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Power thyristor units

460 series

Control of single-phase resistive and inductive loads

User Manual

Power thyristor units

460 series

Control of single-phase resistive and inductive loads

User Manual

© Copyright Eurotherm Automation 1996

All rights reserved. All reproduction or transmission in any form or using any procedure (electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording) without the written permission of EUROTHERM AUTOMATION is strictly prohibited. EUROTHERM AUTOMATION have taken particular care to ensure the accuracy of these specifications. However, in order to maintain our technological lead, we are dedicated to the continual improvement of our products and this may lead to modifications or omissions in the current specifications. We cannot be held responsible for any material or bodily damage, losses or costs incurred.

Part No HA 174913 ENG Issue 2 Printed in France 11/96

I

© Copyright Eurotherm Automation 1996

All rights reserved. All reproduction or transmission in any form or using any procedure (electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording) without the written permission of EUROTHERM AUTOMATION is strictly prohibited. EUROTHERM AUTOMATION have taken particular care to ensure the accuracy of these specifications. However, in order to maintain our technological lead, we are dedicated to the continual improvement of our products and this may lead to modifications or omissions in the current specifications. We cannot be held responsible for any material or bodily damage, losses or costs incurred.

Part No HA 174913 ENG Issue 2 Printed in France 11/96

I

EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES

SAFETY

The 460 products installed and used in accordance with this User Manual are designed to comply with the essential protection requirements of the European

Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC dated 19/02/73 (amended by Directive 93/68/EEC dated 22/07/93).

MARK

The CE Mark of 460 products implies that the essential protection requirements of the European Low Voltage Directive are observed.

The 460 Technical Construction File is approved by a Notified Body, LCIE

(Laboratoire Central des Industries ƒlectriques).

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

A CE Declaration of Conformity is available on request.

For further information on CE Mark, please contact your nearest Eurotherm office.

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

For industrial environments, excluding residential environments

The 460 products are considered as components without any direct function as defined in the EMC Directive. The system or installation in which these products are incorporated must complies with the essential protection requirements of the EMC Directive.

However, Eurotherm certifies that the 460 products, when installed and used in accordance with their User Manual, meets the following EMC test standards and enables the system or installation in which there are installed to comply with the EMC Directive in regards to the 460 products.

II

460 User Manual

EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES

SAFETY

The 460 products installed and used in accordance with this User Manual are designedto comply with the essential protection requirements of the European

Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC dated 19/02/73 (amended by Directive 93/68/EEC dated 22/07/93).

MARK

The CE Mark of 460 products implies that the essential protection requirements of the European Low Voltage Directive are observed.

The 460 Technical Construction File is approved by a Notified Body, LCIE

(Laboratoire Central des Industries ƒlectriques).

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

A CE Declaration of Conformity is available on request.

For further information on CE Mark, please contact your nearest Eurotherm office.

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

For industrial environments, excluding residential environments

The 460 products are considered as components without any direct function as defined in the EMC Directive. The system or installation in which these products are incorporated must complies with the essential protection requirements of the EMC Directive.

However, Eurotherm certifies that the 460 products, when installed and used in accordance with their User Manual, meets the following EMC test standards and enables the system or installation in which there are installed to comply with the EMC Directive in regards to the 460 products.

II

460 User Manual

EMC STANDARDS

Immunity Generic Standard : EN 50082-2

Test Standards : EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-4, ENV 50140,

ENV 50141

Emissions Generic Standard : EN 50081-2

Test Standard : EN 55011

Product Standard : IEC1800-3

The choice of the Conducted Emission applicable standard depends on the application

¥ EN 50081-2 : With a external filter

¥ IEC 1800-3 : Without external filter. Applies for the second environment.

EMC EXTERNAL SERIES FILTERS

To reduce the conducted emissions that occur when using thyristor units, Eurotherm can supply external filters.

Nominal current of thyristor unit

15 A and 25 A

40 A and 55 A

75 A and 100 A

125 A and 150 A

EMC filter ordering code

Single-phase wiring Three-phase application

FILTER/MON/25A/00

FILTER/MON/63A/00

FILTER/TRI/63A/00

FILTER/TRI/63A/00

FILTER/MON/100A/00 FILTER/TRI/100A/00

2 x FILTER/MON/100A/00 Contact Eurotherm

( in parallel)

VALIDATION BY COMPETENT BODY

In order to guarantee the best service, Eurotherm has validated the compliance of the 460 products with EMC test standards through design and laboratory tests that have been validated with a Technical Construction File by a Competent Body, LCIE (Laboratoire Central des Industries ƒlectriques).

EMC INSTALLATION GUIDE

In order to help you reduce risks related to the effects of electromagneticinterference depending on the installation of the product, Eurotherm can supply you with the

"EMC Installation Guide" (Part No. HA025464).

This guide gives the rules generally applicable for Electromagnetic compatibility.

460 User Manual III

EMC STANDARDS

Immunity Generic Standard : EN 50082-2

Test Standards : EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-4, ENV 50140,

ENV 50141

Emissions Generic Standard : EN 50081-2

Test Standard : EN 55011

Product Standard : IEC1800-3

The choice of the Conducted Emission applicable standard depends on the application

¥ EN 50081-2 : With a external filter

¥ IEC 1800-3 : Without external filter. Applies for the second environment.

EMC EXTERNAL SERIES FILTERS

To reduce the conducted emissions that occur when using thyristor units, Eurotherm can supply external filters.

Nominal current of thyristor unit

15 A and 25 A

40 A and 55 A

75 A and 100 A

125 A and 150 A

EMC filter ordering code

Single-phase wiring Three-phase application

FILTER/MON/25A/00

FILTER/MON/63A/00

FILTER/MON/100A/00

FILTER/TRI/63A/00

FILTER/TRI/63A/00

FILTER/TRI/100A/00

2 x FILTER/MON/100A/00 Contact Eurotherm

( in parallel)

VALIDATION BY COMPETENT BODY

In order to guarantee the best service, Eurotherm has validated the compliance of the 460 products with EMC test standards through design and laboratory tests that have been validated with a Technical Construction File by a Competent Body, LCIE (Laboratoire Central des Industries ƒlectriques).

EMC INSTALLATION GUIDE

In order to help you reduce risks related to the effects of electromagneticinterference depending on the installation of the product, Eurotherm can supply you with the

"EMC Installation Guide" (Part No. HA025464).

This guide gives the rules generally applicable for Electromagnetic compatibility.

460 User Manual

III

MANUALS IN USE

This 460 User Manual Part No HA 174913 ENG intended for the 460 series power thyristor units manufactured beginning January 1996.

The 451-455-461 User Manual ( Part No HA174485) is valid for products manufactured before this date.

PRECAUTIONS

Important precautions and special information are indicated in the manual by two symbols:

This symbol means that failure to take note of the information may have serious consequences for the safety of personnel and may even result in the risk of electrocution.

DANGER

!

This symbol means that failure to take note of the information may

• have serious consequences for the installation

ATTENTION

• result in the incorrect functioning of the power unit.

These marks must indicate specific points. The entire manual remains applicable.

PERSONNEL

The installation, configuration, commissioning and maintenance of the power unit must only be performed by a person qualified and authorised to perform

work in an industrial low voltage electrical environment.

INDEPENDENT SAFETY

It is the responsibility of the user and it is highly recommended, given the value of the equipment controlled using 460, to install independent safety devices. This alarm must be tested regularly.

Eurotherm can supply suitable equipment.

FURTHER INFORMATION

For any further information and if in doubt, please contact your EUROTHERM office where technicians are at your disposal should you require advice or assistance with the commissioning of your installation.

IV

460 User Manual

MANUALS IN USE

This 460 User Manual Part No HA 174913 ENG intended for the 460 series power thyristor units manufactured beginning January 1996.

The 451-455-461 User Manual ( Part No HA174485) is valid for products manufactured before this date.

PRECAUTIONS

Important precautions and special information are indicated in the manual by two symbols:

This symbol means that failure to take note of the information may have serious consequences for the safety of personnel and may even result in the risk of electrocution.

DANGER

!

This symbol means that failure to take note of the information may

• have serious consequences for the installation

ATTENTION

• result in the incorrect functioning of the power unit.

These marks must indicate specific points. The entire manual remains applicable.

PERSONNEL

The installation, configuration, commissioning and maintenance of the power unit must only be performed by a person qualified and authorised to perform

work in an industrial low voltage electrical environment.

INDEPENDENT SAFETY

It is the responsibility of the user and it is highly recommended, given the value of the equipment controlled using 460, to install independent safety devices. This alarm must be tested regularly.

Eurotherm can supply suitable equipment.

FURTHER INFORMATION

For any further information and if in doubt, please contact your EUROTHERM office where technicians are at your disposal should you require advice or assistance with the commissioning of your installation.

IV

460 User Manual

460 User Manual

Identification

Chapter 1

IDENTIFYING THE THYRISTOR UNITS

Contents page

General introduction to the 460 series .......................... 1-2

Technical data ............................................................... 1-6

Power ......................................................................... 1-6

Environment ............................................................... 1-6

Control ........................................................................ 1-7

Retransmission .......................................................... 1-8

Current limit ................................................................ 1-8

Partial load failure detection ....................................... 1-8

Coding ........................................................................... 1-9

Thyristor unit .............................................................. 1-9

Baseplate ................................................................. 1-10

Short or full code ...................................................... 1-10

Coding example .......................................................... 1-11

460 series thyristor unit and installation

parameters .............................................................. 1-11

Thyristor unit coding ................................................. 1-11

Serial number labels ................................................... 1-12

Chapter 1

IDENTIFYING THE THYRISTOR UNITS

Contents page

General introduction to the 460 series .......................... 1-2

Technical data ............................................................... 1-6

Power ......................................................................... 1-6

Environment ............................................................... 1-6

Control ........................................................................ 1-7

Retransmission .......................................................... 1-8

Current limit ................................................................ 1-8

Partial load failure detection ....................................... 1-8

Coding ........................................................................... 1-9

Thyristor unit .............................................................. 1-9

Baseplate ................................................................. 1-10

Short or full code ...................................................... 1-10

Coding example .......................................................... 1-11

460 series thyristor unit and installation

parameters .............................................................. 1-11

Thyristor unit coding ................................................. 1-11

Serial number labels ................................................... 1-12

Identification

1-1 460 User Manual 1-1

Identification

Chapter 1 IDENTIFYING THE THYRISTOR UNITS

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE 460 SERIES

The 460 series power thyristor units are designed for the control of industrial single

phase loads.

The 460 series is designed to control:

• inductive loads (transformer primary circuits, in particular) or

high temperature coefficient resistive loads.

A thyristor unit contains a pair of thyristors mounted in parallel on a heat dissipator.

The 460 series thyristors control currents between 15 A and 150 A.

The nominal line to line voltage varies between 120 V and 500 V.

The control signal, which can be reconfigured by the user, has three voltage levels:

0-5 V ; 0-10 V and 1-5 V.

and four current levels:

0-5 mA ; 0-10 mA ;

0-20 mA and 4-20 mA.

Manual control using external potentiometers is possible.

The 460 series is equipped with the following functions:

• electrical power control of inductive and resistive loads

• different thyristor firing modes

• decrease in the current requirement of high temperature coefficient loads using soft starts

• elimination of over-currents when starting inductive loads

• current limit

• partial load failure detection

• logic output to control other power units ("Slave firing" output)

• selective pulse locking circuit

• inhibition available on the user terminal block

• load current and voltage level image retransmission.

1-2 460 User Manual

Identification

Chapter 1 IDENTIFYING THE THYRISTOR UNITS

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE 460 SERIES

The 460 series power thyristor units are designed for the control of industrial single

phase loads.

The 460 series is designed to control:

• inductive loads (transformer primary circuits, in particular) or

high temperature coefficient resistive loads.

A thyristor unit contains a pair of thyristors mounted in parallel on a heat dissipator.

The 460 series thyristors control currents between 15 A and 150 A.

The nominal line to line voltage varies between 120 V and 500 V.

The control signal, which can be reconfigured by the user, has three voltage levels:

0-5 V ; 0-10 V and 1-5 V.

and four current levels:

0-5 mA ; 0-10 mA ;

0-20 mA and 4-20 mA.

Manual control using external potentiometers is possible.

The 460 series is equipped with the following functions:

• electrical power control of inductive and resistive loads

• different thyristor firing modes

• decrease in the current requirement of high temperature coefficient loads using soft starts

• elimination of over-currents when starting inductive loads

• current limit

• partial load failure detection

• logic output to control other power units ("Slave firing" output)

• selective pulse locking circuit

• inhibition available on the user terminal block

• load current and voltage level image retransmission.

1-2 460 User Manual

Identification

E U R O T H E R M

L o a d

C h r a g e

Fail

Défaut

Adjust

Seuil

Test

I limit

Limit. I

User terminal blocks

Identification

Heat sink

460 User Manual

Figure 1-1 Overall view of the 460 series thyristor unit

Fuse fail

Diagnostic socked

Déf. fusible

240 V ~ 75 A

1-3

Control cable clamp

Power terminals

460 User Manual

Figure 1-1 Overall view of the 460 series thyristor unit

L

1-3

Identification

The 460 series thyristor units are fitted with:

• a "driver board "which generates the thyristor firing start signals, and regulates the current and voltage measurements,

• a "snubber board" which protects the thyristors from fast voltage variations and generates the thyristor firing pulses

Models 462 to 464 have a selective thyristor gate pulse locking board to avoid unstable firing in certain applications.

The control system regulates the square of the voltage or the square of the load current as a function of an analogue input signal (automatic selection of the larger value).

460 thyristor units compensate for supply variations in a range from +10 % to -15 % of the nominal voltage.

On the front fascia are located:

• the partial load failure detection adjustment potentiometer

• the "Test" push button for testing the adjustment of the PLF alarm

• the indicator light to show partial load failure detection

• the current limit adjustment potentiometer

• the indicator light showing if the internal thyristor protection fuse has blown

• the diagnostic connector.

460 series thyristor units have permanent fan cooling above 100 A nominal.

Identification

The 460 series thyristor units are fitted with:

• a "driver board "which generates the thyristor firing start signals, and regulates the current and voltage measurements,

• a "snubber board" which protects the thyristors from fast voltage variations and generates the thyristor firing pulses

Models 462 to 464 have a selective thyristor gate pulse locking board to avoid unstable firing in certain applications.

The control system regulates the square of the voltage or the square of the load current as a function of an analogue input signal (automatic selection of the larger value).

460 thyristor units compensate for supply variations in a range from +10 % to -15 % of the nominal voltage.

On the front fascia are located:

• the partial load failure detection adjustment potentiometer

• the "Test" push button for testing the adjustment of the PLF alarm

• the indicator light to show partial load failure detection

• the current limit adjustment potentiometer

• the indicator light showing if the internal thyristor protection fuse has blown

• the diagnostic connector.

460 series thyristor units have permanent fan cooling above 100 A nominal.

1-4 460 User Manual 1-4 460 User Manual

Identification

The 460 thyristor units have the following thyristor firing modes:

• thyristor firing angle variation ("Phase angle"),

• cyclic firing ratio modulation from 0 to 100 % ("Burst mode")

"Burst mode" firing is characterised by different modes:

• a firing or non-firing cycle ("Single cycle")

slow cycle (modulation time 8 s at 50% setpoint)

fast cycle (modulation time 0.8 s at 50% setpoint)

• burst firing (fast or slow) with soft start in thyristor firing angle variation

• burst firing (fast or slow) with soft start and end in thyristor firing angle variation.

The soft start for high temperature coefficient resistive loads and the delayed firing angle at the first alternation in the case of the control of inductive loads (which may cause fuse blow-out or trigger the protective circuit breaker) minimise transient over-currents.

The soft start and end time can be adjusted between 0 and 0.25 s using the potentiometer on the front fascia.

The 460 power thyristor units have two types of current limit:

linear limit (adjustment using potentiometer on front fascia)

threshold limit (adjustment using external potentiometer).

The partial load failure (PLF) detection circuit detects 25 % increases in load impedance

(independently from the supply voltage variation).

The PLF detection is adjusted using a potentiometer on the front fascia for the real load current used.

The PLF alarm is signalled by the alarm relay switch and by the "Load Fail" indicator light on the front fascia.

Thermal protection is provided by a thermal switch which detects if the fan has stopped or the heatsink is overheated.

The 460 thyristor unit is equipped with active operation validation.

An external 10 V voltage (32 V max) or a switch connected to the user terminal block is used to inhibit the thyristor unit.

460 User Manual 1-5 460 User Manual

Identification

The 460 thyristor units have the following thyristor firing modes:

• thyristor firing angle variation ("Phase angle"),

• cyclic firing ratio modulation from 0 to 100 % ("Burst mode")

"Burst mode" firing is characterised by different modes:

• a firing or non-firing cycle ("Single cycle")

slow cycle (modulation time 8 s at 50% setpoint)

fast cycle (modulation time 0.8 s at 50% setpoint)

• burst firing (fast or slow) with soft start in thyristor firing angle variation

• burst firing (fast or slow) with soft start and end in thyristor firing angle variation.

The soft start for high temperature coefficient resistive loads and the delayed firing angle at the first alternation in the case of the control of inductive loads (which may cause fuse blow-out or trigger the protective circuit breaker) minimise transient over-currents.

The soft start and end time can be adjusted between 0 and 0.25 s using the potentiometer on the front fascia.

The 460 power thyristor units have two types of current limit:

linear limit (adjustment using potentiometer on front fascia)

threshold limit (adjustment using external potentiometer).

The partial load failure (PLF) detection circuit detects 25 % increases in load impedance

(independently from the supply voltage variation).

The PLF detection is adjusted using a potentiometer on the front fascia for the real load current used.

The PLF alarm is signalled by the alarm relay switch and by the "Load Fail" indicator light on the front fascia.

Thermal protection is provided by a thermal switch which detects if the fan has stopped or the heatsink is overheated.

The 460 thyristor unit is equipped with active operation validation.

An external 10 V voltage (32 V max) or a switch connected to the user terminal block is used to inhibit the thyristor unit.

1-5

Identification

TECHNICAL DATA

The 460 is a power thyristor unit designed to control an industral single-phase load with a high current requirement at start-up using thyristors.

!

Attention !

It is the user's responsibility to ensure that the nominal values of the thyristor unit are compatible with the conditions of installation and operation before commissioning the thyristor unit.

Power

Nominal current

Nominal line to line voltage

Supply frequency

Dissipated power

Cooling

Fan

Load

Residual current

15 A to 150 A

120 Vac to 500 Vac (+10%,-15%)

Inhibition below 70% of the nominal voltage; response time <10 ms; automatic reset 2 s after return to 85 % of the value

50 or 60 Hz (

±

2 Hz)

1.3 W (approximately) per ampere

Permanent fan cooling above 100 A nominal

Consumption 23 VA

Powered by the electronics supply voltage

Resistive with high temperature coefficient or inductive

(transformer primary circuit or inductor)

In the OFF state, typically below 30 mA

Environment

Operating temperature

Altitude

Storage temperature

Protection

Thyristor protection

External cabling

Atmosphere

Humidity

Pollution

0

°

C to +50

°

C in vertical position

2000 m maximum

-10

°

C to +70

°

C

IP00 (can be opened without tools according to IEC 592)

Internal high speed fuse fuse blown indicator light.

(external fuse for 150 A model 464)

Varistor and RC snubber

To be performed according to the standards IEC 364

Non-explosive, non-corrosive and non-conducting

RH of 5% to 95% without condensation

Degree 2 admissible, defined by IEC 664

1-6

Identification

TECHNICAL DATA

The 460 is a power thyristor unit designed to control an industral single-phase load with a high current requirement at start-up using thyristors.

!

Attention !

It is the user's responsibility to ensure that the nominal values of the thyristor unit are compatible with the conditions of installation and operation before commissioning the thyristor unit.

Power

Nominal current

Nominal line to line voltage

Supply frequency

Dissipated power

Cooling

Fan

Load

Residual current

15 A to 150 A

120 Vac to 500 Vac (+10%,-15%)

Inhibition below 70% of the nominal voltage; response time <10 ms; automatic reset 2 s after return to 85 % of the value

50 or 60 Hz (

±

2 Hz)

1.3 W (approximately) per ampere

Permanent fan cooling above 100 A nominal

Consumption 23 VA

Powered by the electronics supply voltage

Resistive with high temperature coefficient or inductive

(transformer primary circuit or inductor)

In the OFF state, typically below 30 mA

Environment

Operating temperature

Altitude

Storage temperature

Protection

Thyristor protection

External cabling

Atmosphere

Humidity

Pollution

0

°

C to +50

°

C in vertical position

2000 m maximum

-10

°

C to +70

°

C

IP00 (can be opened without tools according to IEC 592)

Internal high speed fuse fuse blown indicator light.

(external fuse for 150 A model 464)

Varistor and RC snubber

To be performed according to the standards IEC 364

Non-explosive, non-corrosive and non-conducting

RH of 5% to 95% without condensation

Degree 2 admissible, defined by IEC 664

460 User Manual 1-6 460 User Manual

Identification

Control

Power supply

Signal type

Setpoint

Input impedance

Manual control

Thyristor firing modes

Delayed thyristor firing

Enable / Inhibition

Diagnostics

Feedback type

Configuration

Connection

Connection of the electronics power supply to the user terminal block

Consumption: 7 VA (non-fan-cooled unit) 30 VA (fan-cooled unit)

Analogue

Voltage: 0-5 V; 1-5 V or 0-10 V

Current: 0-5 mA ; 0-10 mA ; 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA

Voltage:

100 k

Current:

250

or 1000

External potentiometer 10 k

The following can be reconfigured by the user:

• Phase angle

• Single firing (burst firing with a firing or non-firing cycle)

Fast cycle

(typical modulation time at 50 % power : 0.8 s)

Slow cycle

(typical modulation time at 50 % power : 8 s)

Fast cycle with adjustable soft start between

0 and 250 ms (with or without soft end)

Slow cycle with adjustable soft start between

0 and 250 ms (with or without soft end)

For inductive loads the delayed firing of the first alternation of the burst mode firing (without soft operation)

eliminates transient currents

Using external switch or external voltage on the control terminal block.

