Nickel Cadmium Batteries Technical Handbook ’99 International English Version PDF File Technical Handbook Copyright 1999 Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd. All rights Reserved. No part of this technical handbook pdf file may be changed, altered, reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd. NOTICE TO READERS It is the responsibility of each user to ensure that each battery application system is adequately designed safe and compatible with all conditions encountered during use, and in conformance with existing standards and requirements. Any circuits contained herein are illustrative only and each user must ensure that each circuit is safe and otherwise completely appropriate for the desired application. This literature contains information concerning cells and batteries manufactured by Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd. This information is generally descriptive only and is not intended to make or imply any representation guarantee or warranty with respect to any cells and batteries. Cell and battery designs are subject to modification without notice. All descriptions and warranties are solely as contained in formal offers to sell or quotations made by Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd., Panasonic Sales Companies and Panasonic Agencies. NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERIES: TABLE OF CONTENTS Nickel Cadmium Batteries: Table of Contents Precautions for Designing Devices with NI-CD Batteries .............. 2 Rechargeable NI-Cd Batteries ........................................................... 6 Charge Methods for NI-CD Batteries .............................................. 10 Summary Specification Tables ......................................................... 24 Standard “N” Type ............................................................................26 High Capacity “S” Type ....................................................................28 Rapid Charge “R” Type ....................................................................30 High Rate Discharge and Rapid Charge “P” Type ........................32 Trickle Charge “H” and “K” Type ...................................................34 Battery Selection ...............................................................................37 • Charts Individual Data Sheets ......................................................................40 • Specifications • Dimensions • Characteristics Battery Packs ..................................................................................... 86 Glossary of Terms for NI-Cd Batteries ............................................89 NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 1 SEPTEMBER 1999 PRECAUTIONS FOR DESIGNING DEVICES WITH NI-CD BATTERIES In order to take full advantage of the properties of NiCd batteries and also to prevent problems due to improper use, please note the following points during the use and design of battery operated products. Underlined sections indicate information that is especially important 1. Charging 1.1 Charging temperature • Charge batteries within an ambient temperature range of 0°C to 45°C. • Ambient temperature during charging affects charging efficiency. As charging efficiency is best within a temperature range of 10°C to 30°C, whenever possible place the charger (battery pack) in a location within this temperature range. • At temperatures below 0°C the gas absorption reaction is not adequate, causing gas pressure inside the battery to rise, which can activate the safety vent and lead to leakage of alkaline gas and deterioration in battery performance. • Charging efficiency drops at temperatures above 40°C. This can disrupt full charging and lead to deterioration in performance and battery leakage. 1.2 Parallel charging of batteries • Sufficient care must be taken during the design of the charger when charging batteries connected in parallel. Consult Panasonic when parallel charging is required. 1.3 Reverse charging • Never attempt reverse charging. Charging with polarity reversed can cause a reversal in battery polarity causing gas pressure inside the battery to rise, which can activate the safety vent, lead to alkaline electrolyte leakage, rapid deterioration in battery performance, battery swelling or battery rupture. 1.4 Overcharging • Avoid overcharging. Repeated overcharging can lead to deterioration in battery performance. (“Overcharging” means charging a battery when it is already fully charged.) 1.5 Rapid Charging • To charge batteries rapidly, use the specified charger (or charging method recommended by Panasonic) and follow the correct procedures. 1.6 Trickle charging (continuous charging) • Carry out trickle charge by applying the current of 0.02 to 0.05 CmA. The correct current value is determined depending on the features and purpose of the equipment. • Note : “CmA” During charging and discharging, CmA is a value indicating current and expressed as a multiple of nominal capacity. Substitute “C” with the battery’s nominal capacity when calculating. For example, for a l500mAh battery of 0.033CmA, this value is equal to 1/30 × 1500, or roughly 50mA. 2. Discharging 2.1 Discharge temperature • Discharge batteries within an ambient temperature range of -20°C to +65°C. • Discharge current level (i.e. the current at which a battery is discharged) affects discharging efficiency. Discharging efficiency is good within a current range of 0.1 CmA to 0.5 CmA. • Discharge capacity drops at temperatures below -20°C or above +65°C. Such decreases in discharge capacity can lead to deterioration in battery performance. 2.2 Overdischarge • Since overdischarging damages the battery characteristics, do not forget to turn off the switch when discharging, and do not leave the battery connected to the equipment for long periods of time. Also, avoid shipping the battery installed in the equipment. 2.3 High-current discharging • As high-current discharging can lead to heat generation and decreased discharging efficiency, consult Panasonic before attempting continuous discharging or pulse discharging at currents larger than 2 CmA. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 2 SEPTEMBER 1999 PRECAUTIONS FOR DESIGNING DEVICES WITH NI-CD BATTERIES-CONTINUED 3. Storage 3.1 Storage temperature and humidity (short-term) • Store batteries in a dry location with low humidity, no corrosive gases, and at a temperature range of -20°C to +45°C. • Storing batteries in a location where humidity is extremely high or where temperatures fall below -20°C or rise above +45°C can lead to the rusting of metallic parts and battery leakage due to expansion or contraction in parts composed of organic materials. 3.2 Long-term storage (2 year, -20°C to +35°C) • Because long-term storage can accelerate battery self-discharge and lead to the deactivation of reactants, locations where the temperature ranges between +10°C and +30°C are suitable for long-term storage. • When charging for the first time after long-term storage, deactivation of reactants may lead to increased battery voltage and decreased battery capacity. Restore such batteries to original performance by repeating several cycles of charging and discharging. • When storing batteries for more than 1 year, charge at least once a year to prevent leakage and deterioration in performance due to selfdischarging. When using a rapid voltage detection type battery charger carry out charge and discharge at least once every 6 months. 4. Service Life of Batteries 4.1 Cycle life • Batteries used under proper conditions of charging and discharging can be used 500 cycles or more. Significantly reduced service time in spite of proper charging means that the life of the battery has been exceeded. Also, at the end of service life, an unusual increase in internal resistance, or an internal shortcircuit failure may occur. Chargers and charging circuits should therefore be designed to ensure safety in the event of heat generated upon battery failure at the end of service life. Please contact Panasonic if you have any questions. 4.2 Service life with long-term use • Because batteries are chemical products involving internal chemical reactions, performance deteriorates not only with use but also during prolonged storage. Normally, a battery will last 3 to 5 years if used under proper conditions and not overcharged or overdischarged. However, failure to satisfy conditions concerning charging, discharging, temperature and other factors during actual use can lead to shortened life (or cycle life) damage to products and deterioration in performance due to leakage and shortened service life. 5. Design of Products Which Use Batteries 5.1 Connecting batteries and products • Never solder a lead wire and other connecting materials directly to the battery, as doing so will damage the battery’s internal safety vent, separator, and other parts made of organic materials. To connect a battery to a product, spot-weld a tab made of nickel or nickel-plated steel to the battery’s terminal strip, then solder a lead wire to the tab. Perform soldering in as short a time as possible. • Use caution in applying pressure to the terminals in cases where the battery pack can be separated from the equipment. • When rapid charging using the voltage detection method with a large current (1C or more), or when leaving the battery installed in the equipment, be sure to follow connecting the precaution listed above. Even for other uses, if connecting the precaution listed above is used as much as possible, contact defects in the connection process can be reduced. 5.2 Material for terminals in products using the batteries • Because small amounts of alkaline electrolyte can leak out from the battery seal during extended use or when the safety vent is activated during improper use, use a highly alkaline-resistant material for a product’s contact terminals in order to avoid problems due to corrosion. High Alkaline-resistant Metals Nickel, stainless steel, nickelplated steel, etc. Low Alkaline-resistant Metals Tin, aluminum, zinc, copper, brass, etc. (Note that stainless steel generally results in higher contact resistance.) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 3 SEPTEMBER 1999 PRECAUTIONS FOR DESIGNING DEVICES WITH NI-CD BATTERIES-CONTINUED 5.3 Temperature related to the position of batteries in products • Excessively high temperatures (i.e. higher than 45°C) can cause alkaline electrolyte to leak out from the battery, thus damaging the product and shorten battery life by causing deterioration in the separator or other battery parts. Install batteries far from heat-generating parts of product. The best battery position is a battery compartment that is composed of an alkaline-resistant material which isolates the batteries from the product’s circuitry. This prevents damage caused by a slight leakage of alkaline electrolyte from the battery. Be careful particularly when trickle charging is carried out (for continuous charging). 5.4 Discharge end voltage • Overdischarge and reverse charge of the battery deteriorate battery characteristics. This can be caused by several actions, such as forgetting to turn off the power. Installing an overdischarge cutoff circuit is recommended in order to avoid overdischarge and reverse charge. • The discharge end voltage is determined by the formula given below. Number of Batteries Arranged Serially 1 to 6 (Number of batteries × 1.0) V 7 to 20 ((Number of batteries - 1) × 1.2) V 5.5 Overdischarge (deep discharge) prevention • Overdischarging (deep discharging) or reverse charging damages the battery characteristics. In order to prevent damage associated with forgetting to turn off the switch or leaving the battery in the equipment for extended periods, it is hoped that preventative options are incorporated in the equipment. At the same time, it is recommended that leakage current is minimized. Also, the battery should not be shipped inside the equipment. 6. Prohibited Items Regarding the Battery Handling • Panasonic assumes no responsibility for problems resulting from batteries handled in the following manner. 6.2 Short-circuiting • Never attempt to short-circuit a battery. Doing so can damage the product and generate heat that can cause burns. 6.3 Throwing batteries into a fire or water • Disposing of a battery in fire can cause the battery to rupture. Also avoid placing batteries in water, as this causes batteries to cease to function. 6.4 Soldering • Never solder anything directly to a battery. This can destroy the safety features of the battery by damaging the safety vent inside the cap. 6.5 Inserting the batteries with their polarities reversed • Never insert a battery with the positive and negative poles reversed, as this can cause the battery to swell or rupture. 6.6 Overcharging at high currents and reverse charging • Never reverse charge or overcharge with high currents (i.e. higher than rated). Doing so causes rapid gas generation and increased gas pressure, thus causing batteries to swell or rupture. • Charging with an unspecified charger or specified charger that has been modified can cause batteries to swell or rupture. Be sure to indicate this safety warning clearly in all operating instructions as a handling restriction for ensuring safety. 6.7 Installation in equipment (with an airtight battery compartment) • Always avoid designing airtight battery compartments. In some cases, gases (oxygen, hydrogen) may be given off, and there is a danger of the batteries bursting or rupturing in the presence of a source of ignition_(sparks generated by a motor switch, etc.). 6.8 Use of batteries for other purposes • Do not use a battery in an appliance or purpose for which it was not intended. Differences in specifications can damage the battery or appliance. 6.1 Disassembly • Never disassemble a battery, as the electrolyte inside is strong alkaline and can damage skin and clothes. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 4 SEPTEMBER 1999 PRECAUTIONS FOR DESIGNING DEVICES WITH NI-CD BATTERIES-CONTINUED 6.9 Short-circuiting of battery packs • Special caution is required to prevent shortcircuits. Care must be taken during the design of the battery pack shape to ensure batteries cannot be inserted in reverse. Also, caution must be given to certain structures or product terminal shapes which can make short-circuiting more likely. 6.10 Using old and new batteries together • Avoid using old and new batteries together. Also avoid using these batteries with ordinary dry-cell batteries, Ni-MH batteries or with another manufacturer’s batteries. Differences in various characteristic values, etc., can cause damage to batteries or the product. 7. Other Precautions • Batteries should always be charged prior to use. Be sure to charge correctly. 8. Final Point to Bear in Mind • In order to ensure safe battery use and to prolong the battery performance, please consult Panasonic regarding charge and discharge conditions for use and product design prior to the release of a battery-operated product. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 5 SEPTEMBER 1999 RECHARGEABLE NI-CD BATTERIES Responding to the Technological Revolution with Consistent Reliability! Overview Rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries are one type of alkaline storage battery, which is classified as a secondary battery. Ni-Cd batteries use nickel hydroxide as the positive electrode, cadmium as the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte. They are designated by IEC 285 as alkaline secondary cells and batteries “Sealed nickel-cadmium cylindrical rechargeable single cells”. First invented by Jungner of Sweden in 1899, the basis for practical application of rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries was made possible about 50 years later by the development of the totally sealed cell by Neumann of France. Ever since our development and practical application of rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries in 1961, for over 30 years Panasonic has continued to make innovations and improvements in order to meet the ever-increasing needs and demands of the market. As a result, our rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries are used for all types of applications throughout the world. Panasonic has also applied many original technological developments in our rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries, including the fabrication of the negative electrode by a pasted method, the fabrication of the positive electrode by a sintered method or by using a new foamed metal material, and the use of a new thin type separator, thus achieving ever-higher levels of reliability and performance. In particular, reflecting the needs of the market, our SM120 and SM80 Series were developed as a new High Capacity and Rapid Charge type, challenging the limits of Ni-Cd batteries to provide both rapid charge and approximately double the capacity of our standard type. Because Ni-Cd batteries are made using the scarce natural resources of nickel and cadmium, Panasonic is making a positive effort for recycling them from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment and ensuring the efficient utilization of the earth’s natural resources. Giving top priority to meeting the needs of our customers, Panasonic will continue to develop new products for providing power to the devices that are so important to today’s comfortable, enjoyable, and productive living. