AKSE Flash N Energy Analyzer Manuale Utente

Electric Energy Analyzer

Flash N

User Manual

Version 8 November 2005

This document is subject to modification without prior notice.

Pag. 1 di 80

Index

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................5

1.1

COPYRIGHT .....................................................................................................................5

1.2

WARRANTY......................................................................................................................5

1.3

RETURN AND REPAIR FORMALITIES ...........................................................................5

1.3.1

RE-SHIPPING OF REPAIRED PRODUCT ...............................................................5

1.3.2

Return Material Authorization (RMA form).................................................................6

2 Safety ......................................................................................................................................7

2.1

Operator safety..................................................................................................................7

3 Mounting .................................................................................................................................8

3.1

Dimensions (mm) ..............................................................................................................8

3.2

Fixing and blocking............................................................................................................8

4 Wiring Diagrams......................................................................................................................9

4.1

Measurement Connections ...............................................................................................9

4.1.1

Voltage connection .....................................................................................................9

4.1.2

Current connection .....................................................................................................9

4.1.3

4W Star Connection (4 wires)...................................................................................10

4.1.4

3W Delta Connection (3 wires) .................................................................................11

4.1.4.1

L1 L3 Phase Connection with 2 CTs ...............................................................11

4.1.4.2

L1 L2 Phase Connection with 2 CTs ...............................................................12

4.1.5

2 Wire Connection (single phase).............................................................................12

4.1.6

2 Wire Connection (double phase) ...........................................................................13

4.2

Output Connection ..........................................................................................................13

4.3

Connecting Optional Components ..................................................................................14

4.3.1

RS485 Option ...........................................................................................................14

4.3.2

RS232 Option ...........................................................................................................15

4.3.3

Double 4-20 mA analogic Output Option ..................................................................15

5 Instrument Use......................................................................................................................16

5.1.1

Set up sequence.......................................................................................................17

5.1.2

Configuration Procedure...........................................................................................18

5.1.2.1

Electrical system configuration ........................................................................18

5.1.2.2

Communication Parameters Configuration......................................................20

5.1.2.3

Output Configuration .......................................................................................20

5.1.2.4

Pulse characteristics configuration ..................................................................21

5.1.2.4.1

Pulse output set up with Modbus registers.................................................................. 21

5.1.2.5

Alarm Configuration.........................................................................................22

5.1.2.5.1

Alarm set up with Modbus registers. ........................................................................... 23

5.1.2.6

Analog 4-20 mA Outputs Configuration. ..........................................................24

5.1.2.6.1

Analog output set up with Modbus registers. .............................................................. 25

5.1.2.6.2

4-20 mA output configuration of the average AVG values .......................................... 25

5.1.3

Reset Procedure.......................................................................................................26

5.2

Readings .........................................................................................................................27

5.2.1

Readings selection keys ...........................................................................................27

5.2.1.1

Voltage and Frequency Readings ...................................................................27

5.2.1.1.1

3P 4 W Configuration .................................................................................................. 27

5.2.1.1.2

3P 3 W Configuration .................................................................................................. 28

5.2.1.1.3

3P-b 4W Configuration ................................................................................................ 28

5.2.1.1.4


5.2.1.1.5

1P 2W Configuration ................................................................................................... 28

5.2.1.1.6


Pag. 2 di 80

5.2.1.2

Current readings..............................................................................................29

5.2.1.2.1


5.2.1.2.2


5.2.1.2.3


5.2.1.2.4


5.2.1.2.5

1P 2W and 2P 2W Configuration ................................................................................ 29

5.2.1.3

Powers.............................................................................................................30

5.2.1.3.1


5.2.1.3.2

3P 4W only Import Configuration................................................................................. 30

5.2.1.3.3

3P 3W / 3P-b 3W / 2P 2W Configuration .................................................................... 31

5.2.1.3.4


5.2.1.3.5


5.2.1.4

P.F. Visualization.............................................................................................32

5.2.1.4.1


5.2.1.4.2

3Pb 4W Configuration ................................................................................................. 32

5.2.1.4.3

3P 3W e 3Pb 3W Configuration................................................................................... 32

5.2.1.4.4

1P 2W e 2P 2W Configuration..................................................................................... 32

5.2.2

Life Time ...................................................................................................................32

5.2.2.1

Energy .............................................................................................................33

5.2.2.2

Only Import Energy Display .............................................................................33

6 Instrument Description ..........................................................................................................34

6.1

Introduction......................................................................................................................34

6.2

Simplicity and versatility ..................................................................................................34

6.3

Total harmonic distortion Measurement (THD) ...............................................................35

6.4

Energy Measurement ......................................................................................................35

6.5

Calibration Led ................................................................................................................35

6.6

Digital Outputs.................................................................................................................35

6.7

Pulse Output....................................................................................................................35

6.8

Alarms .............................................................................................................................35

6.9

Communication ...............................................................................................................36

6.10

Average and peak Energy............................................................................................36

7 System Architecture ..............................................................................................................36

7.1

General Features ............................................................................................................36

7.1.1

FLASH ......................................................................................................................36

7.1.2

Options .....................................................................................................................37

7.1.2.1

RS485 Port ......................................................................................................37

7.1.2.2

RS232 Port ......................................................................................................37

7.1.2.3

2 x 4-20 mA Analog Output .............................................................................37

8 Parameters and formulas......................................................................................................38

8.1

3P 4W Three phase with 4 wire neutral .........................................................................38

8.1.1

Available Reading:....................................................................................................38

8.1.2

Measurement Formulas:...........................................................................................40

8.2

3P 3W Three phase without neutral ................................................................................42

8.2.1


8.2.2


8.3

3P-b 4W Balanced Three phase with neutral.................................................................46

8.3.1


8.3.2

Measurements Formulas: .........................................................................................48

8.4

3P-b 3W Balanced three Phase without neutral 3 wires ...............................................49

8.4.1


8.4.2


8.5

1P (2W) Single phase ....................................................................................................52

Pag. 3 di 80

8.5.1


8.5.2


8.6

2P (2W) Double phase ...................................................................................................52

8.6.1


8.6.2

Measurements Formulas: .........................................................................................52

8.6.3

Sampling:..................................................................................................................52

8.6.4

Grid frequency Measurement: ..................................................................................52

8.7

Average values and energy Calculation..........................................................................52

8.7.1

Energy counting........................................................................................................52

8.7.2

Average Powers / maximum demand (m/Max).........................................................52

9 MODBUS Protocol ...............................................................................................................52

9.1

Foreword: ........................................................................................................................52

9.2

“Device dependent” Functions ........................................................................................52

9.2.1

(0x11) Slave ID Report .............................................................................................52

9.2.2

(0x07) Exception Status Read ..................................................................................52

9.3

“User defined” Functions .................................................................................................52

9.3.1

(0x42) Slave Address Change..................................................................................52

9.4

Register Mapping ............................................................................................................52

9.4.1

Holding registers.......................................................................................................52

9.4.2

Parameter selection tables .......................................................................................52

9.4.3

Flash N Input registers..............................................................................................52

9.4.4

Input Registers (backward compatibility area)..........................................................52

9.4.5

Coils (back compatibility) ..........................................................................................52

9.4.6

FLASH coils ..............................................................................................................52

10 Technical Characteristics ..................................................................................................52

11 Firmware Revisions ...........................................................................................................52

12 Order codes.......................................................................................................................52

Pag. 4 di 80

INTRODUCTION

We thank you for choosing an Electrex instrument

We invite you to carefully read this instructions manual for the best use of the FLASH instruments.

1.1 COPYRIGHT

Akse S.r.l. All rights are reserved.

It is forbidden to duplicate, adapt, transcript this document without Akse written authorization, except when regulated accordingly by the Copyright Laws. Copyright© 2003-2004

1.2 WARRANTY

This product is covered by a warranty against material and manufacturing defects for a period of 36 months period from the manufacturing date

The warranty does not cover the defects that are due to:

• Negligent and improper use

• Failures caused by atmospheric hazards

• Acts of vandalism

• Wear out of materials

Akse reserves the right, at its discretion, to repair or substitute the faulty products

The warranty is not applicable to the products that will result defective in consequence of a negligent and improper use or an operating procedure not contemplated in this manual.

1.3 RETURN AND REPAIR FORMALITIES

Akse accepts the return of instruments for repair only when authorized in advance. For instrument purchased directly, the repair authorization must be requested to Akse directly by using the enclosed RMA form. We recommend otherwise contacting your local distributor for assistance on the return/repair formalities. In both the cases, the following information must be supplied:

•

•

Company full data

Contact name for further communication

•

•

•

•

Product description

Serial number

Description of the returned accessories

Invoice / Shipping document number and date

•

Detailed description of the fault and of the operating condition when the fault occurred

The Akse repair lab will send the authorization number to the customer directly or to the distributor as per applicable case.

The RMA authorization number shall be clearly marked on the packaging and on the return transport document.

WARNING: Failure to indicate the RMA number on the external packaging will entitle our warehouse to refuse the delivery upon arrival and to return the parcel at sender’s charge.

The material must be shipped:

- within 15 working days from the receipt of the return authorization number

- free destination i.e. all transport expenses at sender’s charge.

- to the following address: Akse S.r.l.

Via Aldo Moro, 39 - 42100 Reggio Emilia (RE) - Italy

Atn. Repair laboratory

- the units covered by warranty must be returned in their original packaging.

1.3.1 RE-SHIPPING OF REPAIRED PRODUCT

The terms for re-shipment of repaired products are ex-works, i.e. the transport costs are at customer charge.

Products returned as detective but found to be perfectly working by our laboratories, will be charged a fixed fee (40.00 Euro + VAT where applicable) to account for checking and testing time irrespective of the warranty terms.

Pag. 5 di 80

1.3.2 Return Material Authorization (RMA form)

Request for the authorization number for the return of goods

Date:

Company:

Contact name:

TEL: FAX:

Product description:

Serial number:

Description of the returned accessories (if any):

Original purchase Invoice (or Shipping document) number and date.

NB: The proof of purchase must be provided by the customer. Failure to complete this area will automatically void all warranty.

Detailed description of the malfunction and of the operating conditions when the fault occurred

Tick off for a quotation

Should a product be found by our laboratories to be perfectly working, a fixed amount of 40 Euro (+VAT if applicable) will be charged to account for checking and testing time irrespective of the warranty terms.

Space reserved to AKSE

R.M.A. No.

The RMA number shall be clearly indicated on the external packaging and on the shipping document:. Failure to observe this requirement will entitle the AKSE warehouse to refuse the delivery.

Pag. 6 di 80

2 Safety

This instrument was manufactured and tested in compliance with IEC 61010 class 2 standards for operating voltages up to 250 VAC rms phase to neutral.

In order to maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation, the user must comply with the indications and markings contained in the following instructions:

• When the instrument is received, before starting its installation, check that it is intact and no damage occurred during transport.

• Before mounting, ensure that the instrument operating voltages and the mains voltage are compatible then proceed with the installation.

• The instrument power supply needs no earth connection.

• The instrument is not equipped with a power supply fuse; a suitable external protection fuse must be foreseen by the contractor.

• Maintenance and/or repair must be carried out only by qualified, authorized personnel

• If there is ever the suspicion that safe operation is no longer possible, the instrument must be taken out of service and precautions taken against its accidental use.

• Operation is no longer safe when:

1) There is clearly visible damage.

2) The instrument no longer functions.

3) After lengthy storage in unfavourable conditions.

4) After serious damage occurred during transport

The instruments must be installed in respect of all the local regulations.

Warning:

Failure to observe the following instructions may lead to a serious danger of death.

-

During normal operation dangerous voltages can occur on instrument terminals and on voltage and current transformers. Energized voltage and current transformers may generate lethal voltages. Follow carefully the standard safety precautions while carrying out any installation or service operation.

-

The terminals of the instrument must not be accessible by the user after the installation.

The user should only be allowed to access the instrument front panel where the display is located.

-

Do not use the digital outputs for protection functions nor for power limitation functions.

The instrument is suitable only for secondary protection functions.

-

The instrument must be protected by a breaking device capable of interrupting both the power supply and the measurement terminals. It must be easily reachable by the operator and well identified as instrument cut-off device.

-

The instrument and its connections must be carefully protected against short-circuit.

Precautions:

Failure to respect the following instructions may irreversibly damage to the instrument.

- The instrument is equipped with PTC current limiting device but a suitable external protection fuse should be foreseen by the contractor.

-

The outputs and the options operate at low voltage level; they cannot be powered by any unspecified external voltage.

-

The application of currents not compatible with the current inputs levels will damage to the instrument.