Response time: enable 2 s; inhibition < 25 ms

Connector for diagnostic unit used to adjust and control the thyristor unit using 20 test signals

Squared load current or squared voltage control.

Supply variation compensation.

Shielded cable connected to ground at both extremities.

0.5 mm

2 to 2.5 mm 2 wires

Tightening 0.7 N.m

The control terminals are insulated from the power and the load circuit.

460 User Manual 1-7 460 User Manual

Identification

Control

Power supply

Signal type

Setpoint

Input impedance

Manual control

Thyristor firing modes

Delayed thyristor firing

Enable / Inhibition

Diagnostics

Feedback type

Configuration

Connection

Connection of the electronics power supply to the user terminal block

Consumption: 7 VA (non-fan-cooled unit) 30 VA (fan-cooled unit)

Analogue

Voltage: 0-5 V; 1-5 V or 0-10 V

Current: 0-5 mA ; 0-10 mA ; 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA

Voltage:

100 k

Current:

250

or 1000

External potentiometer 10 k

The following can be reconfigured by the user:

• Phase angle

• Single firing (burst firing with a firing or non-firing cycle)

Fast cycle

(typical modulation time at 50 % power : 0.8 s)

Slow cycle

(typical modulation time at 50 % power : 8 s)

Fast cycle with adjustable soft start between

0 and 250 ms (with or without soft end)

Slow cycle with adjustable soft start between

0 and 250 ms (with or without soft end)

For inductive loads the delayed firing of the first alternation of the burst mode firing (without soft operation)

eliminates transient currents

Using external switch or external voltage on the control terminal block.

Response time: enable 2 s; inhibition < 25 ms

Connector for diagnostic unit used to adjust and control the thyristor unit using 20 test signals

Squared load current or squared voltage control.

Supply variation compensation.

Shielded cable connected to ground at both extremities.

0.5 mm

2 to 2.5 mm 2 wires

Tightening 0.7 N.m

The control terminals are insulated from the power and the load circuit.

1-7

Identification

Retransmissions

Signal outputs Retransmission output on the control terminal block.

• Instantaneous load current.

The full wave rectified signal (0 to 5 V) proportional to the real load current image.

• Instantaneous load voltage.

The full wave rectified signal (4.3 V in full firing).

Current limit

Linear limit

Threshold limit

Proportional load current limit

(0 % to 110 % of the nominal current).

Adjustment using potentiometer on front fascia.

Maximum load current limit.

(0 % to 110 % of the nominal current).

Adjustment possible using an external potentiometer or an external voltage.

Partial load failure detection

Alarm

Test

Signalling

"Slave firing" output

20% current decrease detection.

Adjustment on front fascia using "Adjust/Seuil" potentiometer.

Using front fascia "Test" push button.

"Load Fail" indicator light on the front fascia.

Alarm relay switch open in alarm status (in standard version)

Switch closed in alarm status (option 83)

• Logic signal (10 Vdc; 10 mA max)

available on the control terminal block.

!

Attention !

Due to the continual improvement of products, Eurotherm may be required to modify specifications without prior notice. For any further information and in the event of doubt, contact your Eurotherm Office.

Identification

Retransmissions

Signal outputs Retransmission output on the control terminal block.

• Instantaneous load current.

The full wave rectified signal (0 to 5 V) proportional to the real load current image.

• Instantaneous load voltage.

Current limit

Linear limit

Threshold limit

Proportional load current limit

(0 % to 110 % of the nominal current).

Adjustment using potentiometer on front fascia.

Maximum load current limit.

(0 % to 110 % of the nominal current).

Adjustment possible using an external potentiometer or an external voltage.

Partial load failure detection

Alarm

Test

Signalling

"Slave firing" output

20% current decrease detection.

Adjustment on front fascia using "Adjust/Seuil" potentiometer.

Using front fascia "Test" push button.

"Load Fail" indicator light on the front fascia.

Alarm relay switch open in alarm status (in standard version)

Switch closed in alarm status (option 83)

• Logic signal (10 Vdc; 10 mA max)

available on the control terminal block.

!

Attention !

Due to the continual improvement of products, Eurotherm may be required to modify specifications without prior notice. For any further information and in the event of doubt, contact your Eurotherm Office.

1-8 460 User Manual 1-8 460 User Manual

Identification

CODING

Thyristor unit

Series / Nominal / Nominal/ Electronics supply / Input / Thyristor firing / 0ptions / 00

current voltage voltage signal mode

Series

Without pulse locking

461

Nominal Code

Current

15 A 081

25 A 082

40 A 083

55 A 062

With pulse locking

462

463

464

55 A 062

75 A 113

100 A 114

125 A 117

150 A 100

Nominal voltage Code

115 V

240 V

277 V

440 V

10

13

32

28

480 V and 500 V 29

For other voltages, contact your

EUROTHERM Office.

Electronics supply voltage Code

Two-voltage :

100 V and 230 V

115 V and 230 V

200 V and 230 V

277 V and 230 V

380 V and 230 V

440 V and 230 V

480 V or 500 V and 230 V

41

19

42

46

43

47

44

460 User Manual

Input signal

0-5 V

1-5 V

0-10 V

0-5 mA

0-10 mA

0-20 mA

4-20 mA

Code

008

068

060

069

071

072

073

Thyristor firing

mode

Phase angle

Single cycle

Code

002

160

Fast cycle (0.8 s)

Fast cycle

with soft start

Fast cycle

001

055

with soft start and soft end SDF

Slow cycle (8 s)

Slow cycle

with soft start

Slow cycle

050

056

with soft start and soft end SDS

Options

Frequency 60 Hz

PLF alarm switch

closed in alarm status

Unit without baseplate

Code

69

83

76

1-9

Identification

CODING

Thyristor unit

Series / Nominal / Nominal/ Electronics supply / Input / Thyristor firing / 0ptions / 00

current voltage voltage signal mode

Series

Without pulse locking

461

Nominal Code

Current

15 A 081

25 A 082

40 A 083

55 A 062

With pulse locking

462

463

464

55 A 062

75 A 113

100 A 114

125 A 117

150 A 100

Nominal voltage Code

115 V

240 V

277 V

440 V

480 V and 500 V

10

13

32

28

29

For other voltages, contact your

EUROTHERM Office.

Electronics supply voltage Code

Two-voltage :

100 V and 230 V

115 V and 230 V

200 V and 230 V

277 V and 230 V

380 V and 230 V

440 V and 230 V

480 V or 500 V and 230 V

41

19

42

46

43

47

44

460 User Manual

Input signal

0-5 V

1-5 V

0-10 V

0-5 mA

0-10 mA

0-20 mA

4-20 mA

Code

008

068

060

069

071

072

073

Thyristor firing

mode

Phase angle

Code

002

Single cycle 160

Fast cycle (0.8 s)

Fast cycle

001

with soft start

Fast cycle

055

with soft start and soft end SDF

Slow cycle (8 s) 050

Slow cycle

with soft start 056

Slow cycle

with soft start and soft end SDS

Options

Frequency 60 Hz

PLF alarm switch

closed in alarm status

Unit without baseplate

Code

69

83

76

1-9

Identification

Baseplate

Thyristor unit series / Nominal current / Baseplate code / 00

For advance installation, order the attachment baseplate without a unit.

Thyristor unit series

461

462

463

464

Nominal

current

15 A to 55 A

55 A to 75 A

100 A

125 A to 150 A

Baseplate code

LA 017912

LA 017959

LA 171068

LA 171128

For deferred orders of units for pre-installed baseplates, use the thyristor unit coding option

"Unit without baseplate" - code 76.

Short or full code

The full code for the 460 series thyristor units (shown on page 1-9 in "Coding") specifies all the technical characteristics specified by the client.

To simplify the process for ordering thyristor units, the "short" code can be used, specifying the model, the nominal current and the operating voltage.

The "short" code is presented as follows.

Series / Nominal / Nominal / Electronics supply / 00

current voltage voltage

If the "short" code is used, the 460 thyristor unit is supplied with the standard configuration:

• the input configured for 4-20 mA

• the thyristor firing mode: firing angle variation (Phase angle)

• frequency 50 Hz

• the thyristor firing delay potentiometer on maximum

(maximum start ramp).

1-10 460 User Manual

Identification

Baseplate

Thyristor unit series / Nominal current / Baseplate code / 00

For advance installation, order the attachment baseplate without a unit.

Thyristor unit series

461

462

463

464

Nominal

current

15 A to 55 A

55 A to 75 A

100 A

125 A to 150 A

Baseplate code

LA 017912

LA 017959

LA 171068

LA 171128

For deferred orders of units for pre-installed baseplates, use the thyristor unit coding option

"Unit without baseplate" - code 76.

Short or full code

The full code for the 460 series thyristor units (shown on page 1-9 in "Coding") specifies all the technical characteristics specified by the client.

To simplify the process for ordering thyristor units, the "short" code can be used, specifying the model, the nominal current and the operating voltage.

The "short" code is presented as follows.

Series / Nominal / Nominal / Electronics supply / 00

current voltage voltage

If the "short" code is used, the 460 thyristor unit is supplied with the standard configuration:

• the input configured for 4-20 mA

• the thyristor firing mode: firing angle variation (Phase angle)

• frequency 50 Hz

• the thyristor firing delay potentiometer on maximum

(maximum start ramp).

1-10 460 User Manual

CODING EXAMPLE

460 series thyristor unit and installation parameters

Nominal load current

Nominal supply voltage

Electronics supply voltage

Input signal

Firing mode

Triggering

Options:

45 amperes

440 volts line to line, 60 Hz

440 Vac

0 - 10 volts

"Fast cycle" burst mode firing with soft start.

With selective pulse locking

• "Partial load failure detection" switch

closed in alarm status

• Unit without baseplate.

Thyristor unit coding

462 / 062 / 28 / 47 / 060 / 055 / 69 / 83 / 76 / 00

!

Attention !

The nominal voltage of the 460 series thyristor unit must correspond to the supply voltage used to prevent problems of non-operation for voltages lower than 70% of the nominal voltage.

Identification

Identification

CODING EXAMPLE

460 series thyristor unit and installation parameters

Nominal load current

Nominal supply voltage

Electronics supply voltage

Input signal

Firing mode

Triggering

Options:

45 amperes

440 volts line to line, 60 Hz

440 Vac

0 - 10 volts

"Fast cycle" burst mode firing with soft start.

With selective pulse locking

• "Partial load failure detection" switch

closed in alarm status

• Unit without baseplate.

Thyristor unit coding

462 / 062 / 28 / 47 / 060 / 055 / 69 / 83 / 76 / 00

!

Attention !

The nominal voltage of the 460 series thyristor unit must correspond to the supply voltage used to prevent problems of non-operation for voltages lower than 70% of the nominal voltage.

460 User Manual 1-11 460 User Manual 1-11

Identification

SERIAL NUMBER LABELS

An identification label (specifying the coding of the thyristor unit) and a configuration label give all the information relating to the factory settings of the thyristor unit.

An identification label is externally located at the top of the right hand side panel of the unit.

Identification

SERIAL NUMBER LABELS

An identification label (specifying the coding of the thyristor unit) and a configuration label give all the information relating to the factory settings of the thyristor unit.

An identification label is externally located at the top of the right hand side panel of the unit.

1-12

EI EUROTHERM

WORTHING, ENGLAND : 1903-268500

MODEL : 464/117/28/43/073/002/83/76/00

2.20

SERIAL No.: LC9999/001/001/12/95

RANGE: 125 A 440 V ELECTRONICS SUPPLY: 350-450V / 200-260V

ANY OTHER FUSE INVALIDATES GUARANTEE

FERRAZ C99960 / I.R EE1000.150 / BRUSH 150EET

MADE IN FRANCE

Figure 1-2 Example of an identification label for a model 464 thyristor unit

The information corresponds to a 464 thyristor unit, nominal current 125 A, nominal voltage 440 V, electronics supply in the range 350 to 450 V, 4-20mA input, "phase angle" firing, PLF alarm switch closed in alarm status, unit delivered without baseplate.

The configuration label presents the factory settings.

The standard configuration (4-20 mA input, "Phase angle" firing mode and frequency 50 Hz) is shown.

If the configuration is different from the standard, it is shown in the appropriate field.

In this case, the position of the miniature configuration switches for the selected input signal and firing mode are shown.

The information on the configuration label is shown in French and in English.

!

Attention !

Following any reconfiguration on the part of the user, there is no guarantee that the thyristor unit and this information corresponds to the information related to the unit coding.

460 User Manual 1-12

EI EUROTHERM

WORTHING, ENGLAND : 1903-268500

MODEL : 464/117/28/43/073/002/83/76/00

2.20

SERIAL No.: LC9999/001/001/12/95

RANGE: 125 A 440 V ELECTRONICS SUPPLY: 350-450V / 200-260V

ANY OTHER FUSE INVALIDATES GUARANTEE

FERRAZ C99960 / I.R EE1000.150 / BRUSH 150EET

MADE IN FRANCE

Figure 1-2 Example of an identification label for a model 464 thyristor unit

The information corresponds to a 464 thyristor unit, nominal current 125 A, nominal voltage 440 V, electronics supply in the range 350 to 450 V, 4-20 mA input, "phase angle" firing, PLF alarm switch closed in alarm status, unit delivered without baseplate.

The configuration label presents the factory settings.

The standard configuration (4-20 mA input, "Phase angle" firing mode and frequency 50 Hz) is shown.

If the configuration is different from the standard, it is shown in the appropriate field.

In this case, the position of the miniature configuration switches for the selected input signal and firing mode are shown.

The information on the configuration label is shown in French and in English.

!

Attention !

Following any reconfiguration on the part of the user, there is no guarantee that the thyristor unit and this information corresponds to the information related to the unit coding.

460 User Manual

460 User Manual

Installation

Chapter 2

INSTALLATION

Contents page

Safety during installation ............................................... 2-2

Dimensions ................................................................... 2-3

Mechanical mounting .................................................... 2-4

Installation

Chapter 2

INSTALLATION

Contents page

Safety during installation ............................................... 2-2

Dimensions ................................................................... 2-3

Mechanical mounting .................................................... 2-4

460 User Manual 2-1

Installation

Chapter 2 INSTALLATION

SAFETY DURING INSTALLATION

Danger !

460 units must be installed by a person authorised to work in an industrial low voltage electrical environment.

Units must be installed in fan-cooled electric cabinets, guaranteeing the absence of condensation and pollution.

The cabinet must be closed and connected to the safety ground in accordance with the standards NFC 15-100, IEC 364 or the current national standards.

2-2

!

For installations in fan-cooled cabinets, it is recommended to place a fan failure detection device or a thermal safety control in the cabinet.

Bulkhead mountings are possible with 460 series units.

The units must be mounted with the heatsink positioned vertically and with no obstructions either above or below which could block the passage of the ventilation air.

If multiple units are installed in the same cabinet, they should be arranged in such a way that the air expelled by one unit cannot be admitted into the unit located above it.

Leave a vertical gap of at least 80 mm between two units.

Leave a gap of at least 20 mm between two units installed side by side.

Attention !

The units are designed to be used at an ambient temperature less than or equal to 50

°

C.

Excessive overheating may cause incorrect operation of the unit, which in turn may cause damage in the components.

460 series power units have permanent fan cooling for nominal currents above 100 A.

460 User Manual

Installation

Chapter 2 INSTALLATION

SAFETY DURING INSTALLATION

Danger !

460 units must be installed by a person authorised to work in an industrial low voltage electrical environment.

Units must be installed in fan-cooled electric cabinets, guaranteeing the absence of condensation and pollution.

The cabinet must be closed and connected to the safety ground in accordance with the standards NFC 15-100, IEC 364 or the current national standards.

2-2

!

For installations in fan-cooled cabinets, it is recommended to place a fan failure detection device or a thermal safety control in the cabinet.

Bulkhead mountings are possible with 460 series units.

The units must be mounted with the heatsink positioned vertically and with no obstructions either above or below which could block the passage of the ventilation air.

If multiple units are installed in the same cabinet, they should be arranged in such a way that the air expelled by one unit cannot be admitted into the unit located above it.

Leave a vertical gap of at least 80 mm between two units.

Leave a gap of at least 20 mm between two units installed side by side.

Attention !

The units are designed to be used at an ambient temperature less than or equal to 50

°

C.

Excessive overheating may cause incorrect operation of the unit, which in turn may cause damage in the components.

460 series power units have permanent fan cooling for nominal currents above 100 A.

460 User Manual

Installation

DIMENSIONS

The dimensions of the 460 series thyristor units are given in figure 2-1 and table 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Overall dimensions

Model

461

462

463

464

Height (H) Width (W) Depth (D)

mm mm mm

247

247

247

280

76

114

152

152

Table 2-1 Overall dimensions and weight

460 User Manual

236

236

236

236

Weight

kg

3

4

5

5

Installation

DIMENSIONS

The dimensions of the 460 series thyristor units are given in figure 2-1 and table 2-1.

E U R O T H E R M

Fail

Défaut C h o d r e

Test

I limit

Limit. I

Fuse fail

Déf. fusible

240 V ~ 75 A

H

L

W

D

Figure 2-1 Overall dimensions

Model Height (H) Width (W) Depth (D)

mm mm mm

461

462

463

464

247

247

247

280

76

114

152

152

Table 2-1 Overall dimensions and weight

460 User Manual

236

236

236

236

Weight

kg

3

4

5

5

2-3

Installation

MECHANICAL MOUNTING

460 series units are slotted into a steel baseplate located at the rear of the unit.

The baseplate can be mounted:

• on a pair of asymmetric DIN rails

• on a vertical wall.

Figure 2-2 Dimensions for attachment to a vertical wall (mm)

2-4

To mount the unit:

tilt the unit forwards to approximately 20 degrees from the horizontal

• fit the rotation pin into the slot in the baseplate

• raise the unit to the horizontal

• lock by a quarter of a turn.

To dismount the unit:

unlock the upper attachment by a quarter of a turn

• tilt the unit forwards to approximately 20 degrees from the horizontal

• free the unit from its baseplate.

Danger !

Before dismounting the unit, ensure that it is switched off and that the heatsink is not hot.

460 User Manual

Installation

MECHANICAL MOUNTING

460 series units are slotted into a steel baseplate located at the rear of the unit.

The baseplate can be mounted:

• on a pair of asymmetric DIN rails

• on a vertical wall.

178

A

A

A

A

Quarter turn locking

15

Rotation pin

Baseplate

4 holes ø4.2

(2 holes for 461)

51

0 (461), 42 (462)

75 (463, 464)

43

105

149

(178 for

464)

Figure 2-2 Dimensions for attachment to a vertical wall (mm)

2-4

To mount the unit:

tilt the unit forwards to approximately 20 degrees from the horizontal

• fit the rotation pin into the slot in the baseplate

• raise the unit to the horizontal

• lock by a quarter of a turn.

To dismount the unit:

unlock the upper attachment by a quarter of a turn

• tilt the unit forwards to approximately 20 degrees from the horizontal

• free the unit from its baseplate.

Danger !

Before dismounting the unit, ensure that it is switched off and that the heatsink is not hot.

460 User Manual

460 User Manual

Cabling

Chapter 3

CABLING

Contents page

Safety during cabling ................................................................... 3-2

Fixing the power cables .............................................................. 3-3

User terminal blocks .................................................................... 3-5

Electronics power supply .................................................... 3-6

Alarm relay switch ............................................................... 3-7

Control cables ............................................................................. 3-8

Fixing ................................................................................... 3-8

Connecting the shield to the ground ................................... 3-9

Control terminal block ................................................................. 3-10

Input signals ................................................................................ 3-12

External control ................................................................... 3-13

Control of multiple thyristor units ......................................... 3-14

Input parallel configuration ............................................. 3-14

Input serial configuration ................................................ 3-14

Manual control configuration ............................................... 3-15

Current limit configuration ................................................... 3-16

Linear current limit .......................................................... 3-16

Threshold current limit .................................................... 3-17

External voltage adjustment ....................................... 3-17

Potentiometer adjustment ........................................... 3-18

Retransmission signal configuration ................................... 3-19

Inhibition .............................................................................. 3-20

"Slave firing" output ............................................................. 3-20

Single-phase load wiring diagram ............................................... 3-21

Three-phase load wiring diagrams .............................................. 3-22

Load in star without neutral or in closed delta

(2 phase control) ................................................................. 3-25

EMC filter connection (2 phase control) .............................. 3-26

Load in star with neutral ...................................................... 3-27

Load in open delta ............................................................... 3-28

3-1 460 User Manual

Cabling

Chapter 3

CABLING

Contents page

Safety during cabling ................................................................... 3-2

Fixing the power cables .............................................................. 3-3

User terminal blocks .................................................................... 3-5

Electronics power supply .................................................... 3-6

Alarm relay switch ............................................................... 3-7

Control cables ............................................................................. 3-8

Fixing ................................................................................... 3-8

Connecting the shield to the ground ................................... 3-9

Control terminal block ................................................................. 3-10

Input signals ................................................................................ 3-12

External control ................................................................... 3-13

Control of multiple thyristor units ......................................... 3-14

Input parallel configuration ............................................. 3-14

Input serial configuration ................................................ 3-14

Manual control configuration ............................................... 3-15

Current limit configuration ................................................... 3-16

Linear current limit .......................................................... 3-16

Threshold current limit .................................................... 3-17

External voltage adjustment ....................................... 3-17

Potentiometer adjustment ........................................... 3-18

Retransmission signal configuration ................................... 3-19

Inhibition .............................................................................. 3-20

"Slave firing" output ............................................................. 3-20

Single-phase load wiring diagram ............................................... 3-21

Three-phase load wiring diagrams .............................................. 3-22

Load in star without neutral or in closed delta

(2 phase control) ................................................................. 3-25

EMC filter connection (2 phase control) .............................. 3-26

Load in star with neutral ...................................................... 3-27

Load in open delta ............................................................... 3-28

3-1

Cabling

Chapter 3 CABLING

SAFETY DURING CABLING

Danger !