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 6 SEPTEMBER 1999 RECHARGEABLE NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED Construction Rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries are comprised of a positive electrode plate which uses nickel hydroxide as its main active material, a negative electrode plate which uses a cadmium compound as its main active material, a separator made of a thin non-woven fabric, an alkaline electrolyte, a metal case, a sealing plate provided with a self-sealing safety valve, and other components. The positive and negative electrode plates, isolated from each other by the separator, are rolled in a spiral shape inside the case and sealed by the sealing plate by means of an insulation gasket. In battery types which are designed for highcurrent discharge, such as the “P” Series, our unique collection system is used for the collectors of the positive and negative electrode plates. By making the side walls of the metal case thinner, it became possible for the battery to be lighter in weight and to have a larger internal volume than previous models. Cap (+) Safety Valve Insulation Gasket Sealing Plate Insulation Ring Positive Electrode Collector Negative Electrode Separator Case ( ) Positive Electrode Negative Electrode Collector Figure 1 Construction Battery Reactions Generally, in rechargeable cells there are three different electro-chemical reactions: the discharge reaction which supplies electrical power to the load of the battery, the charge reaction which restores that electrical power, and the oxygen gas generation reaction resulting from the electrolysis of water on the positive electrode which occurs after the completion of charge, or, in other words, during overcharge. For rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries, the charge and discharge reactions are illustrated by the formula shown below. The special characteristic of these reactions is that the alkaline electrolyte, for example, potassium hydroxide (KOH), does not apparently contribute directly to the reactions. Positive Negative 2NiOOH + Cd + 2H 2O nickel metal Water oxyhydroxide Cadmium The battery is designed so that the capacity of the negative electrode is larger than that of the positive electrode, and the gas generated at the positive electrode is absorbed by reacting with the unreacted part of the negative electrode, thus making it possible for the battery to be completely sealed. In this design, the reactions become as follows. Positive Negative 2OH - 1 /2 O 2 + H 2 O + 2e - Cd + /2 O 2 + H 2 O Cd(OH) 2 + 2e 1 Cd(OH) 2 Cd + 2OH - Discharge 2Ni(OH) 2 + Cd(OH) 2 Charge Nickel hydroxide (1st) Cadmium hydroxide NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 7 SEPTEMBER 1999 RECHARGEABLE NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED Five Main Characteristics of Ni-Cd Batteries 1. Charge Characteristics The charge characteristics of Ni-Cd batteries are affected by the current, time, temperature, and other factors. Increasing the charge current and lowering the charge temperature causes the battery voltage to rise. Charge generates heat, thus causing the battery temperature to rise. Charge efficiency will also vary according to the current, time, and temperature. For rapid charge, a charge control system is required; refer to the following section on the charge methods for Ni-Cd batteries. 2. Discharge Characteristics The discharge characteristics of Ni-Cd batteries will vary according to the current, temperature, and other factors. Generally, in comparison with dry-cell batteries, there is less voltage fluctuation during discharge, and even if the discharge current is high, there is very little drop in capacity. Among the various types of Ni-Cd batteries, there are models such as Panasonic’s “P” type which are specifically designed to meet the need for high-current discharge, such as for power tools, and there are also models such as our new High Capacity and Rapid Charge type which are designed to meet the need for high capacity, such as for high-tech devices. Typical Charge Characteristics Typical Self-discharge Characteristics Ni-Cd batteries have five main characteristics: charge, discharge, cycle life, storage, and safety. 1.8 Battery : P-50AA Charge : 50mA (0.1C)x15hrs 100 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 45˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0˚C 80 20˚C 60 Capacity test Battery Charge Storage conditions : P-100AASJ : 100mA (0.1C) X 15hrs. : Each length of time at each temperature Discharge : 200mA (0.2 C), cut-off voltage 1.0V Temperature : 20˚C 40 1.0 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 45˚C Charge Time (hours) 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Storage Time (months) Typical Discharge Characteristics (Comparison with Dry-cell) 1.6 1.0 Batteries : P-50AA Ni-Cd battery and SUM-3 dry-cell battery Discharge : 100mA Temp. : 20˚C 0.8 1.4 Ni-Cd batter y dis charge voltage 0.6 1.2 0.4 ry te ge at lta ll b vo ce rge yDr scha di 1.0 Dry-cell battery internal resistance 0.8 Interanl Resistance ( ) 0.9 Voltage (V) Voltage (V) 1.6 Capacity Ratio (%) 1.7 0.2 Ni-Cd battery internal resistance 0 0.6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Discharge Time (hours) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 8 SEPTEMBER 1999 RECHARGEABLE NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED 3. Cycle Life Characteristics The cycle life of Ni-Cd batteries will vary according to the charge and discharge conditions, the temperature, and other usage conditions. When used in accordance with the IEC charge and discharge specifications, over 500 charge/discharge cycles are possible. The actual cycle life will vary according to which of the various charge formats is used, such as for rapid charge, and also according to how the device powered by the batteries is actually used. 5. Safety If pressure inside the battery rises as a result of improper use, such as overcharge, short-circuit, or reverse charge, a resetable safety valve will function to release the pressure, thus preventing bursting of the battery. Typical Cycle Life Characteristics 120 Capacity Ratio (%) 100 80 60 40 20 IEC Charge and Discharge Conditions Battery : P-100AASJ 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Number of Cycles 4. Storage Characteristics When Ni-Cd batteries are stored in a charged state, the capacity will gradually decrease (self discharge), and this tendency will be markedly greater at high temperatures. However, the capacity can be subsequently restored by charge. Even if the batteries are stored for an extended length of time, if the storage conditions are appropriate, the capacity will be restored by subsequent charge and discharge. Typical Capacity Recovery After Storage Capacity Ratio (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 Capacity Test Conditions Battery : P-100AASJ Charge : 100mA (0.1C) X 15hrs. Storage : 20˚C X 6 months Discharge : 200mA (0.2 C), cut-off voltage 1.0V Temperature : 20˚C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Number of Cycles NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 9 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES If the charge conditions are not appropriate, not only will the batteries not display their full performance potential, but the cycle life could also be shortened, and in extreme cases, electrolyte leakage could damage the device in which the batteries are used. Therefore, carefully select the appropriate charge method, taking into consideration the type of battery, the state of discharge, the charge current, and the ambient temperature. The charge methods for Ni-Cd batteries can be generally classified into two types according to the purpose for which the batteries are used: cycle use and standby use. (a) Cycle Use Classified According to Usage. (b) Standby Use (a) Cycle Use The battery is repeatedly charged and discharged. This is the most common method for using Ni-Cd batteries. (b) Standby Use Power is normally supplied to the load from an AC power supply, and the Ni-Cd battery is used to maintain the power supply to the load in the event that the AC power supply is interrupted. (1) Methods of Charge for Ni-Cd Battery The methods of charge for Ni-Cd batteries can be classified as follows according to the purpose of use and the charge time. Charge Time Cycle Use 1 to 2 hours Charge Control Method V Cut-off Charge System dT/dt Charge System Voltage-controlled Charge System *See Note. V-taper Controlled Charge System Constant-voltage, Constant-current Controlled Charge System Standby Use 6 to 8 hours Timer-controlled Charge System 15 hours Semi-constant-current Charge System Continuous Charge Trickle Charge System * Not a recommended charge method for Ni-Cd batteries NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 10 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED (2) General Comparison of the Various Charge Systems Cycle (Repeated) Use Charge System Operation VB: Battery Voltage Ich: Charge Current T: Battery Temperature Features Semi-constant Current Charge Timer Controlled Charge VB VB Ich - ∆ V Cut-off Charge VB VB dT/dt Cut off Charge VB VB VB Ich Ich VB Standby Use V Ich Ich Ich 15(h) * Most typical charge system * Simple and economical VB T Ich 0 VB Ich Ich T Trickle Charge 0 6 - 8(h) * More reliable than Semi-constant current charge system * Relatively simple and economical 0 1-2 (h) * Most popular Ich 0 0 1-2 (h) * Charging circuit costs more than the others but overcharge can be avoided enabling longer life cycle than - ∆ V charge method No. of Output Terminals 2 2 2 3 Charge Time 15 hours 6 to 8 hours 1 to 2 hours 1 to 2 hours 15 * Simple and economical * Applicable to the equipment for continuous long charge 2 30 hours or longer * frequent charge:0.050.033 CmA * less frequent charge: 0.033-0.02 CmA Charge Current 0.1 CmA 0.2 CmA 0.5 to 1 CmA 0.5 to 1 CmA Trickel Current --- 0.05-0.033 CmA 0.05-0.033 CmA 0.05-0.033 CmA Charge Level at Charge Control --- approx. 120% approx. 110 to 120% approx. 100 to 110% --- "N" (Standard) Type ⊗ Ο --- --- --- "S" Type --- --- ⊗ ⊗ --- "R" Type Ο Ο ⊗ ⊗ --- "P" Type Ο Ο Ο ⊗ --- "H" Type --- --- --- --- ⊗ "K" Type --- * Shavers * Digital cordless Application Examples phones * Toys --* Cordless Phone * Shavers --* Data Terminals * Camcorder * Wireless equipment * Cellular phones --* Power Tools * Electric Tools * Notebook PC * Cellular Phones 30(h) ⊗ * Emergency lights * Guide lights * Memory back-up ⊗: Most recommended Ο: Acceptable NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 11 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED (2) General Comparison of the Various Charge Systems - Continued For Reference Only (Not Recommended for the Main Charge Control System for Ni-Cd Batteries.) Charge System Operation VB: Battery Voltage Ich: Charge Current T: Battery Temperature CV: Constant Voltage Features No. of Output Terminals Charge Time Charge Current Trickel Current Charge Level at Charge Control "N" (Standard) Type "S" Type "R" Type "P" Type "H" Type "K" Type Application Examples Voltage Controlled Charge System VB V-taper Controlled Charge System VB VB VB VB Ich Constant-voltage, Constant-current Controlled Charge System CV VB Ich Ich Ich Ich Ich 0 1(h) * Not recommended for the main charge control system for Ni-Cd batteries. ------------------------- 0 0 1(h) * Not recommended for the main charge control system for Ni-Cd batteries. * Recommended charge control system for sealed lead acid batteries. --------- 1(h) * Not recommended for the main charge control system for Ni-Cd batteries. --- ----------- --------------------Basic charge control system for sealed lead acid batteries. --- NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 12 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED (3) Details of Each Charge Method Semi-constant-current Charge System (1) Mechanism (A) Mechanism A resistance is positioned between the DC power supply and the battery, thus stabilizing the charge current. By keeping the charge current low enough that the battery does not generate any heat, this method performs charge without using any control. VB : Battery Voltage Ich : Charge Current t : Charge Time VB VB = Battery voltage (Vc x N) R = Charge current stabilizing resistance Ich = Charge current Ich = Vo - VB VC × N × (K) - VC × N = R R (K) is the stabilizing constant and must be selected in accordance with the purpose of the device in which the battery pack is used. (2) Features • The standard charge method for Ni-Cd batteries. • The charger construction is simple and inexpensive. Ich VB (3) General Specifications Ich 0 t Fig. 1 Charge Characteristics of the Semi-constant-current Charge System VO Ich VB Battery Pack DC Power Supply to Charge R Fig. 2 Circuit Block Diagram of the Semi-constant-current Charge-system (B) Calculation Example The calculation formula for the block diagram of the semi-constant-current charge system shown in Fig. 1 is as follows. Vo = Output voltage of the DC power supply for charge Vc = Single-cell battery voltage (1.45 V/cell: average battery voltage during charge at 20°C, 0.1 CmA) N = Number of cells used Number of Charger Output Terminals Charge Current Charge Time Applicable Battery Types Typical General Specifications 2 0.1CmA 15 hours N R P (4) Cautions • If the specific conditions of the device require that a charge rate higher than 0.1 CmA be used, the overcharge performance and temperature rise characteristics will vary according to the battery type. Consult Panasonic for further details and specifications. • If a large number of battery cells are used, or if batteries having a high nominal capacity are used, or if the heat dissipation of the battery pack is poor, the batteries may generate heat even when charged at 0.1 CmA. In such cases, it is necessary to re-design the construction for better heat dissipation or to lower the charge current. Design so that the battery temperature rise at saturation is no higher than 50°C. • The value of the above-mentioned stabilizing constant (K) must be selected carefully. If the value of K is too small, the fluctuation of the charge current with respect to the fluctuation of the power supply voltage will increase, and this could cause insufficient charge or overcharge. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 13 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED • When the batteries reach the end of their cycle life, the usage time will become markedly shorter, and eventually two malfunction modes will occur: an internal short-circuit and the exhaustion of the electrolyte (the internal resistance will increase). Therefore, when designing the charger and the charge circuit, these malfunction modes (output short-circuit, etc.) at the end of the cycle life must be taken into consideration. Special care is required regarding the rated load of the charge current stabilizing resistance R so that an overload does not occur at the time of these battery malfunction modes. Timer-controlled Charge System (1) Mechanism At the start of charge, an IC timer is started (counts up), and charge is continued at a current of 0.2 CmA for a specified time until the timer stops. After the timer stops, trickle charge continues at 0.05 CmA. to : Timer Starts tc : Timer Stops VB VB Ich tc t Typical General Specifications Number of Charger Output Terminals Charge Current Charge Time Charge Level Until Timer Stops Trickle Applicable Battery Types 2 0.2CmA 6 hours 120% Charge Current 0.05CmA N S R P (3) Cautions • This method is not appropriate for applications in which the timer is frequently reset (charge is restarted). • If frequent resetting of the timer is required, or if the specific conditions of the device require that a charge rate higher than 0.2 CmA be used (for example, timer-controlled charge at 0.3 CmA), it is necessary to combine this method with an absolute temperature cut-off charge system. • The overcharge performance will vary according to the battery type. Current Controller Current Detector (1) Mechanism If rapid charge Ni-Cd batteries are charged at a constant current, the battery voltage will increase as charge progresses, peak when charge is completed, and then subsequently decrease. Because this voltage drop occurs regardless of the discharge level or ambient temperature, it can be effectively used to detect the completion of charge. The -∆V cut-off charge system controls charge by detecting the voltage drop (-∆V) following the peak. Battery Pack DC Power Supply to Charge Fig. 3 Charge Characteristics of the Timer-controlled Charge System Timer General Specifications - ∆ V Cut-off Charge System Ich to (2) Features Compared with the semi-constant-current charge system (non-controlled), the addition of a charge timer improves the long-term reliability of charge. • The construction of the charge circuit is relatively simple and inexpensive. • Fig. 4 Circuit Block Diagram of the Timer-controlled Charge System NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 14 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED (2) Features • • The most common control method for rapid charge. The most recommended and widely used method for the rapid charge of Ni-Cd batteries for use in high-tech devices (for example, portable VCR, notebook PC, digital cordless and cellular phones, etc.). VB V VB Ich Ich 0 t Fig. 5 Charge Characteristics of the - V Cut-off Charge System (3) General Specifications Typical General Specifications Number of Charger Output Terminals Charge Current Charge Time Charge Level at -∆V Cut-off Trickle Charge Current -∆V Value Charge Mode Switching (1) (From Rapid Charge to Trickle Charge) Charge Mode Switching (2) (From Initial Charge to Rapid Charge) Initial Charge Current Total Timer Time Initial Delay Timer Safety Device Applicable Battery Types Remarks 2 0.5 to 1.0 CmA 1 to 2 hours approx. 110 to 120% 0.05CmA 15 to 20 mV/cell See (6) In Fig. 6. See (3) in Fig. 6. 1.95 V/cell See (2) in Fig. 6. 0.8 to 1.0 V/cell See (4) in Fig. 6. approx. 0.2 CmA Time corresponding to a 150% charge level of the nominal capacity at the rapid charge current approx. 