Pag. 7 di 80

3 Mounting

3.1 Dimensions

3.2 Fixing and blocking

The connection terminals of the instrument are held in place by a plastic panel, which must be mounted using 4 screws (supplied). This set up will prevent the disconnection of the current measurement terminals.

Pag. 8 di 80

Power Supply

The instrument is fitted with a separated power supply with extended functioning range. The terminals for the power supply are numbered (13 and 14). Use cables with max cross-section of 4 mm

2

.

4.1 Measurement Connections

4.1.1 Voltage connection

Use cables with max cross-section of 4 mm

2

and connect them to the terminals marked VOLTAGE INPUT on the instrument according to the applicable diagrams that follow.

4.1.2 Current connection

It is necessary to use external CTs with a primary rating adequate to the load to be metered and with a 5A secondary rating. The number of CTs to be used (1, 2 or 3) depends upon the type of network.

Connect the CT output(s) to the terminals marked CURRENT INPUT of the instrument according to the applicable diagrams that follow.

Use cables with cross-section adequate to the VA rating of the CT and to the distance to be covered. The max cross-section for the terminals is 4 mm

2

.

N.B. The CT secondary must always be in short circuit when not connected to the instrument in order to avoid damages and risks for the operator.

Warning: THE PHASE RELATIONSHIP AMONG VOLTAGE AND CURRENT SIGNALS MUST BE

CAREFULLY RESPECTED. ALL DISREGARD OF THIS RULE OR OF THE WIRING

DIAGRAM LEADS TO SEVERE MEASUREMENT ERRORS.

Pag. 9 di 80

4.1.3 4W Star Connection (4 wires)

Low voltage 3 CTs

Configuration 3P 4W

Medium/High Voltage 3 PTs 3 CTs

Configuration 3P 4W

Low Voltage 1 CT (balanced and symmetric)

Configuration 3P-b 4W

Pag. 10 di 80

4.1.4 3W Delta Connection (3 wires)

Connection with 3 CTs Connection with 1CT

Low Voltage 3 CTs

3P 3W Configuration

4.1.4.1 L1 L3 Phase Connection with 2 CTs

Low Voltage 1 CT

(Balanced and symmetric)

3P-b 3W Configuration

Low Voltage Medium/High Voltage

Pag. 11 di 80

4.1.4.2 L1 L2 Phase Connection with 2 CTs

Low Voltage 2 CTs

3P

4.1.5 2 Wire Connection (single phase)

Medium/High Voltage 2 CTs 2 PTs

Low Voltage Neutral phase 1 Ct


Pag. 12 di 80

4.1.6 2 Wire Connection (double phase)

Low Voltage phase 1 CT


The instrument is equipped with two opto-isolated transistor outputs rated 27 Vdc, 27 mA (DIN 43864 standards).

The outputs working mode is set by default to operate as pulse output proportional to the Active energy

(output 1) and to the Reactive energy (output 2). They support an output rate of 1.000 pulses per kWh (or kvarh) referred to the instrument input range without any CT and PT multiplier.

In order to calculate the energy value of each pulse the following formula must be considered.

K

P

=

K

CT

Pulse

×

/

K

PT

kWh

Where: K

p

= energy of each pulse; K

CT

= CT ratio ; K

PT

= PT ratio ;

Pulse/kWh = Pulse rate

Example: CT = 100/5; PT = 20.000/100

K

P

=

20

×

200

=

4

kWh

/

pulse

or kWh = Pulse count / 4

1000

Other pulse rate settings may be however programmed as described in the instrument set up section.

The operating mode of the digital outputs may also be changed to work as alarm output or as remote output device controlled by the Modbus protocol as described in the instrument set up section.

Pag. 13 di 80

4.3 Connecting Optional Components

The optional components of FLASH are assembled on the back panel of the instrument, where the RJ45 connectors are located

The optional component feature settings are only displayed when one of them is connected to the instrument

CN1 = 4-20 mA module or Hardware key

CN2 = RS485 or RS232 interface

4.3.1 RS485 Option

Pag. 14 di 80

4.3.2 RS232 Option

4.3.3 Double 4-20 mA analogic Output Option

Self powered output, do not use external power supply.

Pag. 15 di 80

5 Instrument Use

The programming procedure allows to vary the instrument functioning parameters.

You can enter the procedure with the button Program located at the back of the instrument.

In this environment, you can enter the measurement parameters and the network configuration.

The various fields can be selected by pressing the button which also allows navigating to all the Setup pages

Pressing the and buttons you can modify the selected input fields (flashing)

The content of a field can be either numeric or a parameter controlling the device behavior.

The button advances to the next page, while selects the previous page

By pressing the button PROGRAM (while in any configuration page) the menu is exited and the configuration saved.

Pag. 16 di 80

5.1.1 Set up sequence

Within the first page of the instrument set up menu, the following functions are available too.

- a pressure of the key opens the energy counters reset page.

- a pressure of the key opens the reset page of the average and maximum demand.

Here below the page format and the programming flow.

NOTE: all the modifications to the instrument programming parameters are effective only when you exit the programming page pressing the PROGRAM button located on the instrument rear panel.

Pag. 17 di 80

5.1.2 Configuration Procedure

5.1.2.1 Electrical

The first programming page shows the configuration of the type of electrical system.

The first selection sets the type of electrical system and the type of wiring used:

• 3 phase 4 wire system

• 3 phase 3 wire system

, Star ,

, delta ,

• balanced 3 phase 4 wire system (1 CT only)

• balanced 3 phase 3 wire system

,

,

Pag. 18 di 80

phase

• double phase system

.

The second selection sets whether the operating mode is:

• Import only user

The instrument is set by default to

CTs connection errors

and Import only mode. and automatically corrects possible

The following page enables to set the type of voltage measurement.

If the voltage measurement is direct in low voltage, select

;

the menu passes directly to the currents setting page.

If the voltage measurement is made on the HT side and/or via a voltage transformer, select proceed to the next page for setting the Volatge transformer (PT) primary and secondary values

and

Enter the PT rated primary and secondary values indicated on the PT label; the values taken by measurement are unsuitable to this purpose. The primary and the secondary values must be integers, the ratio can also be fractional. The instrument is set by default to .

After the voltage setting, the current set up page is prompted for programming the CT values; it requires the entry of the CT primary rating and the CT secondary rating.

Ensure to enter the CT rated primary and secondary values as indicated on the CT label.

When using 2 or 3 current transformers ensure that all the current transformers have the same ratings.

The instrument is set by default to [

00001/1

]

.

The next page allows to set the integration time for calculating the Average and the Maximum Demand.

The value is expressed in minutes in a 1 to 60 min. range.

Pag. 19 di 80

The instrument supports two average values: one calculated by using the sliding window method and the other one calculated on a fixed time basis. The time setting that is programmed by keyboard is the average demand integration time with the sliding window method. The Maximum Demand too is calculated on the sliding window basis.

The integration time on a fixed time basis is used for storing the energy data however this setting is available only as a MODBUS register via serial port setting.

5.1.2.2 Communication Parameters Configuration

This menu appear only upon connection to the instrument of an RS-485 or an RS-232 optional module.

The setting of the RS485 communication characteristics requires to scroll the programming pages with two keys;

The key advances to the next page, the key returns to the previous page

The first page is the following:

This page enables the setting of respectively:

- communication

- number of data bits

- parity

- stop bits

All these data are correlated depending upon the stop bit value.

Additional parameters regarding the MODBUS communication protocol may be set in the next page:

- Mode: it may be configured to RTU or to ASC (ASCII) mode.

- Slave

- Transmission delay; it stands for the time delay the instrument will wait prior to reply to a data query. It is expressed in milliseconds, the default value is 100 msec and a 0 setting is also possible.

The instrument is equipped with 2 digital outputs that are set by default to operate as pulse outputs proportional to P

∑

(output 1) and Q

∑

(output 2) at a rate of 1.000 pulses per kWh (or kvarh) referred to the instrument range without any CT and PT multiplier.

The operating mode of digital outputs may be changed to operate as alarm output or as remote output device controlled by the Modbus protocol.

When operating on the Modbus protocol, in order to ensure a protection to the outputs in case of communication failure, it is possible to configure a watchdog timer (programmable from 0 to 60 minutes; 0

= disabled).

The following entry fields are prompted (example for output 1):

(1) Digital out number

being programmed.

(2) Contact:

it configures the rest state of the output transistor.

n.c.

normally closed or

n.o.

normally open:

(3) Mode

of operation:

PULSE

ALARM

for operation as alarm contact output

Pag. 20 di 80

5.1.2.4 Pulse characteristics configuration

If the PULSE selection is operated, the following page is shown allowing the configuration of the pulse characteristics:

Where:

(1) Pulse output number being programmed.

(2) Pulse duration in mSec; programmable from 50 up to 900 in steps of 10

(3) Identifies the quantity proportional to the Pulse output, selecting among:

Import Active Power (import)

Inductive reactive Power with import Active Power

Capacitive reactive Power with import Active Power

Apparent Power with import Active Power

Export Active Power (export)

Inductive reactive Power with export Active Power

Capacitive reactive Power with export Active Power

Apparent Power with export Active Power

(4) the pulses take into account the CT and PT ratio and are referred to their primary readings the pulses are referred to the CT (and PT) secondary reading without any multiplier .

(5) Pulse weight: programmable from 0,1 Wh up to 1 MWh through all the intermediate steps.

Example: 1.0 Wh = 1000 pulses/kWh.

(6) Identifies SETUP.

5.1.2.4.1 Pulse output set up with Modbus registers.

To set up the pulse output the Modbus Holding Registers from 120 to 127 have to be used.

Refer to chapter 9 for the details.

Pag. 21 di 80

The Instrument is equipped with two alarms that are triggered by a programmable threshold on anyone of the measured parameters.

The types of alarm available are: maximum, minimum and 1-of-3.

A minimum alarm is triggered when the selected parameter is lower than the alarm threshold.

A maximum alarm is triggered when the selected parameter exceeds the alarm threshold.

A 1-of-3 alarm is triggered when anyone of the phase readings, whichever the phase involved, trespasses the alarm threshold – this alarm can be either maximum or minimum. On a 1-of-3 current alarm, the threshold is expressed as percentage (rather than a value) that stands for the unbalance between the phases. The alarm therefore triggers when the percent difference between two of the three phases exceeds the threshold; it is calculated as 100 x (I max

– I min

)/I max

.

All alarms allow also the setting of an hysteresys and a delay time.

The hysteresys (in percent) sets the difference between the triggering threshold and the end threshold

(this prevents repeated alarm triggering when the reading oscillates around the trigger value). Example: a

5% hysteresys on a threshold of 100, triggers the alarm when the reading exceeds 100 but it will switch off the alarm when the reading becomes lower than 95.

The delay time sets a time delay for triggering on the alarm after its actual occurrence (or triggering off after its actual end).

The alarm setup procedure is activated from the output configuration screen or at the end of page configuration using the button or the

The fields meaning of Alarm 1 is as follows:

button.

(A) Alarm No. identification (AL1 = alarm 1 that may be associated to output 1)

(1)Parameter type applying to Alarm 1. The possible choices are:

-- Disabled

U Voltage f Frequency

I Current

Power

Power

Power

λ (PF)

THD

THD

U

Power Factor

Total Harmonic Distortion (voltage)

I

Total Harmonic Distortion (current)

(2) Quantity definition: The possible definitions are:

Average star value (voltage, current and THD only).

Average system voltage (voltage and voltage THD only)

Pag. 22 di 80

L1

L2

L3

L1-L2

L2-L3

L3-L1

1di 3

Neutral value (current only)

Three phase power (only on active, reactive, apparent power)

Phase 1 quantity.

Phase 2 quantity.

Phase 3 quantity.

Phase L1 phase L2 value (Phase to phase Voltages and THD only)



Alarm on all three phases. The symbols L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L1 are flashing

(voltage and THD only).

1di 3 Alarm on all the three phases. The symbols L1, L2 and L3 are flashing

(voltage,current and THD only).

AVG Alarm on average powers.

(3)Threshold voltage: programmable in the range –1999 +1999

(4)Decimal point position. The quantity can be scaled by powers of ten by using the m, K, M symbols and the decimal point. Range is between 10-3 and 109.

(5)Hysteresis value, from 0% to 99%

(6)Latency time, from 0 to 99 seconds

(7)Output trigger type. n=normal (the relay is active for the duration of the alarm), p=pulsed (the alarm triggering generates a pulse).

(8) Alarm type: M=max; m=min

The procedure for alarm 2 is identical.

5.1.2.5.1 Alarm set up with Modbus registers.

To set up the alarm t the Modbus Holding Registers from 95 to 106 have to be used.