Cabling must be performed by personnel who are qualified to work with low voltage electrical equipment.

It is the user's responsibility to cable and protect the installation in accordance with current professional standards. A suitable device guaranteeing electrical separation of the equipment and the supply must be installed upstream from the unit in order to perform the operation in complete safety.

All power and control connections are made to the terminal blocks located on the attachment baseplate and must be made without a unit present.

Danger !

Before any connection or disconnection, make sure that the power and control cables and wires are insulated from the voltage sources.

For safety reasons, the safety earth cable must be connected before any other connection during cabling and must be the last cable to be disconnected.

The safety earth is connected to the screw located on the strip provided for this purpose in the top part of the unit, behind the power terminals and labelled as follows:

Cabling

Chapter 3 CABLING

SAFETY DURING CABLING

Danger !

Cabling must be performed by personnel who are qualified to work with low voltage electrical equipment.

It is the user's responsibility to cable and protect the installation in accordance with current professional standards. A suitable device guaranteeing electrical separation of the equipment and the supply must be installed upstream from the unit in order to perform the operation in complete safety.

All power and control connections are made to the terminal blocks located on the attachment baseplate and must be made without a unit present.

Danger !

Before any connection or disconnection, make sure that the power and control cables and wires are insulated from the voltage sources.

For safety reasons, the safety earth cable must be connected before any other connection during cabling and must be the last cable to be disconnected.

The safety earth is connected to the screw located on the strip provided for this purpose in the top part of the unit, behind the power terminals and labelled as follows:

3-2

!

Attention !

To ensure that the 460 unit is grounded correctly, make sure that it is attached to the

reference ground plane (panel or bulkhead). If this is not the case it is necessary to add a ground connection no more than 10 cm long between the ground connection and the reference ground plane.

Danger !

The purpose of this connection is to guarantee correct ground continuity. It is not, in any circumstances, a substitute for the safety earth connection.

460 User Manual 3-2

!

Attention !

To ensure that the 460 unit is grounded correctly, make sure that it is attached to the

reference ground plane (panel or bulkhead). If this is not the case it is necessary to add a ground connection no more than 10 cm long between the ground connection and the reference ground plane.

Danger !

The purpose of this connection is to guarantee correct ground continuity. It is not, in any circumstances, a substitute for the safety earth connection.

460 User Manual

Cabling

FIXING THE POWER CABLES

The external cables are connected to the terminal blocks on the baseplate, once the baseplate has been fixed, with the unit disconnected.

The power cables are attached to the power terminal blocks marked "L" (Line) and

" " (Load) located on the lower part of the unit.

The power and earth cables are connected to tunnel terminal blocks (15 A to 100 A) or screw terminals (125 A and 150 A).

Above 125 A, it is necessary to connect the power cables using round lugs.

The capacities of the power terminals are shown in table 3-1.

The tightening torques must comply with the limit values shown in the same table.

!

Attention !

Tighten the power connections correctly.

Poor tightening can lead to incorrect operation of the thyristor unit and can have serious consequences for the installation.

Cabling

FIXING THE POWER CABLES

The external cables are connected to the terminal blocks on the baseplate, once the baseplate has been fixed, with the unit disconnected.

The power cables are attached to the power terminal blocks marked "L" (Line) and

" " (Load) located on the lower part of the unit.

The power and earth cables are connected to tunnel terminal blocks (15 A to 100 A) or screw terminals (125 A and 150 A).

Above 125 A, it is necessary to connect the power cables using round lugs.

The capacities of the power terminals are shown in table 3-1.

The tightening torques must comply with the limit values shown in the same table.

!

Attention !

Tighten the power connections correctly.

Poor tightening can lead to incorrect operation of the thyristor unit and can have serious consequences for the installation.

Nominal current

15 A to 55 A

75 A and 100 A

125 A and 150 A

Capacity of the power and earth terminals mm

2

2.5 to 16 (M4)

2.5 to 50 (M6)

Power: 50 or 70 (M8)

Earth: 2.5 to 50 (M4)

Tightening torque

N.m

1.8

2.5

12.5

2.5

Table 3-1 Details of power cabling for 460 units

460 User Manual 3-3

Nominal current Capacity of the power and earth terminals mm

2

2.5 to 16 (M4) 15 A to 55 A

75 A and 100 A 2.5 to 50 (M6)

125 A and 150 A Power: 50 or 70 (M8)

Earth: 2.5 to 50 (M4)

Tightening torque

N.m

1.8

2.5

12.5

2.5

Table 3-1 Details of power cabling for 460 units

460 User Manual 3-3

Cabling Cabling

15

16

Baseplate

Without terminal covers :

461 to 463 Models

1 mm bare cable

464 Model

L

Terminal cover

Safety earth

Load

Terminal cover

Line

3-4

Figure 3-1 Power and safety earth cable fixing points

The cross-section of the connecting conductors used must comply with the IEC 943 standard.

Model

461

462

463

464

Fixing

16 mm

2

tunnel terminal

35 mm

2

tunnel terminal

35 mm 2 tunnel terminal

M10 Screw

Table 3-2 Power cabling details for 460 units

Distance between terminals mm

25.4

55

82

61.5

460 User Manual

15

16

Baseplate

Without terminal covers :

461 to 463 Models

1 mm bare cable

464 Model

L

Terminal cover

Safety earth

Load

Terminal cover

Line

3-4

Figure 3-1 Power and safety earth cable fixing points

The cross-section of the connecting conductors used must comply with the IEC 943 standard.

Model Fixing

461

462

463

464

16 mm

35 mm

35 mm

2

2

2

tunnel terminal

tunnel terminal

tunnel terminal

M10 Screw

Table 3-2 Power cabling details for 460 units

Distance between terminals mm

25.4

55

82

61.5

460 User Manual

Cabling

USER TERMINAL BLOCKS

The terminal blocks used to connect the electronics power supply and the PLF alarm relay contact are located at the top left of the baseplate.

The unit must be unplugged from the baseplate in order to access the user terminal blocks.

The connections are made using screw terminals.

The maximum wire cross-section is 2.5 mm

2

; terminal tightening torque: 0.7 N.m.

PLF

41 42

N 230V

AUTRE

51 52 53

Cabling

USER TERMINAL BLOCKS

The terminal blocks used to connect the electronics power supply and the PLF alarm relay contact are located at the top left of the baseplate.

The unit must be unplugged from the baseplate in order to access the user terminal blocks.

The connections are made using screw terminals.

The maximum wire cross-section is 2.5 mm

2

; terminal tightening torque: 0.7 N.m.

PLF

41 42

N 230V

AUTRE

51 52 53

1

2

3

1

2

3

Figure 3-2 User terminal blocks Figure 3-2 User terminal blocks

460 User Manual 3-5 460 User Manual 3-5

Cabling

Electronics power supply

The electronics power supply powers the following:

• the electronic control

• the fan (for fan-cooled units)

• the partial load failure detection circuit.

Terminal 51 is the neutral or the reference phase.

Terminal 52 is used when the electronic control circuit is powered at 230 V (in the voltage range 200 V to 260 V).

Terminals 51 and 53 are used for voltages outside the range 200-260 V

(110 or 400 V, for example).

The electronics power supply voltage is specified in the unit code (see page 1-9).

!

Attention !

• The phases arriving on terminals 51 to 53 must be identical to those on the unit's power terminals, especially if several units are distributed amongst several phases of a three-phase network.

• The control must be powered up after the power or at the same time.

• The control must be powered down before or at the same time as the power.

The electronics power supply is protected from the electrical disturbances on the supply network in common mode.

Each connection wire from the electronics power supply to a phase must be protected by a

1A fuse.

Cabling

Electronics power supply

The electronics power supply powers the following:

• the electronic control

• the fan (for fan-cooled units)

• the partial load failure detection circuit.

Terminal 51 is the neutral or the reference phase.

Terminal 52 is used when the electronic control circuit is powered at 230 V (in the voltage range 200 V to 260 V).

Terminals 51 and 53 are used for voltages outside the range 200-260 V

(110 or 400 V, for example).

The electronics power supply voltage is specified in the unit code (see page 1-9).

!

Attention !

• The phases arriving on terminals 51 to 53 must be identical to those on the unit's power terminals, especially if several units are distributed amongst several phases of a three-phase network.

• The control must be powered up after the power or at the same time.

• The control must be powered down before or at the same time as the power.

The electronics power supply is protected from the electrical disturbances on the supply network in common mode.

Each connection wire from the electronics power supply to a phase must be protected by a

1A fuse.

3-6 460 User Manual 3-6 460 User Manual

Cabling

Alarm relay switch

The connection of the partial load failure detection relay switch (PLF alarm) which signals the active alarm status is made on the user terminal block located in the upper part of the thyristor unit, on the left.

The switch output terminals are marked 41 and 42 on the terminal block label.

The PLF alarm relay is non-energised in alarm status and when the unit is switched off.

On standard models, the relay switch available between terminals 41 and 42 is open in alarm status and in the event of a power failure.

Optionally (code 83), the alarm relay switch is closed in alarm status.

The partial load failure detection relay switch is protected by a snubber circuit on the control board.

The alarm switch cutoff capacity is 0.25 A under 250 Vac or 30 Vdc.

The switch cutoff voltage must not exceed 250 Vac in any circumstances.

The PLF alarm relay switch output is suitable for driving an alarm unit.

The PLF alarm relay is reset either by switching off the thyristor unit or by a return to the nominal current.

Cabling

Alarm relay switch

The connection of the partial load failure detection relay switch (PLF alarm) which signals the active alarm status is made on the user terminal block located in the upper part of the thyristor unit, on the left.

The switch output terminals are marked 41 and 42 on the terminal block label.

The PLF alarm relay is non-energised in alarm status and when the unit is switched off.

On standard models, the relay switch available between terminals 41 and 42 is open in alarm status and in the event of a power failure.

Optionally (code 83), the alarm relay switch is closed in alarm status.

The partial load failure detection relay switch is protected by a snubber circuit on the control board.

The alarm switch cutoff capacity is 0.25 A under 250 Vac or 30 Vdc.

The switch cutoff voltage must not exceed 250 Vac in any circumstances.

The PLF alarm relay switch output is suitable for driving an alarm unit.

The PLF alarm relay is reset either by switching off the thyristor unit or by a return to the nominal current.

460 User Manual 3-7 460 User Manual 3-7

Cabling

CONTROL CABLES

!

Attention !

The control connections must be made with shielded cables connected to earth at both

ends in order to ensure satisfactory immunity against interference.

Separate the control cables from the power cables in the cable routes.

Fixing

The control wires must be grouped together in a shielded cable passing through the cable

clamp under the unit, to the left of the power terminal block.

15

16

Baseplate

Tightening screw for shielded cable

Cabling

CONTROL CABLES

!

Attention !

The control connections must be made with shielded cables connected to earth at both

ends in order to ensure satisfactory immunity against interference.

Separate the control cables from the power cables in the cable routes.

Fixing

The control wires must be grouped together in a shielded cable passing through the cable

clamp under the unit, to the left of the power terminal block.

15

16

Baseplate

Tightening screw for shielded cable

3-8

Stirrup

Control cableclamp

Control cable clamp

(seen from below)

Figure 3-3 Control cable clamp location

Important !

To facilitate the earthing of the cable shield and to ensure maximum immunity to electromagnetic interference, the metal cable clamp is fixed

directly to the ground of the unit.

L

460 User Manual 3-8

Stirrup

Control cableclamp

Control cable clamp

(seen from below)

Figure 3-3 Control cable clamp location

Important !

To facilitate the earthing of the cable shield and to ensure maximum immunity to electromagnetic interference, the metal cable clamp is fixed

directly to the ground of the unit.

L

460 User Manual

Cabling

Connecting the shield to the ground

To insert the control cable and earth its shield:

¥ Strip the shielded cable as shown in figure 3-4,a.

The control wires must be long enough for the connection between the metal cable clamp

and the control terminal block. The cabling inside the unit must be as short as possible.

Control wires Shield

Insulating sheath

Cabling

Connecting the shield to the ground

To insert the control cable and earth its shield:

¥ Strip the shielded cable as shown in figure 3-4,a.

The control wires must be long enough for the connection between the metal cable clamp

and the control terminal block. The cabling inside the unit must be as short as possible.

Control wires Shield

Insulating sheath

20 to 40 cm

1.5 to 2 cm

Control wires a)

Insulating sheath

20 to 40 cm

Control wires

1.5 to 2 cm a)

Insulating sheath

Shield folded back b)

Figure 3-4 Control cable stripping

¥ Fold back the shield on the insulating sheath (figure 3-4,b)

¥ Insert the cable in the metal cable clamp so that the shield is located in the stirrup and does not

pass the cable clamp.

¥ Tighten the stirrup (4 x 1 flat screwdriver; tightening: 0.7 N.m.)

Wires

Cable clamp

Backeplate

Tightening screw

Cable

Shield folded back

Left hand side view

Figure 3-5 Cable tightening and shield grounding

The possible diameters of the cables with the shield folded back are 5 to 10 mm per cable clamp.

460 User Manual 3-9

Shield folded back b)

Figure 3-4 Control cable stripping

¥ Fold back the shield on the insulating sheath (figure 3-4,b)

¥ Insert the cable in the metal cable clamp so that the shield is located in the stirrup and does not

pass the cable clamp.

¥ Tighten the stirrup (4 x 1 flat screwdriver; tightening: 0.7 N.m.)

Wires

Cable clamp

Backeplate

Tightening screw

Cable

Shield folded back

Left hand side view

Figure 3-5 Cable tightening and shield grounding

The possible diameters of the cables with the shield folded back are 5 to 10 mm per cable clamp.

460 User Manual 3-9

Cabling

CONTROL TERMINAL BLOCK

The following connections are made on the driver board user terminal block:

• the (external or manual) input signal

• the inhibition of the thyristor unit operation

• the threshold current limit

• the load current and voltage retransmission

• the logic signal output to control a solid state contactor ("Slave firing" output)

The terminal block is fixed on the baseplate and can be accessed after the 460 thyristor unit has been unplugged.

Danger !

Dangerous live parts may be accessible when the unit is unplugged.

7

8

9

5

6

3

4

1

2

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Cabling

CONTROL TERMINAL BLOCK

The following connections are made on the driver board user terminal block:

• the (external or manual) input signal

• the inhibition of the thyristor unit operation

• the threshold current limit

• the load current and voltage retransmission

• the logic signal output to control a solid state contactor ("Slave firing" output)

The terminal block is fixed on the baseplate and can be accessed after the 460 thyristor unit has been unplugged.

Danger !

Dangerous live parts may be accessible when the unit is unplugged.

7

8

9

5

6

3

4

1

2

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

L

Control cable clamp

3-10

Figure 3-6 460 thyristor unit control terminal labelling

Control terminal block capacity:

0.5 mm

2

Control terminal tightening torque:

0.7 N.m.

to 2.5 mm

2

.

460 User Manual

L

Control cable clamp

3-10

Figure 3-6 460 thyristor unit control terminal labelling

Control terminal block capacity:

0.5 mm

2

Control terminal tightening torque:

0.7 N.m.

to 2.5 mm

2

.

460 User Manual

Terminal number

1

2

3

6

7

8

4

5

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Description

Not connected

Load current image output

Retransmission 0-5 V

Full wave rectified signal

Manual input

External input

Common 0 V

Not connected

+10 V user voltage

"Slave firing" output

(10 Vdc ; 10 mA max)

Current limit input

Load voltage image output

(electronics power supply)

Retransmission 0-5 V

Full wave rectified signal

Thyristor unit operation inhibition input

Table 3-3 Control terminal identification

Cabling

Terminal number

1

2

3

6

7

8

4

5

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Description

Not connected

Load current image output

Retransmission 0-5 V

Full wave rectified signal

Manual input

External input

Common 0 V

Not connected

+10 V user voltage

"Slave firing" output

(10 Vdc ; 10 mA max)

Current limit input

Load voltage image output

(electronics power supply)

Retransmission 0-5 V

Full wave rectified signal

Thyristor unit operation inhibition input

Table 3-3 Control terminal identification

Cabling

460 User Manual 3-11 460 User Manual 3-11

Cabling

INPUT SIGNALS

The control wires are connected to the screw terminal block (control terminal block) attached to the baseplate.

The terminal block is accessible with the 460 thyristor unit dismounted from the baseplate.

To dismount the thyristor unit from its baseplate:

• unlock the upper attachment by a quarter of a turn

• tilt the unit forwards to approximately 20 degrees from the horizontal

• free the unit from its baseplate.

Danger !

• Before dismounting the unit, ensure that the heatsink is not hot.

• Dangerous live parts may be accessible if the unit is dismounted when the thyristor

unit is switched on.

The thyristor units can be controlled by an external analogue signal (from a controller or another signal source) or manually by an external potentiometer connected to the control terminal block.

Note

: The following low level inputs / outputs:

- control signal

- load current image output

- load voltage image output

- "Slave firing" command output

- inhibition are isolated by transformers from the electronics supply voltage and from the power section.

Cabling

INPUT SIGNALS

The control wires are connected to the screw terminal block (control terminal block) attached to the baseplate.

The terminal block is accessible with the 460 thyristor unit dismounted from the baseplate.

To dismount the thyristor unit from its baseplate:

• unlock the upper attachment by a quarter of a turn

• tilt the unit forwards to approximately 20 degrees from the horizontal

• free the unit from its baseplate.

Danger !

• Before dismounting the unit, ensure that the heatsink is not hot.

• Dangerous live parts may be accessible if the unit is dismounted when the thyristor

unit is switched on.

The thyristor units can be controlled by an external analogue signal (from a controller or another signal source) or manually by an external potentiometer connected to the control terminal block.

Note

: The following low level inputs / outputs:

- control signal

- load current image output

- load voltage image output

- "Slave firing" command output

- inhibition are isolated by transformers from the electronics supply voltage and from the power section.

3-12 460 User Manual 3-12 460 User Manual

Cabling

External control

The 460 thyristor unit can be configured with the choice of 3 input signal voltage levels and 4 input signal current levels (see technical data).

The external signal is applied to terminals 5 and 6 of the control terminal block ("+" on terminal 5).

Cabling

External control

The 460 thyristor unit can be configured with the choice of 3 input signal voltage levels and 4 input signal current levels (see technical data).

The external signal is applied to terminals 5 and 6 of the control terminal block ("+" on terminal 5).

External control signal

+

0V

+10 V

Inhibition

14

16

12

5

6

4

Enable

Control terminal block

Figure 3-7 External control signal configuration

For normal operation of the 460 series thyristor unit, disconnect the "Inhibition" input

(terminal 16) from the "+10 V user" voltage (terminal 12).

The "Current limit" input (terminal 14) should be connected to the "+10 V user" voltage.

The "Manual input" (terminal 4) should be connected to terminal 6 "0 V".

460 User Manual 3-13

External control signal

+

0V

+10 V

Inhibition

14

16

12

5

6

4

Enable

Control terminal block

Figure 3-7 External control signal configuration

For normal operation of the 460 series thyristor unit, disconnect the "Inhibition" input

(terminal 16) from the "+10 V user" voltage (terminal 12).

The "Current limit" input (terminal 14) should be connected to the "+10 V user" voltage.

The "Manual input" (terminal 4) should be connected to terminal 6 "0 V".

460 User Manual 3-13

Cabling

Control of multiple thyristor units

Multiple thyristor unit inputs can be configured in parallel or in series.

For these types of configuration, all the thyristor units must have the same type of firing and the inputs must be configured for the same signal.

Input parallel configuration

The inputs must be configured for voltage.

The input impedance for each thyristor unit is 100 k

.

The current required for each thyristor unit is 0.2 mA at full scale.

+

External control signal

0-5 V;

0-10 V;

1-5 V

5

6

Unit

1

5

6

Unit

2

5

6

Unit

3

0V

Figure 3-8

Input serial configuration

Parallel input configuration

3-14

The inputs must be configured for current.

The input impedance when configured for 0-10 mA is 1 k

.

For 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA inputs, the input impedance is 250

.

At full scale, a voltage of 5 V is needed for each thyristor unit for the 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA inputs (10V for the 0-10 mA input).

+

External control signal

5 5

5

0-5 mA

0-10 mA

0-20 mA

4-20 mA

6

Unit

1

6

Unit

2

6

Unit

3

0V

Figure 3-9 Serial input configuration

460 User Manual

Cabling

Control of multiple thyristor units

Multiple thyristor unit inputs can be configured in parallel or in series.

For these types of configuration, all the thyristor units must have the same type of firing and the inputs must be configured for the same signal.

Input parallel configuration

The inputs must be configured for voltage.

The input impedance for each thyristor unit is 100 k

.

The current required for each thyristor unit is 0.2 mA at full scale.