5 min. Thermal protector (included in the battery pack) S R P See (7) in Fig. 6. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 15 See (5) in Fig. 6. See (8) in Fig. 6. See (1) in Fig. 6. See Fig. 7 and 8. SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED (3) Precautions • This method is suitable for rapid charge Ni-Cd batteries. • The charge current should be 0.5 CmA ~ 1 CmA. If charged at less than 0.5 CmA, the voltage drop after the peak voltage is reached might be too small for the -∆V cut-off to function, resulting in overcharge. The maximum charge current will vary according to the specific type of battery, so it is important to select the appropriate charge current. (See (5) in Fig. 6) • A constant-current power supply circuit is required. If fluctuations in the charge current occur as a result of fluctuations in the power supply voltage, the charge voltage will change, and faulty operation (stopping of charge before completion) of the charger might occur. • The voltage detector shown in the block diagram must be provided with a noise canceller in order to prevent external noise from causing faulty operation (stopping of charge before completion) of the charger. • An initial delay timer is needed in order to prevent faulty operation (stopping of charge before completion) of the charger from being caused by any false -∆V phenomenon at the beginning of charge. False -∆V phenomenon: When Ni-Cd batteries are left unused for a long period of time or excessively discharged, the charge voltage (false -∆V) may swing at the beginning of charge. (See (1) in Fig 6) Initial delay timer: Prevents the -∆V detection circuit from functioning for a certain length of time after rapid charge is begun. • Be sure that the -∆V value is correct. If it is not, faulty operation (overcharge or insufficient charge) of the charger might occur. (See (1) in Fig. 6) • A voltage detection switch must be provided in order to change from the rapid-charge current to the trickle charge current when the charge voltage reaches the predetermined level. This predetermined level varies according to the type of battery, so consult Panasonic for the specific level. The trickle charge current should be 0.05 CmA. (See (2) and (6) in Fig. 6) • If a voltage detection switch is provided in order to switch the charger to the rapid charge mode, set the voltage value to 0.8 to 1.0 V/cell. In addition, for the period of initial charge (before the start of rapid charge) until the battery voltage reaches the predetermined level, set the charge current to approximately 0.2 CmA. (See (5) and (7) in Fig. 6) • • • Provide a total timer in the charge circuit as a double-safety control. (See (8) in Fig. 6) A thermal protector (thermostat) and other safety devices are needed inside the battery pack to ensure the safety of rapid charge. (See Figs. 7 and 8.) Especially for devices where charge is frequently performed at high temperatures or low temperatures (for example, chargers designed to be used in an automobile), in order to increase charge reliability, the charger is provided with a function that detects the temperature of the batteries and switches to trickle charge if the temperature is not within the specified range for rapid charge. Therefore, a thermistor or other temperature-detecting element must be provided inside the battery pack, and the battery pack will have a 3-terminal construction. (See (9) in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7) 1 Voltage drop (- V) is not detected for the first 5 min. of charge 2 Charge mode switching (1) Switches to trickle charge when voltage of 1.95V/cell is detected. 3 Switches to trickle charge when voltage drop (- V) of 15-20mV/cell is detected VB Ich VB 4 Charge mode switching (2) Swithes to rapid charge at voltage of 0.8-1.0V/cell 4 7 Ich 5 5 Rapid charge current of 0.5 CmA or higher (maximum charge current deter mined according to the specific type of battery). 7 Initial charge current of approx. 0.2 CmA. 6 Trickle charge current of 0.05 CmA for 15 hours 6 t 8 Rapid-charge total timer (counts up to time corresonding to 150% of the nominal capacity). 9 Temperature range for rapid charge 10 to 40˚C (Temperature detected by a thermistor.) Fig. 6 Typical - V Cut-off Charge System + Thermal Protector Fig. 7 Basic Battery Pack Circuit NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 16 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED + Thermal Protector Thermistor Temperature is detected by the thermistor T Fig. 8 Battery Pack Circuit for Low-temperature or Hightemperature Charge Trickle Charge System There are generally two types of uses for trickle charge; As a standby power supply for devices such as emergency lights, and for additional charge following rapid charge. When used as a standby power supply, the appropriate charge current varies according to the frequency of discharge. VB I ch VB I ch 0 Fig. 9 t Charge Characteristics of the Trickle Charge System NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 17 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED (1) Mechanism While the AC power is being supplied, the battery is disconnected from the load and is charged by a very small current which only replenishes the self-discharge of the battery. Only in the event of an interruption in the AC power supply does power flow from the battery to the load. (2) Features Mainly used as a standby power supply for emergency lights and other disaster-prevention equipment. • The main purpose of trickle charge is to replenish the self-discharge of the battery, using a very small charge current of 0.02 to 0.05 CmA. It takes many hours to completely charge. • (3) General Specifications (Trickle Charge Current) Trickle Charge Applications with Frequent Discharge Example: Back-up Power Supply for Computers 0.033~ 0.05CmA Applications with Infrequent Discharge Example: Emergency Lights 0.02~ 0.033CmA Additional Charge Following Rapid Charge (4) Precautions The trickle charge current for use as a standby power supply should be set to a level at which charge will be completed by time of the next discharge, taking into consideration the frequency of discharge and the discharge current. • If recovery charge at a relatively large current (for example, 0.1 CmA) is required, combine trickle charge with some other suitable charge control system (for example, timer-control charge). • 0.05CmA VB I ch VB I ch 0 Fig. 10 Charge Characteristics of the Voltage-controlled Charge System Current Controller DC Power Supply for Charge Voltage-controlled Charge System (for Reference Only) (1) Mechanism The charge voltage at the completion of charge is detected (the detection voltage can be freely set) by a voltage detection circuit inside the charger, and the charger switches from rapid charge to trickle charge. To compensate for temperature-related fluctuations in the charge voltage of Ni-Cd batteries, temperature compensation is added to detection voltage. t Voltage Switch Total Timer T T.P. Battery Pack Standby Power Supply T.: Thermistor T.P.: Thermal Protector Fig. 11 Circuit Block Diagram of the Voltage-controlled Charge System NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 18 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED (2) Features This method is rarely used today, and it is not appropriate for the charge control system for Ni-Cd batteries. Matching the charger to the batteries is extremely difficult, and if the detection voltage of the charger is not set correctly, insufficient charge or overcharge (thermal runaway) can easily occur. V-taper Controlled Charge System This is the charge control method recommended for Sealed Lead Acid batteries, and it is not recommended for charge Ni-Cd batteries. VB VB I ch I ch General Specifications V-taper Controlled Charge System Typical General Specifications Charge Level at Voltage Control Trickle Charge Current Detection Voltage Safety Device Applicable Battery Types 0.5~1.0 CmA 1 to 2 hours (complete charge is difficult even with a longer charge time) Approx. 70% 0.05 CmA (Detection voltage must be compensated for the temperature.) Thermal protector + total timer (Not recommended for use as the main charge control system for NiCd batteries.) (3) Precautions • The setting of the detection voltage is extremely difficult. The setting of the detection voltage and of the temperature compensation must be done carefully, taking into consideration the variations and fluctuations of the batteries and of the charger as indicated below, and in order to avoid overcharge (thermal runaway), the detection voltage is generally set for insufficient charge. Batteries: Single-cell and multi-cell (battery pack) variations in the charge voltage, and fluctuation of the charge voltage caused by the ambient temperature. Charger: Variations in the adjustment of the set detection voltage, and fluctuation of the detection voltage caused by the ambient temperature. • The charge voltage increases in batteries which have been left unused for a long period of time, and during charge the charge voltage will quickly reach the charger’s detection voltage. Therefore, if the voltage-controlled charge control system is used to charge batteries which have not been used for a long period of time, the charge level will be low. Matching the charger to the batteries is extremely difficult, and if the detection voltage of the charger is not set correctly, insufficient charge or overcharge (thermal runaway) can easily occur. Therefore, this method should never be used as the main charge control system for Ni-Cd batteries. 0 t Fig. 12 Charge Characteristics of the V-taper Controlled Charge System Current Controller T V-1 Conver ter CR Timer Total Timer T.P. Voltage Switch Battery Pack Charge Time Voltage-Controlled Charge System 2 DC Power Supply for Charge Number of Charger Output Terminals Charge Current T.: Thermistor T.P.: Thermal Protector Fig. 13 Circuit Block Diagram of the V-taper Controlled Charge System (1) Mechanism This system is basically the same as the voltagecontrolled charge system already described. However, in the V-taper controlled charge system, after the set voltage is detected at the completion of charge, the rapid charge current is supplied as a tapered current, decreased at a predetermined rate over a predetermined length of time, and then switched to trickle current. Supplying the decreasing taper current makes it possible to achieve a higher charge level than with the voltage-controlled charge system. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 19 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED VB VB CV: Constant Voltage I ch I ch 0 (4) Precautions This charge method is basically the same as the voltage-controlled charge system, and it is not appropriate for charge Ni-Cd batteries. Constant-voltage, Constant-current Controlled Charge system This is the basic charge system for Sealed Lead Acid batteries, and it is not recommended for charge NiCd batteries. (1) Mechanism The charge voltage of Sealed Lead Acid batteries rises sharply at the completion of charge and is subsequently maintained at that level. The constantvoltage, constant-current controlled charge system utilizes these charge voltage characteristics to complete (control) charge using only a constantvoltage power supply with no external control. When the battery voltage is lower than the constant voltage, charge is carried out in the constant-current range, and when the battery voltage reaches the level of the constant-voltage, the charge current is decreased to a trickle current. t Fig. 14 Charge Characteristics of the Constant-voltage, Constant-current Controlled Charge System DC Power Supply for Charge (Constant Voltage, Constant Current) (3) General Specifications Because this system is currently used only as a rapid charge method for Sealed Lead Acid batteries, the specifications are not included here. CV Sealed Lead Acid Battery (2) Features • This is the recommended charge control system for Sealed Lead Acid batteries. • In comparison with the voltage-controlled charge system, this method is capable of increasing the charge level by the amount indicated by the shaded area in Fig. 12. However, just as for the voltage-controlled charge system, the setting of the detection voltage is extremely difficult when charge Ni-Cd batteries. Fig. 15 Circuit Block Diagram of the Constant-voltage, Constant-current Controlled Charge System (2) Features Because this method is used only for charge Sealed Lead Acid batteries, the features are not included here. (3) General Specifications Because this method is used only for charge Sealed Lead Acid batteries, the specifications are not included here. (4) Cautions The charge voltage characteristics of Ni-Cd batteries exhibit a peak at the completion of charge, and subsequently drop. Therefore, if the constant-voltage, constant-current controlled charge system were to be used to charge Ni-Cd batteries, the charge current would be increased again, and thermal runaway would occur. This method is not suitable, and is not recommended for charge Ni-Cd batteries. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 20 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED Differences Between the Basic Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries and Sealed Lead Acid Batteries (1) Basic Charge Methods A comparison of the charge voltage characteristics of Ni-Cd batteries and Sealed Lead Acid batteries shows major differences in the behavior of the charge voltage, such as at the completion of charge. With Ni-Cd batteries, the charge voltage reaches a peak at the completion of charge and subsequently drops, while with Sealed Lead Acid batteries, the charge voltage is maintained at the high level reached at the completion of charge and does not subsequently drop. Due to such differences, the overcharge voltage characteristics also differ greatly between the two types of batteries. Therefore, if the incorrect type of charge system is used, it will be impossible to match the charger to the batteries, thus leading to problems. The following is a summary of the basic charge methods for the two types of batteries. • For Ni-Cd batteries: Constant-current controlled charge system (Semi-constant-current charge system). • For Sealed Lead Acid batteries: Constant-voltage, constant-current control led charge system. (2) General Comparison of the Basic Charge Methods Batteries Constant-current Controlled Charge System Ni-Cd Batteries (Semi-constant-current Charge System) VB Sealed Lead Acid Batteries Suitable VB I ch VB VB I ch I ch I ch 0 t Constant-voltage, Constant-current Controlled Charge System 0 t Not Suitable Suitable VB CV VB CV I ch VB I ch I ch I ch 0 Charge Voltage Characteristics (Summary) VB t 0 t * The charge voltage of Ni-Cd batteries * The charge voltage of Sealed Lead reaches a peak at the completion of charge. Acid batter-ies rises sharply at the Subsequently, however, the battery completion of charge, and is subsequently temperature rises as a result of the maintained at a relatively high level. overcharge reaction, causing the charge voltage to drop. In addition, in comparison with Sealed Lead Acid batteries, the slope of the voltage at the completion of charge is relatively moderate. VB: Battery Voltage 1ch: Charge Current CV: Constant Voltage NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 21 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED Typical Examples of Devices and Charge Methods Recent trends in high-tech devices include smaller sizes, lighter weights, and thinner configurations, resulting in a demand for smaller, lighter, highercapacity Ni-Cd batteries for use in those devices. One of the most important points in order to take Device Portable VCR Rapid Charge Quick Charge Remarks Rapid Charge Quick Charge Notebook PC Remarks Rapid Charge Quick Charge Overnight Charge Cellular Phones and Digital Cordless Phones Remarks maximum advantage of the characteristics of Ni-Cd batteries is the charge method. The following is a list of some typical examples of devices and of the most commonly used charge methods. Charge Method -∆V cut off charge system, charge for 1 hour at 1 C mA Timer-control charge system, charge for 8 hours at 0.2 CmA Charge using a special charger -∆V cut off charge system, charge for 1 hour at 1CmA or 2 hours at 0.5CmA. Combination of a timer-control charge system and an temperature cutoff system, charge for 5 hours at 0.3 CmA * With this type of device, sometimes a special charger is used and sometimes the power supply (charger) is installed right into the device. In the latter case, the power supply capacity is determined by the amount of space available inside the device, and thus the charge time (charge rate) will be determined by that capacity. * If a timer-control charge system is used for this type of device, the timer may be frequently reset (charge re-started). In many cases the system is designed so that the timer is not started by the switching on/off of the power switch on the device, but only by the disconnection of the AC plug. -∆V cut off charge system, charge for 1 hour at 1 CmA Timer-control charge system, charge for 8 hours at 0.2 CmA Semi-constant-current charge system, charge for 15 hours at 0.1 CmA * Rapid chargers which use a car battery for the charge power supply are commercially available. If the product is destined for a market with a cold climate (for example, northern Europe) and charging at low temperatures is anticipated, a circuit is often added to provide a trickle charge at the beginning when the charge is started at a low temperature. The same type of measure is also used for charging at high temperatures. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 22 SEPTEMBER 1999 CHARGE METHODS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED Confirming the Charge Specifications In order to be able to fully display the characteristics of Ni-Cd batteries, it is important to confirm the specifications of the device. Below is a checklist of Charge Specification Checklist • Applicable batteries _________ • Number of cells used _________ • Charge power supply [ ] AC__________V [ ] DC car battery__________V [ ] Other __________ • Charge temperature °C to__ °C (Standard charge: 0°C to 45°C); (rapid charge: 10°C to 40°C) • Charge type [ ] Cycle use [ ] Standby use [ ] Other ___________________________ [ ] Semi-constant-current charge (non-controlled) • Charge current mA [ ] Trickle charge [ ] Timer-control charge hrs. • Timer time • Trickle current following timer control mA • Timer reset method [ ] When charge power supply is input [ ] When battery pack is loaded times/day • Reset frequency [ ] - ∆V cut-off charge • Constant-current power supply [ ] Yes [ ] No • Trickle current following - ∆V control [ ] Yes mA [ ] No • - ∆V value mV/cell • Charge mode switch (1) (See Fig. 7.) [ ] Yes ± V/cell [ ] No • Charge mode switch (2) (See Fig. 7.) [ ] Yes ± V/cell [ ] No • Initial charge current mA • Initial delay timer [ ] Yes min. [ ] No Two important points for obtaining maximum performance from Ni-Cd batteries (1) Select a type of battery suitable for the purpose. (2) Set the charge characteristics correctly. In particular, if the charge conditions are not appropriate, not only will the batteries not display their full performance potential, but the cycle life could be shortened, and in the points that need to be confirmed regarding the charge specifications. • Total timer [ ] Yes hrs. [ ] No • Battery temperature detection function (Detects the battery temperature and switches to trickle charge at beginning of charge.) [ ] Yes, low temperature °C [ ] Yes, high temperature °C [ ] No [ ] Absolute temperature cut-off charge ± °C • Control temperature • Trickle current following absolute temperature control [ ] Yes mA [ ] No • Temperature-detecting elements [ ] Thermistor B constant ± % R25°C kW± % • Manufacturer’s name __________ Model No. ________ [ ] Thermostat (bimetal type) ± °C • Operating temperature Manufacturer’s name __________ Model No. ________ [ ] Other temperature-detecting element Element name __________ Manufacturer’s name _________ Model No. _________ • Retention circuit following completion of charge [ ] Yes [ ] No • Total timer _________ [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Other rapid charge control system • Trickle current mA Summary of the rapid charge system operation extreme cases, electrolyte leakage could cause damage to the device in which the batteries are used. It is important to consult Panasonic from the initial stages of charger design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 23 SEPTEMBER 1999 SUMMARY SPECIFICATION TABLES Cycle Use Diameter Siz e IEC N N KR12/30 AAA AAA 1/3AA (2/3AA) (AA) AA AA L-AA 2/3A A 4/5A A 4/5SC (SC) SC SC (L-SC) C C D D Model Number P-18N/FT P-22AAA P-22AAAR/FT KR11/45 P-25AAA P-25AAAR/FT KR15/18 P-11AA/FT --P-30AAR/FT P-60AAR/FT --P-70AARC/FT P-80AAS/FT P-60AA P-70AA KR15/51 P-100AASJ P-100AASJ/FT P-110AAS/FT --P-120AAS/FT KR17/29 P-60AS P-110AS P-120AS KR17/43 P-130ASJ P-150AS P-140AS KR17/50 P-160AS P-120SCRJ KR23/34 P-120SCPJ P-130SCC --P-140SCC P-130SCR P-140SCR P-180SCR KR23/43 P-120SCPM P-170SCRP NEW P -200S C P --P-230SCS P-240C KR26/50 P-280CR P-440D KR33/62 P-500DR Nominal Type Voltage (V) N N R N R N R R R S N N S S S S S S S S S S S R P R R R R R P P P S N R N R 1.2 Discharge Capacity* Dimension w ith Tube (mm) Approx. Rated Weight Average (Min.) Diameter Height (g) (mAh) ** (mAh) 190 180 12.0 +0/-0.7 30.0 +0/-1.0 8 10 250 220 10 10.5 +0/-0.7 44.5 +0/-1.0 10 280 250 10 120 110 17.5 +0/-1.0 6.5 330 300 28.2 +0/-1.0 12 640 600 21 740 700 48.3 +0/-1.0 22 880 800 20 14.5 +0/-0.7 640 600 21 740 700 22 50.0 +0/-1.0 1,080 1,000 23 1,080 1,000 23 1,180 1,100 29 65.0 +0/-1.0 1,280 1,200 31 660 600 28.5 +0/-1.5 18 1,180 1,100 25 1,280 1,200 26 43.0 +0/-1.5 17.0 +0/-0.7 1,420 1,300 26.5 1,530 1,500 27 1,530 1,400 32 50.0 +0/-1.5 1,690 1,600 33 1,350 1,200 38 34.0 +0/-1.5 1,350 1,200 39 1,450 1,300 47 42.0 +0/-1.5 1,550 1,400 48 1,450 1,300 47 23.0 +0/-1.0 1,550 1,400 48 1,950 1,800 49 43.0 +0/-1.5 1,350 1,200 47 1,800 1,650 49 2,100 2,000 50.0 +0/-1.5 52 2,490 2,300 50.0 +0/-1.5 57 2,600 2,400 75 25.8 +0/-1.0 50.0 +0/-1.5 3,000 2,800 79 4,600 4,400 139 33.0 +0/-1.0 61.0 +0/-1.5 5,500 5,000 145 * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 24 SEPTEMBER 1999 SUMMARY SPECIFICATION TABLES - CONTINUED Stand-by Use H type: Most suitable for high temperature trickle charge D iameter AA A SC C D Siz e IEC 1/3AA (AA) (L-A) SC C D KR15/18 ----KR23/43 KR26/50 KR33/62 Model N umber P-11AAH/FT P-50AAH/FT P-120AH P-120SC H P-230C H P-400D H N ominal Voltage (V) 1.2 D ischarge C apacity* R ated Average (Min.) (mAh) ** (mAh) 120 110 580 500 1,250 1,100 1,350 1,200 2,500 2,300 4,400 4,000 D imension w ith Tube (mm) D iameter 14.5 +0/-0.7 17.0 23.0 25.8 33.0 +0/-0.7 +0/-1.0 +0/-1.0 +0/-1.0 H eight Approx. Weight (g) 17.5 +0/-1.0 48.3 +0/-1.0 67.0 +0/-1.5 43.0 +0/-1.5 50.0 +0/-1.5 61.0 +0/-1.5 6.5 21 43 48 78 139 K type: Most suitable for low temperature trickle charge Diameter Siz e IEC SC C D SC C D KR23/43 KR26/50 KR32/62 Model Number P-120SCK P-200CK P-400DK Nominal Voltage (V) 1.2 Discharge Capacity* Rated Average (Min.) (mAh) ** (mAh) 1,350 1,200 2,300 2,000 4,400 4,000 Dimension w ith Tube (mm) Diameter Height 23.0 +0/-1.0 25.8 +0/-1.0 33.0 +0/-1.0 43.0 +0/-1.5 50.0 +0/-1.5 61.0 +0/-1.5 Approx. Weight (g) 48 78 139 * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 25 SEPTEMBER 1999 STANDARD “N” TYPE Responding to the Technological Revolution with Consistent Reliability Summary Panasonic rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries feature a combination of superior positive and negative electrode plates made possible by our original electrode plate production process, allowing us to provide the highest levels of capacity and quality for each size. These Ni-Cd batteries also feature low internal resistance, excellent discharge performance, and reliable characteristics across a wide range of temperatures, and they have been carefully designed for safety and reliability. Ranging from compact sizes to large sizes, the standard “N” type is available in a wide selection of discharge capacities based on the standard sizes specified by the IEC. Battery Line-up (Standard “N” Type) Siz e N AAA 1/3AA AA C D Model N umber P-18N/FT P-22AAA P-25AAA P-11AA/FT P-60AA P-70AA P-240C P-440D Individual Specification P age # 40 P age # 41 P age # 43 P age # 45 P age # 50 P age # 51 P age # 73 P age # 75 NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 26 SEPTEMBER 1999 STANDARD “N” TYPE - CONTINUED Application Examples • • • Shavers, portable stereos, and portable CD players Printers, portable copy machines, and Word processors • Digital cordless phones, cellular phones, and wireless equipment Power tools, toys, and lights Characteristics Discharge Characteristics Discharge Characteristics 1.5 Voltage (V) 1.3 1.2 1.1 2C 1C 0.5C 1.0 120 Capacity Ratio (%) Battery : P-60AA Charge : 0.1C x15hrs. Temperature: 20˚C 1.4 80 20 40 60 80 100 120 : P-60AA : 0.1Cx15hrs. : Cut-off Voltage 1.0V 60 40 20 0 0 0.9 0 Battery Charge Discharge 100 140 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Discharge Rate (CmA) Discharge Time (Minutes) Temperature Characteristics Temperature Characteristics 1.5 Voltage (V) 1.3 : P-60AA : 20˚C, 0.1Cx15hrs. : 0.2C 20˚C 120 Capacity Ratio (%) Battery Charge Discharge 1.4 1.2 45˚C 1.1 1.0 0˚C -20˚C 0 20 40 60 80 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 -40 Discharge Temp.(Charge : 20˚C) Battery P-60AA Charge Temp.(Discharge: 20˚C) Charge : 0.1Cx15hrs. Discharge : 0.2C, Cut-off Voltage 1.0V -30 -20 -10 0 120 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Temperature (˚C) Capacity Ratio to Rated Capacity (%) Discharge Characteristics (Vs. Dry Battery) 1.6 0.8 1.4 20˚C 50 Capacity Test Condition Battery : P-60AA Charge : 0.1Cx15hrs. Discharge : 0.2C, Cut-off Voltage 1.0V Temperature: 20˚C 45˚C 0 0 1 2 3 4 Storage Time (months) 5 Voltage (V) Ni-Cd Batter y Dis charge Voltag e 0.6 1.2 1.0 Dry-cell Battery Internal Resistance 0.8 6 0.4 ry te ge at lta ll B e Vo ce y- arg Dr sch Di Capacity Ratio (%) 0˚C 1.0 Batteries : P-50AA Ni-Cd Battery and SUM-3 Dry-cell Battery Discharge : 100mA Temp. : 20˚C 100 Internal Resistance ( ) Self-discharge Characteristics 0.2 Ni-Cd Battery Internal Resistance 0 0.6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Discharge Time (hours) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 27 SEPTEMBER 1999 HIGH CAPACITY “S” TYPE High Capacity “S” Type Batteries for Today’s High-tech Devices Summary In addition to providing the increased capacity to meet the needs of today’s high-tech devices, the High Capacity SM120 and SM80 Series are also capable of rapid charge in approximately 1 hour. In particular, the SM120 Series features our highest energy den- sity, 200 Wh/ , of any Panasonic Ni-Cd batteries. With their exceptionally high reliability, these batteries can be used under a wide range of ambient temperatures, and they provide excellent cycle life characteristics. Application Examples • • • Portable VCR, Portable TVs Portable CD players Note book PC, Word processors, Portable Copy machines • Cellular phones, wireless equipment and digital Cordless phones Battery Line-up (High Capacity “S” Type) Siz e (AA) AA L-AA 2/3A 4/5A A L-SC Model Number P-80AAS/FT P-100AASJ P-100AASJ/FT P-110AAS/FT P-120AAS/FT P-60AS P-110AS P-120AS P-130ASJ P-150AS P-140AS P-160AS P-230SCS Individual Specification P age # 49 P age # 52 P age # 53 P age # 54 P age # 55 P age # 56 P age # 57 P age # 58 P age # 59 P age # 60 P age # 61 P age # 72 NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 28 SEPTEMBER 1999 HIGH CAPACITY “S” TYPE - CONTINUED Typical Discharge Characteristics of the SM60, SM80 and SM120 Series Typical Cycle Characteristics of the SM80 Series 2000 Voltage (V) 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 Previous type (P-70AR) SM60 SM80 SM120 Batter y : P130ASJX5cells Charge : 1.3A, - V control Discharge : 1.3A, Cut-off Voltage of 5V Temperature: 20˚C 1800 1600 Capacity (mAh) Size : 17.0 X 43.0mm Charge : 1CmA X 1.5h Discharge : 1CmA Temperature: 20˚C Previous type (P-70AR) 1400 1200 1000 0.8 800 600 400 200 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 0 100 Capacity (mAh) 1.2 1.0 0 300 600 900 1200 600 700 800 900 1000 Charge : 1CmA X 1.5hrs. Discharge : 1.3A Temperature: -20˚C 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 P-130ASJ (SM80) Capacity (mAh) 500 1.6 Voltage (V) Voltage (V) 1.4 P-120AS (SM60) 400 Comparison of the High-rate Discharge Characteristics of the SM80 and SM60 Series Charge : 1CmA X 1.5hrs. Discharge : 3.9A Temperature: 20˚C 0.8 300 Number of Cycles Comparison of the High-rate Discharge Characteristics of the SM80 and SM60 Series 1.6 200 P-120AS (SM60) 1500 0 100 P-130ASJ (SM80) 200 300 Capacity Index NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 29 SEPTEMBER 1999 RAPID CHARGE “R” TYPE Meeting Today’s Needs Summary Rapid Charge “R” type batteries can be charged at a current of 1 CmA, thus making rapid charge in approximately 1 hour possible. The positive and negative electrode plates and separator have been improved from Panasonic’s original technology, resulting in a higher level of reliability. For rapid charge, because it is necessary to suppress the rise in temperature at the completion of charge, the voltage and battery temperature during charge should be monitored in order to control the charge current. Battery Line-up (Rapid Charge “R” Type) Siz e AAA (2/3AA) (AA) 4/5SC (SC) SC C D Model Number P-22AAAR/FT P-25AAAR/FT P-30AAR/FT P-60AAR/FT P-70AARC/FT P-120SCRJ P-130SCC P-140SCC P-130SCR P-140SCR P-180SCR P-280CR P-500DR Individual Specification P age # 42 P age # 44 P age # 46 P age # 47 P age # 48 P age # 62 P age # 64 P age # 65 P age # 66 P age # 67 P age # 68 P age # 74 P age # 76 NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 30 SEPTEMBER 1999 RAPID CHARGE “R” TYPE - CONTINUED Application Examples • • Shavers Wireless equipment, Portable VCR, etc. Features Rapid Charge Characteristics Compared with the Standard Type 2.0 Rapid Charge Type Standard Type 60 Charge Voltage 1.6 50 Vent Operation 1.4 40 1.2 30 0.5 0.4 70 Temperature 1.0 Internal Pressure Temperature (˚C) 1.8 Voltage (V) Rapid Charge in Approximately 1 Hour A temperature detection system, which utilizes the battery temperature to control the charge current, is combined with a voltage-controlled charge system that charges at a large current until the battery is approximately fully charged. This makes it is possible to charge “R” type batteries in approximately 1 hour, with the battery displaying virtually 100% of its capacity. Internal Pressure (MPa) • 20 0.3 0.2 0.8 10 0.1 0.0 0.6 0 0.5 0 1.5 1.0 Charge Time (hours) • Long Cycle Life and Economical Combined with a correctly controlled charger, rapid charge “R” type batteries provide hundreds of charge/ discharge cycles, making them very economical. • Excellent Temperature Characteristics The charge efficiency is virtually unaffected by changes in temperature. Charge Acceptance Cycle Life 0˚C 120 C 20˚ C 45˚ 50 Charge : 1CmA Discharge : 0.2C Temperature: 20˚C 0 0 50 0˚C 20˚C Capacity Ratio (%) Capacity Ratio (%) 100 100 Charge (%) 150 100 80 45˚C 60 40 200 Battery : P-70AARC/FT Charge : 700mA (- V control) Discharge : 700mA, Cut-off voltage 1.0V/cell 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Number of Cycles NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 31 SEPTEMBER 1999 HIGH RATE DISCHARGE AND RAPID CHARGE “P” TYPE Optimum Discharge Characteristics for Ni-Cd Batteries Summary High Rate Discharge & Rapid Charge “P” type batteries were developed through an integration of Panasonic’s comprehensive Ni-Cd battery technology. Combined with the technology for rapid 1 hour charge established for “R” type batteries, improvements in the positive and negative electrode plates and in the collecting system have further lowered the internal resistance and greatly improved the 10-CmA discharge characteristics of these “P” type batteries. For rapid charge, because the rise in temperature at the completion of charge has to be suppressed, the voltage and battery temperature during charge should be monitored in order to control the charge current. Construction Cap (+) Safety Valve Insulation Gasket Positive Electrode Collector Terminal Insulation Ring Positive Electrode Collector Separator Positive Electrode Ends Negative Electrode Positive Electrode Case (-) Negative Electrode Ends Negative Electrode Collector Negative Electrode Collector Terminal Battery Line-up (High Rate Discharge and Rapid Charge “P” Type) Siz e 4/5SC SC NEW Model Number P-120SCPJ P-120SCPM P-170SCRP P-200SCP Individual Specification P age # 63 P age # 69 P age # 70 P age # 71 Application Examples • • • • Drills, screwdrivers, saws and other power tools Toys such as radio-controlled cars and airplanes Cordless vacuum cleaners Other applications requiring high-current discharge NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 32 SEPTEMBER 1999 HIGH RATE DISCHARGE AND RAPID CHARGE “P” TYPE - CONTINUED Features Excellent High-Current Discharge Characteristics High rate discharge & rapid charge “P” type batteries discharge a high-current of 30 A (approx. 