operation manual

OPERATION MANUAL
cRctii» me
DRUMTRAKS
Model 400
OPERATION MANUAL
by Stanley 3ungleib
Art Assistance: 3ay Oglevee
Manual No. CM400A
Issued: November, 1983
©1983 by
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS, INC.
All rights reserved. Printed in Japan.
Sequential Circuits, me.
3051 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95134-2093
U.S.A.
408/946-5240
TELEX: 364412 INTR 706
Sequential Circuits, me.
Nijverheidsweg lie
3641 RP Mijdrecht
Netherlands
02979-6211
TELEX: 12721 SQNTL NL
Table of Contents
paragraph
page
About the Model 400 and tl
BASIC SETUP
Connections and Power On
1-1
1-2
Master Volume
1-3
Instrument Volume
1-*
Accent
1-5
Instrument Tuning
PLAYING PATTERNS
2-1
Pattern Run and Stop
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
Selecting Patterns
Cueing Patterns
Playback Tempo
Swing Value
2-6
2-7
RUN/STOP Footswitch
NEXT/REPEAT Footswitch
RECORDING PATTERNS
4-1
Erase Pattern
4-2
Basic Recording
4-3
Time Signature
4-4
// of Measures
4-5
Instrument Volume
4-6
Instrument Tuning
4-7
Error Correct/Erase Instrument
4-8
Overdub with Programmed Volume
or Tuning
4-9
Copying a Pattern
4-10
Appending
Memory Management
BUILDING BASIC SONGS
5-1
Erase Song
5-2
Build Song
11/83
2-1
2-2
2-2
2-2
2-3
2-3
2-3
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-5
4-6
4-8
4-9
4-9
4-10
5-1
5-2
PLAYING SONGS
6-1
Run/Stop
6-2
Selecting Songs
6-3
Cue/Stop
6-4
Tempo
6-5
RUN/STOP Footswitch
6-6
NEXT/REPEAT Footswitch
CM400A
1-3
1-3
3-1
OVERDUBBING PATTERNS
4-11
1-1
1-1
1-3
ui
6-1
6-1
6-2
6-2
6-2
6-2
paragraph
7
page
ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-1
Copying a Song
7-2
Appending Songs
7-3
7-4
Editing Songs
Inserting Steps
7-2
7-5
7-6
Deleting Steps
7-4
Extending a Song
7-7
7-8
7-9
7-10
Volume Change
7-5
7-6
7-3
Initial Tempo
Relative Tempo Change
Ending Songs
and Exiting Build Mode
8
7-8
7-9
7-11
CASSETTE
8-1
Connection
8-1
8-2
Save
8-3
Verify
Save Error
Load
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-4
8-5
8-6
Load Error
9
USING CHANNEL OUTPUTS
10
CLOCK IN/CMIT
11
7-1
7-1
10-1
10-2
10-3
Clock In
Clock Out
Sequencer Interface
10-4
Tape Sync Interface
9-1
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
USING MIDI
11-1
11-2
11-3
11-4
Connection
External Instrument Control
Using Two Drumtraks
Use with Sequencer
12
DISPLAY SUMMARY
13
HIDDEN FUNCTIONS
14
DETAILS
15
SPECIFICATIONS
16
MIDI IMPLEMENTATION
CM400A 11/83
IV
11-1
11-1
11-2
11-3
About the Model *00 Drumtraks and this Manual
In the tradition of SCFs fully-programmable performance synthesizers, the Model 400
Drumtraks simplifies the creation of highly complex and convincing rhythmic
arrangements. The design strikes a remarkable balance between ease of use and depth
of functions. In addition to enabling its thirteen digitally-stored percussion sounds to
be recorded, overdubbed and edited with perfect timing, this flexible, multi-track
rhythm sequencer easily programs the variations which keep things rhythmically
interesting: individual instrument volume and tuning, "swing" balance, accents, and
tempo changes. Yet the Drumtraks price is a fraction of the price of the equivalent
real instruments and multi-track recorder.
Each instrument is playable with its own key: Bass, Snare, Rim, Tom 1, Tom 2, Crash
Cymbal, Ride Cymbal, Closed Hi-Hat, Open Hi-Hat, Claps, Tambourine, Cowbell,
Cabasa. The instruments have already been professionally-recorded for studio-quality
sound and a character that records well on tape.
As a digital recording instrument, the Drumtraks can do things which are impossible
with tape. Multi-tracking, mixing, editing, copying, and erasing can be done without
re-recording, splicing, or accumulating noise and distortion through the processes of
"mix-down" and "bouncing" parts between tape tracks. The Drumtraks contains a
programmable mixer with a monophonic output (which can drive stereo headphones).
For control by external mixers or processors, six audio channels (plus the metronome)
are available at the back panel through standard 1/4-inch phone jacks (see Section 9).
The Drumtracks has two primary modes: pattern and song. Basically, songs are made
by chaining patterns together. The memory capacity of 3289 notes can be allocated to
up to 99 different patterns, any of which can be up to 100 measures long in any time
signature. Tempo range is 40 - 250 beats-per-minute. Each overdub of a pattern can be
recorded with a different instrument volume or tuning, in real time (exactly as
played), or auto-corrected to one of eight levels of resolution. Any part of an
instrumental track can be
(appended).
erased.
Patterns
can
be
copied
and
added
together
Up to 99 songs can be defined, which can consist of up to 100 steps. Steps specify how
the song is built by selecting patterns and inserting volume or tempo changes. Songs,
too, can be edited, copied and appended.
The Drumtraks memory is retained even when power is off thanks to a backup battery
with a ten-year life. For permanent storage and reprogramming, the built-in interface
can be used to store the contents of memory on a common cassette.
All functional information is displayed on four eight-segment LEDs. For performance,
two jacks for optional footswitches allow "hands-free" starting and stopping of songs,
pattern or song selection, and pattern repetition.
There are two built-in interface systems. For older sequencers or rhythm units and
sync-to-tape there is a selectable 24, 48 or 96 pulse-per-quarter note clock input, and
a 24- or 48-pulse clock output. For operation with computer-controlled sequencers, the
new MIDI interface is also included. This enables the Drumtraks to synchronize to
SCI?s new Model 610 Six-Trak multi-timbral synthesizer /sequencer, or any other MIDIequipped instrument. (For example, the Drumtraks can be played with full velocity
control from the keyboard of the Prophet-T8.)
CM400A
11/83
The Drumtraks has several levels of operation, allowing you both to learn how to use it
immediately and to later explore its many options. For example, to start recording
your own two-measure patterns, you simply select a pattern number, select record
mode, then press RUN. An internal metronome provides the basic beat. As the pattern
repeats itself (or, "loops") you can overdub any of the percussion instruments.
After becoming familiar with basic operation, you can change the number of measures
in the pattern, the time signature (to any value), accents, error correct and swing
parameters.
This manual begins with basic setup (Section 1), followed by the simplest operation,
pattern playback (Section 2). After showing how to play patterns, the manual covers
how to record and edit your own patterns (Sections 3 and 4). You can then build
(Section 5) and play (Section 6) songs using pre-programmed or custom patterns. Then
try some of the more advanced song functions (Section 7).
To keep instructions as stream-lined as possible, most explanatory material has been
organized under Details (Section 1*). Refer also to the enclosed card which contains
brief instructions and descriptions of all controls and indicators.
CM400A
11/83
VI
1 BASIC SET-UP
1-1 Connections and Power On
WARNING! Do not connect power yet.
Switch off all other equipment in use.
Connect Drumtraks AUDIO OUT to
monitor
system
with
monophonic
cable, or plug in stereo headphones
directly (both sides will be driven with
a monophonic signal).
Check that back-panel power switch is
OFF
OIM
OFF.
CONNECT DRUMTRAKS
(SEE NEXT PAGE)
Connect line cord to power source at
correct line voltage.
m
Switch power on.
Normal indications are that 00 appears
OFF
n n
u u
in the Right display, and PATTERN //
will be on. The Left display is blank.
CURRENT
PATTERN *
Switch monitor system power on.
1-2 Master Volume
You can now "play" the Drumtraks by
hitting any instrument key.
CAUTION: To protect speakers (and
ears), first lower MASTER VOLUME
all the way, then raise it to desired
level while playing the instruments.
For best signal-to-noiose ratio, raise
MASTER VOLUME as far as possible
(without
causing
distortion)
reducing the amplifier gain.
CM400A
11/83
while
1-1
1 BASIC SET-UP
POWER SWITCH
WARNING! Switch power off to all
equipment in use before connecting or
disconnecting anything.
DRUMTRAKS
LINE CORD
Connect to correct power source
U.S./Japan: 115V.
Europe: 230V.
HEADPHONES
OR
AUDIO OUT
Composite
monophonic signal.
drive stereo headphones directly.
Can
MIXER
OR
Figure 1-1
BASIC SET-UP
CM400A
11/83
1-2
1 BASIC SET-UP
1-3 Instrument Volume
To
change
the
volume
of
any
instrument, adjust PER INSTRUMENT
VOLUME as desired, while holding
down the instrument key. The knob
will adjust the volume to one of
sixteen levels. While the key is held
and the knob turned, the level number
(00 - 15) will be displayed on the Left.
VOLUME
-PER
The resulting instrument mix will be
retained through all patterns and songs
until you specifically change it in this
way (or until a song with programmed
INSTRUMENT
RUN/STOP
ACCENT
VOLUME
♦•
volume changes is run).
Accent
If
ACCENT
instrument
is
key
held,
will
playing
accent
any
that
instrument.
1-5 Instrument Tuning
The tuning of any instrument can be
adjusted in the same way as volume.
Adjust PER INSTRUMENT TUNING as
desired, while holding down instrument
key. The knob will adjust the tuning to
one of sixteen pitches. While the key
is held and the knob turned, the pitch
number (00 - 15) will be displayed on
TUNING
I—PER INSTRUMENT-!
the Left.
As with volume, this instrument tuning
will stay the same through all patterns
and songs until you specifically change
it.
CM400A 11/83
RUN/STOP
1-3
ACCENT
2 PLAYING PATTERNS
The Drumtraks comes pre-programmed with a few patterns (and songs), which can be
played immediately by following these instructions. If you are operating a display unit
keep in mind that someone may have altered or erased these "factory" patterns. To
create your own patterns, see Section b.
2-1 Pattern Run and Stop
To playback a pattern, PATTERN #
must be on. If it is not on, use SELECT
SELECT
PATTERN FUNCTIONS.
PATTERN
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN*
If power has just been turned on,
pattern 00 is automatically selected.
n n
u u
This (or the current pattern number) is
OR CURRENT
PATTERN *
indicated in Right display.
Press RUN.
RUN/STOP
If selected pattern is empty, the RUN
LED will go off immediately.
An
existing
repeat
pattern
automatically
will
start
("loop").
and
RUN
will light.