+

External control signal

0-5 V;

0-10 V;

1-5 V

5

6

Unit

1

5

6

Unit

2

5

6

Unit

3

0V

Figure 3-8

Input serial configuration

Parallel input configuration

The inputs must be configured for current.

The input impedance when configured for 0-10 mA is 1 k

.

For 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA inputs, the input impedance is 250

.

At full scale, a voltage of 5 V is needed for each thyristor unit for the 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA inputs (10V for the 0-10 mA input).

+

External control signal

0-5 mA

0-10 mA

0-20 mA

4-20 mA

5

6

Unit

1

5

6

Unit

2

5

6

Unit

3

0V

Figure 3-9 Serial input configuration

3-14 460 User Manual

Cabling

Manual control configuration

The power thyristor unit can be controlled by an external potentiometer (manual control).

For manual control, the external potentiometer should be connected between terminals

6 ("0 V") and 12 ("+10 V"). The wiper is connected to terminal 4 ("Manual input").

The potentiometers used are from 4.7 k

to 10 k

.

Cabling

Manual control configuration

The power thyristor unit can be controlled by an external potentiometer (manual control).

For manual control, the external potentiometer should be connected between terminals

6 ("0 V") and 12 ("+10 V"). The wiper is connected to terminal 4 ("Manual input").

The potentiometers used are from 4.7 k

to 10 k

.

100%

0%

Potentiometer

4.7 k to 10 K

0V

+10 V

Inhibition

14

16

12

5

6

4

!

Enable

Control terminal block

Figure 3-10 460 thyristor unit manual input

If manual control is used, terminal 5 of the external input must be connected to "0 V".

Attention !

If the input signal is not disconnected from terminal 5, the two signals (external and manual) are added together.

The inhibition circuit should be open (terminal 16 is not connected to terminal 12).

If the current limit is not used, terminals 14 and 12 should be connected together.

460 User Manual 3-15

100%

0%

Potentiometer

4.7 k to 10 K

0V

+10 V

Inhibition

14

16

12

5

6

4

!

Enable

Control terminal block

Figure 3-10 460 thyristor unit manual input

If manual control is used, terminal 5 of the external input must be connected to "0 V".

Attention !

If the input signal is not disconnected from terminal 5, the two signals (external and manual) are added together.

The inhibition circuit should be open (terminal 16 is not connected to terminal 12).

If the current limit is not used, terminals 14 and 12 should be connected together.

460 User Manual 3-15

Cabling

Current limit configuration

The 460 series power thyristor units have 2 types of current limit (see "Operation" chapter):

linear limit (internal limit) and

threshold limit (external limit).

For linear current limit the ratio "Load current / Input signal" can be adjusted by the potentiometer marked "I limit / Limit. I" on the front fascia.

The threshold current limit is a function which is used to limit the load current to a specified

value, independently from the input signal and the linear current limit.

The current limit regulates the square of the RMS load current (I

2

).

The current limit can be used with an external or manual control.

Linear current limit

The linear current limit can be set by the internal voltage available on the control terminal block.

The linear current limit is maintained by connecting terminal 14 of the control terminal block to

"+10 V" (terminal 12).

!

Attention !

The terminals 14 and 12 must be connected together, otherwise the threshold current limit is at zero and the thyristor unit cannot operate.

For linear current limit the ratio "Load current / Input signal" can be adjusted by the potentiometer marked "I limit / Limit.I " on the front fascia.

Cabling

Current limit configuration

The 460 series power thyristor units have 2 types of current limit (see "Operation" chapter):

linear limit (internal limit) and

threshold limit (external limit).

For linear current limit the ratio "Load current / Input signal" can be adjusted by the potentiometer marked "I limit / Limit.I " on the front fascia.

The threshold current limit is a function which is used to limit the load current to a specified

value, independently from the input signal and the linear current limit.

The current limit regulates the square of the RMS load current (I

2

).

The current limit can be used with an external or manual control.

Linear current limit

The linear current limit can be set by the internal voltage available on the control terminal block.

The linear current limit is maintained by connecting terminal 14 of the control terminal block to

"+10 V" (terminal 12).

!

Attention !

The terminals 14 and 12 must be connected together, otherwise the threshold current limit is at zero and the thyristor unit cannot operate.

For linear current limit the ratio "Load current / Input signal" can be adjusted by the potentiometer marked "I limit / Limit.I " on the front fascia.

3-16 460 User Manual 3-16 460 User Manual

Cabling

Threshold current limit

The threshold current limit can be adjusted in 2 different ways:

• by an external voltage,

• by an external potentiometer.

External voltage adjustment

For the threshold limit, an external 0-10 V voltage should be connected between terminals 14

("Current limit") and 6 ("0 V"), terminal 14 is positive.

Cabling

Threshold current limit

The threshold current limit can be adjusted in 2 different ways:

• by an external voltage,

• by an external potentiometer.

External voltage adjustment

For the threshold limit, an external 0-10 V voltage should be connected between terminals 14

("Current limit") and 6 ("0 V"), terminal 14 is positive.

External control signal

+

0V

External current limit voltage

+

+10 V

Inhibition

5

6

4

12

14

16

Enable

Control terminal block

Figure 3-11 External voltage configuration for the threshold current limit

If the external current limit is not used, terminals 14 and 12 must be connected together, otherwise the threshold current limit is at zero and the thyristor unit cannot operate.

460 User Manual 3-17

External control signal

+

0V

External current limit voltage

+

+10 V

Inhibition

5

6

4

12

14

16

Enable

Control terminal block

Figure 3-11 External voltage configuration for the threshold current limit

If the external current limit is not used, terminals 14 and 12 must be connected together, otherwise the threshold current limit is at zero and the thyristor unit cannot operate.

460 User Manual 3-17

Cabling

Potentiometer adjustment

For the threshold current limit, it is possible to use an external potentiometer.

This 10 k

potentiometer should be connected between terminals 6 ("0 V") and 12 ("+10 V") of the control terminal block.

The wiper should be connected to terminal 14 ("Current limit").

Cabling

Potentiometer adjustment

For the threshold current limit, it is possible to use an external potentiometer.

This 10 k

potentiometer should be connected between terminals 6 ("0 V") and 12 ("+10 V") of the control terminal block.

The wiper should be connected to terminal 14 ("Current limit").

3-18

+ External signal

Min. current

10 k potentiometer

Max. current

0V

+10 V

Inhibition

12

14

16

4

5

6

Enable

Control terminal block

Figure 3-12 External potentiometer configuration for the threshold current limit

460 User Manual 3-18

+ External signal

Min. current

10 k potentiometer

Max. current

0V

+10 V

Inhibition

12

14

16

4

5

6

Enable

Control terminal block

Figure 3-12 External potentiometer configuration for the threshold current limit

460 User Manual

Cabling

Retransmission signal configuration

The load current and voltage images are available on the control terminal block.

• The voltage image is available between terminals 15 ("Load voltage") and 6 ("0 V").

The voltage image is retransmitted as a full wave rectified signal produced from the

electronics power supply.

The value of this signal is 4.3 V mean for the nominal voltage.

• The current image is retransmitted as a full wave rectified signal.

This signal is available between terminals 3 and 6 ("0V").

The "current image" retransmission signal is proportional to the load current.

The value of the retransmitted signal is 4.8 V mean (approximately) for the nominal current of the thyristor unit in full firing.

Figure 3-13

Current image output

Voltage image output

+

+

Control

+

0V

+10 V

14

15

16

12

5

6

3

4

Inhibition

Enable

Control terminal block

Retransmission signal configuration

460 User Manual

Cabling

Retransmission signal configuration

The load current and voltage images are available on the control terminal block.

• The voltage image is available between terminals 15 ("Load voltage") and 6 ("0 V").

The voltage image is retransmitted as a full wave rectified signal produced from the

electronics power supply.

The value of this signal is 4.3 V mean for the nominal voltage.

• The current image is retransmitted as a full wave rectified signal.

This signal is available between terminals 3 and 6 ("0V").

The "current image" retransmission signal is proportional to the load current.

The value of the retransmitted signal is 4.8 V mean (approximately) for the nominal current of the thyristor unit in full firing.

3-19

Figure 3-13

Current image output

Voltage image output

+

+

Control

+

0V

+10 V

14

15

16

12

5

6

3

4

Inhibition

Enable

Control terminal block

Retransmission signal configuration

460 User Manual 3-19

Cabling

Inhibition

Inhibition means that the thyristors cannot fire whatever the control signal. The inhibition input is available between terminal 16 and terminal 6 ("0 V"). The inhibition is operative when a dc voltage is applied to terminal 16.

The inhibition signal must be between 4 V and 32 V relative to terminal 6 ("0 V"). The inhibition can be performed by connecting terminal 16 to terminal 12 ("+10 V") on the same control terminal block. To prevent the activation of the inhibition, terminal 16 (Inhibit input) should not be connected or alternatively apply a dc voltage of between -2 V and 1 V.

Control

+

ÒSlave firingÓ output

+

0V

+10 V

13

14

15

16

12

4

5

6

3

Inhibition

Enable

Figure 3-14 "Inhibition" and "Slave firing output" terminals on the control terminal block

"Slave firing" output

3-20

The logic signal (10 Vdc ; 10 mA max.) available between terminals 13 ("Slave firing output") and 6 ("0 V"), is used to drive solid state contactors.

The capacity of this output is characterised by the number of "Slaves", as follows:

• one 450 series solid state contactor, standard input

• four 450 series solid state contactors, TTL inputs in parallel

• four 450 series solid state contactors, "Multi-control" inputs in series.

460 User Manual

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Inhibition

Inhibition means that the thyristors cannot fire whatever the control signal. The inhibition input is available between terminal 16 and terminal 6 ("0 V"). The inhibition is operative when a dc voltage is applied to terminal 16.

The inhibition signal must be between 4 V and 32 V relative to terminal 6 ("0 V"). The inhibition can be performed by connecting terminal 16 to terminal 12 ("+10 V") on the same control terminal block. To prevent the activation of the inhibition, terminal 16 (Inhibit input) should not be connected or alternatively apply a dc voltage of between -2 V and 1 V.

ÒSlave firingÓ output

+

Control

+

0V

+10 V

12

13

14

15

16

4

5

6

3

Inhibition

Enable

Figure 3-14 "Inhibition" and "Slave firing output" terminals on the control terminal block

"Slave firing" output

The logic signal (10 Vdc ; 10 mA max.) available between terminals 13 ("Slave firing output") and 6 ("0 V"), is used to drive solid state contactors.

The capacity of this output is characterised by the number of "Slaves", as follows:

• one 450 series solid state contactor, standard input

• four 450 series solid state contactors, TTL inputs in parallel

• four 450 series solid state contactors, "Multi-control" inputs in series.

3-20 460 User Manual

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SINGLE-PHASE LOAD WIRING DIAGRAM

The load current passes through the power terminals "L" (Line) and « » (Load).

The other load end is either connected to the neutral or the 2nd phase of the supply, depending on the power configuration. The terminal "L" must be connected to the line of the supply.

It is essential to comply with this configuration in order to avoid incorrect operation.

The 51 to 53 terminals must be connected depending on the supply voltage (see page 3-6).

Line

~230 V

Line protection and main circuit breaker

(user installation)

L1

Voltage other than 230 V

Neutral

PLF switch

1 A fuse

L2

External fuse for

150 A

51 52 53

13

14

15

16

9

10

11

12

7

8

5

6

3

4

1

2

41 42 51 52 53

Cabling

SINGLE-PHASE LOAD WIRING DIAGRAM

The load current passes through the power terminals "L" (Line) and « » (Load).

The other load end is either connected to the neutral or the 2nd phase of the supply, depending on the power configuration. The terminal "L" must be connected to the line of the supply.

It is essential to comply with this configuration in order to avoid incorrect operation.

The 51 to 53 terminals must be connected depending on the supply voltage (see page 3-6).

Line

~230 V

Line protection and main circuit breaker

(user installation)

Neutral

PLF switch

L2

1 A fuse

L1

Voltage other than 230 V

External fuse for

150 A

51 52 53

13

14

15

16

9

10

11

12

7

8

5

6

3

4

1

2

41 42 51 52 53

L

Control cable

Load

Safety earth

Figure 3-15 460 thyristor unit single-phase configuration, controlled by an external signal

460 User Manual 3-21

L

Control cable

Load

Safety earth

Figure 3-15 460 thyristor unit single-phase configuration, controlled by an external signal

460 User Manual 3-21

Cabling

THREE-PHASE LOAD WIRING DIAGRAMS

Although the 460 series thyristor units are single-phase units, they can be used to control threephase units. In three-phase operation, the configuration of the power and the electronics power supply voltages is determined by the load type and configuration.

Three-phase configurations use 460 series thyristor units or 460 thyristors which drive the 450 series solid state contactors in "Master-Slave" operation.

Important !

• Three-phase operation of three 460 power thyristor units is only possible for a load in a star

with neutral (4 wire configuration) or an open delta (6 wire configuration). It is preferable to use a three-phase Eurotherm TC3001 series thyristor unit.

• In the case of a 3 wire configuration (load in start without neutral or in closed delta), it is not possible to control the three phases with 460 thyristor units.

Instead use a 460 thyristor unit ("Master") and two 450 solid state contactors ("Slaves").

• In three-phase "Master-Slave" operation, only "Burst" thyristor firing modes (Single cycle, fast or slow) without soft start or end are possible.

• It is essential to supply the control electronics with a voltage which is in phase with the supply voltage for the loads and the thyristors.

Cabling

THREE-PHASE LOAD WIRING DIAGRAMS

Although the 460 series thyristor units are single-phase units, they can be used to control threephase units. In three-phase operation, the configuration of the power and the electronics power supply voltages is determined by the load type and configuration.

Three-phase configurations use 460 series thyristor units or 460 thyristors which drive the 450 series solid state contactors in "Master-Slave" operation.

Important !

• Three-phase operation of three 460 power thyristor units is only possible for a load in a star

with neutral (4 wire configuration) or an open delta (6 wire configuration). It is preferable to use a three-phase Eurotherm TC3001 series thyristor unit.

• In the case of a 3 wire configuration (load in start without neutral or in closed delta), it is not possible to control the three phases with 460 thyristor units.

Instead use a 460 thyristor unit ("Master") and two 450 solid state contactors ("Slaves").

• In three-phase "Master-Slave" operation, only "Burst" thyristor firing modes (Single cycle, fast or slow) without soft start or end are possible.

• It is essential to supply the control electronics with a voltage which is in phase with the supply voltage for the loads and the thyristors.

3-22 460 User Manual 3-22 460 User Manual

Cabling

Cabling

The choice of the three-phase configuration can be made according to the guidelines in the following table.

Load type

Low temperature coefficient

Type of configuration

Star with neutral

Open delta

"Unit-Load" connection

Direct

3 single-phase transformers

Three-phase transformer

Direct Star without neutral

Closed delta

Closed delta Three-phase transformer

High temperature coefficient

Star with neutral

Open delta

Direct or

3 single-phase transformers

Three-phase transformer

Three-phase configuration

One 460 thyristor unit plus two 450 solid state contactors

("Master-Slave")

Three 460 thyristor units or one TC3001 series three-phase thyristor unit

One TC3001 series three-phase thyristor unit

One 460 thyristor unit plus one two-phase control.

450 solid state contactor

("Master-Slave")

One TC 3001 series three-phase thyristor unit or one TC2001 series thyristor unit in two-phase control

Three 460 thyristor units

(in phase angle with current limit) or one TC3001 three-phase thyristor unit

One TC3001 thyristor unit

Table 3-4 Possible three-phase configurations

460 User Manual 3-23 460 User Manual

The choice of the three-phase configuration can be made according to the guidelines in the following table.

Load type

Low temperature coefficient

Type of configuration

Star with neutral

Open delta

"Unit-Load" connection

Direct

3 single-phase transformers

Three-phase transformer

Direct Star without neutral

Closed delta

Closed delta Three-phase transformer

High temperature coefficient

Star with neutral

Open delta

Direct or

3 single-phase transformers

Three-phase transformer

Three-phase configuration

One 460 thyristor unit plus two 450 solid state contactors

("Master-Slave")

Three 460 thyristor units or one TC3001 series three-phase thyristor unit

One TC3001 series three-phase thyristor unit

One 460 thyristor unit plus one two-phase control.

450 solid state contactor

("Master-Slave")

One TC 3001 series three-phase thyristor unit or one TC2001 series thyristor unit in two-phase control

Three 460 thyristor units

(in phase angle with current limit) or one TC3001 three-phase thyristor unit

One TC3001 thyristor unit

Table 3-4 Possible three-phase configurations

3-23

Cabling

The "Slave" logic output signal is provided on the control terminal block of the 460 for

"Master-Slave" operation with solid state contactors.

The connection of the reference voltage for 450 series solid state contactors is described in the

"450 User Manual" (Part N

°

HA 174910 ENG).

!

Attention !

For two phase control of a 3 phase application (460 'Master' and 450 'Slave') and with 450 series PLF option, auxiliary supply voltage must be the same as 3 phase line-to-line voltage

The inputs of the 450 solid state contactors should be configured for 10 V logic signals and connected in parallel or in series.

!

Attention !

In the case of loads with high temperature coefficients connected in a star with neutral, the current in the neutral can be up to 1.7 times higher than the current in the phases, as the current in the phases is limited by the current limit of each thyristor unit.

For correct operation of 460 series thyristor units, it is important to comply with the power and electronics power supply connections shown on figures 3-16 to 3-19.

Cabling

The "Slave" logic output signal is provided on the control terminal block of the 460 for

"Master-Slave" operation with solid state contactors.

The connection of the reference voltage for 450 series solid state contactors is described in the

"450 User Manual" (Part N

°

HA 174910 ENG).

!

Attention !

For two phase control of a 3 phase application (460 'Master' and 450 'Slave') and with 450 series PLF option, auxiliary supply voltage must be the same as 3 phase line-to-line voltage

The inputs of the 450 solid state contactors should be configured for 10 V logic signals and connected in parallel or in series.

!

Attention !

In the case of loads with high temperature coefficients connected in a star with neutral, the current in the neutral can be up to 1.7 times higher than the current in the phases, as the current in the phases is limited by the current limit of each thyristor unit.

For correct operation of 460 series thyristor units, it is important to comply with the power and electronics power supply connections shown on figures 3-16 to 3-19.

3-24 460 User Manual 3-24 460 User Manual

Cabling

Load in star without neutral or in closed delta (2 phase control)

For three-phase loads connected in star with neutral or in closed delta (3 wire configuration), the use of 2 phase control is recommended.

One phase of the supply is direct (not controlled).

In the 2 controlled phases, a 460 thyristor unit operating as the "Master" (the logic control output - terminal 13) and a "Slave" 450 solid state contactor should be connected.

Line protection and main circuit breaker (user installation)

L 1

L 2

L 3

1A Fuses

1A Fuses

Control of the 460

+

0V common

12

13

14

15

16

8

9

10

11

3

4

1

2

5

6

7

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

(ÒMasterÓ)

5

6

51 52 53

450 series solid state contactor

(ÒSlaveÓ)

L

L

Cabling

Load in star without neutral or in closed delta (2 phase control)

For three-phase loads connected in star with neutral or in closed delta (3 wire configuration), the use of 2 phase control is recommended.

One phase of the supply is direct (not controlled).

In the 2 controlled phases, a 460 thyristor unit operating as the "Master" (the logic control output - terminal 13) and a "Slave" 450 solid state contactor should be connected.

Line protection and main circuit breaker (user installation)

L 1

L 2

L 3

1A Fuses

1A Fuses

Control of the 460

+

0V common

12

13

14

15

16

8

9

10

11

3

4

1

2

5

6

7

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

(ÒMasterÓ)

5

6

51 52 53

450 series solid state contactor

(ÒSlaveÓ)

L

L

Three-phase load in

or Y

(3 wire configuration)

Figure 3-16 2 phase control configuration of a thyristor unit and a solid state contactor

(PLF option, fan cooled); 380 V supply

460 User Manual 3-25

Three-phase load in

or Y

(3 wire configuration)

Figure 3-16 2 phase control configuration of a thyristor unit and a solid state contactor

(PLF option, fan cooled); 380 V supply

460 User Manual 3-25

Cabling

EMC filter connection (2 phase control)

For two phase control application (three-phase loads connected in star with neutral or in closed delta) use the EMC external series three-phase filter.

The Eurotherm filter ordering codes see page III.

L 1

L 2

L 3

Line protection

User installation

Main circuit breaker

EMC FILTER

11 21

12

13

24

14

22

23

1A Fuses

1A Fuses

51 52 53

5

6

13

460 series thyristor unit

(ÒMasterÓ)

51 52 53

5

6

450 series solid state contactor

(ÒSlaveÓ)

Cabling

EMC filter connection (2 phase control)

For two phase control application (three-phase loads connected in star with neutral or in closed delta) use the EMC external series three-phase filter.

The Eurotherm filter ordering codes see page III.

