Foundry Networks EdgeIron network switches User Guide
Below you will find brief information for EdgeIron. The EdgeIron is a network switch that provides a variety of features, including port security, 802.1x authentication, and VLAN configuration. It also supports features like SNMP and SSH management, allowing you to monitor its performance and configure it remotely.
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Foundry EdgeIron User Guide 2100 Gold Street P.O. Box 649100 San Jose, CA 95164-9100 Tel 408.586.1700 Fax 408.586.1900 www.foundrynetworks.com May 2004 Copyright © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or storage in an information retrieval system – without prior written permission of the copyright owner. The trademarks, logos and service marks ("Marks") displayed herein are the property of Foundry or other third parties. You are not permitted to use these Marks without the prior written consent of Foundry or such appropriate third party. Foundry Networks, EdgeIronEdgeIron, FastIron, IronView, JetCore, NetIron, ServerIron, TurboIron, IronWare, EdgeIron, IronPoint, the Iron family of marks and the Foundry Logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Foundry Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. Contents Chapter 1. About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 How to Get Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 Foundry Networks Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 Web Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 E-mail Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 Telephone Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Warranty Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Summary of Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 What’s New In This Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3 List of Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3 Chapter 2. Switch Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1 Connecting to the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1 Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1 Required Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2 Remote Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 Console Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 Setting Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 Setting an IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 Manual Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Dynamic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. iii Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Enabling SNMP Management Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6 Community Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Trap Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Saving Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7 Managing System Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8 System Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9 Chapter 3. Configuring the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1 Using the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1 Navigating the Web Browser Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2 Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2 Panel Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3 Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3 Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6 Displaying System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6 Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7 Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8 Setting the IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10 Manual Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 Using DHCP/BOOTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 Managing Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12 Downloading System Software from a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Copying the Running Configuration to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 System Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15 System Logs Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 Remote Logs Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 Sending Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 Resetting the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20 Configuring SNTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20 Setting the Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22 Configuring SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22 Setting Community Access Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22 Access Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 Specifying Trap Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24 Configuring the Logon Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24 Configuring RADIUS/TACACS Logon Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-25 HTTPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-28 Generating the Host Key Pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30 Configuring the SSH Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31 iv © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Contents Configuring Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-32 Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-34 Configuring 802.1x Global Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36 Configuring Port Authorization Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37 Displaying 802.1x Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-40 Configuring Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting the ACL Name and Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring a Standard IP ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring an Extended IP ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring a MAC ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring ACL Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifying the Mask Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring an IP ACL Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring a MAC ACL Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binding a Port to an Access Control List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40 3-41 3-41 3-42 3-44 3-46 3-46 3-47 3-48 3-49 Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-51 Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-52 Displaying Connection Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-52 Configuring Interface Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-54 Statically Configuring a Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-55 Dynamically Configuring a Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-56 Enabling LACP on Selected Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-57 Configuring LACP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamically Creating a Port Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying LACP Port Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counter Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Local Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Remote Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neighbor Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-58 3-58 3-60 3-60 3-61 3-61 3-63 3-63 Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-64 Configuring Port Mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-66 Configuring Rate Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-67 Address Table Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-69 Setting Static Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-69 Displaying the Address Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-70 Changing the Aging Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-71 Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-72 Enabling a Single Instance of STP per VLAN on an EdgeIron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-73 STP Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-74 STP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-77 STP Port and Trunk Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-81 STP Port and Trunk Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-83 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-85 Displaying Interface Settings for MSTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87 Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-89 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. v Foundry EdgeIron User Guide VLAN Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-90 Assigning Ports to VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-90 Forwarding Tagged/Untagged Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-91 Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-92 Displaying Basic VLAN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-92 Displaying Current VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-93 Creating VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-95 Adding Interfaces Based on Membership Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-96 Adding Interfaces Based on Static Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-98 Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-98 Configuring Private VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-101 Enabling Private VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-101 Configuring Uplink and Downlink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-101 Priority Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-102 Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-102 Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-103 Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-105 Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-106 Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-107 Mapping IP Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-107 Mapping DSCP Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-109 Mapping IP Port Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-110 Mapping CoS Values to ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-112 Changing Priorities Based on ACL Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-113 Multicast Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-114 Configuring IGMP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-115 Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-116 Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116 Specifying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-117 Displaying Port Members of Multicast Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118 Adding Multicast Addresses to VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-119 Showing Device Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-120 Chapter 4. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1 Using the Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1 Accessing the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1 Console Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1 Telnet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1 Entering Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2 Keywords and Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2 Minimum Abbreviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 vi © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Contents Command Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 Getting Help on Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 Showing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Partial Keyword Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4 Negating the Effect of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4 Using Command History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5 Understanding Command Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5 Exec Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5 Configuration Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6 Command Line Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7 Command Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7 General Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8 enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9 disable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9 configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-10 show history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-10 reload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11 prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12 end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12 exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12 quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13 Flash/File Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13 copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . whichboot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boot system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 4-15 4-16 4-16 4-17 System Management Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-18 hostname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . username . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enable password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jumbo frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . light unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip http port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip http server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip http secure-server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip http secure-port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 4-20 4-21 4-22 4-23 4-23 4-24 4-24 4-25 4-25 4-26 Secure Shell Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27 ip ssh server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip ssh timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip ssh authentication-retries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip ssh server-key size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete public-key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip ssh crypto host-key generate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip ssh crypto zeroize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-29 4-29 4-30 4-30 4-31 4-31 4-32 vii Foundry EdgeIron User Guide ip ssh save host-key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show ip ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show public-key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip ssh server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . disconnect ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show ip ssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32 4-33 4-33 4-34 4-35 4-35 4-36 4-36 4-37 Event Logging Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37 logging on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . logging history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . logging host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . logging facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . logging trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clear logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37 4-38 4-39 4-39 4-40 4-41 4-41 4-42 System Status Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-43 show startup-config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show running-config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43 4-44 4-46 4-47 4-48 SMTP Alert Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-48 logging sendmail host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . logging sendmail level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . logging sendmail source-email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . logging sendmail destination-email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . logging sendmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show logging sendmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48 4-49 4-50 4-50 4-50 4-51 Time Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-51 sntp client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sntp server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sntp poll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sntp broadcast client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show sntp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clock timezone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . calendar set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52 4-52 4-53 4-53 4-54 4-54 4-55 4-55 Authentication Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-56 authentication login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . authentication enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . radius-server host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . radius-server port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . radius-server key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . radius-server retransmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . radius-server timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show radius-server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tacacs-server host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tacacs-server port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tacacs-server key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show tacacs-server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . authentication dot1x default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dot1x default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-57 4-58 4-58 4-59 4-59 4-60 4-60 4-60 4-61 4-61 4-62 4-62 4-62 4-63 May 2004 Contents dot1x max-req . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dot1x port-control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dot1x re-authenticate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dot1x re-authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dot1x timeout quiet-period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dot1x timeout re-authperiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dot1x timeout tx-period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show dot1x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63 4-63 4-64 4-64 4-64 4-65 4-65 4-66 Access Control List Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-67 IP ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-69 access-list ip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . permit, deny (Standard ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . permit, deny (Extended ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show ip access-list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . access-list ip mask-precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mask (IP ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show access-list ip mask-precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show ip access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . map access-list ip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show map access-list ip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . match access-list ip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-70 4-70 4-71 4-73 4-73 4-74 4-76 4-77 4-77 4-78 4-79 4-79 4-80 MAC ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-80 access-list mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . permit, deny (MAC ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show mac access-list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . access-list mac mask-precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mask (MAC ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show access-list mac mask-precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . permit offset, deny offset (MAC ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mac access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show mac access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . map access-list mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show map access-list mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . match access-list mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-81 4-81 4-83 4-83 4-84 4-85 4-86 4-87 4-87 4-88 4-89 4-89 ACL Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-90 show access-list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-90 show access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-90 SNMP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-91 snmp-server community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snmp-server contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snmp-server location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snmp-server host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snmp-server enable traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snmp ip filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show snmp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-91 4-92 4-92 4-93 4-94 4-94 4-95 IP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-96 ip address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-97 ip dhcp restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-98 ip default-gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-98 show ip interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-99 show ip redirects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-99 ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-100 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. ix Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Line Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-101 line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exec-timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . password-thresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . silent-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . databits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stopbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-101 4-102 4-103 4-103 4-104 4-105 4-105 4-106 4-106 4-107 4-107 Interface Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-108 interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . speed-duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . flowcontrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . switchport broadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . port security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . port security (EdgeIron 2402CF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clear counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show interfaces status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show interfaces counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show interfaces switchport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-109 4-109 4-110 4-110 4-111 4-112 4-113 4-114 4-114 4-116 4-117 4-117 4-118 4-119 Address Table Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-121 mac-address-table static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show mac-address-table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clear mac-address-table dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mac-address-table aging-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show mac-address-table aging-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-121 4-122 4-123 4-123 4-123 Spanning Tree Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-124 spanning-tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree forward-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree hello-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree max-age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree pathcost method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree transmission-limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree spanning-disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-125 4-126 4-126 4-127 4-127 4-128 4-128 4-129 Multiple Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-129 spanning-tree mst-configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree mst-configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mst vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mst priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max-hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree port-priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree portfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree edge-port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree protocol-migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree link-type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-129 4-130 4-130 4-131 4-131 4-132 4-132 4-133 4-134 4-134 4-135 4-136 4-136 May 2004 Contents spanning-tree mst cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spanning-tree mst port-priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show spanning-tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show spanning-tree mst configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-137 4-138 4-138 4-139 VLAN Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-140 vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . untagged ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tagged ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dual-mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-141 4-142 4-142 4-143 Configuring VLAN Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-144 interface vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . switchport mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . switchport acceptable-frame-types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . switchport ingress-filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . switchport native vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . switchport allowed vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . switchport forbidden vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-144 4-144 4-145 4-145 4-146 4-147 4-148 4-148 Private VLAN Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-149 Editing Private VLAN Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-150 private-vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-150 private vlan association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-150 Configuring Private VLAN Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-151 switchport mode private-vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-151 switchport private-vlan host-association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-152 switchport private-vlan mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-152 Displaying Private VLAN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-153 show vlan private-vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-153 GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-153 switchport gvrp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show gvrp configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . garp timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show garp timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bridge-ext gvrp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show bridge-ext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-154 4-154 4-155 4-156 4-156 4-157 IGMP Snooping Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-157 Basic IGMP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-158 ip igmp snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip igmp snooping vlan static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip igmp snooping version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show ip igmp snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show mac-address-table multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-158 4-158 4-159 4-159 4-160 IGMP Querier Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-160 ip igmp snooping querier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip igmp snooping query-count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip igmp snooping query-interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-160 4-161 4-161 4-162 4-163 Multicast Router Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-163 ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-163 show ip igmp snooping mrouter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-164 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. xi Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Priority Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-164 Layer 2 Priority Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-165 switchport priority default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . queue bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . queue cos-map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show queue bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show queue cos-map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-165 4-166 4-167 4-168 4-168 Layer 3 and 4 Priority Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-169 map ip precedence (Global Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . map ip dscp (Global Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . map ip port (Global Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . map ip port (Interface Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show map ip precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show map ip dscp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show map ip port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-169 4-169 4-170 4-171 4-172 4-172 4-173 4-173 4-174 Mirror Port Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-175 port monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-175 show port monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-176 Port Trunking Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-177 channel-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-178 Dynamic Trunk Configuration Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-178 lacp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lacp system-priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lacp admin-key (Ethernet Interface) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lacp admin-key (Port Channel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lacp port-priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show lacp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-178 4-179 4-180 4-181 4-181 4-182 Rate Limiting Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-186 rate-limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-186 Appendix A. Using Syslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Displaying Syslog Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 Configuring the Syslog Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 Displaying the Syslog Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 Flash and RAM Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Time Stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4 Example of Syslog Messages on a Device Whose Onboard Clock Is Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5 Displaying and Configuring Syslog Buffer Parameters Using the Web Management Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5 Disabling or Re-Enabling Syslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6 Specifying a Syslog Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6 Using The Web Management Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Specifying an Additional Syslog Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Changing the Log Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Clearing the Syslog Messages from the Local Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 xii © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Contents Syslog Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8 Appendix B. Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Troubleshooting Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Appendix C. Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Appendix D. Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 Console Port Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 DB-9 Port Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 Console Port to 9-Pin DTE Port on PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 Console Port to 25-Pin DTE Port on PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2 Glossary Index May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. xiii Foundry EdgeIron User Guide xiv © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Chapter 1 About This Guide Audience This guide is for system administrators with a working knowledge of network management. You should be familiar with switching and networking concepts. Nomenclature This guide uses the following typographical conventions to show information: Monospace font – Enter text exactly as it appears in this guide. Note: emphasizes an important fact or calls your attention to a dependency. How to Get Help If you need assistance, Foundry Networks is committed to ensuring that your investment in our products remains cost-effective by offering a variety of support options. Foundry Networks Technical Support Foundry Networks technical support will ensure that the fast and easy access that you have come to expect from your Foundry Networks products will be maintained. Web Access Point your browser to the following URL: http://www.foundrynetworks.com. Navigate to Services/Technical Support. Click the Login button, then enter your user name and password to gain access to the Foundry support site. E-mail Access Technical requests can also be sent to the e-mail address: [email protected] May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 1-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Telephone Access â—† 1.877.TURBOCALL (887.2622): United States â—† 1.408.586.1881: Outside the United States Warranty Coverage Contact Foundry Networks using any of the methods listed above for information about the standard and extended warranties. Related Publications Refer to the Foundry EdgeIron 24G-A and 24G Installation Guide, Foundry EdgeIron 4802CF Installation Guide, Foundry EdgeIron 48G Installation Guide, or Foundry EdgeIron 2402CF Installation Guide for instructions on how to install the switch, and refer to the Foundry EdgeIron External Redundant Power Supply for instructions on connecting an external redundant power supply to an EdgeIron switch. Summary of Features This manual contains the configuration and management commands for the EdgeIron products. It contains specific firmware information for the EdgeIron 24G-A, EdgeIron 24G, EdgeIron 4802CF, EdgeIron 48G, and EdgeIron 2402CF Layer 2 switches. It provides information for features in the following software versions: â—† EdgeIron 2402CF: software release version 2.2.4.11 â—† EdgeIron 4802CF: software release version 2.2.4.11 â—† EdgeIron 48G: software release version 2.2.4.11 â—† EdgeIron 24G-A: software release version 2.2.4.11 â—† EdgeIron 24G: software release version 2.0.1.9 What’s New In This Release The following features are new in this release: 1-2 Feature Discussed In the Following Sections Foundry per VLAN Spanning Tree support “Spanning Tree Protocol” on page 3-72 Addition of "vlan" command See “vlan” on page 4-141. Additon of "untagged ethernet" command See “untagged ethernet” on page 4-142. Addition of "tagged ethernet" command See “tagged ethernet” on page 4-142. Addition of "dual-mode" command See “dual-mode” on page 4-143. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 About This Guide Technical Specifications The following table summarizes the technical specifications for the switches: Properties EdgeIron 2402CF EdgeIron 4802CF EdgeIron 24G EdgeIron 24G-A 10/100 Base-T Ports 24 48 0 0 0 10/100/1000 Base-T ports 2 2 24 24 44 Mini-GBIC slots 2 2 4 4 4 Switching Performance (Gbps) 8.8 13.6 48 48 80 Forwarding Rate for a 64-byte packet (Mpps) 6.6 10.2 35.7 35.7 60 Maximum Number of MAC Addresses 8,000 8,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 Physical Dimensions (HxWxD) 1.7”x17.37”x9” 1.7"x17.37"x13.9 1.17"x17.37"x13.9" 1.7”x17.37”x12.76” 1.7”x17.37”x13.9” EdgeIron 48G (4.3x44x22.8 cm) (4.3x44x32.4 cm) (4.3x44x35.3 cm) (4.3x44x35.3 cm) (4.3x44x35.3 cm) Weight 7 lbs (3.18 kg) 9.5 lbs (4.36 kg) 9.5 lbs (4.36 kg) 9.5 lbs (4.36 kg) 12.9lbs (5.86 kg) Power Consumption (Watt) 60W maximum 60W maximum 100W maximum 100W maximum 100W maximum List of Features The following table summarizes the features available in the switches. Refer to the appropriate sections in this manual for any feature limitations. Features EdgeIron 2402CF EdgeIron 4802CF EdgeIron 24G EdgeIron 24G-A EdgeIron 48G Software Version 2.2.4.7 Version 2.2.4.7 Version 2.0.1.9 Version 2.2.4.7 Version 2.2.4.7 Size 1U 1U 1U 1U 1U Uplink mGBIC/TX Combo mGBIC/TX Combo mGBIC/TX Combo mGBIC/TX Combo mGBIC/TX Combo Redundant Power External External External External External Jumbo Frames No No Yes (up to 9 Kbytes) Yes (up to 9 Kbytes) Yes (up to 9 Kbytes) Flash Memory 8 Mbytes 8 Mbytes 4 Mbytes 8 Mbytes 8 Mbytes DRAM 32 Mbytes 32 Mbytes 16 Mbytes 32 Mbytes 32 Mbytes SNTP Yes Yes No Yes Yes ARP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes System May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 1-3 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Features EdgeIron 2402CF EdgeIron 4802CF EdgeIron 24G EdgeIron 24G-A EdgeIron 48G BootP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes DHCP Clients Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Configuration Management Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes RADIUS and TACAC+ authentication Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes TFTP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Remote Logging Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes HTTPS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes SSH (version 2.0) Yes Yes No Yes Yes SSH (version 1.5) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes SNMP (v1 and v2c) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Port Security Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IEEE 802.1x Yes Yes No Yes Yes IEEE 802.1q Port-based VLANs Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes VLANs per switch 255 255 255 255 255 Private VLANs Yes Yes No Yes Yes Dual-mode* Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes GVRP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IEEE 802.1v No No No No No Foundry Per VLAN STP compatible Yes Yes No Yes Yes IEEE 802.1D (STP) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fast Link Option Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IEEE 802.1s (MSTP) Yes Yes No Yes Yes IEEE 802.1W (RSTP) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Priority (IEEE 802.1p & IEEE 802.1q) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Priority queues per port 4 4 4 8 8 IP Precedence, IP DSCP, IP Port Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IP Address Management Security Layer 2 – VLANs Layer 2 – Spanning Tree Layer 2 – Priority 1-4 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 About This Guide Features EdgeIron 2402CF EdgeIron 4802CF EdgeIron 24G EdgeIron 24G-A EdgeIron 48G Strict scheduling for priority queue Yes Yes No Yes Yes L2: 802.1p - Tag-based Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes L2: 802.1p - Port-based Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes L2: 802.1p - Queuing 4 queues per port 4 queues per port 4 queues per port 8 queues per port 8 queues per port L3 Aware: DiffServ/ IP TOS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes L4 Aware: TCP port-based Yes No No No Layer 2 – Priority/QoS No Layer 2 – Link Aggregation 802.3ad Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cisco EhterChannel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Layer 2 – Port Mirroring Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10/100 Trunks Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gigabit Trunks Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IEEE 802.3ad Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Layer 2 – Rate Limiting Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Layer 2 – Trunking Layer 2 – Access Control Lists No Management IP Filter only Management Pass through 128 rules per port Management Interface Access Filtering Yes Yes No Yes Yes IEEE 802.3x Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Layer 3 – ToS/DSCP Honoring Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IGMP Snooping Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Broadcast storm control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes MIB II Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bridging MIB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Interface MIB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes RMON MIB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes RADIUS MIB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ethernet-like MIB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Entity MIB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Multicast MIB Support May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 1-5 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Features EdgeIron 2402CF EdgeIron 4802CF EdgeIron 24G EdgeIron 24G-A EdgeIron 48G Extended MIB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes SNMP MIB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes * Dual Mode refers to a port that can support both tagged and untagged VLANs. 1-6 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Chapter 2 Switch Management Connecting to the Switch Configuration Options The Foundry EdgeIron switches include a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety of management options, including SNMP, RMON and a Web-based interface. A PC may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a command line interface (CLI). Note: The IP address for this switch is assigned via DHCP by default. To change this address, see on page 2-4. The switch’s HTTP Web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor port connections, and display statistics graphically using a standard Web browser such as Netscape Navigator version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher. The switch’s Web management interface can be accessed from any computer attached to the network. The switch’s management agent is based on SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from any system in the network using management software. The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial console port on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network. The switch’s CLI configuration program, Web interface, and SNMP agent allow you to perform the following management functions: • Set user names and passwords for up to 16 users • Set an IP interface for a management VLAN • Configure SNMP parameters • Enable/disable any port • Set the speed/duplex mode for any port • Configure up to 255 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 2-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • Enable GVRP automatic VLAN registration • Configure IGMP multicast filtering • Upload and download of system firmware via TFTP • Upload and download of switch configuration files via TFTP • Configure spanning tree parameters • Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing • Configure up to six static or LACP trunks • Enable port mirroring • Set broadcast storm control on any port • Display system information and statistics Required Connections The switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-modem console cable is provided with the switch. Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a null-modem cable. To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps: 1. Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running terminal emulation software, and tighten the captive retaining screws on the DB-9 connector. 2. Connect the other end of the cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch. 3. Make sure the terminal emulation software is set as follows: • Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2). • Set the data rate to 9600 baud. • Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. • Set flow control to none. • Set the emulation mode to VT100. • When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows keys. Note: When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft® Windows® 2000, make sure that you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later installed. Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 fixes the problem of arrow keys not functioning in HyperTerminal’s VT100 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for information on Windows 2000 service packs. 4. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be displayed. Note: Refer to on page 4-101 for a complete description of console configuration options. 2-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Switch Management For a description of how to use the CLI, see on page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the CLI, refer to on page 4-7. Remote Connections Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol. The IP address for this switch is assigned via DHCP by default. To manually configure this address or enable dynamic address assignment via DHCP or BOOTP, see "Setting an IP Address" on page 2-4. Note: This switch supports four concurrent Telnet sessions. After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The onboard configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a Web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above), or from a network computer using network management software. Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use SNMP-based network management software. Basic Configuration Console Connection The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level (Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic utilities. To fully configure switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the Privileged Exec level. Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at the Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform these steps: 1. To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. The “User Access Verification” procedure starts. 2. At the Username prompt, enter “admin.” 3. At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not displayed on the console screen.) 4. The session is opened and the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating you have access at the Privileged Exec level. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 2-3 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Setting Passwords Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record them and put them in a safe place. Passwords can consist of up to eight alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive. To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows: 1. Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to access the Privileged Exec level. 2. Type “configure” and press <Enter>. 3. Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>. 4. Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>. Username: admin Password: CLI session with the EdgeIron 4802CF is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit]. Console#configure Console(config)#username guest password 0 [password] Console(config)#username admin password 0 [password] Console(config)# Setting an IP Address You must establish IP address information for the switch to obtain management access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways: Manual – You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask. If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the switch, you will also need to specify the default gateway router. Dynamic – The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network. Note: Only one VLAN interface can be assigned an IP address (the default is VLAN 1). This defines the management VLAN, the only VLAN through which you can gain management access to the switch. If you assign an IP address to any other VLAN, the new IP address overrides the original IP address and this becomes the new management VLAN. Manual Configuration You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that exist on another network segment. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program. 2-4 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Switch Management Note: The IP address for this switch is assigned via DHCP by default. Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following information from your network administrator: • IP address for the switch • Default gateway for the network • Network mask for this network To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps: 1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>. 2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>. 3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>. 4. To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address of the default gateway. Press <Enter>. Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 Console(config)# Dynamic Configuration If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. You therefore need to use the “ip dhcp restart” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will be sent periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration information. (BOOTP and DHCP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.) If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is saved to the startup-config file, then the switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on. To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps: 1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>. 2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands: May 2004 • To obtain IP settings through DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press <Enter>. • To obtain IP settings through BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press <Enter>. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 2-5 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide 3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode. Press <Enter>. 4. Type “ip dhcp restart” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press <Enter>. 5. Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings, by typing the “show ip interface” command. Press <Enter>. 6. Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>. Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp Console(config-if)#exit Console#ip dhcp restart Console#show ip interface IP interface vlan IP address and netmask: 10.1.0.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1,and address mode: User specified. Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup Console# Enabling SNMP Management Access The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications. You can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP traps. When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred. Community Strings Community strings are used to control management access to SNMP stations, as well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from the switch. You therefore need to assign community strings to specified users or user groups, and set the access level. The default strings are: • public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects. • private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Note: If you do not intend to utilize SNMP, it is recommended that you delete both of the default community strings. If there are no community strings, then SNMP management access to the switch is disabled. 2-6 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Switch Management To prevent unauthorized access to the switch via SNMP, it is recommended that you change the default community strings. To configure a community string, complete the following steps: 1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <Enter>. 2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,” where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>. Console(config)#snmp-server community mis rw Console(config)#snmp-server community private Console(config)# Trap Receivers You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch. To configure a trap receiver, complete the following steps: 1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “snmp-server host hostaddress community-string,” where “host-address” is the IP address for the trap receiver and “community-string” is the string associated with that host. Press <Enter>. 2. In order to configure the switch to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at least one snmpserver enable traps command. Type “snmp-server enable traps type,” where “type” is either authentication or link-up-down. Press <Enter>. Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps link-up-down Console(config)# Saving Configuration Settings Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in non-volatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up configuration file using the “copy” command. To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command: 1. From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config startup-config” and press <Enter>. 2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 2-7 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name [startup]: startup Write to FLASH Programming. Write to FLASH finish. Success. Console# Managing System Files The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed by the CLI program, Web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file. The three types of files are: • Configuration – These files store system configuration information and are created when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be selected as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for backup. A file named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains all the system default settings and cannot be deleted from the system. See on page 3-13 for more information. • Operation Code – System software that is executed after boot-up, also known as run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI, Web and SNMP management interfaces. See on page 3-52 for more information. • Diagnostic Code – Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as POST (Power On Self-Test). This code also provides a facility to upload firmware files to the system directly through the console port. See on page C-1. Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration files as available flash memory space allows. In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file. During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded. 2-8 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Switch Management System Defaults The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file. See on page 3-13. The following table lists some of the basic system defaults. Function Parameter Default IP Settings Management VLAN 1 DHCP Enabled BOOTP Disabled User Specified Disabled IP Address 0.0.0.0 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Default Gateway 0.0.0.0 HTTP Server Enabled HTTP Port Number 80 Community Strings “public” (read only) “private” (read/write) Authentication Failure Traps Enabled Link-up-Down Traps Enabled Privileged Exec Level Username “admin” Password “admin” Normal Exec Level Username “guest” Password “guest” Enable Privileged Exec from Normal Exec Level Password “super” Authentication local Baud Rate 9600 Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Parity none Local Console Timeout 0 (disabled) Admin Status Enabled Auto-negotiation Enabled Flow Control Disabled 10/100/1000 Mbps Port Capability 10 Mbps half duplex 10 Mbps full duplex 100 Mbps half duplex 100 Mbps full duplex 1000 Mbps full duplex Full-duplex flow control disabled Symmetric flow control disabled Port Security Learning is enabled Web Management SNMP Security Console Port Connection Port Status May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 2-9 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Function Parameter Default Link Aggregation Static Trunks none LACP (all ports) Disabled Status Disabled Spanning Tree Protocol (Defaults: All parameters based on IEEE 802.1w) Fast Forwarding Disabled Address Table Aging Time 300 seconds Virtual LANs Default VLAN 1 PVID 1 Acceptable Frame Type All Ingress Filtering Disabled GVRP (global) Disabled GVRP (port interface) Disabled Ingress Port Priority 0 Weighted Round Robin EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF Class 0: 1 Class 1: 4 Class 2: 16 Class 3: 64 Class of Service EdgeIron 24G Class 0: 16 Class 1: 64 Class 2: 128 Class 3: 240 EdgeIron 24G-A, 48G Class 0: 1 Class 1: 2 Class 2: 4 Class 3: 6 Class 4: 8 Class 5: 10 Class 6: 12 Class 7: 14 Multicast Filtering Broadcast Storm Protection IP Precedence Priority Disabled IP DSCP Priority Disabled IP Port Priority Disabled IGMP Snooping Enabled Act as Querier Enabled Status Enabled (all ports) Broadcast Limit Rate EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF 500 packets per second EdgeIron 24G-A, 24G, 48G 256 packets per second 2-10 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Switch Management Function Parameter Default System Log Status Enabled Messages Logged Levels 0-7 (all) Messages Logged to Flash Levels 0-3 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 2-11 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide 2-12 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Chapter 3 Configuring the Switch Using the Web Interface This switch provides an embedded HTTP Web agent. Using a Web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The Web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard Web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above). Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a serial connection to the console port or via Telnet. For more information on using the CLI, refer to Chapter 4 “Command Line Interface.” Prior to accessing the switch from a Web browser, be sure you have first performed the following tasks: 1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using an out-ofband serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See “Setting the IP Address” on page 3-10.) 2. Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access to the Web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the onboard configuration program. (See “Configuring the Logon Password” on page 3-24.) 3. After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system configuration program. Notes: 1. You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third failed attempt the current connection is terminated. 2. If you log into the Web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view page information but only change the guest password. If you log in as “admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can apply changes on all pages. 3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Protocol, then you can set the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding to improve the switch’s response time to management commands issued through the Web interface. (See “STP Port and Trunk Configuration” on page 3-83.) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Navigating the Web Browser Interface To access the Web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name and password for the administrator is “admin.” Home Page When your Web browser connects with the switch’s Web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and statistics. (The following screen displays the EdgeIron 4802CF homepage.) Configuration Options Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the “Apply” or “Apply Changes” button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the Web page configuration buttons. Button Action Revert Cancels specified values and restores current values prior to pressing “Apply” or “Apply Changes.” Refresh Immediately updates values for the current page. Apply Sets specified values to the system. Apply Changes Sets specified values to the system. Notes: 1. To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.x is configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General / Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.” 2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh button. 3-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Panel Display The Web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports, indicating whether each link is up or down. Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Configuration page as described on page 3-54. Main Menu Using the onboard Web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program. Menu Description Page System System Information Provides basic system description, including contact information 3-6 Switch Information Shows the number of ports, hardware/firmware version numbers, and power status 3-7 Bridge Extension Shows the configuration for bridge extension command 3-52 IP Sets the IP address for management access 3-10 Firmware Manages code image files 3-12 Configuration Manages switch configuration files 3-13 Log Stores and displays error messages 3-15 System Logs Sends error messages to a logging process 3-16 Remote Logs Configures the logging of messages to a remote logging process 3-17 SMTP Sends an SMTP client message to a participating server 3-18 Restarts the switch 3-20 Configuration Configures SNTP client settings, including broadcast mode or a specified list of servers 3-20 Clock Time Zone Sets the local time zone for the system clock 3-22 Configures community strings and related trap functions. 3-22 Assigns a new password for the logon user name 3-24 Authentication Settings Configures RADIUS and TACACS+ authentication parameters 3-25 HTTPS Settings Configures secure HTTP settings. 3-27 SSH Settings Configures Secure Shell settings. 3-28 Host-Key Settings Generates the host key pair (public and private) 3-30 Port Security Configuration Configures port security on specified ports 3-32 File Log Reset SNTP SNMP SNMP Configuration Security Passwords SSH May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-3 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Menu Description Page 802.1x Information Displays general port authentication status information 3-36 Configuration Enables the changing of general port authentication features 3-36 Port Configuration Enables the changing of port authentication features 3-37 Port Statistics Displays a per-port statistical readout 3-38 ACL 3-40 Configuration Configures packet filtering based on IP or MAC addresses 3-40 Mask Configuration Controls the order in which ACL rules are checked 3-46 Port Binding Binds a port to the specified ACL 3-49 IP Filter Sets IP addresses of clients allowed management access via the Web, SNMP, and Telnet 3-51 Port Information Displays port connection status 3-52 Trunk Information Displays trunk connection status 3-52 Port Configuration Configures port connection settings 3-54 Trunk Configuration Configures trunk connection settings 3-54 Trunk Members Specifies ports to groups in static trunks 3-55 Configuration Allows ports to dynamically join trunks 3-57 Aggregation Port Configures system priority, admin key, and port priority 3-60 Port Counters Information Displays statistics for LACP protocol messages 3-61 Port Internal Information Displays settings and operational state for local side 3-63 Port Neighbors Information Displays settings and operational state for remote side 3-63 Broadcast Storm Protect Configuration Sets the broadcast control threshold for each port 3-64 Mirror Port Configuration Sets the source and target ports for mirroring 3-66 Sets the rate limit for each port 3-67 Static Addresses Displays entries for interface, address or VLAN 3-69 Dynamic Addresses Displays or edits static entries in the Address Table 3-70 Address Aging Sets timeout for dynamically learned entries 3-71 STP Information Displays STP values used for the bridge 3-74 STP Configuration Configures global bridge settings for STP 3-77 STP Port Information Configures individual port settings for STP 3-81 STP Trunk Information Configures individual trunk settings for STP 3-81 STP Port Configuration Configures individual port settings for STP 3-83 STP Trunk Configuration Configures individual trunk settings for STP 3-83 Port LACP Rate Limit Rate Limit Configuration Address Table Spanning Tree 3-4 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Menu Description Page Multiple Spanning Tree VLAN Configuration Configures priority and VLANs for a spanning tree instance 3-85 Port Information Displays port settings for a specified MST instance 3-87 Trunk Information Displays trunk settings for a specified MST instance 3-87 Port Configuration Configures port settings for a specified MST instance 3-89 Trunk Configuration Configures trunk settings for a specified MST instance 3-89 VLAN Basic Information Displays basic information on the VLAN type supported by this switch 3-92 VLAN Current Table Shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or not the port supports VLAN tagging 3-93 VLAN VLAN Static List Used to create or remove VLAN groups 3-95 VLAN Static Table Modifies the settings for an existing VLAN 3-96 VLAN Static Membership by Port Configures membership type for interfaces, including tagged or untagged 3-98 VLAN Port Configuration Specifies default PVID and VLAN attributes 3-98 VLAN Trunk Configuration Specifies default trunk VID and VLAN attributes 3-98 Private VLAN Status Enables or disables the private VLAN 3-101 Link Status Configures the private VLAN 3-101 Default Port Priority Sets the default priority for each port 3-102 Default Trunk Priority Sets the default priority for each trunk 3-102 Traffic Class Maps IEEE 802.1p priority tags to output queues 3-103 Queue Scheduling Configures Weighted Round Robin queueing 3-105 IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables both 3-106 IP Precedence Priority Sets IP Type of Service priority, mapping the precedence tag to a class-of-service value 3-107 IP DSCP Priority Sets IP Differentiated Services Code Point priority, mapping a DSCP tag to a class-of-service value 3-109 IP Port Priority Status Globally enables or disables IP Port Priority 3-110 IP Port Priority Sets TCP port priority, defining the socket number and associated class-of-service value 3-110 ACL CoS Priority Sets the CoS value and corresponding output queue for packets matching an ACL rule 3-112 ACL Marker Change traffic priorities for frames matching an ACL rule 3-113 Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics 3-120 IGMP Configuration Enables multicast filtering; configures parameters for multicast query 3-115 Multicast Router Port Information Displays the ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router/switch for each VLAN ID 3-116 Priority Statistics IGMP May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-5 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Menu Static Multicast Router Port Configuration Description Assigns ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router/switch Page 3-117 IP Multicast Registration Table Displays all multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and VLAN ID 3-119 IGMP Member Port Table 3-118 Indicates multicast addresses associated with the selected VLAN Basic Configuration Displaying System Information You can easily identify the system by providing a descriptive name, location and contact information. Command Attributes • System Name – Name assigned to the switch system. • Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem. • Location – Specifies the system location. • Contact – Administrator responsible for the system. • System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up. • MAC Address* – The physical layer address for the switch. • Web server* – Shows if management access via HTTP is enabled or disabled. • Web server port* – Shows the TCP port number used by the Web interface. • Web secure server* – Shows if management access via secure HTTP (HTTPS) is enabled or disabled. • Web secure server port* – Shows the TCP port number used by the HTTPS server. • POST result* – Shows results of the power-on self-test * CLI Only 3-6 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also includes a Telnet button that allows you to access the Command Line Interface via Telnet.) CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information. Console(config)#hostname Java 4-20 Console(config)#snmp-server location Taipei 4-92 Console(config)#snmp-server contact David 4-92 Console#show system 4-46 System description: Foundry Networks EdgeIron 24G System OID string: 1.3.6.1.4.1.1991.1.5.1.1.4.4.1 System information System Up time: 0 days, 0 hours, 22 minutes, and 43.97 seconds System Name : Java System Location : Taipei System Contact : David MAC address : 00-04-80-BD-47-4D Web server : enable Web server port : 80 Web secure server : enable Web secure server port : 443 POST result UART LOOP BACK Test..........PASS DRAM Test....................PASS Timer Test...................PASS PCI Device 1 Test............PASS PCI Device 2 Test............PASS Switch Int Loopback test.....PASS Done All Pass. Console# Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions Use the Switch Information page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system. Command Attributes Main Board • Serial Number – The serial number of the switch. • Number of Ports – Number of built-in RJ-45 ports • Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-7 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply. • Redundant Power Status* – Displays the status of the redundant power supply. * CLI only. Management Software • Loader Version – Version number of loader code. • Boot-ROM Version – Version number of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code. • Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code. • Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master (i.e., operating stand-alone). Web – Click System, Switch Information. CLI – Use the following command to display version information. Console#show version Unit1 Serial number Hardware version Number of ports Main power status Redundant power status Agent(master) Unit id Loader version Boot rom version Operation code version Console# 4-48 :A329025054 :R01 :24 :up :not present :1 :2.0.2.2 :2.0.2.4 :2.2.4.11 Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Multicast Filtering, Traffic Classes, and Virtual LANs. You can access these extensions to display default settings for the key variables, or to configure the global setting for GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP). 3-8 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Command Attributes • Extended Multicast Filtering Services – This switch does not support the filtering of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol). • Traffic Classes – This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic classes. (Refer to “Priority Configuration” on page 3-102.) • Static Entry Individual Port – This switch allows static filtering for unicast and multicast addresses. (Refer to “Setting Static Addresses” on page 3-69.) • VLAN Learning – This switch uses Independent VLAN Learning (IVL), where each port maintains its own filtering database. • Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 3-90.) • Local VLAN Capable – This switch supports multiple local bridges (i.e., multiple Spanning Trees). • GMRP – GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups. This switch does not support GMRP; it uses the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to provide automatic multicast filtering. Web – Click System, Bridge Extension. CLI – Enter the following command. Console#show bridge-ext Max support vlan numbers: 255 Max support vlan ID: 4094 Extended multicast filtering services: No Static entry individual port: Yes VLAN learning: IVL Configurable PVID tagging: Yes Local VLAN capable: No Traffic classes: Enabled Global GVRP status: Enabled GMRP: Disabled Console# May 2004 4-157 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-9 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Setting the IP Address An IP address may be used for management access to the switch over your network. By default, the switch uses DHCP to assign IP settings to VLAN 1 on the switch. If you wish to manually configure IP settings, you need to change the switch’s user-specified defaults (IP address 0.0.0.0 and netmask 255.0.0.0) to values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to a establish a default gateway between the switch and management stations that exist on another network segment. You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server when it is powered on. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program. 3-10 • Management VLAN – This is the only VLAN through which you can gain management access to the switch. By default, all ports on the switch are members of VLAN 1, so a management station can be connected to any port on the switch. However, if other VLANs are configured and you change the Management VLAN, you may lose management access to the switch. In this case, you should reconnect the management station to a port that is a member of the Management VLAN. • IP Address Mode – Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration (Static), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Boot Protocol (BOOTP). If DHCP/BOOTP is enabled, IP will not function until a reply has been received from the server. Requests will be broadcast periodically by the switch for an IP address. (DHCP/BOOTP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.) • IP Address – Address of the VLAN interface that is allowed management access. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. • Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. • Gateway IP Address – IP address of the gateway router between this device and management stations that exist on other network segments. • MAC Address – The MAC address of this switch. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Manual Configuration Web – Click System, IP. Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway, then click Apply. CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway. Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 10.2.13.30 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 Console(config)# 4-10 4-109 4-97 4-98 Using DHCP/BOOTP If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be dynamically configured by these services. Web – Click System, IP. Specify the Management VLAN, set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Then click Apply to save your changes. The switch will broadcast a request for IP configuration settings on the next power reset. Otherwise, you can click Restart DHCP to immediately request a new address. If you lose your management connection, use a console connection and enter show ip interface to determine the new switch address. CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-109 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp 4-97 Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart 4-98 Console#show ip interface 4-99 IP address and netmask: 10.1.0.