RUN/STOP
The front panel will blink on the first
beat of each loop.
While the pattern is running you can
play any of the instruments normally,
without this playing being added to the
programmed pattern.
BASS
PER
INSTRUMENT
VOLUME
and
TUNING can be adjusted by pressing
the desired instrument key.
SNARE
.*,.«,.
DLur
PER
INSTRUMENT-
To stop pattern, press STOP.
If you press RUN again, the pattern
will restart -from its beginning (rather
than from the point at which it was
stopped).
CM400A 11/83
RUN/STOP
2-1
ACCENT
2 PLAYING PATTERNS
2-2 Selecting Patterns
While stopped, select another pattern
number by entering two digits (00-98).
88
(99 is always empty.)
Or
press
(INC/DEC).
Increment
or
Decrement
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
►
2-3 Cueing Patterns
To have one pattern stop and another
start automatically, you can "cue11 the
next pattern:
While the current pattern is running,
select the next pattern number. When
the current pattern finishes its current
loop, the new pattern which you
selected will start, in perfect time.
If the new
selection
is pattern
DECREMENT
99
INCREMENT
(which is always empty) or any other
empty
pattern,
the
current
pattern
will stop at its end (rather than loop).
PLEASE NOTE
This can be used to obtain endings
precisely at the pattern end (rather
than at whatever point STOP happens
to be pressed.).
2-* Playback Tempo
When power is first applied, Tempo is
set to 100 beats-per-minute. Unless
you adjust TEMPO, patterns will play
n n
u u
at this speed.
To
change
speed, press TEMPO
SLOWER or FASTER. The changing
tempo
value
following a "T.ff
To
display
changing
switches.
it,
will
current
hold
be
tempo
both
TEMPO
displayed
without
TEMPO
SLOWER
All patterns will play at the selected
tempo until you change >it (or play a
song which has tempo changes).
CM400A
11/83
2-2
FASTER
2 PLAYING PATTERNS
2-5 Swing Value
To adjust swing value of a pattern, the
Drumtraks must be stopped.
SELECT
Select
SWING
%
with
SELECT
PATTERN FUNCTIONS switch. The
swing value is shown in Right display.
The value is set by default to 50, but
may be changed to 54, 58, 62, 66, or
•
PATTERN #
m
RECORD
T1
jft
70% with INC/DEC.
PATTERN
•
•
FUNCTIONS
MODE
ERASE INSTRUMENT
ERROR CORRECT
SWING O/o
•
TIME
SIGNATURE
•
* OF
MEASURES
•
ERASE
•
COPY / APPEND TO
PATTERN
The pattern will always play with the
selected
again.
swing,
until
it
is
changed
5 0
If RUN is pressed, the function will
automatically return to PATTERN //
and the pattern will start.
H
DEC
Note that SWING % can only be
changed when the time signature beat
value (denominator) is 4. (For more
information, see Details at the back.)
2-6 RUN/STOP Footswitch
BACK PANEL
If desired, connect optional footswitch
to RUN/STOP FTSW jack.
This
footswitch
duplicates
the
function of the RUN/STOP switch. It
can be used to start and stop playback.
This makes it easier to obtain precise
starting when the hands are busy
elsewhere.
2-7 NEXT/REPEAT Footswitch
If desired, connect optional footswitch
to NEXT/REPEAT FTSW jack.
BACK PANEL
Pressing this footswitch will select the
next
pattern
number,
for
cueing
or
precise endings (by selecting an empty
pattern).
REPEAT is a song function. See page
6-2.
CM400A
11/83
2-3
L
INC
3 OVERDUBBING PATTERNS
The section covers basic overdubbing of existing patterns. For more pattern functions,
see Section *t. Only patterns can be overdubbed, not songs. Overdubbing a pattern will
affect all songs which contain that pattern.
Select
PATTERN
//
(using
SELECT
PATTERN FUNCTIONS switch).
^b I
I MUCT Pi TTIIN
W E ♦ mmrnw*
m
Select desired pattern.
1
•
•
•
If
desired,
RUN
pattern
ricoro
h—«
and
adjust
MOOC
imISC
•
FUNCTIONS
IRIion
INSTBUMIMT
corrict
SWIMON*
TIM! • IONATUHI
*OF
MUIUMI
•
CRASC
PATTtRN
•
COPY '
APPfNO
TO
TEMPO, PER INSTRUMENT VOLUME
or TUNING. STOP.
EXAMPLE
Select RECORD MODE (using SELECT
PATTERN FUNCTIONS switch).
88
□ 0 0
□ 0 0
13 0 0
0 0 0
Press RUN (or footswitch).
The selected pattern will play and the
metronome will click on the beat of
the time signature. (For example, in
4/* time it clicks on every quarter
note.) Adjust METRONOME VOLUME
as desired. The metronome will be
accented each time the pattern loops.
PATTERN*
Anything you play on the instrument
"ICOBO
MOOC
IBAtf
keys will be recorded as part of the
•
INtTHUMINT
mnoa comrcct
SWING «•
pattern.
TIMC
SICNATUHC
• Of
MCASURCS
CHASC
COPY
PATTiRN
' APPCNO
TO
As the edited pattern loops, the front
panel will blink and your overdubbing
will be included.
4 I8
Note; Playing will be error-corrected
to the default value of 1/16-notes. To
learn how to use Error Correct and
Erase Instrument, see page 4-6.
O
10
METRONOME
VOLUME
To stop editing,
footswitch).
press
STOP
(or
OR
RUN/STOP
CM400A 11/83
3-1
RECORDING PATTERNS
The Drumtraks can store 99 patterns, numbered 00-98. (Pattern 99 cannot be recorded.
It is reserved for use as a "stop11 function.)
This section first covers simple recording with the following "default" values for the
pattern:
ERROR CORRECT 1/16
SWING
50%
TIME SIGNATURE: */«
// OF MEASURES
1
It then discusses how to change these and other options.
Note: If it is desired to save the factory patterns using the cassette interface, do so
now, before erasing or recording (see Section 8).
4-1 Erase Pattern
Before a pattern can be recorded under a number, the location must be cleared with
the ERASE PATTERN function. This protective arrangement helps prevent you from
accidentally recording over a desired pattern.
Use SELECT PATTERN
switch
to
advance
PATTERN.
FUNCTIONS
to
ERASE
SELECT
•
PATTERN #
m
RECORD
T
1
Enter two digits of pattern number to
be cleared.
PATTERN
#
•
FUNCTIONS
MODE
ERASE INSTRUMENT
ERROR CORRECT
•
SWING O/o
•
TIME
SIGNATURE
•
* OF
MEASURES
•
COPY / APPEND TO
•$>
ERASE
PATTERN
Note: Be sure to enter the right
numbers or you may accidently erase a
valuable pattern. If you enterd the
wrong first digit, you can escape by
pressing SELECT twice
second digit is entered).
(before
the
When the second digit is entered the
pattern will be cleared.
The function will automatically return
to PATTERN #.
0
/
1
1
1
ERASED
PATTERN *
CM^OOA 11/83
t RECORDING PATTERNS
4-2 Basic Recording
EXAMPLE
Check that desired, empty PATTERN
# is displayed. (Pattern 99 cannot be
recorded.)
1 88
Select RECORD MODE.
SELECT
•
metronome
will
play
on
the
beat
FUNCT
PATTERN*
J^^. j£
When
you
press
RUN
(or
the
footswitch), recording will start. The
PATTERN
RECORD
MODE
*
specified by the time signature (for
example, on each quarter note for
OR
*/*). On the first beat of each loop the
metronome is accented and the front
panel blinks.
^3T^
RUN/STOP
4 I 6
Adjust
desired.
METRONOME
VOLUME
as
0
10
TEMPO
METRONOME
Adjust TEMPO as desired.
VOLUME
SLOWER
To .play on the first beat, you can
either play immediately after pressing
RUN (or footswitch), or wait for the
next loop.
Any instrument parts can be recorded
with or without accents.
BASS
ACCENT
When done recording, press STOP (or
footswitch).
The
function
will
automatically return to PATTERN //•
OR
To playback, press RUN.
RUN/STOP
CM400A
i\
H/83
4-2
SNARE
FAS
RECORDING PATTERNS
4-3 Time Signature
Unless the default value of 4/<f is desired, TIME SIGNATURE must be set before
recording. It can only be adjusted when the pattern is empty (erased as explained on
page 4-1).
SELECT
Select PATTERN //.
PATTERN
4|fr
PATTERN #
•
RECORD
j-
1
•
FUNCTIONS
MODE
ERASE INSTRUMENT
•
ERROR CORRECT
•
SWING O|o
•
TIME
SIGNATURE
•
# OF
MEASURES
•
ERASE
•
COPY / APPEND TO
PATTtRN
EXAMPLE
88
Select desired empty pattern number.
Select TIME SIGNATURE.
SELECT
PATTERN
•
PATTERN*
•
RECORD
[■
MODE
•
ERASE
•
ERROR CORRECT
•
SWING O/o
•
# OF
•
•
•
FUNCTIONS
INSTRUMENT
TIME SIGNATURE
ERASE
MEASURES
PATTtRN
COPY / APPEND TO
Enter two-digit number for numerator
(beats-per-measure).
(The display will not accept more than
two
digits.
If
you
make
a
mistake,
continue.)
Use
INC/DEC
to
select
denominator (beat value).
the
Select next function (usually //
MEASURES or RECORD MODE).
OF
(If you made a mistake entering the
beats per measure, reselect TIME
SIGNATURE function to enter correct
number of beats per measure.)
CM400A 11/83
DECREMENT
INCREMENT
RECORDING PATTERNS
4-4 // of Measures
Unless the default value of one measure is desired, # OF MEASURES must be set
before recording. It can only be adjusted when the pattern is empty (erased as
explained above;.
Select PATTERN #.
SELECT
PATTERN
4|t
PATTERN #
•
RECORD
FUNCTIONS
MODE
•
ERASE
•
ERROR CORRECT
•
SWINGO/o
•
•
TIME
# OF
INSTRUMENT
SIGNATURE
MEASURES
•
ERASE
•
COPY / APPEND TO
PATTfcRN
EXAMPLE
33
Select desired empty pattern number.
Select # OF MEASURES.
Enter
two-digit
INC/DEC.
number
SELECT
or
use
•
PATTERN*
•
RECORD
CM400A
11/83
FUNCTIONS
MODE
•
ERASE
•
ERROR CORRECT
•
SWINGO/o
•
TIME
•
Select
next
function
(usually
PATTERN // or RECORD MODE).
PATTERN
INSTRUMENT
SIGNATURE
* OF MEASURES
•
ERASE
•
COPY / APPEND TO
PATTtRN
RECORDING PATTERNS
Instrument Volume
After defining the time signature and number of measures, you may want to program
the instrument volumes so that whenever this pattern is played, it will always have the
same mix.