Pag. 23 di 80

5.1.2.6 Analog 4-20 mA Outputs Configuration.

The instrument supports two 4-20 mA or 0-20 mA analog outputs with 500 ohms maximum load. Each output is to one of the parameters handled by the instrument.

The output is updated every 10 cycles of the network frequency (i.e. every 200mSec with 50 Hz mains) with a maximum delay of 50 mSec from the actual measurement.

(A)Output identification, A.o.1 = Analog output 1.

(1) Parameter applying. The possible choices are:

--

U

Disabled

Voltage f Frequency

I Current

P Active

Q Reactive

S Apparent

λ (PF)

THD

THD

U

I

Power

Power Factor

Total Harmonic Distortion (Voltage)

Total Harmonic Distortion (Current)

(2) Parameter definition: The possible choices are:

L1

Average star value (applicable to voltage, current and THD only).

Average system value (applicable to voltage and THD only).

Neutral value (applicable to current only)

Three phase value (applicable to active, reactive and apparent power only)

Phase 1 Value.

Pag. 24 di 80

L2

L3

L1-L2

L2-L3

L3-L1

AVG

Phase 2 Value.

Phase 3 Value.

Phase-phase (L1-L2) value (applicable to system voltages and THD only)

Phase-phase (L2-L3) value (applicable to system voltages and THD only)

Phase-phase (L3-L1) value applicable to system voltages and THD only)

Average value (applicable to average powers - demand - only).

(3) Threshold voltage: programmable in the range –1999 +1999

(4) The quantity can be scaled by powers of ten by using the m, K, M symbols and the decimal point.

Range is between 10-3 and 109.

(5) Beginning of range value (4 or 0 mA), programmable from –1999 to 1999.

(6) It can be associated to the above value and it identifies it as end of scale value (end of range symbol). It cannot be modified.

(7) Associated to the value above identifies it as beginning of range value (empty on 0 mA, two marks on 4 mA). It cannot be changed

(8) Output type: 4-20 mA or 0-20 mA.

Output 2 requires the same procedure

5.1.2.6.1 Analog output set up with Modbus registers.

To set up the analog output the Modbus Holding Registers from 80 to 91 have to be used.


5.1.2.6.2 4-20 mA output configuration of the average AVG values

In Import-Export mode, the instrument can provide the measuring on the 4 dials, but the selection can be made on a dial at a time.

In selection mode, the measures are visualized as follows:

Import Active Power (import)

Inductive reactive Power with import Active Power.

Capacitive reactive Power with import Active Power

Apparent Power with import Active Power

Export Active Power (export)

Inductive reactive Power with export Active Power

Capacitive reactive Power with export Active Power

Apparent Power with export Active Power

The quadrant selection is operated according to the following trigonometric convention:

Pag. 25 di 80

5.1.3 Reset Procedure

In order to reset the Average Powers, the Maximum Demand and the Energy counters it is necessary to:

- Enter into the programming menu by pressing the PROGRAM button.

- Press key to display the powers reset page or the key to display the energy counters reset page.

- Select YES to reset, NO to skip. Resetting is confirmed by pressing the

key that executes the reset and returns automatically to the readings pages.

- The reset operation clears all the average powers and the Maximum Demand.

It is also possible to exit the procedure, at any time without resetting, by pressing the PROGRAM button.

Pag. 26 di 80

5.2 Readings

5.2.1 Readings selection keys

The visualization of the measurements is through buttons:

Voltage and frequency visualizations.

Current visualization.

Power visualization.

Power factor visualization

Energy visualization.

Functioning time visualization.

These buttons allow you to move up and down in the measurement pages.

This button is not used in measurement visualization.

5.2.1.1 Voltage and Frequency Readings

By pressing once the key, a first voltage readings page is prompted showing the phase-neutral voltages and, on the bottom right side of the display, the average 3-phase system voltage.

By pressing the key, a second voltage readings page is prompted showing the phase-phase voltages and, on the bottom right side of the display, the average phase-neutral system voltage.

Another pressure of the key prompts the total harmonic distortion readings of the voltage of each phase.

By pressing again the key the frequency is shown on the lower right side on thedisplay.

5.2.1.1.1 3P 4 W Configuration

Pag. 27 di 80

5.2.1.1.2 3P 3 W Configuration

5.2.1.1.3 3P-b 4W Configuration


5.2.1.1.5 1P 2W Configuration


Pag. 28 di 80

By pressing the key, the current readings page is prompted showing the currents of each phase as well as the neutral current.

A pressure of the key prompts the total harmonic distortion readings of the current of each phase.





5.2.1.2.5 1P 2W and 2P 2W Configuration

Pag. 29 di 80

5.2.1.3 Powers

By pressing the key the power reading pages for P Active Power, Q Reactive power and S Apparent power are scrolled in sequence.

By pressing the and keys the average and the maximum powers (Demand and Maximum Demand readings) are displayed.


5.2.1.3.2 3P 4W only Import Configuration.

Pag. 30 di 80

5.2.1.3.3 3P 3W / 3P-b 3W / 2P 2W Configuration



Pag. 31 di 80

By pressing the key, the power factor readings page is prompted showing the PF of each phase as well as the 3-phase reading. Only one page is displayed.

The – sign ahead of the value identifies a capacitive (leading) reading.


5.2.1.4.2 3Pb 4W Configuration

5.2.1.4.3 3P 3W e 3Pb 3W Configuration

5.2.1.4.4 1P 2W e 2P 2W Configuration

5.2.2 Life Time

By pressing the key the instrument calendar clock (time and date) and the life time reading are displayed.

The life time is the instrument operating time (when powered on) since it was manufactured.

The readings is expressed in hours and hour hundredths; it can reach 99.999 hours equal to 11 years. The life time reading reset is not possible.

Pag. 32 di 80

5.2.2.1 Energy

By pressing repeatedly the key, the several energy readings will be displayed consecutively on the lower right part of the screen.

The energy readings may be recalled at any time irrespective the readings page being displayed.

The energy readings will however disappear upon selection of another readings page but they may be recalled, at any time, by pressing the key.

(

The quadrant selection is operated according to the following trigonometric convention:

Where:

E

+

) Import active energy (import)

a

(

E

−

) Export active energy (export)

a

(

E

+

) Inductive reactive energy with import Active Power.

r ind

(

E

+

) Capacitive reactive energy with import Active Power

r cap

(

E

−

) Inductive reactive energy with export Active Power

r ind

(

E

−

) Capacitive reactive energy with export Active Power

r cap

(

E

+

) Apparent Energy with import Active Power

s

(

E

−

) Apparent Energy with export Active Power

s

5.2.2.2 Only Import Energy Display

Pag. 33 di 80

6 Instrument Description

6.1 Introduction

FLASH is a microprocessor based energy analyzer with high flexibility and accuracy.

The patented digital measuring system guarantees high performance with age and thermal stability. This is achieved through sophisticated strategies of automatic offset compensation - used throughout the measurement chain – and through a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) sampling probe.

The automatic rescaling feature on current inputs allows a wide measuring range - from 20mA to 6A in direct connection.

All “true-RMS” measures are obtained with continuous sampling of the voltage and current waveforms: this guarantees maximum accuracy even when rapidly changing loads are present (e.g. electric welding machines).

FLASH can be programmed to analyze three phase networks, both on three and four wires with low or high voltage with 1, 2 or 3 CTs in addition to single phase measurements. The option of setting any required conversion factor on the voltage and current inputs makes FLASH suitable for use in both high and low voltage networks.

It can measure the energy and the peak on the 4 quadrants (active, reactive and apparent).

The instrument firmware is kept in flash memory and can be updated through a serial port, using the same communication protocol. The upgrade uses special security provisions to ensure continued operations even in presence of communication failures.

All input, output, and power supply ports are electrically separated for maximum safety and noise reduction under any operating conditions.

The in-house testing and calibration process is completely automated: a conformity certificate and calibration report are supplied with each unit.

The custom designed LCD display has three 3 ½ digit lines and a 7 digit line and an extended symbol and character set, allowing the simultaneous display of 4 measurements. Three 11-segment bar graphs give immediate feedback on the overall measuring process.

The wide keyboard, with its 9 silicon rubber coated keys, clearly marked with function, allows a simple and intuitive use of the instrument.

FLASH is completely programmable, from either the keyboard or a PC remote connection (only for models with communication port). It is therefore the ideal solution for all the power measurement and management needs in the industrial environment.

The instrument is equipped with two optically insulated transistor driven outputs with capacity load of 27

Vdc 27 mA according to 43864 Din standard.

They can be used either as pulse output or as alarm and are fully programmable by the user on different parameters and with different pulse frequency and duration.

The factory setting is with one output is proportional to the active energy, while the other to the reactive energy and an output frequency of 1000 pulses per kWh (or kvarh) and 50 ms pulse time.

The pulses number is referred to the instrument end of range without the CT and VT scale factors.

6.2 Simplicity and versatility

Keyboard programming is extremely easy and allows setting of:

• Connection type (star and delta)

• Low Tension or Medium Tension

• Setting of CTs and VTs values (freely settable)

• Integration time (1-99 min.)

• RS485 features (speed, parity and data format)

• Alarm threshold for the Active Power.

• Analog

• Pulses

• ...and all other functions available

The sameFunctions can be programmed via PC

Pag. 34 di 80

6.3 Total harmonic distortion Measurement (THD)

The instrument gives an evaluation of the energy quality by sampling the total harmonic distortion of the 3 voltages and 3 currents.

These functions are extremely useful to control the quality of the energy supplied by the Public Utility, because of the large number of distorting loads in industrial plants.

Energy is displayed on a 6 digit display with floating point.

The energy counters are stored on counters with minimum definition equal to 0,1 kWh and maximum counting equal to 99.999.999,9 kWh.

8 counters are available +Ea, -Ea, ++Er, -+Er, +-Er, --Er, +Es, -Es on 4 total quadrants and for each one of the 8 tariff ranger

A red led is located on the instrument front panel pulsing with a 1000 pulse/kWh (or kvarh) and 50 ms pulse duration. The pulses number is referred to the instrument end of range without the CT and VT scale factors.

Outputs

The two outputs are (mostly) used as pulse output on active/reactive power or as output for the internal triggers. In other configurations, where the instruments is controlled – by a PC or PLC - through the RS485 port, the outputs can be used for signaling remote activation/deactivation.

The instrument, even in its basic version, is equipped with two transistor optically insulated outputs with capacity load of 27 Vdc 27 mA according to 43864 Din standard and output frequency of 1000 pulses per kWh (or kvarh) and 50 ms pulse time.

One output is proportional to the active energy while the other to the reactive energy.

The pulses number is referred to the instrument end of range without the CT and TV scale factors.

It is possible to program the output value either according to pulse number and pulse weight

6.8 Alarms

FLASH is triggered and programmed by switchboard and/or Holding registers with MODBUS protocol.

The advanced functions of the Energy Brain configuration software allow to customize each of the two alarms on any available parameter either as a minimum or max alarm. Two different thresholds of the same measurement can be programmed.

Minimum value and maximum value special alarms on voltage are available that can be applied on any of the three phases, one maximum value alarm on current that can be applied on any of the three phases and an unbalanced alarm on any of the three current phases.

A further flexibility in customization is provided by the possibility to program the alarm management through:

• Delay time (between 1 and 59 sec.) that is activation delay. Example: avoid alarms due to short signal peaks.

• Hysteresis, that is the cycle between the alarm activation value and the alarm deactivation value. It is an extremely useful function to avoid ringing and false triggering. Example: Current alarm set on

100A Max with 5% Hysteresis. The alarm is activated at 100 A and is deactivated at 95 A. The two alarms can be associated singularly to:

• Output relays. In this case the output relays are activated by the exceeded threshold

• RS485 data line. The relays are disabled and the alarm consolidation are disabled and the alarm condition is available as information on information on RS485. data line.

Pag. 35 di 80

6.9 Communication

The device can be connected to a PC through an optional RS485 or RS232 port using the MODBUS communication protocol (MODBUS, developed by AEG-MODICON, is a standard in the PLC industry and widely utilized by SCADA systems for industrial plants management).

Data read by the device can be read as the content of numeric registers, in the standard mantissa/exponent floating point IEEE format.

The communication port can be operated at any speed between 2400 bps through 38400 bps without wait states between 2 requests with a limitation on the number of registers equal to 124 registers (62 parameters)

When using the optional RS485 port, the connection uses a standard telephone pair without need of signal regeneration/amplification for distances up to 1,000 m. Up to 128 devices can be connected on the same network branch. Using line amplifiers, it is possible to connect up to 247 instruments or 1,000 m network segments.