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: User specified. Console# Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a specific period of time. If the address expires or the switch is moved to another network segment, you will lose management access to the switch. In this case, you can reboot the switch or submit a client request to restart DHCP service. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-11 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – If the address assigned by DHCP is no longer functioning, you will not be able to renew the IP settings via the Web interface. You can only restart DHCP service via the Web interface if the current address is still available. CLI – Enter the following command to restart DHCP service. Console#ip dhcp restart 4-98 Managing Firmware You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server. By saving runtime code to a file on a TFTP server, that file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore operation. You can also set the switch to use new firmware without overwriting the previous version. Command Attributes • TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server. • Destination File Name – File names are case-sensitive, should not contain slashes (\ or /), the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”) Note: The maximum number of runtime code files is two. Downloading System Software from a Server When downloading runtime code, you can specify the Destination File Name to replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file. Web – Click System, Firmware. Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, enter the file name of the software to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Transfer from Server. 3-12 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch When you download a file using a different name from the current runtime code file, you need to select the new file name from the drop-down box for the operation code used at startup, and then click Apply Changes. To start the new firmware, reboot the system. CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, select config or opcode file type, then enter the source and destination file names, set the new file to start up the system, and then restart the switch. Console#copy tftp file TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.99 Choose file type: 1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 2 Source file name: v10.bix Destination file name: V10000 / Console#config Console(config)#boot system opcode: V10000 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-14 4-17 4-11 Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings You can upload/download configuration settings to/from a TFTP server. The configuration file can be later downloaded to restore the switch’s settings. Command Attributes • TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server. • Destination File Name – File names are case-sensitive, should not contain slashes (\ or /), the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”) Note: The maximum number of user-defined configuration files is limited only by available flash memory space. You can save the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as a destination file name on the switch. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-13 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click System, Configuration. Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, enter the name of the file to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, and then click Transfer from Server. If you download to a new file name, select the new file from the drop-down box for Startup Configuration File, and click Apply Changes. To use the new settings, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu. CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, specify the source file on the server, and set the startup file name on the switch. If you download the startup configuration file under a new file name, you can set this file as the startup file at a later time, and then restart the switch. Console#copy tftp startup-config TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.19 Source configuration file name: startup2.0 Startup configuration file name [startup] : startup2.0 \Write to FLASH Programming. -Write to FLASH finish. Success. Console#config Console(config)#boot system config: startup2.0 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 3-14 4-14 4-17 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Copying the Running Configuration to a File You can save the current running configuration to a new file name and then set it as the startup file. Enter a name for the new configuration file, and then click Copy to File. CLI – If you copy the running configuration to a file, you can set this file as the startup file at a later time, and then restart the switch. Console#copy running-config file destination file name : 051902.cfg / Console# Console#config Console(config)#boot system config: 051902.cfg Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-14 4-17 4-11 System Logs The system can be configured to send debug and error messages to a logging process. This logging process controls the type of error messages that are stored in switch memory or sent to a remote syslog server. The system allows you to specify which levels are logged to RAM or flash memory. Severe error messages that are logged to flash memory are permanently stored in the switch to assist in troubleshooting network problems. Up to 4096 log entries can be stored in the flash memory, with the oldest entries being overwritten first when the available log memory (256 kilobytes) has been exceeded. The Logs page allows you to scroll through the logged system and event messages. The switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory (RAM; i.e., memory flushed on power reset) and up to 4096 entries in permanent flash memory. Web – Click System, Logs. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-15 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – Type "show logging" followed by the type of logging information required. Console#sh logging sendmail SMTP servers ----------------------------------------------- 4-42 Active SMTP server: 0.0.0.0 SMTP minimum severity level: 7 SMTP destination email addresses ----------------------------------------------SMTP source email address: SMTP status: Enable Console# System Logs Configuration The System Logs page allows you to configure and limit system messages that are logged to flash or RAM memory. The default is for levels 0 to 3 to be logged to flash and levels 0 to 7 to be logged to RAM. Command Attributes • System Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages to the logging process. • Flash Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s permanent flash memory for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 3 will be logged to flash. • RAM Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s temporary RAM memory for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 7 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 7 will be logged to RAM. Note: The Flash Level must be equal to or less than the RAM Level. Web – Click System, System Logs. Specify System Log Status, then change the level of messages, and click Apply. 3-16 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information. Console(config)#logging on Console(config)#logging history ram 0 Console(config)# Console#show logging flash Syslog logging: Enable History logging in FLASH: level errors [9] 13:30:42 2/28/4 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [8] 13:30:42 2/28/4 "STP topology change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [7] 13:30:12 2/28/4 "Unit 1, Port 8 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [6] 13:30:8 2/28/4 "Unit 1, Port 8 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [5] 13:30:8 2/28/4 "VLAN 1 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [4] 13:20:6 3/3/4 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [3] 13:20:6 3/3/4 "STP topology change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [2] 13:19:36 3/3/4 "Unit 1, Port 8 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [1] 13:19:31 3/3/4 "Unit 1, Port 6 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [0] 13:19:31 3/3/4 "VLAN 1 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event Console# 4-37 4-38 4-42 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 Remote Logs Configuration The Remote Logs page allows you to configure the logging of messages that are sent to syslog servers or other management stations. You can also limit the error messages sent to only those messages of a specified level. Command Attributes • Remote Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages to the remote logging process. (Default: enabled) • Logging Facility – Sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages. There are eight facility types specified by values of 16 to 23. The facility type is used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service. (Default: 23) • Logging Trap – Limits log messages that are sent to the remote syslog server for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 3 will be sent to the remote server. (Default: 7) • Host IP List – Displays the list of remote server IP addresses that receive the syslog messages. The maximum number of host IP addresses allowed is five. • Host IP Address – Specifies a new server IP address to add to the Host IP List. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-17 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click System, Remote Logs. To add an IP address to the Host IP List, type the new IP address in the Host IP Address box, and then click Add IP. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the Host IP List, and then click Remove. CLI – Enter the syslog server host IP address, choose the facility type and set the logging trap. Console(config)#logging host 10.1.0.9 Console(config)#logging facility 23 Console(config)#logging trap 4 Console(config)#end Console#show logging trap Syslog logging: Enable REMOTELOG status: enable REMOTELOG facility type: local use 7 REMOTELOG level type: Warning conditions REMOTELOG server ip address: 10.1.0.9 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 Console# 4-39 4-39 4-40 4-42 Sending Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Alerts To alert system administrators of problems, the switch can use SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) to send email messages when triggered by logging events of a specified level. The messages are sent to specified SMTP servers on the network and can be retrieved using POP or IMAP clients. Command Attributes • Admin Status – Enables/disables the SMTP function. (Default: Disabled) • 3-18 Email Source Address – Sets the email address used for the “From” field in alert messages. You may use a symbolic email address that identifies the switch, or the address of an administrator responsible for the switch. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • Severity – Sets the syslog severity threshold level (see table “Syslog Definition” on page 4-38) used to trigger alert messages. All events at this level or higher will be sent to the configured email recipients. For example, using Level 7 will report all events from level 7 to level 0. (Default : Level 7) • SMTP Server List – Specifies a list of up to three recipient SMTP servers. The switch attempts to connect to the other listed servers if the first fails. Use the New SMTP Server text field and the Add/Remove buttons to configure the list. • Email Destination Address List – Specifies the email recipients of alert messages. You can specify up to five recipients. Use the New Email Destination Address text field and the Add/Remove buttons to configure the list. Web – Click System, Log, SMTP. Enable SMTP, specify a source email address, and select the minimum severity level. To add an IP address to the SMTP Server List, type the new IP address in the SMTP Server text box and then click Add. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the SMTP Server List and then click Remove. Specify up to five email addresses to receive the alert messages, and then click Apply. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-19 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – Enter the IP address of at least one SMTP server, set the syslog severity level to trigger an email message, and specify the switch (source) and up to five recipient (destination) email addresses. Enable SMTP with the logging sendmail command to complete the configuration. Use the show logging sendmail command to display the current SMTP configuration. Console(config)#logging sendmail host 192.168.1.4 Console(config)#logging sendmail level 3 Console(config)#logging sendmail source-email [email protected] Console(config)#logging sendmail destination-email [email protected] Console(config)#logging sendmail Console(config)#exit Console#show logging sendmail SMTP servers ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.4 4-48 4-49 4-50 4-50 4-50 4-51 Active SMTP server: 0.0.0.0 SMTP minimum severity level: 4 SMTP destination email addresses ----------------------------------------------1. [email protected] SMTP source email address: SMTP status: Console# [email protected] Enabled Resetting the System Web – Select System, Reset to reboot the switch. When prompted, confirm that you want reset the switch. CLI – Use the reload command to reboot the system. Console#reload System will be restarted, continue <y/n>? y Console# 4-11 Note: When restarting the system, it always runs the Power-On Self-Test. Configuring SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and times for event entries. You can also manually set the clock using the CLI. (See “calendar set” on page 4-55.) If the clock is not set, the switch will only record the time from the factory default set at the last bootup. 3-20 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch This switch acts as an SNTP client in two modes: Unicast – The switch periodically sends a request for a time update to a configured time server. You can configure up to three time server IP addresses. The switch will attempt to poll each server in the configured sequence. Broadcast – The switch sets its clock from a time server in the same subnet that broadcasts time updates. If there is more than one SNTP server, the switch accepts the first broadcast it detects and ignores broadcasts from other servers. You can configure the switch to send time synchronization requests to specific time servers (i.e., client mode), update its clock based on broadcasts from time servers, or use both methods. When both methods are enabled, the switch will update its clock using information broadcast from time servers, but will query the specified server(s) if a broadcast is not received within the polling interval. Command Attributes • SNTP Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP unicast client. This mode requires at least one time server to be specified in the SNTP Server field. • SNTP Broadcast Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP broadcast client. This mode requires no other configuration settings; the switch will obtain time updates from time server broadcasts (using the multicast address 224.0.1.1). • SNTP Poll Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update from a time server when set to SNTP Client mode. (Range: 16-16284 seconds; Default: 16 seconds) • SNTP Server – In unicast mode, sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch attempts to update the time from the first server, if this fails it attempts an update from the next server in the sequence. Web – Select SNTP, Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click Apply. CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP broadcast client. Console(config)#sntp Console(config)#sntp Console(config)#sntp 128.250.36.2 Console(config)#sntp Console(config)# May 2004 client poll 16 server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 4-52 4-53 4-52 broadcast client © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-21 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Setting the Time Zone SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC. Command Attributes • Current Time – Displays the current time. • Name – Assigns a name to the time zone. • Hours (0-12) – The number of hours before/after UTC. • Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC. • Direction – Configures the time zone to be before (east) or after (west) UTC. Web – Select SNTP, Clock Time Zone. Set the offset for your time zone relative to the UTC, and click Apply. CLI - This example shows how to set the time zone for the system clock. Console(config)#clock timezone Dhaka hours 6 minute 0 after-UTC Console# Configuring SNMP The switch includes an onboard agent that continuously monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports, based on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). A network management station can access this information using management software. Access rights to the onboard agent are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the management station must first submit a valid community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings and related trap functions are described in the following sections. Setting Community Access Strings You may configure up to five community strings authorized for management access. For security reasons, you should consider removing the default strings. Command Attributes Community String – A community string that acts like a password and permits access to the SNMP protocol. 3-22 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Access Mode • Read-Only – Specifies read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects. • Read/Write – Specifies read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Web – Click SNMP, SNMP Configuration. Enter a new string in the Community String box and select the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add. CLI – The following example adds the string “spiderman” with read/write access. Console(config)#snmp-server community spiderman rw Console(config)# 4-91 Specifying Trap Managers You can specify up to five management stations that will receive authentication failure messages and other trap messages from the switch. Command Usage • If you do not enter a trap manager host IP address, no notifications are sent. In order to configure the switch to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at least one host IP address. • The switch can send SNMP version 1 or version 2c traps to a host IP address, depending on the SNMP version that the management station supports. The default is to send SNMP version 1 traps. • You can enable or disable authentication messages and link-up-down messages via the Web interface. • You can enable or disable authentication messages, link-up-down messages, or all notification types via the CLI. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-23 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click SNMP, SNMP Configuration. Fill in the Trap Manager IP Address box and the Trap Manager Community String box, mark Enable Authentication Traps if required, and then click Add. CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables authentication traps. Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.23 batman Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps authentication 4-93 4-94 Security Configuring the Logon Password The guest only has read access for most configuration parameters. However, the administrator has write access for parameters governing the onboard agent. You should therefore assign a new administrator password as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place. (If for some reason your password is lost, you can reload the factory deafults file to restore the default passwords as described in “Troubleshooting Chart” on page B-1.) The default guest name is “guest” with the password “guest.” The default administrator name is “admin” with the password “admin.” Note that user names can only be assigned via the CLI. Command Attributes • User Name* – The name of the user. (Maximum length: 8 characters, case sensitive; maximum number of users: 16) • Access Level* – Specifies the user level. (Options: 0 - Normal, 15 - Privileged.) • Password – Specifies the user password. (Range: 0-8 characters plain text, case sensitive) * CLI only. 3-24 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click System, Passwords. To change the password for the current user, enter the old password, then enter the new password, confirm it by entering it again, then click Apply. CLI – Assign a user name to access-level 15 (i.e., administrator), then specify the password. Console(config)#username bob access-level 15 Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith Console(config)# 4-20 Configuring RADIUS/TACACS Logon Authentication You can configure this switch to authenticate users logging into the system for management access using local, RADIUS, or TACACS+ authentication methods. RADIUS and TACACS+ are logon authentication protocols that use software running on a central server to control access to RADIUS-aware or TACACS+-aware devices on the network. An authentication server contains a database of multiple user name/password pairs with associated privilege levels for each user that requires management access to a switch. Like RADIUS, Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) is a system that uses a central server to control authentication for access to switches on the network. RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery, while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts only the password in the accessrequest packet from the client to the server, while TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet. Command Usage • By default, management access is always checked against the authentication database stored on the local switch. If a remote authentication server is used, you must specify the authentication sequence and the corresponding parameters for the remote authentication protocol. • RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery, while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server, while TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet. • RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication control management access via the console port, Web browser, or Telnet. These access options must be configured on the authentication server. • RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication assign a specific privilege level for each user name/password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level must be configured on the authentication server. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-25 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • You can specify up to three authentication methods for any user to indicate the authentication sequence. For example, if you select (1) RADIUS, (2) TACACS and (3) Local, the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted using the TACACS+ server, and finally the local user name and password is checked. Command Attributes • Authentication – Select the authentication, or authentication sequence required: - RADIUS – User authentication is performed using a RADIUS server only. TACACS – User authentication is performed using a TACACS+ server only. Local – User authentication is performed only locally by the switch. [authentication sequence] – User authentication is performed by up to three authentication methods in the indicated sequence. RADIUS Settings • Server IP Address – Address of the RADIUS server. (Default: 10.1.0.1) • Server Port Number – Network (UDP) port of the RADIUS server used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 1812) • Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters) • Number of Server Transmits – Number of times the switch will try to authenticate logon access via the RADIUS server. (Range: 1-30; Default: 2) • Timeout for a reply (secs) – The number of seconds the switch waits for a reply from the RADIUS server before it resends the request. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 5) TACACS+ Settings • Server IP Address – Address of the TACACS+ server. (Default: 10.1.0.1) • Server Port Number – Network (TCP) port of TACACS+ server used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 1812) • Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters) Note: The local switch user database has to be set up by manually entering user names and passwords using the CLI. 3-26 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click System, Authentication Settings. To configure local or remote authentication preferences, specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to three methods), fill in the parameters for RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication if selected, and click Apply. CLI Commands CLI – Specify all the required parameters to enable logon authentication. Console(config)#authentication login radius Console(config)#radius-server host 192.168.1.25 Console(config)#radius-server port 181 Console(config)#radius-server key green Console(config)#radius-server retransmit 5 Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10 Console#show radius-server Server IP address: 192.168.1.25 Communication key with radius server: green Server port number: 181 Retransmit times: 5 Request timeout: 10 Console(config)#authentication login tacacs Console(config)#tacacs-server host 10.20.30.40 Console(config)#tacacs-server port 200 Console(config)#tacacs-server key green Console#show tacacs-server Server IP address: 10.20.30.40 Communication key with tacacs server: green Server port number: 200 Console(config)# 4-57 4-58 4-59 4-59 4-60 4-60 4-60 4-57 4-61 4-61 4-62 4-62 HTTPS You can configure the switch to enable the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an encrypted connection) to the switch’s Web interface. Both the HTTP and HTTPS service can be enabled independently on the switch. However, you cannot configure the HTTP and HTTPS servers to use the same UDP port. If you change the HTTPS port number, clients attempting to connect to the HTTPS server must specify the port number in the URL, in this format: https://device:port_number. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-27 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Note: If you enable HTTPS, you must indicate this in the URL. For example: https://device [:port_number] The following Web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS: Web Browser Operating System Internet Explorer 5.0 or later Windows 98, Windows NT (with service pack 6a), Windows 2000 Netscape Navigator 4.76 or later Windows 98, Windows NT (with service pack 6a), Windows 2000, Windows XP, Solaris 2.6 When you start HTTPS, the client and server establish a secure encrypted connection. A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.x and Netscape Navigator 4.x. Command Attributes • HTTPS Status – Allows you to enable/disable the HTTPS server on the switch. (Default: Enabled) • HTTPS Port – Specifies the UDP port number used for HTTPS/SSL connection to the switch’s Web interface. The default is port 443. Web – Click System, HTTPS Settings. Select Enabled for the HTTPS Status and specify the port number, then click Apply. CLI – Enter the following commands to specify the secure port number and to enable HTTPS. Console(config)#ip http secure-server Console(config)#ip http secure-port 441 Console(config)# 4-25 4-26 SSH The Berkeley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows and other environments. These tools, including commands such as rlogin (remote login), rsh (remote shell), and rcp (remote copy), are not secure from hostile attacks. The Secure Shell (SSH) includes server/client applications intended as a secure replacement for the older Berkley remote access tools. SSH can also provide remote management access to this switch as a secure replacement for Telnet. When the client contacts the switch via the SSH protocol, the switch generates a public-key that the client uses along with a local user name and password for access authentication. SSH also encrypts all data transfers 3-28 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch passing between the switch and SSH-enabled management station clients, and ensures that data traveling over the network arrives unaltered. Note that you need to install an SSH client on the management station to access the switch for management via the SSH protocol. Note: The switch supports both SSH Version 1.5 and 2.0.There are two versions of the SSH protocol currently available, SSH v1.5 and SSH v2.0. The switch supports SSH v2.0. To use the SSH server, complete these steps: 1. Generate a Host Key Pair – On the SSH Host Key Settings page, create a host public/private key pair. 2. Provide Host Public Key to Clients – Many SSH client programs automatically import the host public key during the initial connection setup with the switch. Otherwise, you need to manually create a known hosts file on the management station and place the host public key in it. An entry for a public key in the known hosts file would appear similar to the following example: 10.1.0.54 1024 35 15684995401867669259333946775054617325313674890836547254 15020245593199868544358361651999923329781766065830956 10825913212890233 76546801726272571413428762941301196195566782 59566410486957427888146206 51941746772984865468615717739390164779355942303577413098022737087794545 24083971752646358058176716709574804776117 3. Import Client’s Public Key to the Switch – Use the copy tftp public-key command (Page 4-14) to copy a file containing the public key for all the SSH client’s granted management access to the switch. (Note that these clients must be configured locally on the switch via the User Accounts page as described on page 3-32.) The clients are subsequently authenticated using these keys. The current firmware only accepts public key files based on standard UNIX format as shown in the following example: 1024 35 1341081685609893921040944920155425347631641921872958921143173880 05553616163105177594083868631109291232226828519254374603100937187721199 69631781366277414168985132049117204830339254324101637997592371449011938 00609025394840848271781943722884025331159521348610229029789827213532671 31629432532818915045306393916643 [email protected] 4. Set the Optional Parameters – On the SSH Settings page, configure the optional parameters, including the authentication timeout, the number of retries, and the server key size. 5. Enable SSH Service – On the SSH Settings page, enable the SSH server on the switch. 6. Challenge-Response Authentication – When an SSH client attempts to contact the switch, the SSH server uses the host key pair to negotiate a session keyand encryption method. Only clients that have a private key corresponding to the public keys stored on the switch can access. The following exchanges take place during this process: a.The client sends its public key to the switch. b. The switch compares the client's public key to those stored in memory. c.If a match is found, the switch uses the public key to encrypt a random sequence of bytes, and sends this string to the client. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-29 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide d.The client uses its private key to decrypt the bytes, and sends the decrypted bytes back to the switch. e. The switch compares the decrypted bytes to the original bytes it sent. If the two sets match, this means that the client's private key corresponds to an authorized public key, and the client is authenticated. Notes: 1. To use SSH with only password authentication, the host public key must still be given to the client, either during initial connection or manually entered into the known host file. However, you do not need to configure the client’s keys. 2. The SSH server supports up to four client sessions. The maximum number 3. of client sessions includes both current Telnet sessions and SSH sessions. Generating the Host Key Pair A host public/private key pair is used to provide secure communications between an SSH client and the switch. After generating this key pair, you must provide the host public key to SSH clients and import the client’s public key to the switch as described in the proceeding section (Command Usage). Command Attributes • Public-Key of Host-Key – The public key for the host. • • 3-30 - RSA: The first field indicates the size of the host key (e.g., 1024), the second field is the encoded public exponent (e.g., 65537), and the last string is the encoded modulus. - DSA: The first field indicates that the encryption method used by SSH is based on the Digital Signature Standard (DSS). The last string is the encoded modulus. Host-Key Type – The key type used to generate the host key pair (i.e., public and private keys). (Range: RSA, DSA, Both: Default: RSA) The SSH server uses RSA or DSA for key exchange when the client first establishes a connection with the switch, and then negotiates with the client to select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption. Save Host-Key from Memory to Flash – Saves the host key from RAM (i.e., volatile memory to flash memory. Otherwise, the host key pair is stored to RAM by default. Note that you must select this item prior to generating the host-key pair. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • Generate – This button is used to generate the host key pair. Note that you must first generate the host key pair before you can enable the SSH server on the SSH Server Settings page. CLI – This example generates a host-key pair using both the RSA and DSA algorithms, stores the keys to flash memory, and then displays the host’s public keys. Console#ip ssh crypto host-key generate 4-35 Console#ip ssh save host-key 4-32 Console#show public-key host 4-36 Host: RSA: 1024 65537 127250922544926402131336514546131189679055192360076028653006761 82409690947448320102524878965977592168322225584652387791546479807396314033 86925793105105765212243052807865885485789272602937866089236841423275912127 60325919683697053439336438445223335188287173896894511729290510813919642025 190932104328579045764891 DSA: ssh-dss AAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAN6zwIqCqDb3869jYVXlME1sHL0EcE/Re6hlasfEthIwmj hLY4O0jqJZpcEQUgCfYlum0Y2uoLka+Py9ieGWQ8f2gobUZKIICuKg6vjO9XTs7XKc05xfzkBi KviDa+2OrIz6UK+6vFOgvUDFedlnixYTVo+h5v8r0ea2rpnO6DkZAAAAFQCNZn/x17dwpW8RrV DQnSWw4Qk+6QAAAIEAptkGeB6B5hwagH4gUOCY6i1TmrmSiJgfwO9OqRPSMbCAkCC+uzxatOo7 drnIZypMx+Sx5RUdMGgKS+9ywsa1cWqHeFY5ilc3lDCNBueeLykZzVS+RS+azTKIk/zrJh8GLG Nq375R55yRxFvmcGIn/Q7IphPqyJ3o9MK8LFDfmJEAAACAL8A6tESiswP2OFqX7VGoEbzVDSOI RTMFy3iUXtvGyQAOVSy67Mfc3lMtgqPRUOYXDiwIBp5NXgilCg5z7VqbmRm28mWc5a//f8TUAg PNWKV6W0hqmshQdotVzDR1e+XKNTZj0uTwWfjO5Kytdn4MdoTHgrbl/DMdAfjnte8MZZs= Console# Configuring the SSH Server The SSH server includes basic settings for authentication. Command Attributes • SSH Server Status – Allows you to enable/disable the SSH server on the switch. (Default: Enabled) • Version – The Secure Shell version number. Version 2.0 is displayed, but the switch supports management access via either SSH Version 1.5 or 2.0 clients. • SSH Authentication Timeout – Specifies the time interval in seconds that the SSH server waits for a response from a client during an authentication attempt. (Range: 1 to 120 seconds; Default: 120 seconds) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-31 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • SSH Authentication Retries – Specifies the number of authentication attempts that a client is allowed before authentication fails and the client has to restart the authentication process. (Range: 1-5 times; Default: 3) • SSH Server-Key Size – Specifies the SSH server key size. (Range: 512-896 bits) - The server key is a private key that is never shared outside the switch. - The host key is shared with the SSH client, and is fixed at 1024 bits. Web – Click System, SSH Settings. Select Enabled for the SSH Server Status, specify the authentication timeout and number of retries, then click Apply. CLI – Enter the following commands to configure the SSH service. Console(config)#ip ssh server Console(config)#ip ssh timeout 100 Console(config)#ip ssh authentication-retries 5 Console(config)# Console#show ip ssh Information of secure shell SSH status: enable SSH authentication timeout: 100 SSH authentication retries: 5 Console#show ssh Connection Version State Username Encryption 0 2.0 Session-Started admin ctos aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 stoc aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 Console#disconnect ssh 0 Console# 4-35 4-35 4-35 4-37 4-36 4-36 Configuring Port Security Port security is a feature that allows you to configure a switch port with one or more device MAC addresses that are authorized to access the network through that port. When port security is enabled on a port, the switch stops learning new MAC addresses on the specified port. Only incoming traffic with source addresses already stored in the dynamic or static address table will be accepted as authorized to access the network through that port. If a device with an unauthorized MAC address attempts to use the switch port, the intrusion will be detected and the switch can automatically take action by disabling the port and sending a trap message. To use port security, first allow the switch to dynamically learn the <source MAC address, VLAN> pair for frames received on a port for an initial period, and then enable port security to stop address learning. Be sure you enable the learning function long enough to ensure that all valid VLAN members have been registered on the selected port. 3-32 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Command Usage • Note that a secure port has the following restrictions: - It should not be connected to a network interconnection device. - It cannot be configured as a member of a static trunk. - It can be configured as an LACP trunk port, but the switch does not allow the LACP trunk to be enabled. • A port that is already configured as an LACP or static trunk port cannot be enabled as a secure port. • The EdgeIron series port security feature allows you to set a maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on a port. When port security is enabled, the selected port will stop learning MAC addresses when it has reached the maximum number. The MAC addresses already in the address table will be retained and will not age out. Any other device that attempts to use the port will be prevented from accessing the switch. Note that the EdgeIron 2402CF does not provide an intrusion action to shutdown a port or send an SNMP trap message. The 2402CF also supports a maximum MAC count setting that sets the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on a port when port security is enabled. Command Attributes • Security Status – Enables or disables port security on the port. (Default: disabled) • • Intrusion Shutdown and Trap – Indicates the action to be taken when a port security violation is detected: - None: Indicates that no action should be taken. (This is the default.) - Trap: Indicates that an SNMP trap message only be sent. - Shutdown: Indicates that the port should only be disabled. - Trap and Shutdown: Indicates that the port is to be disabled and an SNMP trap message sent. Max MAC Count – (EdgeIron 2402CF only.) Sets the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on a port when port security is enabled. (Range: 0 - 20, Default: 0) Note: If a port is disabled (shutdown) due to a security violation, it must be manually re-enabled from the Port/Port Configuration page. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-33 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Port, Port Security Configuration. Check the checkbox in the Security Status column to enable security for a port, set the security action to be taken when a port intrusion is detected, then click Apply. CLI – Use the interface command to select the target port, then use the port security action command to configure the port intrusion action. Use the port security command to enable security for the port. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#port security action trap-and-shutdown Console(config-if)#port security max-mac-count 20 Console(config-if)# 4-114 Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication Network switches can provide open and easy access to network resources by simply attaching a client PC. Although this automatic configuration and access is a desirable feature, it also allows unauthorized personnel to easily intrude and possibly gain access to sensitive network data. The IEEE 802.1x (dot1x) standard defines a port-based access control procedure that prevents unauthorized access to a network by requiring users to first submit credentials for authentication. Access to all switch ports in a network can be centrally controlled from a server, which means that authorized users can use the same credentials for authentication from any point within the network. This switch uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to exchange authentication protocol messages with the client, and a remote RADIUS authentication server to verify user identity and access rights. When a client (i.e., Supplicant) connects to a switch port, the switch (i.e., Authenticator) responds with an EAPOL identity request. The client provides its identity (such as a user name) in an EAPOL response to the switch, which it forwards to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server verifies the client identity and sends an access challenge back to the client. The EAP packet from the RADIUS server contains not only the challenge, but the authentication method to be used. The client can reject the authentication method and request another, depending on the configuration of the client software and the RADIUS server. 3-34 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch The authentication method can be MD5, TLS (Transport Layer Security), TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Security), or other. The client responds to the appropriate method with its credentials, such as a password or certificate. The RADIUS server verifies the client credentials and responds with an accept or reject packet. If authentication is successful, the switch allows the client to access the network. Otherwise, network access is denied and the port remains blocked. Note: TLS, TTLS and PEAP are not currently supported. The operation of 802.1x on the switch requires the following: • The switch must have an IP address assigned. • RADIUS authentication must be enabled on the switch and the IP address of the RADIUS server specified. • Each switch port that will be used must be set to dot1x “Auto” mode. • Each client that needs to be authenticated must have dot1x client software installed and properly configured. • The RADIUS server must support EAPOL and MD5 authentication. Web – Click 802.1x, 802.1x Information. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-35 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – This example shows the default protocol settings for dot1x. For a description of the additional entries displayed in the CLI, see “show dot1x” on page 4-66. Console#show dot1x Global 802.1X Parameters reauth-enabled: yes reauth-period: 300 quiet-period: 350 tx-period: 300 supp-timeout: 30 server-timeout: 30 reauth-max: 2 max-req: 2 802.1X Port Summary Port Name Status 1 disabled 2 disabled . . . 25 disabled 26 enabled 4-66 Mode ForceAuthorized ForceAuthorized Authorized n/a n/a ForceAuthorized Auto yes yes 802.1X Port Details 802.1X is disabled on port 1 . . . 802.1X is enabled on port 26 Max request 2 Quiet period 350 Reauth period 300 Tx period 300 Status Unauthorized Port-control Auto Supplicant 00-00-00-00-00-00 Authenticator State Machine State Connecting Reauth Count 3 Backend State Machine State Idle Request Count 0 Identifier(Server) 0 Reauthentication State Machine State Initialize Console# Configuring 802.1x Global Settings The 802.1x protocol includes global parameters that control the client authentication process that runs between the client and the switch (i.e., authenticator), as well as the client identity lookup process that runs between the switch and authentication server. The configuration options for parameters are described in this section. Command Attributes • 802.1X Re-authentication – Sets the client to be re-authenticated after the interval specified by the Timeout for Re-authentication Period. Re-authentication can be used to detect if a new device is plugged into a switch port. (Default: Disabled) • 3-36 802.1X Max Request Count – Sets the maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session. (Range: 1-10; Default 2) © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • Timeout for Quiet Period – Sets the time that a switch port waits after the 802.1X Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 60 seconds) • Timeout for Re-authentication Period – Sets the time period after which a connected client must be re-authenticated. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 3600 seconds) • Timeout for TX Period – Sets the time period during an authentication session that the switch waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 30 seconds) • authentication dot1X default* – Sets the default authentication server type. Note the specified authentication server type must be enabled and properly configured for 802.1x to function properly. (Options: radius). * CLI only. Web – Select 802.1X, 802.1X Configuration. Enable dot1x globally for the switch, modify any of the parameters required, and then click Apply. CLI – This example enables re-authentication and sets all of the global parameters for dot1x. Console(config)#dot1x re-authentication Console(config)#dot1x max-req 5 Console(config)#dot1x timeout quiet-period 40 Console(config)#dot1x timeout re-auth 5 Console(config)#dot1x timeout tx-period 40 Console(config)#authentication dot1x default radius Console(config)# 4-64 4-63 4-64 4-65 4-65 4-62 Configuring Port Authorization Mode When dot1x is enabled, you need to specify the dot1x authentication mode configured for each port. Command Attributes • Status – Indicates if authentication is enabled or disabled on the port. • Mode – Sets the authentication mode to one of the following options: - Auto – Requires a dot1x-aware client to be authorized by the authentication server. Clients that are not dot1x-aware will be denied access. - Force-Authorized – Forces the port to grant access to all clients, either dot1x-aware or otherwise. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-37 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • - Force-Unauthorized – Forces the port to deny access to all clients, either dot1x-aware or otherwise. Authorized – • - Yes – Connected client is authorized. - No – Connected client is not authorized. - [Blank] – Displays nothing when 802.1x is disabled on a port. Supplicant – Indicates the MAC address of a connected client. • Trunk – Indicates if the port is configured as a trunk port. Web – Click 802.1X, 802.1X Port configuration. Select the authentication mode from the drop-down box and click Apply. CLI – This example sets the authentication mode to enable dot1x on port 2. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 Console(config-if)#dot1x port-control auto Console(config-if)# 4-109 4-63 Displaying 802.1x Statistics Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#port security action trap-and-shutdown Console(config-if)#port security Console(config-if)# 4-114 This switch can display statistics for dot1x protocol exchanges for any port. Statistical Values 3-38 Parameter Description Rx EXPOL Start The number of EAPOL Start frames that have been received by this Authenticator. Rx EAPOL Logoff The number of EAPOL Logoff frames that have been received by this Authenticator. Rx EAPOL Invalid The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this Authenticator in which the frame type is not recognized. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Parameter Description Rx EAPOL Total The number of valid EAPOL frames of any type that have been received by this Authenticator. Rx EAP Resp/Id The number of EAP Resp/Id frames that have been received by this Authenticator. Rx EAP Resp/Oth The number of valid EAP Response frames (other than Resp/Id frames) that have been received by this Authenticator. Rx EAP LenError The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this Authenticator in which the Packet Body Length field is invalid. Rx Last EAPOLVer The protocol version number carried in the most recently received EAPOL frame. Rx Last EAPOLSrc The source MAC address carried in the most recently received EAPOL frame. Tx EAPOL Total The number of EAPOL frames of any type that have been transmitted by this Authenticator. Tx EAP Req/Id The number of EAP Req/Id frames that have been transmitted by this Authenticator. Tx EAP Req/Oth The number of EAP Request frames (other than Rq/Id frames) that have been transmitted by this Authenticator. Web – Select dot1X, dot1X Statistics. Select the required port and then click Query. Click Refresh to update the statistics. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-39 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – This example displays the dot1x statistics for port 4. Console#show dot1x statistics interface ethernet 1/4 Eth 1/4 Rx: EXPOL Start 2 EAPOL Logoff 0 Last EAPOLVer 1 Last EAPOLSrc 00-00-E8-98-73-21 Tx: EAPOL Total 2017 Console# EAP Req/Id 1005 EAPOL Invalid 0 4-66 EAPOL EAP EAP EAP Total Resp/Id Resp/Oth LenError 1007 672 0 0 EAP Req/Oth 0 Access Control Lists Access Control Lists (ACL) provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, Layer 4 protocol port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). To filter incoming packets, first create an access list, add the required rules, specify a mask to modify the precedence in which the rules are checked, and then bind the list to a specific port. Configuring Access Control Lists An ACL is a sequential list of permit or deny conditions that apply to IP addresses, MAC addresses, or other more specific criteria. This switch tests ingress or egress packets against the conditions in an ACL one by one. A packet will be accepted as soon as it matches a permit rule, or dropped as soon as it matches a deny rule. If no rules match for a list of all permit rules, the packet is dropped; and if no rules match for a list of all deny rules, the packet is accepted. Command Usage The following restrictions apply to ACLs: • Each ACL can have up to 32 rules. • The maximum number of ACLs is also 32. • However, due to resource restrictions, the average number of rules bound to the ports should not exceed 20. • You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port or set the queue or frame priorities associated with the rule. • When an ACL is bound to an interface as an egress filter, all entries in the ACL must be deny rules. Otherwise, the bind operation will fail. • The switch does not support the explicit “deny any any” rule for the egress IP ACL or the egress MAC ACLs. If these rules are included in ACL, and you attempt to bind the ACL to an interface for egress checking, the bind operation will fail. The order in which active ACLs are checked is as follows: 1. User-defined rules in the Egress MAC ACL for egress ports. 2. User-defined rules in the Egress IP ACL for egress ports. 3-40 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch 3. User-defined rules in the Ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports. 4. User-defined rules in the Ingress IP ACL for ingress ports. 5. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress IP ACL for ingress ports. 6. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports. 7. If no explicit rule is matched, the implicit default is permit all. Setting the ACL Name and Type Use the ACL Configuration page to designate the name and type of an ACL. Command Attributes • Name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) • Type – There are three filtering modes: - Standard: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on the source IP address. - Extended: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on source or destination IP address, as well as protocol type and protocol port number. If the “TCP” protocol is specified, then you can also filter packets based on the TCP control code. - MAC: MAC ACL mode that filters packets based on the source or destination MAC address and the Ethernet frame type (RFC 1060). Web – Click Security, ACL, ACL Configuration. Enter an ACL name in the Name field, select the list type (IP Standard, IP Extended, or MAC), and click Add to open the configuration page for the new list. CLI – This example creates a standard IP ACL named bill. Console(config)#access-list ip standard bill Console(config-std-acl)# 4-70 Configuring a Standard IP ACL Command Attributes • Action – An ACL can contain permit rules, deny rules, or a combination of both. (Default: Permit rules) • May 2004 Address Type - Specifies the filter type - Any, Host, or IP. (Default: Any) © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-41 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • IP Address – Specifies the source IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any) • Subnet Mask – A subnet mask containing four integers from 0 to 255, each separated by a period. The mask uses 1 bits to indicate “match” and 0 bits to indicate “ignore.” The mask is bitwise ANDed with the specified source IP address, and compared with the address for each IP packet entering the port(s) to which this ACL has been assigned. Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the mask for an address range. Then click Add. CLI – This example configures one permit rule for the specific address 10.1.1.21 and another rule for the address range 168.92.16.x – 168.92.31.x using a bitmask. Console(config-std-acl)#permit host 10.1.1.21 Console(config-std-acl)#permit 168.92.16.0 255.255.240.0 Console(config-std-acl)# 4-70 Configuring an Extended IP ACL Command Attributes • Action – An ACL can contain permit rules, deny rules or a combination of both. (Default: Permit rules) 3-42 • Source Address Type – Specifies the filter type - Any, Host, or IP. (Default: Any) • Source/Destination IP – Specifies the source or destination IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any) • Source/Destination Subnet Mask – Subnet mask for source or destination address. (See the description for SubMask on page 33-41.) • Service Type – Packet priority settings based on the following criteria: • Precedence – IP precedence level. (Range: 0-7) • TOS – Type of Service level. (Range: 0-15) © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • DSCP – DSCP priority level. (Range: 0-64) • Protocol – Specifies the protocol type to match as TCP, UDP or Others, where others indicates a specific protocol number (0-255). (Options: TCP, UDP, Others; Default: TCP) • Source/Destination Port – Source/destination port number for the specified protocol type. (Range: 0-65535) • Source/Destination Port Bitmask – Decimal number representing the port bits to match. (Range: 0-65535) • Control Code – Decimal number (representing a bit string) that specifies flag bits in byte 14 of the TCP header. (Range: 0-63) • Control Code Bitmask – Decimal number representing the code bits to match. The control bitmask is a decimal number (for an equivalent binary bit mask) that is applied to the control code. Enter a decimal number, where the equivalent binary bit “1” means to match a bit and “0” means to ignore a bit. The following bits may be specified: - 1 (fin) – Finish 2 (syn) – Synchronize 4 (rst) – Reset 8 (psh) – Push 16 (ack) – Acknowledgement 32 (urg) – Urgent pointer For example, use the code value and mask below to catch packets with the following flags set: - SYN flag valid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 2 - Both SYN and ACK valid, use control-code 18, control bitmask 18 - SYN valid and ACK invalid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 18 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-43 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the mask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as service type, protocol type, or TCP control code. Then click Add. CLI – This example adds three rules: 1. Accept any incoming packets if the source address is in subnet 10.7.1.x. For example, if the rule is matched; i.e., the rule (10.7.1.0 & 255.255.255.0) equals the masked address (10.7.1.2 & 255.255.255.0), the packet passes through. 2. Allow TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 to any destination address when set for destination TCP port 80 (i.e., HTTP). 3. Permit all TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 with the TCP control code set to “SYN.” Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any 4-71 Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any dport 80 Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any tcp control-code 2 2 Console(config-std-acl)# Configuring a MAC ACL Command Attributes • Action – An ACL can contain permit rules, deny rules, or a combination of both. (Default: Permit rules) • 3-44 Source/Destination Address Type – Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to indicate a specific MAC address, or “MAC” to specify an address range with the Address and Bitmask fields. (Options: Any, Host, MAC; Default: Any) © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • Source/Destination MAC Address – Source or destination MAC address. • Source/Destination Bitmask – Hexidecimal mask for source or destination MAC address. • VID – VLAN ID. (Range: 1-4095) • VID Mask – VLAN bitmask. (Range: 1-4095) • Ethernet Type – This option can only be used to filter Ethernet II formatted packets. (Range: 600-fff hex.) A detailed listing of Ethernet protocol types can be found in RFC 1060. A few of the more common types include 0800 (IP), 0806 (ARP), 8137 (IPX). • Ethernet Type Bitmask – Protocol bitmask. (Range: 600-fff hex.) • Packet Format – This attribute includes the following packet types: - Any – Any Ethernet packet type. Untagged-eth2 – Untagged Ethernet II packets. Untagged-802.3 – Untagged Ethernet 802.3 packets. Tagged-eth2 – Tagged Ethernet II packets. Tagged-802.3 – Tagged Ethernet 802.3 packets. Command Usage • Egress MAC ACLs only work for destination-mac-known packets, not for multicast, broadcast, or destination-mac-unknown packets. Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or MAC). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address (e.g., 1122-33-44-55-66). If you select “MAC,” enter a base address and a hexidecimal bitmask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as VID, Ethernet type, or packet format. Then click Add. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-45 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – This rule permits packets from any source MAC address to the destination address 00-e0-2994-34-de where the Ethernet type is 0800. Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any host 00-e0-29-94-34-de ethertype 0800 Console(config-mac-acl)# 4-81 Configuring ACL Masks You can specify optional masks that control the order in which ACL rules are checked. The switch includes two system default masks that pass/filter packets matching the permit/deny rules specified in an ingress ACL. You can also configure up to seven user-defined masks for an ingress or egress ACL. A mask must be bound exclusively to one of the basic ACL types (i.e., Ingress IP ACL, Egress IP ACL, Ingress MAC ACL or Egress MAC ACL), but a mask can be bound to up to four ACLs of the same type. Command Usage • Up to seven entries can be assigned to an ACL mask. • Packets crossing a port are checked against all the rules in the ACL until a match is found. The order in which these packets are checked is determined by the mask, and not the order in which the ACL rules are entered. • First create the required ACLs and the ingress or egress masks before mapping an ACL to an interface. • You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port or set the queue or frame priorities associated with the rule. Specifying the Mask Type Use the ACL Mask Configuration page to edit the mask for the Ingress IP ACL, Egress IP ACL, Ingress MAC ACL or Egress MAC ACL. Web – Click Security, ACL, ACL Mask Configuration. Click Edit for one of the basic mask types to open the configuration page. 3-46 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – This example creates an IP ingress mask, and then adds two rules. Each rule is checked in order of precedence to look for a match in the ACL entries. The first entry matching a mask is applied to the inbound packet. Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask host any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask 255.255.255.0 any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)# 4-73 4-74 Configuring an IP ACL Mask This mask defines the fields to check in the IP header. Command Usage • Masks that include an entry for a Layer 4 protocol source port or destination port can only be applied to packets with a header length of exactly five bytes. Command Attributes • Source/Destination Address Type – Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to indicate a specific MAC address, or “MAC” to specify an address range with the Address and Bitmask fields. (Options: Any, Host, MAC; Default: Any) • Source/Destination Subnet Mask – Subnet mask for source or destination address. (See the description for SubMask on page 33-41.) • Protocol Mask – Check the protocol field. • Service Type Mask – Check the rule for the specified priority type. (Options: Precedence, TOS, DSCP; Default: TOS) • Source/Destination Port Bitmask – Protocol port of rule must match this bitmask. (Range: 0-65535) • Control Bitmask – Control flags of rule must match this bitmask. (Range: 0-63) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-47 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Configure the mask to match the required rules in the IP ingress or egress ACLs. Set the mask to check for any source or destination address, a specific host address, or an address range. Include other criteria to search for in the rules, such as a protocol type or one of the service types. Or use a bitmask to search for specific protocol port(s) or TCP control code(s). Then click Add. CLI – This shows that the entries in the mask override the precedence in which the rules are entered into the ACL. In the following example, packets with the source address 10.1.1.1 are dropped because the “deny 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255” rule has the higher precedence according the “mask host any” entry. Console(config)#access-list ip standard A2 Console(config-std-acl)#permit 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Console(config-std-acl)#deny 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 Console(config-std-acl)#exit Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask host any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask 255.255.255.0 any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)# 4-70 4-70 4-73 4-74 Configuring a MAC ACL Mask This mask defines the fields to check in the packet header. Command Usage You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port. Command Attributes • Source/Destination Address Type – Use “Any” to match any address, “Host” to specify the host address for a single node, or “MAC” to specify a range of addresses. (Options: Any, Host, MAC; Default: Any) 3-48 • Source/Destination Bitmask – Address of rule must match this bitmask. • VID Bitmask – VLAN ID of rule must match this bitmask. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • Ethernet Type Bitmask – Ethernet type of rule must match this bitmask. • Packet Format Bitmask – A packet format must be specified in the rule. Web – Configure the mask to match the required rules in the MAC ingress or egress ACLs. Set the mask to check for any source or destination address, a host address, or an address range. Use a bitmask to search for specific VLAN ID(s) or Ethernet type(s). Or check for rules where a packet format was specified. Then click Add. CLI – This example shows how to create an Ingress MAC ACL and bind it to a port. You can then see that the order of the rules have been changed by the mask. Console(config)#access-list mac M4 4-81 Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any any 4-81 Console(config-mac-acl)#deny tagged-eth2 00-11-11-11-11-11 ff-ff-ffff-ff-ff any vid 3 4-81 Console(config-mac-acl)#end Console#show access-list 4-90 MAC access-list M4: permit any any deny tagged-eth2 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any vid 3 Console(config)#access-list mac mask-precedence in 4-83 Console(config-mac-mask-acl)#mask pktformat ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff any 4-84 vid Console(config-mac-mask-acl)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/12 4-109 Console(config-if)#mac access-group M4 in 4-84 Console(config-if)#end Console#show access-list MAC access-list M4: deny tagged-eth2 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any vid 3 permit any any MAC ingress mask ACL: mask pktformat host any vid Console# Binding a Port to an Access Control List After configuring the Access Control Lists (ACL), you can bind the ports that need to filter traffic to the appropriate ACLs. You can only bind a port to one ACL for each basic type – IP ingress, IP egress, MAC ingress and MAC egress. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-49 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Usage • This switch supports ACLs for both ingress and egress filtering. However, you can only bind one IP ACL and one MAC ACL to any port for ingress filtering, and one IP ACL and one MAC ACL to any port for egress filtering. In other words, only four ACLs can be bound to an interface – Ingress IP ACL, Egress IP ACL, Ingress MAC ACL and Egress MAC ACL. • When an ACL is bound to an interface as an egress filter, all entries in the ACL must be deny rules. Otherwise, the bind operation will fail. • The switch does not support the explicit “deny any any” rule for the egress IP ACL or the egress MAC ACLs. If these rules are included in the ACL, and you attempt to bind the ACL to an interface for egress checking, the bind operation will fail. Command Attributes • Port – Fixed port or SFP module. (Range: 1-24) • IP – Specifies the IP ACL to bind to a port. • MAC – Specifies the MAC ACL to bind to a port. • IN – ACL for ingress packets. • OUT – ACL for egress packets. • ACL Name – Name of the ACL. Web – Click ACL, ACL Port Binding. Mark the Enable field for the port you want to bind to an ACL for ingress or egress traffic, select the required ACL from the drop-down list, then click Apply. CLI – This example assigns an IP and MAC ingress ACL to port 1, and an IP ingress ACL to port 2. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in Console(config-if)#mac access-group jerry in Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in Console(config-if)# 3-50 4-109 4-77 4-87 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access You can specify the client IP addresses that are allowed management access to the switch through the web interface, SNMP, or Telnet. Command Usage • The management interfaces are open to all IP addresses by default. Once you add an entry to a filter list, access to that interface is restricted to the specified addresses. • If anyone tries to access a management interface on the switch from an invalid address, the switch will reject the connection, enter an event message in the system log, and send a trap message to the trap manager. • IP addresses can be configured for SNMP, web and Telnet access respectively. Each of these groups can include up to five different sets of addresses, either individual addresses or address ranges. • When entering addresses for the same group (i.e., SNMP, web or Telnet), the switch will not accept overlapping address ranges. When entering addresses for different groups, the switch will accept overlapping address ranges. • You cannot delete an individual address from a specified range. You must delete the entire range, and reenter the addresses. • You can delete an address range just by specifying the start address, or by specifying both the start address and end address. Command Attributes • Web IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the web group. • SNMP IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the SNMP group. • Telnet IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the Telnet group. • IP Filter List – IP addresses that are allowed management access to this interface. • Start IP Address – A single IP address, or the starting address of a range. • End IP Address – The end address of a range. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-51 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Security, IP Filter. Enter the addresses that are allowed management access to an interface, and click Add IP Filtering Entry. CLI – This example restricts management access for Telnet and SNMP clients. Console(config)#management telnet-client 192.168.1.19 4-22 Console(config)#management telnet-client 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 Console(config)#management snmp-client 10.1.2.3 255.255.255.2554-22 Console(config)#end Console#sh management telnet-client 4-23 Management IP Filter TELNET-Client: Start IP address End IP address ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.19 192.168.1.19 2. 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 Console#sh management snmp-client 4-23 Management IP Filter SNMP-Client: Start IP address End IP address ----------------------------------------------1. 10.1.2.3 255.255.255.255 Console# Port Configuration Displaying Connection Status You can use the Port Information or Trunk Information pages to display the current connection status, including link state, speed/duplex mode, flow control, and auto-negotiation. Command Attributes • Name – Interface label. 3-52 • Type – Indicates the of port type (100Base-TX, 1000Base-TX or 1000Base-SFP). • Admin Status – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled. • Oper Status – Indicates if the link is Up or Down. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • Speed/Duplex Status – Shows the current speed and duplex mode. • Flow Control Status – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use. • Autonegotiation – Shows if auto-negotiation is enabled or disabled. • Trunk Member – Shows if port is a trunk member. (Port Information only.) • Creation – Shows if a trunk is manually configured or dynamically set via LACP. (Trunk Information only.) Web – Click Port, Port Information or Trunk Information. Modify the required interface settings, and click Apply. CLI – This example shows the connection status for Port 13. Console#show interfaces status ethernet 1/13 4-117 Information of Eth 1/13 Basic information: Port type: 1000T Mac address: 00-04-80-BD-47-4E Configuration: Name: Port admin: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full, Broadcast storm: Enabled Broadcast storm limit: 500 packets/second Flow control: Disabled Lacp: Disabled Port security: Disabled Max MAC count: 0 Port security action: None Combo forced mode: None Current status: Link status: Down Operation speed-duplex: 1000full Flow control type: None Console# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-53 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Configuring Interface Connections You can use the Trunk Configuration or Port Configuration page to enable/disable an interface, manually fix the speed and duplex mode, set flow control, set auto-negotiation, and set the interface capabilities to advertise. Command Attributes • Name – Allows you to label an interface. (Range: 1-64 characters) • Admin – Allows you to manually disable an interface. You can disable an interface due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then reenable it after the problem has been resolved. You may also disable an interface for security reasons. • Speed/Duplex – Allows manual selection of port speed and duplex mode (i.e., with autonegotiation disabled). • Flow Control – Allows automatic or manual selection of flow control. • Autonegotiation/Port Capabilities – Allows auto-negotiation to be enabled/disabled. Specifies the capabilities to be advertised for a port during auto-negotiation. The following capabilities are supported. - 10half - Supports 10 Mbps half-duplex operation 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation 1000full - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation Sym (Gigabit only) - Check this item to transmit and receive pause frames, or clear it to autonegotiate the sender and receiver for asymmetric pause frames. (The current switch chip only supports symmetric pause frames.) - FC - Supports flow control Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled, back pressure is used for half-duplex operation and IEEE 802.3x for full-duplex operation. (Avoid using flow control on a port connected to a hub unless it is actually required to solve a problem. Otherwise back pressure jamming signals may degrade overall performance for the segment attached to the hub.) Default: Auto-negotiation enabled; Advertised capabilities for 100BASE-TX – 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full; 1000BASE-T – 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full; 1000BASE-SX/LX/LH – 1000full) Note: Due to a hardware limitation, flow control only works on those ports located in the same chip (ports 1-24, 49 and ports 25-48, 50). Cross-chip flow control does not work. 3-54 • Forced Mode – Indicates if a port or trunk has been set to forced mode. • Trunk – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk. To create trunks and select port members, see “Multicast Configuration” on page 3-114. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Note: Auto-negotiation must be disabled before you can configure or force the interface to use the Speed/Duplex Mode or Flow Control options. Web – Click Port, Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration. Modify the required interface settings, and click Apply. CLI – Select the interface, and then enter the required settings. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/13 Console(config-if)#description RD SW#13 Console(config-if)#shutdown . Console(config-if)#no shutdown Console(config-if)#no negotiation Console(config-if)#speed-duplex 100half Console(config-if)#flowcontrol . Console(config-if)#negotiation Console(config-if)#capabilities 100half Console(config-if)#capabilities 100full Console(config-if)#capabilities flowcontrol 4-109 4-109 4-113 4-110 4-110 4-112 4-111 Statically Configuring a Trunk Command Usage When configuring static trunks, you may not be able to link switches of different types, depending on the manufacturer’s implementation. Static trunks have to be manually configured at both ends of the link. • May 2004 To avoid creating a loop in the network, be sure you add a static trunk via the configuration interface before connecting the ports, and also disconnect the ports before removing a static trunk via the configuration interface. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-55 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Port, Trunk Membership. Enter a trunk ID of 1-6 in the Trunk field, select any of the switch ports from the scroll-down port list, and click Add. After you have completed adding ports to the member list, click Apply Dynamically Configuring a Trunk Ports can be combined into an aggregate link to increase the bandwidth of a network connection where bottlenecks exist or to ensure fault recovery. You can create up to six trunks at a time, with any single trunk containing up to four ports. Model Name Trunk Load Balance Selection Criterion EIF 2402CF, EIF 4802CF L2 Src and Dst MAC address EIF 24G L2 Src MAC, L2 Dst MAC, L2 ether type, L2 vlan ID, IP multicast Src MAC, IP multicast Dst MAC EIF 24G-A, EIF-48G L2 Src and Dst MAC address Command Usage Besides balancing the load across each port in the trunk, the other ports provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk fails. However, before making any physical connections between devices, use the Web interface or CLI to specify the trunk on the devices at both ends. When using a port trunk, take note of the following points: 3-56 • Finish configuring port trunks before you connect the corresponding network cables between switches to avoid creating a loop. • The maximum number of ports that can be combined as a static trunk: • - EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF: Four 10/100 Mbps ports, and two 1000 Mbps ports. (Total: 6 ports) - EdgeIron 24G-A, 24G, 48G: Six 1000 Mbps ports. The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. • Static trunkshave to be manually configured at both ends of the link • The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including communication mode (i.e., speed, duplex mode and flow control), VLAN assignments, and CoS settings. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • All ports on both ends of an LACP trunk must be configured for full duplex, either by forced mode or auto-negotiation. • All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from/to, added or deleted from a VLAN. • STP, VLAN, and IGMP settings can only be made for the entire trunk. Enabling LACP on Selected Ports Command Usage To avoid creating a loop in the network, be sure you enable LACP before connecting the ports, and also disconnect the ports before disabling LACP. If the target switch has also enabled LACP on th connected ports, the trunk will be activate automatically. A trunk formed with another switch using LACP will automatically be assigned the next available trunk ID. If more than four ports attached to the same targe switch have LACP enabled, the additional ports will be placed in standby mode, and will only be enabled if one of the active links fails. All ports on both ends of an LACP trunk must be configured for full duplex, either by forced mode or auto-negotiation. Web – Click Port, LACP, Configuration. Select any of the switch ports from the scroll-down port list and click Add. After you have completed adding ports to the member list, click Apply. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-57 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – The following example enables LACP for ports 1 to 6. Just connect these ports to LACPenabled trunk ports on another switch to form a trunk. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-109 Console(config-if)#lacp 4-178 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/6 Console(config-if)#lacp Console(config-if)#end Console#show interfaces status port-channel 1 4-117 Information of Trunk Basic information: Port type: 1000T Mac address: 22-22-22-22-22-2d Configuration: Name: Port admin status: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full, Flow control status: Disabled Port security: Disabled Max MAC count: 0 Port security action: None Combo forced mode: None Current status: Created by: Lacp Link status: Up Port operation status: Up Operation speed-duplex: 1000full Flow control type: None Member Ports: Eth1/1, Eth1/2, Eth1/3, Eth1/4, Eth1/5, Eth1/6, Console# Configuring LACP Parameters Dynamically Creating a Port Channel Ports assigned to a common port channel must meet the following criteria: • Ports must have the same LACP System Priority. • Ports must have the same LACP port Admin Key. • However, if the “port channel” Admin Key is set (page 4-142), then the port Admin Key must be set to the same value for a port to be allowed to join a channel group. Note: If the port channel admin key (lacp admin key, page 44-181) is not set (through the CLI) when a channel group is formed (i.e., it has a null value of 0), this key is set to the same value as the port admin key used by the interfaces that joined the group (lacp admin key, as described in this section and on page 44-181). Note: The maximum number of ports in a trunk is 8, and the maximum number of trunk groups is 12. There is no limitation on the number of LACP members. 3-58 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Command Attributes Set Port Actor – This menu sets the local side of an aggregate link; i.e., the ports on this switch. • Port – Port number. (Range: 1-24) • System Priority – LACP system priority is used to determine link aggregation group (LAG) membership, and to identify this device to other switches during LAG negotiations. (Range: 065535; Default: 32768) • • - Ports must be configured with the same system priority to join the same LAG. - System priority is combined with the switch’s MAC address to form the LAG identifier. This identifier is used to indicate a specific LAG during LACP negotiations with other systems. Admin Key – The LACP administration key must be set to the same value for ports that belong to the same LAG. (Range: 0-65535; Default: 0) Port Priority – If a link goes down, LACP port priority is used to select a backup link. (Range: 065535; Default: 32768) Set Port Partner – This menu sets the remote side of an aggregate link; i.e., the ports on the attached device. The command attributes have the same meaning as those used for the port actor. However, configuring LACP settings for the partner only applies to its administrative state, not its operational state, and will only take effect the next time an aggregate link is established with the partner. Web – Click Port, LACP, Aggregation Port. Set the System Priority, Admin Key, and Port Priority for the Port Actor. You can optionally configure these settings for the Port Partner. (Be aware that these settings only affect the administrative state of the partner, and will not take effect until the next time an aggregate link is formed with this device.) After you have completed setting the port LACP parameters, click Apply. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-59 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – The following example configures LACP parameters for ports 1-6. Ports 1-4 are used as active members of the LAG; ports 5 and 6 are set to backup mode. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-109 Console(config-if)#lacp actor system-priority 3 4-178 Console(config-if)#lacp actor admin-key 120 4-180 Console(config-if)#lacp actor port-priority 128 4-181 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/6 Console(config-if)#lacp actor system-priority 3 Console(config-if)#lacp actor admin-key 120 Console(config-if)#lacp actor port-priority 512 Console(config-if)#end Console#sh lacp sysid 4-182 Channel Group System Priority System MAC Address ------------------------------------------------------------------1 32768 00-00-E9-31-31-31 2 32768 00-00-E9-31-31-31 3 32768 00-00-E9-31-31-31 4 32768 00-00-E9-31-31-31 5 32768 00-00-E9-31-31-31 6 32768 00-00-E9-31-31-31 Console#show lacp 1 internal 4-182 Channel group : 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------Oper Key : 120 Admin Key : 120 Console# Displaying LACP Port Counters You can display statistics for LACP protocol messages. Counter Information 3-60 Parameter Description LACPDUs Sent Number of valid LACPDUs transmitted from this channel group. LACPDUs Received Number of valid LACPDUs received on this channel group. Marker Sent Number of valid Marker PDUs transmitted from this channel group. Marker Received Number of valid Marker PDUs received by this channel group. LACPDUs Unknown Pkts Number of frames received that either (1) Carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet Type value, but contain an unknown PDU, or (2) are addressed to the Slow Protocols group MAC Address, but do not carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet Type. LACPDUs Illegal Pkts Number of frames that carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet Type value, but contain a badly formed PDU or an illegal value of Protocol Subtype. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click Port, LACP, Port Counters Information. Select a member port to display the corresponding information. CLI – The following example displays LACP counters for port channel 1. Console#show 1 lacp counters 4-182 Channel group : 1 ------------------------------------------------Eth 1/ 1 ----------------------------------------------------------LACPDUs Sent : 21 LACPDUs Received : 21 Marker Sent : 0 Marker Received : 0 LACPDUs Unknown Pkts : 0 LACPDUs Illegal Pkts : 0 . . . Console# Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Local Side You can display configuration settings and the operational state for the local side of an link aggregation. Internal Configuration Information Parameter Description Oper Key Current operational value of the key for the aggregation port. Admin Key Current administrative value of the key for the aggregation port. LACPDUs Internal Number of seconds before invalidating received LACPDU information. LACP System Priority LACP system priority assigned to this port channel. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-61 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Parameter Description LACP Port Priority LACP port priority assigned to this interface within the channel group. Admin State, Administrative or operational values of the actor’s state parameters: Oper State Expired – The actor’s receive machine is in the expired state; Defaulted – The actor’s receive machine is using defaulted operational partner information, administratively configured for the partner. Distributing – If false, distribution of outgoing frames on this link is disabled; i.e., distribution is currently disabled and is not expected to be enabled in the absence of administrative changes or changes in received protocol information. Collecting – Collection of incoming frames on this link is enabled; i.e., collection is currently enabled and is not expected to be disabled in the absence of administrative changes or changes in received protocol information. Synchronization – The System considers this link to be IN_SYNC; i.e., it has been allocated to the correct Link Aggregation Group, the group has been associated with a compatible Aggregator, and the identity of the Link Aggregation Group is consistent with the System ID and operational Key information transmitted. Aggregation – The system considers this link to be aggregatable; i.e., a potential candidate for aggregation. Long timeout – Periodic transmission of LACPDUs uses a slow transmission rate. LACP-Activity – Activity control value with regard to this link. (0: Passive; 1: Active) Web – Click Port, LACP, Port Internal Information. Select a port channel to display the corresponding information. 3-62 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – The following example displays the LACP configuration settings and operational state for the local side of port channel 1. Console#show 1 lacp internal 4-182 Channel group : 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------Oper Key : 4 Admin Key : 0 Eth 1/1 ------------------------------------------------------------------LACPDUs Internal : 30 sec LACP System Priority : 32768 LACP Port Priority : 32768 Admin Key : 4 Oper Key : 4 Admin State : defaulted, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity Oper State : distributing, collecting, synchronization, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity . . . Console# Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Remote Side You can display configuration settings and the operational state for the remote side of an link aggregation. Neighbor Configuration Information Parameter Description Partner Admin System ID LAG partner’s system ID assigned by the user. Partner Oper System ID LAG partner’s system ID assigned by the LACP protocol. Partner Admin Port Number Current administrative value of the port number for the protocol Partner. Partner Oper Port Number Operational port number assigned to this aggregation port by the port’s protocol partner. Port Admin Priority Current administrative value of the port priority for the protocol partner. Port Oper Priority Priority value assigned to this aggregation port by the partner. Admin Key Current administrative value of the Key for the protocol partner. Oper Key Current operational value of the Key for the protocol partner. Admin State Administrative values of the partner’s state parameters. (See preceding table.) Oper State Operational values of the partner’s state parameters. (See preceding table.) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-63 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Port, LACP, Port Neighbors Information. Select a port channel to display the corresponding information. CLI – The following example displays the LACP configuration settings and operational state for the remote side of port channel 1. Console#show 1 lacp neighbors 4-182 Channel group 1 neighbors ------------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/1 ------------------------------------------------------------------Partner Admin System ID : 32768, 00-00-00-00-00-00 Partner Oper System ID : 32768, 00-00-00-00-00-01 Partner Admin Port Number : 1 Partner Oper Port Number : 1 Port Admin Priority : 32768 Port Oper Priority : 32768 Admin Key : 0 Oper Key : 4 Admin State : defaulted, distributing, collecting, synchronization, long timeout, Oper State : distributing, collecting, synchronization, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity . . . Console# Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds Broadcast storms may occur when a device on your network is malfunctioning, or if application programs are not well designed or properly configured. If there is too much broadcast traffic on your network, performance can be severely degraded or everything can come to complete halt. You can protect your network from broadcast storms by setting a threshold for broadcast traffic for each port. Any broadcast packets exceeding the specified threshold will then be dropped. 3-64 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Command Usage • Broadcast Control is enabled by default. • The default threshold is: EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF, 24G-A, 48G - 500 packets per second EdgeIron 24G - 256 packets per second • Broadcast Control does not affect IP multicast traffic. • EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF, and 24G: The specified threshold applies to all ports on the switch. • EdgeIron 24G-A and 48G: The specified threshold is set on a per port basis. Command Attributes • Port – Specifies a port. • Type – Indicates the port type. • Protect Status – Shows whether or not broadcast storm control has been enabled. (Default: Enabled) • Threshold – Threshold as percentage of port bandwidth. • - EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF, 24G-A and 48G – Range: 500-262143 packets per second; Default: 500 packets per second - EdgeIron 24G – Range: 16, 64, 128, or 256 packets per second; Default: 256 packets per second Trunk – Indicates if the port is a member of a trunk. Web – Click Port, Port Broadcast Control. Set the threshold for all ports, and then click Apply. CLI – Specify the required interface, and then enter the threshold. The following sets broadcast suppression at 600 packets per second on port 1. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport broadcast packet-rate 600 Console(config-if)# May 2004 4-109 4-114 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-65 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Configuring Port Mirroring You can mirror traffic from any source port to a target port for real-time analysis. You can then attach a logic analyzer or RMON probe to the target port and study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner. Command Usage • The source port and target port speeds must match, otherwise traffic may be dropped from the source port. • The EdgeIron 2402CF and 4802CF have this restriction: - All mirror sessions have to share the same target port. • The EdgeIron 24G-A, 24G and 48G have these restrictions: - The switch supports only one port mirror session. - The source and target port have to be either both in the port group of 1 to 12 or both in the port group of 13 to 24; or in the case of the 48G - group 25 to 36 and group 37 to 48 as well. Command Attributes • Mirror Sessions – Displays a list of current mirror sessions. • Source Port – The port whose traffic will be monitored. • Type – Allows you to select the type of traffic to mirror to the target port, Rx (receive), Tx (transmit), or Both. • Target Port – The port that will “duplicate” or “mirror” the traffic on the source port. Web – Click Port, Mirror. Specify the source port, the traffic type to be mirrored, and the target port, then click Add. CLI – Use the interface command to select the target port, then use the port monitor command to specify the source port. Note that default mirroring under the CLI is for both received and transmitted packets. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/10 Console(config-if)#port monitor ethernet 1/11 Console(config-if)# 3-66 4-109 4-175 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Configuring Rate Limits This function allows the network manager to control the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped. Rate limiting can be applied to individual ports or trunks. When an interface is configured with this feature, the traffic rate will be monitored by the hardware to verify conformity. Non-conforming traffic is dropped, conforming traffic is forwarded without any changes. Command Usage • The rate-limit range is: - Fast Ethernet interface – 1 to 100 Mbps - Gigabit Ethernet interface – 8 to 1000 Mbps • The rate-limit resolution – The increment of change: - Fast Ethernet interface – 1 Mbps - Gigabit Ethernet interface – 8 Mbps Note: The egress rate limit for the Gigabit uplink ports cannot be changed from the enable state to the disable state. Command Attribute • Rate Limit – Sets the input or output rate limit for an interface. - Default Status – Disabled - Default Rate – Fast Ethernet: 100 Mbps, Gigabit Ethernet: 1000 Mbps May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-67 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Rate Limit, Input/Output Rate Limit Port/Trunk Configuration. Set the Input/Output Rate Limit Status for selected interfaces, then set the rate limit and click Apply. CLI - This example sets the rate limit for input and output traffic passing through port 1 to 60 Mbps. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#rate-limit input 60 Console(config-if)#rate-limit output 60 Console(config-if)# 3-68 4-109 4-186 4-186 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Address Table Settings Switches store the addresses for all known devices. This information is used to route traffic directly between the inbound and outbound ports. All the addresses learned by monitoring traffic are stored in the dynamic address table. You can also manually configure static addresses that are bound to a specific port. Setting Static Addresses A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved. When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and will not be written to the address table. Command Usage Entries specified via both the Web interface and the CLI can be made permanent or can be set to be deleted on reset. Command Attributes • Static Address Counts* – The number of manually configured addresses. • Current Static Address Table – Lists all the static addresses. • Interface – Port or trunk associated with the device assigned a static address. • MAC Address – Physical address of a device mapped to this interface. • VLAN – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094). *Web Only Web – Click Address Table, Static Addresses. Specify the interface, the MAC address and VLAN, then click Add Static Address. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-69 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – This example adds an address to the static address table, but sets it to be deleted when the switch is reset. Console(config)#mac-address-table static 00-e0-29-94-34-de interface ethernet 1/1 vlan 1 delete-on-reset 4-121 Console(config)# Displaying the Address Table The Dynamic Address Table contains the MAC addresses learned by monitoring the source address for traffic entering the switch. When the destination address for inbound traffic is found in the database, the packets intended for that address is forwarded directly to the associated port. Otherwise, the traffic is flooded to all ports. Command Usage • You can display entries in the dynamic address table by selecting an interface (either port or trunk), MAC address, or VLAN. • You can sort the information displayed based on interface (port or trunk), MAC address, or VLAN. Command Attributes • Interface – Indicates a port or trunk. 3-70 • MAC Address – Physical address associated with this interface. • VLAN – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094). • Address Table Sort Key – You can sort the information displayed based on interface (port or trunk) or MAC address. • Dynamic Address Counts – The number of addresses dynamically learned. • Current Dynamic Address Table – Lists all the dynamic addresses. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click Address Table, Dynamic Addresses. Specify the search type (i.e., Interface, MAC Address, or VLAN), the method of sorting the displayed addresses, then click Query. For example, the following screen shows the dynamic addresses for port 5. CLI – This example displays the address table entries for port 11. Console#show mac-address-table interface ethernet 1/11 Interface Mac Address Vlan Type --------- -------------------- ----------------Eth 1/11 00-10-b5-62-03-74 1 Learned Console# 4-122 Changing the Aging Time You can set the aging time for entries in the dynamic address table. Command Usage • EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF, 48G and 24G-A: The range for the aging time is 10 - 1000000 seconds. (The default is 300 seconds.) • EdgeIron 24G: The range for the aging time is 17 - 2184 seconds. (The default is 300 seconds.) Command Attributes • Aging Status – Enables or disables the aging time. • May 2004 Aging Time – The time after which a learned entry is discarded. (Range: 10-1000000 seconds; Default: 300 seconds) © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-71 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Address Table, Address Aging. Check "Aging Status", specify the new aging time, then click Apply. CLI – This example sets the aging time to 400 seconds. Console(config)#mac-address-table aging-time 400 Console(config)# 4-123 Spanning Tree Protocol The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links between switches, bridges or routers. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (i.e., an STP-compliant switch, bridge or router) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network, and provide backup links that automatically take over when a primary link goes down. The Spanning Tree Protocols supported by the switch include the following standards: • STP – Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D). • RSTP – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w). • Per VLAN STP – Foundry Per VLAN spanning tree backward compatible STP uses a distributed algorithm to select a bridging device (STP-compliant switch, bridge or router) that serves as the root of the spanning tree network. It selects a root port on each bridging device (except for the root device) that incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that device to the root device. Then it selects a designated bridging device from each LAN that incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that LAN to the root device. All ports connected to designated bridging devices are assigned as designated ports. After determining the lowest cost spanning tree, it enables all root ports and designated ports, and disables all other ports. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between root ports and designated ports, eliminating any possible network loops. Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the Root Bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval (Maximum Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the Root Bridge is down. This bridge will then initiate negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to reestablish a valid network topology. 3-72 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch RSTP is designed as a general replacement for the slower, legacy STP. RSTP achieves much faster reconfiguration (around one tenth of that required by STP) by reducing the number of state changes before active ports start learning, predefining an alternate route that can be used when a node or port fails, and retaining the forwarding database for ports insensitive to changes in the tree structure when reconfiguration occurs. Enabling a Single Instance of STP per VLAN on an EdgeIron When you create a port-based VLAN on a Foundry Layer 2 Switch, a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) instance is automatically created for the VLAN. In addition, the default VLAN has its own instance of STP. (Refer to the "Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol" chapter in the Foundry Switch and Router Installation and Basic Configuration Guide.) A VLAN with its own STP instance ensures that it is isolated from STP problems that may occur in other VLANs. The following figure shows VLANs 10 and 20 configured on an EdgeIron and a BigIron. Any STP activity caused by network problems that occur in VLAN 10 will never be propogated in VLAN 20. BigIron EdgeIron VLAN 10 (tagged) VLAN 20 (tagged) VLAN 10 (untagged) May 2004 VLAN 20 (untagged) VLAN 20 (untagged) © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. VLAN 10 (untagged) 3-73 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide To display VLAN settings and configure a VLAN with an STP instance on the EdgeIron 24G-A, enter the following commands: Console#show vlan VLAN Type Name Status Ports/Channel groups ---- ------- ---------------- --------- ---------------------------------------1 Static Active Eth1/ 1 Eth1/ 4 Eth1/ 5 Eth1/ 6 Eth1/ 7 Eth1/ 8 Eth1/ 9 Eth1/10 Eth1/11 Eth1/12 Eth1/13 Eth1/14 Eth1/15 Eth1/16 Eth1/17 Eth1/18 Eth1/19 Eth1/20 Eth1/21 Eth1/22 Eth1/23 Eth1/24 Eth1/25 Eth1/26 2 Static Active Console#configure terminal Console(config)#vlan 10 Console(config-vlan-10)#tagged ethernet 1/2 Console(config-vlan-10)#tagged ethernet 1/3 Console(config-vlan-10)#untag ethernet to 1/4 Console(config-vlan-10)#exit Console(config)#vlan 20 Console(config-vlan-10)#tagged ethernet 1/2 Console(config-vlan-10)#tagged ethernet 1/3 Console(config-vlan-20)#untag ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#spanning-tree mst configuration Console(config-mstp)#mst 10 priority 40960 Console(config-mstp)#mst 20 priority 4096 Console(config-mstp)#exit Console(config)#exit The example above allows EdgeIron to have a distinct STP for VLAN 10 and one for VLAN 20. Note: Make sure that only one VLAN is assigned to an STP instance on the EdgeIron, otherwise, it will not work. On the BigIron Layer 2 Switch, create VLANs with the same VLAN IDs as those on the EdgeIron device as follows. BigIron(config)#vlan 10 BigIron(config-vlan-10)#tagged ethernet 2/10 BigIron(config-vlan-10)#untag ethernet 3/5 BigIron(config-vlan-10)#exit BigIron(config)#vlan 20 BigIron(config-vlan-20)#tagged ethernet 2/10 BigIron(config-vlan-20)#untagged ethernet 3/8 BigIron(config-vlan-20)#exit BigIron(config)# STP Information The Spanning Tree, STP Information page contains information on the current status of the spanning tree. Command Attributes • Spanning Tree State – Indicates if the Spanning Tree Protocol is currently enabled on the switch. 3-74 • Bridge ID – Identifies a unique identifier for the switch in the spanning tree. The ID is calculated using the defined spanning tree priority of the switch and its MAC address. The lower the Bridge ID, the more likely the switch will act as the root. • Max Age – The maximum time (in seconds) the switch can wait without receiving a configuration © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. If the root port ages out STP information (provided in the last configuration message), a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network. (References to “ports” in this section means “interfaces,” which includes both ports and trunks.) • Hello Time – Specifies the time interval (in seconds) at which the root device transmits a configuration message. • Forward Delay – The maximum time (in seconds) the switch will wait before changing states (i.e., discarding to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a discarding state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. • Designated Root – Identifies the priority and MAC address of the device in the spanning tree that the switch has accepted as the root device. • Root Port – Specifies the port number on the switch that is closest to the root. The switch communicates with the root device through this port. If there is no root port, the switch has been accepted as the root device of the spanning tree network. • Root Path Cost – Identifies the path cost from the root port on the switch to the root device. • Root Hello Time* – Interval (in seconds) at which this device transmits a configuration message. • Root Maximum Age* – The maximum time (in seconds) this device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. If the root port ages out STP information (provided in the last configuration message), a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network.(References to “ports” in this section means “interfaces,” which includes both ports and trunks.) • Root Forward Delay* – The maximum time (in seconds) this device will wait before changing states (i.e., discarding to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a discarding state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. • Configuration Changes – Specifies the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured. • Last Topology Change – Identifies the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured. * CLI Only Note: The term STP has been substituted by the term STA in the web screen interface. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-75 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Spanning Tree, STP Information to display current spanning tree information. CLI – This example shows the current spanning tree settings. Console#show spanning-tree 4-137 Spanning-tree information --------------------------------------------------------------Spanning tree mode :RSTP Spanning tree enable/disable :enable Priority :32768 Bridge Hello Time (sec.) :2 Bridge Max Age (sec.) :20 Bridge Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Root Hello Time (sec.) :2 Root Max Age (sec.) :20 Root Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Designated Root :32768.000011112222 Current root port :0 Current root cost :0 Number of topology changes :1 Last topology changes time (sec.):10811 Transmission limit :3 Path Cost Method :long --------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/ 1 information --------------------------------------------------------------Admin status : enable Role : disable State : discarding Path cost : 10000 Priority : 128 Designated cost : 0 Designated port : 128.1 Designated root : 32768.000011112222 Designated bridge : 32768.000011112222 Fast forwarding : disable Forward transitions : 0 Admin edge port : disable Oper edge port : disable Admin Link type : auto Oper Link type : point-to-point Eth 1/ 2 information --------------------------------------------------------------Admin status : enable Role : disable State : discarding Path cost : 10000 . . Console# 3-76 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch STP Configuration Global settings apply to the entire switch. Command Usage The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) supports connections to either STP or RSTP nodes by monitoring the incoming protocol messages and dynamically adjusting the type of protocol messages the RSTP node transmits, as described below: • STP Mode – If the switch receives an 802.1D BPDU (i.e., STP BPDU) after a port’s migration delay timer expires, the switch assumes it is connected to an 802.1D bridge and starts using only 802.1D BPDUs. • RSTP Mode – If RSTP is using 802.1D BPDUs on a port and receives an RSTP BPDU after the migration delay expires, RSTP restarts the migration delay timer and begins using RSTP BPDUs on that port. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-77 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Note: The spanning-tree mode command has been removed and replaced by RSTP mode for the global spanning tree and PVST-compliant mode for each VLAN. If the switch detects a device running STP it will automatically downgrade to STP. Presently the firmware does not support MSTP. Command Attributes • Bridge ID – A unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of the bridge priority and MAC address (where the address is taken from the switch system). • Spanning Tree State – Enables or disables the spanning tree. If you enable the spanning tree, you must complete the other fields. (Default: enabled) • Spanning Tree Type – Specifies the type of Spanning Tree Protocol used on the switch: (Default: RSTP) • STP: (IEEE 802.1D; i.e., when this option is selected, the switch will use RSTP set to STP forced-compatibility mode). When operating multiple VLANs, we recommend selecting the MSTP option. • RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w) Note: A Spanning Tree instance can exist only on bridges that have compatible VLAN instance assignments. Note: Be careful when switching between Spanning Tree modes. Changing modes stops all Spanning Tree instances for the previous mode and restarts the system in the new mode, temporarily disrupting user traffic. • • Priority – Bridge priority is used in selecting the root device, root port, and designated port. The device with the highest priority becomes the STP root device. However, if all devices have the same priority, the device with the lowest MAC address will then become the root device. - Default: 32768 - Range: 0-61440, in steps of 4096 - Options: 0, 4096, 8192, 12288, 16384, 20480, 24576, 28672, 32768, 36864, 40960, 45056, 49152, 53248, 57344, 61440 Hello Time – Interval (in seconds) at which the switch transmits a configuration message. - Default: 2 - Minimum: 1 - Maximum: The lower of 10 or [(Max. Message Age / 2) -1] 3-78 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • • • • • • May 2004 Maximum Age – The maximum time (in seconds) the switch can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information (provided in the last configuration message) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network. (References to “ports” in this section means “interfaces,” which includes both ports and trunks.) - Default: 20 - Minimum: The higher of 6 or [2 x (Hello Time + 1)]. - Maximum: The lower of 40 or [2 x (Forward Delay - 1)] Forward Delay – The maximum time (in seconds) the switch will wait before changing states (i.e., discarding to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a discarding state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. - Default: 15 - Minimum: The higher of 4 or [(Max. Message Age / 2) + 1] - Maximum: 30 Max Instance Numbers — The maximum number of MSTP instances to which the switch can be assigned. (Default: 65) Path Cost Method – The path cost is used to determine the best path between devices. The path cost method is used to determine the range of values that can be assigned to each interface. - Long: Specifies 32-bit based values that range from 1-200,000,000. - Short: Specifies 16-bit based values that range from 1-65535. (This is the default.) Transmission Limit – The maximum transmission rate for BPDUs is specified by setting the minimum interval between the transmission of consecutive protocol messages. (Range: 1-10; Default: 3) Max Hop Counts — The maximum number of hops allowed in this MSTI region before a BPDU is discarded. (Range: 1-40; Default: 20) © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-79 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Spanning Tree, STP Configuration. Modify the required attributes, then click Apply. CLI – This example enables Spanning Tree Protocol, and then sets the indicated attributes. Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config-mstp)#name r&d Console(config-mstp)#revision Console(config-mstp)#max-hops Console(config-mstp)# 3-80 mode rstp forward-time 15 hello-time 2 max-age 20 priority 40000 pathcost method long transmission-limit 5 mst-configuration 1 30 4-125 4-125 4-126 4-126 4-127 4-127 4-128 4-128 4-129 4-131 4-132 4-132 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch STP Port and Trunk Information The Spanning Tree/STP Port Information and STP Trunk Information display the current status of ports and trunks in the spanning tree. Command Attributes • STP Status – Displays current state of this port within the spanning tree: - Discarding – Port receives STP configuration messages, but does not forward packets. - Learning – Port has transmitted configuration messages for an interval set by the Forward Delay parameter without receiving contradictory information. Port address table is cleared, and the port begins learning addresses. - Forwarding – Port forwards packets, and continues learning addresses. The rules defining port status are: • - A port on a network segment with no other STP-compliant bridging device is always forwarding. - If two ports on a switch are connected to the same segment and there is no other STP device attached to this segment, the port with the smaller ID forwards packets and the other is discarding. - All ports are discarding when the switch is booted, then some of them change state to learning, and then to forwarding. Forward Transitions – The number of times this port has transitioned from the Learning state to the Forwarding state. • Designated Cost – The cost for a packet to travel from this port to the root in the current spanning tree configuration. The slower the media, the higher the cost. • Designated Bridge – The priority and MAC address of the device through which this port must communicate to reach the root of the spanning tree. • Designated Port – The priority and number of the port on the designated bridging device through which this switch must communicate with the root of the spanning tree. • Oper Link Type – The operational point-to-point status of the LAN segment attached to this interface. This parameter is determined by manual configuration or by auto-detection, as described for “Admin Link Type” in the STP Port/Trunk Configuration page. • Oper Edge Port – This parameter is initialized to the setting for “Admin Edge Port” in the STP Port/Trunk Configuration page (i.e., true or false), but will be set to false if a BPDU is received, indicating that another bridge is attached to this port. • Port Role – Roles are assigned according to whether the port is part of the active spanning tree topology: • May 2004 - Root: The port is connecting the bridge to the root bridge. - Designated: The port is connecting a LAN through the bridge to the root bridge. - Alternate or Backup: A port that may provide connectivity if other bridges, bridge ports, or LANs fail or are removed. - Disabled: The role is set to disabled if a port has no role within the spanning tree. Trunk Member – Indicates whether the port is configured as a trunk member. (STP Port Information page only.) © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-81 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide These additional parameters are only displayed in the CLI: • Admin status – Shows if STP has been enabled on this interface. • Path Cost – This parameter is used by the STP to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to ports attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to ports with slower media. (Path cost takes precedence over port priority.) • Priority – Defines the priority used for this port in the spanning tree. If the path cost for all ports on a switch is the same, the port with the highest priority (i.e., lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the spanning tree. This makes a port with higher priority less likely to be blocked if the Spanning Tree Protocol is detecting network loops. Where more than one port is assigned the highest priority, the port with the lowest numeric identifier will be enabled. • Designated root – The priority and MAC address of the device in the spanning tree that this switch has accepted as the root device. • Fast forwarding – This field provides the same information as Admin Edge port, and is only included for backward compatibility with earlier products. • Admin Link Type – The link type attached to this interface. • - Point-to-Point – A connection to exactly one other bridge. - Shared – A connection to two or more bridges. - Auto – The switch automatically determines if the interface is attached to a point-to-point link or to shared media. Admin Edge Port – You can enable this option if an interface is attached to a LAN segment that is at the end of a bridged LAN or to an end node. Since end nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can pass directly through to the spanning tree forwarding state. Specifying Edge Ports provides quicker convergence for devices such as workstations or servers, retains the current forwarding database to reduce the amount of frame flooding required to rebuild address tables during reconfiguration events, does not cause the spanning tree to reconfigure when the interface changes state, and also overcomes other STP-related timeout problems. However, remember that Edge Port should only be enabled for ports connected to an end-node device. Web – Click Spanning Tree, STP Port Information or STP Trunk Information. 3-82 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – This example displys the current spanning tree status of a port. Console#show spanning-tree ethernet 1/5 4-137 Eth 1/ 5 information -------------------------------------------------------------Admin status : enable Role : designate State : forwarding Path cost : 100000 Priority : 128 Designated cost : 0 Designated port : 128.5 Designated root : 32768.000011112222 Designated bridge : 32768.000011112222 Fast forwarding : disable Forward transitions : 1 Admin edge port : disable Oper edge port : disable Admin Link type : auto Oper Link type : point-to-point Console# STP Port and Trunk Configuration You can configure RSTP attributes for specific interfaces, including port priority, path cost, link type, and edge port. You may use a different priority or path cost for ports of same media type to indicate the preferred path, link type to indicate a point-to-point connection or shared-media connection, and edge port to indicate if the attached device can support fast forwarding. (References to “ports” in this section means “interfaces,” which includes both ports and trunks.) Command Attributes • Port — Specifies a port. • Spanning TreeI — Check to enable spanning tree on a port. • STA State – Displays current state of this port within the spanning tree: • - Discarding – Port receives STP configuration messages, but does not forward packets. - Learning – Port has transmitted configuration messages for an interval set by the Forward Delay parameter without receiving contradictory information. Port address table is cleared, and the port begins learning addresses. - Forwarding – Port forwards packets, and continues learning addresses. Priority – Defines the priority used for this port in the Spanning Tree Protocol. If the path cost for all ports on a switch is the same, the port with the highest priority (i.e., lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the spanning tree. This makes a port with higher priority less likely to be blocked if the Spanning Tree Protocol is detecting network loops. Where more than one port is assigned the highest priority, the port with lowest numeric identifier will be enabled. (Default: 128; Range: 0-240, in steps of 16) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-83 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • Path Cost – This parameter is used by the STP to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to ports attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to ports with slower media. (Path cost takes precedence over port priority.) - Range – Ethernet: 200,000-20,000,000 Fast Ethernet: 20,000-2,000,000 Gigabit Ethernet: 2,000-200,000 - Defaults – Ethernet – half duplex: 2,000,000; full duplex: 1,000,000; trunk: 500,000 Fast Ethernet – half duplex: 200,000; full duplex: 100,000; trunk: 50,000 Gigabit Ethernet – full duplex: 10,000; trunk: 5,000 Note: When the Path Cost Method is set to short, the maximum path cost is 65,535. • • Admin Link Type – The link type attached to this interface. (Default: Auto) - Point-to-Point – A connection to exactly one other bridge. - Shared – A connection to two or more bridges. - Auto – The switch automatically determines if the interface is attached to a point-to-point link or to shared media. Admin Edge Port – You can enable this option if an interface is attached to a LAN segment that is at the end of a bridged LAN or to an end node. Since end nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can pass directly through to the spanning tree forwarding state. Specifying Edge Ports provides quicker convergence for devices such as workstations or servers, retains the current forwarding database to reduce the amount of frame flooding required to rebuild address tables during reconfiguration events, does not cause the spanning tree to initiate reconfiguration when the interface changes state, and also overcomes other STP-related timeout problems. However, remember that Edge Port should only be enabled for ports connected to an end-node device. • Migration – Re-checks the appropriate BPDU format to send on the selected interface. If at any time the switch detects STP BPDUs, including Configuration or Topology Change Notification BPDUs, it will automatically set the selected interface to forced STP-compatible mode. However, you can also check this Migration check box to manually re-check the appropriate BPDU format (RSTP or STP-compatible) to send on the selected interfaces. • Trunk – Specifies if a port is member of a trunk. Web – Click Spanning Tree, STP Port Configuration or STP Trunk Configuration. Modify the required attributes, then click Apply. 3-84 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – This example sets STP attributes for port 5. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree port-priority 128 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree cost 19 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree link-type auto Console(config-if)#no spanning-tree edge-port Console#spanning-tree protocol-migration ethernet 1/5 Console# 4-109 4-134 4-133 4-136 4-135 4-136 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Configuration Notes: 1. All settings for MSTP are applicable to PVST configuration. 2. The spanning-tree mode command has been removed and replaced by RSTP mode for the global spanning tree and PVST-compliant mode for each VLAN. If the switch detects a device running STP it will automatically downgrade to STP. Presently the firmware does not support MSTP. MSTP generates a unique spanning tree for each instance. This provides multiple pathways across the network, thereby balancing the traffic load, preventing wide-scale disruption when a bridge node in a single instance fails, and allowing for faster convergence of a new topology for the failed instance. By default all VLANs are assigned to the Internal Spanning Tree (MST Instance 0) that connects all bridges and LANs within the MST region. This switch supports up to 65 instances. You should try to group VLANs which cover the same general area of your network. However, remember that you must configure all bridges within the same MSTI Region (page 3-89) with the same set of instances, and the same instance (on each bridge) with the same set of VLANs. Also, note that RSTP treats each MSTI region as a single node, connecting all regions to the Common Spanning Tree. To use multiple spanning trees: • Set the spanning tree type to MSTP (STP Configuration, page 3-77). • Enter the spanning tree priority for the selected MST instance (MSTP VLAN Configuration). • Add the VLANs that will share this MSTI (MSTP VLAN Configuration). Note: All VLANs are automatically added to the IST (Instance 0). To ensure that the MSTI maintains connectivity across the network, you must configure a related set of bridges with the same MSTI settings.Command Attributes • MST Instance – Instance identifier of this spanning tree. (Default: 0) • Priority – The priority of a spanning tree instance. (Range: 0-61440 in steps of 4096; Options: 0, 4096, 8192, 12288, 16384, 20480, 24576, 28672, 32768, 36864, 40960, 45056, 49152, 53248, 57344, 61440; Default: 32768) • VLANs in MST Instance – VLANs assigned this instance. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-85 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide The other global attributes are described under “Displaying Interface Settings for MSTP,” page 3387. The attributes displayed by the CLI for individual interfaces are described under “Spanning Tree Commands,” page 44-139. Web – Click Spanning Tree, MSTP, VLAN Configuration. Select an instance identifier from the list, set the instance priority, and click Apply. To add the VLAN members to an MSTI instance, enter the instance identifier, the VLAN identifier, and click Add. 3-86 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – This displays STP settings for instance 1, followed by settings for each port. Console#show spanning-tree mst 2 4-138 Spanning-tree information --------------------------------------------------------------Spanning tree mode :MSTP Spanning tree enable/disable :enable Instance :2 Vlans configuration :2 Priority :4096 Bridge Hello Time (sec.) :2 Bridge Max Age (sec.) :20 Bridge Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Root Hello Time (sec.) :2 Root Max Age (sec.) :20 Root Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Max hops :20 Remaining hops :20 Designated Root :4096.2.0000E9313131 Current root port :0 Current root cost :0 Number of topology changes :0 Last topology changes time (sec.):646 Transmission limit :3 Path Cost Method :long --------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/ 7 information --------------------------------------------------------------Admin status : enable Role : disable State : discarding External path cost : 10000 Internal path cost : 10000 Priority : 128 Designated cost : 0 Designated port : 128.7 Designated root : 4096.2.0000E9313131 Designated bridge : 4096.2.0000E9313131 Fast forwarding : enable Forward transitions : 0 Admin edge port : enable Oper edge port : enable Admin Link type : auto Oper Link type : point-to-point Spanning Tree Status : enable . . . CLI – This example sets the priority for MSTI 1, and adds VLANs 1-5 to this MSTI. Console(config)#spanning-tree mst-configuration Console(config-mst)#mst 1 priority 4096 Console(config-mstp)#mst 1 vlan 1-5 Console(config-mst)# 4-139 4-131 4-130 Displaying Interface Settings for MSTP The MSTP Port Information and MSTP Trunk Information pages display the current status of ports and trunks in the selected MST instance. Field Attributes: • MST Instance ID – Instance identifier to configure. (Range: 0-57; Default: 0) The other attributes are described under “Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP,” page 33-89. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-87 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Spanning Tree, MSTP Port Information or MSTP Trunk Information. Select the required MST instance to display the current spanning tree values. CLI – This displays STP settings for instance 0, followed by settings for each port. The settings for instance 0 are global settings that apply to the IST (page 33-77), the settings for other instances only apply to the local spanning tree. Console#show spanning-tree mst 0 4-139 Spanning-tree information --------------------------------------------------------------Spanning tree mode :MSTP Spanning tree enable/disable :enable Instance :0 Vlans configuration :1-4094 Priority :32768 Bridge Hello Time (sec.) :2 Bridge Max Age (sec.) :20 Bridge Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Root Hello Time (sec.) :2 Root Max Age (sec.) :20 Root Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Max hops :20 Remaining hops :20 Designated Root :32768.0.0000ABCD0000 Current root port :1 Current root cost :200000 Number of topology changes :1 Last topology changes time (sec.):645 Transmission limit :3 Path Cost Method :long --------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/ 1 information --------------------------------------------------------------Admin status : enable Role : root State : forwarding External path cost : 100000 Internal path cost : 100000 Priority : 128 Designated cost : 200000 Designated port : 128.24 Designated root : 32768.0.0000ABCD0000 Designated bridge : 32768.0.0030F1552000 Fast forwarding : disable Forward transitions : 1 Admin edge port : enable Oper edge port : disable Admin Link type : auto Oper Link type : point-to-point Spanning Tree Status : enable . . . 3-88 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP You can configure the STP interface settings for an MST Instance using the MSTP Port Configuration and MSTP Trunk Configuration pages. Field Attributes: The following attributes are read-only and cannot be changed: • • STA State – Displays current state of this port within the Spanning Tree. (See STP Port and Trunk Information on page 33-81 for additional information.) • Discarding - Port receives STP configuration messages, but does not forward packets. • Learning - Port has transmitted configuration messages for an interval set by the Forward Delay parameter without receiving contradictory information. Port address table is cleared, and the port begins learning addresses. • Forwarding - Port forwards packets, and continues learning addresses. Trunk – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk. (STP Port Configuration only) The following interface attributes can be configured: • MST Instance ID – Instance identifier to configure. (Range: 0-57; Default: 0) • Priority – Defines the priority used for this port in the Spanning Tree Protocol. If the path cost for all ports on a switch are the same, the port with the highest priority (i.e., lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the Spanning Tree. This makes a port with higher priority less likely to be blocked if the Spanning Tree Protocol is detecting network loops. Where more than one port is assigned the highest priority, the port with lowest numeric identifier will be enabled. • May 2004 • Default: 128 • Range: 0-240, in steps of 16 MST Path Cost – This parameter is used by the MSTP to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to ports attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to ports with slower media. (Path cost takes precedence over port priority.) Note that when the Path Cost Method is set to short (page 3-63), the maximum path cost is 65,535. • Range – - Ethernet: 200,000-20,000,000 - Fast Ethernet: 20,000-2,000,000 - Gigabit Ethernet: 2,000-200,000 • Default – - Ethernet – Half duplex: 2,000,000; full duplex: 1,000,000; trunk: 500,000 - Fast Ethernet – Half duplex: 200,000; full duplex: 100,000; trunk: 50,000 - Gigabit Ethernet – Full duplex: 10,000; trunk: 5,000 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-89 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide VLAN Configuration In conventional networks with routers, broadcast traffic is split up into separate domains. Switches do not inherently support broadcast domains. This can lead to broadcast storms in large networks that handle traffic such as IPX or NetBEUI. By using IEEE 802.1Q-compliant VLANs, you can organize any group of network nodes into separate broadcast domains, thus confining broadcast traffic to the originating group. This also provides a more secure and cleaner network environment. An IEEE 802.1Q VLAN is a group of ports that can be located anywhere in the network, but communicate as though they belong to the same physical segment. VLANs help to simplify network management by allowing you to move devices to a new VLAN without having to change any physical connections. VLANs can be easily organized to reflect departmental groups (such as Marketing or R&D), usage groups (such as e-mail), or multicast groups (used for multimedia applications such as videoconferencing). VLANs provide greater network efficiency by reducing broadcast traffic, and allow you to make network changes without having to update IP addresses or IP subnets. VLANs inherently provide a high level of network security since traffic must pass through a configured Layer 3 link to reach a different VLAN. • Up to 255 VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard • Distributed VLAN learning across multiple switches using explicit or implicit tagging and GVRP protocol • Port overlapping, allowing a port to participate in multiple VLANs • End stations can belong to multiple VLANs • Passing traffic between VLAN-aware and VLAN-unaware devices • Priority tagging Assigning Ports to VLANs Before enabling VLANs for the switch, you must first assign each port to the VLAN group(s) in which it will participate. By default all ports are assigned to VLAN 1 as untagged ports. Add a port as a tagged port if you want it to carry traffic for one or more VLANs, and any intermediate network devices or the host at the other end of the connection supports VLANs. Then assign ports on the other VLAN-aware network devices along the path that will carry this traffic to the same VLAN(s), either manually or dynamically using GVRP. However, if you want a port on this switch to participate in one or more VLANs, but none of the intermediate network devices nor the host at the other end of the connection supports VLANs, then you should add this port to the VLAN as an untagged port. Note: VLAN-tagged frames can pass through VLAN-aware or VLAN-unaware network interconnection devices, but the VLAN tags should be stripped off before passing it on to any endnode host that does not support VLAN tagging. VLAN Classification – When the switch receives a frame, it classifies the frame in one of two ways. If the frame is untagged, the switch assigns the frame to an associated VLAN (based on the PVID of the receiving port. But if the frame is tagged, the switch uses the tagged VLAN ID to identify the port broadcast domain of the frame. 3-90 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Port Overlapping – Port overlapping can be used to allow access to commonly shared network resources among different VLAN groups, such as file servers or printers. Note that if you implement VLANs which do not overlap, but still need to communicate, you can connect them by using a Layer3 router or switch. Untagged VLANs – Untagged (or static) VLANs are typically used to reduce broadcast traffic and to increase security. A group of network users assigned to a VLAN form a broadcast domain that is separate from other VLANs configured on the switch. Packets are forwarded only between ports that are designated for the same VLAN. Untagged VLANs can be used to manually isolate user groups or subnets. However, you should use IEEE 802.3 tagged VLANs with GVRP whenever possible to fully automate VLAN registration. Automatic VLAN Registration – GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) defines a system whereby the switch can automatically learn the VLANs to which each endstation should be assigned. If an endstation (or its network adapter) supports the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN protocol, it can be configured to broadcast a message to your network indicating the VLAN groups it wants to join. When this switch receives these messages, it will automatically place the receiving port in the specified VLANs, and then forward the message to all other ports. When the message arrives at another switch that supports GVRP, it will also place the receiving port in the specified VLANs, and pass the message on to all other ports. VLAN requirements are propagated in this way throughout the network. This allows GVRP-compliant devices to be automatically configured for VLAN groups based solely on endstation requests. To implement GVRP in a network, first add the host devices to the required VLANs (using the operating system or other application software), so that these VLANs can be propagated onto the network. For both the edge switches attached directly to these hosts, and core switches in the network, enable GVRP on the links between these devices. You should also determine security boundaries in the network and disable GVRP on ports to prevent advertisements being propagated, or forbid ports from joining restricted VLANs. If you have host devices that do not support GVRP, you must configure static VLANs for the switch ports connected to these devices. You also still need to enable GVRP on these edge switches, as well as on the core switches in the network. Forwarding Tagged/Untagged Frames If you want to create a small port-based VLAN for devices attached directly to a single switch, you can assign ports to the same untagged VLAN. However, to participate in a VLAN group that crosses several switches, you need to create a VLAN for that group and enable tagging on all ports. Ports can be assigned to multiple tagged or untagged VLANs. Each port on the switch is therefore capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. When forwarding a frame from the switch along a path that contains any VLAN-aware devices, the switch should include VLAN tags. When forwarding a frame from the switch along a path that does not contain any VLAN-aware devices (including the destination host), the switch must first strip off the VLAN tag before forwarding the frame. When the switch receives a tagged frame, it will pass this frame onto the VLAN(s) indicated by the frame tag. However, when the switch receives an untagged frame from a VLAN-unaware device, it first decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port’s default VID. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-91 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting) GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register VLAN members on ports across the network. VLANs are dynamically configured based on join messages issued by host devices and propagated throughout the network. GVRP must be enabled to permit automatic VLAN registration, and to support VLANs which extend beyond the local switch. (Default: Disabled) Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, GVRP Status. Enable or disable GVRP, and click Apply. CLI – This example enables GVRP for the switch. Console(config)#bridge-ext gvrp Console(config)# 4-156 Displaying Basic VLAN Information Command Attributes • VLAN Version Number – The VLAN version used by this switch as specified in the IEEE 802.1Q standard. (Web interface only.) • Maximum VLAN ID – Maximum VLAN ID recognized by this switch. • Maximum Number of Supported VLANs – Maximum number of VLANs that can be configured on this switch. Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Basic Information. 3-92 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – Enter the following command. Console#show bridge-ext Max support vlan numbers: 255 Max support vlan ID: 4094 Extended multicast filtering services: No Static entry individual port: Yes VLAN learning: IVL Configurable PVID tagging: Yes Local VLAN capable: No Traffic classes: Enabled Global GVRP status: Enabled GMRP: Disabled Console# 4-157 Displaying Current VLANs The VLAN Current Table shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or not the port supports VLAN tagging. Ports assigned to a large VLAN group that crosses several switches should use VLAN tagging. However, if you just want to create a small port-based VLAN for one or two switches, you can disable tagging. Command Attributes for Web Interface • VLAN ID – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes). • Up Time at Creation – Time this VLAN was created; i.e., System Up Time. • Status – Shows how this VLAN was added to the switch. - Dynamic GVRP: Automatically learned via GVRP. - Permanent: Added as a static entry. • Tagged Ports – Shows the tagged VLAN port members. • Untagged Ports – Shows the untagged VLAN port members May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-93 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Current Table. Select any ID from the scroll-down list. Command Attributes for CLI Interface • VLAN – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes). • Type – Shows how this VLAN was added to the switch. - Dynamic: Automatically learned via GVRP. - Static: Added as a static entry. • Name – Name of the VLAN (1 to 32 characters). • Status – Shows if this VLAN is enabled or disabled. - Active: VLAN is operational. - Suspend: VLAN is suspended; i.e., does not pass packets. • Ports / Channel groups – Shows the VLAN interface members. Note: The maximum length of a VLAN name is 32 characters (the same as RFC2674 MIB definition). When a VLAN name is set through the ifAlias object (RFC2863 MIB), up to 64 characters can be used, but the name is always truncated to 32 characters, because both refer to the same database. The maximum lengths for all other names (such as ports and trunks) are 64 characters. 3-94 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – Current VLAN information can be displayed with the following command. Console#show vlan id 1 VLAN Type Name Status Ports/Channel groups ---- ------- ---------------- --------- --------------------------------------1 Static DefaultVlan Active Eth1/ 1 Eth1/ 2 Eth1/ 3 Eth1/ 4 Eth1/ 5 Eth1/ 6 Eth1/ 7 Eth1/ 8 Eth1/ 9 Eth1/10 Eth1/11 Eth1/12 Eth1/13 Eth1/14 Eth1/15 Eth1/16 Eth1/17 Eth1/18 Eth1/19 Eth1/20 Eth1/21 Eth1/22 Eth1/23 Eth1/24 Eth1/25 Eth1/26 Eth1/27 Eth1/28 Eth1/29 Eth1/30 Eth1/31 Eth1/32 Eth1/33 Eth1/34 Eth1/35 Eth1/36 Eth1/37 Eth1/38 Eth1/39 Eth1/40 Eth1/41 Eth1/42 Eth1/43 Eth1/44 Eth1/45 Eth1/46 Eth1/47 Eth1/48 Eth1/49 Eth1/50 Console# 4-148 Creating VLANs Use the VLAN Static List to create or remove VLAN groups. To propagate information about VLAN groups used on this switch to external network devices, you must specify a VLAN ID for each of these groups. Command Attributes • Current – Lists all the current VLAN groups created for this system. Up to 255 VLAN groups can be defined. VLAN 1 is the default untagged VLAN. • New – Allows you to specify the name and numeric identifier for a new VLAN group. (The VLAN name is only used for management on this system; it is not added to the VLAN tag.) • VLAN ID – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes). • Name – Name of the VLAN (1 to 32 characters). • Status – Shows if this VLAN is enabled or disabled (Web). - Enable: VLAN is operational. - Disable: VLAN is suspended; i.e., does not pass packets. • State – Shows if this VLAN is enabled or disabled (CLI). - Active: VLAN is operational. - Suspend: VLAN is suspended; i.e., does not pass packets. • Add – Adds a new VLAN group to the current list. • Remove – Removes a VLAN group from the current list. If any port is assigned to this group as untagged, it will be reassigned to VLAN group 1 as untagged. Note: The maximum length of a VLAN name is 32 characters (the same as RFC2674 MIB definition). When a VLAN name is set through the ifAlias object (RFC2863 MIB), up to 64 characters can be used, but the name is always truncated to 32 characters, because both refer to the same database. The maximum lengths for all other names (such as ports and trunks) are 64 characters. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-95 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Static List. Enter the VLAN ID and VLAN name, mark the Enable checkbox to activate the VLAN, and then click Add. CLI – This example creates a new VLAN. Console(config)#vlan Console(config-vlan)#vlan 5 name R&D media ethernet state active Console(config-vlan)# 4-141 4-141 Adding Interfaces Based on Membership Type Use the VLAN Static Table to modify the settings for an existing VLAN. You can add or delete port members for a VLAN, disable or enable VLAN tagging for any port, or prevent a port from being automatically added to a VLAN via the GVRP protocol. (Note that VLAN 1 is the default untagged VLAN containing all ports on the switch, and cannot be modified via this page.) You can use the VLAN Static Table to assign ports to the specified VLAN group as an IEEE 802.1Q tagged port. Assign ports as tagged if they are connected to 802.1Q VLAN-compliant devices. If the port is connected to VLAN-unaware devices, frames will be passed to the untagged VLAN group this port has been assigned to under the VLAN Port Configuration page. Command Attributes • Port – Port identifier. 3-96 • Trunk – Trunk identifier. • VLAN – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes). • Name – Name of the VLAN (1 to 32 characters). • Status – Shows if this VLAN is enabled or disabled. - Enable: VLAN is operational. - Disable: VLAN is suspended; i.e., does not pass packets. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch • Membership Type – Select VLAN membership for each interface by marking the appropriate radio button for a port or trunk: - Tagged: Interface is a member of the VLAN. All packets transmitted by the port will be tagged, that is, carry a tag and therefore carry VLAN or CoS information. - Untagged: Interface is a member of the VLAN. All packets transmitted by the port will be untagged, that is, not carry a tag and therefore not carry VLAN or CoS information. Note that an interface must be assigned to at least one group as an untagged port. - Forbidden: Interface is forbidden from automatically joining the VLAN via GVRP. For more information, see “Automatic VLAN Registration” on page 3-91. - None: Interface is not a member of the VLAN. Packets associated with this VLAN will not be transmitted by the interface. • Trunk Member – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk. To add a trunk to the selected VLAN, use the last table on the VLAN Static Table page. Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Static Table. Select a VLAN ID from the scroll-down list. Modify the VLAN name and status if required. Select the membership type by marking the appropriate radio button in the list of ports or trunks. Click Apply. CLI – The following example shows how to add tagged and untagged ports to VLAN 2. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport allowed vlan add 2 tagged Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 Console(config-if)#switchport allowed vlan add 2 untagged Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/13 Console(config-if)#switchport allowed vlan add 2 tagged May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-109 4-147 3-97 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Adding Interfaces Based on Static Membership Use the VLAN Static Membership by Port menu to assign VLAN groups to the selected interface add an interface to the selected VLAN as a tagged member. Command Attributes • Interface – Port or trunk identifier. • Member – VLANs for which the selected interface is a tagged member. • Non-Member – VLANs for which the selected interface is not a tagged member. Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Static Membership. Select an interface from the scroll-down box (Port or Trunk). Click Query to display VLAN membership information for the interface. Select a VLAN ID, and then click Add to add the interface as a tagged member, or click Remove to remove the interface. After configuring VLAN membership for each interface, click Apply. CLI – This example adds Port 3 to VLAN 1 as a tagged port, and removes Port 3 from VLAN 2. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/3 Console(config-if)#switchport allowed vlan add 1 tagged Console(config-if)#switchport allowed vlan remove 2 4-109 4-147 Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces You can configure VLAN behavior for specific interfaces, including the default VLAN identifier (PVID), accepted frame types, and ingress filtering, GVRP status, and GARP timers. Command Usage • GVRP – GARP VLAN Registration Protocol defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to automatically register VLAN members on interfaces across the network. • 3-98 GARP – Group Address Registration Protocol is used by GVRP to register or deregister client attributes for client services within a bridged LAN. The default values for the GARP timers are independent of the media access method or data rate. These values should not be changed unless you are experiencing difficulties with GVRP registration/deregistration. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Command Attributes • PVID – VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on the interface. (Default: 1) • • • - If an interface is not a member of VLAN 1 and you assign its PVID to this VLAN, the interface will automatically be added to VLAN 1 as an untagged member. For all other VLANs, an interface must first be configured as an untagged member before you can assign its PVID to that group. Acceptable Frame Type – Sets the interface to accept all frame types, including tagged or untagged frames, or only tagged frames. When set to receive all frame types, any received frames that are untagged are assigned to the default VLAN. (Option: All, Tagged; Default: All) Ingress Filtering – If ingress filtering is enabled, incoming frames for VLANs which do not include this ingress port in their member set will be discarded at the ingress port. (Default: Disabled) - Ingress filtering only affects tagged frames. - If ingress filtering is disabled, the interface will flood incoming frames for VLANs which do not include this ingress port in their member set (except for those VLANs explicitly forbidden on this port). - If ingress filtering is enabled, the interface will discard incoming frames tagged for VLANs which do not include this ingress port in their member set. - Ingress filtering does not affect VLAN independent BPDU frames, such as STP. However, it does affect VLAN dependent BPDU frames, such as GMRP. GVRP Status – Enables/disables GVRP for the interface. GVRP must be globally enabled for the switch before this setting can take effect. (See “Port Configuration” on page 3-52.) When disabled, any GVRP packets received on this port will be discarded and no GVRP registrations will be propagated from other ports. (Default: Enabled) • GARP Join Timer* – The interval between transmitting requests/queries to participate in a VLAN group. (Range: 20-1000 centiseconds; Default: 20) • GARP Leave Timer* – The interval a port waits before leaving a VLAN group. This time should be set to more than twice the join time. This ensures that after a Leave or LeaveAll message has been issued, the applicants can rejoin before the port actually leaves the group. (Range: 60-3000 centiseconds; Default: 60) • GARP LeaveAll Timer* – The interval between sending out a LeaveAll query message for VLAN group participants and the port leaving the group. This interval should be considerably larger than the Leave Time to minimize the amount of traffic generated by nodes rejoining the group. (Range: 500-18000 centiseconds; Default: 1000) * GARP timer settings must follow this rule: 2 x (join timer) < leave timer < leaveAll timer • Mode – Indicates VLAN membership mode for a port. (Default: Hybrid.) - 1Q Trunk – Specifies a port as an end-point for a VLAN trunk. A trunk is a direct link between two switches, so the port transmits tagged frames that identify the source VLAN. Note that frames belonging to the port’s default VLAN (i.e.,associated with the PVID) are also transmitted as tagged frames. - Hybrid – Specifies a hybrid VLAN interface. The port may receive or transmit tagged or untagged frames. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-99 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • Dual Mode/VLAN ID – Enables dual mode, the ability of a port to accept both tagged and untagged traffic at the same time. A dual mode port transmits only untagged traffic on its default VLAN (that is either VLAN 1, or a user specified VLAN ID), and only tagged traffic on all other VLANs. Allows you to specify a VLAN ID also. (Range: 1-4094; Default: 0) • Trunk Member – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk. To add a trunk to the selected VLAN, use the last table on the VLAN Static Table page. Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Port Configuration or VLAN Trunk Configuration. Fill in the required settings for each interface, click Apply. CLI – This example sets port 1 to accept only tagged frames, assigns PVID 3 as the native VLAN ID, enables GVRP, sets the GARP timers, sets the switchport mode to hybrid and then enables dual mode with a VLAN ID of 4000. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-109 Console(config-if)#switchport acceptable-frame-types tagged 4-145 Console(config-if)#switchport ingress-filtering 4-145 Console(config-if)#switchport native vlan 3 4-146 Console(config-if)#switchport gvrp 4-154 Console(config-if)#garp timer join 10 4-155 Console(config-if)#garp timer leave 90 4-155 Console(config-if)#garp timer leaveall 2000 4-155 Console(config-if)#switchport mode hybrid 4-144 Console(config-if)#dual 4000 Console(config-if)# 3-100 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Configuring Private VLANs Private VLANs provide port-based security and isolation between ports within the assigned VLAN. Data traffic on downlink ports can only be forwarded to, and from, uplink ports. (Note that private VLANs and normal VLANs can exist simultaneously within the same switch.) Uplink Ports Primary VLAN (promiscuous ports) x Downlink Ports Secondary VLAN (private ports) Enabling Private VLANs Use the Private VLAN Status page to enable/disable the Private VLAN function. Web – Click VLAN, Private VLAN, Status. Select Enable or Disable from the scroll-down box, and click Apply. CLI – This example enables private VLANs. Console(config)#pvlan Console(config)# Configuring Uplink and Downlink Ports Use the Private VLAN Link Status page to set ports as downlink or uplink ports. Ports designated as downlink ports can not communicate with any other ports on the switch except for the uplink ports. Uplink ports can communicate with any other ports on the switch and with any designated downlink ports. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-101 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click VLAN, Private VLAN, Link Status. Mark the ports that will serve as uplinks and downlinks for the private VLAN, then click Apply. CLI – This configures ports 3 and 4 as uplinks and ports 5 and 6 as downlinks. Console(config)#pvlan uplink 1/3-4 downlink 1/5-6 Console(config)# Priority Configuration Class of Service (CoS) allows you to specify which data packets have greater precedence when traffic is buffered in the switch due to congestion. This switch supports CoS with four priority queues for each port. Data packets in a port’s high-priority queue will be transmitted before those in the lower-priority queues. You can set the default priority for each interface, and configure the mapping of frame priority tags to the switch’s priority queues. Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces You can specify the default port priority for each interface on the switch. All untagged packets entering the switch are tagged with the specified default port priority, and then sorted into the appropriate priority queue at the output port. Command Usage • This switch provides four priority queues for each port. It uses Weighted Round Robin to prevent head-of-queue blockage. • The default priority applies if the incoming frame is an untagged frame received from a VLAN trunk or a static-access port. This priority does not apply to IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagged frames. If the incoming frame is an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagged frame, the IEEE 802.1p User Priority bits will be used. • If the output port is an untagged member of the associated VLAN, these frames are stripped of all VLAN tags prior to transmission. Command Attributes • Default Priority – The priority that is assigned to untagged frames received on the specified port. (Range: 0 - 7, Default: 0) • 3-102 Number of Egress Traffic Classes – The number of queue buffers provided for each port. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click Priority, Default Port Priority or Default Trunk Priority. Modify the default priority for any interface, then click Apply. CLI – This example assigns a default priority or 5 to port 3. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/3 Console(config-if)#switchport priority default 5 4-109 4-144 Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues This switch processes Class of Service (CoS) priority tagged traffic by using four priority queues for each port, with service schedules based on Weighted Round Robin (WRR). Up to eight separate traffic priorities are defined in IEEE 802.1p. The default priority levels are assigned according to recommendations in the IEEE 802.1p standard as shown in the following table. Queue 0 1 2 3 0 1 Priority 2 3 4 5 6 7 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-103 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide The priority levels recommended in the IEEE 802.1p standard for various network applications are shown in the following table. However, you can map the priority levels to the switch’s output queues in any way that benefits application traffic for your own network. Priority Level Traffic Type 1 Background 2 (Spare) 0 (default) Best Effort 3 Excellent Effort 4 Controlled Load 5 Video, less than 100 milliseconds latency and jitter 6 Voice, less than 10 milliseconds latency and jitter 7 Network Control • Priority – CoS value. (Range: 0 to 7, where 7 is the highest priority) • Traffic Class – Output queue buffer. Web – Click Priority, Traffic Classes. Assign priorities to the output queues, then click Apply. 3-104 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – The following example shows how to map CoS values 0, 1 and 2 to CoS priority queue 0, value 3 to CoS priority queue 1, values 4 and 5 to CoS priority queue 2, and values 6 and 7 to CoS priority queue 3. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config)#queue cos-map 0 0 1 2 Console(config)#queue cos-map 1 3 Console(config)#queue cos-map 2 4 5 Console(config)#queue cos-map 3 6 7 Console(config)#exit Console#show queue cos-map ethernet 1/1 Information of Eth 1/1 Queue ID Traffic class -------- ------------0 0 1 2 1 3 2 4 5 3 6 7 Console# 4-109 4-167 4-168 Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes This switch uses the Weighted Round Robin (WRR) algorithm to determine the frequency at which it services each priority queue. As described in “Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues” on page 3103, the traffic classes are mapped to one of the four egress queues provided for each port. You can assign a weight to each of these queues (and thereby to the corresponding traffic priorities). This weight sets the frequency at which each queue will be polled for service, and subsequently affects the response time for software applications assigned a specific priority value. Command Attributes • Interface – Specifies a port or trunk. • WRR Setting Table – Displays a list of weights for each traffic class (i.e., queue). • - EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF – Defaults: Weights 1, 4, 16 and 64 are assigned to queue 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. - EdgeIron 24G-A, 48G – Defaults: Weights 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 are assigned to queue 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively. - EdgeIron 24G – Defaults: Weights 16, 64, 128 and 240 are assigned to queue 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Weight Value – Set a new weight for the selected traffic class. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-105 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Priority, Queue Scheduling. Select a traffic class by clicking on it with your cursor, enter a weight value, and then click Apply. CLI – The following example shows how to assign WRR weights of 1, 4, 16 and 64 to the CoS priority queues 0, 1, 2 and 3. Console(config)#queue bandwidth 1 4 16 64 Console(config)#exit Console#show queue bandwidth Queue ID Weight -------- -----0 1 1 4 2 16 3 64 Console# 4-166 4-168 Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values This switch supports a common method of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to meet application requirements. Traffic priorities can be specified in the IP header of a frame, using the priority bits in the Type of Service (ToS) octet or the number of the TCP port. If priority bits are used, the ToS octet may contain three bits for IP Precedence or six bits for Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) service. When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue. Because different priority information may be contained in the traffic, this switch maps priority values to the output queues in the following manner: • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Port priority, IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, and then Default Port Priority. • IP Precedence and DSCP Priority cannot both be enabled. Enabling one of these priority types will automatically disable the other. • IP Port, IP Precedence, and DSCP Priority settings are global and apply to all ports on the switch. Note: IP Precedence/DSCP and TCP port priority to COS mappings are global settings. 3-106 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority The switch allows you to choose between using IP Precedence or DSCP priority. Select one of the methods or disable this feature. Command Attributes • IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status – Selects IP Precedence, DSCP, or disables both priority services. Web – Click Priority, IP Precedence Priority. Select IP Precedence or IP DSCP from the IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status menu. CLI – The following example globally enables IP Precedence service on the switch. Console(config)#map ip precedence Console# 4-169 Mapping IP Precedence The Type of Service (ToS) octet in the IPv4 header includes three precedence bits defining eight different priority levels ranging from highest priority for network control packets to lowest priority for routine traffic. The default IP Precedence values are mapped one-to-one to Class of Service values (i.e., Precedence value 0 maps to CoS value 0, and so forth). Bits 6 and 7 are used for network control, and the other bits for various application types. ToS bits are defined in the following table. Priority Level Traffic Type 7 Network Control 6 Internetwork Control 5 Critical 4 Flash Override 3 Flash 2 Immediate 1 Priority 0 Routine May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-107 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Attributes • IP Precedence Priority Table – Shows the IP Precedence to CoS map. • Class of Service Value – Maps a CoS value to the selected IP Precendence value. Note that “0” represents low priority and “7” represent high priority. Web – Click Priority, IP Precedence Priority. Select an IP Precedence value from the IP Precedence Priority Table by clicking on it with your cursor, enter a value in the Class of Service Value field, and then click Apply. Be sure to also select IP Precedence from the IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status menu. CLI – The following example globally enables IP Precedence service on the switch, maps IP Precedence value 1 to CoS value 0 on port 5, and then displays all the IP Precedence settings for that port. (Note that the setting is global and applies to all ports on the switch.) Console(config)#map ip precedence Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#map ip precedence 1 cos 0 Console(config-if)#end Console#show map ip precedence ethernet 1/5 Precedence mapping status: disabled 4-169 4-109 4-169 4-173 Port Precedence COS --------- ---------- --Eth 1/ 5 0 0 Eth 1/ 5 1 0 Eth 1/ 5 2 2 Eth 1/ 5 3 3 Eth 1/ 5 4 4 Eth 1/ 5 5 5 Eth 1/ 5 6 6 Eth 1/ 5 7 7 Console# 3-108 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Mapping DSCP Priority The DSCP is six bits wide, allowing coding for up to 64 different forwarding behaviors. The DSCP replaces the ToS bits, and it retains backward compatibility with the three precedence bits so that non-DSCP compliant, ToS-enabled devices, will not conflict with the DSCP mapping. Based on network policies, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. The DSCP default values are defined in the following table. Note that all the DSCP values that are not specified are mapped to CoS value 0. IP DSCP Value CoS Value 0 0 8 1 10, 12, 14, 16 2 18, 20, 22, 24 3 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 4 38, 40, 42 5 48 6 46, 56 7 Command Attributes • DSCP Priority Table – Shows the DSCP Priority to CoS map. • Class of Service Value – Maps a CoS value to the selected DSCP Priority value. Note that “0” represents low priority and “7” represent high priority. Web – Click Priority, IP DSCP Priority. Select a DSCP priority value from the DSCP Priority Table by clicking on it with your cursor, enter a value in the Class of Service Value field, and then click Apply. Be sure to also select IP DSCP from the IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status menu. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-109 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – The following example globally enables DSCP Priority service on the switch, maps DSCP value 1 to CoS value 0 on port 5, and then displays all the DSCP Priority settings for that port. (Note that the setting is global and applies to all ports on the switch.) Console(config)#map ip dscp Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#map ip dscp 1 cos 0 Console(config-if)#end Console#show map ip dscp ethernet 1/5 DSCP mapping status: disabled 4-170 4-109 4-171 4-173 Port DSCP COS --------- ---- --Eth 1/ 5 0 0 Eth 1/ 5 1 0 Eth 1/ 5 2 0 Eth 1/ 5 3 0 . . . Eth 1/ 5 Eth 1/ 5 Eth 1/ 5 Console# 61 62 63 0 0 0 Mapping IP Port Priority You can also map network applications to Class of Service values based on the IP port number (i.e., TCP/UDP port number) in the frame header. Some of the more common TCP service ports include: HTTP: 80, FTP: 21, Telnet: 23 and POP3: 110. Command Attributes • IP Port Priority Status – Enables or disables the IP port priority. • Interface – Selects the port or trunk interface to which the settings apply. • IP Port Priority Table – Shows the IP port to CoS map. • IP Port Number (TCP/UDP) – Set a new IP port number. • Class of Service Value – Sets a CoS value for a new IP port. Note that “0” represents low priority and “7” represent high priority. Note: CoS priority mappings are configured per-port. However, due to a hardware limitations all mappings are applied system-wide. In other words, no matter which port is set for CoS mapping, it’s applies globally to all ports. 3-110 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click Priority, IP Port Status. Set IP Port Priority Status to Enabled. Click Priority, IP Port Priority. Select a port or trunk from the Interface field (note that settings apply to all interfaces). Enter the port number for a network application in the IP Port Number box and the new CoS value in the Class of Service box, and then click Add IP Port. CLI – The following example globally enables IP Port Priority service on the switch, maps HTTP traffic (on port 5) to CoS value 0, and then displays the IP Port Priority settings. Console(config)#map ip port Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#map ip port 80 cos 0 Console(config-if)#end Console#show map ip port ethernet 1/5 TCP port mapping status: enabled 4-172 4-172 4-174 Port Port no. COS --------- -------- --Eth 1/ 5 80 0 Console# Note: Mapping specific values for IP Port Priority is implemented as an interface configuration command, but any changes will apply to the all interfaces on the switch. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-111 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Mapping CoS Values to ACLs Use the ACL CoS Mapping page to set the output queue for packets matching an ACL rule as shown in the following table. Note that the specified CoS value is only used to map the matching packet to an output queue; it is not written to the packet itself. For information on mapping the CoS values to output queues, see page 33-103. Priority CoS Value 0 0 8 1 10, 12, 14, 16 2 18, 20, 22, 24 3 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 4 38, 40, 42 5 48 6 46, 56 7 Command Usage You must configure an ACL mask before you can map CoS values to the rule. Command Attributes • Port – Selects the port to which the ACL CoS is configured on. • Name, Type – Not presently implemented. • CoS Priority – Enables the CoS priority value level. • Add – Adds the specified information to the port. • ACL CoS Priority Mapping – Displays the configured information. * For information on configuring ACLs, see page 33-40. Web – Click Priority, ACL CoS Priority. Select a port, select an ACL rule, specify a CoS priority, then click Add. 3-112 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – This example assigns a CoS value of zero to packets matching rules within the specified ACL on port 1. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#map access-list ip bill cos 0 Console(config-if)# Changing Priorities Based on ACL Rules You can change traffic priorities for frames matching the defined ACL rule. (This feature is commonly referred to as ACL packet marking.) This switch can change the IEEE 802.1p priority, IP Precedence, or DSCP Priority of IP frames; or change the IEEE 802.1p priority of Layer 2 frames. (This feature is commonly referred to as ACL packet marking.) Use the no form to remove the ACL marker. Command Usage • You must configure an ACL mask before you can change priorities based on a rule. • Traffic priorities may be included in the IEEE 802.1p priority tag. This tag is also incorporated as part of the overall IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tag. The 802.1p priority may be set for either Layer 2 or IP frames. • The IP frame header also includes priority bits in the Type of Service (ToS) octet. The Type of Service octet may contain three bits for IP Precedence or six bits for Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) service. Note that the IP frame header can include either the IP Precedence or DSCP priority type. • The precedence for priority mapping by this switch is IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, and then 802.1p priority. Command Attributes • Port – Port identifier. • Name* – Name of ACL. • Type – Type of ACL (IP or MAC). • Precedence – IP Precedence value. (Range: 0-7) • DSCP – Differentiated Services Code Point value. (Range: 0-63) • 802.1p Priority – Class of Service value in the IEEE 802.1p priority tag. (Range: 0-7; 7 is the highest priority) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-113 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click Priority, ACL Marker. Select a port and an ACL rule. To specify a ToS priority, mark the Precedence/DSCP check box, select Precedence or DSCP from the scroll-down box, and enter a priority. To specify an 802.1p priority, mark the 802.1p Priority check box, and enter a priority. Then click Add. CLI – This example changes the DSCP priority for packets matching an IP ACL rule, and the 802.1p priority for packets matching a MAC ACL rule. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#match access-list ip bill set dscp 0 Console(config-if)#match access-list mac mike set priority 0 Console(config-if)#end Console#show marking 4-80 Interface ethernet 1/1 match access-list IP bill set DSCP 0 match access-list MAC a set priority 0 Console# Multicast Configuration Multicasting is used to support real-time applications such as video conferencing or streaming audio. A multicast server does not have to establish a separate connection with each client. It merely broadcasts its service to the network, and any hosts that want to receive the multicast register with their local multicast switch/router. Although this approach reduces the network overhead required by a multicast server, the broadcast traffic must be carefully pruned at every multicast switch/router it passes through to ensure that traffic is only passed on the hosts which subscribed to this service. This switch uses IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) to query for any attached hosts that want to receive a specific multicast service. It identifies the ports containing hosts requesting to join the service and sends data out to those ports only. It then propagates the service request up to any neighboring multicast switch/router to ensure that it will continue to receive the multicast service. This procedure is called multicast filtering. The purpose of IP multicast filtering is to optimize a switched network’s performance, so multicast packets will only be forwarded to those ports containing multicast group hosts or multicast routers/switches, instead of flooding traffic to all ports in the subnet (VLAN). 3-114 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Configuring IGMP Parameters You can configure the switch to forward multicast traffic intelligently. Based on the IGMP query and report messages, the switch forwards traffic only to the ports that request multicast traffic. This prevents the switch from broadcasting the traffic to all ports and possibly disrupting network performance. Command Usage • IGMP Snooping – This switch can passively snoop on IGMP Query and Report packets transferred between IP multicast routers/switches and IP multicast host groups to identify the IP multicast group members. It simply monitors the IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group registration information, and configures multicast filters accordingly. • IGMP Query – A router, or multicast-enabled switch, can periodically ask their hosts if they want to receive multicast traffic. If there is more than one router/switch on the LAN performing IP multicasting, one of these devices is elected “querier” and assumes the role of querying the LAN for group members. It then propagates the service requests on to any adjacent multicast switch/router to ensure that it will continue to receive the multicast service. Note: Multicast routers use this information, along with a multicast routing protocol such as DVMRP or PIM, to support IP multicasting across the Internet. Command Attributes • IGMP Status – When enabled, the switch will monitor network traffic to determine which hosts want to receive multicast traffic. This is also referred to as IGMP Snooping. (Default: Disabled) • Act as IGMP Querier – When enabled, the switch can serve as the Querier, which is responsible for asking hosts if they want to receive multicast traffic. (Default: Disabled) • IGMP Query Count – Sets the maximum number of queries issued for which there has been no response before the switch takes action to drop a client from the multicast group. (Default: 2, Range: 2 - 10) • IGMP Query Interval – Sets the frequency (in seconds) at which the switch sends IGMP hostquery messages. (Default: 125, Range: 60 - 125) • IGMP Report Delay – Sets the time (in seconds) between receiving an IGMP Report for an IP multicast address on a port before the switch sends an IGMP Query out of that port and removes the entry from its list. (Default: 10, Range: 5 - 30) • Query Timeout – The time the switch waits after the previous querier stops before it considers the router port (i.e., the interface which had been receiving query packets) to have expired. (Default: 300 seconds, Range: 300 - 500) • IGMP Version – Sets the protocol version for compatibility with other devices on the network. (Default: 2, Range: 1 - 2) Notes: 1. All systems on the subnet must support the same version. 2. Some attributes are only enabled for IGMPv2, including IGMP Report Delay and IGMP Query Timeout. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-115 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click IGMP, IGMP Configuration. Adjust the IGMP settings as required, and then click Apply. (The default settings are shown below.) CLI – This example modifies the settings for multicast filtering, and then displays the current status. Console(config)#ip igmp snooping 4-158 Console(config)#ip igmp snooping querier 4-160 Console(config)#ip igmp snooping query-count 10 4-161 Console(config)#ip igmp snooping query-interval 100 4-161 Console(config)#ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time 20 4-162 Console(config)#ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time 300 4-163 Console(config)#ip igmp snooping version 2 4-159 Console(config)#exit Console#show ip igmp snooping 4-159 Igmp Snooping Configuration ---------------------------------------------Service status : Enabled Querier status : Enabled Query count : 10 Query interval : 100 sec Query max response time : 20 sec Query time-out : 300 sec IGMP snooping version : Version 2 Console# Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router Multicast routers use the information obtained from IGMP Query, along with a multicast routing protocol such as DVMRP, to support IP multicasting across the Internet. These routers may be dynamically discovered by the switch or statically assigned to an interface on the switch. You can use the Multicast Router Port Information page to display the ports on this switch attached to a neighboring multicast router/switch for each VLAN ID. Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router Command Attributes 3-116 • VLAN ID – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094). • Multicast Router List – Multicast routers dynamically discovered by this switch or those that are statically assigned to an interface on this switch. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click IGMP, Multicast Router Port Information. Select the required VLAN ID from the scrolldown list to display the associated multicast routers. CLI – This example shows that Port 11 has been statically configured as a port attached to a multicast router. Console#show ip igmp snooping mrouter vlan 1 VLAN M'cast Router Port Type ---- ------------------ ------1 Eth 1/11 Static 4-164 Specifying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router Depending on your network connections, IGMP snooping may not always be able to locate the IGMP querier. Therefore, if the IGMP querier is a known multicast router/switch connected over the network to an interface (port or trunk) on your switch, you can manually configure that interface to join all the current multicast groups. This can ensure that multicast traffic is passed to all the appropriate interfaces within the switch. Command Attributes • Interface – Activates the Port or Trunk scroll down list. • VLAN ID – Selects the VLAN to propagate all multicast traffic coming from the attached multicast router/switch. • Port or Trunk – Specifies the interface attached to a multicast router. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-117 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Web – Click IGMP, Static Multicast Router Port Configuration. Specify the interfaces attached to a multicast router, indicate the VLAN which will forward all the corresponding multicast traffic, and then click Add. After you have completed adding interfaces to the list, click Apply. CLI – This example configures port 11 as a multicast router port within VLAN 1. Console(config)#ip igmp snooping vlan 1 mrouter ethernet 1/11 4-163 Console(config)#exit Console#show ip igmp snooping mrouter vlan 1 4-164 VLAN M'cast Router Port Type ---- ------------------ ------1 Eth 1/11 Static Displaying Port Members of Multicast Services You can display the port members associated with a specified VLAN and multicast IP address. Command Attributes • VLAN ID – Selects the VLAN in which to display port members. • Multicast IP Address – The IP address for a specific multicast service • Multicast Group Port List – Ports propagating a multicast service; i.e., ports that belong to the indicated VLAN group. Web – Click IGMP, IP Multicast Registration Table. Select the VLAN ID and multicast IP address. The switch will display all the ports that are propagating this multicast service. 3-118 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch CLI – This example displays all the known multicast services supported on VLAN 1, along with the ports propagating the corresponding services. The type field shows if this entry was learned dynamically or was statically configured. Console#show mac-address-table multicast vlan 1 VLAN M'cast IP addr. Member ports Type ---- -------- ------------------ ------1 224.0.0.12 Eth1/12 USER 1 224.1.2.3 Eth1/12 IGMP Console# 4-160 Adding Multicast Addresses to VLANs Multicast filtering can be dynamically configured using IGMP Snooping and IGMP Query messages as described in “Configuring IGMP Parameters” on page 3-115. For certain application that require tighter control, you may need to statically configure a multicast service on the switch. First add all the ports attached to participating hosts to a common VLAN, and then assign the multicast service to that VLAN group. Command Usage • Static multicast addresses are never aged out. • When a multicast address is assigned to specific VLAN, the corresponding traffic can only be forwarded to ports within that VLAN. Command Attributes • Interface – Activates the Port or Trunk scroll down list. • VLAN ID – Selects the VLAN to propagate all multicast traffic coming from the attached multicast router/switch. • Multicast IP – The IP address for a specific multicast service • Port or Trunk – Specifies the interface attached to a multicast router. Web – Click IGMP, IGMP Member Port Table. Specify the interface attached to a multicast service (via an IGMP-enabled switch or multicast router), indicate the VLAN that will propagate the multicast service, specify the multicast IP address, and then click Add. After you have completed adding ports to the member list, click Apply. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-119 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – This example assigns a multicast address to VLAN 1, and then displays all the known multicast services supported on VLAN 1. Console(config)#ip igmp snooping vlan 1 static 224.0.0.12 ethernet 1/12 Console(config)#exit Console#show mac-address-table multicast vlan 1 VLAN M'cast IP addr. Member ports Type ---- ------------------------------1 224.0.0.12 Eth1/12 USER 1 224.1.2.3 Eth1/12 IGMP Console# 4-158 4-160 Showing Device Statistics You can display standard statistics on network traffic from the Interfaces Group and Ethernet-like MIBs, as well as a detailed breakdown of traffic based on the RMOM MIB. Interfaces and Ethernetlike statistics display errors on the traffic passing through each port. This information can be used to identify potential problems with the switch (such as a faulty port or unusually heavy loading). RMON statistics provide access to a broad range of statistics, including a total count of different frame types and sizes passing through each port. All values displayed have been accumulated since the last system reboot, and are shown as counts per second. Statistics are refreshed every 60 seconds by default. Note: RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management software. Statistical Values Parameter Description Interface Statistics 3-120 Received Octets The total number of octets received on the interface, including framing characters. Received Unicast Packets The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol. Received Multicast Packets The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)layer, which were addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer. Received Broadcast Packets The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)layer, which were addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer. Received Discarded Packets The number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. Received Unknown Packets The number of packets received via the interface which were discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol. Received Errors The number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. Transmit Octets The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including framing characters. Transmit Unicast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Parameter Description Transmit Multicast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted, and which were addressed to a multicast address at this sublayer, including those that were discarded or not sent. Transmit Broadcast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted, and which were addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer, including those that were discarded or not sent. Transmit Discarded Packets The number of outbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent their being transmitted. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. Transmit Errors The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of errors. Etherlike Statistics Alignment Errors The number of alignment errors (missynchronized data packets). Late Collisions The number of times that a collision is detected later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet. FCS Errors A count of frames received on a particular interface that are an integral number of octets in length but do not pass the FCS check. This count does not include frames received with frame-too-long or frame-too-short error. Excessive Collisions A count of frames for which transmission on a particular interface fails due to excessive collisions. This counter does not increment when the interface is operating in full-duplex mode. Single Collision Frames The number of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision. Internal MAC Transmit Errors A count of frames for which transmission on a particular interface fails due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error. Multiple Collision Frames A count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision. Carrier Sense Errors The number of times that the carrier sense condition was lost or never asserted when attempting to transmit a frame. SQE Test Errors A count of times that the SQE TEST ERROR message is generated by the PLS sublayer for a particular interface. Frames Too Long A count of frames received on a particular interface that exceed the maximum permitted frame size. Deferred Transmissions A count of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a particular interface is delayed because the medium was busy. Internal MAC Receive Errors A count of frames for which reception on a particular interface fails due to an internal MAC sublayer receive error. RMON Statistics Drop Events The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to lack of resources. Jabbers The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either an FCS or alignment error. Received Bytes Total number of bytes of data received on the network. This statistic can be used as a reasonable indication of Ethernet utilization. Collisions The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet segment. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-121 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide 3-122 Parameter Description Received Frames The total number of frames (bad, broadcast and multicast) received. Broadcast Frames The total number of good frames received that were directed to the broadcast address. Note that this does not include multicast packets. Multicast Frames The total number of good frames received that were directed to this multicast address. CRC/Alignment Errors The number of CRC/alignment errors (FCS or alignment errors). Undersize Frames The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets long (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed. Oversize Frames The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed. Fragments The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and had either an FCS or alignment error. 64 Bytes Frames The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets). 65-127 Byte Frames 128-255 Byte Frames 256-511 Byte Frames 512-1023 Byte Frames 1024-1518 Byte Frames 1519-1536 Byte Frames The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and transmitted where the number of octets fall within the specified range (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets). © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Configuring the Switch Web – Click Statistics, Port Statistics. Select the required interface, and then click Query. You can also use the Refresh button at the bottom of the page to update the screen. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 3-123 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide CLI – This example shows statistics for port 13. Console#show interfaces counters ethernet 1/13 Ethernet 1/13 Iftable stats: Octets input: 868453, Octets output: 3492122 Unicast input: 7315, Unitcast output: 6658 Discard input: 0, Discard output: 0 Error input: 0, Error output: 0 Unknown protos input: 0, QLen output: 0 Extended iftable stats: Multi-cast input: 0, Multi-cast output: 17027 Broadcast input: 231, Broadcast output: 7 Ether-like stats: Alignment errors: 0, FCS errors: 0 Single Collision frames: 0, Multiple collision frames: 0 SQE Test errors: 0, Deferred transmissions: 0 Late collisions: 0, Excessive collisions: 0 Internal mac transmit errors: 0, Internal mac receive errors: 0 Frame too longs: 0, Carrier sense errors: 0 Symbol errors: 0 RMON stats: Drop events: 0, Octets: 4422579, Packets: 31552 Broadcast pkts: 238, Multi-cast pkts: 17033 Undersize pkts: 0, Oversize pkts: 0 Fragments: 0, Jabbers: 0 CRC align errors: 0, Collisions: 0 Packet size <= 64 octets: 25568, Packet size 65 to 127 octets: 1616 Packet size 128 to 255 octets: 1249, Packet size 256 to 511 octets: 1449 Packet size 512 to 1023 octets: 802, Packet size 1024 to 1518 octets: 871 Console# 3-124 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-118 May 2004 Chapter 4 Command Line Interface This chapter describes how to use the Command Line Interface (CLI). Using the Command Line Interface Accessing the CLI When accessing the management interface for the switch over a direct connection to the server’s console port, or via a Telnet connection, the switch can be managed by entering command keywords and parameters at the prompt. Using the switch’s command-line interface (CLI) is very similar to entering commands on a UNIX system. Console Connection To access the switch through the console port, perform these steps: 1. At the console prompt, enter the user name and password. (The default user names are “admin” and “guest” with corresponding passwords of “admin” and “guest.”) When the administrator user name and password is entered, the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt and enters privileged access mode (i.e., Privileged Exec). But when the guest user name and password is entered, the CLI displays the “Console>” prompt and enters normal access mode (i.e., Normal Exec). 2. Enter the necessary commands to complete your desired tasks. 3. When finished, exit the session with the “quit” or “exit” command. After connecting to the system through the console port, the login screen displays: User Access Verification Username: admin Password: CLI session with the EdgeIron 4802CF is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit]. Console# Telnet Connection Telnet operates over the IP transport protocol. In this environment, your management station and any network device you want to manage over the network must have a valid IP address. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Each address consists of a May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide network portion and host portion. For example, the IP address assigned to this switch, 10.1.0.1, consists of a network portion (10.1.0) and a host portion (1). To access the switch through a Telnet session, you must first set the IP address for the switch, and set the default gateway if you are managing the switch from a different IP subnet. For example: Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 10.1.0.254 If your corporate network is connected to another network outside your office or to the Internet, you need to apply for a registered IP address. However, if you are attached to an isolated network, then you can use any IP address that matches the network segment to which you are attached. After you configure the switch with an IP address, you can open a Telnet session by performing these steps. 1. From the remote host, enter the Telnet command and the IP address of the device you want to access. 2. At the prompt, enter the user name and system password. The CLI will display the “Vty-0#” prompt for the administrator to show that you are using privileged access mode (i.e., Privileged Exec), or “Vty-0>” for the guest to show that you are using normal access mode (i.e., Normal Exec). 3. Enter the necessary commands to complete your desired tasks. 4. When finished, exit the session with the “quit” or “exit” command. After entering the Telnet command, the login screen displays: Username: admin Password: CLI session with the EdgeIron 4802CF is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit]. Vty-0# Note: You can open up to four sessions to the device via Telnet. Entering Commands This section describes how to enter CLI commands. Keywords and Arguments A CLI command is a series of keywords and arguments. Keywords identify a command, and arguments specify configuration parameters. For example, in the command “show interfaces status ethernet 1/5,” show interfaces and status are keywords, ethernet is an argument that specifies the interface type, and 1/5 specifies the unit/port. 4-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface You can enter commands as follows: • To enter a simple command, enter the command keyword. • To enter multiple commands, enter each command in the required order. For example, to enable Privileged Exec command mode, and display the startup configuration, enter: Console>enable Console#show startup-config • To enter commands that require parameters, enter the required parameters after the command keyword. For example, to set a password for the administrator, enter: Console(config)#username admin password 0 smith Minimum Abbreviation The CLI will accept a minimum number of characters that uniquely identify a command. For example, the command “configure” can be entered as con. If an entry is ambiguous, the system will prompt for further input. Command Completion If you terminate input with a Tab key, the CLI will print the remaining characters of a partial keyword up to the point of ambiguity. In the “configure” example, typing con followed by a tab will result in printing the command up to “configure.” Getting Help on Commands You can display a brief description of the help system by entering the help command. You can also display command syntax by using the “?” character to list keywords or parameters. Showing Commands If you enter a “?” at the command prompt, the system will display the first level of keywords for the current command class (Normal Exec or Privileged Exec) or configuration class (Global, Interface, May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-3 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Line, or VLAN Database). You can also display a list of valid keywords for a specific command. For example, the command “show ?” displays a list of possible show commands: Console#show ? access-group access-list bridge-ext calendar dot1x garp gvrp history interfaces ip lacp line logging mac mac-address-table management map marking port public-key pvlan queue radius-server running-config snmp sntp spanning-tree ssh startup-config system tacacs-server users version vlan Console#show Access groups Access lists Bridge extend information Date information Show 802.1x content Garp property Show gvrp information of interface history Information of history Information of interfaces IP information Show lacp statistic TTY line information Show the contents of logging buffers MAC access lists Set configuration of the address table Show management ip filter Map priority Specify marker Characteristics of the port Show information of public key Information of private VLAN Information of priority queue Radius server information The system configuration of running SNMP statistics SNTP Specify spanning-tree Secure shell The system configuration of starting up Information of system Login by tacacs server Display information about terminal lines System hardware and software status Switch VLAN Virtual Interface The command “show interfaces ?” will display the following information: Console>show interfaces ? counters Information of interfaces counters status Information of interfaces status switchport Information of interfaces switchport Partial Keyword Lookup If you terminate a partial keyword with a question mark, alternatives that match the initial letters are provided. (Remember not to leave a space between the command and question mark.) For example “s?” shows all the keywords starting with “s.” Console#show s? snmp sntp Console#show s spanning-tree ssh startup-config system Negating the Effect of Commands For many configuration commands you can enter the prefix keyword “no” to cancel the effect of a command or reset the configuration to the default value. For example, the logging command will log system messages to a host server. To disable logging, specify the no logging command. This guide describes the negation effect for all applicable commands. 4-4 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Using Command History The CLI maintains a history of commands that have been entered. You can scroll back through the history of commands by pressing the up arrow key. Any command displayed in the history list can be executed again, or first modified and then executed. Using the show history command displays a longer list of recently executed commands. Understanding Command Modes The command set is divided into Exec and Configuration classes. Exec commands generally display information on system status or clear statistical counters. Configuration commands, on the other hand, modify interface parameters or enable certain switching functions. These classes are further divided into different modes. Available commands depend on the selected mode. You can always enter a question mark “?” at the prompt to display a list of the commands available for the current mode. The command classes and associated modes are displayed in the following table: Class Mode Exec Normal Privileged Configuration* Global Interface Line VLAN * You must be in Privileged Exec mode to access any of the configuration modes. Exec Commands When you open a new console session on switch with the user name “guest,” the system enters Normal Exec command mode (or guest mode). Only a limited number of the commands are available in this mode. You can access all the commands only in Privileged Exec command mode (or administrator mode). To access Privilege Exec mode, open a new console session with the user name “admin,” or enter the enable command (followed by the privileged level password if so configured). The command prompt displays as “Console>” for Normal Exec mode and “Console#” for Privileged Exec mode. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-5 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide To enter Privileged Exec mode, enter the following commands and passwords: Username: admin Password: [system login password] CLI session with the EdgeIron 4802CF is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit]. Console# Username: guest Password: [system login password] CLI session with the EdgeIron 4802CF is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit]. Console#enable Password: [privileged level password if so configured] Console# Configuration Commands Configuration commands are privileged level commands used to modify switch settings. These commands modify the running configuration only and are not saved when the switch is rebooted. To store the running configuration in nonvolatile storage, use the copy running-config startup-config command. The configuration commands are organized into three different modes: • Global Configuration - These commands modify the system level configuration, and include commands such as hostname and snmp-server community. • Interface Configuration - These commands modify the port configuration such as speed-duplex and negotiation. • Line Configuration - These commands modify the console port configuration, and include command such as parity and databits. • VLAN Configuration - Includes the command to create VLAN groups. To enter the Global Configuration mode, enter the command configure in Privileged Exec mode. The system prompt will change to “Console(config)#” which gives you access privilege to all Global Configuration commands. Console#configure Console(config)# To enter Interface, Line Configuration, or VLAN mode, you must enter the “interface ...,” “line...” or “vlan database” command while in Global Configuration mode. The system prompt will change to “Console(config-if)#,” “Console(config-line)#” or Console(config-vlan)” indicating that you have access privileges to the associated commands. You can use the end command to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#line console Console(config-line)# 4-6 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Line Processing Commands are not case sensitive. You can abbreviate commands and parameters as long as they contain enough letters to differentiate them from any other currently available commands or parameters. You can use the Tab key to complete partial commands, or enter a partial command followed by the “?” character to display a list of possible matches. You can also use the following editing keystrokes for command-line processing: Keystroke Function Ctrl-A Shifts cursor to start of command line. Ctrl-B Shifts cursor to the left one character. Ctrl-E Shifts cursor to end of command line. Ctrl-F Shifts cursor to the right one character. Ctrl-P Shows the last command. Ctrl-U Deletes the entire line. Ctrl-W Deletes the last word typed. Delete key or backspace key Erases a mistake when entering a command. Command Groups The system commands can be broken down into the functional groups shown below. Command Group Description Page General Basic commands for entering privileged access mode, restarting the system, or quitting the CLI 4-8 Flash/File Manages code image or switch configuration files 4-13 System Management Controls system logs, system passwords, user name, browser management options, HTTPS, SSH 2.0, and a variety of other system information 4-18 SNTP Configures clock settings for SNTP and NTP clients. 4-51 Authentication Configures RADIUS and TACACS+ client-server authentication for logon access; also configures IEEE 802.1x port access control 4-56 ACL Provides filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, TCP/UDP port number or TCP control code) or non-IP frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type) 4-67 SNMP Activates authentication failure traps; configures community access strings, and trap managers 4-91 IP Configures the IP address and gateway for management access, displays the default gateway, or pings a specified device 4-96 Line Sets communication parameters for the serial port, including baud rate and console time-out. 4-101 Interface Configures the connection parameters for all Ethernet ports, aggregated links, and VLANs 4-108 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-7 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Group Description Page Address Table Configures the address table for filtering specified addresses, displaying current entries, clearing the table, or setting the aging time 4-121 Spanning Tree Configures spanning tree settings for the switch 4-124 VLAN Configures VLAN settings, and defines port membership for VLAN groups 4-140 PVLAN Enables or configures private VLANs 4-149 GVRP and Bridge Extension Configures GVRP settings that permit automatic VLAN learning; Shows the configuration for bridge extension MIB 4-153 IGMP Snooping Configures IGMP multicast filtering, querier eligibility, query parameters, and specifies ports attached to a multicast router 4-157 Priority Sets port priority for untagged frames, relative weight for each priority queue, also sets priority for IP precedence and DSCP 4-164 Mirror Port Mirrors data to another port for analysis without affecting the data passing through or the performance of the monitored port 4-175 Port Trunking and LACP Statically groups multiple ports into a single logical trunk; configures Link Aggregation Control Protocol for port trunks 4-177 Rate Limiting Controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on a port 4-186 Note that the access mode shown in the following tables is indicated by these abbreviations: NE (Normal Exec) PE (Privileged Exec) GC (Global Configuration) IC (Interface Configuration) LC (Line Configuration) VC (VLAN Database Configuration) General Commands 4-8 Command Function Mode Page enable Activates privileged mode NE 4-9 disable Returns to normal mode from privileged mode PE 4-9 configure Activates global configuration mode PE 4-10 reload Restarts the system PE 4-11 prompt Customizes the CLI prompt GC 4-12 end Returns to Privileged Exec mode GC, IC, LC, VC 4-12 exit Returns to the previous configuration mode, or exits the CLI any 4-12 quit Exits a CLI session NE, PE 4-13 help Shows how to use help any NA ? Shows options for command completion (context sensitive) any NA © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface enable Use this command to activate Privileged Exec mode. In privileged mode, additional commands are available, and certain commands display additional information. See “Understanding Command Modes” on page 4-5. Syntax enable [level] level - Privilege level to log into the device. The device has two predefined privilege levels: 0: Normal Exec, 15: Privileged Exec. Enter level 15 to access Privileged Exec mode. Default Setting Level 15 Command Mode Normal Exec Command Usage • “super” is the default password required to change the command mode from Normal Exec to Privileged Exec. (To set this password, see the enable password command on page 4-21.) • The “#” character is appended to the end of the prompt to indicate that the system is in privileged access mode. • You only need to use Level 15. Setting the password for Level 0 has no effect. • You cannot set a null password with the enable password command. You will have to enter a password to access the Privileged Exec mode. Example Console#enable Console# Related Commands disable enable password (4-21) disable Use this command to return to Normal Exec mode from privileged mode. In normal access mode, you can only display basic information on the switch's configuration or Ethernet statistics. To gain access to all commands, you must use the privileged mode. See “Understanding Command Modes” on page 4-5. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage The “>” character is appended to the end of the prompt to indicate that the system is in normal access mode. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-9 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console#disable Console> Related Commands enable (4-9) configure Use this command to activate Global Configuration mode. You must enter this mode to modify any settings on the switch. You must also enter Global Configuration mode prior to enabling some of the other configuration modes, including Interface Configuration, Line Configuration, and VLAN Database Configuration. See “Understanding Command Modes” on page 4-5. Syntax configure [terminal] • terminal - Specifies where the commands come in. Typing terminal is optional for compatibility with existing BigIron command line syntax. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#configure Console(config)# Related Commands end (4-12) show history Use this command to show the contents of the command history buffer. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage The history buffer size is fixed at 20 commands. 4-10 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example In this example, the show history command lists the contents of the command history buffer: Console#show history Exection command history: 3 sh logging flash 2 sh interfaces 1 sh history Configuration command history: 4 interface vlan 1 3 exit 2 interface vlan 1 1 end Console# The ! command repeats commands from the Execution command history buffer when you are in Normal Exec or Privileged Exec Mode, and commands from the Configuration command history buffer when you are in any of the configuration modes. In this example, the !2 command repeats the second command in the Execution history buffer (config). Console#!2 Console#config Console(config)# reload Use this command to restart the system. Note: When the system is restarted, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test. It will also retain all configuration information stored in non-volatile memory by the copy running-config startup-config command. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage This command resets the entire system. Example This example shows how to reset the switch: Console#reload System will be restarted, continue <y/n>? y May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-11 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide prompt Use this command to customize the CLI prompt. Use the no form to revert to the default prompt. Syntax prompt string no prompt string - Any alphanumeric string to use for the command prompt. (Maximum length: 255 characters) Default Setting Console Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#prompt EIF2402CF EIF2402CF(config)# end Use this command to return to Privileged Exec mode. Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration, Interface Configuration, Line Configuration, VLAN Database Configuration Example This example shows how to return to the Privileged Exec mode from the Interface Configuration mode: Console(config-if)#end Console# exit Use this command to return to the previous configuration mode or exit the configuration program. Default Setting None Command Mode Any 4-12 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example This example shows how to return to the Privileged Exec mode from the Global Configuration mode, and then quit the CLI session: Console(config)#exit Console#exit Press ENTER to start session User Access Verification Username: quit Use this command to exit the configuration program. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage The quit and exit commands can both exit the configuration program. Example This example shows how to quit a CLI session: Console#quit Press ENTER to start session User Access Verification Username: Flash/File Commands These commands are used to manage system code and configuration files. Command Function Mode Page copy Copies a code image or a switch configuration to or from flash memory or a TFTP server PE 4-14 delete Deletes a file or code image PE 4-15 dir Displays a list of files in flash memory PE 4-16 whichboot Displays the files booted PE 4-16 boot system Specifies the file or image used to start up the system GC 4-17 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-13 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide copy Use this command to move (upload/download) a code image or configuration file between the switch’s flash memory and a TFTP server. When you save the system code or configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server, that file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore system operation. The success of the file transfer depends on the accessibility of the TFTP server and the quality of the network connection. Syntax copy copy copy copy file {file | running-config | startup-config | tftp} running-config {file | startup-config | tftp} startup-config {file | running-config | tftp} tftp {file | running-config | startup-config | https-certificate} • file - Keyword that allows you to copy to/from a file. • running-config - Keyword that allows you to copy to/from the current running configuration. • startup-config - The configuration used for system initialization. • tftp - Keyword that allows you to copy to/from a TFTP server. • https-certificate - Copies an HTTPS certificate from an TFTP server to the switch. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • The system prompts for data required to complete the copy command. • File names are case-sensitive, should not contain slashes (\ or /), the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”) • The number of user-defined configuration files is limited only by available flash memory space. • You can use “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” as the source to copy from the factory default configuration file, but you cannot use “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” as the destination. • To replace the startup configuration, you must use startup-config as the destination. • The Boot ROM image cannot be uploaded or downloaded from the TFTP server. You must use a direct console connection and access the download menu during a boot up to download the Boot ROM (or diagnostic) image. See “Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port” on page C-1 for more details. Example The following example shows how to upload the configuration settings to a file on the TFTP server: Console#copy file tftp Choose file type: 1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 1 Source file name: startup TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.99 Destination file name: startup.01 / Console# 4-14 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface The following example shows how to copy the running configuration to a startup file. Console#copy running-config file destination file name : startup / Console# The following example shows how to download a configuration file: Console#copy tftp startup-config TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.99 Source configuration file name: startup.01 Startup configuration file name [startup]: / Console# The following example shows how to copy a secure-site certificate from an TFTP server. It then reboots the switch to activate the certificate:: Console#copy tftp https-certificate TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.19 Source certificate file name: SS-certificate Source private file name: SS-private Private password: ******** Success. Console#reload System will be restarted, continue <y/n>? y delete Use this command to delete a file or image. Syntax delete filename filename - Name of the configuration file or image name. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • If the file type is used for system startup, then this file cannot be deleted. • “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” cannot be deleted. Example This example shows how to delete the test2.cfg configuration file from flash memory. Console#delete test2.cfg Console# Related Commands dir (4-16) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-15 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide dir Use this command to display a list of files in flash memory. Syntax dir [boot-rom | config | opcode [:filename]] The type of file or image to display includes: • boot-rom - Boot ROM (or diagnostic) image file • config - Switch configuration file • opcode - Run-time operation code image file. • filename - Name of the file or image. If this file exists but contains errors, information on this file cannot be shown. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • If you enter the command dir without any parameters, the system displays all files. • File information is shown below: Column Heading Description file name The name of the file. file type File types: Boot-Rom, Operation Code, and Config file. startup Shows if this file is used when the system is started. size The length of the file in bytes. Example The following example shows how to display all file information: Console#dir file name file type startup size (byte) -------------------------------- -------------- ------- ----------FoundryDiag2.0.2.4 Boot-Rom image Y 816112 FoundryRuntime2.2.4.11 Operation Code Y 2213756 Factory_Default_Config.cfg Config File N 374 set-ip Config File Y 2867 startup Config File Y 3847 ------------------------------------------------------------------Total free space: 4063232 Console# whichboot Use this command to display which files booted. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec 4-16 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example This example shows the information displayed by the whichboot command. See the table on the previous page for a description of the file information displayed by this command. Console#whichboot file name file type startup size (byte) -------------------------------- -------------- ------- ----------Unit1: FoundryDiag2.0.2.4 Boot-Rom image Y 816112 FoundryRuntime2.2.4.11 Operation Code Y 2213756 set-ip Config File Y 2867 Console# boot system Use this command to specify the file or image used to start up the system. Syntax boot system {boot-rom| config | opcode}: filename The type of file or image to set as a default includes: • boot-rom - Boot ROM • config - Configuration file • opcode - Run-time operation code The colon (:) is required. filename - Name of the configuration file or image name. Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • A colon (:) is required after the specified file type. • If the file contains an error, it cannot be set as the default file. Example Console(config)#boot system config: startup Console(config)# Related Commands dir (4-16) whichboot (4-16) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-17 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide System Management Commands These commands are used to control system logs, passwords, user name, browser configuration options, and display or configure a variety of other system information. Command Function Mode Page Specifies or modifies the host name for the device GC 4-20 username Sets user name authentication at login GC 4-20 enable password Sets a password to control access to various privilege levels GC 4-21 management Configures IP addresses that are allowed management access GC 4-22 show management Displays the client IP addresses that are allowed PE management access to the switch through various protocols. 4-23 calendar set Set the system date and time PE 4-55 show calendar Display the current date and time setting NE, PE 4-55 Allows jumbo frames to pass through the switch GC 4-23 Displays the unit ID of a switch using its front-panel LED indicators NE, PE 4-24 ip http port Specifies the port to be used by the Web browser interface GC 4-24 ip http server Allows the switch to be monitored or configured from a browser GC 4-25 ip http secure-server Enables the HTTPS server on the switch GC 4-25 ip http secure-port Specifies the UDP port number used for HTTPS connection to the switch’s Web interface GC 4-26 ip ssh server Enables the SSH 2.0 server on the switch GC 4-35 calendar set Sets the system clock PE 4-55 ip ssh Specifies the authentication timeout for the SSH server and the number of retries allowed by a client GC 4-35 disconnect ssh Terminates an SSH connection PE 4-36 show ip ssh Displays the status of the SSH server and the configured values for authentication timeout and retries PE 4-37 show calendar Displays the system clock PE 4-55 ip ssh server Enables the SSH server on the switch GC 4-35 Device Description Command hostname User Access Commands IP Filter Commands Time Commands Jumbo Frame Command jumbo frame Unit ID Command light unit Web Server Commands Secure Shell Commands 4-18 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Function Mode Page ip ssh timeout Specifies the authentication timeout for the SSH server GC 4-29 ip ssh authenticationretries Specifies the number of retries allowed by a client GC 4-30 ip ssh server-key size Sets the SSH server key size GC 4-30 copy tftp public-key Copies the user’s public key from a TFTP server to the switch PE 4-14 delete public-key Deletes the public key for the specified user PE 4-31 ip ssh crypto host-key generate Generates the host key PE 4-31 ip ssh crypto zeroize Clear the host key from RAM PE 4-32 ip ssh save host-key Saves the host key from RAM to flash memory PE 4-32 disconnect ssh Terminates a line connection PE 4-36 show ip ssh Displays the status of the SSH server and the configured values for authentication timeout and retries PE 4-33 show ssh Displays the status of current SSH sessions PE 4-36 show public-key Shows the public key for the specified user or for the host PE 4-34 show users Shows SSH users, including privilege level and public key type PE 4-47 logging on Controls logging of error messages GC 4-37 logging history Limits syslog messages saved to memory based on severity GC 4-38 logging host Adds a syslog server host IP address that will receive logging messages GC 4-39 logging facility Sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages GC 4-39 logging trap Limits syslog messages saved to a remote server based on severity GC 4-40 clear logging Clears messages from the logging buffer PE 4-41 show log Displays the contents of the log buffer PE 4-41 show logging Displays the state of logging PE 4-42 show startup-config Displays the contents of the configuration file (stored in flash memory) that is used to start up the system PE 4-43 show running-config Displays the configuration data currently in use PE 4-44 show system Displays system information NE, PE 4-46 show users Shows all active console and Telnet sessions, including user name, idle time, and IP address of Telnet client NE, PE 4-47 show version Displays version information for the system NE, PE 4-48 Event Logging Commands System Status Commands May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-19 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide hostname Use this command to specify or modify the host name for this device. Use the no form to restore the default host name. Syntax hostname name no hostname name - The name of this host. (Maximum length: 255 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#hostname EdgeIron 4802CF Console(config)# username Use this command to require user name authentication at login. Use the no form to remove a user name. Syntax username name {access-level level | nopassword | password {0 | 7} password} no username name • name - The name of the user. Up to 8 characters, case sensitive. Maximum number of users: 16 • access-level level - Specifies the user level. • The device has two predefined privilege levels: 0: Normal Exec, 15: Privileged Exec. • nopassword - No password is required for this user to log in. • {0 | 7} - 0 means plain password, 7 means encrypted password. • password password - The authentication password for the user. (Maximum length: 8 characters plain text, 32 encrypted, case sensitive) Default Setting • The default access level is Normal Exec. • The factory defaults for the user names and passwords are: username access-level password guest admin 0 15 guest admin Command Mode Global Configuration 4-20 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage The encrypted password is required for compatiblity with legacy password settings (i.e., plain text or encrypted) when reading the configuration file during system bootup or when downloading the configuration file from a TFTP server. There is no need for you to manually configure encrypted passwords. Example This example shows how the set the access level and password for a user. Console(config)#username bob access-level 15 Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith Console(config)# enable password After initially logging onto the system, you should set the administrator (Privileged Exec) and guest (Normal Exec) passwords. Remember to record them in a safe place. Use the enable password command to set the password for access to the Privileged Exec level from the Normal Exec level. Use the no form to reset the default password. Syntax enable password [level level] {0 | 7} password no enable password [level level] • level level - Level for which the password applies. • The device has two predefined privilege levels: 0: Normal Exec, 15: Privileged Exec. Only level 15 is valid for this command. • {0 | 7} - 0 means plain password, 7 means encrypted password. • password - password for this privilege level. Default Setting This default password is “super” Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The encrypted password is required for compatiblity with legacy password settings (i.e., plain text or encrypted) when reading the configuration file during system bootup or when downloading the configuration file from a TFTP server. There is no need for you to manually configure encrypted passwords. Example Console(config)#enable password level 15 0 admin Console(config)# Related Commands enable (4-9) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-21 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide management This command specifies the client IP addresses that are allowed management access to the switch through various protocols. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax [no] management {all-client | http-client | snmp-client | telnet-client} start-address [endaddress] • all-client - Adds IP address(es) to the SNMP, web and Telnet groups. • http-client - Adds IP address(es) to the web group. • snmp-client - Adds IP address(es) to the SNMP group. • telnet-client - Adds IP address(es) to the Telnet group. • start-address - A single IP address, or the starting address of a range. • end-address - The end address of a range. Default Setting All addresses Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • If anyone tries to access a management interface on the switch from an invalid address, the switch will reject the connection, enter an event message in the system log, and send a trap message to the trap manager. • IP address can be configured for SNMP, web and Telnet access respectively. Each of these groups can include up to five different sets of addresses, either individual addresses or address ranges. • When entering addresses for the same group (i.e., SNMP, web or Telnet), the switch will not accept overlapping address ranges. When entering addresses for different groups, the switch will accept overlapping address ranges. • You cannot delete an individual address from a specified range. You must delete the entire range, and reenter the addresses. • You can delete an address range just by specifying the start address, or by specifying both the start address and end address. Example This example restricts management access to the indicated addresses. Console(config)#management all-client 192.168.1.19 Console(config)#management all-client 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 Console# 4-22 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface show management This command displays the client IP addresses that are allowed management access to the switch through various protocols. Syntax show management {all-client | http-client | snmp-client | telnet-client} • all-client - Adds IP address(es) to the SNMP, web and Telnet groups. • http-client - Adds IP address(es) to the web group. • snmp-client - Adds IP address(es) to the SNMP group. • telnet-client - Adds IP address(es) to the Telnet group. Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console#show management all-client Management Ip Filter Http-Client: Start ip address End ip address ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.19 192.168.1.19 2. 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 Snmp-Client: Start ip address End ip address ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.19 192.168.1.19 2. 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 Telnet-Client: Start ip address End ip address ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.19 192.168.1.19 2. 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 Console# jumbo frame Use this command to enable jumbo frames through the switch. Use the no form to disable jumbo frames. Syntax jumbo frame no jumbo frame Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • This switch provides more efficient throughput for large sequential data transfers by supporting jumbo frames up to 9000 bytes. Compared to standard Ethernet frames that run only up to 1.5 KB, using jumbo frames significantly reduces the per-packet overhead required to process protocol encapsulation fields. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-23 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • To use jumbo frames, both the source and destination end nodes (such as a computer or server) must support this feature. Also, when the connection is operating at full duplex, all switches in the network between the two end nodes must be able to accept the extended frame size. And for halfduplex connections, all devices in the collision domain would need to support jumbo frames. • Enabling jumbo frames will limit the maximum threshold for broadcast storm control to 64 packets per second. (See the “broadcast” command on page 4-114.) Example Console(config)#jumbo frame Console(config)# light unit Use this command to display the unit ID of a switch using its front-panel LED indicators. Syntax light unit [unit] • unit - specifies a unit in a switch stack to light the panel LEDs Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage • The unit ID is displayed using the port status LED indicators for ports 1 to 8. When the light unit command is entered, the LED corresponding to the switch’s ID will flash for about 15 seconds. Note: This feature is only supported on the EdgeIron 2402CF. Example Console#light unit 1 Console# ip http port Use this command to specify the TCP port number used by the Web browser interface. Use the no form to use the default port. Syntax ip http port port-number no ip http port port-number - The TCP port to be used by the browser interface. (Range: 1-65535) Default Setting 80 Command Mode Global Configuration 4-24 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console(config)#ip http port 769 Console(config)# Related Commands ip http server ip http server Use this command to allow this device to be monitored or configured from a browser. Use the no form to disable this function. Syntax ip http server no ip http server Default Setting Enabled Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#ip http server Console(config)# Related Commands ip http port (4-24) ip http secure-server Use this command to enable the secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an encrypted connection) to the switch’s Web interface. Use the no form to disable this function. Syntax ip http secure-server no ip http secure-server Default Setting Enabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • Both HTTP and HTTPS service can be enabled independently. • If you enable HTTPS, you must indicate this in the URL: https://device[port_number] May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-25 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • When you start HTTPS, the connection is established in this way: - The client authenticates the server using the server’s digital certificate. - The client and server negotiate a set of security protocols to use for the connection. - The client and server generate session keys for encrypting and decrypting data. • The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection. A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.x and Netscape Navigator 4.x. • The following Web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS: Web Browser Operating System Internet Explorer 5.0 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a), Windows 2000 Netscape Navigator 4.76 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a), Windows 2000, Solaris 2.6 Example Console(config)#ip http secure-server Console(config)# Related Commands ip http secure-port (4-26) copy tftp https-certificate (4-14) ip http secure-port Use this command to specify the UDP port number used for HTTPS/SSL connection to the switch’s Web interface. Use the no form to restore the default port. Syntax ip http secure-port port_number no ip http secure-port • port_number – The UDP port used for HTTPS/SSL. (Range: 1-65535) Default Setting 443 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • You cannot configure the HTTP and HTTPS servers to use the same port. • If you change the HTTPS port number, clients attempting to connect to the HTTPS server must specify the port number in the URL, in this format: https://device:port_number 4-26 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console(config)#ip http secure-port 1000 Console(config)# Related Commands ip http secure-server (4-25) Secure Shell Commands The Berkley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows and other environments. These tools, including commands such as rlogin (remote login), rsh (remote shell), and rcp (remote copy), are not secure from hostile attacks. The Secure Shell (SSH 2.0) includes server/client applications intended as a secure replacement for the older Berkley remote access tools. SSH 2.0 can also provide remote management access to this switch as a secure replacement for Telnet. When a client contacts the switch via the SSH protocol, the switch uses a public-key that the client must match along with a local user name and password for access authentication. SSH also encrypts all data transfers passing between the switch and SSH-enabled management station clients, and ensures that data traveling over the network arrives unaltered. This section describes the commands used to configure the SSH 2.0 server. However, note that you also need to install a SSH client on the management station when using this protocol to configure the switch. Note: The switch supports SSH Version 2.0. The SSH server on this switch supports both password and public key authentication. If password authentication is specified by the SSH client, then the password can be authenticated either locally or via a RADIUS or TACACS+ remote authentication server, as specified by the authentication login command on page 4-57. If public key authentication is specified by the client, then you must configure authentication keys on both the client and the switch as described in the following section. Note that regardless of whether you use public key or password authentication, you still have to generate authentication keys on the switch and enable the SSH 2.0 server. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-27 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide To use the SSH server, complete these steps: 1. Generate a Host Key Pair – Use the ip ssh crypto host-key generate command to create a host public/private key pair. 2. Provide Host Public Key to Clients – Many SSH client programs automatically import the host public key during the initial connection setup with the switch. Otherwise, you need to manually create a known hosts file on the management station and place the host public key in it. An entry for a public key in the known hosts file would appear similar to the following example: 10.1.0.54 1024 35 15684995401867669259333946775054617325313674890836547254 15020245593199868544358361651999923329781766065830956 10825913212890233 76546801726272571413428762941301196195566782 59566410486957427888146206 51941746772984865468615717739390164779355942303577413098022737087794545240839717526463580581767167095 74804776117 3. Import Client’s Public Key to the Switch – Use the copy tftp public-key command to copy a file containing the public key for all the SSH client’s granted management access to the switch. (Note that these clients must be configured locally on the switch with the username command as described on page 4-20.) The clients are subsequently authenticated using these keys. The current firmware only accepts public key files based on standard UNIX format as shown in the following example: 1024 35 1341081685609893921040944920155425347631641921872958921143173880 055536161631051775940838686311092912322268285192543746031009371877211996963178136627741416898513204911 720483033925432410163799759237144901193800609025394840848271781943722884025331159521348610229029789827 21353267131629432532818915045306393916643 [email protected] 4. Set the Optional Parameters – Set other optional parameters, including the authentication timeout, the number of retries, and the server key size. 5. Enable SSH Service – Use the ip ssh server command to enable the SSH server on the switch. 6. Configure Challenge-Response Authentication – When an SSH client attempts to contact the switch, the SSH server uses the host key pair to negotiate a session key and encryption method. Only clients that have a private key corresponding to the public keys stored on the switch can gain access. The following exchanges take place during this process: a. The client sends its public key to the switch. b. The switch compares the client's public key to those stored in memory. c. If a match is found, the switch uses the public key to encrypt a random sequence of bytes, and sends this string to the client. d. The client uses its private key to decrypt the bytes, and sends the decrypted bytes back to the switch. e. The switch compares the decrypted bytes to the original bytes it sent. If the two sets match, this means that the client's private key corresponds to an authorized public key, and the client is authenticated. 4-28 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Note: To use SSH 2.0 with only password authentication, the host public key must still be given to the client, either during initial connection or manually entered into the known host file. However, you do not need to configure the client’s keys. ip ssh server Use this command to enable the Secure Shell (SSH 2.0) server on this switch. Use the no form to disable this service. Syntax ip ssh server no ip ssh server Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The SSH server supports up to four client sessions. The maximum number of client sessions includes both current Telnet sessions and SSH sessions. • The SSH server uses DSA or RSA for key exchange when the client first establishes a connection with the switch, and then negotiates with the client to select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption. • You must generate the host key before enabling the SSH 2.0 server. Example Console#ip ssh crypto host-key generate dsa Console#configure Console(config)#ip ssh server Console(config)# Related Commands ip ssh crypto host-key generate (4-31) show ssh (4-36) ip ssh timeout Use this command to configure the timeout for the SSH 2.0 server. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax ip ssh timeout seconds no ip ssh timeout seconds – The timeout for client response during SSH negotiation. (Range: 1-120) Default Setting 10 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-29 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Usage The timeout specifies the interval the switch will wait for a response from the client during the SSH negotiation phase. Once an SSH session has been established, the timeout for user input is controlled by the exec-timeout command for vty sessions. Example Console(config)#ip ssh timeout 60 Console(config)# Related Commands exec-timeout (4-103) show ip ssh (4-37) ip ssh authentication-retries Use this command to configure the number of times the SSH 2.0 server attempts to reauthenticate a user. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax ip ssh authentication-retries count no ip ssh authentication-retries count – The number of authentication attempts permitted after which the interface is reset. (Range: 1-5) Default Setting 3 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#ip ssh authentication-retires 2 Console(config)# Related Commands show ip ssh (4-37) ip ssh server-key size Use this command to set the SSH 2.0 server key size. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax ip ssh server-key size key-size no ip ssh server-key size key-size – The size of server key. (Range: 512-896 bits) Default Setting 768 bits Command Mode Global Configuration 4-30 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage • The server key is a private key that is never shared outside the switch. • The host key is shared with the SSH 2.0 client, and is fixed at 1024 bits. Example Console(config)#ip ssh server-key size 512 Console(config)# delete public-key Use this command to delete the specified user’s public key. Syntax delete public-key username [dsa | rsa] • username – Name of an SSH user. (Range: 1-8 characters) • dsa – DSA public key type. • rsa – RSA public key type. Default Setting Deletes both the DSA and RSA key. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#delete public-key admin dsa Console# ip ssh crypto host-key generate Use this command to generate the host key pair (i.e., public and private). Syntax ip ssh crypto host-key generate [dsa | rsa] • dsa – DSA key type. • rsa – RSA key type. Default Setting Generates both the DSA and RSA key pairs. Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • This command stores the host key pair in memory (i.e., RAM). Use the ip ssh save host-key command to save the host key pair to flash memory. • Some SSH 2.0 client programs automatically add the public key to the known hosts file as part of the configuration process. Otherwise, you must manually create a known hosts file and place the host public key in it. • The SSH 2.0 server uses this host key to negotiate a session key and encryption method with the client trying to connect to it. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-31 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console#ip ssh crypto host-key generate dsa Console# Related Commands ip ssh crypto zeroize (4-32) ip ssh save host-key (4-32) ip ssh crypto zeroize Use this command to clear the host key from memory (i.e. RAM). Syntax ip ssh crypto zeroize [dsa | rsa] • dsa – DSA key type. • rsa – RSA key type. Default Setting Clears both the DSA and RSA key. Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • This command clears the host key from volatile memory (RAM). Use the no ip ssh save hostkey command to clear the host key from flash memory. • The SSH 2.0 server must be disabled before you can execute this command. Example Console#ip ssh crypto zeroize dsa Console# Related Commands ip ssh crypto host-key generate (4-31) ip ssh save host-key (4-32) no ip ssh server (4-35) ip ssh save host-key Use this command to save host key from RAM to flash memory. Syntax ip ssh save host-key [dsa | rsa] • dsa – DSA key type. • rsa – RSA key type. Default Setting Saves both the DSA and RSA key. Command Mode Privileged Exec 4-32 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console#ip ssh save host-key dsa Console# Related Commands ip ssh crypto host-key generate (4-31) show ip ssh Use this command to display the connection settings used when authenticating client access to the SSH 2.0 server. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ip ssh SSH Enabled - version 1.99 Negotiation timeout: 120 secs; Authentication retries: 3 Server key size: 768 bits Console# show ssh Use this command to display the current SSH 2.0 server connections. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ssh Connection Version State 0 2.0 Session-Started Username Encryption admin ctos aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 stoc aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 Console# Field Description Session The session number. (Range: 0-3) Version The Secure Shell version number. State The authentication negotiation state. (Values: Negotiation-Started, Authentication-Started, Session-Started) Username May 2004 The user name of the client. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-33 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Field Description Encryption The encryption method is automatically negotiated between the client and server. Options for SSHv2.0 can include different algorithms for the client-to-server (ctos) and server-to-client (stoc): aes128-cbc-hmac-sha1 aes192-cbc-hmac-sha1 aes256-cbc-hmac-sha1 3des-cbc-hmac-sha1 blowfish-cbc-hmac-sha1 aes128-cbc-hmac-md5 aes192-cbc-hmac-md5 aes256-cbc-hmac-md5 3des-cbc-hmac-md5 blowfish-cbc-hmac-md5 Terminology: DES – Data Encryption Standard (56-bit key) 3DES – Triple-DES (Uses three iterations of DES, 112-bit key) aes – Advanced Encryption Standard (160 or 224-bit key) blowfish – Blowfish (32-448 bit key) cbc – cypher-block chaining sha1 – Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (160-bit hashes) md5 – Message Digest algorithm number 5 (128-bit hashes) show public-key Use this command to show the public key for the specified user or for the host. Syntax show public-key [user [username]| host] username – Name of an SSH user. (Range: 1-8 characters) Default Setting Shows all public keys. Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • If no parameters are entered, all keys are displayed. If the user keyword is entered, but no user name is specified, then the public keys for all users are displayed. • When an RSA key is displayed, the first field indicates the size of the host key (e.g., 1024), the second field is the encoded public exponent (e.g., 35), and the last string is the encoded modulus. When a DSA key is displayed, the first field indicates that the encryption method used by SSH is based on the Digital Signature Standard (DSS), and the last string is the encoded modulus. 4-34 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console#show public-key host Host: RSA: 1024 35 15684995401867669259333946775054617325313674890836547254150202455931998685443583616519 99923329781766065830958610825913212890233765468017262725714134287629413011961955667825 95664104869574278881462065194174677298486546861571773939016477935594230357741309802273 708779454524083971752646358058176716709574804776117 DSA: ssh-dss AAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAPWKZTPbsRIB8ydEXcxM3dyV/yrDbKStIlnzD/Dg0h2Hxc YV44sXZ2JXhamLK6P8bvuiyacWbUW/a4PAtp1KMSdqsKeh3hKoA3vRRSy1N2XFfAKxl5fwFfv JlPdOkFgzLGMinvSNYQwiQXbKTBH0Z4mUZpE85PWxDZMaCNBPjBrRAAAAFQChb4vsdfQGNIjwbvwrNLaQ77isi wAAAIEAsy5YWDC99ebYHNRj5kh47wY4i8cZvH+/p9cnrfwFTMU01VFDly3IR 2G395NLy5Qd7ZDxfA9mCOfT/yyEfbobMJZi8oGCstSNOxrZZVnMqWrTYfdrKX7YKBw/Kjw6Bm iFq7O+jAhf1Dg45loAc27s6TLdtny1wRq/ow2eTCD5nekAAACBAJ8rMccXTxHLFAczWS7EjOy DbsloBfPuSAb4oAsyjKXKVYNLQkTLZfcFRu41bS2KV5LAwecsigF/+DjKGWtPNIQqabKgYCw2 o/dVzX4Gg+yqdTlYmGA7fHGm8ARGeiG4ssFKy4Z6DmYPXFum1Yg0fhLwuHpOSKdxT3kk475S7 w0W Console# ip ssh Use this command to configure authentication control parameters for the Secure Shell (SSH 2.0) server on this switch. Use the no form to restore the default settings. Syntax ip ssh {[timeout seconds] | [authentication-retries count]} no ip ssh {[timeout] | [authentication-retries]} • seconds – The timeout for client response during SSH negotiation. (Range: 1-120) • count – The number of authentication attempts permitted after which the interface is reset. (Range: 1-5) Default Setting timeout: 120 seconds count: 3 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The timeout specifies the interval the switch will wait for a response from the client during the SSH negotiation phase. Once an SSH 2.0 session has been established, the timeout for user input is controlled by the exec-timeout command for vty sessions. Example Console(config)#ip ssh timeout 60 Console(config)#ip ssh authentication-retires 2 Console(config)# Related Commands show ip ssh (4-37) ip ssh server Use this command to enable the Secure Shell (SSH 2.0) server on this switch. Use the no form to disable this service. Syntax ip ssh server no ip ssh server May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-35 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The SSH 2.0 server supports up to four client sessions. The maximum number of client sessions includes both current Telnet sessions and SSH sessions. • The SSH 2.0 server uses RSA for key exchange when the client first establishes a connection with the switch, and then negotiates with the client to select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption. Example Console(config)#ip ssh server Console(config)# Related Commands show ssh (4-36) disconnect ssh Use this command to terminate a Secure Shell (SSH 2.0) client connection. Syntax disconnect ssh connection-id connection-id – The session identifier as displayed in the show ip ssh command. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#disconnect ssh 0 Console# Related Commands show ip ssh (4-37) show ssh Use this command to display the current Secure Shell (SSH 2.0) server connections. Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage This command shows the following information: • Session – The session number. (Range: 0-3) • Username – The user name of the client. • Version – The Secure Shell version number. 4-36 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface • Encrypt method – The encryption method. (Options: cipher-des, cipher-3des) • Negotiation state – The authentication negotiation state. Example Console#show ssh Information of secure shell Session Username Version Encrypt method Negotiation state ------- -------- ------- -------------- ----------------0 admin 2.0 cipher-3des session-started Console# show ip ssh Use this command to display the connection settings used when authenticating client access to the Secure Shell (SSH 2.0) server. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ip ssh Information of secure shell SSH status: enable SSH authentication timeout: 120 SSH authentication retries: 3 Console# Related Commands ip ssh (4-35) Event Logging Commands The system can be configured to send debug and error messages to a logging process. This logging process controls the type of error messages that are stored in switch memory or sent to a remote syslog server. logging on Use this command to control logging of error messages. This command sends debug or error messages to a logging process. The no form disables the logging process. Syntax logging on no logging on Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The logging process controls error messages saved to switch memory or sent to remote syslog servers. You can use the logging history command to control the type of error messages that are stored in memory. The logging trap command controls the type of error messages that are sent to specified syslog servers. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-37 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console(config)#logging on Console(config)# Related Commands logging history logging trap (4-40) clear logging (4-41) logging history Use this command to limit syslog messages saved to switch memory based on severity. The no form returns the logging of syslog messages to the default level. Syntax logging history {flash | ram} level no logging history {flash | ram} • flash - Event history stored in flash memory (i.e., permanent memory). • ram - Event history stored in temporary RAM (i.e., memory flushed on power reset). • level - One of the level arguments listed below. Messages sent include the selected level up through level 0. Level Argument Level* Description Syslog Definition emergencies 0 System unusable LOG_EMERG alerts 1 Immediate action needed LOG_ALERT critical 2 Critical conditions (e.g., memory allocation, or free memory error resource exhausted) LOG_CRIT errors 3 Error conditions (e.g., invalid input, default used) LOG_ERR warnings 4 Warning conditions (e.g., return false, unexpected return) LOG_WARNING notifications 5 Normal but significant condition, such as cold start LOG_NOTICE informational 6 Informational messages only LOG_INFO debugging 7 Debugging messages LOG_DEBUG * There are only Level 2, 5 and 6 error messages for the current firmware release. Default Setting Flash: errors (level 3 - 0) RAM: warnings (level 7 - 0) Command Mode Global Configuration 4-38 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage The message level specified for flash memory must be a higher priority (i.e., numerically lower) than that specified for RAM. Example Console(config)#logging history ram 0 Console(config)# logging host Use this command to add a syslog server host IP address that will receive logging messages. Use the no form to remove a syslog server host. Syntax logging host host_ip_address no logging host host_ip_address host_ip_address - The IP address of a syslog server. Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • By using this command more than once you can build up a list of host IP addresses. • The maximum number of host IP addresses allowed is five. Example Console(config)#logging host 10.1.0.3 Console(config)# logging facility Use this command to set the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages. Use the no form to return the type to the default. Syntax logging facility type no logging facility type type - A number that indicates the facility used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service. (Range: 16-23) Default Setting 23 Command Mode Global Configuration May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-39 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console(config)#logging facility 19 Console(config)# logging trap Use this command to limit syslog messages saved to a remote server based on severity. Use the no form to return the remote logging of syslog messages to the default level. Syntax logging trap level no logging trap level level - One of the level arguments listed below. Messages sent include the selected level up through level 0. Level Argument Level* Description Syslog Definition emergencies 0 System unusable LOG_EMERG alerts 1 Immediate action needed LOG_ALERT critical 2 Critical conditions (e.g., memory allocation, or free memory error resource exhausted) LOG_CRIT errors 3 Error conditions (e.g., invalid input, default used) LOG_ERR warnings 4 Warning conditions (e.g., return false, unexpected return) LOG_WARNING notifications 5 Normal but significant condition, such as cold start LOG_NOTICE informational 6 Informational messages only LOG_INFO debugging 7 Debugging messages LOG_DEBUG * There are only Level 2, 5 and 6 error messages for the current firmware release. Default Setting Level 3 - 0 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#logging trap 4 Console(config)# 4-40 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface clear logging Use this command to clear messages from the log buffer. Syntax clear logging [flash | ram] • flash - Event history stored in flash memory (i.e., permanent memory). • ram - Event history stored in temporary RAM (i.e., memory flushed on power reset). Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#clear logging Console# Related Commands show logging (4-42) show log This command displays the system and event messages stored in memory. Syntax show log {flash | ram} • flash - Event history stored in flash memory (i.e., permanent memory). • ram - Event history stored in temporary RAM (i.e., memory flushed on power reset). Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage This command shows the system and event messages stored in memory, including the time stamp, message level, program module, function, and event number. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-41 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example The following example shows sample messages stored in RAM. Console#show log ram [5] 00:01:06 2001-01-01 "STA root change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event no.: 1 [4] 00:01:00 2001-01-01 "STA root change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event no.: 1 [3] 00:00:54 2001-01-01 "STA root change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event no.: 1 [2] 00:00:50 2001-01-01 "STA topology change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event no.: 1 [1] 00:00:48 2001-01-01 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event no.: 1 Console#show log ram login "User(guest/Console) (0.0.0.0) (Dec 15 09:36:24 2003)" "User(admin/Console) (0.0.0.0) (Dec 15 09:36:01 2003)"# show logging Use this command to display the logging configuration for system and event messages. Syntax show logging {sendmail | flash | ram | trap} • sendmail - Displays settings for the SMTP event handler. • flash - Event history stored in flash memory (i.e., permanent memory). • ram - Event history stored in temporary RAM (i.e., memory flushed on power reset). • trap - Messages sent to remote syslog servers. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec 4-42 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console#show logging flash Syslog logging: Disable History logging in FLASH: level errors Console#show logging trap Syslog logging: Enable REMOTELOG status: enable REMOTELOG facility type: local use 3 REMOTELOG level type: Warning conditions REMOTELOG server ip address: 10.1.0.3 REMOTELOG server ip address: 10.1.0.4 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 Console#show logging ram Syslog logging: Enable History logging in RAM: level debugging [3] 0:0:41 1/1/1 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [2] 0:0:41 1/1/1 "STP topology change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [1] 0:0:12 1/1/1 "Unit 1, Port 5 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [0] 0:0:11 1/1/1 "System coldStart notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event Console# no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 System Status Commands Use the system status commands to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system. show startup-config Use this command to display the configuration file stored in non-volatile memory that is used to start up the system. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • Use this command in conjunction with the show running-config command to compare the information in running memory to the information stored in non-volatile memory. • This command displays settings for key command modes. Each mode group is separated by “!” symbols, and includes the configuration mode command, and corresponding commands. This command displays the following information: - SNMP community strings - Users (names and access levels) - VLAN database (VLAN ID, name and state) - VLAN configuration settings for each interface - IP address configured for VLANs - Spanning tree settings - Any configured settings for the console port and Telnet May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-43 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console#show startup-config building startup-config, please wait..... ! phymap 00-04-80-bd-47-4d ! sntp server 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ! snmp-server community private rw snmp-server community public ro ! username admin access-level 15 username admin password 7 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3 username guest access-level 0 username guest password 7 084e0343a0486ff05530df6c705c8bb4 enable password level 15 7 1b3231655cebb7a1f783eddf27d254ca ! ! vlan 1 by port ! ! spanning-tree mst configuration mst 1 vlan 1 mst 2 vlan 2 mst 3 vlan 3 mst 4 vlan 4 . . . . mst 64 vlan 64 ! interface ethernet 1/1 switchport allowed vlan add 1 untagged switchport native vlan 1 . . . . interface ethernet 1/24 switchport allowed vlan add 1 untagged switchport native vlan 1 ! interface vlan 1 ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! ! !no map ip precedence no map ip dscp ! ! line console ! ! line vty ! ! end Console# Related Commands show running-config (4-44) show running-config Use this command to display the configuration information currently in use. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec 4-44 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage • Use this command in conjunction with the show startup-config command to compare the information in running memory to the information stored in non-volatile memory. • This command displays settings for key command modes. Each mode group is separated by “!” symbols, and includes the configuration mode command, and corresponding commands. This command displays the following information: - SNMP community strings - Users (names, access levels, and encrypted passwords) - VLAN database (VLAN ID, name and state) - VLAN configuration settings for each interface - IP address configured for VLANs - Spanning tree settings - Any configured settings for the console port and Telnet May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-45 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console#sh running-config building running-config, please wait..... ! phymap 00-04-80-bd-47-4d ! sntp server 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ! ! snmp-server community private rw snmp-server community public ro ! ! username admin access-level 15 username admin password 7 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3 username guest access-level 0 username guest password 7 084e0343a0486ff05530df6c705c8bb4 enable password level 15 7 1b3231655cebb7a1f783eddf27d254ca ! ! vlan 1 by port ! ! ! ! ! spanning-tree mst configuration mst 1 vlan 1 mst 2 vlan 2 mst 3 vlan 3 mst 4 vlan 4 . . . . mst 64 vlan 64 ! spanning-tree mst configuration ! ! interface ethernet 1/1 switchport allowed vlan add 1 untagged switchport native vlan 1 ! interface ethernet 1/2 switchport allowed vlan add 1 untagged switchport native vlan 1 ! interface ethernet 1/3 switchport allowed vlan add 1 untagged switchport native vlan 1 ! interface ethernet 1/4 switchport allowed vlan add 1 untagged switchport native vlan 1 ! interface ethernet 1/5 switchport allowed vlan add 1 untagged switchport native vlan 1 interface vlan 1 ip address 10.3.4.51 255.255.255.0 ! no map ip precedence no map ip dscp ! . . end Console# Related Commands show startup-config (4-43) show system Use this command to display system information. Default Setting None 4-46 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage • For a description of the items shown by this command, refer to “Displaying System Information” on page 3-6. • The POST results should all display “PASS.” If any POST test indicates “FAIL,” contact Technical Support for assistance. Example Console#sh system System description: Foundry Networks EdgeIron 24G System OID string: 1.3.6.1.4.1.1991.1.5.1.1.4.1.1 System information System Up time: 0 days, 3 hours, 50 minutes, and 33.39 seconds System Name : fff System Location : [NONE] System Contact : [NONE] MAC address : 00-04-80-BD-47-4D Web server : enable Web server port : 80 Web secure server : enable Web secure server port : 443 POST result UART LOOP BACK Test..........PASS DRAM Test....................PASS Timer Test...................PASS PCI Device 1 Test............PASS PCI Device 2 Test............PASS Switch Int Loopback test.....PASS Done All Pass. Console# show users Shows all active console and Telnet sessions, including user name, idle time, and IP address of Telnet client. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage The session used to execute this command is indicated by a “*” symbol next to the Line (i.e., session) index number. Example Console#sh users Username accounts: Username Privilege Public-Key -------- --------- ---------admin 15 None guest 0 None Online users Line Username Idle time (h:m:s) Remote IP addr. ----------- -------- ----------------- --------------* 0 console admin 0:00:00 1 vty 0 admin 0:04:37 10.1.0.19 Console# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-47 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide show version Use this command to display hardware and software version information for the system. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage See “Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions” on page 3-7 for detailed information on the items displayed by this command. Example Console#show version Unit1 Serial number Hardware version Number of ports Main power status Redundant power status Agent(master) Unit id Loader version Boot rom version Operation code version Console# :A329025054 :R01 :24 :up :not present :1 :2.0.2.2 :2.0.2.4 :2.2.4.11 SMTP Alert Commands Configures SMTP event handling, and forwarding of alert messages to the specified SMTP servers and email recipients. Command Function Mode Page logging sendmail host SMTP servers to receive alert messages GC 4-48 logging sendmail level Severity threshold used to trigger alert messages GC 4-49 logging sendmail sourceemail Email address used for “From” field of alert messages GC 4-50 logging sendmail destination-email Email recipients of alert messages GC 4-50 logging sendmail Enables SMTP event handling GC 4-50 show logging sendmail Displays SMTP event handler settings NE, PE 4-51 SMTP logging sendmail host This command specifies SMTP servers that will be sent alert messages. Use the no form to remove an SMTP server. Syntax [no] logging sendmail host ip_address ip_address - IP address of an SMTP server that will be sent alert messages for event handling. 4-48 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • You can specify up to three SMTP servers for event handing. However, you must enter a separate command to specify each server. • To send email alerts, the switch first opens a connection, sends all the email alerts waiting in the queue one by one, and finally closes the connection. • To open a connection, the switch first selects the server that successfully sent mail during the last connection, or the first server configured by this command. If it fails to send mail, the switch selects the next server in the list and tries to send mail again. If it still fails, the system will repeat the process at a periodic interval. (A trap will be triggered if the switch cannot successfully open a connection.) Example Console(config)#logging sendmail host 192.168.1.19 Console(config)# logging sendmail level This command sets the severity threshold used to trigger alert messages. Syntax logging sendmail level level level - One of the system message levels (page 4-38). Messages sent include the selected level down to level 0. (Range: 0-7; Default: 7) Default Setting Level 7 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The specified level indicates an event threshold. All events at this level or higher will be sent to the configured email recipients. (For example, using Level 7 will report all events from level 7 to level 0.) Example This example will send email alerts for system errors from level 3 through 0. Console(config)#logging sendmail level 3 Console(config)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-49 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide logging sendmail source-email This command sets the email address used for the “From” field in alert messages. Syntax logging sendmail source-email email-address email-address - The source email address used in alert messages. (Range: 1-41 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage You may use an symbolic email address that identifies the switch, or the address of an administrator responsible for the switch. Example This example will send email alerts for system errors from level 3 through 0. Console(config)#logging sendmail source-email [email protected] Console(config)# logging sendmail destination-email This command specifies the email recipients of alert messages. Use the no form to remove a recipient. Syntax [no] logging sendmail destination-email email-address email-address - The source email address used in alert messages. (Range: 1-41 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage You can specify up to five recipients for alert messages. However, you must enter a separate command to specify each recipient. Example Console(config)#logging sendmail destination-email [email protected] Console(config)# logging sendmail This command enables SMTP event handling. Use the no form to disable this function. Syntax [no] logging sendmail 4-50 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#logging sendmail Console(config)# show logging sendmail This command displays the settings for the SMTP event handler. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Example Console#show logging sendmail SMTP servers ----------------------------------------------Active SMTP server: 0.0.0.0 SMTP minimum severity level: 7 SMTP destination email addresses ----------------------------------------------ted@this-company.com SMTP source email address: [email protected] SMTP status: Enable Console# Time Commands The system clock can be dynamically set by polling a set of specified time servers (NTP or SNTP), or by using information broadcast by local time servers. Command Function Mode Page sntp client Accepts time from specified time servers GC 4-52 sntp server Specifies one or more time servers GC 4-52 sntp poll Sets the interval at which the client polls for time GC 4-53 sntp broadcast client Accepts time from any time broadcast server GC 4-53 show sntp Shows current SNTP configuration settings NE, PE 4-54 clock timezone Sets the time zone for the switch’s internal clock GC 4-54 calendar set Set the system date and time PE 4-55 show calendar Display the current date and time setting NE, PE 4-55 SNTP May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-51 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide sntp client This command enables SNTP client requests for time synchronization from NTP or SNTP time servers specified with the sntp servers command. Use the no form to disable SNTP client requests. Syntax [no] sntp client Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The time acquired from time servers is used to record accurate dates and times for log events. Without SNTP, the switch only records the time starting from the factory default set at the last bootup (i.e., 00:00:00, Jan. 1, 2001). • This command enables client time requests to time servers specified via the sntp servers command. It issues time synchronization requests based on the interval set via the sntp poll command. • The SNTP time query method is set to client mode when the first sntp client command is issued. However, if the sntp broadcast client command is issued, then the no sntp broadcast client command must be used to return the switch to SNTP client mode. Example Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 Console(config)#sntp poll 60 Console(config)#sntp client Console(config)#end Console#show sntp Current time: Dec 23 02:52:44 2002 Poll interval: 60 Current mode: unicast Console# Related Commands sntp server (4-52) sntp poll (4-53) sntp broadcast client (4-53) show sntp (4-54) sntp server This command sets the IP address of the servers to which SNTP time requests are issued. Use the this command with no arguments to clear all time servers from the current list. Syntax sntp server [ip1 [ip2 [ip3]]] ip - IP address of an time server (NTP or SNTP). (Range: 1 - 3 addresses) Default Setting None 4-52 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command specifies time servers from which the switch will poll for time updates when set to SNTP client mode. The client will poll the time servers in the order specified until a response is received. It issues time synchronization requests based on the interval set via the sntp poll command. Example Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 Console# Related Commands sntp client (4-52) sntp poll (4-53) show sntp (4-54) sntp poll This command sets the interval between sending time requests when the switch is set to SNTP client mode. Use the no form to restore to the default. Syntax sntp poll seconds no sntp poll seconds - Interval between time requests. (Range: 16-16384 seconds) Default Setting 16 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command is only applicable when the switch is set to SNTP client mode. Example Console(config)#sntp poll 60 Console# Related Commands sntp client (4-52) sntp broadcast client This command synchronizes the switch’s clock based on time broadcast from time servers (using the multicast address 224.0.1.1). Use the no form to disable SNTP broadcast client mode. Syntax [no] sntp broadcast client May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-53 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#sntp broadcast client Console# show sntp This command displays the current time and configuration settings for the SNTP client, and indicates whether or not the local time has been properly updated. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage This command displays the current time, the poll interval used for sending time synchronization requests (when the switch is set to SNTP client mode), and the current SNTP mode (i.e., client or broadcast). Example Console#show sntp Current time: Dec 23 05:13:28 2002 Poll interval: 16 Current mode: unicast Console# clock timezone This command sets the time zone for the switch’s internal clock. Syntax clock timezone name hour hours minute minutes {before-utc | after-utc} • name - Name of timezone, usually an acronym. (Range: 1-29 characters) • hours - Number of hours before/after UTC. (Range: 1-12 hours) • minutes - Number of minutes before/after UTC. (Range: 0-59 minutes) • before-utc - Sets the local time zone before (east) of UTC. • after-utc - Sets the local time zone after (west) of UTC. Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command sets the local time zone relative to the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time or GMT), based on the earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC. 4-54 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console(config)#clock timezone Japan hours 8 minute 0 after-UTC Console(config)# Related Commands show sntp (4-54) calendar set This command sets the system clock. It may be used if there is no time server on your network, or if you have not configured the switch to receive signals from a time server. Syntax calendar set hour min sec {day month year | month day year} • hour - Hour in 24-hour format. (Range: 0 - 23) • min - Minute. (Range: 0 - 59) • sec - Second. (Range: 0 - 59) • month - january | february | march | april | may | june | july | august | september | october | november | december • day - Day of month. (Range: 1 - 31) • year - Year (4-digit). (Range: 2001 - 2101) Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example This example shows how to set the system clock to 15:12:34, February 1st, 2002. Console#calendar set 15 12 34 February 31 2004 Console# show calendar This command displays the system clock. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Example Console#show calendar set 15 12 34 February 31 2004 Console# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-55 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Authentication Commands You can configure the switch to authenticate users logging into the system for management access using local or authentication-server methods. You can also enable port-based authentication for network client access using IEEE 802.1x. Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) and Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) are logon authentication protocols that use software running on a central server to control access to RADIUS-aware or TACACS+-aware devices on the network. An authentication server contains a database of multiple user name/password pairs with associated privilege levels for each user that requires management access to a switch. The switch supports IEEE 802.1x (dot1x) port-based access control that prevents unauthorized access to the network by requiring users to first enter a user ID and password for authentication. Client authentication is controlled centrally by a RADIUS server using EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LANs). Command Function Mode Page authentication login Defines logon authentication method and precedence GC 4-57 authentication enable Defines the authentication method and precedence for command mode change GC 4-58 radius-server host Specifies the RADIUS server GC 4-58 radius-server port Sets the RADIUS server network port GC 4-59 radius-server key Sets the RADIUS encryption key GC 4-59 radius-server retransmit Sets the number of retries GC 4-60 radius-server timeout Sets the interval between sending authentication requests GC 4-60 show radius-server Shows the current RADIUS settings PE 4-60 tacacs-server host Specifies the TACACS+ server GC 4-61 tacacs-server port Specifies the TACACS+ server network port GC 4-61 tacacs-server key Sets the TACACS+ encryption key GC 4-62 show tacacs-server Shows the current TACACS+ settings GC 4-62 authentication dot1x default Sets the default authentication server type GC 4-62 dot1x default Resets all dot1x parameters to their default values GC 4-63 dot1x max-req Sets the maximum number of times the switch will attempt to send a request to the client before authentication fails GC 4-63 dot1x port-control Sets dot1x mode for a port interface IC 4-63 dot1x re-authenticate Forces re-authentication on specific ports PE 4-64 Authentication Method RADIUS Client TACACS+ Client 802.1x Port Authentication 4-56 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Function Mode Page dot1x re-authentication Enables re-authentication for all ports GC 4-64 dot1x timeout quiet-period Sets the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client GC 4-64 dot1x timeout re-authperiod Sets the time period after which a connected client must be re-authenticated GC 4-65 dot1x timeout tx-period Sets the time period during an authentication session that the switch waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet GC 4-65 show dot1x Shows all dot1x related information PE 4-66 authentication login Use this command to define the login authentication method and precedence. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax authentication login {[local] [radius] [tacacs]} no authentication login • local - Use local authentication. • radius - Use RADIUS server authentication. • tacacs - Use TACACS+ server authentication. Default Setting Local only Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery, while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server. • RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication can control management access via the console port, a Web browser, or Telnet. These access options must be configured on the authentication server. • RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication assigns a specific privilege level for each user name and password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level must be configured on the authentication server. • You can specify three authentication methods in a single command to indicate the authentication sequence. For example, if you enter “authentication login radius tacacs local,” the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted on the TACACS+ server. If the TACACS+ server is not available, the local user name and password is checked. Example Console(config)#authentication login radius local Console(config)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-57 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Related Commands username - for setting local user names and passwords (4-20) authentication enable This command defines the authentication method and precedence to use when changing from Exec command mode to Privileged Exec command mode with the enable command (see page 4-9). Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax authentication enable {[local] [radius] [tacacs]} no authentication enable • local - Use local password only. • radius - Use RADIUS server password only. • tacacs - Use TACACS server password. Default Setting Local Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery, while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server, while TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet. • RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication assigns a specific privilege level for each user name and password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level must be configured on the authentication server. • You can specify three authentication methods in a single command to indicate the authentication sequence. For example, if you enter “authentication enable radius tacacs local,” the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted on the TACACS+ server. If the TACACS+ server is not available, the local user name and password is checked. Example Console(config)#authentication enable radius Console(config)# Related Commands enable password - (4-21) radius-server host Use this command to specify the RADIUS server. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax radius-server host host_ip_address no radius-server host host_ip_address - IP address of a RADIUS server. 4-58 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Default Setting 10.1.0.1 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#radius-server host 192.168.1.25 Console(config)# radius-server port Use this command to set the RADIUS server network port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax radius-server port port_number no radius-server port port_number - RADIUS server UDP port used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535) Default Setting 1812 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#radius-server port 181 Console(config)# radius-server key Use this command to set the RADIUS encryption key. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax radius-server key key_string no radius-server key key_string - Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#radius-server key green Console(config)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-59 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide radius-server retransmit Use this command to set the number of retries. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax radius-server retransmit number_of_retries no radius-server retransmit number_of_retries - Number of times the switch will try to authenticate logon access via the RADIUS server. (Range: 1 - 30) Default Setting 2 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#radius-server retransmit 5 Console(config)# radius-server timeout Use this command to set the interval between transmitting authentication requests to the RADIUS server. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax radius-server timeout number_of_seconds no radius-server timeout number_of_seconds - Number of seconds the switch waits for a reply before resending a request. (Range: 1-65535) Default Setting 5 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10 Console(config)# show radius-server Use this command to display the current settings for the RADIUS server. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec 4-60 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console#show radius-server Server IP address: 10.1.0.99 Communication key with radius server: Server port number: 1812 Retransmit times: 2 Request timeout: 5 Console# tacacs-server host Use this command to specify the TACACS+ server. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax tacacs-server host host_ip_address no tacacs-server host host_ip_address - IP address of a TACACS+ server. Default Setting 10.11.12.13 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#tacacs-server host 192.168.1.25 Console(config)# tacacs-server port Use this command to specify the TACACS+ server network port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax tacacs-server port port_number no tacacs-server port port_number - TACACS+ server TCP port used for authentication messages. (Range: 165535) Default Setting 49 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#tacacs-server port 181 Console(config)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-61 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide tacacs-server key Use this command to set the TACACS+ encryption key. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax tacacs-server key key_string no tacacs-server key key_string - Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for the client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#tacacs-server key green Console(config)# show tacacs-server Use this command to display the current settings for the TACACS+ server. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show tacacs-server Remote TACACS server configuration: Server IP address: 10.11.12.13 Communication key with TACACS server: Server port number: 49 Console# authentication dot1x default Sets the default authentication server type. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax authentication dot1x default radius no authentication dot1x Default Setting RADIUS Command Mode Global Configuration 4-62 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console(config)#authentication dot1x default radius Console(config)# dot1x default Sets all configurable dot1x global and port settings to their default values. Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#dot1x default Console(config)# dot1x max-req Sets the maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax dot1x max-req count no dot1x max-req count – The maximum number of requests (Range: 1-10) Default 2 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#dot1x max-req 2 Console(config)# dot1x port-control Sets the dot1x mode on a port interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax dot1x port-control {auto | force-authorized | force-unauthorized} no dot1x port-control • auto – Requires a dot1x-aware connected client to be authorized by the RADIUS server. Clients that are not dot1x-aware will be denied access. • force-authorized – Configures the port to grant access to all clients, either dot1x-aware or otherwise. • force-unauthorized – Configures the port to deny access to all clients, either dot1x-aware or otherwise. Default force-authorized May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-63 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Mode Interface Configuration Example Console(config)#interface eth 1/2 Console(config-if)#dot1x port-control auto Console(config-if)# dot1x re-authenticate Forces re-authentication on all ports or a specific interface. Syntax dot1x re-authenticate [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#dot1x re-authenticate Console# dot1x re-authentication Enables periodic re-authentication globally for all ports. Use the no form to disable re-authentication. Syntax dot1x re-authentication no dot1x re-authentication Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#dot1x re-authentication Console(config)# dot1x timeout quiet-period Sets the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client. Use the no form of this command to reset the default. Syntax dot1x timeout quiet-period seconds no dot1x timeout quiet-period seconds seconds - The number of seconds. (Range: 1-65535) Default 60 seconds 4-64 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#dot1x timeout quiet-period 350 Console(config)# dot1x timeout re-authperiod Sets the time period after which a connected client must be re-authenticated. Syntax dot1x timeout re-authperiod seconds no dot1x timeout re-authperiod seconds - The number of seconds. (Range: 1-65535) Default 3600 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#dot1x timeout re-authperiod 300 Console(config)# dot1x timeout tx-period Sets the time that the switch waits during an authentication session before re-transmitting an EAP packet. Use the no form to reset to the default value. Syntax dot1x timeout tx-period seconds no dot1x timeout tx-period seconds - The number of seconds. (Range: 1-65535) Default 30 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#dot1x timeout tx-period 300 Console(config)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-65 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide show dot1x Use this command to show general port authentication related settings on the switch or a specific interface. Syntax show dot1x [statistics] [interface interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage This command displays the following information: • Global 802.1X Parameters – Displays the global port access control parameters that can be configured for this switch as described in the preceding pages, including reauth-enabled (page 464), reauth-period (page 4-65), quiet-period (page 4-64), tx-period (page 4-65), and max-req (page 4-63). It also displays the following global parameters which are set to a fixed value, including the following items: - supp-timeout – Supplicant timeout. - server-timeout – Server timeout. - reauth-max – Maximum number of reauthentication attempts. • 802.1X Port Summary – Displays the port access control parameters for each interface, including the following items: - Status – Administrative state for port access control. - Mode – Dot1x port control mode (page 4-63). - Authorized – Authorization status (yes or n/a - not authorized). • 802.1X Port Details – Displays detailed port access control settings for each interface as described in the preceding pages, including administrative status for port access control, Max request (page 4-63), Quiet period (page 4-64), Reauth period (page 4-65), Tx period (page 4-65), and Port-control (page 4-63). It also displays the following information: - Status – Authorization status (authorized or unauthorized). - Supplicant – MAC address of authorized client. • Authenticator State Machine - State – Current state (including initialize, disconnected, connecting, authenticating, authenticated, aborting, held, force_authorized, force_unauthorized). - Reauth Count – Number of times connecting state is re-entered. • Backend State Machine - State – Current state (including request, response, success, fail, timeout, idle, initialize). - Request Count – Number of EAP Request packets sent to the Supplicant without receiving a response. - Identifier(Server) – Identifier carried in the most recent EAP Success, Failure or Request packet received from the Authentication Server. 4-66 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface • Reauthentication State Machine - State – Current state (including initialize, reauthenticate). Example Console#show dot1x Global 802.1X Parameters reauth-enabled: yes reauth-period: 300 quiet-period: 350 tx-period: 300 supp-timeout: 30 server-timeout: 30 reauth-max: 2 max-req: 2 802.1X Port Summary Port Name Status 1/1 disabled 1/2 disabled . . 1/23 1/24 Operation Mode Single-Host Single-Host disabled disabled Single-Host Single-Host Mode ForceAuthorized ForceAuthorized Authorized n/a ForceAuthorized ForceAuthorized yes 802.1X Port Details 802.1X is disabled on port 1 . . . 802.1X is enabled on port 26 Console# Access Control List Commands Access Control Lists (ACL) provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, Layer 4 protocol port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). To filter packets, first create an access list, add the required rules, specify a mask to modify the precedence in which the rules are checked, and then bind the list to a specific port. Access Control Lists An ACL is a sequential list of permit or deny conditions that apply to IP addresses, MAC addresses, or other more specific criteria. This switch tests ingress or egress packets against the conditions in an ACL one by one. A packet will be accepted as soon as it matches a permit rule, or dropped as soon as it matches a deny rule. If no rules match for a list of all permit rules, the packet is dropped; and if no rules match for a list of all deny rules, the packet is accepted. Note: The EdgeIron 2402CF and 4802CF do not support ACLs, but do support IP Management filtering. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-67 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide There are three filtering modes: • Standard IP ACL mode (STD-ACL) filters packets based on the source IP address. • Extended IP ACL mode (EXT-ACL) filters packets based on source or destination IP address, as well as protocol type and protocol port number. If the TCP protocol is specified, then you can also filter packets based on the TCP control code. • MAC ACL mode (MAC-ACL) filters packets based on the source or destination MAC address and the Ethernet frame type (RFC 1060). The following restrictions apply to ACLs: • This switch supports ACLs for both ingress and egress filtering. However, you can only bind one IP ACL and one MAC ACL to any port for ingress filtering, and one IP ACL and one MAC ACL to any port for egress filtering. In other words, only four ACLs can be bound to an interface – Ingress IP ACL, Egress IP ACL, Ingress MAC ACL and Egress MAC ACL. • When an ACL is bound to an interface as an egress filter, all entries in the ACL must be deny rules. Otherwise, the bind operation will fail. • Each ACL can have up to 32 rules. • The maximum number of ACLs is also 32. • However, due to resource restrictions, the average number of rules bound the ports should not exceed 20. • You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port or set the queue or frame priorities associated with the rule. • The switch does not support the explicit “deny any any” rule for the egress IP ACL or the egress MAC ACLs. If these rules are included in ACL, and you attempt to bind the ACL to an interface for egress checking, the bind operation will fail. • Egress MAC ACLs only work for destination-mac-known packets, not for multicast, broadcast, or destination-mac-unknown packets. The order in which active ACLs are checked is as follows: 1. User-defined rules in the Egress MAC ACL for egress ports. 2. User-defined rules in the Egress IP ACL for egress ports. 3. User-defined rules in the Ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports. 4. User-defined rules in the Ingress IP ACL for ingress ports. 5. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress IP ACL for ingress ports. 6. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports. 7. If no explicit rule is matched, the implicit default is permit all. 4-68 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Masks for Access Control Lists You can specify optional masks that control the order in which ACL rules are checked. The switch includes two system default masks that pass/filter packets matching the permit/deny the rules specified in an ingress ACL. You can also configure up to seven user-defined masks for an ACL. A mask must be bound exclusively to one of the basic ACL types (i.e., Ingress IP ACL, Egress IP ACL, Ingress MAC ACL or Egress MAC ACL), but a mask can be bound to up to four ACLs of the same type. Command Groups Function Page IP ACLs Configures ACLs based on IP addresses, TCP/UDP port number, protocol type, and TCP control code 4-69 MAC ACLs Configures ACLs based on hardware addresses, packet format, and Ethernet type 4-80 ACL Information Displays ACLs and associated rules; shows ACLs assigned to each port 4-90 Command Function Mode Page access-list ip Creates an IP ACL and enters configuration mode GC 4-70 permit, deny Filters packets matching a specified source IP address STDACL 4-70 permit, deny Filters packets meeting the specified criteria, including source and destination IP address, TCP/UDP port number, protocol type, and TCP control code EXTACL 4-71 show ip access-list Displays the rules for configured IP ACLs PE 4-73 access-list ip mask-precedence Changes to the mode for configuring access control masks GC 4-73 mask Sets a precedence mask for the ACL rules IP-Mask 4-74 show access-list ip maskprecedence Shows the ingress or egress rule masks for IP ACLs PE 4-76 ip access-group Adds a port to an IP ACL IC 4-77 show ip access-group Shows port assignments for IP ACLs PE 4-77 map access-list ip Sets the CoS value and corresponding output queue for packets matching an ACL rule IC 4-78 show map access-list ip Shows CoS value mapped to an access list for an interface PE 4-79 match access-list ip Changes the 802.1p priority, IP Precedence, or DSCP Priority of a frame matching the defined rule (i.e., also called packet marking) IC 4-79 show marking Displays the current configuration for packet marking PE 4-80 IP ACLs May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-69 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide access-list ip This command adds an IP access list and enters configuration mode for standard or extended IP ACLs. Use the no form to remove the specified ACL. Syntax [no] access-list ip {standard | extended} acl_name • standard – Specifies an ACL that filters packets based on the source IP address. • extended – Specifies an ACL that filters packets based on the source or destination IP address, and other more specific criteria. • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • An egress ACL must contain all deny rules. • When you create a new ACL or enter configuration mode for an existing ACL, use the permit or deny command to add new rules to the bottom of the list. To create an ACL, you must add at least one rule to the list. • To remove a rule, use the no permit or no deny command followed by the exact text of a previously configured rule. • An ACL can contain up to 32 rules. Example Console(config)#access-list ip standard david Console(config-std-acl)# Related Commands permit, deny 4-70 ip access-group (4-77) show ip access-list (4-73) permit, deny (Standard ACL) This command adds a rule to a Standard IP ACL. The rule sets a filter condition for packets emanating from the specified source. Use the no form to remove a rule. Syntax [no] {permit | deny} {any | source bitmask | host source} • any – Any source IP address. • source – Source IP address. • bitmask – Decimal number representing the address bits to match. • host – Keyword followed by a specific IP address. Default Setting None 4-70 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Standard ACL Command Usage • New rules are appended to the end of the list. • Address bitmasks are similar to a subnet mask, containing four integers from 0 to 255, each separated by a period. The binary mask uses 1 bits to indicate “match” and 0 bits to indicate “ignore.” The bitmask is bitwise ANDed with the specified source IP address, and then compared with the address for each IP packet entering the port(s) to which this ACL has been assigned. Example This example configures one permit rule for the specific address 10.1.1.21 and another rule for the address range 168.92.16.x – 168.92.31.x using a bitmask. Console(config-std-acl)#permit host 10.1.1.21 Console(config-std-acl)#permit 168.92.16.0 255.255.240.0 Console(config-std-acl)# Related Commands access-list ip (4-70) permit, deny (Extended ACL) This command adds a rule to an Extended IP ACL. The rule sets a filter condition for packets with specific source or destination IP addresses, protocol types, source or destination protocol ports, or TCP control codes. Use the no form to remove a rule. Syntax [no] {permit | deny} [protocol-number | udp] {any | source address-bitmask | host source} {any | destination address-bitmask | host destination} [precedence precedence] [tos tos] [dscp dscp] [source-port sport [bitmask]] [destination-port dport [port-bitmask]] [no] {permit | deny} tcp {any | source address-bitmask | host source} {any | destination address-bitmask | host destination} [precedence precedence] [tos tos] [dscp dscp] [source-port sport [bitmask]] [destination-port dport [port-bitmask]] [control-flag control-flags flag-bitmask] • protocol-number – A specific protocol number. (Range: 0-255) • source – Source IP address. • destination – Destination IP address. • address-bitmask – Decimal number representing the address bits to match. • host – Keyword followed by a specific IP address. • precedence – IP precedence level. (Range: 0-7) • tos – Type of Service level. (Range: 0-15) • dscp – DSCP priority level. (Range: 0-64) • sport – Protocol* source port number. (Range: 0-65535) • dport – Protocol* destination port number. (Range: 0-65535) • port-bitmask – Decimal number representing the port bits to match. (Range: 0-65535) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-71 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • control-flags – Decimal number (representing a bit string) that specifies flag bits in byte 14 of the TCP header. (Range: 0-63) • flag-bitmask – Decimal number representing the code bits to match. * Includes TCP, UDP or other protocol types. Default Setting None Command Mode Extended ACL Command Usage • All new rules are appended to the end of the list. • Address bitmasks are similar to a subnet mask, containing four integers from 0 to 255, each separated by a period. The binary mask uses 1 bits to indicate “match” and 0 bits to indicate “ignore.” The bitmask is bitwise ANDed with the specified source IP address, and then compared with the address for each IP packet entering the port(s) to which this ACL has been assigned. • You can specify both Precedence and ToS in the same rule. However, if DSCP is used, then neither Precedence nor ToS can be specified. • The control-code bitmask is a decimal number (representing an equivalent bit mask) that is applied to the control code. Enter a decimal number, where the equivalent binary bit “1” means to match a bit and “0” means to ignore a bit. The following bits may be specified: - 1 (fin) – Finish - 2 (syn) – Synchronize - 4 (rst) – Reset - 8 (psh) – Push - 16 (ack) – Acknowledgement - 32 (urg) – Urgent pointer • For example, use the code value and mask below to catch packets with the following flags set: - SYN flag valid, use “control-code 2 2” - Both SYN and ACK valid, use “control-code 18 18” - SYN valid and ACK invalid, use “control-code 2 18” Example This example accepts any incoming packets if the source address is within subnet 10.7.1.x. For example, if the rule is matched; i.e., the rule (10.7.1.0 & 255.255.255.0) equals the masked address (10.7.1.2 & 255.255.255.0), the packet passes through. Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any Console(config-ext-acl)# This allows TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 to any destination address when set for destination TCP port 80 (i.e., HTTP). Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any dport 80 Console(config-ext-acl)# This permits all TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 with the TCP control code set to “SYN.” Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any tcp control-code 2 2 Console(config-ext-acl)# 4-72 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Related Commands access-list ip (4-70) show ip access-list This command displays the rules for configured IP ACLs. Syntax show ip access-list {standard | extended} [acl_name] • standard – Specifies a standard IP ACL. • extended – Specifies an extended IP ACL. • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ip access-list standard IP standard access-list david: permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any dport 80 permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any tcp control-code 2 2 Console# Related Commands permit, deny 4-70 ip access-group (4-77) access-list ip mask-precedence This command changes to the IP Mask mode used to configure access control masks. Use the no form to delete the mask table. Syntax [no] access-list ip mask-precedence {in | out} • in – Ingress mask for ingress ACLs. • out – Egress mask for egress ACLs. Default Setting Default system mask: Filter inbound packets according to specified IP ACLs. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • A mask can only be used by all ingress ACLs or all egress ACLs. • The precedence of the ACL rules applied to a packet is not determined by order of the rules, but instead by the order of the masks; i.e., the first mask that matches a rule will determine the rule that is applied to a packet. • You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port or set the queue or frame priorities associated with the rule. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-73 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in Console(config-ip-mask-acl)# Related Commands mask (IP ACL) (4-74) ip access-group (4-77) mask (IP ACL) This command defines a mask for IP ACLs. This mask defines the fields to check in the IP header. Use the no form to remove a mask. Syntax [no] mask [protocol] {any | host | source-bitmask} {any | host | destination-bitmask} [precedence] [tos] [dscp] [source-port [port-bitmask]] [destination-port [port-bitmask]] [control-flag [flag-bitmask]] • protocol – Check the protocol field. • any – Any address will be matched. • host – The address must be for a host device, not a subnetwork. • source-bitmask – Source address of rule must match this bitmask. • destination-bitmask – Destination address of rule must match this bitmask. • precedence – Check the IP precedence field. • tos – Check the TOS field. • dscp – Check the DSCP field. • source-port – Check the protocol source port field. • destination-port – Check the protocol destination port field. • port-bitmask – Protocol port of rule must match this bitmask. (Range: 0-65535) • control-flag – Check the field for control flags. • flag-bitmask – Control flags of rule must match this bitmask. (Range: 0-63) Default Setting None Command Mode IP Mask Command Usage • Packets crossing a port are checked against all the rules in the ACL until a match is found. The order in which these packets are checked is determined by the mask, and not the order in which the ACL rules were entered. • First create the required ACLs and ingress or egress masks before mapping an ACL to an interface. • If you enter dscp, you cannot enter tos or precedence. You can enter both tos and precedence without dscp. 4-74 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface • Masks that include an entry for a Layer 4 protocol source port or destination port can only be applied to packets with a header length of exactly five bytes. Example This example creates an IP ingress mask with two rules. Each rule is checked in order of precedence to look for a match in the ACL entries. The first entry matching a mask is applied to the inbound packet. Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask host any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask 255.255.255.0 any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)# This shows that the entries in the mask override the precedence in which the rules are entered into the ACL. In the following example, packets with the source address 10.1.1.1 are dropped because the “deny 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255” rule has the higher precedence according the “mask host any” entry. Console(config)#access-list ip standard A2 Console(config-std-acl)#permit 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Console(config-std-acl)#deny 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 Console(config-std-acl)#exit Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask host any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask 255.255.255.0 any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)# This shows how to create a standard ACL with an ingress mask to deny access to the IP host 171.69.198.102, and permit access to any others. Console(config)#access-list ip standard A2 Console(config-std-acl)#permit any Console(config-std-acl)#deny host 171.69.198.102 Console(config-std-acl)#end Console#show access-list IP standard access-list A2: deny host 171.69.198.102 permit any Console#configure Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask host any Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#ip access-group A2 in Console(config-if)#end Console#show access-list IP standard access-list A2: deny host 171.69.198.102 permit any Console# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-75 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide This shows how to create an extended ACL with an egress mask to drop packets leaving network 171.69.198.0 when the Layer 4 source port is 23. Console(config)#access-list ip extended A3 Console(config-ext-acl)#deny host 171.69.198.5 any Console(config-ext-acl)#deny 171.69.198.0 255.255.255.0 any sourceport 23 Console(config-ext-acl)#end Console#show access-list IP extended access-list A3: deny host 171.69.198.5 any deny 171.69.198.0 255.255.255.0 any source-port 23 Console#config Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence out Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask 255.255.255.0 any source-port Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/15 Console(config-if)#ip access-group A3 out Console(config-if)#end Console#show access-list IP extended access-list A3: deny 171.69.198.0 255.255.255.0 any source-port 23 deny host 171.69.198.5 any IP egress mask ACL: mask 255.255.255.0 any source-port Console# This is a more comprehensive example. It denies any TCP packets in which the SYN bit is ON, and permits all other packets. It then sets the ingress mask to check the deny rule first, and finally binds port 1 to this ACL. Note that once the ACL is bound to an interface (i.e., the ACL is active), the order in which the rules are displayed is determined by the associated mask. Switch(config)#access-list ip extended 6 Switch(config-ext-acl)#permit any any Switch(config-ext-acl)#deny tcp any any control-flag 2 2 Switch(config-ext-acl)#end Console#show access-list IP extended access-list A6: permit any any deny tcp any any control-flag 2 2 Console#configure Switch(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in Switch(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask protocol any any control-flag 2 Switch(config-ip-mask-acl)#end Console#sh access-list IP extended access-list A6: permit any any deny tcp any any control-flag 2 2 IP ingress mask ACL: mask protocol any any control-flag 2 Console#configure Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#ip access-group A6 in Console(config-if)#end Console#show access-list IP extended access-list A6: deny tcp any any control-flag 2 2 permit any any IP ingress mask ACL: mask protocol any any control-flag 2 Console# show access-list ip mask-precedence This command shows the ingress or egress rule masks for IP ACLs. Syntax show access-list ip mask-precedence [in | out] • in – Ingress mask precedence for ingress ACLs. • out – Egress mask precedence for egress ACLs. Command Mode Privileged Exec 4-76 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console#show access-list ip mask-precedence IP ingress mask ACL: mask host any mask 255.255.255.0 any Console# Related Commands mask (IP ACL) (4-74) ip access-group This command binds a port to an IP ACL. Use the no form to remove the port. Syntax [no] ip access-group acl_name {in | out} • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) • in – Indicates that this list applies to ingress packets. • out – Indicates that this list applies to egress packets. Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • A port can only be bound to one ACL. • If a port is already bound to an ACL and you bind it to a different ACL, the switch will replace the old binding with the new one. • You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port. Example Console(config)#int eth 1/25 Console(config-if)#ip access-group standard david in Console(config-if)# Related Commands show ip access-list (4-73) show ip access-group This command shows the ports assigned to IP ACLs. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ip access-group Interface ethernet 1/25 IP standard access-list david Console# Related Commands ip access-group (4-77) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-77 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide map access-list ip This command sets the output queue for packets matching an ACL rule. The specified CoS value is only used to map the matching packet to an output queue; it is not written to the packet itself. Use the no form to remove the CoS mapping. Syntax [no] map access-list ip acl_name cos cos-value • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) • cos-value – CoS value. (Range: 0-7) Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • You must configure an ACL mask before you can map CoS values to the rule. • A packet matching a rule within the specified ACL is mapped to one of the output queues as shown in the following table. For information on mapping the CoS values to output queues, see queue cos-map on page 4-167. EdgeIron 24G-A, 48G Priority 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Queue 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF Priority 1 4 16 64 Queue 0 1 2 3 Priority 16 64 128 240 Queue 0 1 2 3 EdgeIron 24G Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/25 Console(config-if)#map access-list ip bill cos 0 Console(config-if)# Related Commands queue cos-map (4-167) show map access-list ip (4-79) 4-78 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface show map access-list ip This command shows the CoS value mapped to an IP ACL for the current interface. (The CoS value determines the output queue for packets matching an ACL rule.) Syntax show map access-list ip [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show map access-list ip Access-list to COS of Eth 1/24 Access-list ALS1 cos 0 Console# Related Commands map access-list ip (4-78) match access-list ip This command changes the IEEE 802.1p priority, IP Precedence, or DSCP Priority of a frame matching the defined ACL rule. (This feature is commonly referred to as ACL packet marking.) Use the no form to remove the ACL marker. Syntax match access-list ip acl_name [set priority priority] {set tos tos_value | set dscp dscp_value} no match access-list ip acl_name • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) • priority – Class of Service value in the IEEE 802.1p priority tag. (Range: 0-7; 7 is the highest priority) • tos_value – IP Precedence value. (Range: 0-7) • dscp_value – Differentiated Services Code Point value. (Range: 0-63) Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • You must configure an ACL mask before you can change frame priorities based on an ACL rule. • Traffic priorities may be included in the IEEE 802.1p priority tag. This tag is also incorporated as part of the overall IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tag. To specify this priority, use the set priority keywords. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-79 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • The IP frame header also includes priority bits in the Type of Service (ToS) octet. The Type of Service octet may contain three bits for IP Precedence or six bits for Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) service. To specify the IP precedence priority, use the set tos keywords. To specify the DSCP priority, use the set dscp keywords. Note that the IP frame header can include either the IP Precedence or DSCP priority type. • The precedence for priority mapping by this switch is IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, and then 802.1p priority. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/12 Console(config-if)#match access-list ip bill set dscp 0 Console(config-if)# Related Commands show marking (4-80) show marking This command displays the current configuration for packet marking. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show marking Interface ethernet 1/12 match access-list IP bill set DSCP 0 match access-list MAC a set priority 0 Console# Related Commands match access-list ip (4-79) MAC ACLs 4-80 Command Function Mode Page access-list mac Creates a MAC ACL and enters configuration mode GC 4-81 permit, deny Filters packets matching a specified source and MACdestination address, packet format, and Ethernet type ACL 4-81 show mac access-list Displays the rules for configured MAC ACLs PE 4-83 access-list mac maskprecedence Changes to the mode for configuring access control masks GC 4-83 mask Sets a precedence mask for the ACL rules MACMask 4-84 show access-list mac maskprecedence Shows the ingress or egress rule masks for MAC ACLs PE 4-85 permit/deny offset Filters packets matching a pattern starting at the offset MACACL 4-86 mac access-group Adds a port to a MAC ACL IC 4-87 show mac access-group Shows port assignments for MAC ACLs PE 4-87 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Function Mode Page map access-list mac Sets the CoS value and corresponding output queue for packets matching an ACL rule IC 4-88 show map access-list mac Shows CoS value mapped to an access list for an interface PE 4-89 match access-list mac Changes the 802.1p priority the priority of a frame matching the defined rule (i.e., also called packet marking) IC 4-89 show marking Displays the current configuration for packet marking PE 4-90 access-list mac This command adds a MAC access list and enters MAC ACL configuration mode. Use the no form to remove the specified ACL. Syntax [no] access-list mac acl_name • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • An egress ACL must contain all deny rules. • When you create a new ACL or enter configuration mode for an existing ACL, use the permit or deny command to add new rules to the bottom of the list. To create an ACL, you must add at least one rule to the list. • To remove a rule, use the no permit or no deny command followed by the exact text of a previously configured rule. • An ACL can contain up to 32 rules. Example Console(config)#access-list mac jerry Console(config-mac-acl)# Related Commands permit, deny 4-81 mac access-group (4-87) show mac access-list (4-83) permit, deny (MAC ACL) This command adds a rule to a MAC ACL. The rule filters packets matching a specified MAC source or destination address (i.e., physical layer address), or Ethernet protocol type. Use the no form to remove a rule. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-81 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Syntax [no] {permit | deny} {any | host source | source address-bitmask} {any | host destination | destination address-bitmask} [vid vid vid-bitmask] [ethertype protocol [protocol-bitmask]] Note: - The default is for Ethernet II packets. [no] {permit | deny} tagged-eth2 {any | host source | source address-bitmask} {any | host destination | destination address-bitmask} [no vid vid-bitmask] [ethertype protocol [protocol-bitmask]] [no] {permit | deny} untagged-eth2 {any | host source | source address-bitmask} {any | host destination | destination address-bitmask} [ethertype protocol [protocol-bitmask]] [no] {permit | deny} tagged-802.3 {any | host source | source address-bitmask} {any | host destination | destination address-bitmask} [vid vid vid-bitmask] [no] {permit | deny} untagged-802.3 {any | host source | source address-bitmask} {any | host destination | destination address-bitmask} • tagged-eth2 – Tagged Ethernet II packets. • untagged-eth2 – Untagged Ethernet II packets. • tagged-802.3 – Tagged Ethernet 802.3 packets. • untagged-802.3 – Untagged Ethernet 802.3 packets. • any – Any MAC source or destination address. • host – A specific MAC address. • source – Source MAC address. • destination – Destination MAC address range with bitmask. • address-bitmask* – Bitmask for MAC address (in hexidecimal format). • vid – VLAN ID. (Range: 1-4095) • vid-bitmask* – VLAN bitmask. (Range: 1-4095) • protocol – A specific Ethernet protocol number. (Range: 600-fff hex.) • protocol-bitmask* – Protocol bitmask. (Range: 600-fff hex.) * For all bitmasks, “1” means care and “0” means ignore. Default Setting None Command Mode MAC ACL 4-82 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage • New rules are added to the end of the list. • The ethertype option can only be used to filter Ethernet II formatted packets. • A detailed listing of Ethernet protocol types can be found in RFC 1060. A few of the more common types include the following: - 0800 - IP - 0806 - ARP - 8137 - IPX Example This rule permits packets from any source MAC address to the destination address 00-e0-29-94-34de where the Ethernet type is 0800. Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any host 00-e0-29-94-34-de ethertype 0800 Console(config-mac-acl)# Related Commands access-list mac (4-81) show mac access-list This command displays the rules for configured MAC ACLs. Syntax show mac access-list [acl_name] • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show mac access-list MAC access-list jerry: permit any 00-e0-29-94-34-de ethertype 0800 Console# Related Commands permit, deny 4-81 mac access-group (4-87) access-list mac mask-precedence This command changes to MAC Mask mode used to configure access control masks. Use the no form to delete the mask table. Syntax [no] access-list ip mask-precedence {in | out} • in – Ingress mask for ingress ACLs. • out – Egress mask for egress ACLs. Default Setting Default system mask: Filter inbound packets according to specified MAC ACLs. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-83 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port or set the queue or frame priorities associated with the rule. • A mask can only be used by all ingress ACLs or all egress ACLs. • The precedence of the ACL rules applied to a packet is not determined by order of the rules, but instead by the order of the masks; i.e., the first mask that matches a rule will determine the rule that is applied to a packet. Example Console(config)#access-list mac mask-precedence in Console(config-mac-mask-acl)# Related Commands mask (MAC ACL) (4-84) mac access-group (4-87) mask (MAC ACL) This command defines a mask for MAC ACLs. This mask defines the fields to check in the packet header. Use the no form to remove a mask. Syntax [no] mask [pktformat] {any | host | source-bitmask} {any | host | destination-bitmask} [vid [vid-bitmask]] [ethertype [ethertype-bitmask]] • pktformat – Check the packet format field. (If this keyword must be used in the mask, the packet format must be specified in ACL rule to match.) • any – Any address will be matched. • host – The address must be for a single node. • source-bitmask – Source address of rule must match this bitmask. • destination-bitmask – Destination address of rule must match this bitmask. • vid – Check the VLAN ID field. • vid-bitmask – VLAN ID of rule must match this bitmask. • ethertype – Check the Ethernet type field. • ethertype-bitmask – Ethernet type of rule must match this bitmask. Default Setting None Command Mode MAC Mask Command Usage • Up to seven masks can be assigned to an ingress or egress ACL. • Packets crossing a port are checked against all the rules in the ACL until a match is found. The order in which these packets are checked is determined by the mask, and not the order in which the ACL rules were entered. 4-84 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface • First create the required ACLs and inbound or outbound masks before mapping an ACL to an interface. Example This example shows how to create an Ingress MAC ACL and bind it to a port. You can then see that the order of the rules have been changed by the mask. Console(config)#access-list mac M4 Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any any Console(config-mac-acl)#deny tagged-eth2 00-11-11-11-11-11 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff any vid 3 Console(config-mac-acl)#end Console#show access-list MAC access-list M4: permit any any deny tagged-eth2 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any vid 3 Console(config)#access-list mac mask-precedence in Console(config-mac-mask-acl)#mask pktformat ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff any vid Console(config-mac-mask-acl)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/12 Console(config-if)#mac access-group M4 in Console(config-if)#end Console#show access-list MAC access-list M4: deny tagged-eth2 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any vid 3 permit any any MAC ingress mask ACL: mask pktformat host any vid Console# This example creates an Egress MAC ACL. Console(config)#access-list mac M5 Console(config-mac-acl)#deny tagged-802.3 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any Console(config-mac-acl)#deny tagged-eth2 00-11-11-11-11-11 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff any vid 3 ethertype 0806 Console(config-mac-acl)#end Console#show access-list MAC access-list M5: deny tagged-802.3 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any deny tagged-eth2 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any vid 3 ethertype 0806 Console(config)#access-list mac mask-precedence out Console(config-mac-mask-acl)#mask pktformat ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff any vid Console(config-mac-mask-acl)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#mac access-group M5 out Console(config-if)#end Console#show access-list MAC access-list M5: deny tagged-eth2 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any vid 3 ethertype 0806 deny tagged-802.3 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any MAC ingress mask ACL: mask pktformat host any vid ethertype Console# show access-list mac mask-precedence This command shows the ingress or egress rule masks for MAC ACLs. Syntax show access-list mac mask-precedence [in | out] • in – Ingress mask precedence for ingress ACLs. • out – Egress mask precedence for egress ACLs. Command Mode Privileged Exec May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-85 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console#show access-list mac mask-precedence MAC egress mask ACL: mask pktformat host any vid ethertype Console# Related Commands mask (MAC ACL) (4-84) permit offset, deny offset (MAC ACL) Use this command to add a rule to a MAC ACL. The rule fliters packets matching the specified data pattern starting at the offset. Use the no form to remove a rule. Syntax {permit | deny} offset offset_value length bitmask data no {permit | deny} offset offset_value length bitmask data • offset_value – Byte offset from the beginning of the frame. • length – Length of the data pattern to match. • bitmask – Decimal number representing the data bits to match. • data – Data to match, entered as a sequence of hexadecimal letters with no separators. Default Setting None Command Mode MAC ACL Command Usage • This command is used to filter frames that match a specified pattern, and can be used to filter traffic associated with precisely defined events. • The bitmask is a decimal number (representing an equivalent bit mask) that is applied to the data. Enter a decimal number, where the equivalent binary bit “1” means to match a bit and “0” means to ignore a bit. • Packet filtering based on arbitrary offsets and data patterns can adversely affect switch throughput. Try to avoid using packet filtering based on pattern matching unless this is absolutely necessary to solve a specific problem. Example This example shows how to filter any Ethernet II packets directed to the IP address 10.1.0.23 that havethe Don’t Fragment flag set. Console(config)#access-list mac jerry Console(config-mac-acl)#permit offset ??? Related Commands mac access-group (4-87) show mac access-list (4-83) 4-86 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface mac access-group This command binds a port to a MAC ACL. Use the no form to remove the port. Syntax mac access-group acl_name {in | out} • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) • in – Indicates that this list applies to ingress packets. • out – Indicates that this list applies to egress packets. Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • A port can only be bound to one ACL. • If a port is already bound to an ACL and you bind it to a different ACL, the switch will replace the old binding with the new one. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/25 Console(config-if)#mac access-group jerry in Console(config-if)# Related Commands show mac access-list (4-83) show mac access-group This command shows the ports assigned to MAC ACLs. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show mac access-group Interface ethernet 1/5 MAC access-list M5 out Console# Related Commands mac access-group (4-87) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-87 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide map access-list mac This command sets the output queue for packets matching an ACL rule. The specified CoS value is only used to map the matching packet to an output queue; it is not written to the packet itself. Use the no form to remove the CoS mapping. Syntax [no] map access-list mac acl_name cos cos-value • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) • cos-value – CoS value. (Range: 0-7) Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • You must configure an ACL mask before you can map CoS values to the rule. • A packet matching a rule within the specified ACL is mapped to one of the output queues as shown below. EdgeIron 24G-A, 48G Priority 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Queue 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF Priority 1 4 16 64 Queue 0 1 2 3 Priority 16 64 128 240 Queue 0 1 2 3 EdgeIron 24G Example Console(config)#int eth 1/5 Console(config-if)#map access-list mac M5 cos 0 Console(config-if)# Related Commands queue cos-map (4-167) show map access-list mac (4-89) 4-88 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface show map access-list mac This command shows the CoS value mapped to a MAC ACL for the current interface. (The CoS value determines the output queue for packets matching an ACL rule.) Syntax show map access-list mac [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show map access-list mac Access-list to COS of Eth 1/5 Access-list M5 cos 0 Console# Related Commands map access-list mac (4-88) match access-list mac This command changes the IEEE 802.1p priority of a Layer 2 frame matching the defined ACL rule. (This feature is commonly referred to as ACL packet marking.) Use the no form to remove the ACL marker. Syntax match access-list mac acl_name set priority priority no match access-list mac acl_name • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) • priority – Class of Service value in the IEEE 802.1p priority tag. (Range: 0-7; 7 is the highest priority) Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage You must configure an ACL mask before you can change frame priorities based on an ACL rule. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/12 Console(config-if)#match access-list mac a set priority 0 Console(config-if)# Related Commands show marking (4-80) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-89 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide ACL Information Command Function Mode Page show access-list Show all ACLs and associated rules PE 4-90 show access-group Shows the ACLs assigned to each port PE 4-90 show access-list This command shows all ACLs and associated rules, as well as all the user-defined masks. Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage Once the ACL is bound to an interface (i.e., the ACL is active), the order in which the rules are displayed is determined by the associated mask. Example Console#show access-list IP standard access-list david: permit host 10.1.1.21 permit 168.92.0.0 0.0.15.255 IP extended access-list bob: permit 10.7.1.1 0.0.0.255 any permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any dport 80 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any protocol tcp control-code 2 2 MAC access-list jerry: permit any 00-30-29-94-34-de ethertype 800 IP extended access-list A6: deny tcp any any control-flag 2 2 permit any any IP ingress mask ACL: mask protocol any any control-flag 2 Console# show access-group This command shows the port assignments of ACLs. Command Mode Privileged Executive Example Console#show access-group Interface ethernet 1/25 IP standard access-list david MAC access-list jerry Console# 4-90 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface SNMP Commands Controls access to this switch from SNMP management stations, as well as the error types sent to trap managers. Command Function Mode Page snmp-server community Sets up the community access string to permit access to SNMP commands GC 4-91 snmp-server contact Sets the system contact string GC 4-92 snmp-server location Sets the system location string GC 4-92 snmp-server host Specifies the recipient of an SNMP notification operation GC 4-93 snmp-server enable traps Enables the device to send SNMP notifications (i.e., SNMP traps) GC 4-94 snmp ip filter Sets IP addresses of clients allowed to management access to the switch via SNMP GC 4-94 show snmp Displays the status of SNMP communications NE, PE 4-95 snmp-server community Use this command to define the community access string for the Simple Network Management Protocol. Use the no form to remove the specified community string. Syntax snmp-server community string [ro|rw] no snmp-server community string • string - Community string that acts like a password and permits access to the SNMP protocol. (Maximum length: 32 characters, case sensitive; Maximum number of strings: 5) • ro - Specifies read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects. • rw - Specifies read/write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Default Setting • public - Read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects. • private - Read/write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The first snmp-server community command you enter enables SNMP (SNMP v1 and v2c). The no snmp-server community command disables all versions of SNMP. Example Console(config)#snmp-server community alpha rw Console(config)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-91 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide snmp-server contact Use this command to set the system contact string. Use the no form to remove the system contact information. Syntax snmp-server contact string no snmp-server contact string - String that describes the system contact information. (Maximum length: 255 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#snmp-server contact Paul Console(config)# Related Commands snmp-server location snmp-server location Use this command to set the system location string. Use the no form to remove the location string. Syntax snmp-server location text no snmp-server location text - String that describes the system location. (Maximum length: 255 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#snmp-server location WC-19 Console(config)# Related Commands snmp-server contact (4-92) 4-92 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface snmp-server host Use this command to specify the recipient of a Simple Network Management Protocol notification operation. Use the no form to remove the specified host. Syntax snmp-server host {host-addr community-string} [version 1 | 2c] no snmp-server host host-addr • host-addr - Name or Internet address of the host (the targeted recipient). (Maximum host addresses: 5 trap destination IP address entries) • community-string - Password-like community string sent with the notification operation. Though you can set this string using the snmp-server host command by itself, we recommend you define this string using the snmp-server community command prior to using the snmp-server host command. (Maximum length: 32 characters) • version - Specifies whether to send notifications as SNMP v1 or SNMP v2c traps. Default Setting Host Address: None SNMP Version: 1 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • If you do not enter an snmp-server host command, no notifications are sent. In order to configure the switch to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at least one snmp-server host command. In order to enable multiple hosts, you must issue a separate snmp-server host command for each host. • The snmp-server host command is used in conjunction with the snmp-server enable traps command. Use the snmp-server enable traps command to specify which SNMP notifications are sent globally. For a host to receive notifications, at least one snmp-server enable traps command and the snmp-server host command for that host must be enabled. • The switch can send SNMP version 1 or version 2c traps to a host IP address, depending on the SNMP version that the management station supports. If the snmp-server host command does not specify the SNMP version, the default is to send SNMP version 1 traps. • Some notification types cannot be controlled with the snmp-server enable traps command. For example, some notification types are always enabled. Example Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.23 batman Console(config)# Related Commands snmp-server enable traps May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-93 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide snmp-server enable traps Use this command to enable this device to send Simple Network Management Protocol traps (SNMP notifications). Use the no form to disable SNMP notifications. Syntax snmp-server enable traps [authentication | link-up-down] no snmp-server enable traps [authentication | link-up-down] • authentication - Keyword to issue authentication failure traps. • link-up-down - Keyword to issue link-up or link-down traps. Default Setting Issue authentication and link-up-down traps. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • If you do not enter an snmp-server enable traps command, no notifications controlled by this command are sent. In order to configure this device to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at least one snmp-server enable traps command. If you enter the command with no keywords, all notification types are enabled. If you enter the command with a keyword, only the notification type related to that keyword is enabled. • The snmp-server enable traps command is used in conjunction with the snmp-server host command. Use the snmp-server host command to specify which host or hosts receive SNMP notifications. In order to send notifications, you must configure at least one snmp-server host command. Example Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps link-up-down Console(config)# Related Commands snmp-server host (4-93) snmp ip filter Sets the IP addresses of clients that are allowed management access to the switch via SNMP. Use the no form of this command to remove an IP address. Syntax snmp ip filter ip_address subnet_mask no snmp ip filter ip_address subnet_mask • ip_address - An IP address indicating a client or group of clients that are allowed SNMP access to the switch. • subnet_mask - An address bitmask of decimal numbers that represent the address bits to match. Default Setting None 4-94 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • You can create a list of up to 16 IP addresses or IP address groups that are allowed access to the switch via SNMP management software. • Address bitmasks are similar to a subnet mask, containing four decimal integers from 0 to 255, each separated by a period. The binary mask uses “1” bits to indicate “match” and “0” bits to indicate “ignore.” • If the IP is the address of a single management station, the bitmask should be set to 255.255.255.255. Otherwise, the IP address group is specified by the bitmask. • The default setting is null, which allows all IP groups SNMP access to the switch. If one IP address is configured, the IP filtering is enabled and only addresses in the IP group will have SNMP access. • IP filtering does not affect management access to the switch using the Web interface or Telnet. Example The following example enables SNMP IP filtering on the switch and allows SNMP management access to client IP 10.1.2.3, and client IP group 10.1.3.0 to 10.1.3.255. Console(config)#snmp ip filter 10.1.2.3 255.255.255.255 Console(config)#snmp ip filter 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 Console(config)# Related Commands show snmp (4-95) show snmp Use this command to check the status of SNMP communications. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage This command provides information on the community access strings, counter information for SNMP input and output protocol data units, and whether or not SNMP logging has been enabled with the snmp-server enable traps command. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-95 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console#show snmp SNMP traps: Authentication: enable Link-up-down: enable SNMP communities: 1. private, and the privilege is read-write 2. public, and the privilege is read-only 0 SNMP packets input 0 Bad SNMP version errors 0 Unknown community name 0 Illegal operation for community name supplied 0 Encoding errors 0 Number of requested variables 0 Number of altered variables 0 Get-request PDUs 0 Get-next PDUs 0 Set-request PDUs 0 SNMP packets output 0 Too big errors 0 No such name errors 0 Bad values errors 0 General errors 0 Response PDUs 0 Trap PDUs SNMP logging: disabled SNMP ip filter group: 1. IP:10.1.2.3 Mask:255.255.255.255 valid 2. IP:10.1.3.0 Mask:255.255.255.0 valid Console# IP Commands An IP address may be used for management access to the switch over your network. By default, the switch uses DHCP to assign IP settings to VLAN 1 on the switch. If you wish to manually configure IP settings, you need to change the switch’s user-specified defaults (IP address 0.0.0.0 and netmask 255.0.0.0) to values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to a establish a default gateway between the switch and management stations that exist on another network segment. 4-96 Command Function Mode Page ip address Sets the IP address for this device IC 4-97 ip dhcp restart Submits a BOOTP or DCHP client request PE 4-98 ip default-gateway Defines the default gateway through which an in-band management station can reach this device GC 4-98 show ip interface Displays the IP settings for this device PE 4-99 show ip redirects Displays the default gateway configured for this device PE 4-99 ping Sends ICMP echo request packets to another node on the network NE, PE 4-100 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface ip address Use this command to set the IP address for this device. Use the no form to restore the default IP address. Syntax ip address {ip-address netmask | bootp | dhcp} no ip address • ip-address - IP address • netmask - Network mask for the associated IP subnet. This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. • bootp - Obtains IP address from BOOTP. • dhcp - Obtains IP address from DHCP. Default Setting IP address: 0.0.0.0 Netmask: 255.0.0.0 Command Mode Interface Configuration (VLAN) Command Usage • You must assign an IP address to this device to gain management access over the network. You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the configuration program. • If you select the bootp or dhcp option, IP is enabled but will not function until a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. Requests will be broadcast periodically by this device in an effort to learn its IP address. (BOOTP and DHCP values can include the IP address, default gateway, and subnet mask). • You can start broadcasting BOOTP or DHCP requests by entering an ip dhcp restart command, or by rebooting the switch. Note:Only one VLAN interface can be assigned an IP address (the default is VLAN 1). This defines the management VLAN, the only VLAN through which you can gain management access to the switch. If you assign an IP address to any other VLAN, the new IP address overrides the original IP address and this becomes the new management VLAN. Example In the following example, the device is assigned an address in VLAN 1. Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)# Related Commands ip dhcp restart May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-97 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide ip dhcp restart Use this command to submit a BOOTP or DCHP client request. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • DHCP requires the server to reassign the client’s last address if available. • If the BOOTP or DHCP server has been moved to a different domain, the network portion of the address provided to the client will be based on this new domain. Example In the following example, the device is reassigned the same address. Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp Console(config-if)#exit Console#ip dhcp restart Console#show ip interface IP interface vlan IP address and netmask: 10.1.0.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: Dhcp. Console# Related Commands ip address (4-97) ip default-gateway Use this command to a establish a static route between this device and management stations that exist on another network segment. Use the no form to remove the static route. Syntax ip default-gateway gateway no ip default-gateway gateway - IP address of the default gateway Default Setting No static route is established. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage A gateway must be defined if the management station is located in a different IP segment. Example The following example defines a default gateway for this device: Console(config)#ip default-gateway 10.1.0.254 Console(config)# 4-98 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Related Commands show ip redirects (4-99) show ip interface Use this command to display the settings of an IP interface. Default Setting All interfaces Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage This switch can only be assigned one IP address. This address is used for managing the switch. Example Console#show ip interface IP address and netmask: 10.1.0.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: User specified. Console# Related Commands show ip redirects show ip redirects Use this command to show the default gateway configured for this device. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ip redirects ip default gateway 10.1.0.254 Console# Related Commands ip default-gateway (4-98) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-99 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide ping Use this command to send ICMP echo request packets to another node on the network. Syntax ping host [count count][size size] • host - IP address or IP alias of the host. • count - Number of packets to send. (Range: 1-16, default: 5) • size - Number of bytes in a packet. (Range: 32-512, default: 32) The actual packet size will be eight bytes larger than the size specified because the switch adds header information. Default Setting This command has no default for the host. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage • Use the ping command to see if another site on the network can be reached. • Following are some results of the ping command: • Normal response -The normal response occurs in one to ten seconds, depending on network traffic. • Destination does not respond - If the host does not respond, a “timeout” appears in ten seconds. • Destination unreachable - The gateway for this destination indicates that the destination is unreachable. • Network or host unreachable - The gateway found no corresponding entry in the route table. • Press <Esc> to stop pinging. Example Console#ping 10.1.0.9 Type ESC to abort. PING to 10.1.0.9, by 5 32-byte payload ICMP packets, timeout is 5 seconds response time: 10 ms response time: 10 ms response time: 10 ms response time: 10 ms response time: 0 ms Ping statistics for 10.1.0.9: 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received (100%), 0 packets lost (0%) Approximate round trip times: Minimum = 0 ms, Maximum = 10 ms, Average = 8 ms Console# Related Commands interface (4-109) 4-100 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Line Commands You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the server’s serial port. These commands are used to set communication parameters for the serial port or a virtual terminal. Note that Telnet is considered a virtual terminal connection, and the only commands that apply to Telnet include exec-timeout and password-thresh. Command Function Mode Page line Identifies a specific line for configuration and starts the line configuration mode GC 4-101 login Enables password checking at login LC 4-102 password Specifies a password on a line LC 4-103 exec-timeout Sets the interval that the command interpreter waits until user input is detected LC 4-103 password-thresh Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the number of failed logon attempts LC 4-104 silent-time Sets the amount of time the management console is LC inaccessible after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts exceeds the threshold set by the password-thresh command 4-105 databits Sets the number of data bits per character that are interpreted and generated by hardware LC 4-105 parity Defines the generation of a parity bit LC 4-106 speed Sets the terminal baud rate LC 4-106 stopbits Sets the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte LC 4-107 show line Displays a terminal line's parameters NE, PE 4-107 line Use this command to identify a specific line for configuration, and to process subsequent line configuration commands. Syntax line {console | vty} • console - Console terminal line. • vty - Virtual terminal for remote console access. Default Setting There is no default line. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage Telnet is considered a virtual terminal connection and will be shown as “Vty” in screen displays such as show users. However, the serial communication parameters (e.g., databits) do not affect Telnet connections. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-101 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example To enter console line mode, enter the following command: Console(config)#line console Console(config-line)# Related Commands show line (4-107) show users (4-47) login Use this command to enable password checking at login. Use the no form to disable password checking and allow connections without a password. Syntax login [local] no login local - Selects local password checking. Authentication is based on the user name specified with the username command. Default Setting local - Selects local password checking. Authentication is based on the user name specified with the username command. Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage • There are three authentication modes provided by the switch itself at login: - login selects authentication by a single global password as specified by the password line configuration command. When using this method, the management interface starts in Normal Exec (NE) mode. - login local selects authentication via the user name and password specified by the username command (i.e., default setting). When using this method, the management interface starts in Normal Exec (NE) or Privileged Exec (PE) mode, depending on the user’s privilege level (0 or 15 respectively). - no login selects no authentication. When using this method, the management interface starts in Normal Exec (NE) mode. • This command controls login authentication via the switch itself. To configure user names and passwords for remote authentication servers, you must use the RADIUS software installed on those servers. Example Console(config-line)#login local Console(config-line)# Related Commands username (4-20) password 4-102 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface password Use this command to specify the password for a line. Use the no form to remove the password. Syntax password {0 | 7} password no password - {0 | 7} - 0 means plain password, 7 means encrypted password - password - Character string that specifies the line password. (Maximum length: 8 characters plain text, 32 encrypted, case sensitive) Default Setting No password is specified. Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage • When a connection is started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password. If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. You can use the password-thresh command to set the number of times a user can enter an incorrect password before the system terminates the line connection and returns the terminal to the idle state. • The encrypted password is required for compatiblity with legacy password settings (i.e., plain text or encrypted) when reading the configuration file during system bootup or when downloading the configuration file from a TFTP server. There is no need for you to manually configure encrypted passwords. Example Console(config-line)#password 0 secret Console(config-line)# Related Commands login (4-102) password-thresh (4-104) exec-timeout Use this command to set the interval that the system waits until user input is detected. Use the no form to remove the timeout definition. Syntax exec-timeout seconds no exec-timeout seconds - Integer that specifies the number of seconds. (Range: 0 - 65535 seconds; 0: no timeout) Default Setting CLI: No timeout Telnet: 10 minutes Command Mode Line Configuration May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-103 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Usage • If input is detected, the system resumes the current connection; or if no connections exist, it returns the terminal to the idle state and disconnects the incoming session. • This command applies to both the local console and Telnet connections. • The timeout for Telnet cannot be disabled. Example To set the timeout to two minutes, enter this command: Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 120 Console(config-line)# password-thresh Use this command to set the password intrusion threshold which limits the number of failed logon attempts. Use the no form to remove the threshold value. Syntax password-thresh threshold no password-thresh threshold - The number of allowed password attempts. (Range: 1-120; 0: no threshold) Default Setting The default value is three attempts. Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage • When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time before allowing the next logon attempt. (Use the silent-time command to set this interval.) When this threshold is reached for Telnet, the Telnet logon interface shuts down. • This command applies to both the local console and Telnet connections. Example To set the password threshold to five attempts, enter this command: Console(config-line)#password-thresh 5 Console(config-line)# Related Commands silent-time 4-104 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface silent-time Use this command to set the amount of time the management console is inaccessible after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts exceeds the threshold set by the password-thresh command. Use the no form to remove the silent time value. Syntax silent-time seconds no silent-time seconds - The number of seconds to disable console response. (Range: 0-65535; 0: no silent-time) Default Setting The default value is no silent-time. Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage If the password threshold was not set with the password-thresh command, silent-time begins after the default value of three failed logon attempts. Example To set the silent time to 60 seconds, enter this command: Console(config-line)#silent-time 60 Console(config-line)# Related Commands password-thresh (4-104) databits Use this command to set the number of data bits per character that are interpreted and generated by the console port. Use the no form to restore the default value. Syntax databits {7 | 8} no databits • 7 - Seven data bits per character. • 8 - Eight data bits per character. Default Setting 8 data bits per character Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage The databits command can be used to mask the high bit on input from devices that generate 7 data bits with parity. If parity is being generated, specify 7 data bits per character. If no parity is required, specify 8 data bits per character. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-105 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example To specify 7 data bits, enter this command: Console(config-line)#databits 7 Console(config-line)# Related Commands parity parity Use this command to define generation of a parity bit. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax parity {none | even | odd} no parity • none - No parity • even - Even parity • odd - Odd parity Default Setting No parity Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage Communication protocols provided by devices such as terminals and modems often require a specific parity bit setting. Example To specify no parity, enter this command: Console(config-line)#parity none Console(config-line)# speed Use this command to set the terminal line's baud rate. This command sets both the transmit (to terminal) and receive (from terminal) speeds. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax speed bps no speed bps - Baud rate in bits per second. (Options: 9600, 57600, 38400, 19200, 115200 bps) Default Setting 9600 bps 4-106 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage Set the speed to match the baud rate of the device connected to the serial port. Some baud rates available on devices connected to the port might not be supported. The system indicates if the speed you selected is not supported. Example To specify 57600 bps, enter this command: Console(config-line)#speed 57600 Console(config-line)# stopbits Use this command to set the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax stopbits {1 | 2} • 1 - One stop bit • 2 - Two stop bits Default Setting 1 stop bit Command Mode Line Configuration Example To specify 2 stop bits, enter this command: Console(config-line)#stopbits 2 Console(config-line)# show line Use this command to display the terminal line's parameters. Syntax show line [console | vty] • console - Console terminal line. • vty - Virtual terminal for remote console access. Default Setting Shows all lines Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-107 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example To show all lines, enter this command: Console#show line Console configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: Disabled Silent time: Disabled Baudrate: 9600 Databits: 8 Parity: none Stopbits: 1 Vty configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: 65535 Console# Interface Commands These commands are used to display or set communication parameters for an Ethernet port, aggregated link, or VLAN. 4-108 Command Function Mode Page interface Configures an interface type and enters interface configuration mode GC 4-109 description Adds a description to an interface configuration IC 4-109 speed-duplex Configures the speed and duplex operation of a given interface when auto-negotiation is disabled IC 4-110 negotiation Enables auto-negotiation of a given interface IC 4-110 capabilities Advertises the capabilities of a given interface for use in autonegotiation IC 4-111 flowcontrol Enables flow control on a given interface IC 4-112 shutdown Disables an interface IC 4-113 switchport broadcast Configures broadcast storm control IC 4-114 port security Enables port security on an interface. IC 4-114 port security (EdgeIron 2402CF) Enables port security on an interface. IC 4-116 clear counters Clears statistics on an interface PE 4-117 show interfaces status Displays status for the specified interface NE, PE 4-117 show interfaces counters Displays statistics for the specified interface NE, PE 4-118 show interfaces switchport Displays the administrative and operational status of an interface NE, PE 4-119 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface interface Use this command to configure an interface type and enter interface configuration mode. Use the no form to remove a trunk. Syntax interface interface no interface port-channel channel-id interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) • vlan vlan-id (Range: 1-4094) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Example To specify the Ethernet port, enter the following command: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/25 Console(config-if)# description Use this command to add a description to an interface. Use the no form to remove the description. Syntax description string no description string - Comment or a description to help you remember what is attached to this interface. (Range: 1-64 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Example The following example adds a description to Ethernet port 15. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/15 Console(config-if)#description RD-SW#3 Console(config-if)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-109 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide speed-duplex Use this command to configure the speed and duplex mode of a given interface when autonegotiation is disabled. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax speed-duplex {1000full | 100full | 100half | 10full | 10half} no speed-duplex • 1000full - Forces 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation • 100full - Forces 100 Mbps full-duplex operation • 100half - Forces 100 Mbps half-duplex operation • 10full - Forces 10 Mbps full-duplex operation • 10half - Forces 10 Mbps half-duplex operation Default Setting • Auto-negotiation is enabled by default. • When auto-negotiation is disabled, the default speed-duplex setting is 1000full for Gigabit Ethernet ports. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • To force operation to the speed and duplex mode specified in a speed-duplex command, use the no negotiation command to disable auto-negotiation on the selected interface. • When using the negotiation command to enable auto-negotiation, the optimal settings will be determined by the capabilities command. To set the speed/duplex mode under auto-negotiation, the required mode must be specified in the capabilities list for an interface. Example The following example configures port 5 to 100 Mbps, half-duplex operation. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#speed-duplex 100half Console(config-if)#no negotiation Console(config-if)# Related Commands negotiation (4-110) capabilities (4-111) negotiation Use this command to enable auto-negotiation for a given interface. Use the no form to disable autonegotiation. Syntax negotiation no negotiation Default Setting Enabled 4-110 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • When auto-negotiation is enabled the switch will negotiate the best settings for a link based on the capabilities command. When auto-negotiation is disabled, you must manually specify the link attributes with the speed-duplex and flowcontrol commands. • If auto-negotiation is disabled, auto-MDI/MDI-X pin signal configuration will also be disabled for the RJ-45 ports. Note: Auto MDI/MDIX cannot work at forced mode. Example The following example configures port 11 to use auto-negotiation. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/11 Console(config-if)#negotiation Related Commands capabilities (4-111) speed-duplex (4-110) flowcontrol (4-112) capabilities Use this command to advertise the port capabilities of a given interface during auto-negotiation. Use the no form with parameters to remove an advertised capability, or the no form without parameters to restore the default values. Syntax capabilities {1000full | 100full | 100half | 10full | 10half | flowcontrol | symmetric} no port-capabilities [1000full | 100full | 100half | 10full | 10half | flowcontrol | symmetric] • 1000full - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation • 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation • 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation • 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation • 10half - Supports 10 Mbps half-duplex operation • flowcontrol - Supports flow control • symmetric (Gigabit only) - When specified, the port transmits and receives pause frames; when not specified, the port will auto-negotiate to determine the sender and receiver for asymmetric pause frames. (The current switch ASIC only supports symmetric pause frames.) Note: Flow control setting applies only to forced-mode configuration. The auto-negotiation behavior is dependent on a port’s capability setting. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-111 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Default Setting • 100BASE-TX: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full • 1000BASE-T: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full • 1000BASE-SX/LX/LH: 1000full Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage When auto-negotiation is enabled with the negotiation command, the switch will negotiate the best settings for a link based on the capabilites command. When auto-negotiation is disabled, you must manually specify the link attributes with the speed-duplex and flowcontrol commands. Example The following example configures Ethernet port 5 capabilities to 100half, 100full and flow control. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#capabilities 100half Console(config-if)#capabilities 100full Console(config-if)#capabilities flowcontrol Console(config-if)# Related Commands speed-duplex (4-110) negotiation (4-110) flowcontrol (4-112) flowcontrol Use this command to enable flow control. Use the no form to disable flow control. Syntax flowcontrol no flowcontrol Default Setting Flow control enabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled, back pressure is used for halfduplex operation and IEEE 802.3x for full-duplex operation. • When using the negotiation command to enable auto-negotiation, the optimal settings will be determined by the capabilities command. To enable flow control under auto-negotiation, “flowcontrol” must be included in the capabilities list for any port. • To force flow control on or off (with the flowcontrol or no flowcontrol command), use the no negotiation command to disable auto-negotiation on the selected interface. 4-112 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface • Avoid using flow control on a port connected to a hub unless it is actually required to solve a problem. Otherwise back pressure jamming signals may degrade overall performance for the segment attached to the hub. • Due to a hardware limitation, flow control only works on those ports located in the same chip (ports 1-24, 49 and ports 25-48, 50). Cross-chip flow control does not work. Example The following example enables flow control on port 5. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#flowcontrol Console(config-if)#no negotiation Console(config-if)# Related Commands capabilities (4-111) negotiation (4-110) shutdown Use this command to disable an interface. To restart a disabled interface, use the no form. Syntax shutdown no shutdown Default Setting All interfaces are enabled. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage This command allows you to disable a port due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then reenable it after the problem has been resolved. You may also want to disable a port for security reasons. Example The following example disables port 5. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#shutdown Console(config-if)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-113 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide switchport broadcast Use this command to configure broadcast storm control. Use the no form to disable broadcast storm control. Syntax switchport broadcast packet-rate rate no switchport broadcast rate - Threshold level as a rate; i.e., packets per second. (Range – EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF: 500 - 262143; EdgeIron 24G-A, 24G, 48G: 16, 64, 128, 256) Default Setting Enabled for all ports Packet-rate limit – EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF: 500 packets per second; EdgeIron 24G-A, 24G, 48G: 256 packets per second Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • When broadcast traffic exceeds the specified threshold, packets above that threshold are dropped. • This command can enable or disable broadcast storm control for the selected interface. However, the specified threshold value applies to all ports on the switch. • Enabling jumbo frames for the EdgeIron 24G-A will limit the maximum threshold for broadcast storm control to 64 packets per second. Example The following shows how to configure broadcast storm control at 600 packets per second on port 5. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#switchport broadcast packet-rate 600 Console(config-if)# port security Use this command to enable and configure port security on a port. Use the no form to disable port security or reset the intrusion action to the default. Syntax port security [action {shutdown | trap | trap-and-shutdown}] no port security [action] • action - Indicates the security action to be taken when a port security violation is detected. - shutdown - Disable the port only. - trap - Issue an SNMP trap message only. - trap-and-shutdown - Issue an SNMP trap message and disable the port. Default Setting Status: Disabled Action: None 4-114 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • If you enable port security, the switch will stop dynamically learning new addresses on the specified port. Only incoming traffic with source addresses already stored in the dynamic or static address table will be accepted. • To use port security, first allow the switch to dynamically learn the <source MAC address, VLAN> pair for frames received on a port for an initial training period, and then enable port security to stop address learning. Be sure you enable the learning function long enough to ensure that all valid VLAN members have been registered on the selected port. • To add new VLAN members at a later time, you can manually add secure addresses with the mac-address-table static command, or turn off port security to reenable the learning function long enough for new VLAN members to be registered. Learning may then be disabled again, if desired, for security. • A secure port has the following restrictions: - Cannot be connected to a network interconnection device. - Cannot be a member of a static trunk. - It can be configured as an LACP trunk port, but the switch does not allow the LACP trunk to be enabled. • A port that is already configured as an LACP or static trunk port cannot be enabled as a secure port. • If a port is disabled due to a security violation, it must be manually re-enabled by using the no shutdown command. • EdgeIron 24G-A, 24G, 48G restrictions: - The switch only supports the trap-and-shutdown security action. - Although the port security action command is an Interface Configuration command, it applies globally to all switch ports. Example This example sets the port security action for the switch and enables port security for port 5. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#port security action trap-and-shutdown Console(config-if)#port security Console(config-if)# Related Commands shutdown (4-113) mac-address-table static (4-121) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-115 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide port security (EdgeIron 2402CF) Use this command to enable and configure port security on a port. Use the no form to disable port security and reset the maximum addresses to the default. Syntax port security [max-mac-count address-number] no port security [max-mac-count] address-number - Sets the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on a port. (Range: 0 - 20) Default Setting Status: Disabled Maximum Addresses: 0 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • If you enable port security on a specified port, the switch will dynamically learn MAC addresses until the specified number has been reached and then stop. Only incoming traffic with source addresses already stored in the dynamic or static address table will be accepted. • To use port security, specify a maximum number of addresses to allow on the port and then let the switch dynamically learn the <source MAC address, VLAN> pair for frames received on the port. You can also manually add secure addresses to the port with the mac-address-table static command. • First use the port security max-mac-count command to set the number of addresses, and then use the port security command to enable security on the port. • Use the no port security max-mac-count command to disable port security and reset the maximum number of addresses to the default. • A secure port has the following restrictions: - Cannot be connected to a network interconnection device. - Cannot be a member of a static trunk. - It can be configured as an LACP trunk port, but the switch does not allow the LACP trunk to be enabled. • A port that is already configured as an LACP or static trunk port cannot be enabled as a secure port. • Note that the EdgeIron 2402CF does not provide an intrusion action to shutdown a port or send an SNMP trap message. Example This example sets the maximum MAC addresses and enables port security for port 5. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#port security max-mac-count 10 Console(config-if)#port security Console(config-if)# Related Commands mac-address-table static (4-121) 4-116 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface clear counters Use this command to clear statistics on an interface. Syntax clear counters interface interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage Statistics are only initialized for a power reset. This command sets the base value for displayed statistics to zero for the current management session. However, if you log out and back into the management interface, the statistics displayed will show the absolute value accumulated since the last power reset. Example The following example clears statistics on port 5. Console#clear counters ethernet 1/5 Console# show interfaces status Use this command to display the status for an interface. Syntax show interfaces status interface interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) • vlan vlan-id (Range: 1-4094) Default Setting Shows the status for all interfaces. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-117 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Usage • If no interface is specified, information on all interfaces is displayed. • For a description of the items displayed by this command, see “Displaying Connection Status” on page 3-52. Example Console#show interface status ethernet 1/5 Information of Eth 1/5 Basic information: Port type: 100TX Mac address: 00-30-F1-47-58-3F Configuration: Name: Port admin: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, Broadcast storm: Enabled Broadcast storm limit: 500 packets/second Flow control: Disabled Lacp: Disabled Port security: Disabled Port security action: None Current status: Link status: Up Port operation status: Up Operation speed-duplex: 100full Flow control type: None Console# show interfaces counters Use this command to display statistics for an interface. Syntax show interfaces counters [interface | brief] • interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) • brief - Displays brief information for all ports. Default Setting Shows the counters for all interfaces. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage • If no interface is specified, information on all interfaces is displayed. • For a description of the items displayed by this command, see “Showing Device Statistics” on page 3-120. 