If you do not program instrument volume, the pattern will always play with whatever
basic mix happens to be set.
SELECT
To program instrument volume:
#
PATTERN
PATTERN*
®
Select PATTERN #.
Adjust PER INSTRUMENT VOLUMES
as desired.
VOLUME
INSTRUMENT
PER
SELECT
Select RECORD MODE.
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN
INSTRUMENT
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN #
RECORD
Play each instrument once by running
your
finger
down
the
row
of
instrument keys. Or, just hit the keys
to be recorded at this time. This
records the current volume setting of
each instrument with the pattern.
CN 1
□
CM 2
CN
3
CN
MODE
4
CN S
CM
•
□ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
MM
Instrument Tuning
CtOttO
ON*
*****
CdUJMU
CMMA
*
You may also want to program instrument tuning so the pattern will always play with
the same tunings. This can be done similarly to instrument volume.
If you do not program instrument tuning, the pattern will always play with whatever
basic tuning happens to be set.
SELECT
To program instrument tuning:
<£
PATTERN
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN #
Select PATTERN //.
Adjust PER
as desired.
INSTRUMENT
TUNINGS
INSTRUMENT p£R instrument^
Select RECORD MODE.
SELECT
finger
down
the
row
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN#
Play each instrument once by running
your
PATTERN
RECORD
MODE
of
instrument keys. Or, just hit the keys
to be recorded at this time. This
records the current tuning of each
instrument with the pattern.
CN 1
CN t
CN
3
CN
CN
•
□ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ D □ □ □ a
CMM
CM400A 11/83
CN •
MM
dMt.
MMU
RECORDING PATTERNS
Error Correct/Erase Instrument
** tlTgS ProSrammed (or not, as desired) you are no*
^ZS?* h° ^ ERR°R
?ORRECT is used to eliminate subtle timing errors from the pattern. The
f error-correct1On « represented by a note value from 1/2 to 1/96, with /2
8 maXimUm «*?«*'«* and 1/96 being highest resolution. The
errors from a pattern-In this
Notes always play error-corrected to the value which happens to be selected when the
COORSRaECTeaCsOddeeddT
? ?^e
theirback^ection^erwe
^« ^!
CORRECT as desired,
then***
overdub
the part
in, as explainedthe
below:
Select PATTERN //.
StlECT
0
PATTERN
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN*
Select desired pattern #.
n
u
Select RECORD MODE.
SELECT
Press RUN. The metronome will start.
PATTERN
•
PATTERN*
-0
RECORO
FUNCTIONS
MOOE
Press SELECT twice to light ERROR
CORRECT. The current value will be
displayed with "1-" on the Left and the
note value, e.g. "16," on the Right.
PUN
Assume, for example, that the BASS is
to be played only on quarter-note
beats. Use DEC to lower the ERROR
CORRECT value from its 1/16 default
to 1/4.
X2
STOP
SELECT
•
PATTERN
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN*
RECORO
MOOE
ERASE
INSTRUMENT
ERROR
CORRECT
Now play the BASS near the quarter-
note metronome beats, and observe on
the next loop how it has been recorded
in perfect time.
OH
CM400A
11/83
RECORDING PATTERNS
4-7 Error Correct/Erase Instrument cont'd
In preparation for recording a SNARE
part, for example, you might raise
ERROR CORRECT to
n q
u
1/8. Play the
b
SNARE.
SNARE
While
the
pattern
loops,
you
might
ib
raise ERROR CORRECT to 1/16 and
try some TOM rolls.
This should give you the idea of how
ERROR CORRECT is used-
If it seems that a part isn't recording
right where you want it, press SELECT
twice
to
activate
ERASE
INSTRUMENT.
"Er" (for
erase)
will
show in the Right display.
TO Ml
SELECT
PATTERN
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN#
•
^
RE
RECORD
4t
MODE
ERASE
INSTRUMENT
Er
With
ERASE
INSTRUMENT
on,
pressing any instrument key will clear
notes recorded for that instrument,
'only while the key is held. Be sure to
press the right key or you may clear
the
wrong
instrument
from
the
pattern.
If desired, an erased instrument can be
overdubbed back in. Switch ERASE off
by pressing SELECT once (which lights
ERROR CORRECT).
To
stop
editing,
footswitch).
press
STOP
SELECT
•
PATTERN #
•
RECORD
I
'
(or
•
#
MODE
FUNCTIONS
ERASE INSTRUMENT
ERROR CORRECT
OR
RUN/STOP
CM»00A 11/83
PATTERN
\t I
RECORDING PATTERNS
4-8 Overdub with Programmed Volume or Tuning
While the pattern plays, adjust volume
and tuning of the instruments to be
used in the overdub.
M««
SNARE
TUNING
LPER INSTRUMENT-1
•
Stop the pattern.
RUN/STOP
Select RECORD MODE.
SELECT
PATTERN
FUNCTIONS
PATTERN*
RECORD
Hit the instrument keys to program
them to the current volume and tuning
settings.
5
CM,
9
CM
2
CM
3
CM
4
MOOE
<
CM
8
D D D D D D D D □ 3 [
T0M1
TOMt
C»*s«
him
ClOltO
on in
'MM
CO
Run the pattern.
RUN/STOP
Overdub the instruments, which will
record
with
tuning values.
their
CM400A 11/83
new
volume
and
D D D D D □ a a a
□ DC
4 RECORDING PATTERNS
4-9 Copying a Pattern
To copy,
first
erase
pattern (see page 4-1).
the
destination
EMPTY
DESTINATION
Select the number of the pattern to be
copied.
PATTERN TO
BE COPIED
Select COPY/APPEND TO (Pattern).
SELECT
•
PATTERN*
A
RECORO
FUNCTIONS
MODE
\-
•
ERASE
1
•
ERROR CORRECT
INSTRUMENT
•
SWINGOfo
•
TIME
SIGNATURE
•
* OF
MEASURES
•
ERASE
•fk
Enter destination number digits.
PATTERN
PATTERN
COPY / APPENO TO
The
H3
pattern will be copied when the second
digit is entered.
DESTINATION
4-10 Appending
EXAMPLE
Select the number of the pattern you
n n
u o
want to be at the end.
END PATTERN
Select COPY/APPEND TO (Pattern).
Enter the number of the pattern to
which you want the first pattern
appended. The first pattern will be
appended to the second pattern when
the second digit is entered.
(To multiply its length, a pattern can
SELECT
PATTERN
•
PATTERN*
•
RECORO
•
SWING O/o
•
•
TIME
# OF
T
1
•
•
FUNCTIONS
MODE
ERASE INSTRUMENT
ERROR CORRECT
SIGNATURE
MEASURES
•
ERASE
4*
COPY / APPENO TO
PATTERN
be appended to itself.)
If the destination is empty, this is the
same as COPY.
Note: More than one pattern can be
appended. Also the patterns need not
have
the
same
time
signature,
For
example, you can append a 7/8 pattern
to one in 4/4. The total length of the
new pattern would be four quarter
notes plus seven eighth notes, although
the displayed time signature will still
be 4/4.
CM400A 11/83
31
8COIN
PATTERN
RECORDING PATTERNS
Memory Management
The
Drumtracks
capacity
of
3289
has
every programmable
a
notes.
change, or tuning
additional
memory,
maximum
However,
accent,
overall capacity.
HOLD BOTH
volume
change takes
reducing
the
% MEMORY
REMAINING
Whenever the Drumtracks is stopped,
the percentage of memory used can be
read from the Left display by pressing
both the INC and DEC switches.
When
recording,
if
capacity
is
VOLUME
is
n
u
reached, the display will blink "FULL."
If
the
METRONOME
raised, a "beep" will also be heard. No
further recording will be allowed.
To create more memory space, erase
undesired patterns and songs.
CM400A 11/83
PATTERN
4-10
5 BUILDING BASIC SONGS
The Drumtraks can store 99 songs, numbered 00-98. (Song 99 is always blank, for use
as a "stop" function.) Basically, songs are chains of pattern selections. Each song can
contain 100 steps. Steps are directions which tell the song to switch patterns, volumes,
or tempo. This section covers simple pattern chaining. Other song functions are
covered in Section 7.
Note; Whenever SONG // is on, the song number is always displayed on the left.
SONG *
58
5-1 Erase Song
Before a song can be recorded under a number, the location must be cleared with the
ERASE SONG function. This protective arrangement helps prevent you from
accidentally recording over a desired song.
Advance
to
ERASE
SONG,
using
SELECT SONG FUNCTIONS switch.
SELECT
Enter two digits of song number to be
cleared.
SONG
FUNCTIONS
• SONG#
<£> ERASE
SONG
• COPY/APPEND TO
• BUILO
-0
Note: Be sure to enter the right
numbers or you may accidently erase a
valuable song. If you enterd the wrong
first digit, you can escape by pressing
SELECT twice.
MODE
PATTERN*
-%
VOL
-0
TEMPO
CHANGE
-%
INSERT
-#
DELETE
CHANGE
ENTER
When the second digit is entered the
song will be cleared.
4
The function will automatically return
to SONG #.
000
0
0
33
ERASED SONG
CMWOA 11/83
5-1
SELECT SONG
5 BUILDING BASIC SONGS
5-2 Build Song
There are five functions plus one ENTER switch associated with Build Mode.
SELECT
SONG
FUNCTIONS
( I SONG#
( 1 ERASE SONG
< 1 COPY/APPEND
TO
t builo mode
#
PATTERN*
#
VOL
#
TEMPO
CHANGE
—+
INSERT
#
DELETE
CHANGE
ENTER
SeleCt BUILD MODE
(See example on next page.)
CM400A 11/83
5-2
5 BUILDING BASIC SONGS
First, advance SELECT SONG FUNCTIONS to SONG //. Then:
Song Function
LEDS
Displays
Left
or use INC/DEC.
SONG //
45 (song)
blank
Select BUILD MODE
BUILD MODE
45
ii
ENTER
BUILD MODE/
PATTERN #
00 (step)
E (current end)
Right
Enter two-digit song number,
32
ii
00
32 (1st A pattern)
ENTER
it
01
E (current end)
32
n
01
32 (2nd A pattern)
ENTER
ti
02
E
17
ii
02
17 (B pattern)
ENTER
it
03
E
32
n
03
32 (last A)
ENTER
ii
04
E
SONG #
45 (song)
ENTER
(Function automatically returns to SONG #.)
Song 45 has now been built as follows:
Step »
00
(Pattern ID
01
02
03
Entry
32
32
17
32
04
E(end command—press ENTER twice)
To view the steps that build song #45, enter BUILD MODE again.
At this point, PATTERN # (under BUILD MODE) should be lit.
Press the INC or DEC switches. These will change the step number as displayed on the
left. On the right will be displayed the pattern number for each step.