L 1

L 2

L 3

Line protection

User installation

EMC FILTER

11 21

12

13

14

24

22

23

Main circuit breaker

1A Fuses

1A Fuses

51 52 53

5

6

13

460 series thyristor unit

(ÒMasterÓ)

51 52 53

5

6

450 series solid state contactor

(ÒSlaveÓ)

L

L

L

L

3-26

Three-phase load in

or Y

(3 wire configuration)

Figure 3-17 Two-phase control power configuration with the EMC series three-phase filtre

(PLF option, fan cooled); 380 V supply

460 User Manual 3-26

Three-phase load in

or Y

(3 wire configuration)

Figure 3-17 Two-phase control power configuration with the EMC series three-phase filtre

(PLF option, fan cooled); 380 V supply

460 User Manual

Cabling

Load in star with neutral

L 1

L 2

L 3

N

Line protection and main circuit breaker (user installation)

1A Fuse

Control of the 460

+

0V common

14

15

16

8

9

10

11

12

13

3

4

1

2

5

6

7

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

(ÒMasterÓ)

5

6

450 series solid state contactor

(ÒSlaveÓ)

L

L

5

6

450 series solid state contactor

(ÒSlaveÓ)

L

Three phase load in star with neutral configuration

Figure 3-18 Configuration of a 460 thyristor unit ("Master") and two 450 solid state contactors ("Slaves")

Without PLF option, non-fan-cooled; voltage 230 V

460 User Manual

Cabling

Load in star with neutral

L 1

L 2

L 3

N

Line protection and main circuit breaker (user installation)

1A Fuse

Control of the 460

+

0V common

7

8

9

5

6

3

4

1

2

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

(ÒMasterÓ)

5

6

450 series solid state contactor

(ÒSlaveÓ)

L

L

5

6

450 series solid state contactor

(ÒSlaveÓ)

L

Three phase load in star with neutral configuration

Figure 3-18 Configuration of a 460 thyristor unit ("Master") and two 450 solid state contactors ("Slaves")

Without PLF option, non-fan-cooled; voltage 230 V

3-27 460 User Manual 3-27

Cabling

Load in open delta

For the open delta load configuration (6 wire configuration) three 460 series power thyristor units can be used, in all available firing modes.

The power configuration shown in the figure below must be observed.

Danger !

The thyristor units and the electronics voltage circuits are at the line-to-line voltage.

Line protection and main circuit breaker (user installation)

L 1

L 2

L 3

1A Fuses

Control signal

+

0V common

5

6

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

5

6

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

5

6

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

Cabling

Load in open delta

For the open delta load configuration (6 wire configuration) three 460 series power thyristor units can be used, in all available firing modes.

The power configuration shown in the figure below must be observed.

Danger !

The thyristor units and the electronics voltage circuits are at the line-to-line voltage.

Line protection and main circuit breaker (user installation)

L 1

L 2

L 3

1A Fuses

Control signal

+

0V common

5

6

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

5

6

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

5

6

51 52 53

460 series thyristor unit

L

L

Three-phase load

Open delta

6 wire configuration

L L

L

Three-phase load

Open delta

6 wire configuration

L

Figure 3-19 Wiring diagram for three 460 thyristor units in "Open delta" (380 V supply)

3-28 460 User Manual

Figure 3-19 Wiring diagram for three 460 thyristor units in "Open delta" (380 V supply)

3-28 460 User Manual

Configuration

Chapter 4

CONFIGURATION

Contents page

Safety during configuration ................................................... 4-2

Configuration of the driver board ........................................... 4-3

Input type ........................................................................... 4-5

Automatic input (external signal) ..................................... 4-5

Manual input .................................................................... 4-5

Thyristor firing mode ........................................................ 4-6

Frequency ....................................................................... 4-6

Configuration

Chapter 4

CONFIGURATION

Contents page

Safety during configuration ................................................... 4-2

Configuration of the driver board ........................................... 4-3

Input type ........................................................................... 4-5

Automatic input (external signal) ..................................... 4-5

Manual input .................................................................... 4-5

Thyristor firing mode ........................................................ 4-6

Frequency ....................................................................... 4-6

460 User Manual 4-1 460 User Manual 4-1

Configuration

Chapter 4 CONFIGURATION

SAFETY DURING CONFIGURATION

The thyristor unit is configured using miniature switches and mobile jumpers located on the driverboard.

!

Important !

The unit is supplied fully configured in accordance with the code on the identification label.

This chapter is included in order to

• check that the configuration is compatible with the application

• modify, if necessary, certain characteristics of the unit on-site.

Danger !

For safety reasons, the reconfiguration of the thyristor unit using jumpers must be performed with the unit switched off and by qualified personnel only.

Before starting the reconfiguration procedure, check that the thyristor unit is insulated and that an occasional power-up is impossible.

After the reconfiguration of the unit, correct the codes on the identification label to prevent any maintenance problems later.

4-2 460 User Manual 4-2

Configuration

Chapter 4 CONFIGURATION

SAFETY DURING CONFIGURATION

The thyristor unit is configured using miniature switches and mobile jumpers located on the driverboard.

!

Important !

The unit is supplied fully configured in accordance with the code on the identification label.

This chapter is included in order to

• check that the configuration is compatible with the application

• modify, if necessary, certain characteristics of the unit on-site.

Danger !

For safety reasons, the reconfiguration of the thyristor unit using jumpers must be performed with the unit switched off and by qualified personnel only.

Before starting the reconfiguration procedure, check that the thyristor unit is insulated and that an occasional power-up is impossible.

After the reconfiguration of the unit, correct the codes on the identification label to prevent any maintenance problems later.

460 User Manual

Configuration

CONFIGURATION OF THE DRIVER BOARD

The 460 series thyristor units are fitted with a strip of miniature switches and two jumpers used to select :

• the input type

• the desired thyristor firing mode

• the frequency used (50 or 60 Hz).

These miniature switches and the configuration jumpers are located on the driver board.

Configuration

CONFIGURATION OF THE DRIVER BOARD

The 460 series thyristor units are fitted with a strip of miniature switches and two jumpers used to select :

• the input type

• the desired thyristor firing mode

• the frequency used (50 or 60 Hz).

These miniature switches and the configuration jumpers are located on the driver board.

Configuration jumpers

PLF detection :

Light indicator

Setting

Test button

LED

Miniature configuration switches

0

1

J2

0

1

J1

Current limit adjustment

Potentiometer

P4

SW1

P4

3

2

5

4

8

7

6

REL

Diagnostic socked

Figure 4-1 Location of the configuration elements on the driver board of the 460 thyristor unit.

460 User Manual 4-3

Figure 4-1 Location of the configuration elements on the driver board of the 460 thyristor unit.

460 User Manual 4-3

Configuration

Configuration

Potentiometer P4

Adjustment of the firing delay or the soft start ramp

Driver board

SW 1

2

1

4

3

6

5

8

7

Miniature configuration switches

4-4

Figure 4-2 Location of the miniature switches (rear view)

The positions of the miniature switches correspond to:

1 - switch lowered (ON position)

0 - switch raised.

Unless otherwise specified in the order, the thyristor units are delivered with the following configuration:

• the input configured for 4-20 mA

• the thyristor firing mode set to firing angle variation (Phase angle)

• frequency 50 Hz

• the thyristor firing delay potentiometer set to the maximum : maximum start ramp (resistive load) and 90

°

firing delay (inductive load).

460 User Manual 4-4

Figure 4-2 Location of the miniature switches (rear view)

The positions of the miniature switches correspond to:

1 - switch lowered (ON position)

0 - switch raised.

Unless otherwise specified in the order, the thyristor units are delivered with the following configuration:

• the input configured for 4-20 mA

• the thyristor firing mode set to firing angle variation (Phase angle)

• frequency 50 Hz

• the thyristor firing delay potentiometer set to the maximum : maximum start ramp (resistive load) and 90

°

firing delay (inductive load).

460 User Manual

Configuration

Input type

The input signal type is configured by miniature switches 1 to 4.

In tables 4-1 to 4-4, the 1 indicates the lowered position of the switch (ON position).

Automatic input (external signal)

Automatic external input signal

Position of the miniature switches

1 2 3

0-5 V

0-10 V

1-5 V

0-5 mA

0-10 mA

1-5 mA

0-20 mA

4-20 mA

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

1

Table 4-1 Configuration of the automatic input

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

Manual input

The manual input range controlled by the external potentiometer (the wiper is connected to terminal 4)depends on the configuration of the automatic input.

Position of the miniature switches

1 2

0

1

0

0

0

1

Manual

input range

0-5 V

0-10 V

1,25 V - 6,25 V

Table 4-2 Configuration of the manual input

460 User Manual 4-5

Configuration

Input type

The input signal type is configured by miniature switches 1 to 4.

In tables 4-1 to 4-4, the 1 indicates the lowered position of the switch (ON position).

Automatic input (external signal)

Automatic external input signal

Position of the miniature switches

1 2 3

0-5 V

0-10 V

1-5 V

0-5 mA

0-10 mA

1-5 mA

0-20 mA

4-20 mA

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

1

Table 4-1 Configuration of the automatic input

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

4

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

Manual input

The manual input range controlled by the external potentiometer (the wiper is connected to terminal 4)depends on the configuration of the automatic input.

Position of the miniature switches

1 2

0

1

0

0

0

1

460 User Manual

Manual

input range

0-5 V

0-10 V

1,25 V - 6,25 V

Table 4-2 Configuration of the manual input

4-5

Configuration

Thyristor firing mode

The thyristor firing modes available for the 460 series power thyristor units can be configured by miniature switches 5 to 7 and by two jumpers J1 and J2 located on the driver board.

Thyristor firing mode

Firing angle variation

Single cycle

Fast cycle

Slow cycle

1

1

Position

Miniature switches

5 6 7

0 0 0

1

0

1

1

Fast cycle with soft start

Slow cycle with soft start

Fast cycle with soft start and end

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1 1

Slow cycle with soft start and end 1 1

Table 4-3 Configuration of the firing mode

"-" in table 4-3 indicates that the jumper position is irrelevant.

1

0

0

0

Frequency

The frequency used is determined by miniature switch 8.

Frequency Position of miniature switch 8

50 Hz

60 Hz

1

0

Table 4-4 Configuration of the supply frequency used

0

0

1

Jumpers

J1 J2

0 -

-

-

-

0

1

0

1

1

1

0

0

4-6 460 User Manual

Configuration

Thyristor firing mode

The thyristor firing modes available for the 460 series power thyristor units can be configured by miniature switches 5 to 7 and by two jumpers J1 and J2 located on the driver board.

Thyristor firing mode

Firing angle variation

Single cycle

Fast cycle

Slow cycle

1

1

Position

Miniature switches

5 6 7

0 0 0

1

0

1

1

Fast cycle with soft start

Slow cycle with soft start

Fast cycle with soft start and end

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1 1

Slow cycle with soft start and end 1 1

Table 4-3 Configuration of the firing mode

"-" in table 4-3 indicates that the jumper position is irrelevant.

1

0

0

0

Frequency

The frequency used is determined by miniature switch 8.

Frequency Position of miniature switch 8

50 Hz

60 Hz

1

0

Table 4-4 Configuration of the supply frequency used

0

0

1

Jumpers

J1 J2

0 -

-

-

-

0

1

0

1

1

1

0

0

4-6 460 User Manual

460 User Manual

Operation

Chapter 5

OPERATION

Contents page

Thyristor firing modes ....................................................................... 5-2

General ........................................................................................ 5-2

"Phase angle" mode .................................................................... 5-2

"Burst firing" mode ....................................................................... 5-3

"Single cycle" mode ................................................................. 5-3

Modulation period ..................................................................... 5-4

Soft start / end .......................................................................... 5-5

Over-current elimination for the inductive load ............................ 5-6

Control .............................................................................................. 5-7

Feedback function ........................................................................ 5-7

Supply voltage variation compensation ....................................... 5-8

Selective trigger pulse locking ..................................................... 5-9

Current limit ..................................................................................... 5-10

Linear current limit ..................................................................... 5-10

Threshold current limit ............................................................... 5-11

Partial load failure detection ............................................................ 5-12

Retransmission ............................................................................... 5-13

Load current image ................................................................ 5-13

Load voltage image ................................................................ 5-13

Inhibition .......................................................................................... 5-14

"Master-Slave" operation ................................................................ 5-14

Operation

Chapter 5

OPERATION

Contents page

Thyristor firing modes ....................................................................... 5-2

General ........................................................................................ 5-2

"Phase angle" mode .................................................................... 5-2

"Burst firing" mode ....................................................................... 5-3

"Single cycle" mode ................................................................. 5-3

Modulation period ..................................................................... 5-4

Soft start / end .......................................................................... 5-5

Over-current elimination for the inductive load ............................ 5-6

Control .............................................................................................. 5-7

Feedback function ........................................................................ 5-7

Supply voltage variation compensation ....................................... 5-8

Selective trigger pulse locking ..................................................... 5-9

Current limit ..................................................................................... 5-10

Linear current limit ..................................................................... 5-10

Threshold current limit ............................................................... 5-11

Partial load failure detection ............................................................ 5-12

Retransmission ............................................................................... 5-13

Load current image ................................................................ 5-13

Load voltage image ................................................................ 5-13

Inhibition .......................................................................................... 5-14

"Master-Slave" operation ................................................................ 5-14

5-1 460 User Manual 5-1

Operation

Chapter 5 OPERATION

THYRISTOR FIRING MODES

General

The 460 series thyristor units have the following thyristor firing modes:

• Phase angle

• Burst ("fast", "slow" or "single cycle") with or without soft start

(start and end).

They can be reconfigured by the user as described in the "Configuration" chapter.

"Phase angle" mode

In "Phase angle" mode, the power transmitted to the load is controlled by firing the thyristors for a part of the supply voltage alternation (see figure 5-1).

The firing angle (

Θ

) varies in the same direction as the input signal with the control system.

The power emitted is not a linear function of the firing angle.

5-2

Figure 5-1 "Phase angle" firing mode

460 User Manual

Operation

Chapter 5 OPERATION

THYRISTOR FIRING MODES

General

The 460 series thyristor units have the following thyristor firing modes:

• Phase angle

• Burst ("fast", "slow" or "single cycle") with or without soft start

(start and end).

They can be reconfigured by the user as described in the "Configuration" chapter.

"Phase angle" mode

In "Phase angle" mode, the power transmitted to the load is controlled by firing the thyristors for a part of the supply voltage alternation (see figure 5-1).

The firing angle (

Θ

) varies in the same direction as the input signal with the control system.

The power emitted is not a linear function of the firing angle.

Supply voltage

Resistive load voltage

θ

ω t

π

θ

Supply voltage

Inductive load voltage

ω t

π

θ

Figure 5-1 "Phase angle" firing mode

5-2 460 User Manual

Operation

"Burst firing" mode

The "Burst firing" mode is a proportional cycle which consists of supplying a series of

complete supply cycles to the load.

Thyristor firing and non-firing are synchronised with the supply and are performed at zero

voltage for a resistive load.

This firing eliminates the steep fronts of the supply voltage applied to the load, does not

produce interference on the supply and, in particular, prevents the generation of parasites.

In the "Burst firing" thyristor firing mode, the power supplied to the load depends on firing periods T

F

and non-firing periods T

NF

. The load power is proportional to the firing rate

τ

and is defined by the ratio of the thyristor firing period ( T

F

) and the modulation period

(T

M

= T

F

+ T

NF

).

The firing rate (or cyclic ratio) is expressed by the following ratio:

T

F

τ

=

T

F

+ T

NF

The load power can be expressed by: where P

MAX

P =

τ

. P

MAX

represents the load power during thyristor firing.

Figure 5-2 Periods of a burst firing cycle

"Single cycle" mode

The "Burst firing" mode with a single firing or non-firing period is called the "Single cycle" mode.

460 User Manual 5-3

Operation

"Burst firing" mode

The "Burst firing" mode is a proportional cycle which consists of supplying a series of

complete supply cycles to the load.

Thyristor firing and non-firing are synchronised with the supply and are performed at zero

voltage for a resistive load.

This firing eliminates the steep fronts of the supply voltage applied to the load, does not

produce interference on the supply and, in particular, prevents the generation of parasites.

In the "Burst firing" thyristor firing mode, the power supplied to the load depends on firing periods T

F

and non-firing periods T

NF

. The load power is proportional to the firing rate

τ

and is defined by the ratio of the thyristor firing period ( T

F

) and the modulation period

(T

M

= T

F

+ T

NF

).

The firing rate (or cyclic ratio) is expressed by the following ratio:

T

F

τ

=

T

F

+ T

NF

The load power can be expressed by: where P

P =

τ

. P

MAX

MAX

represents the load power during thyristor firing.

Load voltage t

0

T

F

T

NF

T

M

Figure 5-2 Periods of a burst firing cycle

"Single cycle" mode

The "Burst firing" mode with a single firing or non-firing period is called the "Single cycle" mode.

460 User Manual 5-3

Operation

Modulation period

The modulation period in "Burst firing" mode is variable according to the output power. Due to this type of feedback, the 460 unit possesses adjustment precision adapted to each specific setpoint zone:

• At 50 % power, the typical value of the modulation period is:

- 0.8 s for the "Fast" cycle

- 8 s for the "Slow" cycle.

• For a zone below 50 % of the maximum setpoint, the firing period decreases and the modulation period increases.

• For a power zone above 50 %, the non-firing period decreases as the modulation period increases.

For example, in the "Fast" cycle:

• for 5 % power, T

F

= 260 ms, T

M

= 5 s

• for 90 % power , T

F

= 2.2 s, T

M

= 2.5 s.

5-4

Figure 5-3 Modulation period as a function of power ("Fast" cycle)

460 User Manual

Operation

Modulation period

The modulation period in "Burst firing" mode is variable according to the output power. Due to this type of feedback, the 460 unit possesses adjustment precision adapted to each specific setpoint zone:

• At 50 % power, the typical value of the modulation period is:

- 0.8 s for the "Fast" cycle

- 8 s for the "Slow" cycle.

• For a zone below 50 % of the maximum setpoint, the firing period decreases and the modulation period increases.

• For a power zone above 50 %, the non-firing period decreases as the modulation period

For example, in the "Fast" cycle:

• for 5 % power, T

F

= 260 ms, T

M

= 5 s

• for 90 % power , T

F

= 2.2 s, T

M

= 2.5 s.

5-4

12 s

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10 s

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8 s

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6 s

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4 s

AAAAAAAAA

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2 s

AAAAAAAAA

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T

AAAAAAAAAA

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Figure 5-3 Modulation period as a function of power ("Fast" cycle)

460 User Manual

Operation

Soft start / end

Soft operation (start or start and end) can be configured in the "Slow cycle" and "Fast cycle"

Burst firing modes.

The soft start duration (Tss ) is the time taken for the thyristor unit output power to change from 0% to 100% by varying the thyristor firing angle from 0 to full firing.

The soft end duration (Tse) is the time take for the thyristor unit output power to change from

100% to 0% by varying the thyristor firing angle from full firing to 0.

Operation

Soft start / end

Soft operation (start or start and end) can be configured in the "Slow cycle" and "Fast cycle"

Burst firing modes.

The soft start duration (Tss ) is the time taken for the thyristor unit output power to change from 0% to 100% by varying the thyristor firing angle from 0 to full firing.

The soft end duration (Tse) is the time take for the thyristor unit output power to change from

100% to 0% by varying the thyristor firing angle from full firing to 0.

Figure 5-4 Soft start and end in burst firing mode

The duration of the soft start (and end) can be adjusted from 0 to 250 ms by the potentiometer on the driver board (See "Commissioning" chapter).

The soft end time (Tse) is not included in the firing period (TF), but all the power sent to the load is taken into account in the feedback.

After the soft start by thyristor firing angle variation, the thyristor unit remains in full firing during the firing time.

Note

: For soft starts of loads with very high resistance variations as a function of temperature

(e.g.: Kanthal Super), use the Special 677, which has an increased start time.

460 User Manual 5-5

Soft start with increase in the firing angle

Soft end with decrease in the firing angle

Full firing t

Tss

Tse

T f

Figure 5-4 Soft start and end in burst firing mode

The duration of the soft start (and end) can be adjusted from 0 to 250 ms by the potentiometer on the driver board (See "Commissioning" chapter).

The soft end time (Tse) is not included in the firing period (TF), but all the power sent to the load is taken into account in the feedback.

After the soft start by thyristor firing angle variation, the thyristor unit remains in full firing during the firing time.

Note

: For soft starts of loads with very high resistance variations as a function of temperature

(e.g.: Kanthal Super), use the Special 677, which has an increased start time.

460 User Manual 5-5

Operation

Over-current elimination for the inductive load

The "Fast cycle" and "Slow cycle" Burst firing modes, composed of whole periods, start at zero voltage for purely resistive loads.

For inductive non saturable loads, in Single cycle and Burst mode without soft start, firing at zero voltage generates transient operation which could, in certain cases, induce the appearance of over-currents (figure 5-5,a) and a blow-out of the high speed fuse

(thyristor protection).

To prevent this over-current, the first firing of the thyristors for non-saturable inductive loads can be delayed with reference to the corresponding zero voltage (figure 5-5,b).

The optimum delay angle (

φ

) must be adjusted with the potentiometer on the driver board

(see adjustment) as a function of the load (max. delay 90

°

).

5-6 a) b)

Figure 5-5 Inductive load switching at zero voltage (a) and with delay angle (b)

This firing mode is not suitable for saturable loads (transformer primaries).

460 User Manual

Operation

Over-current elimination for the inductive load

The "Fast cycle" and "Slow cycle" Burst firing modes, composed of whole periods, start at zero voltage for purely resistive loads.

For inductive non saturable loads, in Single cycle and Burst mode without soft start, firing at zero voltage generates transient operation which could, in certain cases, induce the appearance of over-currents (figure 5-5,a) and a blow-out of the high speed fuse

(thyristor protection).

To prevent this over-current, the first firing of the thyristors for non-saturable inductive loads can be delayed with reference to the corresponding zero voltage (figure 5-5,b).

The optimum delay angle (

φ

) must be adjusted with the potentiometer on the driver board

(see adjustment) as a function of the load (max. delay 90

°

).

u, i

Over-current u

ω t a)

0 u, i u

i

ω t b)

0

φ

Delay angle

5-6

Figure 5-5 Inductive load switching at zero voltage (a) and with delay angle (b)

This firing mode is not suitable for saturable loads (transformer primaries).