4-118 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console#show interfaces counters ethernet 1/7 Ethernet 1/ 7 Iftable stats: Octets input: 30658, Octets output: 196550 Unicast input: 6, Unicast output: 5 Discard input: 0, Discard output: 0 Error input: 0, Error output: 0 Unknown protos input: 0, QLen output: 0 Extended iftable stats: Multi-cast input: 0, Multi-cast output: 3064 Broadcast input: 262, Broadcast output: 1 Ether-like stats: Alignment errors: 0, FCS errors: 0 Single Collision frames: 0, Multiple collision frames: 0 SQE Test errors: 0, Deferred transmissions: 0 Late collisions: 0, Excessive collisions: 0 Internal mac transmit errors: 0, Internal mac receive errors: 0 Frame too longs: 0, Carrier sense errors: 0 Symbol errors: 0 RMON stats: Drop events: 0, Octets: 227208, Packets: 3338 Broadcast pkts: 263, Multi-cast pkts: 3064 Undersize pkts: 0, Oversize pkts: 0 Fragments: 0, Jabbers: 0 CRC align errors: 0, Collisions: 0 Packet size <= 64 octets: 3150, Packet size 65 to 127 octets: 139 Packet size 128 to 255 octets: 49, Packet size 256 to 511 octets: 0 Packet size 512 to 1023 octets: 0, Packet size 1024 to 1518 octets: 0 Console# This example displays brief information for all ports. Console#show interfaces counters brief Ethernet Packets Collision Port [Receive Transmit] [Receive] 1/ 1 0 0 0 1/ 2 0 0 0 1/ 3 0 0 0 1/ 4 0 0 0 1/ 5 0 0 0 1/ 6 0 0 0 1/ 7 0 0 0 1/ 8 0 0 0 1/ 9 0 0 0 1/10 0 0 0 1/11 0 0 0 1/12 0 0 0 1/13 0 0 0 1/14 0 0 0 1/15 0 0 0 1/16 0 0 0 1/17 0 0 0 1/18 0 0 0 1/19 0 0 0 1/20 0 0 0 1/21 0 0 0 1/22 0 0 0 1/23 27 819 0 1/24 0 0 0 Console# Errors [Input Output] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 show interfaces switchport Use this command to display the administrative and operational status of specified interfaces. Syntax show interfaces switchport [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-119 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Default Setting Shows all interfaces. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage If no interface is specified, information on all interfaces is displayed. The items displayed by this command include: • Broadcast threshold – Shows if broadcast storm suppression is enabled or disabled; if enabled it also shows the threshold level (page 4-114). • Lacp status – Shows if Link Aggregation Control Protocol has been enabled or disabled (page 4-182). • Dual-mode – Indicates if Dual Mode has been enabled. • VLAN membership mode – Indicates membership mode as Trunk or Hybrid (page 4-144). • Ingress rule – Shows if ingress filtering is enabled or disabled (page 4-145). • Acceptable frame type – Shows if acceptable VLAN frames include all types or tagged frames only (page 4-145). • Native VLAN – Indicates the default Port VLAN ID (page 4-146). • Priority for untagged traffic – Indicates the default priority for untagged frames (page 4-164). • Gvrp status – Shows if GARP VLAN Registration Protocol is enabled or disabled (page 4-154). • Allowed Vlan – Shows the VLANs this interface has joined, where “(u)” indicates untagged and “(t)” indicates tagged (page 4-147). • Forbidden Vlan – Shows the VLANs this interface can not dynamically join via GVRP (page 4-148). Example This example shows the configuration setting for Ethernet port 15. Console#show interfaces switchport ethernet 1/15 Information of Eth 1/23 Broadcast threshold: Enabled, 500 packets/second Lacp status: Disabled Dual-mode: 0 Ingress rate limit: disable,1000M bits per second Egress rate limit: disable,1000M bits per second VLAN membership mode: Hybrid Ingress rule: Disabled Acceptable frame type: All frames Native VLAN: 1 Priority for untagged traffic: 0 Gvrp status: Disabled Allowed Vlan: 1(u), Forbidden Vlan: Console# 4-120 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Address Table Commands These commands are used to configure the address table for filtering specified addresses, displaying current entries, clearing the table, or setting the aging time. Command Function Mode Page mac-address-table static Maps a static address to a port in a VLAN GC 4-121 show mac-address-table Displays entries in the forwarding database PE 4-122 clear mac-address-table dynamic Removes any learned entries from the forwarding database PE 4-123 mac-address-table agingtime Sets the aging time of the address table GC 4-123 show mac-address-table aging-time Showsthe aging time for the address table PE 4-123 mac-address-table static Use this command to map a static address to a port in a VLAN. Use the no form to remove an address. Syntax mac-address-table static mac-address interface vlan vlan-id [action] no mac-address-table static mac-address vlan vlan-id • mac-address - MAC address. • interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-4) • vlan-id - VLAN ID (Range: 1-4094) • action • delete-on-reset - Assignment lasts until switch is reset. • permanent - Assignment is permanent. Default Setting No static addresses are defined. The default mode is permanent. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The static address for a host device can be assigned to a specific port within a specific VLAN. Use this command to add static addresses to the MAC Address Table. Static addresses have the following characteristics: • Static addresses will not be removed from the address table when a given interface link is down. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-121 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved. When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and will not be written to the address table. • A static address cannot be learned on another port until the address is removed with the no form of this command. Example Console(config)#mac-address-table static 00-e0-29-94-34-de ethernet 1/1 vlan 1 delete-on-reset Console(config)# show mac-address-table Use this command to view classes of entries in the bridge-forwarding database. Syntax show mac-address-table [address mac-address [mask]] [interface interface] [vlan vlan-id] [sort {address | vlan | interface}] • mac-address - MAC address. • mask - Bits to match in the address. • interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-4) • vlan-id - VLAN ID (Range: 1-4094) • sort - Sort by address, vlan or interface. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • The MAC Address Table contains the MAC addresses associated with each interface. Note that the Type field may include the following types: - Learned - dynamic address entries - Permanent - static entry - Delete-on-reset - static entry to be deleted when system is reset • The mask should be hexadecimal numbers (representing an equivalent bit mask) in the form xxxx-xx-xx-xx-xx that is applied to the specified MAC address. Enter hexadecimal numbers, where an equivalent binary bit “0” means to match a bit and “1” means to ignore a bit. For example, a mask of 00-00-00-00-00-00 means an exact match, and a mask of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF means “any.” • The maximum number of address entries is 8191. 4-122 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console#show mac-address-table Interface Mac Address Vlan Type --------- ----------------- ---- ----------------Eth 1/ 1 00-e0-29-94-34-de 1 Delete-on-reset Console# clear mac-address-table dynamic Use this command to remove any learned entries from the forwarding database and to clear the transmit and receive counts for any static or system configured entries. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#clear mac-address-table dynamic Console# mac-address-table aging-time Use this command to set the aging time for entries in the address table. Use the no form to restore the default aging time. Syntax mac-address-table aging-time seconds no mac-address-table aging-time seconds - Time is number of seconds (EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF, 24G-A and 48G: 0, or 10-1000000; EdgeIron 24G: 17-2184.) Default Setting 300 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The aging time is used to age out dynamically learned forwarding information. Example Console(config)#mac-address-table aging-time 100 Console(config)# show mac-address-table aging-time Use this command to show the aging time for entries in the address table. Default Setting None May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-123 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show mac-address-table aging-time Aging time: 300 sec. Console# Spanning Tree Commands This section includes commands that configure the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) for the overall switch, and commands that configure STP for the selected interface. 4-124 Command Function Mode spanning-tree Enables the spanning tree protocol GC 4-125 spanning-tree forwardtime Configures the spanning tree bridge forward time GC 4-126 spanning-tree hello-time Configures the spanning tree bridge hello time GC 4-126 spanning-tree max-age Configures the spanning tree bridge maximum age GC 4-127 spanning-tree priority Configures the spanning tree bridge priority GC 4-127 spanning-tree path-cost method Configures the path cost method for RSTP/MSTP GC 4-128 spanning-tree transmission-limit Configures the transmission limit for RSTP/MSTP GC 4-128 spanning-tree spanning-disabled Disables spanning tree for an interface IC 4-129 spanning-tree mstconfiguration Changes to MSTP configuration mode GC 4-130 mst vlan Adds VLANs to a spanning tree instance MST 4-130 mst priority Configures the priority of a spanning tree instance MST 4-131 name Configures the name for the multiple spanning tree MST 4-131 revision Configures the revision number for the multiple spanning tree MST 4-132 max-hops Configures the maximum number of hops allowed in the region before a BPDU is discarded MST 4-132 spanning-tree cost Configures the spanning tree path cost of an interface IC 4-133 spanning-tree port priority Configures the spanning tree priority of an interface IC 4-134 spanning-tree portfast Sets an interface to fast forwarding IC 4-134 spanning-tree edge-port Enables fast forwarding for edge ports IC 4-135 spanning-tree protocolmigration Re-checks the appropriate BPDU format PE 4-136 spanning-tree link-type Configures the link type for RSTP/MSTP IC 4-136 spanning-tree mst cost Configures the path cost of an instance in the MST IC 4-137 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. Page May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Function Mode spanning-tree mst portpriority Configures the priority of an instance in the MST IC 4-138 show spanning-tree Shows the spanning tree configuration for the common spanning tree or for an instance within the multiple spanning tree PE 4-137 show spanning-tree mst configuration Shows the multiple spanning tree configuration PE 4-139 Page Note: The spanning-tree mode command has been removed and replaced by RSTP mode for the global spanning tree and PVST-compliant mode for each VLAN. If the switch detects a device running STP it will automatically downgrade to STP. Presently the firmware does not support MSTP. spanning-tree Use this command to enable the Spanning Tree Protocol globally for this switch. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax spanning-tree no spanning-tree Default Setting Spanning tree is enabled. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The Spanning Tree Protocol can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links between switches, bridges or routers. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (that is, an STP-compliant switch, bridge or router) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network, and provide backup links which automatically take over when a primary link goes down. Example The following example enables the Spanning Tree Protocol for this switch: Console(config)#spanning-tree Console(config)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-125 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide spanning-tree forward-time Use this command to configure the SpanningTree bridge forward time globally for this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree forward-time seconds no spanning-tree forward-time seconds - Time in seconds. (Range: 4-30 seconds) The minimum value is the higher of 4 or [(max-age / 2) + 1]. Default Setting 15 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command sets the maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (i.e., discarding to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a discarding state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. Example Console(config)#spanning-tree forward-time 20 Console(config)# spanning-tree hello-time Use this command to configure the spanning tree bridge hello time globally for this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree hello-time time no spanning-tree hello-time time - Time in seconds. (Range: 1-10 seconds) The maximum value is the lower of 10 or [(max-age / 2) -1]. Default Setting 2 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command sets the time interval (in seconds) at which the root device transmits a configuration message. Example Console(config)#spanning-tree hello-time 5 Console(config)# 4-126 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface spanning-tree max-age Use this command to configure the spanning tree bridge maximum age globally for this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree max-age seconds no spanning-tree max-age seconds - Time in seconds. (Range: 6-40 seconds) The minimum value is the higher of 6 or [2 x (hello-time + 1)]. The maximum value is the lower of 40 or [2 x (forward-time - 1)]. Default Setting 20 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command sets the maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information (provided in the last configuration message) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network. Example Console(config)#spanning-tree max-age 40 Console(config)# spanning-tree priority Use this command to configure the spanning tree priority globally for this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree priority priority no spanning-tree priority priority - Priority of the bridge. (Range – 0-61440, in steps of 4096; Options: 0, 4096, 8192, 12288, 16384, 20480, 24576, 28672, 32768, 36864, 40960, 45056, 49152, 53248, 57344, 61440) Default Setting 32768 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage Bridge priority is used in selecting the root device, root port, and designated port. The device with the highest priority becomes the STP root device. However, if all devices have the same priority, the device with the lowest MAC address will then become the root device. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-127 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console(config)#spanning-tree priority 40000 Console(config)# spanning-tree pathcost method Use this command to configure the path cost method used for the Rapid Spanning Tree and Multiple Spanning Tree. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree pathcost method {long | short} no spanning-tree pathcost method • long - Specifies 32-bit based values that range from 1-200,000,000. • short - Specifies 16-bit based values that range from 1-65535. Default Setting short method Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The path cost method is used to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to ports attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to ports with slower media. Note that path cost (page 4-133) takes precedence over port priority (page 4-134). Example Console(config)#spanning-tree pathcost method long Console(config)# spanning-tree transmission-limit Use this command to configure the minimum interval between the transmission of consecutive RSTP/MSTP BPDUs. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree transmission-limit count no spanning-tree transmission-limit count - The transmission limit in seconds. (Range: 1-10) Default Setting 3 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command limit the maximum transmission rate for BPDUs. 4-128 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console(config)#spanning-tree transmission-limit 4 Console(config)# spanning-tree spanning-disabled This command disables the spanning tree algorithm for the specified interface. Use the no form to reenable the spanning tree algorithm for the specified interface. Syntax [no] spanning-tree spanning-disabled Default Setting Enabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Example This example disables the spanning tree algorithm for port 5. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree spanning-disabled Console(config-if)# Multiple Spanning Tree Notes: 1. All settings for MSTP are applicable to PVST configuration. 2. The spanning-tree mode command has been removed and replaced by RSTP mode for the global spanning tree and PVST-compliant mode for each VLAN. If the switch detects a device running STP it will automatically downgrade to STP. Presently the firmware does not support MSTP. spanning-tree mst-configuration Use this command to change to Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) configuration mode. Default Setting • No VLANs are mapped to any MST instance. • The region name is set the switch’s MAC address. Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#spanning-tree mst-configuration Console(config-mstp)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-129 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide spanning-tree mst-configuration Use this command to change to Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) configuration mode. Default Setting • No VLANs are mapped to any MST instance. • The region name is undefined. Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#spanning-tree mst-configuration Console(config-mst)# Related Commands mst vlan (4-130) mst priority (4-131) name (4-131) revision (4-132) max-hops (4-132) mst vlan Use this command to add VLANs to a Spanning Tree instance. Use the no form to remove the specified VLANs. Using the no form without any VLAN parameters to remove all VLANs. Syntax mst instance_id vlan vlan-range no mst instance_id [vlan vlan-range] • instance_id - Instance identifier of the spanning tree. (Range: 0-63) • vlan-range - Range of VLANs. (Range: 1-4094) Default Setting none Command Mode MST Configuration Command Usage • Use this command to group VLANs into spanning tree instances. MSTP generates a unique spanning tree for each instance. This provides multiple pathways across the network, thereby balancing the traffic load, preventing wide-scale disruption when a bridge node in a single instance fails, and allowing for faster convergence of a new topology for the failed instance. • By default all VLANs are assigned to the Internal Spanning Tree (MSTI 0) that connects all bridges and LANs within the MST region. This switch supports up to 65 instances. You should try to group VLANs which cover the same general area of your network. However, remember that you must configure all bridges within the same MSTI Region (page ) with the same set of instances, and the same instance (on each bridge) with the same set of VLANs. Also, note that RSTP treats each MSTI region as a single node, and connects all regions to the Common Spanning Tree. 4-130 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example Console(config-mst)#mst 1 vlan 2-5 Console(config-mst)# mst priority Use this command to configure the priority of a spanning tree instance. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax mst instance_id priority priority no mst instance_id priority • instance_id - Instance identifier of the spanning tree. (Range: 0-64) • priority - Priority of the a spanning tree instance. (Range: 0-61440 in steps of 4096; Options: 0, 4096, 8192, 12288, 16384, 20480, 24576, 28672, 32768, 36864, 40960, 45056, 49152, 53248, 57344, 61440) Default Setting 32768 Command Mode MST Configuration Command Usage • MST priority is used in selecting the root bridge and alternate bridge of the specified instance. The device with the highest priority (i.e., lowest numerical value) becomes the MSTI root device. However, if all devices have the same priority, the device with the lowest MAC address will then become the root device. • You can set this switch to act as the MSTI root device by specifying a priority of 0, or as the MSTI alternate device by specifying a priority of 16384. Example Console(config-mst)#mst 1 priority 4096 Console(config-mst)# name Use this command to configure the name for the multiple spanning tree region in which this switch is located. Use the no form to clear the name. Syntax name name name - Name of the spanning tree. Default Setting none Command Mode MST Configuration May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-131 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Usage The MST region name and revision number (page ) are used to designate a unique MST region. A bridge (i.e., spanning-tree compliant device such as this switch) can only belong to one MST region. And all bridges in the same region must be configured with the same MST instances. Example Console(config-mst)#name R&D Console(config-mst)# Related Commands revision revision Use this command to configure the revision number for this multiple spanning tree configuration of this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax revision number number - Revision number of the spanning tree. (Range: 0-65535) Default Setting 0 Command Mode MST Configuration Command Usage The MST region name (page ) and revision number are used to designate a unique MST region. A bridge (i.e., spanning-tree compliant device such as this switch) can only belong to one MST region. And all bridges in the same region must be configured with the same MST instances. Example Console(config-mst)#revision 1 Console(config-mst)# Related Commands name max-hops Use this command to configure the maximum number of hops in the region before a BPDU is discarded. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax max-hops hop-number hop-number - Maximum hop number for multiple spanning tree. (Range: 1-40) Default Setting 20 Command Mode MST Configuration 4-132 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage A MSTI region is treated as a single node by the STP and RSTP protocols. Therefore, the message age for BPDUs inside a MSTI region is never changed. However, each spanning tree instance within a region, and the internal spanning tree (IST) that connects these instances use a hop count to specify the maximum number of bridges that will propagate a BPDU. Each bridge decrements the hop count by one before passing on the BPDU. When the hop count reaches zero, the message is dropped. Example Console(config-mst)#max-hops 30 Console(config-mst)# spanning-tree cost Use this command to configure the spanning tree path cost for the specified interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree cost cost no spanning-tree cost cost - The path cost for the interface. (Range – 1-200,000,000) The recommended range is - Ethernet: 200,000-20,000,000 - Fast Ethernet: 20,000-2,000,000 - Gigabit Ethernet: 2,000-200,000 Default Setting • Ethernet – half duplex: 2,000,000; full duplex: 1,000,000; trunk: 500,000 • Fast Ethernet – half duplex: 200,000; full duplex: 100,000; trunk: 50,000 • Gigabit Ethernet – full duplex: 10,000; trunk: 5,000 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • This parameter is used by the Spanning-Tree Protocol to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to interfaces attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to interfaces with slower media. • Path cost takes precedence over interface priority. • When the Spanning-Tree pathcost method is set to short, the maximum value for path cost is 65,535. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree cost 50 Console(config-if)# Related Commands spanning-tree port-priority (4-134) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-133 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide spanning-tree port-priority Use this command to configure the priority for the specified interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree port-priority priority no spanning-tree port-priority priority - The priority for an interface. (Range: 0-240, in steps of 16) Default Setting 128 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • This command defines the priority for the use of an interface in the spanning tree. If the path cost for all interfaces on a switch are the same, the interface with the highest priority (that is, lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the spanning tree. • Where more than one interface is assigned the highest priority, the interface with lowest numeric identifier will be enabled. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree port-priority 0 Console(config-if)# Related Commands spanning-tree cost (4-133) spanning-tree portfast Use this command to set an interface to fast forwarding. Use the no form to disable fast forwarding. Syntax spanning-tree portfast no spanning-tree portfast Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • This command is used to enable/disable the fast spanning tree mode for the selected interface. In this mode, interfaces skip the Learning state and proceed straight to Forwarding. 4-134 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface • Since end-nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can be passed through the spanning tree state changes more quickly than allowed by standard convergence time. Fast forwarding can achieve quicker convergence for end-node workstations and servers, and also overcome other STP related timeout problems. (Remember that fast forwarding should only be enabled for ports connected to a LAN segment that is at the end of a bridged LAN, or for an end-node device.) • This command is the same as spanning-tree edge-port, and is only included for backward compatibility with earlier products. Note that this command may be removed for future software versions. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast Console(config-if)# Related Commands spanning-tree edge-port (4-135) spanning-tree edge-port Use this command to specify an interface as an edge port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree edge-port no spanning-tree edge-port Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • You can enable this option if an interface is attached to a LAN segment that is at the end of bridged LAN or to an end node. Since end nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can pass directly through to the spanning tree forwarding state. Specifying Edge Ports provides quicker convergence for devices such as workstations or servers, retains the current forwarding database to reduce the amount of frame flooding required to rebuild address tables during reconfiguration events, does not cause the spanning tree to initiate reconfiguration when the interface changes state, and also overcomes other STP-related timeout problems. However, remember that Edge Port should only be enabled for ports connected to an end-node device. • This command has the same effect as the spanning-tree portfast command. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree edge-port Console(config-if)# Related Commands spanning-tree portfast (4-134) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-135 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide spanning-tree protocol-migration Use this command to re-check the appropriate BPDU format to send on the selected interface. Syntax spanning-tree protocol-migration interface interface • ethernet unit/port-number - unit - This is device 1. - port-number • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage If at any time the switch detects STP BPDUs, including Configuration or Topology Change Notification BPDUs, it will automatically set the selected interface to forced STP-compatible mode. However, you can also use the spanning-tree protocol-migration command at any time to manually re-check the appropriate BPDU format to send on the selected interfaces (i.e., RSTP or STP-compatible). Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree protocol-migration Console(config-if)# spanning-tree link-type Use this command to configure the link type for the Rapid Spanning Tree and Multiple Spanning Tree. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree link-type {auto | point-to-point | shared} no spanning-tree link-type • auto - Automatically derived from the duplex mode setting. • point-to-point - Point-to-point link. • shared - Shared medium. Default Setting auto Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • Specify a point-to-point link if the interface can only be connected to exactly one other bridge, or a shared link if it can be connected to two or more bridges. • When automatic detection is selected, the switch derives the link type from the duplex mode. A full-duplex interface is considered a point-to-point link, while a half-duplex interface is assumed to be on a shared link. 4-136 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface • RSTP only works on point-to-point links between two bridges. If you designate a port as a shared link, RSTP is forbidden. Since MSTP is an extension of RSTP, this same restriction applies. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree link-type point-to-point Console(config-if)# spanning-tree mst cost Use this command to configure the path cost on a spanning instance in the Multiple Spanning Tree. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree mst instance_id cost cost no spanning-tree mst instance_id cost • instance_id - Instance identifier of the spanning tree. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes) • cost - Path cost for an interface. (Range: 1-200,000,000) The recommended range is • Ethernet: 200,000-20,000,000 • Fast Ethernet: 20,000-2,000,000 • Gigabit Ethernet: 2,000-200,000 Default Setting • Ethernet – half duplex: 2,000,000; full duplex: 1,000,000; trunk: 500,000 • Fast Ethernet – half duplex: 200,000; full duplex: 100,000; trunk: 50,000 • Gigabit Ethernet – full duplex: 10,000; trunk: 5,000 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • Each spanning-tree instance is associated with a unique set of VLAN IDs. • This command is used by the multiple spanning-tree algorithm to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to interfaces attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to interfaces with slower media. • Path cost takes precedence over interface priority. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree mst 1 cost 50 Console(config-if)# Related Commands spanning-tree mst port-priority (4-138) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-137 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide spanning-tree mst port-priority Use this command to configure the interface priority on a spanning instance in the Multiple Spanning Tree. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree mst instance_id port-priority priority no spanning-tree mst instance_id port-priority • instance_id - Instance identifier of the spanning tree. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes) • priority - Priority for an interface. (Range: 0-240 in steps of 16) Default Setting 128 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • This command defines the priority for the use of an interface in the multiple spanning-tree. If the path cost for all interfaces on a switch are the same, the interface with the highest priority (that is, lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the spanning tree. • Where more than one interface is assigned the highest priority, the interface with lowest numeric identifier will be enabled. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#spanning-tree mst 1 port-priority 0 Console(config-if)# Related Commands spanning-tree mst cost (4-137) show spanning-tree Use this command to show the configuration for the common spanning tree (CST) or for an instance within the multiple spanning tree (MSTI). Syntax show spanning-tree [interface | mst instance_id] • interface • ethernet unit/port-number - unit - This is device 1. - port-number • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) • instance_id - Instance identifier of the multiple spanning tree. (Range: 0-64, no leading zeroes) Default Setting None 4-138 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • Use the show spanning-tree command with no parameters to display the spanning tree configuration for the Common spanning tree (CST) and for every interface in the tree. • Use the show spanning-tree interface command to display the spanning tree configuration for an interface within the Common spanning tree (CST). • For a description of the items displayed under “Spanning-tree information,” see “STP Configuration” on page 3-77. For a description of the items displayed for specific interfaces, see “STP Port and Trunk Information” on page 3-81. • Use the show spanning-tree mst instance_id command to display the spanning tree configuration for an instance within the Multiple Spanning Tree (MST). Example Console#show spanning-tree Spanning-tree information --------------------------------------------------------------Spanning tree mode :RSTP Spanning tree enable/disable :enable Priority :32768 Bridge Hello Time (sec.) :2 Bridge Max Age (sec.) :20 Bridge Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Root Hello Time (sec.) :2 Root Max Age (sec.) :20 Root Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Designated Root :32768.000011112222 Current root port :0 Current root cost :0 Number of topology changes :1 Last topology changes time (sec.):25067 Transmission limit :3 Path Cost Method :long --------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/ 1 information --------------------------------------------------------------Admin status : enable Role : disable State : discarding Path cost : 10000 Priority : 128 Designated cost : 0 Designated port : 128.1 Designated root : 32768.000011112222 Designated bridge : 32768.000011112222 Fast forwarding : disable Forward transitions : 0 Admin edge port : disable Oper edge port : disable Admin Link type : auto Oper Link type : point-to-point . . . Console# show spanning-tree mst configuration Use this command to show the configuration of the multiple spanning tree. Syntax show spanning-tree mst configuration Command Mode Privileged Exec May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-139 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example Console#show spanning-tree mst configuration Mstp Configuration Information -------------------------------------------------------------Instance Vlans -------------------------------------------------------------0 1-4094 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 . . . 60 61 62 63 64 Console# 60 61 62 63 64 VLAN Commands A VLAN is a group of ports that can be located anywhere in the network, but communicate as though they belong to the same physical segment. This section describes commands used to create VLAN groups, add port members, specify how VLAN tagging is used, and enable automatic VLAN registration for the selected interface. Command Function Mode Page vlan Configures a VLAN, including VID, name and state GC 4-141 untagged ethernet Assign a port as an untagged member of a port-based VLAN VC 4-142 tagged ethernet Assigns a port as a tagged member of a port-based VLAN VC 4-142 dual-mode Configures a tagged port to transmit and receive both tagged and untagged frames IC 4-143 interface vlan Enters interface configuration mode for specified VLAN IC 4-144 switchport mode Configures VLAN membership mode for an interface IC 4-144 switchport acceptable-frametypes Configures frame types to be accepted by an interface IC 4-145 swicthport ingress-filtering Enables ingress filtering on an interface IC 4-145 switchport native vlan Configures the PVID (native VLAN) of an interface IC 4-146 switchport allowed vlan Configures the VLANs associated with an interface IC 4-147 switchport gvrp Enables GVRP for an interface IC 4-154 switchport forbidden vlan Configures forbidden VLANs for an interface IC 4-148 Edit VLAN Groups Configure VLAN Interfaces 4-140 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Function Mode Page show vlan Shows VLAN information NE, PE 4-148 show interfaces status vlan Displays status for the specified VLAN interface NE, PE 4-119 show interfaces switchport Displays the administrative and operational status of an interface NE, PE 4-119 Display VLAN Information vlan Use this command to create VLANs and enter VLAN configuration mode. Use the no form to delete a VLAN. Syntax vlan vlan-id [by port | name vlan-name] no vlan vlan-id • vlan-id - ID of configured VLAN. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes) • by port - Forces the VLAN to be port based. • name - Keyword to be followed by the VLAN name. • vlan-name - ASCII string from 1 to 16 characters. Note: The maximum length of a VLAN name is 16 characters (the same as RFC2674 MIB definition). When a VLAN name is set through the ifAlias object (RFC2863 MIB), up to 64 characters can be used, but the name is always truncated to 16 characters, because both refer to the same database. The maximum lengths for all other names (such as ports and trunks) are 64 characters. Default Setting By default only VLAN 1 exists and is active. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • Use the VLAN command mode to add, change and delete VLANs. After finishing configuration changes, you can display the VLAN settings by entering the show vlan command. • When no vlan vlan-id is used, the VLAN is deleted. • You can configure up to 255 VLANs on the switch. Example The following example adds a VLAN, using vlan-id 105 and name RD5. The VLAN is activated by default. Console(config)#vlan 105 name RD5 Console(config-vlan-105)# Related Commands show vlan (4-148) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-141 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide untagged ethernet Use this command to assign ports as untagged members of a port-based VLAN. Use the no form to remove ports from a port-based VLAN. Syntax untagged ethernet interface [to interface] no untagged ethernet interface [to interface] • interface - Specifies a port number, or the start or end of a port range, to assign to the VLAN. • unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • to - Specifies the end of a port number range. Default Setting None Command Mode VLAN Configuration Example The following example shows how to assign switch ports 1 to 8 as untagged members of VLAN 222. Console(config)#vlan 222 by port Console(config-vlan-222)#untagged ethernet 1/1 to 1/8 Console(config-if)# Related Commands vlan (4-141) tagged ethernet (4-142) dual mode (4-143) tagged ethernet Use this command to assign ports as tagged members of a port-based VLAN. Use the no form to remove ports from the port-based VLAN. Syntax tagged ethernet interface [to interface] no tagged ethernet interface [to interface] • interface - Specifies a port number, or the start or end of a port range, to assign to the VLAN. • unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • to - Specifies the end of a port number range. Default Setting None Command Mode VLAN Configuration 4-142 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example The following example shows how to assign port 5 as a tagged member of VLAN 222. Console(config)#vlan 222 by port Console(config-vlan-222)#tagged ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)# dual-mode Use this command to enable a tagged VLAN port to accept and transmit both tagged and untagged traffic. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax dual-mode [vlan_id] no dual-mode • vlan_id - Specifies the default VLAN ID for the port. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes). Default Setting Disabled Command Usage Configuring a tagged port as a dual-mode port allows it to accept and transmit both tagged traffic and untagged traffic at the same time. A dual-mode port transmits only untagged traffic on its default VLAN (that is either VLAN 1, or a user specified VLAN ID), and only tagged traffic on all other VLANs. Command Mode Interface Configuration Example The following example shows how to enable dual-mode on port 5 and set its default VLAN ID to 10. Console(config)#vlan 10 by port Console(config-vlan-10)#untagged ethernet 1/1 Console(config)#vlan 222 by port Console(config-vlan-222)#tagged ethernet 1/5 Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#dual-mode 10 Console(config-if)# Related Commands vlan (4-141) tagged ethernet (4-142) untagged ethernet (4-142) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-143 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Configuring VLAN Interfaces interface vlan Use this command to enter interface configuration mode for VLANs, and configure a physical interface. Syntax interface vlan vlan-id vlan-id - ID of the configured VLAN. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Example The following example shows how to set the interface configuration mode to VLAN 1, and then assign an IP address to the VLAN: Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)# switchport mode Use this command to configure the VLAN membership mode for a port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax switchport mode {trunk | hybrid} no switchport mode • trunk - Specifies a port as an end-point for a VLAN trunk. A trunk is a direct link between two switches, so the port transmits tagged frames that identify the source VLAN. Note that frames belonging to the port’s default VLAN (i.e.,associated with the PVID) are also transmitted as tagged frames. • hybrid - Specifies a hybrid VLAN interface. The port may transmit tagged or untagged frames. Default Setting All ports are in hybrid mode with the PVID set to VLAN 1. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Example The following shows how to set the configuration mode to port 1, and then set the switchport mode to hybrid: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport mode hybrid Console(config-if)# 4-144 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Related Commands switchport acceptable-frame-types (4-145) switchport acceptable-frame-types Use this command to configure the acceptable frame types for a port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax switchport acceptable-frame-types {all | tagged} no switchport acceptable-frame-types • all - The port passes all frames, tagged or untagged. • tagged - The port only passes tagged frames. Default Setting All frame types Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage When set to receive all frame types, any received frames that are untagged are assigned to the default VLAN. Example The following example shows how to restrict the traffic passed on port 1 to tagged frames: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport acceptable-frame-types tagged Console(config-if)# Related Commands switchport mode (4-144) switchport ingress-filtering Use this command to enable ingress filtering for an interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax switchport ingress-filtering no switchport ingress-filtering Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-145 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Usage • Ingress filtering only affects tagged frames. • If ingress filtering is disabled and a port receives frames tagged for VLANs for which it is not a member, these frames will be flooded to all other ports (except for those VLANs explicitly forbidden on this port). • If ingress filtering is enabled and a port receives frames tagged for VLANs for which it is not a member, these frames will be discarded. • Ingress filtering does not affect VLAN independent BPDU frames, such as GVRP or STP. However, they do affect VLAN dependent BPDU frames, such as GMRP. Example The following example shows how to set the interface to port 1 and then enable ingress filtering: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport ingress-filtering Console(config-if)# switchport native vlan Use this command to configure the PVID (i.e., default VLAN ID) for a port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax switchport native vlan vlan-id no switchport native vlan vlan-id - Default VLAN ID for a port. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes) Default Setting VLAN 1 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • If an interface is not a member of VLAN 1 and you assign its PVID to this VLAN, the interface will automatically be added to VLAN 1 as an untagged member. For all other VLANs, an interface must first be configured as an untagged member before you can assign its PVID to that group. • If acceptable frame types is set to all or switchport mode is set to hybrid, the PVID will be inserted into all untagged frames entering the ingress port. Example The following example shows how to set the PVID for port 1 to VLAN 3: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport native vlan 3 Console(config-if)# 4-146 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface switchport allowed vlan Use this command to configure VLAN groups on the selected interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax switchport allowed vlan {add vlan-list [tagged | untagged] | remove vlan-list} no switchport allowed vlan • add vlan-list - List of VLAN identifiers to add. • remove vlan-list - List of VLAN identifiers to remove. • vlan-list - Separate nonconsecutive VLAN identifiers with a comma and no spaces; use a hyphen to designate a range of IDs. Do not enter leading zeros. (Range: 1-4094) Default Setting All ports are assigned to VLAN 1 by default. The default frame type is untagged. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • If switchport mode is set to trunk, then you can only assign an interface to VLAN groups as a tagged member. • Frames are always tagged within the switch. The tagged/untagged parameter used when adding a VLAN to an interface tells the switch whether to keep or remove the tag from a frame on egress. • If none of the intermediate network devices nor the host at the other end of the connection supports VLANs, the interface should be added to these VLANs as an untagged member. Otherwise, it is only necessary to add at most one VLAN as untagged, and this should correspond to the native VLAN for the interface. • If a VLAN on the forbidden list for an interface is manually added to that interface, the VLAN is automatically removed from the forbidden list for that interface. Example The following example shows how to add VLANs 2, 5 and 6 to the allowed list as tagged VLANs for port 1: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport allowed vlan add 2,5,6 tagged Console(config-if)# May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-147 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide switchport forbidden vlan Use this command to configure forbidden VLANs. Use the no form to remove the list of forbidden VLANs. Syntax switchport forbidden vlan {add vlan-list | remove vlan-list} no switchport forbidden vlan • add vlan-list - List of VLAN identifiers to add. • remove vlan-list - List of VLAN identifiers to remove. • vlan-list - Separate nonconsecutive VLAN identifiers with a comma and no spaces; use a hyphen to designate a range of IDs. Do not enter leading zeros. (Range: 1-4094) Default Setting No VLANs are included in the forbidden list. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • This command prevents a VLAN from being automatically added to the specified interface via GVRP. • If a VLAN has been added to the set of allowed VLANs for an interface, then you cannot add it to the set of forbidden VLANs for that same interface. Example The following example shows how to prevent port 1 from being added to VLAN 3: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport forbidden vlan add 3 Console(config-if)# show vlan Use this command to show VLAN information. Syntax show vlan [id vlan-id | name vlan-name] • id - Keyword to be followed by the VLAN ID. - vlan-id - ID of the configured VLAN. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes) • name - Keyword to be followed by the VLAN name. - vlan-name - ASCII string from 1 to 32 characters. Default Setting Shows all VLANs. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec 4-148 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example The following example shows how to display information for VLAN 33: Console#show vlan id 1 VLAN Type Name Status Ports/Channel groups ---- ------- ---------------- --------- ------------------------------------33 Static Blue Active Eth1/ 2 Eth1/ 3 Eth1/ 6 Eth1/ 7 Eth1/ 9 Eth1/ 10 Eth1/ 11 Eth1/ 12 Console# Private VLAN Commands Private VLANs provide port-based security and isolation between ports within the assigned VLAN. This switch supports two types of private VLAN ports: promiscuous, and community ports. A promiscuous port can communicate with all interfaces within a private VLAN. Community ports can only communicate with other ports in their own community VLAN, and with their designated promiscuous ports. This section describes commands used to conigure private VLANs. Command Function Mode Page private-vlan Adds or deletes primary and secondary VLANs VC 4-150 private-vlan association Associates a secondary VLAN with a primary VLAN VC 4-150 Edit Private VLAN Groups Configure Private VLAN Interfaces switchport mode private-vlan Sets an interface to host mode or promiscuous mode IC 4-151 switchport private-vlan hostassociation Associates an interface with a secondary VLAN IC 4-152 switchport private-vlan mapping Maps an interface to a primary VLAN IC 4-152 NE, PE 4-153 Display Private VLAN Information show vlan private-vlan Shows private VLAN information To configure private VLANs, follow these steps: 1. Use the private-vlan command to designate one or more community VLANs and the primary VLAN that will channel traffic outside the community groups. 2. Use the private-vlan association command to map the secondary (i.e., community) VLAN(s) to the primary VLAN. 3. Use the switchport mode private-vlan command to configure ports as promiscuous (i.e., having access to all ports in the primary VLAN) or host (i.e., having access restricted to community VLAN members, and channeling all other traffic through a promiscuous port). 4. Use the switchport private-vlan host-association command to assign a port to a secondary VLAN. 5. Use the switchport private-vlan mapping command to assign a port to a primary VLAN. 6. Use the show vlan private-vlan command to verify your configuration settings. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-149 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Editing Private VLAN Groups private-vlan Use this command to create a primary or secondary (i.e., community) private VLAN. Use the no form to remove the specified private VLAN. Syntax private-vlan vlan-id {community | primary} no private-vlan vlan-id • vlan-id - ID of private VLAN. (Range: 1-4093, no leading zeroes). • community – Specifies a community VLAN. • primary – Specifies a primary VLAN. Default Setting None Command Mode VLAN Configuration Command Usage • Private VLANs are used to restrict traffic to ports within the same VLAN “community,” and channel traffic passing outside the community through promiscuous ports that have been mapped to the associated “primary” VLAN. • Port membership for private VLANs is static. Once a port has been assigned to a private VLAN, it cannot be dynamically moved to another VLAN via GVRP. • Private VLAN ports cannot be set to trunked mode. (See “switchport mode” on page 4-144.) Example Console(config)#vlan database Console(config-vlan)#private-vlan 2 primary Console(config-vlan)#private-vlan 3 community Console(config)# private vlan association Use this command to associate a primary VLAN with a secondary (i.e., community) VLAN. Use the no form to remove all associations for the specified primary VLAN. Syntax private-vlan primary-vlan-id association {secondary-vlan-id | add secondary-vlan-id | remove secondary-vlan-id} no private-vlan primary-vlan-id association • primary-vlan-id - ID of primary VLAN. (Range: 2-4094, no leading zeroes). • secondary-vlan-id - ID of secondary (i.e, community) VLAN. (Range: 2-4094, no leading zeroes). Default Setting None 4-150 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode VLAN Configuration Command Usage Secondary VLANs provide security for group members. The associated primary VLAN provides a common interface for access to other network resources within the primary VLAN (e.g., servers configured with promiscuous ports) and to resources outside of the primary VLAN (via promiscuous ports). Example Console(config-vlan)#private-vlan 2 association 3 Console(config)# Configuring Private VLAN Interfaces switchport mode private-vlan Use this command to set the private VLAN mode for an interface. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax switchport mode private-vlan {host | promiscuous} no switchport mode private-vlan • host – This port type can communicate with all other host ports assigned to the same secondary VLAN. All communications outside of this VLAN must pass through a promiscuous port in the associated primary VLAN. • promiscuous – This port type can communicate with all other promiscuous ports in the same primary VLAN, as well as with all the ports in the associated secondary VLANs. Default Setting Normal VLAN Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage Promiscuous ports assigned to a primary VLAN can communicate with all other promiscuous ports in the same VLAN, as well as with all the ports in the associated secondary VLANs. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet Console(config-if)#switchport mode Console(config)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet Console(config-if)#switchport mode Console(config)# May 2004 1/2 private-vlan promiscuous 1/3 private-vlan host © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-151 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide switchport private-vlan host-association Use this command to associate an interface with a secondary VLAN. Use the no form to remove this association. Syntax switchport private-vlan host-association secondary-vlan-id no switchport private-vlan host-association • secondary-vlan-id – ID of secondary (i.e, community) VLAN. (Range: 1-4093, no leading zeroes). Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage All ports assigned to a secondary (i.e., community) VLAN can pass traffic between group members, but must communicate with resources outside of the group via a promiscuous port. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/3 Console(config-if)#switchport private-vlan host-association 3 Console(config)# switchport private-vlan mapping Use this command to map an interface to a primary VLAN. Use the no form to remove this mapping. Syntax switchport private-vlan mapping primary-vlan-id no switchport private-vlan mapping primary-vlan-id – ID of primary VLAN. (Range: 1-4093, no leading zeroes). Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage Promiscuous ports assigned to a primary VLAN can communicate with any other promiscuous ports in the same VLAN, and with the group members within any associated secondary VLANs. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 Console(config-if)#switchport private-vlan mapping 2 Console(config)# 4-152 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Displaying Private VLAN Information show vlan private-vlan Use this command to show the private VLAN configuration settings on this switch. Syntax show vlan private-vlan [community | primary] • community – Displays all community VLANs, along with their associate primary VLAN and assigned host interfaces. • primary – Displays all primary VLANs, along with any assigned promiscuous interfaces. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Executive Example Console#show vlan private-vlan Primary Secondary Type -------- ----------- ---------5 primary 5 6 community Console# Interfaces -----------------------------Eth1/ 3 Eth1/ 4 Eth1/ 5 GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands GARP VLAN Registration Protocol defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to automatically register VLAN members on interfaces across the network. This section describes how to enable GVRP for individual interfaces and globally for the switch, as well as how to display default configuration settings for the Bridge Extension MIB.This section describes how to display default configuration settings for the Bridge Extension MIB. Note: Under the following condition, GVRP does not leave and join dynamically. In LAB testing, tagged frames transmitted at wire speed, dynamically changing the VLAN tag information from VLAN ID 1 to 128, results in GVRP failing after 10 to 20 minutes. Command Function Mode Page switchport gvrp Enables GVRP for an interface IC 4-154 switchport forbidden vlan Configures forbidden VLANs for an interface IC 4-148 show gvrp configuration Displays GVRP configuration for selected interface NE, PE 4-154 garp timer Sets the GARP timer for the selected function IC 4-155 show garp timer Shows the GARP timer for the selected function NE, PE 4-156 Interface Commands May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-153 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Function Mode Page bridge-ext gvrp Enables GVRP globally for the switch GC 4-156 show bridge-ext Shows bridge extension configuration PE 4-157 Global Commands switchport gvrp Use this command to enable GVRP for a port. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax switchport gvrp no switchport gvrp Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport gvrp Console(config-if)# show gvrp configuration Use this command to show if GVRP is enabled. Syntax show gvrp configuration [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Default Setting Shows both global and interface-specific configuration. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Example Console#show gvrp configuration ethernet 1/7 Eth 1/ 7: Gvrp configuration: Disabled Console# 4-154 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface garp timer Use this command to set the values for the join, leave and leaveall timers. Use the no form to restore the timers’ default values. Syntax garp timer {join | leave | leaveall} timer_value no garp timer {join | leave | leaveall} • {join | leave | leaveall} - Which timer to set. • timer_value - Value of timer. Ranges: join: 20-1000 centiseconds leave: 60-3000 centiseconds leaveall: 500-18000 centiseconds Default Setting • join: 20 centiseconds • leave: 60 centiseconds • leaveall: 1000 centiseconds Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • Group Address Registration Protocol is used by GVRP and GMRP to register or deregister client attributes for client services within a bridged LAN. The default values for the GARP timers are independent of the media access method or data rate. These values should not be changed unless you are experiencing difficulties with GMRP or GVRP registration/deregistration. • Timer values are applied to GVRP for all the ports on all VLANs. • Timer values must meet the following restrictions: leave >= (2 x join) leaveall > leave Note:Set GVRP timers on all Layer 2 devices connected in the same network to the same values. Otherwise, GVRP will not operate successfully. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#garp timer join 100 Console(config-if)# Related Commands show garp timer (4-156) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-155 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide show garp timer Use this command to show the GARP timers for the selected interface. Syntax show garp timer [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Default Setting Shows all GARP timers. Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Example Console#show garp timer ethernet 1/1 Eth 1/ 1 GARP timer status: Join timer: 20 centiseconds Leave timer: 60 centiseconds Leaveall timer: 1000 centiseconds Console# Related Commands garp timer (4-155) bridge-ext gvrp Use this command to enable GVRP. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax bridge-ext gvrp no bridge-ext gvrp Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage GVRP defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register VLAN members on ports across the network. This function should be enabled to permit automatic VLAN registration, and to support VLANs which extend beyond the local switch. Example Console(config)#bridge-ext gvrp Console(config)# 4-156 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface show bridge-ext Use this command to show the configuration for bridge extension commands. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage See “Displaying Basic VLAN Information” on page 3-92 and “Port Configuration” on page 3-52 for a description of the displayed items. Example Console#show bridge-ext Max support vlan numbers: 255 Max support vlan ID: 4094 Extended multicast filtering services: No Static entry individual port: Yes VLAN learning: IVL Configurable PVID tagging: Yes Local VLAN capable: No Traffic classes: Enabled Global GVRP status: Disabled GMRP: Disabled Console# IGMP Snooping Commands This switch uses IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) to query for any attached hosts that want to receive a specific multicast service. It identifies the ports containing hosts requesting a service and sends data out to those ports only. It then propagates the service request up to any neighboring multicast switch/router to ensure that it will continue to receive the multicast service. Command Function Mode Page ip igmp snooping Enables IGMP snooping GC 4-158 ip igmp snooping vlan static Adds an interface as a member of a multicast group GC 4-158 ip igmp snooping version Configures the IGMP version for snooping GC 4-159 show ip igmp snooping Shows the IGMP snooping configuration PE 4-159 show bridge multicast Shows the IGMP snooping MAC multicast list PE 4-160 ip igmp snooping querier Allows this device to act as the querier for IGMP snooping GC 4-160 ip igmp snooping query-count Configures the query count GC 4-161 ip igmp snooping query-interval Configures the query interval GC 4-161 ip igmp snooping query-maxresponsetime GC 4-162 Basic IGMP Commands IGMP Querier Commands May 2004 Configures the report delay © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-157 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Function Mode Page ip igmp snooping router-portexpire-time Configures the query timeout GC 4-163 ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter Adds a multicast router port GC 4-163 show ip igmp snooping mrouter Shows multicast router ports PE 4-164 Multicast Router Commands Basic IGMP Commands ip igmp snooping Use this command to enable IGMP snooping on this switch. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax ip igmp snooping no ip igmp snooping Default Setting Enabled Command Mode Global Configuration Example The following example enables IGMP snooping. Console(config)#ip igmp snooping Console(config)# ip igmp snooping vlan static Use this command to add a port to a multicast group. Use the no form to remove the port. Syntax ip igmp snooping vlan vlan-id static ip-address interface no ip igmp snooping vlan vlan-id static ip-address interface • vlan-id - VLAN ID (Range: 1-4094) • ip-address - IP address for multicast group • interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration 4-158 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example The following shows how to statically configure a multicast group on a port: Console(config)#ip igmp snooping vlan 1 static 224.0.0.12 ethernet 1/5 Console(config)# ip igmp snooping version Use this command to configure the IGMP snooping version. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax ip igmp snooping version {1 | 2} no ip igmp snooping version • 1 - IGMP Version 1 • 2 - IGMP Version 2 Default Setting IGMP Version 2 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • All systems on the subnet must support the same version. If there are legacy devices in your network that only support Version 1, you will also have to configure this switch to use Version 1. • Some commands are only enabled for IGMPv2, including ip igmp query-max-response-time and ip igmp router-port-expire-time. Example The following configures the switch to use IGMP Version 1: Console(config)#ip igmp snooping version 1 Console(config)# show ip igmp snooping Use this command to show the IGMP snooping configuration. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage See “Configuring IGMP Parameters” on page 3-115 for a description of the displayed items. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-159 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example The following shows the current IGMP snooping configuration: Console#show ip igmp snooping Service status: Enabled Querier status: Enabled Query count: 2 Query interval: 125 sec Query max response time: 10 sec Query time-out: 300 sec IGMP snooping version: Version 2 Console# show mac-address-table multicast Use this command to show known multicast addresses. Syntax show mac-address-table multicast [vlan vlan-id] [user | igmp-snooping] • vlan-id - VLAN ID (1 to 4094) • user - Display only the user-configured multicast entries. • igmp-snooping - Display only entries learned through IGMP snooping. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage Member types displayed include IGMP or USER, depending on selected options. Example The following shows the multicast entries learned through IGMP snooping for VLAN 1: Console#show mac-address-table multicast vlan 1 igmp-snooping VLAN M'cast IP addr. Member ports Type ------------------ -----------------1 224.1.2.3 Eth1/11 IGMP Console# IGMP Querier Commands ip igmp snooping querier Use this command to enable the switch as an IGMP snooping querier. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax ip igmp snooping querier no ip igmp snooping querier Default Setting Enabled Command Mode Global Configuration 4-160 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage If enabled, the switch will serve as querier if elected. The querier is responsible for asking hosts if they want to receive multicast traffic. Example Console(config)#ip igmp snooping querier Console(config)# ip igmp snooping query-count Use this command to configure the query count. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax ip igmp snooping query-count count no ip igmp snooping query-count count - The maximum number of queries issued for which there has been no response before the switch takes action to solicit reports. (Range: 2-10) Default Setting 2 times Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The query count defines how long the querier waits for a response from a multicast client before taking action. If a querier has sent a number of queries defined by this command, but a client has not responded, a countdown timer is started using the time defined by ip igmp snooping querymax-response-time. If the countdown finishes, and the client still has not responded, then that client is considered to have left the multicast group. Example The following shows how to configure the query count to 10: Console(config)#ip igmp snooping query-count 10 Console(config)# ip igmp snooping query-interval Use this command to configure the snooping query interval. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax ip igmp snooping query-interval seconds no ip igmp snooping query-interval seconds - The frequency at which the switch sends IGMP host-query messages. (Range: 60-125) Default Setting 125 seconds May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-161 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Mode Global Configuration Example The following shows how to configure the query interval to 100 seconds: Console(config)#ip igmp snooping query-interval 100 Console(config)# ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time Use this command to configure the snooping report delay. Use the no form of this command to restore the default. Syntax ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time seconds no ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time seconds - The report delay advertised in IGMP queries. (Range: 5-30) Default Setting 10 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The switch must be using IGMPv2 for this command to take effect. • This command defines the time after a query, during which a response is expected from a multicast client. If a querier has sent a number of queries defined by the ip igmp snooping querycount, but a client has not responded, a countdown timer is started using an initial value set by this command. If the countdown finishes, and the client still has not responded, then that client is considered to have left the multicast group. Example The following shows how to configure the maximum response time to 20 seconds. Console(config)#ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time 20 Console(config)# Related Commands ip igmp snooping version (4-159) 4-162 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time Use this command to configure the snooping query-timeout. Use the no form of this command to restore the default. Syntax ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time seconds no ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time seconds - The time the switch waits after the previous querier stops before it considers the router port (i.e., the interface which had been receiving query packets) to have expired. (Range: 300-500) Default Setting 300 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The switch must be using IGMPv2 for this command to take effect. Example The following shows how to configure the default timeout to 300 seconds: Console(config)#ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time 300 Console(config)# Related Commands ip igmp snooping version (4-159) Multicast Router Commands ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter Use this command to statically configure a multicast router port. Use the no form to remove the configuration. Syntax ip igmp snooping vlan vlan-id mrouter interface no ip igmp snooping vlan vlan-id mrouter interface • vlan-id - VLAN ID (Range: 1-4094) • interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Default Setting No static multicast router ports are configured. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-163 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage Depending on your network connections, IGMP snooping may not always be able to locate the IGMP querier. Therefore, if the IGMP querier is a known multicast router/switch connected over the network to an interface (port or trunk) on your switch, you can manually configure that interface to join all the current multicast groups. Example The following shows how to configure port 11 as a multicast router port within VLAN 1: Console(config)#ip igmp snooping vlan 1 mrouter ethernet 1/11 Console(config)# show ip igmp snooping mrouter Use this command to display information on statically configured and dynamically learned multicast router ports. Syntax show ip igmp snooping mrouter [vlan vlan-id] vlan-id - VLAN ID (Range: 1-4094) Default Setting Displays multicast router ports for all configured VLANs. Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage Multicast router port types displayed include Static or Dynamic. Example The following shows the port in VLAN 1 that is attached to a multicast router: Console#show ip igmp snooping mrouter vlan 1 VLAN M'cast Router Ports Type ---------------------- ------1 Eth 1/11 Static 2 Eth 1/12 Dynamic Console# Priority Commands The commands described in this section allow you to specify which data packets have greater precedence when traffic is buffered in the switch due to congestion. This switch supports CoS with four priority queues for each port. Data packets in a port’s high-priority queue will be transmitted before those in the lower-priority queues. You can set the default priority for each interface, the relative weight of each queue, and the mapping of frame priority tags to the switch’s priority queues. 4-164 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Function Mode Page switchport priority default Sets a port priority for incoming untagged frames IC 4-165 queue bandwidth Assigns round-robin weights to the priority queues GC 4-166 queue cos map Assigns class of service values to the priority queues IC 4-167 show queue bandwidth Shows round-robin weights assigned to the priority queues PE 4-168 show queue cos-map Shows the class of service map PE 4-168 show interfaces switchport Displays the administrative and operational status of an interface PE 4-119 Layer 2 Priority Commands Layer 3 and 4 Priority Commands map ip precedence Enables IP precedence class of service mapping GC 4-169 map ip precedence Maps IP precedence value to a class of service IC 4-169 map ip dscp Enables IP DSCP class of service mapping GC 4-170 map ip dscp Maps IP DSCP value to a class of service IC 4-171 map ip port Enables TCP/UDP class of service mapping GC 4-172 map ip port Maps TCP/UDP socket to a class of service IC 4-172 show map ip precedence Shows the IP precedence map PE 4-173 show map ip dscp Shows the IP DSCP map PE 4-173 show map ip port Shows the IP port map PE 4-174 Layer 2 Priority Commands switchport priority default Use this command to set a priority for incoming untagged frames, or the priority of frames received by the device connected to the specified interface. Use the no form to restore the default value. Syntax switchport priority default default-priority-id no switchport priority default default-priority-id - The priority number for untagged ingress traffic. The priority is a number from 0 to 7. Seven is the highest priority. Default Setting The priority is not set, and the default value for untagged frames received on the interface is zero. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-165 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. • The default priority applies for an untagged frame received on a port set to accept all frame types (i.e, receives both untagged and tagged frames). This priority does not apply to IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagged frames. If the incoming frame is an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagged frame, the IEEE 802.1p User Priority bits will be used. • This switch provides four priority queues for each port. It is configured to use Weighted Round Robin, which can be viewed with the queue bandwidth command. Inbound frames that do not have VLAN tags are tagged with the input port’s default ingress user priority, and then placed in the appropriate priority queue at the output port. The default priority for all ingress ports is zero. Therefore, any inbound frames that do not have priority tags will be placed in queue 0 of the output port. (Note that if the output port is an untagged member of the associated VLAN, these frames are stripped of all VLAN tags prior to transmission.) Example The following example shows how to set a default priority on port 3 to 5: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/3 Console(config-if)#switchport priority default 5 queue bandwidth Use this command to assign Weighted Round-Robin (WRR) weights to the four class of service (CoS) priority queues. Use the no form to restore the default weights. Syntax queue bandwidth weightX...weightY no queue bandwidth weightX...weightY - The ratio of weights for queues used by the WRR scheduler. (See below). Default Setting EdgeIron 24G-A, 48G Priority 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Queue 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF Priority 1 4 16 64 Queue 0 1 2 3 Priority 16 64 128 240 Queue 0 1 2 3 EdgeIron 24G Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage WRR allows bandwidth sharing at the egress port by defining scheduling weights. 