CM400A 11/83
5-3
6 PLAYING SONGS
6-1 Run/Stop
If no song functions are on, press
SELECT SONG FUNCTIONS switch.
SELECT
SONO
FUNCTIONS
£ 8ONO#
SONG // will be automatically selected
n n
u u
and the Left display will indicate 00
(or the last song selected).
CURRENT 9ONQ
Enter desired song //.
Press
RUN
(or
footswitch).
The
SELECTED 8ONQ
selected song will start. (If selected
song is empty, or the first pattern in
the song is empty, the RUN LED will
OR
go off immediately.)
PUN
STOP
While a song is running, the step
number is displayed on the Left and
n
the pattern number (or tempo or
volume change) is displayed on the
U
Right.
i
f
STEP
PATTERN
NUMBER
NUMBER
The front panel will blink on the first
beat of each pattern.
If
the
final step
of
the
song
is
an
empty pattern (such as //99), the song
will stop by itself.
Otherwise the song will loop until
stopped by the footswitch (or an
empty song number is selected—see
"Cueing," next page.)
6-2 Selecting Songs
While stopped, select another song
number by entering two digits, or
CURRENT
SONG
using INC/DEC.
S'S
OR
CM400A 11/83
6-1
HB
6 PLAYING SONGS
6-3 Cue/Stop
While running, select a different song
number. It will be shown in the Left
display.
When
CURRENT SONG
the
current
song
finishes
□
its
current loop, the new song which you
"cued-up" will automatically start.
Cueing can be used to make a song
stop instead of loop: while the song
plays, select #99 or another empty
4
5
| 6
7
i.i
.■
X2
song number.
SONG STOPS
AT END
TEMPO
Tempo
A basic song will play at whatever
OR
tempo happens to be selected when it
is run.
SLOWER
However, the initial starting tempo of
the song can be programmed, as can
"relative" tempo changes (see pages
7-8 and 7-9).
r
i
i
i
FASTER
'a 1
6-5 RUN/STOP Footswitch
In
song
mode,
the
RUN/STOP
footswitch can control playback.
6-6 NEXT/REPEAT Footswitch
While running a song, if the REPEAT
footswitch is held, the current pattern
will repeat. When it is released, the
song will continue normally.
REPEATS SAME PATTERN IN SONG
CM400A
11/83
6-2
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-1 Copying a Song
To copy,
first
erase
song (see page 5-1).
the
destination
13
EMPTY
DESTINATION
Select the number of the song to be
copied.
IS
SONG TO
BE COPIED
Select COPY/APPEND TO (Song).
SELECT
SONG
#
SONG*
#
ERASE
FUNCTIONS
SONG
4t COPY/APPEND TO
l>
Enter destination number digits. The
song will be copied when the second
digit is entered.
13
COPIED SONG
(If initial tempo has been programmed
in the song, it will be copied with the
song.)
7-2 Appending Songs
Select the number
want at the end.
of
the
song
you
^s
ENDING SONG
Select COPY/APPEND TO (Song).
SELECT
SONG
#
SONG#
•
ERASE
FUNCTIONS
SONG
|ft COPY/APPEND TO
Enter the number of the song to which
you want the first song appended. The
first song will be appended to the
second song when the second digit is
n
u
BEGINNING
SONG
entered.
(If initial tempo has been programmed
in the second song, it is ignored.
However, relative tempo changes in
the second song are still valid.)
Note;
Songs
themselves.
CM400A 11/83
can
be
appended
to
7-1
"j:
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-3 Editing Songs
Let's suppose we have song 45 already given above (page 5-2) as an
00
01
02
03
example:
Entry
32
32
17
32
END
And we want to change it to an ABAB form, that is:
00
01
32
17
02
32
03
17
END
Advance SELECT to SONG #. Then:
EXAMPLE
Select Song //
Song Function
Displays
LEDS
Left
SONG #
00 (song)
SONG #
45 (song)
BUILD MODE
45
BUILD MODE/
00 (step)
(step)
00
32 (current entry)
01 (step)
32 (current entry)
01
17 (edited entry)
02
17 (current entry)
02
32 (edited entry)
03
32 (current entry)
03
17 (edited entry)
04
E (current entry)
Right
Press two-digit song number,
or use INC/DEC.
Select BUILD MODE
desired, program initial tempo—see paragraph 7-8.)
ENTER
PATTERN //
INC
17
ENTER
32
ENTER
17
ENTER
(To check the steps, you can use INC/DEC.)
To exit:
SONG #
45 (song)
If only the first digit of a pattern number has been entered, pressing
the song unchanged and the function wll return to SONG #.
CM400A 11/83
7_2
ENTER will leave
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-4 Inserting Steps
Suppose you now have the following song, //45
Step
00
01
02
03
Entry
32
17
32
17
END
And you want to insert a short "fill" pattern, #66, in the middle to create an ABCAB
form.
00
01
02
03
04
05
32
17
66
32
17
E
^M
Displ
Song Function
LEDS
Left
SONG #
00 (song)
or use INC/DEC.
SONG #
45 (song)
Select BUILD MODE
BUILD MODE
45
ENTER
BUILD MODE/
PATTERN //
00 (step)
32 (current entry)
INC
It
01 (step)
17 (current entry)
INC
II
02
32
Select INSERT
BUILD MODE/
02
32
02
(bJ
02
66
32
EXAMPLE
Select Song #
Press two-digit song number,
(using SELECT SONG FUNCTIONS)
INSERT
Press ENTER
BUILD MODE/
PATTERN #
(Inserts new step 2
and renumbers steps.)
66
ENTER
It
03
ENTER
SONG //
45 (song)
Right
(If a step is inserted, but no value entered, the empty step will be ignored during
playback.)
CM400A 11/83
7-3
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-5 Deleting Steps
Suppose you now have the following song, #45
Stej
00
01
02
03
04
05
Entn
32
17
66
32
17
E
And you want to take pattern #66 out.
00
01
02
03
04
32
17
32
17
END
Song Function
LEDS
Left
Select Song #
SONG #
00 (song)
Press two-digit song number,
or use INC/DEC.
SONG #
45 (song)
Select BUILD MODE
BUILD MODE
45
ENTER
BUILD MODE/
PATTERN #
00 (step)
32 (current entry)
01 (step)
17 (current entry)
EXAMPLE
INC
Displays
Right
INC
"
02
66
Select DELETE.
(using SELECT SONG FUNCTIONS)
BUILD MODE/
DELETE
02
66
Press ENTER.
"BUILD MODE/ 02
32
(Deletes step.)
CM400A 11/83
PATTERN #
7-4
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-6 Extending a Song
Suppose you have the following song, //45:
02
Entry
32
17
32
03
04
END
Step
00
01
17
And you want to add an ending to it, to produce:
00
01
02
03
04
05
32
17
32
17
24
END
EXAMPLE
Displays
Song Function
Right
LEDS
Left
SONG //
00 (song)
or use INC/DEC.
SONG #
45 (song)
Select BUILD MODE
BUILD MODE
45
ENTER
BUILD MODE/
00 (step)
32 (current entry)
INC
01
17
INC
02
32
INC
03
17
INC
04
E
24
04
24
ENTER
05
E
Select Song #
Press two-digit song number,
ENTER
PATTERN //
SONG//
45 (song)
Note: If a song is extended with an empty pattern (such as pattern 99), the song will
stop after one play, rather than loop.
CM400A 11/83
7-5
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-7 Volume Change
As controlled by PER INSTRUMENT VOLUME, each instrument has sixteen volume
voinmlcTn+k
* l°ium* n^"8* u Pr,°Srarnmed into a song, all of the instrument
volurnes in the pattern following the change are decreased or increased by the number
of volume steps in the change step.
For example, suppose you have the following song, #45:
03
Entry
32
17
32
17
04
24
05
END
00
01
02
03
04
32
00
01
02
and
The
05
06
17
Uj (The "U" actually signifies a "V" for volume change.)
17
U
24
END
which is done as follows:
(see example on next page)
CM400A 11/83
7-6
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-7 Volume Change, cont'd
LEDS
D isplays
Left
Select Song //
SONG //
00 (song)
Press two-digit song number,
or use INC/DEC.
SONG //
45 (song)
Select BUILD MODE
BUILD MODE
ENTER
BUILD MODE/
EXAMPLE
Song Function
Right
00 (step)
32 (cur
PATTERN #
INC
It
01
17
INC
It
02
32
BUILD/MODE/
02
32
(blank)
Select INSERT
INSERT
ENTER
BUILD MODE/
PATTERN //
02
Select VOL CHANGE
BUILD MODE/
IP
VOL CHANGE
U'1
00
INC
tt
U"1
01
DEC
it
U"1
00
DEC
it
u_,
01
DEC
it
02
ENTER
BIITLn MODE/
ENTER
SONG #
32
03
PATTERN //
(song)
Volume range for each instrument is limited to the values 0 through 15. In other words
you canft add two 10-level volume changes to get a volume change of 20.
Volume changes are always effective. That is, if the song ends with an overall
decrease in volume, each loop will get quieter. Conversely, each loop will get louder
(to the maximum value of 15 for each instrument) if it has an overall increase. To
defeat this feature, add a compensating volume change (in the opposite direction) at
the end of the song.
CM*00A 11/83
7-7
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-8 Initial Tempo
Select SONG #.
SELECT
SONG
FUNCTIONS
4r SONG#
Select desired song.
n n
u u
Select BUILD MODE.
SELECT
SONG
FUNCTIONS
• SONG#
• ERASE
SONG
• COPY/APPEND TO
• BUILO MOOE
Press ENTER.
ENTER
Select TEMPO CHANGE.
X2
SELECT
SONG
• BUILO
A .TEMPO of 000 will be displayed.
This signifies that there is no initial
FUNCTIONS
MOOE
I
#
PATTERN*
I
^ TEMPO CHANGE
#
VOL
CHANGE
tempo.
r
I
Use SLOWER or FASTER to select
desired initial tempo.
n
n n
U
u u
TEMPO
OR
SLOWER
13
To clear initial tempo, press 0 on the
keypad.
SELECTED INITIAL TEMPO
Press ENTER.
X2
To exit BUILD MODE, press ENTER
again.
Note: Song step 00 cannot be a tempo
change.
CM400A 11/83
FASTER
7-8
ENTER
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-9 Relative Tempo Change
Tempo changes which are relative to the starting tempo of the song can be
programmed. The resulting tempo will be selected from the possible tempo values:
40
50
60
41
51
61
42
52
70
80
71
SI
91
72
82
92
102
100
62
111
43
53
63
73
83
54
45
55
64
65
74
75
44
84
103
95
105
113
115
94
57
67
77
87
97
107
48
58
68
49
59
78
79
89
109
118
128
139
146
143
158
154
150
69
98
136
133
130
76
86
47
125
122
120
46
56
66
167
162
176
171
187
182
193
207
200
214
222
231
240
250
TEMPO CHANGE steps are in the form, e.g., "up 9" or "down 12," meaning
accelerating nine or decelerating twelve tempo values, respectively. For example if
the song is at 105 bpm and is increased by nine tempo steps, the new tempo will be 125
bpm. Likewise, the step, down twelve, would change from 105 to 86 bpm. If the initial
song tempo were changed to 94, the same tempo change steps would produce tempos
of 109 and 78, respectively.