460 User Manual

Operation

CONTROL

Feedback function

The 460 series power thyristor units contain an internal feedback loop.

The thyristor unit output power is linear between 0 and 100 % of the maximum power as the input signal varies between 4 and 84 % of the maximum scale.

Operation

CONTROL

Feedback function

The 460 series power thyristor units contain an internal feedback loop.

The thyristor unit output power is linear between 0 and 100 % of the maximum power as the input signal varies between 4 and 84 % of the maximum scale.

V2

100%

50%

Figure 5-6 Controlled parameter as a function of the setpoint

The squared RMS load voltage represents the power dissipated in a purely resistive load, the value of which is constant with the temperature variation.

The accuracy of the power feedback is guaranteed to be within

±

2 % of the maximum power.

The feedback system automatically selects the higher value of two parameters (V

2

ou I

2

).

For loads with low resistance variation as a function of temperature (iron alloys, nickel, chromium, aluminium, Inconel, etc.), the feedback in V

2

is sufficient.

Feedback with automatic transfer between the two controlled values is very important for loads with high resistance variation as a function of temperature (molybdenum, molybdenum bisilicide, tungsten, platinum, etc.).

For this type of load, the operation is as follows:

I

2

feedback at start when cold

• automatic feedback type change to V

2

when hot, which allows optimum control and feedback at all temperatures.

460 User Manual 5-7

0 4 50% 84 100% Setpoint

Figure 5-6 Controlled parameter as a function of the setpoint

The squared RMS load voltage represents the power dissipated in a purely resistive load, the value of which is constant with the temperature variation.

The accuracy of the power feedback is guaranteed to be within

±

2 % of the maximum power.

The feedback system automatically selects the higher value of two parameters (V

2

ou I

2

).

For loads with low resistance variation as a function of temperature (iron alloys, nickel, chromium, aluminium, Inconel, etc.), the feedback in V

2

is sufficient.

Feedback with automatic transfer between the two controlled values is very important for loads with high resistance variation as a function of temperature (molybdenum, molybdenum bisilicide, tungsten, platinum, etc.).

For this type of load, the operation is as follows:

I

2

feedback at start when cold

• automatic feedback type change to V

2

when hot, which allows optimum control and feedback at all temperatures.

460 User Manual 5-7

Operation

Supply voltage variation compensation

The supply variation compensation acts in the range: + 10 % to - 15 % of the thyristor unit nominal voltage. This voltage is self-supplied on the power and reference phases.

Without a supply voltage variation compensation, a 10 % decrease or increase in the supply voltage would induce a 20 % decrease or increase in the power supplied to the thyristor unit load.

For a constant resistive load, the feedback with supply variation compensation is used to maintain the output power constant in spite of the supply voltage variations.

Supply voltage variation range

(%)

0 to +10

-5 to +10

-10 to +10

-15 to +10

Setpoint

(%)

100

90

80

70

Power supplied (%)

With compensation Without compensation

100

90

80

70

100 to 121

81 to 109

65 to 97

50 to 85

Table 5-1 Feedback with supply variation compensation

Table 5-1 shows the stabilisation of the output power on a constant resistance as a function of the supply variations.

It the voltage falls below 70% of its nominal value, the thyristor unit is inhibited.

It will be automatically reenabled if the voltage returns to a value greater than or equal to 85 % of its nominal value.

A compensation circuit simultaneously adjusts the thyristor firing time as a function of the supply variations. This compensation prevents power fluctuations and the intervention of the feedback loop, enabling a quicker response.

Operation

Supply voltage variation compensation

The supply variation compensation acts in the range: + 10 % to - 15 % of the thyristor unit nominal voltage. This voltage is self-supplied on the power and reference phases.

Without a supply voltage variation compensation, a 10 % decrease or increase in the supply voltage would induce a 20 % decrease or increase in the power supplied to the thyristor unit load.

For a constant resistive load, the feedback with supply variation compensation is used to maintain the output power constant in spite of the supply voltage variations.

Supply voltage variation range

(%)

0 to +10

-5 to +10

-10 to +10

-15 to +10

Setpoint

(%)

100

90

80

70

Power supplied (%)

With compensation Without compensation

100

90

80

70

100 to 121

81 to 109

65 to 97

50 to 85

Table 5-1 Feedback with supply variation compensation

Table 5-1 shows the stabilisation of the output power on a constant resistance as a function of the supply variations.

It the voltage falls below 70% of its nominal value, the thyristor unit is inhibited.

It will be automatically reenabled if the voltage returns to a value greater than or equal to 85 % of its nominal value.

A compensation circuit simultaneously adjusts the thyristor firing time as a function of the supply variations. This compensation prevents power fluctuations and the intervention of the feedback loop, enabling a quicker response.

5-8 460 User Manual 5-8 460 User Manual

Operation

Selective trigger pulse locking

The 460 thyristor unit thyristors are fired by a trigger pulse train of a maximum duration of5ms .

In most single-phase applications, it is possible to send trigger pulses every 10 ms so that the thyristors are polarised in direct mode (positive anode in relation to the cathode) or in inverse mode (negative anode).

Each thyristor is only fired when its voltage is positive, when it is negative, the anti-parallel thyristor is fired.

In certain applications, the trigger pulses on the polarised thyristor in inverse mode can lead to operating problems: firing instability, fuse blow-out.

It is therefore necessary to eliminate the trigger pulses when the thyristor is polarised in

inverse mode.

This function is performed by the selective trigger pulse locking circuit available for 460 thyristor units.

This selective trigger pulse locking is essential for configurations in which multiple thyristor units are distributed between the phases of a three-phase supply and have an electrical configuration which could induce a voltage phase shift.

For example:

• control of heating electrodes (in transformer secondary coil) immersed in the same molten glass bath

• load in star with neutral, with the central point of the star connected to the supply neutral by a wire of a non-negligible resistance with reference to that of the load.

Operation

Selective trigger pulse locking

The 460 thyristor unit thyristors are fired by a trigger pulse train of a maximum duration of5 ms .

In most single-phase applications, it is possible to send trigger pulses every 10 ms so that the thyristors are polarised in direct mode (positive anode in relation to the cathode) or in inverse mode (negative anode).

Each thyristor is only fired when its voltage is positive, when it is negative, the anti-parallel thyristor is fired.

In certain applications, the trigger pulses on the polarised thyristor in inverse mode can lead to operating problems: firing instability, fuse blow-out.

It is therefore necessary to eliminate the trigger pulses when the thyristor is polarised in

inverse mode.

This function is performed by the selective trigger pulse locking circuit available for 460 thyristor units.

This selective trigger pulse locking is essential for configurations in which multiple thyristor units are distributed between the phases of a three-phase supply and have an electrical configuration which could induce a voltage phase shift.

For example:

• control of heating electrodes (in transformer secondary coil) immersed in the same molten glass bath

• load in star with neutral, with the central point of the star connected to the supply neutral by a wire of a non-negligible resistance with reference to that of the load.

460 User Manual 5-9 460 User Manual 5-9

Operation

CURRENT LIMIT

The 460 thyristor units possess two types of current limit with the load current measurement

(on I

2

) :

• a linear current limit and

• a threshold current limit.

These two limits are independent.

Linear current limit

This function linear limits the squared RMS load current I

2

.

In current limit, the correspondence between the load current and the input signal can be adjusted using the potentiometer labelled "I limit / Limit.I" on the front fascia.

Operation

CURRENT LIMIT

TThe 460 thyristor units possess two types of current limit with the load current measurement

(on I

2

) :

• a linear current limit and

• a threshold current limit.

These two limits are independent.

Linear current limit

This function linear limits the squared RMS load current I

2

.

In current limit, the correspondence between the load current and the input signal can be adjusted using the potentiometer labelled "I limit / Limit.I" on the front fascia.

Without current limit

125%

I2

100%

120% I

N

2

(110% nominal current)

100% linear limit

75% limit

50%

50% limit

5-10

Figure 5-7 Linear current limit

The power feedback in V

2

and the current limit in I

2

provide the best control in all the feedback zones.

460 User Manual 5-10

0 50% 100% Setpoint

Figure 5-7 Linear current limit

The power feedback in V

2

and the current limit in I

2

provide the best control in all the feedback zones.

460 User Manual

Operation

Threshold current limit

This type of limit is used to limit the load current to a desired value independently of the input signal and the linear current limit.

The "Current limit" input (terminal 14 of the control terminal block) can be controlled:

• by an external adjustment potentiometer

• by a 0-10 V external dc voltage.

When the threshold limit (by potentiometer or by voltage) is not used, terminal 14 of the driver board user terminal block must be connected directly to the +10 V user voltage

(terminal 12). Otherwise, the current limit is at zero and the thyristor unit cannot output.

Figure 5-8 Exemple of the current limit :

• threshold current limit (a)

• simultaneous use of 2 types of limit (b)

460 User Manual

Operation

Threshold current limit

This type of limit is used to limit the load current to a desired value independently of the input signal and the linear current limit.

The "Current limit" input (terminal 14 of the control terminal block) can be controlled:

• by an external adjustment potentiometer

• by a 0-10 V external dc voltage.

When the threshold limit (by potentiometer or by voltage) is not used, terminal 14 of the driver board user terminal block must be connected directly to the +10 V user voltage

(terminal 12). Otherwise, the current limit is at zero and the thyristor unit cannot output.

Without linear current limit

I2

125%

100%

80 % limit threshold

50%

Without linear current limit

I2

125%

100%

75% linear limit

60 % limit threshold

50%

Resulting limit

5-11

0 a)

50%

100%

Setpoint

0

460 User Manual

Figure 5-8 Exemple of the current limit :

• threshold current limit (a)

• simultaneous use of 2 types of limit (b) b)

50% 100%

Setpoint

5-11

Operation

PARTIAL LOAD FAILURE DETECTION

The "partial load failure" (PLF) alarm detects an increase in the load impedance due to the failure of heating elements, for example.

The sensitivity of the PLF circuit is used to detect the increase in the load impedance to 20 %, which detects the failure of one element out of 5 identical elements mounted in parallel.

On the 460 thyristor unit, the alarm is indicated:

• by an indicator light mounted on the front fascia and labelled "Load Fail"

(lit when a partial load failure is detected)

• by the alarm relay switch

(switch output is available on terminals 41 and 42 on the user terminal block at the top left-hand corner of the thyristor unit).

The alarm relay is non-energised in alarm status when the thyristor unit power is on.

The alarm switch (cut-off capacity 0.25 A at 250 Vac or 30 Vdc) in the standard version is

open in alarm status or in the event of a supply failure.

The switch cut-off capacity must not exceed 250 V in any circumstances.

As an option (code 83), this switch is closed in alarm status.

The PLF alarm is acknowledged either by switching off the thyristor unit or by a return to the nominal current.

Operation

PARTIAL LOAD FAILURE DETECTION

The "partial load failure" (PLF) alarm detects an increase in the load impedance due to the failure of heating elements, for example.

The sensitivity of the PLF circuit is used to detect the increase in the load impedance to 20 %, which detects the failure of one element out of 5 identical elements mounted in parallel.

On the 460 thyristor unit, the alarm is indicated:

• by an indicator light mounted on the front fascia and labelled "Load Fail"

(lit when a partial load failure is detected)

• by the alarm relay switch

(switch output is available on terminals 41 and 42 on the user terminal block at the top left-hand corner of the thyristor unit).

The alarm relay is non-energised in alarm status when the thyristor unit power is on.

The alarm switch (cut-off capacity 0.25 A at 250 Vac or 30 Vdc) in the standard version is

open in alarm status or in the event of a supply failure.

The switch cut-off capacity must not exceed 250 V in any circumstances.

As an option (code 83), this switch is closed in alarm status.

The PLF alarm is acknowledged either by switching off the thyristor unit or by a return to the nominal current.

5-12 460 User Manual 5-12 460 User Manual

Operation

RETRANSMISSION

The 460 thyristor units possess retransmission of load current and voltage images in the form of a signal available on the control terminal block.

Load current image

The load current retransmission signal is available on the control terminal block, between terminals 3 ("Current image") and 6 ("0V").

The current image can be used for tests or for an external measurement

(external impedance 20 k

max).

The full wave rectified output signal is proportional to the instantaneous load current

(4.8V mean for the nominal current of the thyristor unit in full firing).

Load voltage image

The load voltage retransmission signal is available between terminals 15 ("Load voltage

image") and 6 ("0V") on the user terminal block on the driver board.

This is a full wave rectified signal (4.3 V for the load voltage in full firing), generated using the

electronics power supply (external impedance 5 k

max).

Operation

RETRANSMISSION

The 460 thyristor units possess retransmission of load current and voltage images in the form of a signal available on the control terminal block.

Load current image

The load current retransmission signal is available on the control terminal block, between terminals 3 ("Current image") and 6 ("0V").

The current image can be used for tests or for an external measurement

(external impedance 20 k

max).

The full wave rectified output signal is proportional to the instantaneous load current

(4.8V mean for the nominal current of the thyristor unit in full firing).

Load voltage image

The load voltage retransmission signal is available between terminals 15 ("Load voltage

image") and 6 ("0V") on the user terminal block on the driver board.

This is a full wave rectified signal (4.3 V for the load voltage in full firing), generated using the

electronics power supply (external impedance 5 k

max).

460 User Manual 5-13 460 User Manual 5-13

Operation

INHIBITION

The 460 thyristor units possess an active operation inhibition which requires a voltage to be applied to a control terminal block.

The absence of the inhibition voltage enables the operation of the thyristor unit.

The inhibition input is available between terminal 16 ("Enable input") and terminal 6 ("0 V") of the driver board.

The inhibition is active when a dc voltage of +10 V (4 V minimum, 32 V maximum) relative to terminal 6 ("0 V") is applied to terminal 16 ("Inhibition") (see page 3-19).

To inhibit the thyristor unit the "Enable input" terminal can be connected (by a normallyclosed switch) to the "+10 V user" voltage (terminal 12).

If the thyristor unit is inhibited, the thyristor firing signals are suppressed whatever the input signal.

To enable the thyristor unit, terminal 16 must not be connected to a voltage specified above.

"MASTER-SLAVE" OPERATION

The logic signal (10 Vdc, 10 mA) is available between terminals 13 ("Slave Output") and 6( 0V ) when the 460 thyristor unit is in slow cycle, fast cycle or single cycle firing mode.

The "Slave" output is used to control solid state contactors.

Using this logic signal output, it is possible to configure a 460 thyristor unit ("Master") for

"Master-Slave" operation, controlling one or two 450 series solid state contactors ("Slaves") for the economical control of single-phase or three-phase loads (see "Cabling" chapter).

Operation

INHIBITION

The 460 thyristor units possess an active operation inhibition which requires a voltage to be applied to a control terminal block.

The absence of the inhibition voltage enables the operation of the thyristor unit.

The inhibition input is available between terminal 16 ("Enable input") and terminal 6 ("0 V") of the driver board.

The inhibition is active when a dc voltage of +10 V (4 V minimum, 32 V maximum) relative to terminal 6 ("0 V") is applied to terminal 16 ("Inhibition") (see page 3-19).

To inhibit the thyristor unit the "Enable input" terminal can be connected (by a normallyclosed switch) to the "+10 V user" voltage (terminal 12).

If the thyristor unit is inhibited, the thyristor firing signals are suppressed whatever the input signal.

To enable the thyristor unit, terminal 16 must not be connected to a voltage specified above.

"MASTER-SLAVE" OPERATION

The logic signal (10 Vdc, 10 mA) is available between terminals 13 ("Slave Output") and 6( 0V ) when the 460 thyristor unit is in slow cycle, fast cycle or single cycle firing mode.

The "Slave" output is used to control solid state contactors.

Using this logic signal output, it is possible to configure a 460 thyristor unit ("Master") for

"Master-Slave" operation, controlling one or two 450 series solid state contactors ("Slaves") for the economical control of single-phase or three-phase loads (see "Cabling" chapter).

5-14 460 User Manual 5-14 460 User Manual

460 User Manual

Commissioning

Chapter 6

COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE

Contents Page

Commissioning procedure safety .............................................. 6-2

Checking the characteristics ..................................................... 6-3

Load current ........................................................................... 6-3

Supply voltage ....................................................................... 6-3

Electronics supply voltage ..................................................... 6-3

Input signals ........................................................................... 6-3

Partial load failure detection .................................................. 6-3

Diagnostic unit ........................................................................... 6-4

Preliminary adjustments ............................................................ 6-8

Resistive load with low resistance variations ......................... 6-9

Resistive load with high resistance variations ....................... 6-9

Non-saturable inductive load ............................................... 6-10

Partial load failure detection adjustment ................................ 6-12

Current limit adjustment ......................................................... 6-13

Linear limit ........................................................................... 6-13

Threshold limit ..................................................................... 6-14

Checks in the event of abnormal operation ............................ 6-15

Commissioning

Chapter 6

COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE

Contents Page

Commissioning procedure safety .............................................. 6-2

Checking the characteristics ..................................................... 6-3

Load current ........................................................................... 6-3

Supply voltage ....................................................................... 6-3

Electronics supply voltage ..................................................... 6-3

Input signals ........................................................................... 6-3

Partial load failure detection .................................................. 6-3

Diagnostic unit ........................................................................... 6-4

Preliminary adjustments ............................................................ 6-8

Resistive load with low resistance variations ......................... 6-9

Resistive load with high resistance variations ....................... 6-9

Non-saturable inductive load ............................................... 6-10

Partial load failure detection adjustment ................................ 6-12

Current limit adjustment ......................................................... 6-13

Linear limit ........................................................................... 6-13

Threshold limit ..................................................................... 6-14

Checks in the event of abnormal operation ............................ 6-15

6-1 460 User Manual 6-1

Commissioning

Chapter 6 COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE

Read this chapter carefully before commissioning the thyristor unit

COMMISSIONNING PROCEDURE SAFETY

!

Important !

Eurotherm cannot be held responsible for any damage to persons or property or for any financial loss or costs resulting from the incorrect use of the product or the failure to observe the instructions contained in this manual.

It is therefore the user's responsibility to ensure that all the nominal values of the power unit are compatible with the conditions of use and installation before commissioning the unit.

6-2

Danger !

Never use a thyristor unit with a supply voltage greater than the nominal voltage of the thyristor unit as specified in the coding.

Dangerous live parts can be accessible when the unit is dismounted from its baseplate

Access to internal components of the thyristor unit is prohibited to users who are not authorised to work in industrial low voltage electrical environments.

The temperature of the heatsink can be greater than 100

°

C.

Avoid any contact with the heatsink, even momentarily, when the thyristor unit is operating.

The heatsink remains hot for approximately 15 min after the unit has been switched off.

The thyristor unit is delivered fully configured according to the order code.

460 User Manual

Commissioning

Chapter 6 COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE

Read this chapter carefully before commissioning the thyristor unit

COMMISSIONNING PROCEDURE SAFETY

!

Important !

Eurotherm cannot be held responsible for any damage to persons or property or for any financial loss or costs resulting from the incorrect use of the product or the failure to observe the instructions contained in this manual.

It is therefore the user's responsibility to ensure that all the nominal values of the power unit are compatible with the conditions of use and installation before commissioning the unit.

6-2

Danger !

Never use a thyristor unit with a supply voltage greater than the nominal voltage of the thyristor unit as specified in the coding.

Dangerous live parts can be accessible when the unit is dismounted from its baseplate

Access to internal components of the thyristor unit is prohibited to users who are not authorised to work in industrial low voltage electrical environments.

The temperature of the heatsink can be greater than 100

°

C.

Avoid any contact with the heatsink, even momentarily, when the thyristor unit is operating.

The heatsink remains hot for approximately 15 min after the unit has been switched off.

The thyristor unit is delivered fully configured according to the order code.

460 User Manual

Commissioning

CHECKING THE CHARACTERISTICS

!

Attention !

Before connecting the unit to an electrical supply, make sure that the

identification code of the thyristor unit corresponds to the coding specified in the order and that the characteristics of the thyristor unit are compatible with the installation.

Load current

The maximum load current must be less than or equal to the value of the nominal current of the thyristor unit taking the load and supply variations into account.

!

In three-phase operation, if 3 identical loads are configured in closed delta, the line current of the thyristor unit (both "Master" and "Slave") is

3 times as high as the current of each arm of the load.

Supply voltage

The nominal value of the thyristor unit voltage must be greater than or equal to the voltage of the supply used. In three-phase operation, the nominal voltage of the thyristor unit must be greater than or equal to the line to line voltage.

Attention !

Given the inhibition at 70 % of the nominal voltage, it is essential that the nominal voltage of the thyristor unit is as close as possible to the nominal supply voltage.

Electronics supply voltage

The electronics supply voltage must be in phase with the power voltage. It is selected by the position of the soldered links and the choice of the transformers. This selection is made in the factory, depending on the electronics supply voltage code.

Input signals

The configuration of the miniature switches on the driver board must be compatible with the selected control signal level (see "Configuration" chapter, page 4-6).

Partial load failure detection

!

The voltage used for the PLF detection circuit is that used for the electronics power supply.

This voltage must thus correspond to the power voltage

Attention !

The PLF alarm switch must be connected in the circuit with a voltage which

never exceed 250 V (single-phase or three-phase 230 V supply).

460 User Manual 6-3

Commissioning

CHECKING THE CHARACTERISTICS

!

Attention !

Before connecting the unit to an electrical supply, make sure that the

identification code of the thyristor unit corresponds to the coding specified in the order and that the characteristics of the thyristor unit are compatible with the installation.

Load current

The maximum load current must be less than or equal to the value of the nominal current of the thyristor unit taking the load and supply variations into account.

!