6.10 Average and peak Energy

While the FLASH was designed to measure energy consumption (the so called import mode), it can be configured to work in import/export mode. When in import mode, the device automatically compensates wiring errors on CTs (e.g. for current flow). On the other hand, when in import/export mode, all the energy, average and peak counters are open for measurement in the four quadrants.

7.1.1 FLASH

Energy Analyzer

Very accurate and stable measurement system thanks to the digital signal elaboration;

Continuous sampling of the wave shape of voltages and currents;

Offset automatic compensation of the measurement chain;

Current inputs with automatic scale change;

True-RMS measurements (up to the 31 st harmonic);

Class 1 on the Active Power in compliance with IEC EN 61036;

Neutral current calculation;

Working temperature -20/+60 °C.

Programmable digital outputs

Insertion on electric 3 phase unbalanced 3 or 4 wire networks, single phase networks and on balanced symmetrical three phase 3or 4 wire networks

Software upgrade on line

Timer;

LCD display with white white LED baclight;

Calibration verification LED through optical devices;

Easy to use, thanks to the 9 button keyboard with explicit function indication;

To be used with low or high voltages (programmable relationship between VTs and CTs);

Extended range power supply (85

÷ 265 Vac, 100 ÷ 374 Vdc) separated from the measurement inputs;

2 slots for optional expansion modules:

− RS-232 o RS-485 Communication port;

− 4-20 mA Double analogue output;

− Further devices for future applications;

Galvanic insulation among all input and output ports;

Firmware which can be upgraded to support new functions;

6 unit Din rail mounting;

Compliant with all the international standards.

Measurement of the total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltages and currents;

Average and Max Demand powers (on 4 quadrants) with programmable integration time;

Pag. 36 di 80

Internal energy counters (on 4 quadrants).

2 digital outputs (DIN 43864) with programmable functions:

− Pulse outputs for energy counting;

− Event signaling (alarms);

− Remote control of external devices.

7.1.2 Options

RS485 optically insulated interface module with programmable speed from 2400 bps to 38400 bps.

It is connected to the instrument via a connector and then can be easily fixed at the back with screws.

It can be network connected with other instruments up to 1000 m maximum distance and up to 128 instruments. For longer distances or more instruments, an amplifier is necessary.

RS232 optically insulated interface module with programmable speed from 2400 bps to 38400 bps.

It is connected to the instrument via a connector and then can be easily fixed at the back with screws.

7.1.2.3 2 x 4-20 mA Analog Output

4-20 o 0-20 mA analogue double output, galvanically insulated with high accuracy and reliability.

The output is the result of a conversion from digital to analogue with definition higher than 10 bit, maintaining the original measurement accuracy.

The two outputs can be linked to any measurement parameter with update every 200 ms on primary parameters.

For the average power the output update is every minute due to the parameter itself.

It can be set to a 0 value (4 or 0 mA) a positive or negative value of the selected parameter and to nevertheless set to 20 mA end of scale, a lower value than the instrument end of scale. The end of scale provides for an operation margin up to 24 mA.

If the parameter has a value different from the set ones, the output will be 0 mA.

Pag. 37 di 80

8 Parameters and formulas

For each type of connection, the available readings as well as the formulas used for their calculation are provided.

The redings not available will be displayed as in place of the value.

8.1 3P 4W Three phase with 4 wire neutral

I

1

1

U

1N

I

1N

1

N

I

3N

I

2N

N

I

3

3

3 2 U

2N

U

3N

2

I

2

Current inputs

Voltage inputs

8.1.1 Available Reading:

1 Frequency:

Voltage frequency

V

1

N

:

f

Phase Voltages:

Average Phase Voltages:

Phase-phase Voltages:

U

,

12

U

,

23

U

31

Mean Phase-phase Voltage:

Phase Current:

Neutral Current:

Mean three phase Current:

U

1

N

U

λ

,

U

2

N

,

U

3

N

U

∆

I

,

1

I

,

2

I

3

I

N

I

Σ

3 Total harmonic Distortion (in percentage):

Phase Voltages THD:

Mean 3 phase voltage THD:

Phase Current THD:

Mean 3 phase current THD:

THD

U

1

N

,

THD

U

2

N

,

THD

U

3

N

THD

U

λ

THD

I

1

,

THD

I

2

,

THD

I

3

THD

I

Σ

4 Power (on the short period):

Phase Active Powers:

P

1

,

P

2

,

P

3

3 Phase Active Power:

Phase reactive Powers:

3 Phase Reactive Power:

Phase apparent Powers:

P

Σ

Q

,

1

Q

,

2

Q

3

Q

Σ

S

1

,

S

2

,

S

3

Pag. 38 di 80

3 Phase Apparent Power:

S

Σ

Phase Power Factor:

3 Phase Power Factor:

λ

,

1

λ

,

2

λ

3

λ

Σ

6 Energies:

Active Energy (import):

E

+

a

Active Energy (export):

Inductive reactive Energy with import Active Power:

Capacitive reactive Energy with import Active Power:

Inductive reactive Energy with export Active Power:

Capacitive reactive Energy with export Active Power:

Apparent Energy with import Active Power:

Apparent Energy with export Active Power:

E

−

a

E

+

r ind

E

+

r cap

E

−

r ind

E

−

r cap

E

+

s

E

−

s

7 Average Power integrated over the programmed integration period

“Sliding Average”,

Average import Active Power:

Average export Active Power:

P

+

AVG

P

−

AVG

Average inductive reactive Power with import Active Power:

Q

+

AVG ind

Average capacitive reactive Power with import Active Power:

Average inductive reactive Power with export Active Power:

Average capacitive reactive Power with export Active Power:

Average apparent Power with import Active Power:

Average apparent Power with export Active Power:

Q

+

AVG cap

Q

−

AVG ind

Q

−

AVG cap

S

+

AVG

S

−

AVG

M.D. of import Active Power

M.D. of export Active Power:

M.D. of inductive reactive Power with import Active Power:

M.D. of capacitive reactive Power with import Active Power:

M.D. of inductive reactive Power with export Active Power:

M.D. of capacitive reactive Power with export Active Power:

M.D. of apparent Power with import Active Power:

M.D. of apparent Power with export Active Power:

9 Time:

Life Timer

t

P

+

M

.D .

P

−

M

.D .

Q

+

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

+

M

.

D

.

cap

Q

−

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

−

M

.

D

.

cap

S

+

M

.D .

S

−

M

.D .

Pag. 39 di 80

8.1.2 Measurement Formulas:

Phase Voltages:

U

1

N

,

U

2

N

,

U

3

N

U

1

N

=

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

2

U

1

N

U


U

12

,

U

,

23

U

31

=

1

M

M n

∑

=

−

1

0

U

2

2

N

;

U

3

N

=

U

12

=

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

[

U

1

N

−

U

2

N

( ) ]

2

;

U

23

=

1

M

M

∑

n

=

−

0

1

[

U

2

N

( )

−

U

( )

3

N

]

2 where:

U

1

N

( )

,

U

2

N

( )

,

U

3

N

( )

are the star voltage samples;

;

U

31

M

is the number of samples taken over a period (64);

M

Star Voltages THD

THD

U

1

N

,

THD

U

2

N

,

THD

U

3

N

in %

THD

U

1

N

=

100

2

N n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

2

1

N

(

n

)

⎣

⎢

⎡

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

) cos

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

−

1

=

THD

U

2

N

=

100

THD

U

3

N

=

100

2

N

2

N

⎣

⎢

⎡

N n

=

−

1

∑

0

U

2

N

N n

∑

=

0

−

1

U

2

2

N

(

n

)

(

n

) cos

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

N n

=

−

1

∑

0

U

2

N

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

⎡

⎢

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

U

3

N

(

n

) cos

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

U

2

3

N

(

n

)

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

+

⎡

⎢

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

3

N

(

n

) sin

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

−

1

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

2

3

N

1

M

M n

∑

=

0

−

1

[

U

3

N

( )

−

U

1

N

( ) ]

2

Line Currents (coincident with the phase currents):

I

1

,

I

2

,

I

3

I

1

=

1

M

M n

∑

=

−

1

0

I

1

2

;

I

2

=

1

M

M n

∑

=

−

1

0

I

2

2

I

1

( ) ( ) ( )

2

,

3

are the samples of the line currents.

;

I

3

=

Neutral Current

I

N

I

N

=

1

M

M

∑

n

=

0

−

1

[

I

1

( )

+

I

2

( )

+

I

3

( )

]

2

Phase Currents THD:

THD

I

1

,

THD

I

2

,

THD

I

3

THD

I

1

=

100

2

N

N n

=

−

1

∑

0

I

1

2

(

n

)

⎧

⎪⎩

⎢

⎣

⎡

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

I

1

(

n

) cos

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

I

1

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

⎫

⎪⎭

−

1

1

M

M n

∑

=

−

1

0

I

3

2

Pag. 40 di 80

THD

I

2

=

100

2

N

⎣

⎢

⎡

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

2

(

n

) cos

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

2

2

(

n

)

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

I

2

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

−

1

THD

I

3

=

100

2

N

⎣

⎢

⎡

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

3

(

n

) cos

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

I

3

2

(

n

)

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

N

∑

n

=

−

1

0

I

3

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

−

1


P

1

,

P

2

,

P

3

;

P

1

=

1

M

M

∑

−

1

n

=

0

U

1

N

I

1

;

P

2

=

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

2

N

( ) ( )

2

n

;

Phase reactive Powers:

Q

1

,

Q

2

,

Q

3

Q

1

=

1

M

M

∑

−

1

n

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

+

M

4

I

1

;

Q

3

=

1

M

M n

∑

−

1

=

0

U

3

N

(

n

+

M

4

3


S

1

,

S

2

,

S

3

S

1

=

U

1

I

1

Q

2

=

1

M

M n

∑

−

1

=

0

U

2

N

P

3

(

n

=

1

M

+

M

S

2

=

U

2

I

2

n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

3

N

( ) ( )

3

n

4

2

;

S

3

=

U

3

I

3

Phase Power Factors:

λ

1

,

λ

2

,

λ

3

λ

1

=

P

1

sign

S

1 where sign(x) is equal to 1 with x > 0, to -1 with x < 0.

Average star Voltage

U

λ

Mean phase-phase Voltage

U

∆

Average THD of the star voltages:

THD

U

λ

λ

2

=

P

2

S

2

sign

U

U

λ

∆

=

U

1

N

=

U

12

+

U

2

N

3

+

U

23

+

U

31

3

+

U

3

N

THD

U

λ

=

THD

U

1

N

+

THD

U

2

N

3

Three phase Current

Average THD of the phase currents:

THD

I

Σ

Total Active Power:

Total reactive Power:

I

Σ

P

Σ

Q

Σ

λ

3

=

P

3

S

3

sign

+

THD

U

3

N

I

Σ

=

U

S

Σ

∆

3

THD

I

Σ

=

THD

I

1

+

THD

I

2

3

P

Σ

Q

Σ

=

=

P

1

Q

1

+

P

2

+

Q

2

+

+

P

3

Q

3

+

THD

I

3

Total apparent Power:

S

Σ

S

Σ

=

P

Σ

2

+

Q

2

Σ


λ

Σ

λ

Σ

=

P

Σ where sign(x) is equal to 1 with x > 0, to -1 with x < 0.

S

Σ

sign

Pag. 41 di 80

8.2 3P 3W Three phase without neutral

I

1

1

1

I

31

I

23

I

3

3

3

I

2

2


1 Frequency:

Voltage frequency

V

1

N

:

Current inputs

I

12

U

12

2

U

23

U

31

Voltage inputs

f


U

12

,

U

23

,

U

31

Mean Phase-phase Voltage:

Line Currents:

Mean three phase Current:

U

∆

I

1

,

I

2

,

I

3

I

Σ

3 Total harmonic distortion (in percentage):

THD of the Phase to phase Voltages

Average THD of the Phase to phase Voltages

THD of the line currents:

Average THD of the line currents

THD

,

U

12

THD

U

23

,

THD

U

31

THD

U

∆

THD

I

1

,

THD

I

2

,

THD

I

3

THD

I

Σ





P

Σ

S

Σ

λ

Σ


6 Energies:


E a

+






E

−

a

E r

+

ind

E r

+

cap

E r

−

ind

E r

−

cap

Pag. 42 di 80



E

+

s

E s

−


“Sliding Average”,:

Import average Active Power:

Export average Active Power:

P

+

AVG

P

−

AVG


Q

+

AVG ind






Q

+

AVG cap

Q

−

AVG ind

Q

−

AVG cap

S

+

AVG

S

−

AVG

M.D. of import Active Power:








Life Timer

9 Time:

t

P

+

M

.D .