1%
To produce a four-level acceleration for the closing pattern:
00
32
01
17
02
Uj
03
32
CM400A
04
17
05
T~l
06
24
07
END
11/83
(see next page)
7-9
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-9 Relative Tempo Change, cont'd
EXAMPLE
Song Function
Displays
LEDS
Left
SONG #
00 (song)
or use INC/DEC.
SONG #
45 (song)
Select BUILD MODE
BUILD MODE
45
BUILD MODE/
00 1[step)
32 (current entry)
I'!
Select Song //
Right
Press two-digit song number,
ENTER
PATTERN #
INC
,11
01
17
INC
II
02
-2
INC
II
03
32
INC
II
04
17
05
24
BUILD/MODE/
05
24
ENTER
BUILD MODE/
PATTERN //
05
(blank)
Select TEMPO CHANGE
BUILD MODE/ j~]
TEMPO CHANGE
r
4.
INC
Select INSERT
INSERT
INC (x4)
n
T~>
04
24
ENTER
BUILD MODE/
PATTERN //
06
ENTER
SONG #
45 (song)
Note also that since the maximum range of one tempo change
sz&S'szr1"chanses than tws sta*
00
^
/- fifteen
After the first loop, the song ignores its initial tempo. Tempo changes are alwavs
CM400A 11/83
7-10
7 ADVANCED SONG FUNCTIONS
7-10 Ending Songs and Exiting Build Mode
As you build or edit songs, the ending step is automatically inserted following the last
pattern selection, tempo or volume change.
To exit build mode select (BUILD MODE) PATTERN //.
With no values pending, hit ENTER. (A value is pending when two digits have been
entered for a pattern //.)
CM400A 11/83
7-11
8 CASSETTE
8-1 Connection
Note: The instruments cannot be played during cassette operations.
CASSETTE DECK
DRUMTRAKS
MIC. LINE IN
CA8SOUT
EAR. LIME OUT
CASS/CLK IN
i\
AC SUPPLY
Figure 8-1
CASSETTE DECK CONNECTION
Connect a cassette recorder to the system.
CASS/CLK OUT goes to recorder input.
CASS/CLK IN comes from recorder output.
CMWOA 11/83
8-1
in:
S CASSETTE
8-2 Save
Note:
Check
that
connected correctly.
cassette
deck
is
To save memory on cassette:
Insert cassette into recorder and
rewind to start of tape (or to tape
REWIND
counter position you are using).
Select SONG #, using SELECT SONG
SELECT
FUNCTIONS.
SONG
FUNCTIONS
+ SONG#
Put deck into record mode and wait a
moment (for tape leader to pass and
RECORD (TAPE)
for the tape to stabilize.)
CASSETTE
Press CASSETTE SAVE.
I.I '''
SAVE
Use the pilot tone which appears, to
adjust deck's record level to 0 dB, or
slightly into the red.
When recording is done, CASSETTE
LOAD will blink. This is a signal to
begin verification.
CASSETTE
(blinking)
The time required for saving varies
LOAD
according to the amount of memory
actually used:
Memory Remaining Time Required
99%
1/2 minute
VERIFY
1-1/2 minutes
2-1/2 minutes
(To display %
Memory
(SEE NEXT PAGE)
Remaining,
hold both INC and DEC, and read Left
display-)
CM400A
11/83
8-2
8 CASSETTE
8-3 Verify
Rewind to start of tape (or to tape
counter position you are using).
REWIND
m
Check playback level.
10
Put deck into play mode and wait a
RECORDER
PLAYBACK VOLUME
moment (for tape leader to pass and
for the tape to stabilize.)
► PLAY
CASSETTE
Press CASSETTE LOAD. The LED will
stay lit during verification.
When verification is done, CASSETTE
LOAD will go off. This signals the
tape has been verified. You can
remove it from the deck.
LOAD
O
OK
LOAD
If instead of going off LOAD blinks,
this means a tape save error has
occured.
* (BLINKING)
As with saving, the time required for
verify depends on the amount of
re
memory actually used.
CM400A 11/83
ERROR
(SEE NEXT PAGE)
LOAO
8-3
S CASSETTE
8-4 Save Error
Note: Ignore this paragraph unless a
cassette fails to verify.
Check that deck is properly connected
to CASS/CLK IN and OUT jacks.
CHECK CABLES
(SEE PAGE 8-1)
Save errors are usually caused by
incorrect record or playback levels
with the deck. Rule-of-thumb for
portable recorders is 75% of maximum
output level. Optimum level can only
be discovered by trial and error.
0
PLAYBACK VOLUME
After readjusting playback level, try
VERIFY
verification again.
*
(SEE PAGE 8-3)
If there is still an error, try adjusting
the playback level in the other
direction and try verification again.
:*■
0
10
RECORDER
PLAYBACK VOLUME
If there is still an error, maybe it was
the record level. Readjust and try re-
VERIFY
recording.
RE-RECORD
(SEE PAGE 8-2)
If there is still an error, the tape itself
could be bad, or the deck have
excessive wow or flutter. Try a new
cassette or another deck.
If trouble persists, contact your
dealer, who will be able to isolate the
problem.
CM400A 11/83
10
RECORDER
8-*
S CASSETTE
8-5 Load
To load memory from cassette:
Insert
cassette
into
recorder
and
rewind to start of tape (or to tape
counter position you are using).
REWIND
.Select SONG #.
SELECT
SONG
FUNCTIONS
PLAY
Put deck into play mode.
Check playback level.
o
10
RECORDER
PLAYBACK VOLUME
CASSETTE
Press CASSETTE LOAD. The LED will
stay lit while loading.
LOAO
When loading is done,
CASSETTE
LOAD will go off. This signals the
tape
has
correctly
loaded.
The
Drumtraks is now reprogrammed.
OK
LOAO
(BLINKING)
If instead of going off, CASSETTE
LOAD blinks, this means a load error
ERROR
has occured.
load
As with saving and verify, loading
time depends on the amount of
memory loaded.
CM400A 11/83
8-5
(SEE NEXT PAQE)
8 CASSETTE
X-6 Load Error
Note: Ignore this paragraph unless a
cassette fails to load.
If the cassette was verified with the
deck now in use, the load error can
only be caused by the playback level
or cable.
CHECK CABLES
(SEE PAGE 8-1)
Check that the deck is properly
connected to the CASS/CLK IN jack.
After readjusting playback level, try
o
loading again.
10
RECORDER
PLAYBACK VOLUME
If there is still an error, try adjusting
the playback level in the other
direction and try loading again.
LOAD
(SEE PREVIOUS PAQE)
If there is still an error, the tape itself
could have been damaged, or the deck
o
is too fast or slow, or has excessive
wow or
flutter.
Try loading another
cassette or using another deck.
If
trouble persists,
contact your
dealer, who will be able to isolate the
problem.
CM400A
11/83
10
RECORDER
PLAYBACK VOLUME
8-6
9 USING CHANNEL OUTPUTS
If you have become familiar with the PER INSTRUMENT VOLUME control, you are
aware that the Drumtraks has its own level-mixing facilities. But the internal mixer
does not have pan facilities. In normal use all six audio channels plus the metronome
are summed into a monophonic signal at the AUDIO OUT jack.
For maximum flexibility the output of each audio channel and the metronome are
available through separate back-panel jacks. This allows you to create the desired
stereo image with an external mixer. The mixer output can be used live or to drive a
pair of tape tracks.
The channel outputs are still controlled by the PER INSTRUMENT VOLUME knob. For
maximum signal-to-noise ratio, instrument volumes should be as high as possible. If
using an external mixer you may want to set or program all instrument volumes to
maximum level. The external mixer will also be handy to induce non-programmed
increases and decreases in volume. Equalization can be used to slightly or radically
alter the instrument tone. If available, effects devices such as chorus or delay can be
inserted into any Drumtraks channel or applied to the mixer outputs. For example, the
normal brief decay of most of the instruments can be synthetically lengthened with a
regenerative delay line. Delay lines can also be used for synchro-sonic effects, in
which precisely-timed echoes are rhythmically intermingled with the original material.
While recording, the metronome appears through AUDIO OUT, but not at the
METRONOME OUT jack. During playback, the metronome does not appear through
AUDIO OUT but does appear at METRONOME OUT. As the metronome is dc-coupled,
lt may actually be heard as a "double-click," which should not be used for a click
track. (For an ac-coupled clock signal, see paragraph 10-2.) When multi-tracking, the
metronome beat may be redundant or unnecessary when percussion is present (on other
tracks), but may be extremely useful when the percussion is highly syncopated, is less
dense, or is "sitting out" for a few measures.
The metronome signal is a very wide pulse that can be used to clock triggered
sequencers (such as SCPs Pro-One, or the Prophet-600 Arpeggiator—which can be
advanced through its footswitch jack). Since the metronome appears on the beat note
of the time signature, in 4/4 the sequencer or arpeggiator could play quarter notesBut finer resolution can be obtained by adjusting the time signature and tempo. For
example, to get an eighth-note clock you could use a time signature of 8/8 (or, for
even higher resolution, 16/16 or 32/32.)
CM*00A 11/83
9-1
10 CLOCK IN/OUT
10-1 Clock In
While MIDI is preferred for syncing instruments, MIDI cannot interface to many earlier
sequencers, nor can it be recorded on audio tape. Clock (CLK) sync from sequencer or
tape is handy because it allows the Drumtraks to follow sequencer or tape speed
changes.
REC
CASS OUT
PLAY
CASS IN
TAPE DECK
DRUMTRAKS
Figure 10-1
DRUMTRAKS/TAPE TRACK CLOCK CONNECTION
During playback the Drumtraks normally refers to its internal clock. This is the clock
that is adjusted with the TEMPO switches. To switch the clock mode to synchronize
playback to the pulses received at the CLK IN jack, follow the steps below. When the
sequencer or tape track is played back, it will start the current pattern. Getting the
pulses on to the tape track is discussed on the next page.
r
TEMPO
1. Hold both TEMPO switches.
ENTER
2. Press ENTER.
SLOWER
FASTER
3. The rightmost decimal point of the
Right display will light to indicate
external clock mode is set to 24 pulses
s
' per quarter note.
O
O.
4. To change the external clock value,
press DEC. The decimal point will
move left once to indicate 48 pulses.
a8
5. Press DEC again to select 96 pulses.
The Left decimal point will light. (To
select
MIDI clock,
press
DEC
once
more.)