25 CmA), which is about 1.5 times higher than Rapid Charge “R” type batteries. Discharge Characteristics 1.5 Charge : 1CmA x 1.5h Discharge : 30A Temperature : 20˚C 1.4 Voltage (V) • 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 P-130SCR 0.7 0 P-120SCPM 1.0 2.0 Discharge Time (minutes) Cycle Life Characteristics • Duration Time (minutes) Reliable, Long Cycle Life With conditions of charge at 1 CmA and discharge at 10 CmA, High rate discharge & rapid charge “P” type batteries provide hundreds of charge / discharge cycles, displaying reliable cycle life characteristics regarding both voltage characteristics and length of use. 6 4 Battery Charge Discharge : P-120SCPM : 1200mA (- V Control) : 0.1 (12A) Cut-off Voltage 0.8V Temperature : 20˚C 2 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Number of Cycles Rapid Charge Characteristics 2.0 70 Compared with the Standard Type Voltage (V) 1.8 Internal Pressure (MPa) Rapid Charge in Approximately 1 Hour By combining a temperature detection system which utilizes the battery temperature to control the charge current with a - ∆V cut-off charge system, it is possible to perform rapid charge in approximately 1 hour, with the battery displaying virtually 100% of its capacity. Rapid Charge Type Standard Type Charge Voltage 60 1.6 50 Vent Operation 1.4 40 1.2 30 Temperature 0.5 0.4 1.0 Internal Pressure 0.3 0.2 0.8 20 Temperature (˚C) • 10 0.1 0.0 0.6 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 Charge Time (hours) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 33 SEPTEMBER 1999 TRICKLE CHARGE “H” AND “K” TYPE Ensuring Safety in Emergencies Summary With standard type rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries, the smaller the charge current and the higher the charge temperature, the more difficult it is to charge the battery. However, for applications in which the batteries are charged continuously by a small current under relatively high-temperature conditions, such as guidance lights, emergency lights, and memory backup, there is a need for superior high temperature trickle charge performance. By combining Panasonic’s original electrode plates and electrolyte, high temperature trickle charge “H” type batteries are far superior to the standard type NiCd batteries for use in high temperature trickle charge applications. Furthermore, the use of a specially processed, highly alkaline-resistant, nonwoven fabric as a separator provides stable trickle charge life characteristics. Application Examples • Power supply for emergency lighting: Emergency lights and Guide lights • • Memory back-up Fire alarms (K type) Battery Line-up (Trickle Charge “H” and “K” Type) H Type: High Temperature Trickle Charge Siz e 1/3AA (AA) (L-A) SC C D Model Number P-11AAH/FT P-50AAH/FT P-120AH P-120SCH P-230CH P-400DH Individual Specification P age # 45 P age # 78 P age # 79 P age # 80 P age # 81 P age # 82 K Type: Low Temperature Trickle Charge Siz e SC C D Model Number P-120SCK P-200CK P-400DK Individual Specification P age # 83 P age # 84 P age # 85 NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 34 SEPTEMBER 1999 TRICKLE CHARGE “H” AND “K” TYPE - CONTINUED Features Excellent high temperature, trickle charge performance For emergency lighting batteries, the continuous discharge time at a discharge current of 1 CmA until a final discharge voltage of 1.1 V is specified as 37 minutes or longer in an ambient temperature range of 5°C to 45°C after being charged to a level of 160% by a charge current of 0.033 CmA. Under these conditions, “H” type batteries have a capacity that is approximately 1.5 times larger than that of the standard type Ni-Cd batteries. The discharge characteristics remain flat across a wide range of temperatures. Trickle Charge Characteristics Discharge Temperature Characteristics 120 1.6 "H" Type P-120AH Battery Charge Discharge 1.5 Voltage (V) Capacity Ratio (%) 100 80 60 1.4 1.3 : P-230CH : 75mA(0.033C) x 48hrs. : 2300mA(1CmA) 45˚C 20˚C 1.2 1.1 1.0 40 Battery Charge Discharge 20 0 -10 0 10 20 30 : P-120AH : 40mAx48hrs. : 1200mA Cut-off Voltage 1.1V 40 50 60 0˚C 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Discharge Time (minutes) 70 Ambient Temperature (˚C) Trickle Charge Characteristics (1) Trickle Charge Characteristics (2) Guidance Lights Emergency Lights 30 30 37 Minutes or Longer 20 0 Battery Charge Discharge 0 10 20 : P-230CH : 75mA(0.033C) x 48hrs. : 2300mA(1C) Cut-off Voltage 1.1V 30 40 Temperature (˚C) 50 Duration Time (minutes) Duration Time (minutes) 60 25 Minutes or Longer 20 10 0 Battery Charge Discharge 0 10 20 30 : P-230CH : 92mA(0.04C) x 24hrs. : 2300mA(1C) Cut-off Voltage 1.1V 40 50 Temperature (˚C) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 35 SEPTEMBER 1999 TRICKLE CHARGE “H” AND “K” TYPE - CONTINUED • Long Service Life and High Reliability Because high temperature trickle charge “H” type batteries rarely discharge except in the event of an interruption in the power supply, the service life is represented as usage time rather than the number of charge/discharge cycles. The service life during trickle charge is affected by the ambient temperature, the charge current, the discharge frequency, and amount of discharge. The following are typical examples of the service life characteristics. 50 Ambient Temperature (˚C) Capacity Ratio (%) 100 80 60 40 Battery Charge 20 Discharge Temp. 0 1 : : : : P-400DH 0.033Cx1 Month 1C Cut-off Voltage 1.1V 20˚C 2 3 4 5 0.1C 30 20 6 0.033C 40 7 0 Usage Time (years) 0.05C Battery Charge Discharge Temp. : P-400DH : Each Rate x 1 Month : 1C Cut-off Voltage 1.1V : Each Temperature 10 20 35 40 50 100 Service Life (%) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 36 SEPTEMBER 1999 BATTERY SELECTION The steps for selecting the type of battery for use as the power supply of a device are shown below. • Study of the Proposed Required Specifications Verify the battery specifications required for the power supply of the device and use those conditions as the standards for battery selection. For reference, the technological factors concerning battery selection are shown below. • Battery Selection Using the catalogs and data sheets for the batteries currently produced and marketed, narrow down the number of candidates to a few battery types. From those candidates, select the one battery that most closely satisfies the ideal conditions required. In actual practice, the selection of a battery is rarely completed as easily as this. In most cases it is necessary to consider eliminating or relaxing some of the proposed specifications, and then select the most suitable battery from among those currently available to meet the adjusted conditions. This process makes it possible to select more economical batteries. If you have any doubts at this stage, consult closely with a battery engineer. In some cases, newly improved or newly developed batteries that are not yet listed in the catalog may be available. Normally, the required specifications are also finalized at this stage. Technological Factors Concerning Battery Selection Electrical Characteristics Voltage range _______V max _______ V min Load pattern Continuous load _________________mA(max.) _________________mA(av.) _________________mA(min.) Intermittent load or pulse load mA(max.)_________________ mA(av.)___________________ mA(min.)_________________ Intermittent time conditions Operating time:_____________ Stopped time:______________ Charge Conditions · Rapid charge · Trickle float charge · Charge time · Charge temperature and atmosphere Temperature and Humidity Conditions Temperature and humidity during use _______˚Cmax _______˚Cmin _______%max _______%min Temperature and humidity during storage _______˚Cmax _______˚Cmin _______%max _______%min Battery Life Usage Life Storage period Dimensions, Weight, and Shape Outer diameter (mm) ___ max Height (mm) __________ max Length (mm) __________ max Width (mm) ___________ max Weight (g) _____________ av Terminal shape ____________ Other Atmospheric pressure Mechanical conditions Safety Interchangeability Marketability Price Selection of the Battery NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 37 SEPTEMBER 1999 BATTERY SELECTION - CONTINUED Battery Selection Charts 1. Fig.1 shows the data for Standard “N” type, Rapid charge “R” type, High capacity “S” type, and High rate discharge & rapid charge “P” type batteries, and Fig. 2 shows the data for High temperature trickle charge “H” type batteries. For further details, refer to the individual data sheets for each battery model. 2. Set conditions: Discharge current (vertical axis) and discharge time (horizontal axis). 3. Determination of the battery type: Use the battery for which the plotted curve is above and closest to the point of the set conditions. Example: For a discharge current of lA and a discharge time of 1 hour. Battery: Use P-120SCRJ, which is between l00C and 120SCRJ (marked in Fig. 1). Fig.1 10 Charge : 0.1CmAx15hrs. Discharge : Cut-off Voltage 1.0V Temperature: 20˚C 8 6 A 4 24 2 14 0S CR /14 13 0S 0A 0C 50 0D R 44 0D CC 20 SJ 13 1 12 800 0S CR CR J, 1 Discharge Current 0S 0S 28 CP /13 18 0S 20 600 0C 0S CC R CR SC 14 PJ 0A S 10 400 12 0A AS T AA ,7 60 AR ,6 CS CR P 20 AA 15 S/F 0A T S 0A AA 0S 0S S, 1 J/F 70 23 17 0A 0A C/ FT /FT ,6 0 AR 200 AS 30 AA mA R/ FT AA A, 25 A 25 100 22 AA AA R/ A, FT 18 N/ 22AA FT AR /FT 80 60 11 AA /FT 40 20 10 10 20 40 1 1.5 (min) 2 4 6 8 10 (h) Continuous Discharge Time NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 38 SEPTEMBER 1999 BATTERY SELECTION - CONTINUED For use under high temperature conditions, High temperature trickle charge “H” type batteries are recommended. Fig. 2 (The Data for the Standard “N” Type is Also Shown for Comparison.) 10 Charge : 1/30CmAx48hrs. Discharge : Cut-off Voltage 1.1V Temperature : 45˚C 8 6 A 4 2 40 23 0C 44 H 1 0D 0D H * Discharge Current 800 600 12 0S CH ,1 400 50 200 50 mA AA AA H/ 20 AH FT * 100 80 60 11 40 AA H/ FT 20 10 10 20 40 1 1.5 (min) 2 4 6 8 10 (h) Continuous Discharge Time * : Standard "N" Type NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 39 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-18N/FT N size (KR12/30) Type: N Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 18mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 +0 0.7 12.0 - (+) 0˚C 20˚C 45˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 30.0 +- 01.0 1.8 Voltage (V) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Charge : 45mA(0.25C)x 6hrs. 1.7 ( ) 12.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 30.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 8g 1.6 0˚C 20˚C 45˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Charge Time (hours) Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Average** 190mAh Rated (Min.) 180mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 24mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 18mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Short Time 45mA (0.25C)x 6hrs. Max Charge 9mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Current Min 6mA (0.033C)x 45h and over Current Ambient Temperature Standard Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 Discharge 36mA (0.2C) 0.9 0°C to 45°C Charge Short Time Charge : 18mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage 0 1 2 10°C to 45°C 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage 1.7 Charge : 18mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C Discharge Temperature : 20˚C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Voltage (V) 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 360mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 180mA (1C) 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 40 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-22AAA AAA size (KR11/45) Type: N Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 22mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 10.5 +- 00.7 (+ ) 0˚C 20˚C 45˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 44.5 +- 01.0 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 22mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) ( ) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 10.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 44.5 +0 / -1.0 mm 10g 44mA (0.2C) 0.9 0.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Average** 250mAh Rated (Min.) 180mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 18mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 22mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Short Time 73mA (0.33C)x 4.5hrs. Max Charge 11mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Current Min 7mA (0.033C)x 45h and over Current 1.7 Charge : 22mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0 Standard 0°C to 45°C Ambient Temperature Charge Short Time Discharge 220mA (1C) 440mA (2C) 0.9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) 10°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 41 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-22AAAR/FT AAA size (KR11/45) Type: R Dimensions (with tube) Typical Charge Characteristics (mm) 1.8 Charge : 22mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 10.5 +- 00.7 (+) 0˚C 20˚C 45˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 44.5 +- 01.0 1.8 Charge : 220mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 ( ) 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 20 0 40 Specifications Nominal Voltage 10.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 44.5 +0 / -1.0 mm 10g 80 100 120 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.2V Average** 250mAh Rated (Min.) 220mAh Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 45°C Charge : 22mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 44mA (0.2C) 0.9 0.8 Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 18mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 22mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Rapid*** 220mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Max Charge 11mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Current Min 7mA (0.033C)x 45h and over Current 1.7 Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Capacity* 60 Charge Time (minutes) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Discharge 1.7 < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 22mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 -20°C to 65°C Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 220mA (1C) 440mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 42 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-25AAA AAA size (KR11/45) Type: N Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 25mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 10.5 +- 00.7 (+ ) 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 44.5 +- 01.0 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 25mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Specifications 50mA (0.2C) 0.9 Nominal Voltage 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) 1.2V Average** 280mAh Rated (Min.) 250mAh 1.7 Charge : 25mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 17mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 25mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Short Time 83mA (0.33C)x 4.5hrs. Max Charge 13mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Current Min 8mA (0.033C)x 45h and over Current Standard 0.8 10.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 44.5 +0 / -1.0 mm 10g Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Capacity* Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 250mA (1C) 500mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) 0°C to 45°C Ambient Temperature Charge Short Time Discharge 10°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 43 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-25AAAR/FT AAA size (KR11/45) Type: R Dimensions (with tube) Typical Charge Characteristics (mm) 1.8 Charge : 25mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 10.5 +- 00.7 (+ ) 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 44.5 +- 01.0 1.8 Charge : 250mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 ( ) 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Specifications 0.9 0 Diameter Height Approximate Weight 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) 10.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 44.5 +0 / -1.0 mm 10g Typical Discharge Characteristics Average** Discharge Capacity* Rated (Min.) Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 1.2V 1.7 280mAh 1.6 250mAh 17mΩ 25mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 250mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 45°C Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 50mA (0.2C) 0.9 0.8 Charge Ambient Temperature Charge : 25mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C Discharge 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage 1.7 Charge : 25mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Voltage (V) 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 250mA (1C) 500mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 44 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-11AA/FT 1/3AA size (KR15/18) Type: N Dimensions (with tube) Typical Charge Characteristics (mm) 1.8 Charge : 11mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 0˚C 20˚C 50˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 +0 0.7 14.5 - 0.9 0 2 4 (+) 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 17.5 +- 01.0 1.8 ( ) Charge : 27.5mA(0.25C)x 6hrs. 10˚C 20˚C 45˚C Voltage (V) 1.7 Specifications 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 17.5 +0 / -1.0 mm 6.5g 1.2V Average** 120mAh Rated (Min.) 110mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 50mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 11mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Rapid*** 27.5mA (0.25C)x 6hrs. Max Charge 5.5mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Current Min 3.7mA (0.033C)x 45h and over Current Standard 0.9 0 1 2 < 2 years 6 7 8 9 Charge : 11mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 22mA (0.2C) 1.1 11mA (0.1C) 1.0 0.9 0.8 0 2 4 0°C to 50°C 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Discharge Time (hours) 10°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C 1.7 -20°C to 35°C Storage Charge : 11mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 < 6 months 5 1.7 -20°C to 45°C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Discharge 4 Typical Discharge Characteristics Charge Rapid 3 Charge Time (hours) Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 220mA (2C) 1.1 110mA (1C) 55mA (0.5C) 1.0 0.9 0.8 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 45 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-30AAR/FT 2/3AA size Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 30mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 14.5 +- 00.7 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 (+) 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 28.2 +- 01.0 1.8 Charge : 300mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 ( ) 0˚C 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 Specifications 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 28.2 +0 / -1.0 mm 12g 1.2V Average** 330mAh Rated (Min.) 300mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 20mΩ 30mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 300mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 0.9 20 40 80 100 120 1.7 Charge : 30mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 -20°C to 65°C 30mA (0.1C) 60mA (0.2C) 1.0 Discharge 60 Typical Discharge Characteristics Charge 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Discharge Time (hours) < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. 