P

−

M

.D .

Q

+

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

+

M

.

D

.

cap

Q

−

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

−

M

.

D

.

cap

S

+

M

.D .

S

−

M

.D .

Pag. 43 di 80



U

12

,

U

23

,

U

31

U

12

=

1

M

M n

∑

=

−

1

0

2

U

12

;

U

23

=

1

M

M n

∑

=

−

1

0

U

23

2

;

U

31

U

12

( )

,

U

23

( )

,

U

31

( )

are the Phase to phase Voltages samples.

M is the number of samples taken over a period (64)

Phase to phase Voltages THD

THD

,

U

12

THD

,

U

23

THD

in %

U

31

THD

U

12

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

U

12

(

n

) cos

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

U

2

12

(

n

)

2

π

n

⎤

⎥

2

N

+

⎡

⎢

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

U

12

(

n

) sin

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

=

THD

U

23

=

100

THD

U

31

=

100

2

N

2

N

⎧

⎪⎩

⎡

⎣

⎢

N

−

1

∑

U n

=

0

23

(

n

) cos

⎝

⎜

⎛

N

−

1

∑

U n

=

0

2

23

(

n

)

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

U

23

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

⎫

⎪⎭

−

1

⎡

⎢

N

−

1

∑

U n

=

0

31

(

n

) cos

N

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

U

2

31

(

n

)

2

π

n

⎤

⎥

2

+

⎡

⎢

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

U

31

(

n

) sin

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

Phase Current:

I

1

,

I

2

,

I

3

I

1

=

1

M

M n

∑

=

−

1

0

I

1

2

;

I

2

=

1

M

M n

∑

=

−

1

0

I

2

2

I

1

( ) ( ) ( )

2

,

3

are the line current samples.

Phase Current THD:

THD

I

1

,

THD

I

2

,

THD

I

3

THD

I

1

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

I

1

(

n

) cos

2

π

n

N n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

I

1

2

(

n

)

⎤

⎥

2

+

⎡

⎢

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

I

1

(

n

) sin

;

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

I

3

=

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

31

2

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

I

3

2

THD

I

2

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

2

(

n

) cos

2

π

n

−

1

N

∑

n

=

0

I

2

2

(

n

)

⎤

⎥

2

+

N

⎡

⎢

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

2

(

n

) sin

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

Pag. 44 di 80

THD

I

3

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

3

(

n

) cos

2

π

n

N n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

⎤

⎥

2

I

3

2

(

n

)

+

⎡

⎢

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

3

(

n

) sin

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

Mean phase-phase Voltage

U

∆

Average THD of the Phase to phase Voltages:

THD

U

∆

U

∆

=

U

12

THD

U

∆

+

U

23

=

3

THD

U

12

+

U

31

+

THD

U

3

23

Three phase current:

Average THD of the phase Currents:

Three phase Active Power:

Three phase reactive Power:

Q

Σ

I

Σ

THD

I

Σ

P

Σ

Q

Σ

=

1

M

+

THD

U

31

I

Σ

=

U

S

Σ

∆

3

THD

I

Σ

=

THD

I

1

+

THD

I

2

3

P

Σ

=

1

M

⎡

⎢

n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

12

I

1

+

THD

I

3

−

M

∑

−

1

n

=

0

U

23

( ) ( )

3

n

⎤

⎥

⎡

⎢

n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

12

(

n

+

M

4

I

1

−

M

−

1

∑

U n

=

0

23

(

n

+

M

4

3

⎤

⎥

Three phase apparent Power:

S

Σ

S

Σ

=

Three phase Power Factor:

λ

Σ

λ

Σ

=

P

Σ

sign

S

Σ where sign(x) is equal to 1 with x > 0, to -1 with x < 0.

P

Σ

2

+

Q

2

Σ

Pag. 45 di 80

4W Balanced Three phase with neutral

I

1

1

I

1N

1

N

3

I

3N

3

N

I

2N

2

2


1 Frequency:

Voltage frequency

V

1

N

:

Current inputs

U

1N

Voltage inputs

f

Star Voltage:

Phase Current:

U

1

N

I

1


Star Voltage THD:

THD

U

1

N

Phase Current THD:

THD

I

1


Phase Active Power:

P

1


Phase Reactive Power:

Q

1




P

Σ

Q

Σ

S

1

S

Σ

Phase Power Factor:


λ

1

6 Energies:


E

+

a






λ

Σ

E a

−

E

+

r ind

E

+

r cap

E

−

r ind

E

−

r cap

Pag. 46 di 80



E

+

s

E s

−





P

+

AVG

P

−

AVG


Q

+

AVG ind






Q

+

AVG cap

Q

−

AVG ind

Q

−

AVG cap

S

+

AVG

S

−

AVG









9 Time:

Life Timer

t

P

+

M

.D .

P

−

M

.D .

Q

+

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

+

M

.

D

.

cap

Q

−

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

−

M

.

D

.

cap

S

+

M

.D .

S

−

M

.D .

Pag. 47 di 80

8.3.2 Measurements Formulas:

Phase Voltages:

U

1

N

U

1

N

=

1

M

where:

U

( )

1

N

are the samples of the star voltages;

M

is the number of samples on a period (64);

Star voltages THD

THD

U

1

N

in %

THD

U

1

N

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

N n

−

1

∑

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

) cos

N n

−

1

∑

=

0

U

2

1

N

(

n

)

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

+

⎡

⎢

N n

−

1

∑

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

) sin

n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

2

1

N

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

Line Current (coincident with the phase current ):

I

1

I

1

=

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

I

1

2

I

1


Phase current THD:

THD

I

1

THD

I

1

=

100

2

N

⎣

⎢

⎡

N n

=

−

1

∑

0

I

1

(

n

) cos

⎝

⎜

⎛

N

∑

n

=

−

1

0

I

1

2

(

n

)

2

π

n

N

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

I

1

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

−

1

Phase Active Power:

P

1

;

Phase reactive Power:

Q

1

P

1

Q

1

=

=

1

M

1

M

M

∑

−

1

n

=

0

U

1

N

M n

∑

−

1

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

+

I

1

M

S

1

=

U

1

I

1

Phase apparent Power:

S

1

Phase Power Factor:

λ

1

λ

1

=

P

1

S


Total Active Power:


Q

Σ

P

Σ

Q

Σ

=

Q

1

P

Σ

=

* 3

P

1

sign

* 3


Total Power Factor:

S

Σ

λ

Σ

S

Σ

=

λ

Σ

= where sign(x) is equal to 1 with x > 0, to -1 with x < 0.

P

Σ

2

λ

1

+

Q

2

Σ

4

I

1

Pag. 48 di 80

8.4 3P-b 3W Balanced three Phase without neutral 3 wires

I

1

1

1

U

12

I

12

I

31

I

23

I

3

3

2

3

2


1 Frequency:

Voltage frequency

V

:

f

23

Current inputs

Voltage inputs


U

12

Phase Current:

I

3


Phase to phase Voltages THD:

Phase Current THD:

THD

U

12

THD

I

3

4 Power (on short period):




S

Σ

P

Σ

Total Power Factor:

λ

Σ

6 Energies:


E

+

a



Capacitive reactive Energy with import Active Power :





E

−

a

E

+

r ind

E

+

r cap

E

−

r ind

E

−

r cap

E

+

s

E

−

s

Pag. 49 di 80





P

+

AVG

P

−

AVG


Q

+

AVG ind






Q

+

AVG cap

Q

−

AVG ind

Q

−

AVG cap

S

+

AVG

S

−

AVG









Life Time

t

P

+

M

.D .

P

−

M

.D .

Q

+

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

+

M

.

D

.

cap

Q

−

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

−

M

.

D

.

cap

S

+

M

.D .

S

−

M

.D .

Pag. 50 di 80



U

12

I

1


THD of the phase currents:

THD

I

3

THD

I

3

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

3

(

n

) cos

2

π

n n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

⎤

⎥

2

N

I

3

2

(

n

)

+

⎡

⎢

N

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

3

(

n

) sin

U

12

=

Where:

U

12

are the samples of the chained values.

M is the number of sampling on a period (64)

Phase to phase Voltages THD

THD

U

23

in %

THD

U

12

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

U

12

(

n

) cos

2

π

n

−

1

N

∑

n

=

0

U

2

12

(

n

)

⎤

⎥

2

+

N

⎡

⎢

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

12

(

n

) sin

2

π

n

N

Line Currents :

I

3

I

3

=

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

1

M

M

∑

−

1

n

=

0

I

3

2

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

1

M

M

∑

−

1

n

=

0

U

12

2

Three phase Active Power:

P

Σ

Three phase reactive Power:

Q

Σ

P

Σ

Q

Σ

=

=

1

M

1

M

⎡

⎢

M n

∑

−

1

=

0

U

23

(

n

+

M

4

) ( )

1

n

⎤

⎥

⎡

⎢

M n

∑

−

1

=

0

U

23

( ) ( )

1

n

⎤

⎥ 3

Three phase apparent Power:

S

Σ

Three phase Power Factor:

λ

Σ

S

Σ

=

P

Σ

2

+

Q

2

Σ

λ

Σ

=

P

Σ

S

Σ

sign

where sign(x) is equal to 1 with x > 0, to -1 with x < 0.

3

Pag. 51 di 80

8.5 1P (2W) Single phase

1

I

1

N

I

1N

1

U

1N


1 Frequency:

Voltage Frequency

V

1

N

:

Current inputs

f

Voltage:

U

1

N

Phase Current:

I

1

Voltage THD:


Phase Current THD:

THD

U

1

N

THD

I

1

Active Power:

Reactive Power:


Apparent Power:

P

1

Q

1

S

1

λ

1

Power Factor :

6 Energies:


E a

+








E

−

a

E r

+

ind

E r

+

cap

E r

−

ind

E r

−

cap

E s

+

E

−

s

Voltage inputs

Pag. 52 di 80





P

+

AVG

P

−

AVG


Q

+

AVG ind






Q

+

AVG cap

Q

−

AVG ind

Q

−

AVG cap

S

+

AVG

S

−

AVG

Life Timer

t









9 Time:

P

+

M

.D .

P

−

M

.D .

Q

+

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

+

M

.

D

.

cap

Q

−

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

−

M

.

D

.

cap

S

+

M

.D .

S

−

M

.D .

Pag. 53 di 80


Voltage:

U

1

N

U

1

N

=

1

M

M n

∑

−

1

U

1

2

N

=

0

U

1

N


M

is the number of samples on a period (64);

Star voltages THD

THD

U

1

N

in %

THD

U

1

N

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

) cos

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

2

1

N

(

n

)

2

π

n

⎤

⎥

2

N

+

⎡

⎢

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

) sin

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

Phase Current:

I

1

I

1

=

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

I

1

2

Where:

I

1


Phase current THD:

THD

I

1

THD

I

1

=

100

2

N

N

∑

n

=

−

1

0

I

1

2

(

n

)

⎣

⎢

⎡

N n

=

−

1

∑

0

I

1

(

n

) cos

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

N

−

1

∑

n

=

0

I

1

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2


P

1

Phase reactive Powers :

Q

1

−

1

P

1

Q

1

=

=

1

M

1

M

M

∑

−

1

n

=

0

U

1

N

M n

∑

−

1

=

0

U

1

N

(

n

+

I

1

M


S

1

Phase Power Factors:

λ

1

S

=

1

U

1

I

1

λ

1

=

P

S

1

1

sign

where sign(x) is equal to 1 with x > 0, to -1 with x < 0.

4

I

1

Pag. 54 di 80

8.6 2P (2W) Double phase

1

I

1

I

1

1

U

12

2


1 Frequency:

Voltage frequency

V

:

12

f

Current inputs

Voltage:

U

12

Phase Current:

I

1

Voltage THD :


Phase Current THD:

THD

U

12

THD

I

1

Active Power:

Reactive Power:


Apparent Power:

P

Q

S

∑

∑

∑

λ

∑

Power Factor:

6 Energies:


E

+

a


E a

−






E

+

r ind

E

+

r cap

E

−

r ind

E

−

r cap

E

+

s

Voltage inputs

Pag. 55 di 80


E

−

s

7 Average Power taken on a time interval (sliding window) of programmable amplitude:


P

+

AVG



P

−

AVG

Q

+

AVG ind






Q

+

AVG cap

Q

−

AVG ind

Q

−

AVG cap

S

+

AVG

S

−

AVG









Life Timer

9 Time:

t

P

+

M

.D .