6. To switch back to internal clock
mode, repeat steps j_ and
decimal point will go off.)
2.
8 8
(The
96
Note; During record,
clock is always ignored.
CM400A 11/83
any
external
10-1
m
10 CLOCK IN/OUT
10-2 Clock Out
CLOCK OUT
CLOCK IN
MIDI IN
MIDI OUT
MIDI OUT
MIDI IN
DRUMTRAKS
MODEL 64
SEQUENCER
SYNTHESIZER
Figure 10-2
DRUMTRAKS/SEQUENCER CLOCK CONNECTION
^mJ.^?
Sh°Wn abO^',th5 Drumtraks clock synchronizes the synthesizer through
the Model 64 sequencer. Only during Drumtraks playback, a 2k- or 48-PPON svnc clock
appears at the CASSETTE and CLOCK OUT jacks. This synchronizationsignaT caToe
;■#■■
sent to sequencers or synthesizers which contain sequencers, or to a tape track.
To select a 48 PPQN clock output,
hold ENTER and press "2." This signal
ENTER
will be a 20 usec pulse.
(HOLD IT)
□
To switch back to 2* PPQN square
wave, hold ENTER and press "1."
CM400A 11/83
48 PPQN OUT
ENTER
(HOLD IT)
10-2
□
24 PPQN OUT
10 CLOCK IN/OUT
10-3 Sequencer Interface
Typically you might use the Drumtraks clock out with a sequencer as follows:
First create the percussion song on the Drumtraks.
The clock out rate will be 24 PPQN unless you change it.
Check that the CLOCK OUT is correctly cabled correctly to the sequencer clock
input.
(The
signals
from
characteristics.
CASSETTE
and
CLOCK
OUT
differ
only
in
their
drive
CLOCK OUT is dc-coupled—so preferred for interfacing sequencers,
while CASSETTE OUT is ac-coupled, thus preferred for sync-to-tape (but can be used
to clock some high-impedance sequencer inputs).
Check that the sequencer clock input rate is switched to match the Drumtraks (usually
24 PPQN).
Put the sequencer into record mode, but don't start it.
Start the Drumtraks with the footswitch. CLOCK OUT will start. The sequencer will
start recording.
*
Play accompaniment on the synthesizer.
After drum part ends, switch off sequencer recording with sequencer footswitch.
Put sequencer in play mode (and again, don't start it).
Restart Drumtraks song with footswitch.
Sequencer will playback in sync. If desired, adjust tempo.
CM400A 11/83
10-3
10 CLOCK IN/OUT
Tape Sync Interface
"channel outputs on to
be synchronized to the tape program bvJSnJ
?rumtraks playback can
part on tape leaves you ?tke fSity to S
Drumtraks itself. But also, if it bece J
this will not affect the tuning of SS^
^?^^
** drUm
hlle lt ls sti11 in the
*" ^ playback
Basic guidelines for using the Drumtraks with a multi-track tape recorder are:
First create the percussion song on the Drumtraks.
Check that CASSETTE OUT is correctly cabled to the one tape track input.
Check that CASSETTE/CLK in is driven by the tape track output.
-
The clock out rate will be 2k PPQN unless you change it.
Check that the input clock rate is switched to match.
Set up other tape track(s) to record instruments.
' Check that the sync track monitor signal is turned
Start the Drumtraks with the footswitch. CLOCK OUT will start.
Perform instrumental track(s).
After drum part ends, switch off tape record mode and rewind.
Turn up sync track playback. Play tape tracks r». <. ,
receives the clock.
Y P traCks' Dru™traks will play in sync when it
ir!d'adjUSt tape sPeed' Drumtraks will remain in «vn,
edmng is complete, record the Drumlraks
Drumlraks ou'tpu?
ou'tpu? Ta
Ta track.
If desired, the sync track could then be used to playback
CMWOA 11/83
10-4
a second Drumtraks song.
11 USING MIDI
Note: This section covers MIDI operation. For MIDI programming information see
Section 16, MIDI IMPLEMENTATION.
11-1 Connection
Connect MIDI cable from MIDI IN to sequencer or synthesizer's MIDI OUT.
MIDI
MIDI
OUT
IN
PROPHET -T8
DRUMTRAKS
MIDI
OUT
MIDI
IN
I
Figure 11-1
SYNTHESIZER INTERFACE
11-2 External Instrument Control
When power is switched on, an external (synthesizer) keyboard will key the Drumtraks
instruments, as follows:
44
42
37
39
RIM
CLAPS
.
CLOSED CLOSED
HI HAT
BASS
BASS
SNARE
SNARE
35
36
38
40
TOM 1
HI HAT
TOM 1
46
49
51
54
56
58
OPEN
CRASH
RIDE
TAMB
COW
BELL
CABASA
HI HAT
TOM 2
Si««*
TOM 2
47
48
50
52
53
55
57
59
60
Figure 11-2
MIDI KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS
Duplicate keys are provided for creating fast, realistic rolls-something that is
impossible with the Drumtraks instrument keys alone.
i
When a velocity-sensitive synthesizer (such as SCI's Prophet-T8) is connected, its
keyboard can be used to control the instrument volumes over the range covered by the
PER
INSTRUMENT
VOLUME
control.
(In
overdubbed.)
CMWOA 11/83
11-1
other
words,
accents can
still be
1 ?.
11 USING MIDI
11-3 Using Two Drumtraks
To explain how the Drumtraks MIDI functions in thk
of two 400s interconnected with MIDI
'
MASTER
SLAVE
MIDI OUT
MIDI IN
MIDI IN
Figure 11-3
*00 DUAL CONTROL
paragraph we'll take the example
MIDI OUT
DRUMTRAKS
DRUMTRAKS
The "master., is the primary Drumtraks from which the controi sections are made.
Assuming power has just been turned on:
Key Events
by"" "
«•« «*- you specifics
Hold ENTER, press 4.
To switch off key event transmission:
Hold ENTER, press 5.
Song Select
Run/Stop
K*. slave is in song mode, when a pattern or song is started on the master, the slave
sS^^
it automatically switches from
When the master stops or is stopped, the slave will stop.
(When the slave is stopped, it ignores MIDI clock inputs.)
CMWOA 11/83
11-2
any other
11 USING MIDI
Program Dump
A Drumtraks program is the set of all pattern and song data. There is an operation
which is used to transfer programs between Drumtraks units.
To load a pattern from the master to the slave, on the slave:
Hold ENTER, press 3.
This causes the slave to send a program dump request to the master. The master will
respond by sending the entire contents of its memory to the slave (erasing the slave's
former program).
11-* Use with Sequencer
The Drumtraks can be connected to the Model 610 Six-Trak, so multi-timbre sequences
record, overdub, and playback with the Drumtraks in synchronization.
The SCI Model 64 contains one set of MIDI connectors for use with a MIDI synthesizer.
Rather than with MIDI, the Drumtraks interfaces to the Model 64 by way of the 24- or
48-PPQN clock interface. Since the Drumtraks contains its own extensive memory and
editing facilities, the MIDI sequencer is not needed.
However, super-sequencers will inevitably appear that will link all MIDI instruments
into one programmable system. In addition to the MIDI functions discussed above, the
following applies to operation in future MIDI syterns:
Mode
When power is switched on, the Drumtraks is set to Omni On mode. In this mode, it
will ignore any channel designations, playing all received key events in the range of
keyboard numbers to which it is sensitive (see Figure 11-2 for key numbers).
If the master sequencer sends an Omni Mode Off command to the Drumtraks, the
Drumtraks will then listen for key events only on the MIDI channel to which it is set.
Channel
When it leaves the factory, the Drumtraks basic channel is set to Channel 15.
To display the channel number:
Hold both ENTER and 0.
To change the channel number:
While holding ENTER and 0, select channel (1-16) with INC/DEC.
If the channel number is changed it will remain changed even if power is switched off.
MIDI Clock
When a slave Drumtraks receives a start command over MIDI, it automatically
switches itself to receives MIDI clocks. This switching can also be done manually:
Hold both TEMPO switches.
Press ENTER.
Press DEC three times, to move the decimal point all the way Left.
To switch back to internal clock mode, press ENTER again. (The decimal point
will go off.)
CM400A 11/83
11-3
12 DISPLAY SUMMARY
While operating the Drumtraks you will see several kinds of messages in the Left
and Right displays. The message type is determined by the current mode of
operation, which is indicated by one of the FUNCTION LEDs.
The various display formats are summarized below. For more information please
refer to the appropriate paragraph in this manual.
PATTERN MODE
PATTERN //
This display appears when power is
switched on. Note that PATTERN // is
on. It means that you are in PATTERN
n n
u u
# mode and the first pattern (//00) is
selected. Pattern numbers are always
displayed on the Right.
ERASE INSTRUMENT
The
display
looks
likes
this
when
ERASE INSTRUMENT is on. It means
that pressing any instrument key will
erase
that
instrument
from
the
pattern. (When erasing an entire
pattern,
this
message
does
not
appear.)
ERROR CORRECT
When ERROR CORRECT is on, the
display looks like this. The Right
display shows the note value selected
for error correction.
ERROR CORRECT
SYMBOL
VALUE
SWING %
When SWING % is on, the display looks
like this. The Right display shows that
the current swing value is 50%. To
select other values, use INC/DEC
SWING %
I
CM*00A 12/83
12-1
12 DISPLAY SUMMARY
TIME SIGNATURE
When TIME SIGNATURE is on, the
display looks like this. This example
shows that the current time signature
is 4/4
// OF MEASURES
When // OF MEASURES is on, the
display looks like this. In this example,
the pattern length is one measure.
Patterns can be up to 99 measures
long.
SONG MODE
SONG //
When SONG // is on, the display looks
like this. In this example, song 00 is
selected.
BUILD MODE
The following displays are only seen
when BUILD MODE (under SELECT
SONG FUNCTION) is on.
Empty Song
A display such as this indicates the
first step of the selected song is an
"Ending." (Both BUILD MODE and
n n
u u
PATTERN # are on.)
c
c
1st STEP
END SYMBOL
n n
u u
o c
Built Song
If the song has been built, the Left
display shows that you are looking at
the first step of the song. The Right
display shows that this step is pattern
#35.
(Both
BUILD
PATTERN # are on.)
CM400A 12/83
MODE
and
1st STEP
12-2
PATTERN +
12 DISPLAY SUMMARY
Song Ending
In this example, the display shows that
the
fifth
step
of
the
"Ending." (Both BUILD
PATTERN # are on.)
song
is
MODE
0 4
the
and
c
c
5th STEP
(REMEMBER. 00 IS THE
END SYMBOL
1st STEP LOCATION)
Tempo Change Step
In this example a TEMPO CHANGE is
shown at the second step of the song.