1.7 Charge : 30mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature 0 Charge Time (minutes) Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 600mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 20 40 300mA (1C) 60 150mA (0.5C) 80 100 120 140 160 180 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 46 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-60AAR/FT AA size Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 60mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 14.5 +- 00.7 (+) 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 48.3 +- 01.0 1.8 Charge : 600mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 20 40 Specifications 60 Nominal Voltage 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 48.3 +0 / -1.0 mm 21g 120 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 1.2V Charge : 60mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C Average** 640mAh Rated (Min.) 600mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Standard 15mΩ Voltage (V) 1.6 Rapid Discharge < 2 years Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 60mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 600mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.0 0°C to 45°C 0.8 120mA (0.2C) 0.9 Charge 0 2 4 6 60mA (0.1C) 8 10°C to 40°C 12 14 16 18 -20°C to 65°C -20°C to 35°C 1.7 Storage Charge : 60mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 < 6 months 10 Discharge Time (hours) -20°C to 45°C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature 100 Charge Time (minutes) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Capacity* 80 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1200mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 20 40 600mA (1C) 60 300mA (0.5C) 80 100 120 140 160 180 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 47 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-70AARC/FT AA size Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 70mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 +0 0.7 14.5 - (+) 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 48.3 +- 01.0 1.8 Charge : 700mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 10˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Specifications Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 48.3 +0 / -1.0 mm 22g 1.2V Average** 740mAh Rated (Min.) 700mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Standard Typical Discharge Characteristics 13mΩ 1.7 Charge : 70mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight 70mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 700mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 140mA (0.2C) 0.9 0.8 0°C to 45°C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Rapid Discharge 10°C to 40°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C 1.7 Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 70mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 700mA (1C) 1400mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 48 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-80AAS/FT AA size Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 80mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 14.5 +- 00.7 (+) 0˚C 20˚C 45˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 48.3 +- 01.0 1.8 Charge : 800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 ( ) 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 20 40 Specifications Nominal Voltage 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 48.3 +0 / -1.0 mm 20g 100 120 880mAh Rated (Min.) 800mAh Standard 1.7 1.2V Average** Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 18mΩ Rapid Discharge Charge : 800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 80mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 800mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.0 0°C to 45°C 0.8 160mA (0.2C) 0.9 0 Charge 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) 10°C to 40°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage 1.7 * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature 80 Typical Discharge Characteristics Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Capacity* 60 Charge Time (minutes) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 800mA (1C) 1600mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 49 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-60AA AA size (KR15/51) Type: N Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 60mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 14.5 +- 00.7 0˚C 20˚C 45˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 (+) 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) Typical Discharge Characteristics 50.0 +- 01.0 1.7 Charge : 60mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 120mA (0.2C) 0.9 Specifications 0.8 Diameter Height Approximate Weight 0 2 4 6 60mA (0.1C) 8 10 12 14 16 18 Discharge Time (hours) 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 21g 1.7 Nominal Voltage 1.6 Average** 640mAh 1.5 Rated (Min.) 600mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 15mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 60mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Short Time 200mA (0.33C)x 4.5hrs. Max Charge 30mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Current Min 20mA (0.033C)x 45h and over Current Standard Voltage (V) Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Charge : 60mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1200mA (2C) 0.9 300mA (0.5C) 600mA (1C) 0.8 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Discharge Time (minutes) 0°C to 45°C Ambient Temperature Charge Short Time Discharge 10°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 50 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-70AA AA size (KR15/51) Type: N Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 70mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 14.5 +- 00.7 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 (+) 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 50.0 +- 01.0 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 70mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 140mA (0.2C) 0.9 Specifications 0.8 0 Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 2 740mAh Rated (Min.) 700mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 13mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 70mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Short Time 233mA (0.33C)x 4.5hrs. Max Charge 35mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Current Min 23mA (0.033C)x 45h and over Current 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) 1.2V Average** Standard 1 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 22g 1.7 Charge : 70mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 700mA (1C) 1400mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) 0°C to 45°C Ambient Temperature Charge Short Time Discharge 10°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 51 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-100AASJ P-100AASJ/FT Typical Charge Characteristics AA size (KR15/51) Type: S 1.8 Dimensions (with tube) (mm) Charge : 100mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 14.5 +- 00.7 (+) 0˚C 20˚C 45˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 (+) 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) P-100AASJ P-100AASJ/FT 1.8 50.0 +- 01.0 Charge : 1000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 ( ) ( ) 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Specifications Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 1080mAh Rated (Min.) 1000mAh Standard Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.2V Average** Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 17mΩ 1.7 Charge : 1000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 100mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1000mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 200mA (0.2C) 0.9 0.8 0°C to 45°C 0 1 2 Charge 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Rapid Discharge 10°C to 40°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C 1.7 Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 1000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 23g Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 2000mA (2C) 0.9 1000mA (1C) 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 52 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-110AAS/FT L-AA size Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1100mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 14.5 +- 00.7 (+) 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) 65.0 +- 01.0 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 1100mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 220mA (0.2C) 550mA (0.5C) 0.9 ( ) 0.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 65.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 29g 1.7 Charge : 1100mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Average** Discharge Capacity* Rated (Min.) Ambient Temperature Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 1.2V 1180mAh 1100mAh 14mΩ 110mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1100mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C Voltage (V) 1.6 Nominal Voltage Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1100mA (1C) 2200mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) Charge Discharge -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 53 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-120AAS/FT L-AA size Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 +0 0.7 14.5 - (+) 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) 65.0 +- 01.0 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 240mA (0.2C) 600mA (0.5C) 0.9 ( ) 0.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 65.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 31g 1.7 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Voltage (V) 1.6 1.4 1.3 Average** 1280mAh Rated (Min.) 1200mAh 1.1 16mΩ 0.9 Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 120mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1200mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.2 1.0 2400mA (2C) 1200mA (1C) 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 54 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-60AS 2/3A size (KR17/29) Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 600mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 17.0 +- 00.7 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) (+) Typical Discharge Characteristics 28.5 +- 01.5 1.7 Charge : 600mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 300mA (0.5C) 0.9 Specifications 0.8 Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage 0 1 2 3 120mA (0.2C) 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) 17.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 28.5 +0 / -1.5 mm 18g 1.2V 1.7 660mAh Rated (Min.) 600mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 25mΩ 60mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 600mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Charge : 600mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Discharge Capacity* Average** Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1200mA (2C) 0.9 Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C Ambient Temperature Charge 0.8 0 Discharge 600mA (1C) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 55 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-110AS 4/5A size (KR17/43) Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1100mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 1.5 10˚C 20˚C 1.4 40˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 +0 0.7 17.0 - 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 (+ ) 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) 43.0 +- 01.5 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 1100mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 220mA (0.2C) 550mA (0.5C) 1.0 0.9 Specifications 0.8 0 Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) 17.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 25g 1.2V 1.7 1180mAh Rated (Min.) 1100mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 14mΩ 110mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1100mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Charge : 1100mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Discharge Capacity* Average** Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 2200mA (2C) 1.0 1100mA (1C) 0.9 Ambient Temperature Standard 0°C to 45°C Charge 0.8 0 Rapid Discharge 10°C to 40°C 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 56 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-120AS 4/5A size (KR17/43) Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 10˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 17.0 +- 00.7 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 (+ ) 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) 43.0 +- 01.5 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 600mA (0.5C) 0.9 Specifications 0.8 Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage 0 1 2 3 240mA (0.2C) 4 Rated (Min.) 1200mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Standard 16mΩ 120mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1200mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 0°C to 45°C Ambient Temperature Charge Rapid Discharge 10°C to 40°C Voltage (V) Discharge Capacity* 7 8 9 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 1280mAh 6 1.7 1.2V Average** 5 Discharge Time (hours) 17.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 26g Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 2400mA (2C) 0.9 1200mA (1C) 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 57 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-130ASJ 4/5A size (KR17/43) Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1300mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 17.0 +- 00.7 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 (+ ) 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) 43.0 +- 01.5 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 1300mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 260mA (0.2C) 0.9 Specifications 0.8 0 Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) 17.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 26.5g 1.2V 1.7 Average** 1420mAh Rated (Min.) 1300mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 14mΩ 150mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1500mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge Charge : 1300mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Discharge Capacity* Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 3900mA (3C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 1300mA (1C) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 58 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-150AS 4/5A size (KR17/43) Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1500mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 17.0 +- 00.7 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 (+ ) 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) 43.0 +- 01.5 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 1500mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 300mA (0.2C) 0.9 Specifications 0.8 0 Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage 1 2 3 4 1.7 1.2V 1530mAh Rated (Min.) 1500mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 14mΩ Ambient Temperature 9 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Standard 0°C to 45°C 0.8 Rapid 10°C to 40°C Discharge 8 1.4 150mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1500mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Charge 7 1.5 Voltage (V) Discharge Capacity* 6 Charge : 1500mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Average** 5 Discharge Time (hours) 17.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 27g 1500mA (1C) 4500mA (3C) 0.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (min) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 59 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-140AS A size (KR17/50) Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1400mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 17.0 +- 00.7 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 (+ ) 1.0 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 50.0 +- 01.5 1.7 Charge : 1400mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 Nominal Voltage Ambient Temperature 2 3 4 Rated (Min.) 1400mAh 14mΩ 140mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1400mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 6 7 8 9 Charge : 1400mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1400mA (1C) 2800mA (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 Charge 5 1.7 1.6 1530mAh Discharge 1 280mA (0.2C) Discharge Time (hours) 1.2V Average** Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 0 17.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 32g Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Capacity* 700mA (0.5C) 0.9 Specifications 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 60 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-160AS A size (KR17/50) Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1600mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 17.0 +- 00.7 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 (+ ) 1.0 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 50.0 +- 01.5 1.7 Charge : 1600mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 ( ) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 Nominal Voltage 1690mAh Rated (Min.) 1600mAh 14mΩ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Charge : 1600mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Standard 0°C to 45°C 0.8 Rapid 10°C to 40°C Charge Ambient Temperature 2 1.7 160mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1600mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Discharge 1 Discharge Time (hours) 1.2V Average** Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 0 17.