P

−

M

.D .

Q

+

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

+

M

.

D

.

cap

−

Q

M

.

D

.

ind

Q

−

M

.

D

.

cap

S

+

M

.D .

S

−

M

.D .

Pag. 56 di 80

8.6.2 Measurements Formulas:

Voltage:

U

12

U

12

=

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

12

2

U

12


M

is the number of samples taken on a period (64);

Star voltage THD

THD

in %

U

12

THD

U

12

=

100

2

N

⎡

⎢

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

U

12

(

n

) cos

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

2

U

12

(

n

)

2

π

n

⎤

⎥

2

N

+

⎡

⎢

N n

∑

=

0

−

1

U

12

(

n

) sin

2

π

n

N

⎤

⎥

2

−

1

Phase Current:

I

1

I

1

=

1

I

1

are the samples of the line current.

Phase current THD:

THD

I

1

THD

I

1

=

100

2

N

N n

=

−

1

∑

0

I

1

2

(

n

)

⎣

⎢

⎡

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

I

1

(

n

) cos

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

+

⎣

⎢

⎡

n

N

∑

−

1

=

0

I

1

(

n

) sin

⎝

⎜

⎛

2

π

n

N

⎠

⎟

⎞

⎦

⎥

⎤

2

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

−

1

I

1

2

Active Power:

P

∑

P

∑

=

1

M n

M

∑

−

1

=

0

U

12

Reactive Power :

Q

∑

I

1

Q

∑

=

1

M

M

∑

−

1

n

=

0

U

12

(

n

+

M

Phase apparent Power:

S

∑

S

∑

=

U

12

I

1

Phase Power Factor:

λ

∑

λ

∑

=

P

1

S

1

sign

( )


4

I

1

Pag. 57 di 80

8.6.3 Sampling:

The signals to be measured are sampled with a sampling frequency

f c

equal to 64 times the network frequency

f

: shortly, the number of samples per wave is fixed at 64 even with frequency variation.

The sampling is continuous on all waveform. Every 10 wave the samples are passed to the calculation part and the sampling restart for the next 10 waves.

8.6.4 Grid frequency Measurement:

The minimum measurable frequency is about 38 Hz.

The A/D converter is stopped out of the range 45

÷ 65 Hz.

The frequency measurement is taken on phase L1 voltage.

The instrument can measure the fundamental frequency even in presence of very distorted waveforms and/or very low signal (few Volt).

8.7 Average values and energy Calculation.

8.7.1 Energy counting

FLASH is equipped with 8 “non volatile” energy counters which can count up to a maximum of 99999999.9 kWh (either kvarh or kVAh) with a resolution equal to 0.1 kWh (either kvarh or kVAh). The value of these counters can be read either by communication port or display. When the highest value 99999999.9 is reached, the counting starts again from zero (roll-over).

8.7.2 Average Powers / maximum demand (m/Max)

FLASH has a sliding window integrator which computes the average value of each of the 8 power measurements on an integration interval that is programmable in the range of 1 through 60 minutes in one minute steps.

The integration interval slides on the time axis in one minute intervals (when all the values of the measurements are updated).

The settings of the integration intervals are not memorized when the instrument is turned off. While the duration of the integration interval may differ from the HOLD period, the two intervals are both aligned on the minute boundary.

A command can be sent on the communication port to synchronize the HOLD period (and therefore of the minute boundary of the integration interval) with an external clock. The maximal value of each of the average power measurements is memorized in a nonvolatile register (maximum demand, MD).

Both the average and maximum demand values are available through the display and the communication port. A command can be sent (either from the keyboard or the communication port) to reset the maximum demand values to zero. Another command resets the average power values: it resets the measurements taken during the last integration interval, but not the measurements taken in the last minute (the step with which the integration window slides). This preserves the synchronization of the integration interval and of the HOLD interval on the minute boundary.

Pag. 58 di 80

9 MODBUS Protocol

9.1 Foreword:

The instrument modbus protocol is implemented according to the document “MODBUS Application

Protocol Specification V1.1

”, available in www.modbus.org

.

The following “Public functions” are implemented:

Read

(0x02) Read Discrete Inputs

(0x03) Read Holding Registers

(0x04) Read Input Registers

(0x05) Write Single Coil

(0x06) Write Single Register

(0x07) Read Exception Status

(0x08)

(0x0F) Write Multiple Coils

(0x10) Write Multiple Registers

(0x11) Report Slave ID

Regarding the “Diagnostics” function, the following “Sub-functions” are implemented:

−

−

(0x0000) Return Query Data

(0x0001) Restart Communications Option

−

(0x0004) Force Listen Only Mode

The only implemented function “User Defined” is marked “Change Slave Address” (function code 0x42).

Through two coils named SWAP BYTES and SWAP WORDS, it is possible to modify the memory area organization where the modbus registers mapping are. The configuration [SWAP BYTES = FALSE, SWAP

WORDS = FALSE] correspond to a “Big-Endian” type organization (Motorola like): the most significant data byte whose size is bigger than byte is allocated at the lower address.

The order of the bigger than byte data transmitted on the serial line depend on the memory organization.

In the “Big-Endian” organization type, the most significant byte is the one transmitted first (standard modbus).

Vice versa, the configuration [SWAP BYTES = TRUE, SWAP WORDS = TRUE] corresponds to an “INTEL like” memory organization (the most significant byte at the higher address, that is less significant byte transmitted first on the serial line).

Note: In the released version, not all the listed commands are available, check in the following pages for availability.

The default configuration is “Big-Endian” (Motorola like) as the modbus standard specify and not “Little-

Endian” as the previous instruments.

Pag. 59 di 80

9.2 “Device dependent” Functions

9.2.1 (0x11) Slave ID Report

(0x11) Report Slave ID

Byte

0

Description Value

address

4

5

6

7

1

2

3 function code byte count slave ID run indicator status

Application version major

Application version minor

Loader version major

0x11

0x1F

0xFF

10

11

12

8 Loader version minor

9 MSB

Serial number

15

LSB

- Swap bytes

:

≡ Standard; 1≡ Swapped

- Swap words

:

1≡ Swapped

- Swap doublewords

:

≡ Standard; 1≡ Swapped

- Swap words in float values

1≡ Swapped

:

- Not Allocated

(Must be set to 0)

LSB

17 LSB

18 MSB

N discrete inputs (input status)

19 LSB

20 MSB

N holding registers

21 LSB

23

24

25

CN1 option ID

CN2 option ID

LSB

0x00 = NONE 0x0C = 2 x 4-20 mA

0x0D = DONGLE 0x0E = RS485

0x0F = RS232 0xFF = ERROR

26 MSB

27

28

Application checksum

29 LSB

30 MSB

31

32

Loader Checksum

33

34

35

CRC

LSB

Pag. 60 di 80

9.2.2 (0x07) Exception Status Read

Not available.

9.3 “User defined” Functions

9.3.1 (0x42) Slave Address Change

The instruments accepts query with function code 0x42 (change slave address) only of “Broadcast” type

(address 0). Consequently, there is no answer.

Change Slave Address Query

Byte Description Value

0 Broadcast Address 0x00

1 Function Code 0x42

2 MSB

3

4

5 LSB

6 New Slave Address

8

Pag. 61 di 80

9.4.1 Holding registers

Registers from address 0 to 7 are compatible with the registers of the old instrument, in order to assure the backwards compatibility. The one described are the ones of the KILO (T).

Registers from address 70 to 79 specific for FLASH.

Registers from address 8 to 69 and from 132 to 139 are reserved for future expansions.

Addr.

0

1

2

Type

Integer Word

Description

CT Ratio

Integer Word VT Ratio

1-9999 [A/A]

1-9999 [V/V]

Integer Word AVG Integration Time 1-60 [min]

Holding Registers

Range [Unit] or Bitmap

Notes

Return undefined valued, if read.

Written values will be ignored.







0 = Watchdog disabled

8

:

69

RESERVED


Don’t write in this area.

70

71

Bitmapped

Word

Integer Word

Swap bytes

: 0 ≡ Standard; 1≡ Swapped flags

Swap words

:

Words/Bytes swap

0 ≡ Standard; 1≡ Swapped

Swap doublewords

: 0 ≡ Standard; 1≡ Swapped

Swap words in float values

: 0 ≡ Standard; 1≡ Swapped

Tx delay time

Not Allocated

(Must be set to 0)

0-100 [s/100]

Standard means Motorola like and

Swapped means Intel like.

The same bit combination must be written in both low and high part of register.

In this manner the "byte swap" setting is meaningless for this register.

Pag. 62 di 80

Addr.

72

73

74

75

76

77

Type Description

Bitmapped

Word

Network type

Integer Word CT Primary

Integer Word CT Secondary

Integer

(4 bytes)

VT Primary

Integer Word VT Secondary

1-400000 [V]

1-999 [V]



Network type

: 0 ≡ 4 wires (Star); 1 ≡ 3 wires (Delta)

Import/Export

: 0 ≡ Export disabled (2 quadrants);

1 ≡ Export enabled (4 quadrants)

Not Allocated

1-10000 [A]

1 or 5 [A]

79

81

82

83

84

85

87

88

89

90

91

Integer Word Counters hold time 1-60 [min]

Main Index

:

Sub Index:

Integer Word Analog out 1 - Mode

Float IEEE754

Float IEEE754

Analog out 1 - Scale begin value

Analog out 1 - Scale end value

Main Index

:

Sub Index:

Integer Word Analog out 2 - Mode

Float IEEE754

Float IEEE754

Analog out 2 - Scale begin value

Analog out 2 - Scale end value

(see tables on next paragraph)




Notes

Accessing this register cause an exception response if 4-20mA option is not present.








Pag. 63 di 80

Addr.

92

93

Type

Bitmapped

Word

Bitmapped

Word


Description Range [Unit] or Bitmap

Configuration

Mode

: 00 ≡ Pulse;

Digital out 1 -

01 ≡ Alarm;

11 ≡ Not allowed

Polarity

: 0 ≡ Normally opened;

≡ Normally closed

-

Not Allocated

Mode

: 00 ≡ Pulse; 01 ≡ Alarm;

Digital out 2 -

Configuration

Polarity

: 0 ≡ Normally opened;

1

11 ≡ Not allowed

-

Not Allocated

96

97

99

100

Main Index

:

Sub Index:

Alarm coil driving mode

:

≡ Normal

≡ Pulsed



Bitmapped

Word

Alarm 1 - Mode

Alarm type:

Not Allocated

Float IEEE754 Alarm 1 - Threshold

Integer Word Alarm 1 - Histeresys

0-99

[%]

Integer Word Alarm 1 - Latency

1-99

[s]

Alarm 2 - Quantity

Main Index

:

Sub Index:

0 ≡ Min; 1≡ Max



Pag. 64 di 80

Notes

0 = Watchdog disabled

Addr. Type Description



Alarm coil driving mode

:

102

Bitmapped

Word

Alarm 2 - Mode

Alarm type:

≡ Not allowed

≡ Not allowed

0 ≡ Min; 1≡ Max

103 Float IEEE754 Alarm 2 - Threshold

105 Integer Word Alarm 2 - Histeresys

106

107

Integer Word Alarm 2 - Latency

:

118

RESERVED

119

Bitmapped

Word

Network type

(extended)

Not Allocated

0-99 [%]

1-99 [s]

Network type

: 0-5

3

Not Allocated

Import/Export

:

1 ≡ 2P 2W,

4 ≡ 3P-b 4W,

≡ Export disabled (2 quadrants);

≡ Export enabled (4 quadrants)

120

Bitmapped

Word

Pulse Out 1 - Quantity selection

2 ≡ 3P 4W,

5 ≡ 3P-b 3W

Measurement scaling

:

0=scaled to signal at primary side of CT/VT;

1=scaled to signal at secondary side of CT/VT;

Measurement selection:

0-7

0=P+, 1=P-, 2=Qind+, 3=Qcap+,

4=Qind-,

Not Allocated

Pulse Weight

: 0-7 (weight = 10^ (n-1) Wh)

Pulse Width

: 5-90 (mS * 10)

Notes



Pag. 65 di 80

Addr.