The
TEMPO
CHANGE
symbol
is
displayed on the Right at every step
where a tempo change is programmed.
n
U
i
1
I
2nd STEP
Both1 BUILD MODE and PATTERN #
TEMPO CHANGE
SYMBOL
are on. The direction and amount of
the change is only shown when TEMPO
CHANGE is on (see below).
Volume Change Step
In this example a VOLUME CHANGE
is shown at the third step of the song.
The VOLUME CHANGE symbol is on
the Right at every step where a
volume change is programmed. Both
BUILD MODE and PATTERN // are on.
The direction and amount of the
change is only shown when VOLUME
VOLUME
STEP *
SYMBOL
CHANGE is on (see below).
Tempo Change Direction and Value
When
BUILD
MODE
and
TEMPO
CHANGE
are
on,
the
TEMPO
CHANGE symbol is moved to the Left
n
U D
i
display, which also includes an "arrow"
pointing up or down for the direction
(OR)
tempo values.
r _,
TEMPO
DECREASE
SYMBOL
CM400A 12/83
RELATIVE
AMOUNT
TEMPO
INCREASE
SYMBOL
of the change. The Right display will
show the amount of the change in
3
12-3
n
~t
u D
RELATIVE
AMOUNT
12 DISPLAY SUMMARY
are
on»
the
\JL*UwlC,
VOLUME
ANGE symbol is moved to the left
display, which also includes an "arrow"
point up or down for the direction™
Ih ^ge' The Ri8ht d^play will
show the amount of the change in
volume values.
VOLUME
RELATIVE
INCREASE
SYMBOL
AMOUNT
(OR)
RELATIVE
AMOUNT
Tempo Display
S!S,niisplay aPPears when both the
TEMPO SLOWER
switches are held.
and
FASTER
™5TER
TEMPO
SYMBOL
W.
BEATS PER
MINUTE
(RANGES FROM 40-260
BEATS PER MINUTE)
CM400A 12/83
12-4
13 HIDDEN FUNCTIONS
In addition to normal control operations, certain lesser-used options are available
by using the controls in other than normal ways. Some of the hidden functions have
already been discussed. This section gathers them all together:
Memory Remaining
Hold INC/DEC simultaneously.
Read % remaining in left display.
Clear All Memory
Hold 7, 8, 9, INC, and DEC simultaneously.
Playback Clock Input
Hold both TEMPO switches.
Press ENTER.
To select clock, use INC/DEC:
Display decimal points:
MIDI
96
24
Playback Clock Output
If there is an external clock input, clock output is disabled.
Hold ENTER.
For 24 PPQN square wave, press 1.
For 48 PPQN (20 microsecond), press 2.
Program Dump Request
Do the following to send a MIDI program dump request. If a MIDI device recognizes
the request, it will dump a program (a set of patterns and songs) to the 400.
Hold ENTER.
Press 3.
MIDI Channel Select
Hold ENTER.
Press 0.
Read current channel number in display.
To select new channel (1-16), while holding ENTER and 0, use INC/DEC.
Enable Pads Out MIDI
Hold ENTER.
Press 4,
Disable Pads Out MIDI
Hold ENTER.
Press 5
Clock Test
For service only. ENTER + 8 connects CLOCK IN to CLOCK OUT. Halts if bad.
MIDI Test
For service only. ENTER + 7 connects MIDI IN to MIDI OUT. Halts if bad.
CM400A 12/83
13-1
14 DETAILS
Accent In conjunction with an instrument key, the ACCENT switch is of course used to
emphasize a part. While emphasis can also be programmed using PER INSTRUMENT
VOLUME, this uses much more memory than does the ACCENT switch.
Append To create a new pattern by adding one pattern to the end of another.
Copy To record an existing pattern or song under a second number.
Pattern copying can be a very handy tool. For example, you can have a set of basic
patterns which can be copied to form the basis of more varied overdubs. As opposed to
making a song of twelve identical patterns, you can easily generate twelve variations
of one basic pattern.
CLK IN/OUT A pre-MIDI interface system for sequencers and rhythm units. The
Drumtraks has a switchable 24, 48, or 96 pulse per-quarter-note (PPQN) input and a 24
or 48 PPQN output (see paragraph 10-1). Other units may (or may not) operate from 16
to 96 clocks per quarter note.
CLOCK OUT is used to interface with the Model 64 Sequencer, as shown in Figure
10-2.
Erase tostrument A feature which can be used to delete all or part of an instrument
from a pattern (regardless of tuning). To erase selectively, hit the instrument key on
(or just slightly before) the undesired note. To completely erase an instrument, hold its
key throughout the pattern loop.
In RECORD MODE, this feature can be used to "thin out" a pattern which is being
recorded (on tape). (If tape recording from AUDIO OUT with the Drumtraks in
RECORD MODE, you would probably turn METRONOME VOLUME all the way down.)
Error Correct This feature allows you to create perfectly-timed patterns. Error
correct ranges from 1/2 to 1/96, in ten values: 1/2, 1/4, 1/6 (quarter triplet), 1/8, 1/12
(eighth triplet), 1/16, 1/24 (sixteenth triplet), 1/32, 1/48, 1/96.
For example, error correct is set by default to 1/16. This means that as you record or
overdub parts, the Drumtraks will only allow notes to fall exactly on sixteenth-note
beats.
With a value of 1/2, all "real-time" parts would be corrected to one of two places in
the (4/4) measure. At the other extreme, a value of 1/96 would provide 96 recording
points in the measure, which is virtually the same as "real-time." INC raises value,
DEC lowers it.
While editing or overdubbing it is often useful to adjust the error-correct value to the
way the instrument is used. For example, usually one overdubs percussion parts from
CM400A U/83
14-1
I
*
15 Bacn repetition of a patter. Overfed
-ect on previous,™,
parts are heard recorded in the
ne*t
-dard for interfacing
to ob,ain precise
Overdub Editing . pattern by addjng
4
«" *. modified, copied, and
#" iS
The following pattern attributes are records •
number of measures
swing value
accented or not
which instrument
instrument volume
instrument pitch
pattern ending
Real-Time Actual playback or recording tempo.
P
CM^OOA 11/83
it wi,, cause tne current
worded m non-volatile memory:
instrument notes
time the note occurs
14-2
linked
Song A set of steps which perform pattern, tempo, or volume changes.
For use as stop function, song //99 is always blank. Cueing it will cause the current
song to stop at the exact end of its last pattern.
The following song attributes are recorded in non-volatile memory:
initial tempo, if any
step type and value, can be:
pattern number
relative volume change
relative tempo change
empty
end
Step An instruction which builds a song. A song can have up to 100 steps.
Swing Swing is a playback function only. However, the swing value is recorded with the
pattern so that each time the pattern is selected, it will always play with the
previously-selected swing value.
On playback of patterns with a beat value of a quarter note (3/4, 4/4, 5/4, etc.), by
varying the swing value you can change the syncopation of the eighth notes.
represents a change in emphasis off of the precise eighth-note beat.
Swing
The Drumtraks swing value is set by default to 50%, This means that the two eighth
notes which make a quarter note have equal time. In other words they play exactly as
written. Swing can be adjusted to 54, 58, 62, 66, or 70%. By changing the swing value,
for example, to 66%, the first eighth note would be lengthened from 1/2 to 2/3 of a
quarter note and the second would be shortened from 1/2 to 1/3 of the same duration.
In a song, selecting patterns with different swing values helps break up the monotony
of perfect rhythm. (In this way it is the opposite of Error Correct.) Note that in a
song, to change the swing of a pattern, you would actually first copy the pattern,
change the swing of the copy, then in the song, select the original pattern then the
copy.
Tempo Number of beats-per-minute (bpm). The Drumtraks ranges 40-250, with the
values shown in the chart on page 7-9.
The maximum value for a single tempo change step is plus or minus 15. Therefore for
tempo changes greater than this, simply put two or more successive tempo change
steps into the song.
Although usually irrelevant to most drum machine work, it is sometimes handy to have
at hand the classical names for tempo ranges:
Largo
40-60
Larghetto
Adagio
Andante
60-66
66-76
76-108
Moderato
108-120
Allegro
120-168
168-200
200-208
Presto
Prestissimo
CM400A
11/83
14-3
i
when the,pattern is erased. Vou
signature „ .^pattern bei
°' V0'Ume "ntrol- ™» "» » -Plain how each o, these
loudness,..
2
final volume units.
ch
a
<*/-16) is equivalent to
of per instru^nt
I-input notes to be accented.
units each- This allows
MASTER VOLUME is a passive, analog control, covering the full range.
1!
f I
-1,
{
FINAL
VOLUME
UNITS
I
CHANGE
ll;
CMWOA 11/83
15 SPECIFICATIONS
General description
Fully programmable.
Non-volatile digital sequencer.
Thirteen actual percussion sounds stored in ROM.
Individual instrument volume and tuning controls.
Maximum capacity of 3289 notes.
Two basic modes: pattern and song. Patterns are chained together to form songs.
Cassette interface for non-volatile memory storage.
Clock interface (Input: 24, 48, or 96 PPQN. Output: 24 op 48 PPQN) for
synchronization to sequencers, synthesizers, tape, or other drum machines
MIDI for external triggering, synchronziation, and song selection.
Dual footswitch control.
Instruments
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 3
Bass
Snare
Rim
Tom 1
Channel 4
Tom 2
Crash Cymbal
Channel 5
Channel 6
Ride Cymbal
Closed Hi-Hat
Open Hi-Hat
Claps
Tambourine
Cowbell
Cabasa
Each instrument has its own performance key.
Instrument levels are accentable and individually programmable.
Instruments are mixed monophonically to the AUDIO OUT jack.
Only one instrument in each channel can be played simultaneously.
Each channel has a separate output jack.
Pattern functions
Real-time recording and overdubbing of instrument keys or MIDI input.
Programmable instrument mix.
Progammable instrument tuning.
Programmable accent.
Six "feels": 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70 %
Progammable swing
Programmable time signature:
1-99, infinitely variable
Beats-per-measure
Beat notes
1/2, 1/4, 1/6 (quarter triplet), 1/8,
1/12 (eighth triplet), 1/16, 1/2* (sixteenth
triplet), 1/32
Error-Correct:
1/2, 1/*, 1/6, 1/8, 1/12, 1/16, 1/24, 1/32,
1/48, 1/96
Maximum number of patterns:
Maximum length:
99
100 measures
CM400A 11/83
15-1
15 SPECIFICATIONS
Pattern
ern
Funrti,^ cont
cont,d
Metronome/click track:
Plays on beat note of
signature
Downbeat indication:
Erase
Copy
or entire part.
Append
Ending:
A pattern can be copied to itself.
Loop, or auto-start new pattern
Run/Stop footswitch:
Controls playback
Cues next pattern
Next/Repeat footswitch:
Song functions
Programmable initial tempo:
£0-250 beats per minute
• nn
Maximum number of songs:
Maximum number of song steos-
Programmable relative tempo change
Programmable volume change.