4-166 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example The following example shows how to assign WRR weights of 1, 3, 5 and 7 to the CoS priority queues 0, 1, 2 and 3: Console(config)#queue bandwidth 1 3 5 7 Console(config)# Related Commands show queue bandwith (4-168) queue cos-map Use this command to assign class of service (CoS) values to the priority queues (i.e., hardware output queues EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF and 24G: 0-3, and EdgeIron 24G-A and 48G: 0-7). Use the no form set the CoS map to the default values. Syntax queue cos-map queue_id [cos1 ... cosn] no queue cos-map • queue_id - The queue ID of the CoS priority queue. - Ranges are 0 to 3, where 3 is the highest CoS priority queue. • cos1 .. cosn - The CoS values that are mapped to the queue ID. It is a space-separated list of numbers. The CoS value is a number from 0 to 7, where 7 is the highest priority. Default Setting This switch supports Class of Service by using four priority queues, with Weighted Round Robin for each port. Eight separate traffic classes are defined in IEEE 802.1p. The default priority levels are assigned according to recommendations in the IEEE 802.1p standard as shown in the following table. Queue 1 2 3 4 0 1 Priority 2 3 4 5 6 7 Note: CoS priority mappings are configured per-port. However, due to a hardware limitations all mappings are applied system-wide. In other words, no matter which port is set for CoS mapping, it’s applies globally to all ports. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-167 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Usage CoS assigned at the ingress port is used to select a CoS priority at the egress port. Example The following example shows how to map CoS values 0, 1 and 2 to CoS priority queue 0, value 3 to CoS priority queue 1, values 4 and 5 to CoS priority queue 2, and values 6 and 7 to CoS priority queue 3: Console(config)#interface ethernet Console(config-if)#queue cos-map 0 Console(config-if)#queue cos-map 1 Console(config-if)#queue cos-map 2 Console(config-if)#queue cos-map 3 Console(config-if)# 1/1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Related Commands show queue cos-map (4-168) show queue bandwidth Use this command to display the Weighted Round-Robin (WRR) bandwidth allocation for the four class of service (CoS) priority queues. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show queue bandwidth Queue ID Weight -------- -----0 1 1 4 2 16 3 64 Console# show queue cos-map Use this command to show the class of service priority map. Syntax show queue cos-map [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Default Setting None 4-168 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#sh queue cos-map ethernet 1/11 Information of Eth 1/11 CoS Value : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Priority Queue: 2 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 Console# Layer 3 and 4 Priority Commands map ip precedence (Global Configuration) Use this command to enable IP precedence mapping (i.e., IP Type of Service). Use the no form to disable IP precedence mapping. Syntax map ip precedence no map ip precedence Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. • IP Precedence and IP DSCP cannot both be enabled. Enabling one of these priority types will automatically disable the other type. Example The following example shows how to enable IP precedence mapping globally: Console(config)#map ip precedence Console(config)# map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) Use this command to set IP precedence priority (i.e., IP Type of Service priority). Use the no form to restore the default table. Syntax map ip precedence ip-precedence-value cos cos-value no map ip precedence • precedence-value - 3-bit precedence value. (Range: 0-7) • cos-value - Class-of-Service value (Range: 0-7) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-169 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Default Setting The list below shows the default priority mapping. IP Precedence Value CoS Value 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. • IP Precedence values are mapped to default Class of Service values on a one-to-one basis according to recommendations in the IEEE 802.1p standard, and then mapped to the queue defaults. • This command sets the IP Precedence for all interfaces. Example The following example shows how to map IP precedence value 1 to CoS value 0: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#map ip precedence 1 cos 0 Console(config-if)# map ip dscp (Global Configuration) Use this command to enable IP DSCP mapping (i.e., Differentiated Services Code Point mapping). Use the no form to disable IP DSCP mapping. Syntax map ip dscp no map ip dscp Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration 4-170 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. • IP Precedence and IP DSCP cannot both be enabled. Enabling one of these priority types will automatically disable the other type. Example The following example shows how to enable IP DSCP mapping globally: Console(config)#map ip dscp Console(config)# map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) Use this command to set IP DSCP priority (i.e., Differentiated Services Code Point priority). Use the no form to restore the default table. Syntax map ip dscp dscp-value cos cos-value no map ip dscp • dscp-value - 8-bit DSCP value. (Range: 0-255) • cos-value - Class-of-Service value (Range: 0-7) Default Setting The list below shows the default priority mapping. Note that all the DSCP values that are not specified are mapped to CoS value 0. IP DSCP Value CoS Value 0 0 8 1 10, 12, 14, 16 2 18, 20, 22, 24 3 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 4 38, 40, 42 5 48 6 46, 56 7 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Port, IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. • DSCP priority values are mapped to default Class of Service values according to recommendations in the IEEE 802.1p standard, and then mapped to the queue defaults. • This command sets the DSCP Priority for all interfaces. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-171 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Example The following example shows how to map IP DSCP value 1 to CoS value 0: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#map ip dscp 1 cos 0 Console(config-if)# map ip port (Global Configuration) Use this command to enable IP port mapping (i.e., class of service mapping for TCP/UDP sockets). Use the no form to disable IP port mapping. Syntax map ip port no map ip port Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Port, IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. Example The following example shows how to enable TCP/UDP port mapping globally: Console(config)#map ip port Console(config)# map ip port (Interface Configuration) Use this command to set IP port priority (i.e., TCP/UDP port priority). Use the no form to remove a specific setting. Syntax map ip port port-number cos cos-value no map ip port port-number • port-number - 16-bit TCP port number. (Range: 0-65535) • cos-value - Class-of-Service value (Range: 0-7) Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Port, IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. • This command sets the IP port priority for all interfaces. 4-172 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Example The following example shows how to map HTTP traffic to CoS value 0: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#map ip port 80 cos 0 Console(config-if)# show map ip precedence Use this command to show the IP precedence priority map. Syntax show map ip precedence [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show map ip precedence ethernet 1/5 Precedence mapping status: disabled Port Precedence COS --------- ---------- --Eth 1/ 5 0 0 Eth 1/ 5 1 1 Eth 1/ 5 2 2 Eth 1/ 5 3 3 Eth 1/ 5 4 4 Eth 1/ 5 5 5 Eth 1/ 5 6 6 Eth 1/ 5 7 7 Console# Related Commands map ip precedence (Global Configuration) (4-169) map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) (4-169) show map ip dscp Use this command to show the IP DSCP priority map. Syntax show map ip dscp [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-173 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show map ip dscp ethernet 1/1 DSCP mapping status: disabled Port DSCP COS --------- ---- --Eth 1/ 1 0 0 Eth 1/ 1 1 0 Eth 1/ 1 2 0 Eth 1/ 1 3 0 . . . Eth 1/ 1 62 0 Eth 1/ 1 63 0 Console# Related Commands map ip dscp (Global Configuration) (4-170) map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) (4-171) show map ip port Use this command to show the IP port priority map. Syntax show map ip port [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - This is device 1. - port - Port number. • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-6) Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example The following shows that HTTP traffic has been mapped to CoS value 0: Console#show map ip port TCP port mapping status: disabled Port Port no. COS --------- -------- --Eth 1/ 5 80 0 Console# Related Commands map ip port (Global Configuration) (4-172) map ip port (Interface Configuration) (4-172) 4-174 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Mirror Port Commands This section describes how to configure port mirror sessions. Command Function Mode Page port monitor Configures a mirror session IC 4-175 show port monitor Shows the configuration for a mirror port PE 4-176 port monitor Use this command to configure a mirror session. Use the no form to clear a mirror session. Syntax port monitor interface [rx | tx | both] no port monitor interface • interface - ethernet unit/port (source port) - unit - Switch (unit 1). - port - Port number. • rx - Mirror received packets. • tx - Mirror transmitted packets. • both - Mirror both received and transmitted packets. Default Setting No mirror session is defined. When enabled, the default mirroring is for both received and transmitted packets. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, destination port) Command Usage • You can mirror traffic from any source port to a destination port for real-time analysis. You can then attach a logic analyzer or RMON probe to the destination port and study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner. • The destination port is set by specifying an Ethernet interface. • The source and destination port speeds should match, otherwise traffic may be dropped from the source port. • EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF: - You can create more than one mirror session, but all must share the same destination port. However, you should avoid sending too much traffic to the destination port from multiple source ports. Note: The 4802CF may only set one mirror-to port, but you can set as many as 49 mirror-from ports. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-175 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • EdgeIron 24G-A, 24G, 48G: - You can create only one mirror port session. - The source and destination ports have to be either both in the port range 1-12 or both in the port range 13-24; or in the case of the 48G port range 25-36 or port range 37-48 as well. Example The following example configures the switch to mirror all packets from port 6 to port 11: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/11 Console(config-if)#port monitor ethernet 1/6 both Console(config-if)# Related Commands show port monitor (4-176) show port monitor Use this command to display mirror information. Syntax show port monitor [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port (source port) - unit - Switch (unit 1). - port - Port number. Default Setting Shows all sessions. Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage This command displays the currently configured source port, destination port, and mirror mode (i.e., RX, TX, RX/TX). Example The following shows mirroring configured from port 6 to port 11: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/11 Console(config-if)#port monitor ethernet 1/6 Console(config-if)#end Console#show port monitor Port Mirroring ------------------------------------Destination port(listen port):Eth1/1 Source port(monitored port) :Eth1/6 Mode :RX/TX Console# Related Commands port monitor (4-175) 4-176 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Port Trunking Commands Ports can be statically grouped into an aggregate link to increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to ensure fault recovery. Or you can use the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), also known as 802.1ad, to automatically negotiate a trunk link between this switch and another network device. For dynamic trunks, the switches have to comply with LACP. This switch supports up to six trunks. For example, a trunk consisting of two 1000 Mbps ports can support an aggregate bandwidth of 4 Gbps when operating at full duplex. To determine the load spread over the ports in a trunk there are three algorithms that may be used in combination with a hashing algorithm. The load balance algorithm can be based on either MAC SA, MAC DA, IP SA, IP DA, VID or protocol type (see reg 0x24 from Broadcom 5632 data sheet). Based on the selected key(s), the chip itself will use a (proprietary) CRC-like circuit to generate a value. Then, obtain the remainder of this value and the number of ports in that trunk to decide the port. Command Function Mode Page Manual Configuration Commands interface port-channel Configures a trunk and enters interface configuration mode for the trunk GC 4-109 channel-group Adds a port to a trunk IC 4-178 4-178 Dynamic Configuration Command lacp Configures LACP for the current interface IC lacp system-priority Configures a port's LACP system priority IC 4-179 (Ethernet) lacp admin-key Configures a port's administration key IC 4-180 (Ethernet) lacp admin-key Configures an port channel’s administration key IC (Port Channel) lacp port-priority Configures a port's LACP port priority IC 4-181 (Ethernet) 4-181 Trunk Status Display Command show interfaces status port-channel Shows trunk information NE, PE 4-117 show lacp Shows LACP information PE 4-182 Guidelines for Creating Trunks • Finish configuring port trunks before you connect the corresponding network cables between switches to avoid creating a loop. • The maximum number of ports that can be combined as a static trunk: - EdgeIron 4802CF, 2402CF: Four 10/100 Mbps ports, and two 1000 Mbps ports. - EdgeIron 24G-A, 24G, 48G: Six 1000 Mbps ports. • The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. • All ports in a trunk must consist of the same media type (i.e., twisted-pair or fiber). • All ports in a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including communication mode (i.e., speed, duplex mode and flow control), VLAN assignments, and CoS settings. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-177 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from/to, added or deleted from a VLAN via the specified port-channel. • STP, VLAN, and IGMP settings can only be made for the entire trunk via the specified portchannel. channel-group Use this command to add a port to a trunk. Use the no form to remove a port from a trunk. Syntax channel-group channel-id no channel-group channel-id - Trunk index (Range: 1-6) Default Setting A new trunk contains no ports. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • Static trunks have to be manually configured at both ends of the link. • Use no channel-group to remove a port group from a trunk. • Use no interfaces port-channel to remove a trunk from the switch. • All links in a trunk must operate at the same data rate and duplex mode. Example The following example creates trunk 1 and then adds port 11: Console(config)#interface port-channel 1 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/11 Console(config-if)#channel-group 1 Console(config-if)# Dynamic Trunk Configuration Commands lacp Use this command to enable 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) for the current interface. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax lacp no lacp Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) 4-178 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Command Usage • The ports on both ends of an LACP trunk must be configured for full duplex, either by forced mode or auto-negotiation. • A trunk formed with another switch using LACP will automatically be assigned the next available port-channel ID. • If the target switch has also enabled LACP on the connected ports, the trunk will be activated automatically. • If more than four ports attached to the same target switch have LACP enabled, the additional ports will be placed in standby mode, and will only be enabled if one of the active links fails. Example The following shows LACP enabled on ports 11-13. Because LACP has also been enabled on the ports at the other end of the links, the show interfaces status port-channel 1 command shows that Trunk 1 has been established. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/11 Console(config-if)#lacp Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/12 Console(config-if)#lacp Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/13 Console(config-if)#lacp Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#exit Console#show interfaces status port-channel 1 Information of Trunk 1 Basic information: Port type: 100TX Mac address: 00-30-F1-47-58-4E Configuration: Name: Port admin: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, Flow control: Disabled Port security: Disabled Port security action: None Current status: Created by: Lacp Link status: Up Port operation status: Up Operation speed-duplex: 100full Flow control type: None Member Ports: Eth1/11, Eth1/12, Eth1/13, Console# lacp system-priority This command configures a port's LACP system priority. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax lacp {actor | partner} system-priority priority no lacp {actor | partner} system-priority • actor - The local side an aggregate link. • partner - The remote side of an aggregate link. • priority - This priority is used to determine link aggregation group (LAG) membership, and to identify this device to other switches during LAG negotiations. (Range: 0-65535) Default Setting 32768 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-179 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • Port must be configured with the same system priority to join the same LAG. • System priority is combined with the switch’s MAC address to form the LAG identifier. This identifier is used to indicate a specific LAG during LACP negotiations with other systems. • Once the remote side of a link has been established, LACP operational settings are already in use on that side. Configuring LACP settings for the partner only applies to its administrative state, not its operational state, and will only take effect the next time an aggregate link is established with the partner. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#lacp actor system-priority 3 Console(config-if)# lacp admin-key (Ethernet Interface) This command configures a port's LACP administration key. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax lacp {actor | partner} admin-key key [no] lacp {actor | partner} admin-key • actor - The local side an aggregate link. • partner - The remote side of an aggregate link. • key - The port admin key must be set to the same value for ports that belong to the same link aggregation group (LAG). (Range: 0-65535) Default Setting 0 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • Ports are only allowed to join the same LAG if (1) the LACP system priority matches, (2) the LACP port admin key matches, and (3) the LACP port channel admin key matches (if configured). • If the port channel admin key (lacp admin key - Port Channel) is not set when a channel group is formed (i.e., it has the null value of 0), this key is set to the same value as the port admin key (lacp admin key - Ethernet Interface) used by the interfaces that joined the group. • Once the remote side of a link has been established, LACP operational settings are already in use on that side. Configuring LACP settings for the partner only applies to its administrative state, not its operational state, and will only take effect the next time an aggregate link is established with the partner. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#lacp actor admin-key 120 Console(config-if)# 4-180 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface lacp admin-key (Port Channel) This command configures a port channel's LACP administration key string. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax lacp admin-key key [no] lacp admin-key • key - The port channel admin key is used to identify a specific link aggregation group (LAG) during local LACP setup on this switch. (Range: 0-65535) Default Setting 0 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Port Channel) Command Usage • Ports are only allowed to join the same LAG if (1) the LACP system priority matches, (2) the LACP port admin key matches, and (3) the LACP port channel key matches (if configured). • If the port channel admin key (lacp admin key - Port Channel) is not set when a channel group is formed (i.e., it has the null value of 0), this key is set to the same value as the port admin key (lacp admin key - Ethernet Interface) used by the interfaces that joined the group. Note that when the LAG is no longer used, the port channel admin key is reset to 0. Example Console(config)#interface port channel 1 Console(config-if)#lacp admin-key 3 Console(config-if)# lacp port-priority This command configures LACP port priority. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax lacp {actor | partner} port-priority priority no lacp {actor | partner} port-priority • actor - The local side an aggregate link. • partner - The remote side of an aggregate link. • priority - LACP port priority is used to select a backup link. (Range: 0-65535) Default Setting 32768 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • Setting a lower value indicates a higher effective priority. • If an active port link goes down, the backup port with the highest priority is selected to replace the downed link. However, if two or more ports have the same LACP port priority, the port with the lowest physical port number will be selected as the backup port. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-181 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide • Once the remote side of a link has been established, LACP operational settings are already in use on that side. Configuring LACP settings for the partner only applies to its administrative state, not its operational state, and will only take effect the next time an aggregate link is established with the partner. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#lacp actor port-priority 128 show lacp This command displays LACP information. Syntax show lacp [port-channel] {counters | internal | neighbors | sys-id} • port-channel - Local identifier for a link aggregation group. (Range: 1-6) • counters - Statistics for LACP protocol messages. • internal - Configuration settings and operational state for local side. • neighbors - Configuration settings and operational state for remote side. • sys-id - Summary of system priority and MAC address for all channel groups. Default Setting Port Channel: all Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show lacp 1 counters Channel group : 1 ----------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/ 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------LACPDUs Sent : 21 LACPDUs Received : 21 Marker Sent : 0 Marker Received : 0 LACPDUs Unknown Pkts : 0 LACPDUs Illegal Pkts : 0 . . . 4-182 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Parameter Description LACPDUs Sent Number of valid LACPDUs transmitted from this channel group. LACPDUs Received Number of valid LACPDUs received on this channel group. Marker Sent Number of valid Marker PDUs transmitted from this channel group. Marker Received Number of valid Marker PDUs received by this channel group. LACPDUs Unknown Pkts Number of frames received that either (1) Carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet Type value, but contain an unknown PDU, or (2) are addressed to the Slow Protocols group MAC Address, but do not carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet Type. LACPDUs Illegal Pkts Number of frames that carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet Type value, but contain a badly formed PDU or an illegal value of Protocol Subtype. Console#show lacp 1 internal Channel group : 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------Oper Key : 4 Admin Key : 0 Eth 1/1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------LACPDUs Internal : 30 sec LACP System Priority : 32768 LACP Port Priority : 32768 Admin Key : 4 Oper Key : 4 Admin State : defaulted, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity Oper State : distributing, collecting, synchronization, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-183 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Parameter Description Oper Key Current operational value of the key for the aggregation port. Admin Key Current administrative value of the key for the aggregation port. LACPDUs Internal Number of seconds before invalidating received LACPDU information. LACP System Priority LACP system priority assigned to this port channel. LACP Port Priority LACP port priority assigned to this interface within the channel group. Admin State, Administrative or operational values of the actor’s state parameters: Oper State Expired – The actor’s receive machine is in the expired state; Defaulted – The actor’s receive machine is using defaulted operational partner information, administratively configured for the partner. Distributing – If false, distribution of outgoing frames on this link is disabled; i.e., distribution is currently disabled and is not expected to be enabled in the absence of administrative changes or changes in received protocol information. Collecting – Collection of incoming frames on this link is enabled; i.e., collection is currently enabled and is not expected to be disabled in the absence of administrative changes or changes in received protocol information. Synchronization – The System considers this link to be IN_SYNC; i.e., it has been allocated to the correct Link Aggregation Group, the group has been associated with a compatible Aggregator, and the identity of the Link Aggregation Group is consistent with the System ID and operational Key information transmitted. Aggregation – The system considers this link to be aggregatable; i.e., a potential candidate for aggregation. Long timeout – Periodic transmission of LACPDUs uses a slow transmission rate. LACP-Activity – Activity control value with regard to this link. (0: Passive; 1: Active) Console#show lacp 1 neighbors Channel group 1 neighbors ------------------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------Partner Admin System ID : 32768, 00-00-00-00-00-00 Partner Oper System ID : 32768, 00-00-00-00-00-01 Partner Admin Port Number : 1 Partner Oper Port Number : 1 Port Admin Priority : 32768 Port Oper Priority : 32768 Admin Key : 0 Oper Key : 4 Admin State : defaulted, distributing, collecting, synchronization, long timeout, Oper State : distributing, collecting, synchronization, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity . . . 4-184 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Command Line Interface Parameter Description Partner Admin System ID LAG partner’s system ID assigned by the user. Partner Oper System ID LAG partner’s system ID assigned by the LACP protocol. Partner Admin Port Number Current administrative value of the port number for the protocol Partner. Partner Oper Port Number Operational port number assigned to this aggregation port by the port’s protocol partner. Port Admin Priority Current administrative value of the port priority for the protocol partner. Port Oper Priority Priority value assigned to this aggregation port by the partner. Admin Key Current administrative value of the Key for the protocol partner. Oper Key Current operational value of the Key for the protocol partner. Admin State Administrative values of the partner’s state parameters. (See preceding table.) Oper State Operational values of the partner’s state parameters. (See preceding table.) Console#show lacp sysid Channel group System Priority System MAC Address -----------------------------------------------------------------1 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 2 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 3 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 4 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 5 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 6 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 Console# Parameter Description Channel group A link aggregation group configured on this switch. System Priority* LACP system priority for this channel group. System MAC Address* System MAC address. * The LACP system priority and system MAC address are concatenated to form the LAG system ID. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. 4-185 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Rate Limiting Commands This function allows the network manager to control the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped. Rate limiting can be applied to individual ports or trunks. When an interface is configured with this feature, the traffic rate will be monitored by the hardware to verify conformity. Non-conforming traffic is dropped, conforming traffic is forwarded without any changes. Command Function Mode Page rate-limit Configures the maximum input or output rate for an interface IC 4-186 rate-limit Use this command to define and enable a rate limit for a specific interface. Use this command without specifying a rate to restore the default rate. Use the no form to disable rate limiting. Syntax rate-limit {input | output} [rate] no rate-limit {input | output} • input – Input rate • output – Output rate • rate – Maximum value in Mbps. Default Setting Fast Ethernet interface – 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet interface – 1000 Mbps Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • The range is: - Fast Ethernet interface – 1 to 100 Mbps - Gigabit Ethernet interface – 8 to 1000 Mbps • Resolution – The increment of change: - Fast Ethernet interface – 1 Mbps - Gigabit Ethernet interface – 8 Mbps Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#rate-limit input 8 Console(config-if)# 4-186 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Appendix A Using Syslog Overview This appendix describes how to display Syslog messages and how to configure the Syslog facility, and lists the Syslog messages that a Foundry EdgeIron switch can display during standard operation. A Foundry device’s software can write syslog messages to provide information at the following severity levels: • Emergencies • Alerts • Critical • Errors • Warnings • Notifications • Informational • Debugging The device writes the messages to a local buffer. You also can specify the IP address or host name of up to five Syslog servers. When you specify a Syslog server, the Foundry device writes the messages both to the system log and to the Syslog server. Using a Syslog server ensures that the messages remain available even after a system reload. The Foundry device’s local Syslog buffer is cleared during a system reload or reboot, but the Syslog messages sent to the Syslog server remain on the server. The Syslog service on a Syslog server receives logging messages from applications on the local host or from devices such as a Layer 2 Switch or Layer 3 Switch. Syslog adds a time stamp to each received message and directs messages to a log file. Most Unix workstations come with Syslog configured. Some third-party vendor products also provide Syslog for Windows. Syslog uses UDP port 514 and each Syslog message thus is sent with destination port 514. Each Syslog message is one line with Syslog message format. The message is embedded in the text portion of the Syslog format. There are several subfields in the format. Keywords are used to identify each subfield, and commas are delimiters. The subfield order is insensitive except that the text subfield should be the last field in the message. All the subfields are optional. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. A-1 Foundry EdgeIron Configuration Guide Displaying Syslog Messages To display the Syslog messages in the device’s local buffer, enter the following command at the Privileged Exec level of the CLI: Console#sh logging ram Syslog logging: Enable History logging in RAM: level debugging [3] 0:1:32 1/1/1 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [2] 0:1:32 1/1/1 "STP topology change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [1] 0:1:32 1/1/1 "Unit 1, Port 23 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [0] 0:1:32 1/1/1 "System coldStart notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event Console# no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 For information about the Syslog configuration information, time stamps, and dynamic and static buffers, see "System Logs" on page 3-16. Configuring the Syslog Service The procedures in this section describe how to perform the following Syslog configuration tasks: • Specify a Syslog server. You can configure the Foundry device to use up to five Syslog servers. (Use of a Syslog server is optional. The system can hold up to up to 2048 Syslog messages in RAM memory and up to 4096 messages in Flash memory.) • Change the level of messages the system logs. • Display the Syslog configuration. • Clear the local Syslog buffer. Syslog logging is disabled by default, with the following settings: • Messages of all severity levels (Emergencies through Debugging) are logged. • No Syslog server is specified. Displaying the Syslog Configuration To display the Syslog parameters currently in effect on a Foundry EdgeIron device, enter the following command from the Privileged Exec level of the CLI: Console#show logging trap Syslog logging: Enable REMOTELOG status: disable REMOTELOG facility type: local use 7 REMOTELOG level type: Debugging messages REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 A-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Syntax: show logging {flash | ram | trap} The Syslog display shows the following configuration information. Table A.1: CLI Display of Syslog Configuration This Field... Displays... Syslog logging The state (enabled or disabled) of logging on the switch. REMOTELOG Status The state (enabled or disabled) of logging to a remote Syslog server. REMOTELOG Facility Type A number that indicates the facility used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service. REMOTELOG Level Type One of the Syslog levels from 0 (Emergencies) to 7 (Debugging). Messages sent include the selected level up through level 0. REMOTELOG Server IP Address Up to five IP addresses of Syslog servers. Flash and RAM Buffers The software provides two separate buffers: • Flash - Permanently stored in the switch. • RAM - Memory flushed on power reset. Error messages that are logged to flash memory remain stored in the switch even after a power reset. Up to 4096 log entries can be stored in the flash memory, with the oldest entries being overwritten first when the available log memory (256 kilobytes) has been exceeded. The switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory (RAM; i.e., memory flushed on power reset). The switch periodically copies log messages in RAM to flash memory, depending on the error level limit configured. The flash error level limit must be equal to or less than the RAM level limit. The flash and RAM buffers are both displayed using the following commands: Console#sh logging ram Syslog logging: Enable History logging in RAM: level debugging [3] 0:1:32 1/1/1 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [2] 0:1:32 1/1/1 "STP topology change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [1] 0:1:32 1/1/1 "Unit 1, Port 23 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [0] 0:1:32 1/1/1 "System coldStart notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event Console# May 2004 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. A-3 Foundry EdgeIron Configuration Guide Console#sh logging flash Syslog logging: Enable History logging in FLASH: level errors [9] 13:30:42 2/28/4 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [8] 13:30:42 2/28/4 "STP topology change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [7] 13:30:12 2/28/4 "Unit 1, Port 8 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [6] 13:30:8 2/28/4 "Unit 1, Port 8 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [5] 13:30:8 2/28/4 "VLAN 1 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [4] 13:20:6 3/3/4 "VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [3] 13:20:6 3/3/4 "STP topology change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [2] 13:19:36 3/3/4 "Unit 1, Port 8 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [1] 13:19:31 3/3/4 "Unit 1, Port 6 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event [0] 13:19:31 3/3/4 "VLAN 1 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event Console# no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 no.: 1 When you clear log entries, you can selectively clear the flash or RAM, or you can clear both. For example, to clear only the RAM, enter the following command at the Privileged Exec level: EdgeIron# clear logging ram Syntax: clear logging [ram | flash] You can specify ram to clear the RAM buffer or flash to clear the flash buffer. If you do not specify a buffer, both buffers are cleared. Time Stamps The contents of the time stamp depends on whether the system time and date has been set manually or by SNTP. • If the system clock has been set, the date and time are shown in the following format: • hh:mm:ss m/d/y where: • hh – hours • mm – minutes • ss – seconds • m – month • d – day • y – year For example, “22:34:15 2/28/4" means February 28, 2004 at 10:34 PM and 15 seconds. • A-4 If the system clock is not set, the time stamp shows the time and date since the device was booted, starting from 00:00:00 1/1/1. © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Example of Syslog Messages on a Device Whose Onboard Clock Is Set The example shows the format of messages on a device whose onboard system clock has been set. Each time stamp shows the month, the day, and the time of the system clock when the message was generated. For example, the system time when the most recent message (the one at the top) was generated was February 28, 2004 at 1:30 PM and 12 seconds. Console#show logging ram Syslog logging: Enable History logging in RAM: level debugging [11] 13:30:12 2/28/4 "Unit 1, Port 8 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event no.: 1 [10] 13:30:8 2/28/4 "Unit 1, Port 8 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event no.: 1 [9] 13:30:8 2/28/4 "VLAN 1 link-down notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and event no.: 1 Displaying and Configuring Syslog Buffer Parameters Using the Web Management Interface To configure Syslog parameters using the Web management interface, use the following procedure: 1. Log on to the device using a valid user name and password for read-write access. The System Information page is displayed. 2. Select Log from the System menu. 3. Select the System Logs link to display the following page: 4. Check or clear the check box next to System Log Status to enable or disable the Syslog service on the device. The service is enabled by default. 5. Select the maximum message level you want the device to log to RAM and flash. All the levels are logged to RAM by default. 6. Click Apply to save the changes to the device’s running-config file. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. A-5 Foundry EdgeIron Configuration Guide 7. To enable logging to Syslog servers and view a list of the servers that have been defined, click the Remote Logs link. 8. Check or clear the check box next to Remote Log Status to enable or disable logging to Syslog servers. The remote logging service is disabled by default. 9. Select the maximum message level you want the device to log to Syslog servers. All the levels are logged by default. Disabling or Re-Enabling Syslog Syslog is enabled by default. To disable or re-enable it, use one of the following methods. USING THE CLI To disable it, enter the following command at the global CONFIG level: EdgeIron(config)# no logging on Syntax: [no] logging on To re-enable logging, enter the following command: EdgeIron(config)# logging on This command enables local Syslog logging with the following defaults: • Messages of all severity levels (Emergencies through Debugging) are logged. • No Syslog server is specified. Specifying a Syslog Server To specify a Syslog server, enter the following command: USING THE CLI EdgeIron(config)# logging host 10.0.0.99 Syntax: [no] logging host <ip-address> A-6 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Using The Web Management Interface See the section "Remote Logs Configuration" on page 3-17. Specifying an Additional Syslog Server USING THE CLI To specify an additional Syslog server, enter the logging host <ip-addr> command again, as in the following example. You can specify up to five Syslog servers. EdgeIron(config)# logging host 10.0.0.99 Syntax: [no] logging host <ip-address> Changing the Log Facility The Syslog daemon on the Syslog server uses a facility to determine where to log the messages from the Foundry device. The default facility for messages the Foundry EdgeIron device sends to the Syslog server is “local use 7.” You can change the facility using the following command. NOTE: You can specify only one facility. If you configure the Foundry device to use two Syslog servers, the device uses the same facility on both servers. EdgeIron(config)# logging facility 16 Syntax: [no] logging facility <type> The <type> can be one of the following facility numbers: • 16 – local use 0 • 17 – local use 1 • 18 – local use 2 • 19 – local use 3 • 20 – local use 4 • 21 – local use 5 • 22 – local use 6 • 23 – local use 7 USING THE WEB MANAGEMENT INTERFACE See the section "Remote Logs Configuration" on page 3-17. Clearing the Syslog Messages from the Local Buffer To clear the Syslog messages stored in the Foundry device’s local buffer, use the following CLI command: EdgeIron# clear logging Syntax: clear logging [flash | ram] May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. A-7 Foundry EdgeIron Configuration Guide Syslog Messages Table A.2 lists all of the Syslog messages. The messages are listed by message level, in the following order: • Emergencies (none) • Alerts • Critical (none) • Errors • Warnings • Notifications • Informational • Debugging NOTE: In the messages displayed %s is substitute with a string, and %1d is replaced with integer values. Table A.2: Foundry Syslog Messages Message Level Message Explanation Critical %s create task fail The created task has failed. Error %s switch to default The switch has encountered an abnormal case. Critical Allocate %s memory fail Comand to allocate memory has failed. Critical Free %s memory fail Command to free memory has failed. Informative Unit %1d, fan %1d fail A fan has failed. Error %s funtion fails A software function has failed. Informative System coldStart notification A coldstart has occured. Informative System warmStart notification A warmstart has occured. Informative Unit %1d, Port %1d link-up notification A link to a port has been established. Informative Unit %1d, Port %1d link-down notification A link to a port has failed. Informative Trunk %1d link-up notification A link to a trunk has been established. Informative Trunk %1d link-down notification A link to a trunk has failed. Informative VLAN %1d link-up notification A link to a VLAN has been established. Informative VLAN %1d link-down notification A link to a VLAN has failed. Informative Authentication failure notification The user authentication procedure has failed. A-8 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Table A.2: Foundry Syslog Messages (Continued) Message Level Message Explanation Informative STA root change notification The root of the spanning tree has changed. Informative STA topology change notification The spanning tree topology has changed. Informative RMON rising alarm A RMON warning has occured and is increasing in severity. Informative RMON falling alarm notification A RMON warning has occured and is decreasing in severity. Informative Unit %1d, %s power change to %s The power status of the device unit has changed. Informative Loopback test failure The loopback test has failed. Informative Fan Recover, unit=[%d], fanIndex=[%1d] A fan has recovered from a failure condition. Informative Ipfilter reject, mode=[%1d.%1d.%1d.%1d] The IP filter has rejected some data packets. Warning DHCP request failed - will retry later A DHCP request has failed and will attempt resending the request later. Warning DHCP server responded A response from a DHCP server has been received. Informative SMTP connect host %s failure The switch has failed to connect ot the SMTP host. Informative MainBoardVerMismatch:%s There is a mismatch in the firmware version specified. Informative ModuleVerMismatch:%s The firmware version of the module mismatches the device version. Informative ModuleInsertion:%s An optional module was inserted in to the device. Informative ModuleRemoval:%s A module was removed from the device. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. A-9 Foundry EdgeIron Configuration Guide A-10 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Appendix B Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Chart Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Action Cannot connect using Telnet, Web browser, or SNMP software • Be sure to have configured the agent with a valid IP address, subnet mask and default gateway. • Be sure that your management station has management VLAN access to the switch (default is VLAN 1). • Check that you have a valid network connection to the switch and that the port you are using has not been disabled. • Check network cabling between the management station and the switch. • If you cannot connect using Telnet, you may have exceeded the maximum number of concurrent Telnet sessions permitted. Try connecting again at a later time. • Be sure to have set the terminal emulator program to VT100 compatible, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and 9600 bps. • Check that the null-modem serial cable conforms to the pin-out connections provided in Appendix B. • Set the switch to its default configuration. Make a direct connection to the switch’s console port and power cycle the switch. Immediately after powering on, press <Ctrl><u> to access the system file menu. ]Select <D> to delete all user-defined configuration files. Press <Q> to boot the switch. Cannot access the on-board configuration program via a serial port connection Forgot or lost the password (Applicable to EdgeIron 2402CF, 4802CF and 24G only.) May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. B-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide B-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Appendix C Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port Note: The following procedure is only applicable to the EdgeIron 2402CF, 4802CF and 24G. The switch contains three firmware components that can be upgraded; the diagnostics (or Boot-ROM) code, runtime operation code, and the loader code. The runtime code can be upgraded via the switch’s RS-232 serial console port, via a network connection to a TFTP server, or using SNMP management software. The diagnostics and loader code can be upgraded only via the switch’s RS-232 serial console port. Note: You can use the switch’s web interface to download runtime code via TFTP. Downloading large runtime code files via TFTP is normally much faster than downloading via the switch’s serial port. You can upgrade switch firmware by connecting a PC directly to the serial Console port on the switch’s front panel and using VT100 terminal emulation software that supports the XModem protocol. (See “Required Connections” on page 2-2.) 1. Connect a PC to the switch’s Console port using a null-modem or crossover RS-232 cable with a female DB-9 connector. 2. Configure the terminal emulation software’s communication parameters to 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, and set flow control to none. 3. Power cycle the switch. 4. When the switch initialization screen appears, enter firmware-download mode by pressing <Ctrl><u> immediately after power on. Screen text similar to that shown below displays: File Name --------------------------------$certificate $logfile_1 Factory_Default_Config.cfg diag_1000 r_20019 set-ip.cfg --------------------------------[X]modem Download [D]elete File [C]hange Baudrate [Q]uit Select> May 2004 S/Up Type Size ---- ---- ---------0 7 20480 0 3 64 0 5 2574 1 1 116228 1 2 1536972 1 5 2690 ---- ---- ---------[S]et Startup File Create Time ----------00:38:34 00:00:02 00:00:12 00:00:00 00:00:01 00:40:44 ---------- © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. C-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide 5. Press <C> to change the baud rate of the switch’s serial connection. 6. Press <B> to select the option for 115200 baud. There are two baud rate settings available, 9600 and 115200. Using the higher baud rate minimizes the time required to download firmware code files. 7. Set your PC’s terminal emulation software to match the 115200 baud rate. Press <Enter> to reset communications with the switch. Select> Change baudrate [A]9600 [B]115200 Baudrate set to 115200 8. Check that the switch has sufficient flash memory space for the new code file before starting the download. You can store a maximum of only two runtime and two diagnostic code files in the switch’s flash memory. Use the [D]elete File command to remove a runtime or diagnostic file. 9. Press <X> to start to download the new code file. If using Windows HyperTerminal, click the “Transfer” button, and then click “Send File....” Select the XModem Protocol and then use the “Browse” button to select the required firmware code file from your PC system. The “Xmodem file send” window displays the progress of the download procedure. Note: The download file must be a vaild binary software file from Foundry for the target switch. 10. After the file has been downloaded, you are prompted with “Update Image File:” to specify the type of code file. Press <R> for runtime code, <D> for diagnostic code, or ,<L> for loader code. Caution: If you select <L> for loader code, be sure the file is a valid loader code file for the switch. If you download an invalid file, the switch will not be able to boot. Unless absolutely necessary, do not attempt to download loader code files. 11. Specify a name for the downloaded code file. File names are case-sensitive, should be from 1 to 31 characters, not contain slashes (\ or /), and the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.). (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”) C-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port For example, the following screen text shows the download procedure for a runtime code file: Select> Xmodem Receiving Start :: Image downloaded to buffer. [R]untime [D]iagnostic [L]oader (Warning: you sure what you are doing?) Update Image File:r Diagnostic Image Filename : r_20019 Updating file system. File system updated. [Press any key to continue] 12. To set the new downloaded file as the startup file, use the [S]et Startup File menu option. 13. When you have finished downloading code files, use the [C]hange Baudrate menu option to change the baud rate of the switch’s serial connection back to 9600 baud. 14. Set your PC’s terminal emulation software baud rate back to 9600 baud. Press <Enter> to reset communications with the switch. 15. Press <Q> to quit the firmware-download mode and boot the switch. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. C-3 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide C-4 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Appendix D Pin Assignments Console Port Pin Assignments The DB-9 serial port on the switch’s front panel is used to connect to the switch for out-of-band console configuration. The onboard menu-driven configuration program can be accessed from a terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation program. The pin assignments used to connect to the serial port are provided in the following tables. Figure 4-4. DB-9 Console Port Pin Numbers 1 5 6 9 DB-9 Port Pin Assignments EIA Circuit CCITT Signal Description Switch’s DB9 DTE Pin # PC DB9 DTE Pin # BB 104 RxD (Received Data) 2 2 BA 103 TxD (Transmitted Data) 3 3 AB 102 SGND (Signal Ground) 5 5 No other pins are used. Console Port to 9-Pin DTE Port on PC Switch’s 9-Pin Serial Port Null Modem PC’s 9-Pin DTE Port 2 RXD <---------TXD ------------ 3 TXD 3 TXD -----------RXD ----------> 2 RXD May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. D-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Switch’s 9-Pin Serial Port 5 SGND Null Modem -----------SGND ---------- PC’s 9-Pin DTE Port 5 SGND No other pins are used. Console Port to 25-Pin DTE Port on PC Switch’s 9-Pin Serial Port Null Modem PC’s 25-Pin DTE Port 2 RXD <---------TXD ------------ 2 TXD 3 TXD -----------RXD ----------> 3 RXD 5 SGND -----------SGND ---------- 7 SGND No other pins are used. D-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Glossary 10BASE-T IEEE 802.3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over two pairs of Category 3, 4, or 5 UTP cable. 100BASE-TX IEEE 802.3u specification for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet over two pairs of Category 5 UTP cable. 1000BASE-T IEEE 802.3ab specification for Gigabit Ethernet over two pairs of Category 5, 5e 100-ohm UTP cable. 1000BASE-X IEEE 802.3 shorthand term for any 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet based on 8B/10B signaling. Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.e., Layer 2) information. Auto-negotiation Signalling method allowing each node to select its optimum operational mode (e.g., 10, 100, or 1000 Mbps and half or full duplex) based on the capabilities of the node to which it is connected. Bandwidth The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies available for network signals. Also synonymous with wire speed, the actual speed of the data transmission along the cable. BOOTP Boot protocol used to load the operating system for devices connected to the network. Collision A condition in which packets transmitted over the cable interfere with each other. Their interference makes both signals unintelligible. Collision Domain Single CSMA/CD LAN segment. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. Glossary-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Class of Service (CoS) CoS is supported by prioritizing packets based on the required level of service, and then placing them in the appropriate output queue. Data is transmitted from the queues using weighted round-robin service to enforce priority service and prevent blockage of lower-level queues. Priority may be set according to the port default, the packet’s priority bit (in the VLAN tag), TCP/UDP port number, IP Precedence bit, or DSCP priority bit. CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect is the communication method employed by Ethernet and Fast Ethernet. Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) Provides a framework for passing configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP network. DHCP is based on the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), adding the capability of automatic allocation of reusable network addresses and additional configuration options. Differentiated Services Code Point Service (DSCP) DSCP uses a six-bit tag to provide for up to 64 different forwarding behaviors. Based on network policies, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. The DSCP bits are mapped to the Class of Service categories, and then into the output queues. Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) EAPOL is a client authentication protocol used by this switch to verify the network access rights for any device that is plugged into the switch. A user name and password is requested by the switch, and then passed to an authentication server (e.g., RADIUS) for verification. EAPOL is implemented as part of the IEEE 802.1x Port Authentication standard. End Station A workstation, server, or other device that does not act as a network interconnection. Ethernet A network communication system developed and standardized by DEC, Intel, and Xerox, using baseband transmission, CSMA/CD access, logical bus topology, and coaxial cable. The successor IEEE 802.3 standard provides for integration into the OSI model and extends the physical layer and media with repeaters and implementations that operate on fiber, thin coax and twisted-pair cable. Fast Ethernet A 100 Mbps network communication system based on Ethernet and the CSMA/CD access method. Full Duplex Transmission method that allows switch and network card to transmit and receive concurrently, effectively doubling the bandwidth of that link. GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) Defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register necessary VLAN members on ports along the spanning tree so that VLANs defined in each switch can work automatically over a spanning tree network. Glossary-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Glossary Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) GARP is a protocol that can be used by endstations and switches to register and propagate multicast group membership information in a switched environment so that multicast data frames are propagated only to those parts of a switched LAN containing registered endstations. Formerly called Group Address Registration Protocol. Generic Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) GMRP allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups. GMRP requires that any participating network devices or endstations comply with the IEEE 802.1p standard. Gigabit Ethernet A 1000 Mbps network communication system based on Ethernet and the CSMA/CD access method. Group Attribute Registration Protocol See Generic Attribute Registration Protocol. IEEE 802.1D Specifies a general method for the operation of MAC bridges, including the Spanning Tree Protocol. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging – Defines Ethernet frame tags which carry VLAN information. It allows switches to assign endstations to different virtual LANs, and defines a standard way for VLANs to communicate across switched networks. IEEE 802.1p An IEEE standard for providing quality of service (QoS) in Ethernet networks. The standard uses packet tags that define up to eight traffic classes and allows switches to transmit packets based on the tagged priority value. IEEE 802.1s An IEEE standard for the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) which provides independent spanning trees for VLAN groups. IEEE 802.1x Port Authentication controls access to the switch ports by requiring users to first enter a user ID and password for authentication. IEEE 802.3 Defines carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications. IEEE 802.3ab Defines CSMA/CD access method and physical layer specifications for 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet. IEEE 802.3ac Defines frame extensions for VLAN tagging. IEEE 802.3u Defines CSMA/CD access method and physical layer specifications for 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. Glossary-3 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide IEEE 802.3x Defines Ethernet frame start/stop requests and timers used for flow control on full-duplex links. IEEE 802.3z Defines CSMA/CD access method and physical layer specifications for 1000BASE Gigabit Ethernet. IGMP Snooping Listening to IGMP Query and IGMP Report packets transferred between IP Multicast Routers and IP Multicast host groups to identify IP Multicast group members. IGMP Query On each subnetwork, one IGMP-capable device will act as the querier — that is, the device that asks all hosts to report on the IP multicast groups they wish to join or to which they already belong. The elected querier will be the device with the lowest IP address in the subnetwork. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Commonly used to send echo messages (i.e., Ping) for monitoring purposes. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) A protocol through which hosts can register with their local router for multicast services. If there is more than one multicast router on a given subnetwork, one of the routers is made the “querier” and assumes responsibility for keeping track of group membership. In-Band Management Management of the network from a station attached directly to the network. IP Multicast Filtering A process whereby this switch can pass multicast traffic along to participating hosts. IP Precedence The Type of Service (ToS) octet in the IPv4 header includes three precedence bits defining eight different priority levels ranging from highest priority for network control packets to lowest priority for routine traffic. The eight values are mapped one-to-one to the Class of Service categories by default, but may be configured differently to suit the requirements for specific network applications. Layer 2 Data Link layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes on traffic based on MAC addresses. Layer 3 Network layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This layer handles the routing functions for data moving from one open system to another. Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) Allows ports to automatically negotiate a trunked link with LACP-configured ports on another device. Glossary-4 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Glossary Media Access Control (MAC) A portion of the networking protocol that governs access to the transmission medium, facilitating the exchange of data between network nodes. Management Information Base (MIB) An acronym for Management Information Base. It is a set of database objects that contains information about a specific device. MD5 An algorithm that is used to create digital signatures. It is intended for use with 32 bit machines and is safer than the MD4 algorithm, which has been broken. MD5 is a one-way hash function, meaning that it takes a message and converts it into a fixed string of digits, also called a message digest. Multicast Switching A process whereby the switch filters incoming multicast frames for services for which no attached host has registered, or forwards them to all ports contained within the designated multicast VLAN group. Network Time Protocol (NTP) NTP provides the mechanisms to synchronize time across the network. The time servers operate in a hierarchical-master-slave configuration in order to synchronize local clocks within the subnet and to national time standards via wire or radio. Out-of-Band Management Management of the network from a station not attached to the network. Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) A protocol proposed by Microsoft, Cisco and RSA Security for securely transporting authentication data, including passwords, over 802.11 wireless networks. Like the competing standard Tunneled Transport Layer Security (TTLS), PEAP makes it possible to authenticate wireless LAN clients without requiring them to have certificates, simplifying the architecture of secure wireless LANs. Priority See “Class of Service (CoS)” on page 2. Port Mirroring A method whereby data on a target port is mirrored to a monitor port for troubleshooting with a logic analyzer or RMON probe. This allows data on the target port to be studied unobstructively. Port Trunk Defines a network link aggregation and trunking method which specifies how to create a single high-speed logical link that combines several lower-speed physical links. Private VLANs Private VLANs provide port-based security and isolation between ports within the assigned VLAN. Data traffic on downlink ports can only be forwarded to, and from, uplink ports. Per VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST) Foundry propriety for spanning tree applicable to instances of VLANs. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. Glossary-5 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) RADIUS is a logon authentication protocol that uses software running on a central server to control access to RADIUS-compliant devices on the network. Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) RSTP reduces the convergence time for network topology changes to about 10% of that required by the older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. Remote Monitoring (RMON) RMON provides comprehensive network monitoring capabilities. It eliminates the polling required in standard SNMP, and can set alarms on a variety of traffic conditions, including specific error types. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) The RIP protocol seeks to find the shortest route to another device by minimizing the distance-vector, or hop count, which serves as a rough estimate of transmission cost. RIP-2 is a compatible upgrade to RIP. It adds useful capabilities for subnet routing, authentication, and multicast transmissions. Secure Shell (SSH) A secure replacement for remote access functions, including Telnet. SSH can authenticate users with a cryptographic key, and encrypt data connections between management clients and the switch. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) A standard host-to-host mail transport protocol that operates over TCP, port 25. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The application protocol in the Internet suite of protocols which offers network management services. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) Serial Line Internet Protocol is a standard protocol for point-to-point connections using serial lines. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) A technology that checks your network for any loops. A loop can often occur in complicated or backup linked network systems. Spanning tree detects and directs data along the shortest available path, maximizing the performance and efficiency of the network. Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) TACACS+ is a logon authentication protocol that uses software running on a central server to control access to TACACS-compliant devices on the network. Telnet Defines a remote communication facility for interfacing to a terminal device over TCP/IP. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Protocol suite that includes TCP as the primary transport protocol, and IP as the network layer protocol. Glossary-6 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Glossary Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) A TCP/IP protocol commonly used for software downloads. May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. Glossary-7 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Transport Layer Security (TLS) Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a protocol that ensures privacy between communicating applications and their users on the Internet. When a server and client communicate, TLS ensures that no third party may eavesdrop or tamper with any message. TLS is the successor to the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Tunneled Transport Layer Security (TTLS) A proposed wireless security protocol, developed by Funk Software and Certicom, that combines network-based certificates with other authentication such as tokens or passwords. Also known as EAP-TTLS. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) UDP provides a datagram mode for packet-switched communications. It uses IP as the underlying transport mechanism to provide access to IP-like services. UDP packets are delivered just like IP packets – connection-less datagrams that may be discarded before reaching their targets. UDP is useful when TCP would be too complex, too slow, or just unnecessary. Virtual LAN (VLAN) A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point in the network. A VLAN serves as a logical workgroup with no physical barriers, and allows users to share information and resources as though located on the same LAN. XModem A protocol used to transfer files between devices. Data is grouped in 128-byte blocks and error-corrected. Glossary-8 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Index Numerics default settings 2-9 DHCP 3-11, 4-97 dot1x global parameters 3-36, 4-66 port mode 3-37, 4-63 statistics 3-38, 4-66 downloading software 3-12, 4-14 DSCP, priority mapping 3-109, 4-170 dynamic addresses, displaying 4-122 1Q trunk 3-99 802.1x port authentication 3-34, 4-56 A Access Control List See ACL Access Control Lists See ACL ACL configuration guidelines 3-40 Extended IP 3-41, 4-68, 4-69, 4-71 MAC 3-41, 4-68, 4-80, 4-81–4-83 Standard IP 3-41, 4-68, 4-69, 4-70 address table 3-69, 4-121 E edge port, STP 3-82, 3-84, 4-135 error message logging 4-37 Event Syslog A-2 B F BOOTP 3-11, 4-97 broadcast storm, threshold 3-64, 4-114 Buffer Syslog A-7 Facility Syslog A-7 firmware version, displaying 3-7 firmware, upgrading 3-12, 4-14 flow control, configuration 3-54, 4-112 C calender set 4-55 Class of Service configuring 3-102 Layer 3/4 mapping 3-106 port priority 3-102, 4-165 queue mapping 3-102, 3-103 community string 3-22, 4-91 community VLANs 4-150 configuration settings, saving or restoring 3-13, 4-14 console port pin assignments D-1 D G GARP timers, setting 3-98, 4-155 GARP VLAN Registration Protocol See GVRP GVRP 3-91, 3-98, 4-153 GVRP, global setting 3-92 H hardware version, displaying 3-7 HTTP, secure server 3-27, 4-25 HTTPS 3-27, 4-25 default priority, ingress port 3-102 May 2004 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. Index-1 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide I IEEE 802.1D 3-72 IEEE 802.1Q 3-91 IEEE 802.1w 3-72 IEEE 802.1x 3-34, 4-56 IGMP snooping 3-115 IGMP, configuring 3-114, 4-157 ingress filtering 3-99 IP address BOOTP/DHCP service 3-11, 4-97 setting 3-10, 4-97 IP DSCP mapping 3-109, 4-170 IP port mapping 3-110, 4-172 IP precedence mapping 3-107, 4-169 J jumbo frames, configuring 4-23 L LACP 4-178 link aggregation 3-56, 4-177 link type, STP 3-81, 4-136 logging configuring 4-38 enabling 4-37 syslog traps 4-40 to syslog servers 4-39 log-in CLI 4-1 Web interface 3-2 logon authentication RADIUS server 3-25 TACACS server 3-25, 4-61 logon authentication, sequence 4-58 path cost, STP 4-133 pin assignments 25-pin DTE port D-2 9-pin DTE port D-1 console port D-1 port authentication 3-34, 4-56 port configuration autonegotiation 3-54, 4-110 capabilities 3-54, 4-111 displaying 3-52 flow control 3-54, 4-112 port priority configuring 3-102, 4-165 default ingress 3-102 port security, configuring 3-32, 4-114 priority default port ingress 3-102 IP DSCP 3-109, 4-170 IP port 3-110, 4-172 IP precedence 3-107, 4-169 Layer 3/4 mapping 3-106 priority, STP 3-78, 4-127 private VLANs, configuring 4-149 problems, troubleshooting B-1 prompt, configuring for CLI 4-12 protocol migration 3-84, 4-136 Q querier, IGMP snooping 3-115, 4-160 R RADIUS 3-25, 4-56 rate limits, setting 3-67, 4-186 remote logging 4-40 RSTP, global configuration 3-77 M S main menu 3-3 mirror port, configuring 3-66 MSTP global settings 4-124 interface settings 4-124 multicast configuring 3-114, 4-157 IGMP query 3-115 IGMP snooping 3-115 registration table 3-118, 4-160 router 3-116, 4-163 secure shell 4-27 Secure Shell configuration 4-29, 4-30, 4-35 Secure Socket Layer See SSL serial port, configuring 4-101 show marker 4-55 SNMP community string 3-22, 4-91 enabling traps 3-23, 4-94 filtering IP addresses 3-51 Syslog A-2 trap manager 3-23, 4-93 snooping, IGMP 3-115 software downloads 3-12, 4-14 software version, displaying 3-7 Spanning Tree Protocol 3-72, 3-90, 4-124 Spanning Tree Type 3-78 SSH, configuring 4-29, 4-30, 4-35 SSL 4-25 P passwords administrator setting 3-24 support 1-1 path cost method 3-79, 4-128 Index-2 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 Index STA interface settings 3-87, 3-89 startup files displaying 3-12, 4-16 setting 3-12, 4-17 statistics, switch 3-120, 4-118 STP 4-124, 4-125 configuring interfaces 3-83, 4-124 edge port 3-82, 3-84, 4-135 interface settings 3-81, 4-139 link type 3-81, 4-136 path cost 3-82, 3-84, 4-128 path cost method 3-79 priority 3-78, 4-127, 4-134 protocol migration 3-84, 4-136 support, technical 1-1 Syslog A-2 buffer A-7 changing facility A-7 server A-6 system clock, setting 3-20, 4-51 System Logs 3-15 system software, downloading from server 3-12, 4-14 T TACACS 3-25, 4-56 tagged frames, VLAN 3-90 technical support 1-1 e-mail 1-1 telephone 1-2 Web 1-1 time, setting 3-20, 4-51 Trap May 2004 Syslog A-2 trap manager 3-23, 4-93 troubleshooting B-1 trunk configuration 3-56, 4-177 static 3-55 U unit ID, displaying 4-24 untagged VLANs 3-91 upgrading software 3-12, 4-14, C-1 user password 3-24 V VLANs adding interfaces 3-96, 3-98, 4-147 creating 3-95 current table 3-93 forbidden 3-97, 4-148 ingress filtering 4-145 interface configuration 3-98 PVID 4-146 W Web interface access requirements 3-1 configuration buttons 3-2 home page 3-2 menu list 3-3 panel display 3-3 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. Index-3 Foundry EdgeIron User Guide Index-4 © 2004 Foundry Networks, Inc. May 2004 ">
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Key features
- Port security
- 802.1x authentication
- VLAN configuration
- SNMP management
- SSH management
Frequently asked questions
You can connect to the switch using a console cable, Telnet, or SSH. The switch can also be managed remotely using a web browser.
You can set the IP address manually, or you can use DHCP/BOOTP.
You can create VLANs using the web interface or the command line interface. You can also assign ports to VLANs.
You can configure port security to limit the number of devices that can connect to a port. You can also specify the MAC addresses of allowed devices.
You can configure 802.1x authentication to require users to authenticate before they can access the network. You can also configure RADIUS or TACACS servers for authentication.
You can configure SNMP to allow network management applications to monitor the switch.
You can configure SSH to allow secure remote access to the switch.