122

Type

Bitmapped

Word

Description

Pulse Out 2 - Quantity selection



Measurement scaling

:

0=scaled to signal at primary side of CT/VT;

1=scaled to signal at secondary side of CT/VT;

Measurement selection:

0-7

0=P+, 1=P-, 2=Qind+, 3=Qcap+,

4=Qind-,

Not Allocated

Pulse Weight

: 0-7 (weight = 10^ (n-1) Wh)

Pulse Width

: 5-90 (mS * 10)

124

:

127

RESERVED



128

129

Bitmapped

Word

Bitmapped

Word

Mode

: 00 ≡ Pulse;

Digital out 1 -

Configuration

Polarity

:

Not Allocated

Mode

: 00 ≡ Pulse;

01 ≡ Alarm;

11 ≡ Tariff

0 ≡ Normally opened;

01 ≡ Alarm;

Digital out 2 -

Configuration

Polarity

:

Not Allocated

11 ≡ Tariff

0 ≡ Normally opened;

1 ≡ Normally closed

1 ≡ Normally closed

130

..

139

RESERVED

9.4.2 Parameter selection tables

The following tables allow the selection of the parameters to be associated to the alarms and to analog outputs.

The Main index and the Sub index have to be specified in binary format (HEX).

All cells identified with are available only in Import/Export configuration.

RESERVED

Notes



Pag. 66 di 80

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

3

8

9

0 1 2 3 4 5

OFF

× × × × ×

×

U

LN

U

LL

× ×

U

1

N f

× × × × ×

× × ×

I

N

× × × ×

I

Σ

P

Σ

I

1

P

1

× × × ×

Q

Σ

Q

1

× × × ×

S

Σ

S

1

× × × ×

PF

Σ

× × × × ×

× × × × ×

PF

1

THD

U

1

N

THD

I

1

6

×

U

2

N

×

I

2

P

2

Q

2

S

2

PF

2

THD

U

2

N

THD

I

2

3Ph-4W

Sub Index

7

×

U

3

N

×

U

8 9 10 11

× × × ×

U U

12 23 31

× × ×

×

×

12

×

×

×

I

3

× × × × ×

P

3

Q

3

× × ×

× × ×

P P

IMP

AVG

×

EXP

AVG

×

S

3

PF

3

× × ×

× × ×

S

IMP

AVG

×

S

EXP

AVG

×

THD

U

× × × × ×

3

N

THD

× × × × ×

I

3

13

×

×

×

×

×

14

×

×

×

×

×

Q

L IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

Q

C IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

15

×

×

×

×

×

16

×

×

×

×

×

U

17

×

1

N

÷

3

×

N

Q

L EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

Q

C EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

I

1

÷

3

×

×

×

×

THD

U

1

N

÷

3

N

THD

I

1

÷

3

18

×

U

12

÷

31

×

×

×

×

×

×

THD

U

12

×

÷

31

0 1 2 3 4

9

× × × × ×

5

0

OFF

× × × × ×

1

× ×

2

U

LL

×

× ×

f

× × × × ×

3

× × × ×

4

× × × ×

5

× × × ×

6

× × × ×

I

Σ

I

1

P

Σ

×

Q

Σ

×

S

Σ

×

7

× × × ×

PF

Σ

×

8 × × × × × ×

THD

I

1

6

×

×

×

I

2

×

×

×

×

×

I

7

×

×

×

3

×

×

×

×

×

THD

I

2

THD

I

3

8

×

U

12

×

×

×

×

×

×

THD

×

U

12

3Ph-3W

U

23

×

×

×

×

×

×

9

×

THD

×

U

23

Sub Index

10 11

×

U

31

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

P

IMP

AVG

×

P

EXP

AVG

×

THD

×

U

31

12

×

×

×

×

S

IMP

AVG

×

S

EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

×

13

×

×

×

×

×

Q

L IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

14

×

×

×

×

×

15

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

Q

L EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

16

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

17

×

×

×

I

1

÷

3

×

×

×

×

×

THD

I

1

÷

3

18

×

U

12

÷

31

×

×

×

×

×

×

THD

U

12

×

÷

31

Pag. 67 di 80

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4

OFF

× × × ×

× × × × ×

f

× × × ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

P

Σ

Q

Σ

S

Σ

×

×

×

5

×

U

1

N

×

I

1

P

1

Q

1

S

1

PF

1

THD

U

1

N

THD

I

1

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

3

8

9

0 1 2 3 4

OFF

× × × ×

× × × × ×

f

× × × ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

P

Σ

Q

Σ

S

Σ

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

5

×

×

×

×

×

6 7

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

×

×

×

×

×

8

×

×

×

×

×

3Ph-4W Balanced

Sub Index

9 10 11

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

P

S

×

×

×

×

IMP

AVG

×

IMP

AVG

×

×

×

S

EXP

AVG

×

×

×

12

×

×

×

×

P

EXP

AVG

×

13

×

×

×

×

×

Q

L IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

14

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

15

×

×

×

×

×

Q

L EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

16

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

17

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

6

×

×

×

×

×

I

3

×

×

×

×

×

7

×

×

×

3Ph-3W Balanced

THD

I

3

8

×

U

12

×

×

×

×

×

×

THD

×

U

12

Sub Index

9 10 11

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

P

S

×

×

×

×

IMP

AVG

×

IMP

AVG

×

×

×

12

×

×

×

×

P

EXP

AVG

×

S

EXP

AVG

×

×

×

Q

L IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

13

×

×

×

×

×

14

×

×

×

×

×

15

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

Q

L EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

Q

C EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

16

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

17

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

18

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

18

×

×

×

×

×

Pag. 68 di 80

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4

OFF

× × × ×

× × × × ×

f

× × × ×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

5

×

U

1

N

×

I

1

P

1

Q

1

S

1

PF

1

THD

U

1

N

THD

I

1

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

3

8

9

0 1 2 3 4

OFF

× × × ×

× × × × ×

f

× × × ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

5

×

×

×

I

1

P

1

Q

1

S

1

PF

1

×

THD

I

1

6 7

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

×

×

×

×

×

8

×

×

×

×

×

1Ph-2W

Sub Index

9 10

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

P

S

11

×

×

×

×

IMP

AVG

×

IMP

AVG

×

×

×

12

×

×

×

×

P

EXP

AVG

×

S

EXP

AVG

×

×

×

13

×

×

×

×

×

Q

L IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

14

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

15

×

×

×

×

×

Q

L EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

16

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

6 7

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

× ×

U

12

×

×

×

×

×

×

2Ph-2W

8

×

THD

×

U

12

Sub Index

9 10

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

P

IMP

AVG

×

S

IMP

AVG

×

×

×

11

×

×

×

×

12

×

×

×

×

P

EXP

AVG

×

S

EXP

AVG

×

×

×

13

×

×

×

×

×

Q

L IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

14

×

×

×

×

×

15

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C IMP

AVG

×

×

×

×

Q

L EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

16

×

×

×

×

×

Q

C EXP

AVG

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

17 18

× ×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

17 18

× ×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

Pag. 69 di 80

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

9.4.3 Flash N Input registers

In this chapter the FLASH original registers are listed with all the available measurements.

Addr. Type Description

200

201

202

203

Float

Phase to neutral Voltage, THD

IEEE754 Phase to phase Voltage, THD

Float



Unit Symbol

%

%

THD

U

1

N

⇒

System config / Notes

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

THD

U

12

⇒

THD

U

2

N

3P3W, 3P-b 3W, 2P2W

⇒ 3P4W

THD

U

23

⇒ 3P3W

204

205

Float



%

THD

U

3

N

⇒ 3P4W

THD

U

31

⇒ 3P3W

206

207

208

209

210

211

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Line current, THD

Line current, THD

Line current, THD

%

%

%

THD

⇒

I

1

THD

I

2

⇒

THD

I

3

⇒

3P4W, 3P3W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

3P4W , 3P3W

3P4W , 3P3W, 3P-b 3W

212

213

Float

IEEE754

Voltage Input Frequency Hz

f f

1

N

12

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

3P3W, 3P-b 3W, 2P2W

Phase to Neutral Voltage, RMS

Amplitude


Amplitude


Amplitude

Phase to Phase Voltage, RMS

Amplitude


Amplitude


Amplitude

Line current, RMS Amplitude



Neutral Current, RMS Amplitude

Phase Active Power (+/-)



Phase Reactive Power (+/-)


V

V

V

V

V

V

A

A

A

A

W

W

W var var

U

1

U

U

U

U

U

I

I

I

I

P

P

P

Q

Q

1

2

3

N

1

2

3

1

2

N

2

N

3

N

12

23

31

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P4W, 3P3W, 3P-b 3W, 2P2W

⇒ 3P4W, 3P3W

⇒ 3P4W, 3P3W

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P3W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

3P4W , 3P3W

3P4W , 3P3W, 3P-b 3W

3P4W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P4W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

⇒ 3P4W

Pag. 70 di 80

Addr. Type

244

245

Float

IEEE754

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

254

255

256

257

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Description


Phase Apparent Power



Phase Power Factor (+/-)



258

259

Float

IEEE754

Phase Voltage, Mean THD

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

280

281

282

283

284

285

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Line current, Mean THD

Phase to Neutral Mean Voltage,

RMS Amplitude

Phase to Phase Mean Voltage,

RMS Amplitude

Three phase current, RMS

Amplitude

Total Active Power (+/-)

Total reactive power (+/-)

Total apparent power

Total power factor (+/-)

Total import Active Power, AVG

Total import inductive power,

AVG

Total import capacitive power,

AVG

Total import apparent power,

AVG

Float

IEEE754

Total export Active Power, AVG

286

287

Float

IEEE754

Total export inductive power,

AVG

288

289

Float

IEEE754

Total export capacitive power,

AVG

290

291

Float

IEEE754

Total export apparent power,

AVG

Unit Symbol

var

Q

3

VA

VA

VA

-

-

-

%

%

V

V

A

W var

VA

-

W var var

VA


⇒ 3P4W

S

1

I

Σ

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

S

2

U

∆

⇒ 3P4W

S

3

U

λ

⇒ 3P4W

λ

1

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

λ

2

⇒ 3P4W

λ

3

⇒ 3P4W

THD

U

λ

⇒ 3P4W

THD

⇒ 3P3W

U

∆

THD

I

Σ

⇒ 3P4W,

⇒ 3P4W

3P3W

3P3W

P

Σ

Q

Σ

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

S

Σ

λ

Σ

P m

+

Q m ind

+

Q m cap

+

S m

+

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

W var var

VA

P m

−

Q m ind

−

Q m cap

−

S m

−

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

Import/ Export only

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


Pag. 71 di 80

Addr. Type

292

293

Float

IEEE754

294

295

296

297

298

299

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Description

Total import Active Power, MD


MD

Total import capacitive power,

MD


MD

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

Unit Symbol

W var var

VA

P

Q

Max ind

+

Q

Max cap

+

S

Max

Max

+

+

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

Float

IEEE754

Total export Active Power, MD W

P

Max

−

⇒

Float

IEEE754

Total export inductive power,

MD var

Q

Max ind

−

⇒

⇒

Float

IEEE754

Total export capacitive power,

MD var

Q

Max cap

−

⇒

⇒

⇒

Float

IEEE754

Total export apparent power,

MD

VA

S

Max

−

⇒

⇒

Integer

Word

Integer

Word

Integer

Word

Integer

Double

Word

Integer

Double

Word

Integer

Double

Word

Integer

Double

Word

Integer

Double

Word

Integer

Double

Word

Integer

Double

Word

Integer

Double

Word

Integer

(4 bytes)

Hold counters, in progress interval elapsed time

Hold counters, last expired energy interval duration

Hold counters, last expired interval ID

Hold counter, import active energy

Hold counter, import inductive energy

Hold counter, import capacitive energy

Hold counter, import apparent energy

Hold counter, export active energy

Hold counter, export inductive energy

Hold counter, export capacitive energy

Hold counter, export apparent

Import active energy

s

s

kWh/10 kvarh/10 kvarh/10

kVAh/10

kWh/10 kvarh/10 kvarh/10 kVAh/10 kWh/10

E

E r a

E a ind

+

+

+

H

H

E r cap

+

E

E

E

E

S

S

E r r a

+

ind cap

−

H

−

H

−

H

−

H

H

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

Pag. 72 di 80

Addr. Type

329

330

Integer

(4 bytes)

331

332

333

334

Integer

(4 bytes)

Integer

(4 bytes)

Description

Import inductive energy

Import capacitive energy

Import apparent energy

335

336

Integer

(4 bytes)

Export active energy

337

338

Integer

(4 bytes)

Export inductive energy

339

340

Integer

(4 bytes)

Export capacitive energy

Unit Symbol

kvarh/10

E r ind

+ kvarh/10 kVAh/10

E r cap

+

E

S

+ kWh/10

E a

−

⇒

⇒

⇒ kvarh/10

E r ind

− kvarh/10

E r cap

−

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

341

342

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

Integer

(4 bytes)

Integer

(4 bytes)

Integer

(8 bytes)

Export apparent energy

Life Timer


(Hi Resolution)

Integer

(8 bytes)


(Hi Resolution) kVAh/10

S

Wh/10

Integer

(8 bytes)


(Hi Resolution) varh/10

Integer

(8 bytes)

Import capacitive energy


Integer

(8 bytes)

Import apparent energy

(Hi Resolution)

VAh/10

Wh/10

Integer

(8 bytes)



Integer

(8 bytes)



Integer

(8 bytes)

Export apparent energy

(Hi Resolution)

VAh/10 t

E

S

−

E a

+

E

S

+

E a

−

E

S

−

E r ind

+

E r cap

+

E r ind

−

E r cap

−

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


Pag. 73 di 80

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

9.4.4 Input Registers (backward compatibility area)

In this area the registers guaranteeing the compatibility with the previous ELECTREX products are listed.