Downbeat indication:
°
**'
RUN/STOP blinks on first beat of pattern
Erase song
Copy
Append
Insert:
Delete:
Ill
Run/Stop footswitch:
Next/Repeat footswitch:
D
Kepeats current pattern
Inputs
All jacks (except MIDI) are 1/4-inch phone, tip.
tip-sleeve.
CASS/CLK
Clock polarity
Sensitivity
Rising edge.
1.5V
RUN/STOP FTSW
I:
NEXT/REPEAT FTSW
Duplicates
MIDI
(
CM400A 11/83
15-2
15 SPECIFICATIONS
Outputs
1/4-inch phone, tip-ring-sleeve. Can drive
stereo headphones with mono signal.
IK, dc-coupled
AUDIO
MIDI
V*'
5-pin DIN
The following jacks are 1/4-inch phone, tip-sleeve.
CH 1 -6
Individual outputs for each channel.
IK, ac-coupled with 10 uF
MET
dc-coupled. Ouput during playback only. Used
as programmable low-speed clock.
CASSETTE
ac-coupled. For cassette saving or sync-to
Clock rate
Clock amplitude
CLOCK
Clock rate
Clock amplitude
tape. Output during playback only.
24 PPQN square wave, or 48 PPQN pulse.
5Vpp
dc-coupled. For syncing to other devices.
24 PPQN square wave, or 48 PPQN pulse.
5Vpp
MIDI functions
Note On, each instrument, velocity divided to 16 volume levels. (Allows external
triggering of instruments from synth keyboard or pads.)
Mode control: Defaults to Omni mode. Can be switched to Poly mode.
Song Position Pointer
Song select
Timing clock
Start
Stop
Continue
System Reset
Other
Memory remaining display
Memory full warning
Memory percentage remaining function
1-year warranty
110-125V: 1/2A slo-blo fuse.
220-240V: 1/4A slo-blo fuse
10-year backup battery
Power
Dimensions:
Height
Width
Depth
CM400A 11/83
4 in.
21-3/8 in.
10 in.
15-3
*00 DRUMTRAKS MIDI IMPLEMENTATION
December 17, 1983
Unless otherwise specified, status/data bytes are given in binary, while numbers in
descriptions are in decimal.
TRANSMITTED DATA
Status
Second
Third
1001 nnnn
Ovvv vvvv
Okkk kkkk
Description
Note On. Only sent when
enabled. (See page 3.)
kkk kkkk = K (For key values, see Table 1.)
vvv vvvv (Velocity) = 1 - 127, depending on programmed
volume only (accent and song
volume changes are ignored).
Okkk kkkk
Note Off. All Note Ons are
followed immediately with a
0000 0000
Note Off (V = 0), with no new
status byte, i.e., five bytes sent
for each pad played.
1111 0011
Song
Osssssss
Select.
When
song
is
selected, that song number (S =
00 - 99) is sent.
Start. When playback of any
song or pattern starts, this is
sent immediately before the
first Timing Clock.
1111 1010
1111 0000
0000 0001
(SYS EX
SCI ID
oin mi
PM
mi oin
EOX)
Pattern Marker. Sent
immediately after the first
Timing Clock of each pattern,
except at the start of a song or
pattern.
Timing Clock. During playback
1111 1000
of any song or pattern, this is
sent
at
24
per-quarter-note
rate.
Stop. Sent whenever a song or
1111 1100
pattern is stopped.
400 MIDI, page 1
TRANSMITTED DATA
Status
Second
Third
1111 0000
0000 0001
scud
400 ID
(SYS EX
Description
0000 0110
data
11110111
Program Dump.
Eox)
bytes' ^matted
sent firs?
2 through
dght justified' LS nibb'*
inf°rmation' - tables
RECOGNIZED RECEIVED DATA
1001 nnnn
Okkk kkkk
Owv vvvv
Note On.
nnnn =
checked for
kkk kkkk, (For key values, see Table 1.)
wv vvvv (Velocity) = 1-127
wv vvvv = 0, Note Off is ignored, as are all Note Offs.
11110011
Osssssss
Song Select. Switches to song
H°dnn
oo? SeIeCts sonS * (™st
be 00-98). Also must already be
in either song stop or pattern
stop modes.
1111 1010
Start. Only if in song mode>
starts playback from start of
current
song.
Selects MIDI
playback clock.
If
1
1111 1000
Tmung
Clock.
Recognized
whenever in playback of a song
or pattern, and MIDI clock is
selected (either by front panel
or by Start status.)
1111 1100
I
I
Stop. Stops song playback. MIDI
clock inputs are ignored.
i
1111 nnnn
0111 1100
1111 nnnn
0111 1101
Omni Mode Off.
Omni Mode On.
400 MIDI, page 2
RECOGNIZED RECEIVED DATA, cont'd
Status
Second
Third
11110000
(SYS EX
0000 0001
SCI ID
0000 0000
REQUEST ID
Description
Program Dump Request. This
11110111
will initiate a complete
EOX)
program dump of song and
pattern data. See Tables 2
through 6,
1111 0000
0000 0001
(SYS EX
scud
0000 0110
400 ID
data
1111 0111
EOX)
Program Dump Receive.
data is 7680 song pattern data bytes, formatted as
15,360 four-bit nibbles, right justified, LS nibble
sent first. See Tables 2 through 6-
CODED FUNCTIONS
Select MIDI Clock
1. Hold both TEMPO switches.
2. Press ENTER.
3. Press DEC three times, to move the decimal point all the way Left.
k. To switch back to internal clock mode, repeat steps 1_ and 2. (The decimal point will
go off.)
Enable Pad Out
To enable sending pad information (Note On), hold ENTER and press
To disable sending pad, hold ENTER and hit 5.
Mode Select—Receive Only
The 400 always powers-up with Omni Mode On: the Basic Channel is set to 15 (N =
1110) at the factory.
The channel can be changed from the front panel by:
1. Hold both ENTER and 0. This will display the current channel number.
2. Select n$w channel number, if desired, using INC/DEC (1 through 16).
The channel is ignored with Omni Mode On and checked with Omni Mode Off. The
Mode Change commands must be sent to the correct channel in either mode.
The channel number is non-volatile, that is, if the channel number is changed it will
remain changed even if power is switched off.
400 MIDI, page 3
TABLE 1
♦00 MIDI KEY ASSIGNMENTS
kkk kkkk = 35 - 58, instrument keys
(36 = lowest C on
35. 36
37
38, 40
39
41, 43
see Figure 1.)
BASS
RIM
SNARE
CLAPS
TOM 1
42, 44
CLOSED HI-HAT
*6
*9
51
OPEN HI-HAT
CRASH CYMBAL
RIDE CYMBAL
45, 47
TOM 2
54
TAMB
56
58
COWBELL
CABASA
Transmit: Keys 36, 40, 43, 44, and 47 are sent for the duplicated sounds.
Receive: Keys not listed are ignored.
37
RIM
39
CLAPS
42
BASS
SNARE
SNARE
46
CLOSED CLOSED
HI HAT
BASS
44
TOM 1
HI HAT
TOM 1
OPEN
HI HAT
TOM 2
49
51
CRASH
RIDE
TOM 2
Figure 1
tit
MIDI External Keyboard Percussion Keys
400 MIDI, page
54
56
58
TAMB
COW
BELL
;abasa
TABLE 2
MO Data Dump Format
Bytes (Hex)
Description
00 - C7
Song Pointers (see Table 3).
C8 - 18F
Pattern Pointers (see Table 4).
190-191
Pointer to Space After Song 99.
192 - n
Song Data (see Table 5).
n+l - m-1
unused memory
m - 1DFF
Pattern Data (see Tables 6 and 7).
A dump in the 400 dumps all pointer tables, song data, pattern data, and unused
memory. All data must be maintained correctly, or the 400 could "crash" (for example
if song or pattern pointers are not updated when changes are made in the lengths of
songs or patterns).
TABLE 3
Song Pointers
Bytes (Hex)
Description
0 - 1
Pointer to Song 00. Always equals 2392H. Pointer stored in LS - then -MS
format.
2-3
Pointer to Song 01.
it
C6 - C7
Pointer to Song 99.
Note: Data memory for songs and patterns is from 2392H through 3FFFH, with songs
at the start, patterns at the end, and unused memory in the middle.
TABLE 4
Pattern Pointers
Bytes (Hex)
Description
C8 - C9
Pointer to Pattern 00. Pointer is stored in LS - then - MS format.
CA - CB
Pointer to Pattern 01.
18E - 18F
Pointer to Pattern 99.
400 MIDI, page 5
TABLE 5
Song Data
Relative
Byte Number Byte
Description
0
this
WOO
or
steps
or
or
END
Oppp pppp
P = 0-99, pattern number
lOOv vvvv
V = +/-15, relative volume change
10H tttt
T = +/-15, relative tempo change
1110 0000
Empty Step (deleted, but not reprogrammed)
1100 0000
End of Song.
InltW tempo (byte 0)
TABLE 6
Pattern Data
Relative
Byte Number Byte
0
7^
Description
nnnn
d{sss eeee
N = 1-99, number of beats per-measure
("numerator" of time signature)
E = 0-9, Error Correct (see Table 7)
^> = 0-5, Swing (see Table 7)
II'
dommm mmmm
M = 1-99, Number of Measures
D = 0-7, beat value (see Table 7)
("denominator" of time signature)
(event storage)
two-byte event (normal)
tttt tttt
00EA dddd
T = 0-255, Time (1/96 note, 24 PPQN)
E = clock extend (time overflow)
A = Accent on/off
D = Drum number (see Table 7)
three-byte event (dynamic)
tttt tttt
I
01EA dddd
END
same as above
vvvv pppp
V = 0-15, Volume for this event
P= 0-15, Pitch for this event.
tttt tttt
Time for End
X = don't care
1000 xxxx
,he three-byte pro,ogue
*00 MIDI, page 6
TABLE 7
Miscellaneous Parameter Tables
Error Correct
Value
Note
0
1
2
3
T72~
1/4
1/6
1/8
7
S
9
1/12
1/16
1/2*
1/32
l/*8
1/96
Swing
Value
%
*
5
6
0
1
2
3
5
50
5*
58
62
66
70
Beat Note (denominator)
Value
Note
0
1/2
1
2
3
5
6
7
1/4
1/6
1/8
1/12
1/16
1/2*
1/32
Drum Number
Number
Drum
0
BASS
1
SNARE
2
RIM
3
TOM 1
TOM 2
5
6
CRASH CYMBAL
RIDE CYMBAL
CLOSED HI-HAT
7
8
9
10
11
12
OPEN HI-HAT
CLAPS
TAMB
COWBELL
CABASA
400 MIDI, page 7

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