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 33g Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Capacity* 320mA (0.2C) 0.9 Specifications 1600mA (1C) 4800mA (3C) 0.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 61 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-120SCRJ 4/5SC size (KR23/34) Type: R Dimensions (with tube) Typical Charge Characteristics (mm) 1.8 Charge : 120mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 1.6 0˚C 20˚C 45˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 23.0 +- 01.0 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) (+) Typical Discharge Characteristics 34.0 +- 01.5 100 Charge: 120mA(0.1C)x15hrs..,20˚C Discharge: Cut-off voltage 0.8V Discharge Temperature.:20˚C Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 34.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 38g 1.2V Average** 1350mAh Rated (Min.) 1200mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Discharge Time (minutes) ( ) Ambient Temperature 1 5mΩ 120mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1200mA (1C)x 1.5hrs Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 0.1 Charge Discharge 10 1 10 100 Discharge Current(A) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage 1.7 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 0.24A 1.3 1.2A 1.2 1.1 10A 1.0 2.0A 0.9 20A 0.8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Discharge Capacity (mAh) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 62 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-120SCPJ 4/5SC size (KR23/34) Type: P Dimensions (with tube) Typical Charge Characteristics (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 23.0 +- 01.0 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) (+) Typical Discharge Characteristics 34.0 +- 01.5 100 Charge: 1200mA(0.1C)x15hrs., 20˚C Discharge: Cut-off voltage 0.8V Discharge Temperature.:20˚C Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 34.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 39g 1.2V Average** 1350mAh Rated (Min.) 1200mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Discharge Time (minutes) ( ) 10 1 5mΩ 120mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1200mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 0.1 Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 1 10 -20°C to 65°C 1.7 < 2 years -20°C to 35°C Storage < 6 months -20°C to 45°C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Discharge 100 Discharge Current(A) Charge Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 0.24A 1.2A 1.4 2.0A 1.3 10A 1.2 1.1 1.0 30A 0.9 20A 0.8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Discharge Capacity (mAh) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 63 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-130SCC (SC) size Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1300mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 23.0 +- 01.0 1.0 0.9 ( +) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 42.0 +- 01.5 100 Charge: 1300mA(1C)x1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge: Cut-off voltage 0.8V Discharge Temperature:20˚C Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Average** 1450mAh Rated (Min.) 1300mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Ambient Temperature 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 42.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 47g Discharge Time (minutes) ( ) 10 1 6mΩ 130mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1300mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 0.1 1 10 Charge Discharge 100 Discharge Current(A) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C 1.7 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 Voltage (V) * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 1300mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Storage 1.4 3.9A 1.3 1.3A 1.2 0.26A 1.1 7.8A 1.0 13A 0.9 0.8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Discharge Capacity (mAh) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 64 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-140SCC (SC) size Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1400mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 1.6 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 23.0 +- 01.0 1.0 0.9 (+) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 42.0 +- 01.5 100 Charge: 1400mA(1C)x1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge: Cut-off voltage 0.8V Discharge Temperature:20˚C ( ) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 42.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 48g 1.2V Average** 1550mAh Rated (Min.) 1400mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Discharge Time (minutes) 10 6mΩ 140mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1400mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 0.1 1 10 100 Discharge Current(A) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C 1.7 Storage Charge : 1400mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge 1 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 0.28A 1.4A 4.2A 1.3 1.2 1.1 8.4A 1.0 10A 0.9 0.8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Discharge Capacity (mAh) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 65 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-130SCR SC size (KR23/43) Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1300mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 23.0 +- 01.0 1.0 0.9 0 ( +) 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 43.0 +- 01.5 100 Charge: 1300mA(1C)x1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge: Cut-off voltage 0.8V Discharge Temperature:20˚C Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 47g 1.2V Average** 1450mAh Rated (Min.) 1300mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Standard Discharge Time (minutes) ( ) 10 1 6mΩ 130mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1300mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 0.1 0°C to 45°C 1 10 100 Discharge Current(A) Rapid Discharge 10°C to 40°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C 1.7 * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 1300mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Storage Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 3.9A 1.3 1.3A 1.2 0.26A 1.1 7.8A 1.0 13A 0.9 0.8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Discharge Capacity (mAh) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 66 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-140SCR SC size (KR23/43) Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1400mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 23.0 +- 01.0 1.0 0.9 (+) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 43.0 +- 01.5 100 Charge: 1400mA(1C)x1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge: Cut-off voltage 0.8V Discharge Temperature:20˚C Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 48g 1.2V Average** 1550mAh Rated (Min.) 1400mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Discharge Time (minutes) ( ) 1 6mΩ 140mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1400mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 0.1 Charge 1 Discharge 10 100 Discharge Current(A) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C 1.7 Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 1400mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature 10 1.4 0.28A 1.4A 1.3 4.2A 1.2 1.1 8.4A 1.0 10A 0.9 0.8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Discharge Capacity (mAh) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 67 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-180SCR SC size (KR23/43) Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 +0 1.0 23.0 - 1.0 0.9 ( +) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) 120 43.0 +- 01.5 Discharge temperature characteristics 100 Charge temperature characteristics Capacity Ratio (%) 80 ( ) Specifications Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 49g 1950mAh Rated (Min.) 1800mAh 180mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1800mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C Charge Ambient Temperature Discharge : 1800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. Charge : 360mA(0.2C), Cut-off voltage 1.0V 20 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Temperature (˚C) Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 5mΩ Standard Discharge 40 1.2V Average** Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Discharge : 20˚C Charge : 20˚C 0 -20°C to 65°C Charge : 1800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight 60 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 0.36A 1.3 1.8A 1.2 1.1 10A 1.0 0.8 0 < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C 5.4A 0.9 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 Discharge Capacity (mAh) Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 68 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-120SCPM SC size (KR23/43) Type: P (mm) Voltage (V) Dimensions (with tube) Typical Charge Characteristics +0 1.0 23.0 - 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 (+) 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 43.0 +- 01.5 100 Charge: 1200mA(1C)x1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge: Cut-off voltage 0.8V Discharge Temperature:20˚C Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 47g 10 1 1.2V Average** 1350mAh Rated (Min.) 1200mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Discharge Time (minutes) ( ) 5mΩ 120mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1200mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 0.1 1 10 -20°C to 65°C 1.7 < 2 years -20°C to 35°C Storage < 6 months -20°C to 45°C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 1200mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge 100 Discharge Current(A) Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 3.6A 1.1 7.2A 12A 1.0 1.2A 0.9 30A 0.8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Discharge Capacity (mAh) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 69 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-170SCRP SC size (KR23/43) Type: P Dimensions (with tube) Typical Charge Characteristics (mm) 1.8 Charge : 1700mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 23.0 +- 01.0 1.0 0.9 0 ( +) 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 43.0 +- 01.5 100 Charge: 1700mA(1C)x1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge: Cut-off voltage 0.8V Discharge Temperature:20˚C Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 49g 10 1 1.2V Average** 1800mAh Rated (Min.) 1650mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Discharge Time (minutes) ( ) 4mΩ 170mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 1700mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 0.1 1 Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 10 < 2 years -20°C to 65°C 1.7 Charge : 1700mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 -20°C to 35°C Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 Storage < 6 months -20°C to 45°C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge 100 Discharge Current(A) 1.4 0.34A 1.7A 1.3 1.2 5.1A 1.1 1.0 10A 0.9 20A 30A 0.8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Discharge Capacity (mAh) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 70 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS NEW Typical Charge Characteristics P-200SCP SC size (KR23/43) Type: P Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 2000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 23.0 +- 01.0 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 (+) 30 60 90 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 43.0 +- 01.5 1.7 Charge : 2000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C˚ Voltage (V) 1.5 ( ) 1.4 1.3 0.2C 1.2 1.1 1C 1.0 0.9 0.8 Specifications 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 Discharge Capacity (mAh) Diameter Height Approximate Weight 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 52g 1.5 Nominal Voltage Charge : 2000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.4 1.2V Discharge Temperature : 20˚C Discharge Capacity* Average** 2100mAh Rated (Min.) 2000mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 5mΩ 200mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 2000mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C Charge Ambient Temperature 1.2 1.1 1.0 10A(5C) 0.9 20A(10C) 30A(15C) 0.8 Standard Discharge Voltage (V) 1.3 0.7 0.6 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Discharge Capacity (mAh) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 71 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-230SCS L-SC size Type: S Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Voltage (V) 1.7 10˚C 1.6 20˚C 1.5 40˚C 1.4 1.3 Charge : 2000mAx 1.6hrs. 1.2 1.1 +0 1.0 23.0 - 1.0 0.9 ( +) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics +0 1.5 50.0 - 1.7 Charge : 2000mA(1C)x 1.6hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 ( ) 1150mA (0.5C) 0.9 0.8 0 1 2 3 460mA (0.2C) 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 57g 1.7 Charge : 2000mA(1C)x 1.6hrs., 20˚C Average** Discharge Capacity* Rated (Min.) Ambient Temperature Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 1.2V 2490mAh 2300mAh 14mΩ Voltage (V) 1.6 Nominal Voltage Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 40°C 2300mA (1C) 4600mA (2C) 0.9 230mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 2300mA (1C) 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) Charge Discharge -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 72 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-240C C size (KR26/50) Type: N Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 240mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 +0 1.0 25.8 - 1.0 0.9 ( +) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 Charge Time (hours) 1.8 50.0 +- 01.5 Charge : 800mA(0.33C)x 4.5hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 10˚C 20˚C 1.6 1.5 45˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Charge Time (hours) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 25.8 +0 / -1.0 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 75g Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Average** 2600mAh Rated (Min.) 2400mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Short Time Max Charge Current Min Current Standard 5mΩ 240mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 800mA (0.33C) x 4.5hrs. 120mA (0.05C)x 30hrs. and over 80mA (0.033C)x 45hrs. and over Charge : 800mA(0.33C)x 4.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 7200mA 4800mA (3C) (2C) 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 2400mA (1C) 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) 0°C to 45°C Ambient Temperature Charge Short Time Discharge 10°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 73 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-280CR C size (KR26/50) Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 2800mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 +0 1.0 25.8 - 1.0 0.9 (+) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) Typical Discharge Characteristics 50.0 +- 01.5 1.7 Charge : 2800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Voltage (V) 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 ( ) 560mA (0.2C) 1400mA (0.5C) 0.9 0.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 25.8 +0 / -1.0 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 79g 1.7 Charge : 2800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Average** 3000mAh Rated (Min.) 2800mAh Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** Voltage (V) 1.6 Rapid 10°C to 40°C 1.2 1.1 5600mA (2C) 0.9 280mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 2800mA (1C)x 1.5hrs. 0°C to 45°C 1.4 1.3 1.0 4mΩ Standard Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 2800mA (1C) 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) Discharge -20°C to 65°C 1.7 < 2 years Storage < 6 months -20°C to 45°C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. Charge : 2800mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C 1.6 -20°C to 35°C Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 8400mA (3C) 1400mA (5C) 0.9 0.8 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 74 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-440D D size (KR33/62) Type: N Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 440mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) 33.0 +- 01.0 (+) Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 440mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 61.0 +- 01.5 Voltage (V) 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 440mA (0.1C) 880mA (0.2C) 1.0 0.9 0.8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Discharge Time (hours ) ( ) 1.7 Specifications Nominal Voltage 33.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 61.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 139g 1.2V Average** 4600mAh Rated (Min.) 4400mAh Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight Discharge Capacity* Charge : 440mA(0.1C)x 15hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 8800mA (2C) 0 20 40 4400mA (1C) 60 80 2200mA (0.5C) 100 120 140 160 180 Discharge Time (minutes) Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 5mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 440mA (0.1C) x 16hrs. Max 220mA (0.05C) x 30h and over Charge Current Min 147mA (0.033C) x 45h and Current over Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge 0°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 75 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-500DR D size (KR33/62) Type: R Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 500mA(0.1C)x 15hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 +0 1.0 33.0 - 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Charge Time (hours) ( +) 1.8 61.0 +- 01.5 Charge : 5000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 10˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Charge Time (minutes) ( ) Typical Discharge Characteristics Specifications Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Average** 5500mAh Rated (Min.) 5000mAh 1.7 Charge : 5000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 Approx. Internal impedance at 1000Hz at charged state. Standard Charge Rapid*** 1A(0.2C) 2.5A(0.5C) 0.