This allows compatibility with written software. The considered registers are KILO (T)’s.

Addr. Type

0

1

Float

IEEE754

2

3

Three-phase voltage, RMS amplitude

Description

Float

IEEE754

Three-phase current, RMS amplitude

Unit Symbol

V

A

U

I

Σ

∆

Wirings / Notes

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Total Active Power (+/-)

Total reactive power (+/-)

Total apparent power

Float

IEEE754

Total power factor (+/-)

W var

VA

-

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Total import Active Power, AVG


AVG

Total import Active Power, MD

W

VA

W

Float

IEEE754


MD

Float

IEEE754


VA

KWh

Float

IEEE754


Integer

(4 bytes)

Serial number

Kvarh

P

Σ

Q

Σ

S

Σ

λ

P

S

P

S

E

Σ

m m

S/N

+

Max

Max a

+

+

E r ind

+

+

+

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W

28

29

30

31

Float

Phase to neutral RMS Voltage

IEEE754 Phase to phase RMS Voltage

Float



V

V

U

1

N

U

12

U

2

N

U

23

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

⇒

3P3W, 3P-b 3W, 2P2W

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P3W

32

33

Float



V

U

3

N

U

31

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P3W

34

35

36

37

Float

IEEE754

Line current, RMS amplitude

Float

IEEE754


A

A

I

1

I

2

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P3W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

3P4W , 3P3W

Pag. 74 di 80

Addr. Type

38

39

Float

IEEE754

Description


40

41

Float

IEEE754


42

43

44

45

46

47

62

63

64

65

58

59

60

61

52

53

54

55

56

57

48

49

50

51

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

Float

IEEE754


Float

IEEE754


Float

IEEE754

Voltage Input Frequency

Float

IEEE754

Phase reactive power (+/-)

Float

IEEE754


Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754


Phase apparent power


Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754





Float

IEEE754

Phase power factor (+/-)

Float

IEEE754

Float

IEEE754



NOT AVAILABLE

Float

IEEE754


Float

IEEE754


80

81

Float

IEEE754


Unit Symbol

A

I

3

⇒

Wirings / Notes

3P4W , 3P3W, 3P-b 3W

W

P

1

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

W

W

Hz var

P

2

P

3

f

1

N f

12

Q

1

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P4W

⇒

3P4W

⇒

3P3W

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

var

Q

2

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P4W var

Q

3

VA

S

1

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

VA

S

2

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P4W

VA

S

3 var

Q

1

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

var var

-

-

-

Q

2

Q

3

λ

1

λ

2

λ

3

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P4W

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W

⇒ 3P4W

⇒ 3P4W kWh kvar

E

E a r

−

cap

−

kvar

E r ind

−

⇒

⇒

⇒

⇒


⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W



3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


Pag. 75 di 80

Addr. Type

82

83

Description Unit Symbol Wirings / Notes


84

85

Float

IEEE754

Total import capacitive energy kvar

E r cap

+

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W


86

:

93

94

95

96

:

125

Float

IEEE754

NOT AVAILABLE


AVG

NOT AVAILABLE

126

127

128

129

Float



Float

IEEE754

Line current, THD

130

131

132

133

134

135

Float



Float

IEEE754

Line current, THD

Float



136

137

138

:

199

Float

IEEE754

Line current, THD

RESERVED var

%

%

%

%

%

%


Q m ind

+

⇒

⇒

3P4W, 3P-b 4W, 1P2W, 3P3W,

3P-b 3W, 2P2W



THD

U

⇒

3P4W

1

N

THD

U

12

⇒

3P3W

THD

I

1

⇒

3P4W, 3P3W

THD

U

⇒

3P4W

2

N

THD

U

23

⇒

3P3W

THD

I

2

⇒

3P4W, 3P3W

THD

U

⇒

3P4W

3

N

THD

U

31

⇒

3P3W

THD

I

3

⇒

3P4W, 3P3W


Pag. 76 di 80

9.4.5 Coils (back compatibility)

Coils area compatible with the previous instruments:

Coils, back compatibility

Address Description

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Note:

Clear AVG (1,3)

Reset all the power values in floating average

Clear AVG (1,3) as 0001

Clear MD (1,3)

Reset all the power peak values

Clear MD (1,3) as 0003

Clear energy counters (1)

Clear MD (1,3)

Reset all the energy counters

Warm boot (1)

Reinitialize the instrument (does not reset the counters)

AVG/MD synchronization (1,3)

Synchronize the integration period as 0003

9

10

12

Out 1 (3)

Out 2 (3)

Controls output nr. 1 (if the alarm use is inhibited)

Controls output nr. 2 (if the alarm use is inhibited)

Digital outs watchdog enable (3)

Protection Timer on inputs in minutes

17 Swap words & bytes (2, 4)

Format Control of the memory stored data

9.4.6 FLASH coils

Proprietary FLASH D coils area.

FLASH Coils

Address Description

64 Swap bytes (5)

Note:

Data format control in memory

66

67

68

69

70

71

Reset (warm boot) (1,2)

Clear energy counters (1,2)

Reinitialize the device (does not reset the counters)

Reset all the energy counters

Power integration synchronization (1,2)

Synchronize the integration time.

Clear AVG powers (1,2)

Reset all the power value in moving average

Clear MD powers (1,2)

Reset all the power peak values

NOT USED (1)

(1) Reading the coil the result is always 1.

(2) The command is triggered on the leading edge, that is when the coil is set to 1 (TRUE). It is not necessary to set the coil to 0 after setting it to 1.

(4) Negative logic, to be compatible with Kilo:

Coil = 1 Swap Bytes = Swap Words = FALSE (Motorola like, as Modbus standard)

Coil = 0 Swap Bytes = Swap Words = TRUE (Intel like).

The measurement resets “Swap Bytes” flag status (negative).

(5) If set to 1 (TRUE), it inverts the bytes order (or word order) respect to the Modbus standard (Motorola like).

Pag. 77 di 80

10 Technical Characteristics

Measurement sections:

Volt

:

500 Vrms phase-phase (crest factor max 1.7);

Amp

:

5 Arms (crest factor max 1.7);

Frequency

: 45 ÷ 65 Hz

Accuracy

: Class 1 on active energy, compliant with CEI EN 61036;

Alternate Voltage Sensitivity, Range and Accuracy

Nominal

Range

Sensitivity

1

Range Accuracy

2

500 V 400 mV 500 V

- Nota 1: Minimal Reading 20 V

- Nota 2: Accuracy guaranteed down to 50 V

0.06 Range

±

0.35 Reading

Alternate Current Sensitivity, Range and Accuracy

Nominal

Range

Sensitivity

1

Range Accuracy

2

5 A

1 A

5 mA

0.5 mA

6 A

1 A

0.06 Range

±

0.35 Reading

0.06 Range

±

0.35 Reading

- Note 1: Minimal reading 10 mA

- Note 2: Accuracy guaranteed down to 100 mA

Overload:

Volt Inputs:

max 900 Vrms peak value for 1 second

Amp Inputs:

max 100 Arms peak value for 1 s.

Maximum voltage to ground

: for both voltage and current conductors the maximum voltage to ground is 350 Vrms.

Power Supply:

separated power supply 85-265Vac/100-374Vdc or 24Vac/18-60Vdc depending on types. Maximum voltage to ground 265 Vrms

Power Consumption:

5 VA

Cabling

: use category II cables.

Operating Temperature:

from -20 to +60 °C

Relative Humidity (R.H.):

max 95% without condensation

Applicable Regulations:

Safety CEI EN 61010 class 2, category II, pollution class II. To be positioned in a protective electrical enclosure making the cabling not accessible.

Electromagnetic Compatibility:

CEI EN 61326-1 A

Display:

Backlit 256 segment LCD 63 x 65 mm a, with white LED lamp.

Automatic range adjustment: 2

current ranges

Offset:

automatic amplifier offset adjustment

Pag. 78 di 80

Counters:

energy counters with 0.1 kWh resolution and maximum value 99,999,999.9 kWh

(serial input).

Mount:

DIN 96 x 96 mm.

Weight:

360 g (460 g with packaging).

Protection:

IP51 on front, IP20 elsewhere.

Size:

96 x 96 x 90 mm (up to 105 mm max with options)

Outputs:

2 digital outputs for pulses or alerts (Din 43864 27 Vdc 27 mA)

Options

Galvanically Isolated RS485

Output isolation 1000 Vrms

Galvanically Isolated RS232


Galvanically Isolated Analog 4-20 mA


Output

: self supplied 0 to 20 mA on 500 Ohm max

Accuracy

: < 0.2% of reading.

Stability

: 200 ppm/°C

Latency

: 50 ms maximum

Update frequency

: 10 grid cycles frequency

11 Firmware Revisions

v1.11 release

12 Order codes

Instruments

Designation

FLASH N

Description Code

Three-phase energy analyser (Power supply 100/230 V)

PFE 405-50

Three-phase energy analyser (Power supply 24 V)

PFE 405-60 FLASH N 24

Options

Designation Description Code

RS485 Interface (96)

Interface with opto-isolated RS485 port.

PFE 420-00

RS232 Interface (96)

Interface with opto-isolated RS232 port.

PFE 421-00

OUTPUT 2x 4-20 mA

(96)

Double analogue output 4-20 or 0-20 mA programmable on all parameters.

PFE 422-00

13 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

Akse hereby declares that its range of products complies with the following directives

EMC 89/336/EEC 73/23CE 93/68 CE

and complies with the following product’s standard CEI EN 61326 – IEC 61326 CEI EN 61010 – IEC 1010 he product has been tested in the typical wiring configuration and with peripherals conforming to the EMC directive and the LV directive.

Pag. 79 di 80

Edition 8 November 2005

This document is subject to modification without prior notice.

This document belongs to AKSE which maintains all legal rights

AKSE SRL

Via Aldo Moro, 39

42100 Reggio Emilia (RE) - ITALY

Telephone: +39 0522 924244

Fax: +39 0522 924245

E-mail: [email protected]

Internet: www.akse.it

Pag. 80 di 80

AKSE Flash N Energy Analyzer Manuale Utente

Assistant Bot

Electric Energy Analyzer

Flash N

User Manual

Index

INTRODUCTION

1.1 COPYRIGHT

1.2 WARRANTY

1.3 RETURN AND REPAIR FORMALITIES

2 Safety

3 Mounting

3.1 Dimensions

3.2 Fixing and blocking

4.1 Measurement Connections

K

K

Pulse

K

kWh

K

kWh

pulse

4.3 Connecting Optional Components

5 Instrument Use

NOTE: all the modifications to the instrument programming parameters are effective only when you exit the programming page pressing the PROGRAM button located on the instrument rear panel.

5.2 Readings

6 Instrument Description

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Simplicity and versatility

6.3 Total harmonic distortion Measurement (THD)

Outputs

6.8 Alarms

6.9 Communication

6.10 Average and peak Energy

8 Parameters and formulas

8.1 3P 4W Three phase with 4 wire neutral

8.2 3P 3W Three phase without neutral

4W Balanced Three phase with neutral

8.4 3P-b 3W Balanced three Phase without neutral 3 wires

8.5 1P (2W) Single phase

8.6 2P (2W) Double phase

8.7 Average values and energy Calculation.

9 MODBUS Protocol

9.1 Foreword:

9.2 “Device dependent” Functions

9.3 “User defined” Functions

10 Technical Characteristics

Options

Galvanically Isolated RS485

Galvanically Isolated RS232

Galvanically Isolated Analog 4-20 mA

11 Firmware Revisions

12 Order codes

Instruments

Designation

Description Code

Options

Designation Description Code

13 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

Key Features

Frequently Answers and Questions

What types of electrical systems can the Flash N be used with?

What kind of data does the Flash N measure?

What are the digital outputs of the Flash N used for?

Can the Flash N communicate with other systems?

How can I change the configuration settings of the Flash N?

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