In three-phase operation, if 3 identical loads are configured in closed delta, the line current of the thyristor unit (both "Master" and "Slave") is

3 times as high as the current of each arm of the load.

Supply voltage

The nominal value of the thyristor unit voltage must be greater than or equal to the voltage of the supply used. In three-phase operation, the nominal voltage of the thyristor unit must be greater than or equal to the line to line voltage.

Attention !

Given the inhibition at 70 % of the nominal voltage, it is essential that the nominal voltage of the thyristor unit is as close as possible to the nominal supply voltage.

Electronics supply voltage

The electronics supply voltage must be in phase with the power voltage. It is selected by the position of the soldered links and the choice of the transformers. This selection is made in the factory, depending on the electronics supply voltage code.

Input signals

The configuration of the miniature switches on the driver board must be compatible with the selected control signal level (see "Configuration" chapter, page 4-6).

Partial load failure detection

!

The voltage used for the PLF detection circuit is that used for the electronics power supply.

This voltage must thus correspond to the power voltage

Attention !

The PLF alarm switch must be connected in the circuit with a voltage which

never exceed 250 V (single-phase or three-phase 230 V supply).

460 User Manual 6-3

Commissioning

DIAGNOSTIC UNIT

For easier commissioning and adjustment operations and for the thyristor unit state diagnostics, it is advisable to use the EUROTHERM type 260 diagnostic unit.

The 20-way switch of the diagnostic unit is used to display the values of the thyristor unit and feedback parameters on its digital display.

The unit displays two decimal places in order to permit the precise indication of the selected values.

Table 6-1 gives the description of each position in the diagnostic unit and the typical values of the signals measured.

The diagnostic unit possesses a ribbon cable which is plugged into the 20-pin connector

(diagnostic connector) provided on the front fascia of the thyristor unit.

The signals from the diagnostic connector may also be viewed using an oscilloscope.

Important !

The values measured are dc mean values.

Commissioning

DIAGNOSTIC UNIT

For easier commissioning and adjustment operations and for the thyristor unit state diagnostics, it is advisable to use the EUROTHERM type 260 diagnostic unit.

The 20-way switch of the diagnostic unit is used to display the values of the thyristor unit and feedback parameters on its digital display.

The unit displays two decimal places in order to permit the precise indication of the selected values.

Table 6-1 gives the description of each position in the diagnostic unit and the typical values of the signals measured.

The diagnostic unit possesses a ribbon cable which is plugged into the 20-pin connector

(diagnostic connector) provided on the front fascia of the thyristor unit.

The signals from the diagnostic connector may also be viewed using an oscilloscope.

Important !

The values measured are dc mean values.

6-4 460 User Manual 6-4 460 User Manual

Commissioning

Commissioning

Diagnostic socked

E U R O T H E R M

Fail

Défaut a d

L o g e a r

C h

Adjust

Seuil

Test

I limit

Limit. I

Figure 6-1 Connection of the EUROTHERM type 260 diagnostic unit to a 460 series thyristor unit

460 User Manual 6-5

Fuse fail

Déf. fusible

Connection ribbon cable

Digital display

240 V ~ 75 A

AA

AA

AA

AAAA

AAAA

20

AAA

AAA off

AAAA

AAAA

AAAA

AAAA ext ext

E U R O T H E R M

diagnostic unit

L

1

100 V

20 V

Oscilloscope connection

(terminals insulated from power)

9 Vdc

Battery or rechargeable battery

Battery charger

Figure 6-1 Connection of the EUROTHERM type 260 diagnostic unit to a 460 series thyristor unit

460 User Manual 6-5

Commissioning

6-6

Position Description

1

2

3

4

5

6

Current image

(nominal load)

Manual input

(if used)

PLF output (not in alarm)

In alarm status

External setpoint

Example: 0-10 V

Threshold current limit

0% to 100%

Current image for PLF

0 % of setpoint

Θ

= 0

°

0 V

0 V

0 V

50 % of setpoint

Θ

= 90

°

2.5 V

2.5 V

+ 13.5 V

- 12.6 V

5 V approx. 0 to10 V

100 % of setpoint

Θ

= 180

°

5 V

5 V

10 V

7

8

Load voltage image

Amplified setpoint

0 V

0 V

0 V

- 2.5 V

2.25 V

- 2.5 V

- 4.6 V

4.1 V

- 5 V

9

10

11

"Slave Firing O/P" output

Firing demand

"+10V" reference

0 V mean

1V peak not used

8.4 V

10 V

±

0.1 V

- 20 V

12.7 V

12 Auxiliary voltage image

13

14

15

16

Pulse output

"-15 V" supply

Oscillator input

"+ 15 V" supply

20 V

No pulses

0 V

20 V pulses

- 15 V

±

150mV

20 V pulses

1.2 V 6.4 V peak

90

°

pulses

+ 15 V

±

150mV

1.2 V 6.4 V peak

90

°

pulses

17

18

19

"0" voltage crossing pulse

0 V

Saw-tooth generator

Enable

-10.5 V

±

12V peak 0.6ms

0 V

3.6V

8.4V peak 10ms

<- 10 V 20

Table 6-1 Description of the positions of the EUROTHERM type 260 diagnostic unit

Thyristor firing angle variation (

Θ

).

460 User Manual

Commissioning

6-6

Position Description

1

2

3

4

5

6

Current image

(nominal load)

Manual input

(if used)

PLF output (not in alarm)

In alarm status

External setpoint

Example: 0-10 V

Threshold current limit

0% to 100%

Current image for PLF

0 % of setpoint

Θ

= 0

°

0 V

0 V

0 V

50 % of setpoint

Θ

= 90

°

2.5 V

2.5 V

+ 13.5 V

- 12.6 V

5 V approx. 0 to 10 V

100 % of setpoint

Θ

= 180

°

5 V

5 V

10 V

7

8

Load voltage image

Amplified setpoint

0 V

0 V

0 V

- 2.5 V

2.25 V

- 2.5 V

- 4.6 V

4.1 V

- 5 V

9

10

11

"Slave Firing O/P" output

Firing demand

"+10V" reference

0 V mean

1V peak not used

8.4 V

10 V

±

0.1 V

- 20 V

12.7 V

12 Auxiliary voltage image

13

14

15

16

Pulse output

"-15 V" supply

Oscillator input

"+ 15 V" supply

20 V

No pulses

0 V

20 V pulses

- 15 V

±

150mV

20 V pulses

1.2 V 6.4 V peak

90

°

pulses

+ 15 V

±

150mV

1.2 V 6.4 V peak

90

°

pulses

17

18

19

"0" voltage crossing pulse

0 V

Saw-tooth generator

Enable

-10.5 V

±

12V peak 0.6ms

0 V

3.6V

8.4V peak 10ms

<- 10 V 20

Table 6-1 Description of the positions of the EUROTHERM type 260 diagnostic unit

Thyristor firing angle variation (

Θ

).

460 User Manual

Commissioning

Position Description

0 % of setpoint

50 % of setpoint

100 % of setpoint

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10

11

8

9

Current image

(nominal load)

Manual input

(if used)

PLF output (not in alarm)

In alarm status

External setpoint

Example: 0-5 V

Threshold current limit

0% to 100%

Current image for PLF

Load voltage image

Amplified setpoint

"Slave Firing O/P" output

Power demand

"+10V" reference

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V mean

1V peak

Modulation

2.5 V

2.5 V

+ 13.5 V

- 12.6 V

2.5 V approx. 0 to 10 V

Modulation

0 - (-4.6 V)

Modulation

0 - (-4.3 V)

-2.5 V

Modulation

0 - 13.5 V

6.25 V

12.5 V peak

10 V

±

0.1 V

- 20 V

5 V

5 V

5 V

- 4.6 V

4.3 V

- 5 V

10.2 V

(0-13.5 V)

12.5 V

12 Auxiliary voltage image

13

14

Pulse output

"-15 V" supply

20 V

No pulses

20 V pulses

- 15 V

±

150mV

20 V pulses

15

16

Oscillator input

"+15 V" supply

0 V

6.4 V peak

+ 15 V

±

150mV

1.2 V

6.4 V peak

17

18

19

"0" voltage crossing pulse

0 V

Saw-tooth generator

Enable

-10.5 V

±

12.5V peak 0.6ms

0 V

Not used

20 <- 10 V

Table 6-2 Description of the positions of the EUROTHERM type 260 diagnostic unit

Fast cycle and Single cycle

460 User Manual 6-7

Commissioning

Position Description

0 % of setpoint

50 % of setpoint

100 % of setpoint

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10

11

8

9

Current image

(nominal load)

Manual input

(if used)

PLF output (not in alarm)

In alarm status

External setpoint

Example: 0-5 V

Threshold current limit

0% to 100%

Current image for PLF

Load voltage image

Amplified setpoint

"Slave Firing O/P" output

Power demand

"+10V" reference

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V

0 V mean

1V peak

Modulation

2.5 V

2.5 V

+ 13.5 V

- 12.6 V

2.5 V approx. 0 to 10 V

Modulation

0 - (-4.6 V)

Modulation

0 - (-4.3 V)

-2.5 V

Modulation

0 - 13.5 V

6.25 V

12.5 V peak

10 V

±

0.1 V

- 20 V

5 V

5 V

5 V

- 4.6 V

4.3 V

- 5 V

10.2 V

(0-13.5 V)

12.5 V

12 Auxiliary voltage image

13

14

Pulse output

"-15 V" supply

20 V

No pulses

20 V pulses

- 15 V

±

150mV

20 V pulses

15

16

Oscillator input

"+15 V" supply

0 V

6.4 V peak

+ 15 V

±

150mV

1.2 V

6.4 V peak

17

18

19

20

"0" voltage crossing pulse

0 V

Saw-tooth generator

Enable

±

-10.5 V

12.5V peak 0.6ms

0 V

Not used

<- 10 V

Table 6-2 Description of the positions of the EUROTHERM type 260 diagnostic unit

Fast cycle and Single cycle

460 User Manual 6-7

Commissioning

PRELIMINARY ADJUSTMENTS

The preliminary adjustment is used to adapt the first thyristor firings to the type of load used.

• For resistive loads with low resistance variations, firing at zero voltage does not generate steep voltage fronts, thus minimising the electromagnetic interference produced.

• For resistive loads with high resistance variations, use of the "Burst firing" modes with the soft start, reduces the current requirement when the load is cold with a low resistance.

• For inductive loads, the first firing with a delay eliminates the transient over-current

(see "Operation" chapter).

This delay can be adjusted between 0 and 90

°

and only acts on the first alternation.

The preliminary adjustment is carried out using potentiometer P4 located on the driverboard

(see figures 4-1 and 4-2).

To access the adjustment potentiometer, the unit must be unplugged from its baseplate.

Danger !

Dangerous live parts are accessible when the unit is unplugged. Only a qualified person, authorised to work in a low voltage industrial electrical environment should access the inside of the unit.

The effect of the adjustment potentiometer depends on the thyristor firing mode.

6-8

Thyristor firing mode

Phase angle

Single cycle

Slow cycle

Fast cycle

Burst firing with soft start

Burst firing with soft start and end

Action of potentiometer

"P4"

No action

Delay of the first firing of the thyristors at the start of each firing cycle

Soft start duration in thyristor firing angle variation

Soft start and end duration in thyristor firing angle variation

Table 6-3 Effect of the preliminary adjustment potentiometer

460 User Manual

Commissioning

6-8

PRELIMINARY ADJUSTMENTS

The preliminary adjustment is used to adapt the first thyristor firings to the type of load used.

• For resistive loads with low resistance variations, firing at zero voltage does not generate steep voltage fronts, thus minimising the electromagnetic interference produced.

• For resistive loads with high resistance variations, use of the "Burst firing" modes with the soft start, reduces the current requirement when the load is cold with a low resistance.

• For inductive loads, the first firing with a delay eliminates the transient over-current

(see "Operation" chapter).

This delay can be adjusted between 0 and 90

°

and only acts on the first alternation.

The preliminary adjustment is carried out using potentiometer P4 located on the driverboard

(see figures 4-1 and 4-2).

To access the adjustment potentiometer, the unit must be unplugged from its baseplate.

Danger !

Dangerous live parts are accessible when the unit is unplugged. Only a qualified person, authorised to work in a low voltage industrial electrical environment should access the inside of the unit.

The effect of the adjustment potentiometer depends on the thyristor firing mode.

Thyristor firing mode

Phase angle

Single cycle

Slow cycle

Fast cycle

Burst firing with soft start

Burst firing with soft start and end

Action of potentiometer

"P4"

No action

Delay of the first firing of the thyristors at the start of each firing cycle

Soft start duration in thyristor firing angle variation

Soft start and end duration in thyristor firing angle variation

Table 6-3 Effect of the preliminary adjustment potentiometer

460 User Manual

Commissioning

Resistive load with low resistance variations

For loads with low resistance variations as a function of temperature, the adjustment must guarantee thyristor firing at zero voltage.

• Ensure that potentiometer P4 on the driverboard is turned completely anticlockwise

(delay angle = 0 and ramp absent, see table 6-4).

• Switch on the thyristor unit.

• On the external input (terminal 4 of the control terminal block), apply a signal corresponding to 0% of the control signal.

Using an ammeter, measure the RMS current and check that the load current does not pass.

• On the external input (terminal 4) or manual input (terminal 5), apply a signal corresponding to 100% of the control signal.

Using an ammeter, measure the RMS current and check that the current is equal to the nominal load current.

Resistive load with high resistance variations

For loads with high temperature coefficients, use the soft start of Phase angle thyristor firing mode.

The start (or start and end) time is adjusted using potentiometer "P4" on the driver board, for the following thyristor firing modes:

• slow cycle with soft start (code 056)

• fast cycle with soft start (code 055)

• slow cycle with soft start and end (code SDS)

• fast cycle with soft start and end (code SDF).

The soft start (or start and end) ramp can be adjusted between 0 and 250 ms.

The maximum ramp is obtained with potentiometer "P4" turned completely clockwise.

When the unit is shipped, the potentiometer is adjusted to its maximum position (see table 6-4).

In the case of the control of a load with very high resistance variations as a function of temperature (Kanthal Super, for example), use the Special 677 (except for Phase angle firing).

460 User Manual 6-9

Commissioning

Resistive load with low resistance variations

For loads with low resistance variations as a function of temperature, the adjustment must guarantee thyristor firing at zero voltage.

• Ensure that potentiometer P4 on the driverboard is turned completely anticlockwise

(delay angle = 0 and ramp absent, see table 6-4).

• Switch on the thyristor unit.

• On the external input (terminal 4 of the control terminal block), apply a signal corresponding to 0% of the control signal.

Using an ammeter, measure the RMS current and check that the load current does not pass.

• On the external input (terminal 4) or manual input (terminal 5), apply a signal corresponding to 100% of the control signal.

Using an ammeter, measure the RMS current and check that the current is equal to the nominal load current.

Resistive load with high resistance variations

For loads with high temperature coefficients, use the soft start of Phase angle thyristor firing mode.

The start (or start and end) time is adjusted using potentiometer "P4" on the driver board, for the following thyristor firing modes:

• slow cycle with soft start (code 056)

• fast cycle with soft start (code 055)

• slow cycle with soft start and end (code SDS)

• fast cycle with soft start and end (code SDF).

The soft start (or start and end) ramp can be adjusted between 0 and 250 ms.

The maximum ramp is obtained with potentiometer "P4" turned completely clockwise.

When the unit is shipped, the potentiometer is adjusted to its maximum position (see table 6-4).

In the case of the control of a load with very high resistance variations as a function of temperature (Kanthal Super, for example), use the Special 677 (except for Phase angle firing).

460 User Manual 6-9

Commissioning

Non-saturable inductive load

When the load has an inductive component (an inductor, for example), firing at zero voltage generates transient operation which produces an over-current ("Operation" chapter) and in some cases can cause the thyristor protection fuse to blow.

To avoid these over-currents at the start of each burst, the first firing of the thyristors must be

delayed in relation to the corresponding zero voltage.

(Phase angle firing mode can also be used).

The optimum delay angle (90

°

max) must be adjusted with potentiometer "P4" depending on the load used. The thyristor firing delay only affects the first firing in each burst.

When shipped from the factory, potentiometer "P4" is adjusted as shown below.

Thyristor firing

mode

Fast cycle

Slow cycle

Single cycle

Soft start

Soft start and end

Position of potentiometer

P4

Completely anti-clockwise

(Minimum delay)

Completely clockwise

(Maximum ramp)

Phase angle No effect. Position irrelevant

Table 6-4 Factory potentiometer settings

To adjust for a non-saturable inductive load:

• Turn potentiometer "P4" completely clockwise (maximum delay equal to 90

°

).

• Set a control signal corresponding to approximately 20 % of the maximum setpoint.

• Slowly turn potentiometer "P4" anticlockwise in order to reduce the over-current (visible on an oscilloscope) at the beginning of each burst as much as possible.

For controlling a saturable inductive load in Burst mode (transformer primary with a resistive load having a low resistance variation on the secondary), use the special 669

(no current limit or PLF).

6-10

Commissioning

Non-saturable inductive load

When the load has an inductive component (an inductor, for example), firing at zero voltage generates transient operation which produces an over-current ("Operation" chapter) and in some cases can cause the thyristor protection fuse to blow.

To avoid these over-currents at the start of each burst, the first firing of the thyristors must be

delayed in relation to the corresponding zero voltage.

(Phase angle firing mode can also be used).

The optimum delay angle (90

°

max) must be adjusted with potentiometer "P4" depending on the load used. The thyristor firing delay only affects the first firing in each burst.

When shipped from the factory, potentiometer "P4" is adjusted as shown below.

Thyristor firing

mode

Fast cycle

Slow cycle

Single cycle

Soft start

Soft start and end

Position of potentiometer

P4

Completely anti-clockwise

(Minimum delay)

Completely clockwise

(Maximum ramp)

Phase angle No effect. Position irrelevant

Table 6-4 Factory potentiometer settings

To adjust for a non-saturable inductive load:

• Turn potentiometer "P4" completely clockwise (maximum delay equal to 90

°

).

• Set a control signal corresponding to approximately 20 % of the maximum setpoint.

• Slowly turn potentiometer "P4" anticlockwise in order to reduce the over-current (visible on an oscilloscope) at the beginning of each burst as much as possible.

For controlling a saturable inductive load in Burst mode (transformer primary with a resistive load having a low resistance variation on the secondary), use the special 669

(no current limit or PLF).

460 User Manual 6-10 460 User Manual

Figure 6-2 Front fascia of the 460 thyristor unit

460 User Manual

Commissioning

Commissioning

Quarter turn locking

PLF detection indicator light

PLF adjustment test

Current limit adjustment

L o a d

C h r a g e

Fail

Défaut

Adjust

Seuil

Test

I limit

Limit. I

PLF detection adjustment

Diagnostic socked

Fuse fail

Déf. fusible

240 V ~ 75 A

Figure 6-2 Front fascia of the 460 thyristor unit

Internal fuse failure indicator light

6-11 460 User Manual 6-11

Commissioning

PARTIAL LOAD FAILURE DETECTION ADJUSTMENT

The partial load failure (PLF) detection is adjusted using the potentiometer labelled

"Adjust/Seuil" on the front fascia (see figure 6-2).

The purpose of this adjustment is to adapt the PLF detection with the maximum sensitivity to the real thyristor unit load.

To guarantee correct operation of the PLF detection circuit, the load current must not be less than 10 % of the thyristor unit nominal current (in the case of use of a bulb as a load for a thyristor unit test in the workshop, the PLF detection indicator light "Fail/Défaut" is always lit).

During commissioning, the following adjustment must be made:

• First of all, make sure that the thyristor unit is connected correctly and that the thyristors are in permanent firing mode.

• Turn the PLF detection adjustment potentiometer completely anti-clockwise and check that the "Fail/Défaut" indicator light on the front fascia is off.

• Turn the "Adjust/Seuil" potentiometer slowly clockwise until the indicator light comes on.

• Turn the potentiometer slowly anti-clockwise until the "Load Fail" indicator light has just gone off.

The potentiometer adjusted in this way is used to obtain maximum sensitivity for the partial load failure detection really connected with the thyristor unit.

The push button on the front fascia (labelled "Test") which simulates a current drop of 10 % in the load is used to check the operation of the PLF circuit without having to disconnect the load. This button must place the thyristor unit in alarm status if the adjustment has been performed correctly.

Reminder:

The PLF detection circuit does not use the load voltage directly, but the electronics supply voltage.

Commissioning

PARTIAL LOAD FAILURE DETECTION ADJUSTMENT

The partial load failure (PLF) detection is adjusted using the potentiometer labelled

"Adjust/Seuil" on the front fascia (see figure 6-2).

The purpose of this adjustment is to adapt the PLF detection with the maximum sensitivity to the real thyristor unit load.

To guarantee correct operation of the PLF detection circuit, the load current must not be less than 10 % of the thyristor unit nominal current (in the case of use of a bulb as a load for a thyristor unit test in the workshop, the PLF detection indicator light "Fail/Défaut" is always lit).

During commissioning, the following adjustment must be made:

• First of all, make sure that the thyristor unit is connected correctly and that the thyristors are in permanent firing mode.

• Turn the PLF detection adjustment potentiometer completely anti-clockwise and check that the "Fail/Défaut" indicator light on the front fascia is off.

• Turn the "Adjust/Seuil" potentiometer slowly clockwise until the indicator light comes on.

• Turn the potentiometer slowly anti-clockwise until the "Load Fail" indicator light has just gone off.

The potentiometer adjusted in this way is used to obtain maximum sensitivity for the partial load failure detection really connected with the thyristor unit.

The push button on the front fascia (labelled "Test") which simulates a current drop of 10 % in the load is used to check the operation of the PLF circuit without having to disconnect the load. This button must place the thyristor unit in alarm status if the adjustment has been performed correctly.

Reminder:

The PLF detection circuit does not use the load voltage directly, but the electronics supply voltage.

6-12 460 User Manual 6-12 460 User Manual

Commissioning

CURRENT LIMIT ADJUSTMENT

Linear limit

The linear current limit can be adjusted using the "I limit / Limit.I" potentiometer on the front fascia.

• Make sure that the load is connected.

When used in conjunction with the threshold current limit (potentiometer or external signal), make sure first of all that the "Threshold limit" setpoint (terminal 14 on the control terminal block) is at the maximum value.

• Turn the "I limit / Limit. I" linear current limit potentiometer completely

anti-clockwise (minimum current).

• Apply a 0 V signal to terminal 14 and connect the power voltage.

The RMS voltage at the load terminals must be zero.

• Increase the current limit input signal to 100 %.

The load voltage must represent approximately 0% of the supply voltage.

• Turn the current limit potentiometer gradually clockwise and check that the current rises slowly.

Adjust the "I limit / Limit. I" potentiometer in order to obtain the maximum current

permitted by the load.

!

Attention !

For the current limit adjustment, only use an ammeter which gives the

True RMS value to measure the load current in order to prevent risks of errors which may reach 50 %.

!

For a three-phase installation using two or three 460 thyristor units, take care to turn each of the current limit potentiometers gradually in succession in order to maintain the balance of the currents in each phase.

Attention !

In the case of "Star with neutral" configurations, the neutral current for a load, when starting cold, can be 1.7 times greater than the phase currents, limited by the current limit (if the operation of three units is synchronised).

Redesign the installation as a consequence.

460 User Manual 6-13

Commissioning

CURRENT LIMIT ADJUSTMENT

Linear limit

The linear current limit can be adjusted using the "I limit / Limit.I" potentiometer on the front fascia.

• Make sure that the load is connected.

When used in conjunction with the threshold current limit (potentiometer or external signal), make sure first of all that the "Threshold limit" setpoint (terminal 14 on the control terminal block) is at the maximum value.

• Turn the "I limit / Limit. I" linear current limit potentiometer completely

anti-clockwise (minimum current).

• Apply a 0 V signal to terminal 14 and connect the power voltage.

The RMS voltage at the load terminals must be zero.

• Increase the current limit input signal to 100 %.

The load voltage must represent approximately 0% of the supply voltage.

• Turn the current limit potentiometer gradually clockwise and check that the current rises slowly.

Adjust the "I limit / Limit. I" potentiometer in order to obtain the maximum current

permitted by the load.

!

Attention !

For the current limit adjustment, only use an ammeter which gives the

True RMS value to measure the load current in order to prevent risks of errors which may reach 50 %.

!

For a three-phase installation using two or three 460 thyristor units, take care to turn each of the current limit potentiometers gradually in succession in order to maintain the balance of the currents in each phase.

Attention !

In the case of "Star with neutral" configurations, the neutral current for a load, when starting cold, can be 1.7 times greater than the phase currents, limited by the current limit (if the operation of three units is synchronised).

Redesign the installation as a consequence.

460 User Manual 6-13

Commissioning

Threshold limit

The threshold current limit is independent of the control signal, it is one of the following:

110 % of the thyristor unit nominal current

(terminal 14 of the control terminal block directly connected to terminal 12 and

the "I limit / Limit. I" current limit potentiometer on the front fascia is clockwise).

• controlled by an external potentiometer connected between terminal 12 (+ 10 V) and

terminal 6 (0 V); the wiper is connected to terminal 14,

• controlled by an external dc voltage (0-10 V).

The "Current limit" input impedance (terminal 14) is greater than or equal to 150k threshold current limit adjustment:

. For the

• After adjusting the linear limit (using the potentiometer on the front fascia),

switch on the thyristor unit, set the control to maximum.

Reduce the "Threshold current limit" setpoint gradually until the current

starts to decrease.

• Mark the current limit setpoint corresponding to position 5 of the diagnostic

unit and increase it by approximately 10% so that it is only activated as a

back-up for the linear current limit.

!

Attention !

The threshold current limit can be pre-adjusted when a thyristor unit is switched on but not firing.

The max value of the squared RMS load current is proportional to the "Threshold current limit" setpoint observed at position 5 of the diagnostic unit.

Current limit signal

(position 5 of the

diagnostic unit)

I

RMS

(%)

2

I

RMS

(%)

10 V

9.1 V

4.1 V

120

100

50

110

100

71

Table 6-5 Example of the threshold current limit diagnostic (for 100% setpoint)

6-14 460 User Manual

Commissioning

Threshold limit

The threshold current limit is independent of the control signal, it is one of the following:

110 % of the thyristor unit nominal current

(terminal 14 of the control terminal block directly connected to terminal 12 and

the "I limit / Limit. I" current limit potentiometer on the front fascia is clockwise).

• controlled by an external potentiometer connected between terminal 12 (+ 10 V) and

terminal 6 (0 V); the wiper is connected to terminal 14,

• controlled by an external dc voltage (0-10 V).

The "Current limit" input impedance (terminal 14) is greater than or equal to 150k

. For the threshold current limit adjustment:

• After adjusting the linear limit (using the potentiometer on the front fascia),

switch on the thyristor unit, set the control to maximum.

Reduce the "Threshold current limit" setpoint gradually until the current

starts to decrease.

• Mark the current limit setpoint corresponding to position 5 of the diagnostic

unit and increase it by approximately 10% so that it is only activated as a

back-up for the linear current limit.

!

Attention !

The threshold current limit can be pre-adjusted when a thyristor unit is switched on but not firing.

The max value of the squared RMS load current is proportional to the "Threshold current limit" setpoint observed at position 5 of the diagnostic unit.

Current limit signal

(position 5 of the

diagnostic unit)

I

RMS

2

(%)

I

RMS

(%)

10 V

9.1 V

4.1 V

120

100

50

110

100

71

Table 6-5 Example of the threshold current limit diagnostic (for 100% setpoint)

6-14 460 User Manual

Commissioning

CHECKS IN THE EVENT OF ABNORMAL OPERATION

Symptom

1. The thyristor unit is not fired after a firing request.

Action

1.1. Check that the power is present (if the power is absent but the electronics supply voltage is present, the thyristor unit indicates a

PLF alarm and the indicator light on the front fascia is lit).

1.2. Check that the thyristor protection fuse has not blown.

1.3. Check the connection of the electronics supply voltage on the user terminal block (terminals 51 and 52 or 53).

1.4. Check that the "Inhibition" input (terminal 16 on the driver board) is not connected to "+10 V" (terminal 12).

1.5. Check that the control signal arrives correctly on the driver board terminal block:

• on terminal 4 with the external control

• on terminal 5 with manual control and that the control wires are correctly inserted in the screw connection system.

1.6. Check that the polarity is correct.

1.7. Check that the input signal type and level are compatible with the type and level of the configured signal.

1.8. Check the cabling of the thermal switches on the power board.

1.9. Check the presence of the thyristor firing pulses:

20 V pulses for Phase angle firing

26 V pulses for Burst firing mode

(in position 13 of the diagnostic unit).

1.10. Check that the current limit is not at zero

(position 5 of the diagnostic unit).

1.11. Check that the supply voltage is greater than or equal to

70% of the thyristor unit nominal voltage.

1.12. Check that the electronics supply voltages are present

(+15V, -15V, +10V voltages present, see tables 6-1 and 6-2)

460 User Manual 6-15

Commissioning

CHECKS IN THE EVENT OF ABNORMAL OPERATION

Symptom

1. The thyristor unit is not fired after a firing request.

Action

1.1. Check that the power is present (if the power is absent but the electronics supply voltage is present, the thyristor unit indicates a

PLF alarm and the indicator light on the front fascia is lit).

1.2. Check that the thyristor protection fuse has not blown.

1.3. Check the connection of the electronics supply voltage on the user terminal block (terminals 51 and 52 or 53).

1.4. Check that the "Inhibition" input (terminal 16 on the driver board) is not connected to "+10 V" (terminal 12).

1.5. Check that the control signal arrives correctly on the driver board terminal block:

• on terminal 4 with the external control

• on terminal 5 with manual control and that the control wires are correctly inserted in the screw connection system.

1.6. Check that the polarity is correct.

1.7. Check that the input signal type and level are compatible with the type and level of the configured signal.

1.8. Check the cabling of the thermal switches on the power board.

1.9. Check the presence of the thyristor firing pulses:

20 V pulses for Phase angle firing

26 V pulses for Burst firing mode

(in position 13 of the diagnostic unit).

1.10. Check that the current limit is not at zero

(position 5 of the diagnostic unit).

1.11. Check that the supply voltage is greater than or equal to

70% of the thyristor unit nominal voltage.

1.12. Check that the electronics supply voltages are present

(+15V, -15V, +10V voltages present, see tables 6-1 and 6-2)

460 User Manual 6-15

Commissioning

Symptom Action

2. The transient over-current when starting up an inductive load is too high (Burst mode or Single cycle firing).

2.1.Check that the load cabling is correct.

2.2.Check the level of the oscillator input signal

(signal in position 15 of the diagnostic unit is 6.4V peak; for measurement, use an oscilloscope)

2.3.The factory pre-adjustment of potentiometer P4 of the firing delay angle to 0

°

has not been readjusted.

Increase this angle by turning potentiometer "P4" on the driver board clockwise.

See "Preliminary adjustment of the inductive load", page 6-10.

3.The thyristor is in full firing with an input signal at zero

3.1.Check the configuration of the input signal and that the signal is really absent from terminals 4 and 5 of the control terminal block.

3.2.By disconnecting the 4 "gate-cathode" wires from the control circuit and insulating the connection lugs, check that the thyristors are not short-circuited.

3.3.Check that the electronics supply voltage is correct, and is in phase with the power.

If the fault persists after all these checks, contact your nearest

EUROTHERM office, where technicians will be able to advise you and assist you during commissioning.

Commissioning

Symptom Action

2. The transient over-current when starting up an inductive load is too high (Burst mode or Single cycle firing).

2.1.Check that the load cabling is correct.

2.2.Check the level of the oscillator input signal

(signal in position 15 of the diagnostic unit is 6.4V peak; for measurement, use an oscilloscope)

2.3.The factory pre-adjustment of potentiometer P4 of the firing delay angle to 0

°

has not been readjusted.

Increase this angle by turning potentiometer "P4" on the driver board clockwise.

See "Preliminary adjustment of the inductive load", page 6-10.

3.The thyristor is in full firing with an input signal at zero

3.1.Check the configuration of the input signal and that the signal is really absent from terminals 4 and 5 of the control terminal block.

3.2.By disconnecting the 4 "gate-cathode" wires from the control circuit and insulating the connection lugs, check that the thyristors are not short-circuited.

3.3.Check that the electronics supply voltage is correct, and is in phase with the power.

If the fault persists after all these checks, contact your nearest

EUROTHERM office, where technicians will be able to advise you and assist you during commissioning.

6-16 460 User Manual 6-16 460 User Manual

460 User Manual

Maintenance

Chapter 7

MAINTENANCE

Contents Page

Thyristor protection .................................................................. 7-2

Thyristor protection fuse ........................................................... 7-3

Replacement of the high speed internal speed ........................ 7-4

Electronics power supply protection fuses ............................... 7-4

Maintenance ............................................................................. 7-5

Tools ........................................................................................ 7-6

Maintenance

Chapter 7

MAINTENANCE

Contents Page

Thyristor protection .................................................................. 7-2

Thyristor protection fuse ........................................................... 7-3

Replacement of the high speed internal speed ........................ 7-4

Electronics power supply protection fuses ............................... 7-4

Maintenance ............................................................................. 7-5

Tools ........................................................................................ 7-6

460 User Manual

7-2

Maintenance

Chapter 7 MAINTENANCE

Danger !

The thyristor unit must be maintained by qualified personnel, authorised to perform work in a low voltage industrial electrical environment.

THYRISTOR PROTECTION

The thyristors of the 460 series power units are protected as follows:

•the internal high speed fuse against over-currents

• the RC snubber and the varistor against too fast voltage variations

and transient over-voltages when the thyristors are not firing.

• the thermal switch for models 463 and 464.

In the event of accidental overheating of the cooler or if the fan stops,

the thermal switch opens, which causes the thyristor firing to be stopped.

Danger !

The internal thyristor protection fuse does not protect the installation in any circumstances.

The user's installation must be protected upstream (non high speed fuse, thermal or electromagnetic circuit breaker, appropriate fuse-isolator) and must comply with current standards.

Maintenance

Chapter 7 MAINTENANCE

Danger !

The thyristor unit must be maintained by qualified personnel, authorised to perform work in a low voltage industrial electrical environment.

THYRISTOR PROTECTION

The thyristors of the 460 series power units are protected as follows:

• the internal high speed fuse against over-currents

• the RC snubber and the varistor against too fast voltage variations

and transient over-voltages when the thyristors are not firing.

• the thermal switch for models 463 and 464.

In the event of accidental overheating of the cooler or if the fan stops,

the thermal switch opens, which causes the thyristor firing to be stopped.

Danger !

The internal thyristor protection fuse does not protect the installation in any circumstances.

The user's installation must be protected upstream (non high speed fuse, thermal or electromagnetic circuit breaker, appropriate fuse-isolator) and must comply with current standards.

460 User Manual 7-2 460 User Manual

Maintenance

THYRISTOR PROTECTION FUSE

The 460 series power thyristor unit is supplied with the internal fuse fitted (up to 125 A).

For the 150A nominal current, the external fuse must be ordered separately.

!

Attention !

The high speed fuse is only used for the protection of the

thyristors against wide amplitude over-loads.

Table 7-1 contains all the references of the original fuses (as fitted in the factory) and the fuses which are authorised for replacement during maintenance.

The thyristor unit guarantee is subject to the use of high speed fuses specified in this table.

!

Attention !

The use of other fuses invalidates the thyristor unit guarantee.

Model Nominal Max.

current

voltage

Eurotherm

References

Ferraz

Suppliers

I.R.

461

462

463

464

Brush G.E.C

15 A

25 A

40 A

55 A

55 A

75 A

100 A

125 A

150 A

240 V

500 V

CH 380 163

CH 110 153

Q076650

X220958

E 1000.15

240 V

500 V

CH 380 253

CH 110 253

R076651

V082450

E 1000.25

15 ET

25 ET GSG 1000.25

500 V

CH 110 044

C220963

E 1000.40

40 ET GSG 1000.40

500 V

500 V

CH 110 753

CH 120 094

S075893

A099958

E 1000.75

EE 1000.90

75 ET

90 EET

--

--

500 V

CH 120 114

B099959

EE 1000.110

110 EET GSG1000.110

500 V

CH 120 154

C099960

EE 1000.150

150 EET GSG1000.150

500 V

CH 120 154

C099960 EE 1000.150

150 EET

GSG1000.150

External fuse

Fuse holder

CH 340 025

CP 171 482

H300019

V98711

Overall dimensions of "Fuse and fuse holder" assembly (mm)

220 x 50 x 110

Table 7-1 Recommended high speed fuses for thyristor protection

460 User Manual

Maintenance

THYRISTOR PROTECTION FUSE

The 460 series power thyristor unit is supplied with the internal fuse fitted (up to 125 A).

For the 150 A nominal current, the external fuse must be ordered separately.

!

Attention !

The high speed fuse is only used for the protection of the

thyristors against wide amplitude over-loads.

Table 7-1 contains all the references of the original fuses (as fitted in the factory) and the fuses which are authorised for replacement during maintenance.

The thyristor unit guarantee is subject to the use of high speed fuses specified in this table.

!

Attention !

The use of other fuses invalidates the thyristor unit guarantee.

Model Nominal Max.

current

voltage

Eurotherm

References

Suppliers

Ferraz

I.R.

461

462

463

464

Brush G.E.C

15 A

25 A

40 A

55 A

55 A

75 A

100 A

125 A

150 A

240 V

500 V

CH 380 163

CH 110 153

Q076650

X220958

E 1000.15

240 V

500 V

CH 380 253

CH 110 253

R076651

V082450

E 1000.25

15 ET

25 ET GSG 1000.25

500 V

CH 110 044 C220963

E 1000.40

40 ET GSG 1000.40

500 V

500 V

CH 110 753

CH 120 094

S075893

A099958

E 1000.75

EE 1000.90

75 ET

90 EET

--

--

500 V

CH 120 114 B099959

EE 1000.110

110 EET GSG1000.110

500 V

CH 120 154

C099960

EE 1000.150

150 EET GSG1000.150

500 V

CH 120 154

C099960

EE 1000.150

150 EET

GSG1000.150

External fuse

Fuse holder

CH 340 025

CP 171 482

H300019

V98711

Overall dimensions of "Fuse and fuse holder" assembly (mm)

220 x 50 x 110

Table 7-1 Recommended high speed fuses for thyristor protection

460 User Manual

Maintenance

REPLACEMENT OF THE HIGH SPEED INTERNAL FUSE

The 460 series power thyristor units (nominal current from 15 to 125 A) are fitted with high speed internal fuses.

These fuses are mounted at the rear of the pluggable module.

For the 150 A nominal current (464 model), the high speed fuse and its holder are external and ordered separately from the thyristor unit.

If the internal fuse blows, a red indicator light on the front fascia of the unit lights up (except for the 150 A nominal current unit).

To replace the internal fuse:

• unplug the module from its base

• loosen the two fuse attachment screws

• fit the appropriate fuse (the references are given in table 7-1).

Tightening torque 3.5 N.m.

ELECTRONICS POWER SUPPLY PROTECTION FUSES

These fuses should be installed in the cables which connect the electronics power supply voltage (see "Cabling" chapter).

Electronics 1 A Fuse power supply 6.3 x 32 mm voltage

(max)

Fuse-holder isolator

Overall

"Fuse-isolator" dimensions

(mm)

500 V CS174289U1A0 CP174293 63 x 15 x 52

Table 7-2 Recommended fuse for protection of the electronics power supply connection

7-4 460 User Manual

Maintenance

REPLACEMENT OF THE HIGH SPEED INTERNAL FUSE

The 460 series power thyristor units (nominal current from 15 to 125 A) are fitted with high speed internal fuses.

These fuses are mounted at the rear of the pluggable module.

For the 150 A nominal current (464 model), the high speed fuse and its holder are external and ordered separately from the thyristor unit.

If the internal fuse blows, a red indicator light on the front fascia of the unit lights up (except for the 150 A nominal current unit).

To replace the internal fuse:

• unplug the module from its base

• loosen the two fuse attachment screws

• fit the appropriate fuse (the references are given in table 7-1).

Tightening torque 3.5 N.m.

ELECTRONICS POWER SUPPLY PROTECTION FUSES

These fuses should be installed in the cables which connect the electronics power supply voltage (see "Cabling" chapter).

Electronics 1 A Fuse power supply 6.3 x 32 mm voltage

(max)

Fuse-holder isolator

Overall

"Fuse-isolator" dimensions

(mm)

500 V CS174289U1A0 CP174293 63 x 15 x 52

Table 7-2 Recommended fuse for protection of the electronics power supply connection

7-4 460 User Manual

Maintenance

MAINTENANCE

The 460 thyristor units must be mounted with the heat sink vertical, with no obstructions above or below which could reduce or hinder the air flow.

!

Attention !

If several units are fitted in the same cabinet, arrange them so that the air expelled by one unit is not taken in by the unit placed above it.

For correct cooling of the unit, it is recommended that the heatsink and the fan protection

mesh be cleaned periodically, depending on the degree of pollution of the environment.

Danger !

Every six months, check that the screws holding the power cables and the safety earth are correctly tightened (see "Cabling").

Maintenance

MAINTENANCE

The 460 thyristor units must be mounted with the heat sink vertical, with no obstructions above or below which could reduce or hinder the air flow.

!

Attention !

If several units are fitted in the same cabinet, arrange them so that the air expelled by one unit is not taken in by the unit placed above it.

For correct cooling of the unit, it is recommended that the heatsink and the fan protection

mesh be cleaned periodically, depending on the degree of pollution of the environment.

Danger !

Every six months, check that the screws holding the power cables and the safety earth are correctly tightened (see "Cabling").

460 User Manual 460 User Manual

Maintenance

TOOLS

Operation

Attachment of the baseplate

Safety earth connection

Power connection (supply side) and load connection

Thyristor fuse replacement

Cable clamp tightening

2 x 15

0.5 x 3.5

Control and electronics power supply voltage connection 0.5 x 3.5

Commissioning and adjustment 0.4 x 2.5

Flat screwdriver Wrench Electrical

(mm) equipment

Depending on

M4 screw heads selected

1 x 6 (461)

1 x 8 (462 to 464)

HEX17 M10

1 x 8 (461 to 463) (464)

RMS ammeter or clip.

Eurotherm type 260 diagnostic unit recommended.

Table 7-3 Tools

Maintenance

TOOLS

Operation

Attachment of the baseplate

Safety earth connection

Power connection (supply side) and load connection

Thyristor fuse replacement

Cable clamp tightening

2 x 15

0.5 x 3.5

Control and electronics power supply voltage connection 0.5 x 3.5

Commissioning and adjustment 0.4 x 2.5

Flat screwdriver Wrench Electrical

(mm) equipment

Depending on

M4 screw heads selected

1 x 6 (461)

1 x 8 (462 to 464)

HEX17 M10

1 x 8 (461 to 463) (464)

RMS ammeter or clip.

Eurotherm type 260 diagnostic unit recommended.

Table 7-3 Tools

7-6 460 User Manual 7-6 460 User Manual

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