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) 5mΩ 500mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. 5000mA (1C) x 1.5 hrs. Standard 0°C to 45°C Rapid 10°C to 45°C Charge 1.7 Discharge -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage Charge : 5000mA(1C)x 1.5hrs., 20˚C Discharge Temperature : 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature 33.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 61.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 145g Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. *** Refer to “Charge Methods for Ni-Cd Batteries” (pg 10). Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. 10A(2C) 0.8 0 10 20 30 5A(1C) 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 76 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS P-11AAH/FT 1/3AA size (KR15/18) Type: H Dimensions (with tube) Typical Charge Characteristics (mm) 1.8 Charge : 3.7mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 14.5 +- 00.7 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 50˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 (+) 0.9 0 10 20 +0 1.0 17.5 - 30 Charge : 3.7mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : 22mA(0.2C) Specifications 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 17.5 +0 / -1.0 mm 6.5g Voltage (V) 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 20˚C 1.0 65˚C 0.9 1.2V Average** 120mAh Rated (Min.) 110mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 80mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 11mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 5.5mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 3.7mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge Storage 0°C to 50°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C < 1 month -20°C to 55°C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. 0˚C 45˚C 0.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discharge Time (hours) Charge : 3.7mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : cut-off voltage 1.1V 10,000 Continuous Discharge Time (hours) Discharge Capacity* 60 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Nominal Voltage 50 Charge Time (hours) ( ) Diameter Height Approximate Weight 40 0˚C 20˚C 40˚C 1,000 60˚C 700 500 300 200 100 0.01 0.1 1.0 Discharge Current(mA) NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 77 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-50AAH/FT (AA) size Type: H Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 17mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 +0 0.7 14.5 - 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 50˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 (+) 1.0 0.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Charge Time (minutes) 48.3 +- 01.0 120 ( ) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 14.5 +0 / -0.7 mm 48.3 +0 / -1.0 mm 21g Capacity Ratio (%) 100 "H" Type P-50AAH/FT 80 60 standard type P-50AA 40 20 Charge : 17mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Discharge : 500mA(1C), Cut-off voltage 1.1V 0 -10 Discharge Capacity* 580mAh Rated (Min.) 500mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 20mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 50mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 25mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 17mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current Ambient Temperature Discharge 10 1.2V Average** Charge 0 0°C to 50°C -20°C to 65°C -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage 30 40 50 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 17mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : 500mA(1C) 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 20˚C 0˚C 45˚C 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 < 2 years 20 Temperature (˚C) Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 78 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-120AH (L-A) size Type: H Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 17.0 +- 00.7 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 1.3 50˚C 1.2 1.1 (+) 1.0 0.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Charge Time (hours) 120 67.0 +- 01.5 Capacity Ratio (%) 100 ( ) "H" Type P-120AH 80 60 standard type 40 20 Charge Discharge 0 -10 Specifications Nominal Voltage Discharge Capacity* 17.0 +0 / -0.7 mm 67.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 43g 1250mAh Rated (Min.) 1100mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 10mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 120mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 60mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 40mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge 20 30 40 50 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.2V Average** 10 Temperature (˚C) 1.7 Charge : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : 1200mA (1C) 1.6 Voltage (V) Diameter Height Approximate Weight 0 : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. : 1200mA(1C), Cut-off voltage 1.1V 1.5 1.4 1.3 45˚C 1.2 20˚C 5˚C 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) 0°C to 50°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 79 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-120SCH SC size (KR23/43) Type: H Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 +0 1.0 23.0- 1.0 0.9 (+ ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Charge Time (hours) 43.0 +- 01.5 120 100 ( ) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 48g Capacity Ratio (%) "H" Type P-120SCH 80 standard type 60 40 20 Charge : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Discharge : 1200mA(1C), Cut-off voltage 1.1V 0 -10 Discharge Capacity* Average** 1350mAh Rated (Min.) 1200mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 10mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 120mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 60mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 40mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge 0 10 0°C to 50°C -20°C to 65°C -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage 30 40 50 60 70 Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : 1200mA(1C) 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 45˚C 1.2 20˚C 1.1 5˚C 1.0 0.9 0.8 < 2 years 20 Temperature (˚C) 1.2V Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 80 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-230CH C size (KR26/50) Type: H Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 75mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 25.8 +- 01.0 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 50˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0 (+) 10 20 30 40 50 60 Charge Time (hours) 120 100 50.0 +- 01.5 "H" Type P-230CH Capacity Ratio (%) 80 ( ) standard type 60 40 20 Charge : 75mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Discharge : 2300mA(1C), Cut-off voltage 1.1V Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 0 -10 25.8 +0 / -1.0 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 78g 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Temperature (˚C) Typical Discharge Characteristics Nominal Voltage Average** Discharge Capacity* 1.2V Charge : 75mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : 2300mA(1C) 1.6 2300mAh Trickle Charge Discharge 0°C to 50°C Voltage (V) Rated (Min.) Approx. Internal impedance at 6mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 230mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 115mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 75mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current Ambient Temperature 1.7 2500mAh 1.5 1.4 1.3 45˚C 20˚C 1.2 1.1 1.0 0˚C 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 81 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-400DH D size (KR33/62) Type: H Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 133mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 33.0 +- 01.0 0.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Charge Time (hours) (+) 120 100 "H" Type P-400DH Capacity Ratio (%) 61.0 +- 01.5 80 60 40 20 ( ) Charge : 133mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Discharge : 4000mA(1C), Cut-off voltage 1.1V 0 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Temperature (˚C) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 33.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 61.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 139g Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Discharge Capacity* Average** 4400mAh Rated (Min.) 4000mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 7mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 400mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 200mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 133mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge Charge : 133mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : 4000mA(1C) 1.6 1.2V Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 20˚C 1.1 0˚C 1.0 45˚C 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) 0°C to 50°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 82 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-120SCK SC size (KR23/43) Type: K Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. 1.7 Voltage (V) 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 45˚C 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 +0 1.0 23.0- 1.0 0.9 0 (+) 10 20 30 40 50 60 Charge Time (hours) 43.0 +- 01.5 120 100 ( ) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 23.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 43.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 48g Capacity Ratio (%) "K" Type P-120SCK 80 standard type 60 40 20 Charge : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Discharge : 1200mA(1C), Cut-off voltage 1.1V 0 -10 Discharge Capacity* Average** 1350mAh Rated (Min.) 1200mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 10mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 120mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 60mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 40mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge < 2 years 0 10 0°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C -20°C to 35°C 20 30 40 50 60 70 Temperature (˚C) 1.2V Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Charge : 40mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C 1.6 Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage Discharge : 1200mA (1C) 1.5 1.4 20˚C 1.3 1.2 45˚C 1.1 0˚C 1.0 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) Storage < 6 months -20°C to 45°C * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 83 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-200CK C size (KR26/50) Type: K Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 67mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 25.8 +- 01.0 1.0 0.9 0 (+) 10 20 30 40 50 60 Charge Time (hours) 120 "K" Type P-200CK 100 +0 1.5 50.0 - Capacity Ratio (%) 80 ( ) 60 40 20 Charge : 67mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Discharge : 2000mA(1C), Cut-off voltage 1.1V Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 0 -10 25.8 +0 / -1.0 mm 50.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 78g 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Temperature (˚C) Typical Discharge Characteristics Nominal Voltage Average** Discharge Capacity* 1.2V 1.7 2300mAh Charge : 67mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : 2000mA(1C) 1.6 2000mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 8mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 200mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 100mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 67mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current 1.5 Voltage (V) Rated (Min.) 1.4 1.3 20˚C 1.2 1.1 45˚C 1.0 0.8 0 Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge 0°C to 45°C 0˚C 0.9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 84 SEPTEMBER 1999 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS Typical Charge Characteristics P-400DK D size (KR33/62) Type: K Dimensions (with tube) (mm) 1.8 Charge : 133mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Voltage (V) 1.7 1.6 0˚C 1.5 20˚C 1.4 45˚C 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 +0 1.0 33.0 - 0.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Charge Time (hours) (+) 120 100 Capacity Ratio (%) 61.0 +- 01.5 "K" Type P-400DK 80 60 40 20 ( ) Charge : 133mA(0.033C)x 48hrs. Discharge : 4000mA(1C), Cut-off voltage 1.1V 0 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Temperature (˚C) Specifications Diameter Height Approximate Weight 33.0 +0 / -1.0 mm 61.0 +0 / -1.5 mm 139g Typical Discharge Characteristics 1.7 Average** Discharge Capacity* Rated (Min.) 1.2V 4400mAh 4000mAh Trickle Approx. Internal impedance at 7mΩ 1000Hz at charged state. Standard 400mA (0.1C)x 16hrs. Max 200mA (0.05C)x 30h and over Charge Current Min 133mA (0.033C)x 48h and over Current Ambient Temperature Charge Discharge Charge : 133mA(0.033C)x 48hrs., 20˚C Discharge : 4000mA(1C) 1.6 1.5 Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage 1.4 1.3 20˚C 1.2 1.1 45˚C 1.0 0˚C 0.9 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Discharge Time (minutes) 0°C to 45°C -20°C to 65°C < 2 years -20°C to 35°C < 6 months -20°C to 45°C Storage * 0.2C discharge capacity after charging at 0.1C for 16 hours. ** For reference only. Battery performance and cycle life are strongly affected by how they are used. In order to maximize battery safety, please consult Panasonic when determining charge / discharge specs, warning label contents and unit design. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 85 SEPTEMBER 1999 BATTERY PACKS Purpose of Battery Packs Ni-Cd cells are most commonly used in battery packs. In using Ni-Cd batteries, the type of battery, the number of cells, the shape of the battery pack, and the components of the battery pack will be determined by the ratings (voltage and load current) of the device, the charging specifications, the amount of space available inside the device, and the usage conditions. After consultation concerning specifications, if so desired, Panasonic can also provide assembly services for battery packs. Configurations of Tube Battery Packs The following are the standard pack configurations for Ni-Cd batteries. Refer to these configurations when designing the battery pack. F Type The required number of single cells are lined up in the radial direction of the cells and connected by nickel plates, and covered with an external heat-shrink PVC tube. Composite F Type Single cells are connected in 2 to 5 rows, and then packed in a heat-shrink PVC tube. F Type Composite F Type L Type The required number of single cells are lined up in the axial direction of the batteries and connected by nickel plates, and covered with an external heatshrink PVC tube. Composite L type Groups of single cells connected in an L type configuration are further connected in 2 to 5 rows, and then packed in a heat-shrink PVC tube. L Type Composite L Type NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 86 SEPTEMBER 1999 BATTERY PACKS - CONTINUED Construction of Battery Packs The basic constructions for battery packs are as shown below. "F" Type Construction "L" Type Construction External Heat Shrink PVC Tube Terminal Plate (Nickel Plate) Lead Plate (Nickel Plate) Terminal Plate (Nickel Plate) Insulating Paper Thermal Protector* External Heat Shrink PVC Tube Heat Shrink PVC Tube for Cells Connector Plate (Nickel Plate) Cell Insulating Paper Lead Wire Heat Shrink PVC Tube for Cells Thermal Protector* Protective components are used as described in section (4). Special Battery Pack Configurations Custom specifications (battery packs in plastic cases, etc.) can also be prepared upon request. Consult Panasonic for details. Also feel free to consult Panasonic’s Design Department concerning specifications and production schedules. (1) Batteries in Injection-molded Plastic Cases It is important to take into consideration the lead time required for the preparation of production molds and the procurement of custom parts. (2) Battery Packs with Built-in Charge Level Indicators and Charging Systems If so desired, Panasonic can also provide technological assistance concerning battery packs with a builtin charge level indicator or a built-in charging system. Parts for Battery Packs (1) Terminal Plates Because the lead wires are soldered to the terminal plates, the terminal plates must be made of a material that has good solderability, that can be securely spot-welded to the cells, and that is highly electroconductive and alkaline-resistant. The most common material used is high-quality nickel plate. Recommended Terminal Plate Dimensions (Material: Nickel) N o. 1 2 3 4 5 T 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Dimensions (mm) W 4 4 5 5 7 L 15 15 20 25 30 Applicable Battery Siz e AA size and smaller A size SC size C size D size and larger NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 87 Configuration W T L SEPTEMBER 1999 BATTERY PACKS - CONTINUED (2) Lead Wires To connect the batteries to the device, vinyl-clad electrical wire for heat-resistant device wiring conforming to UL-1007 is generally used. Red for the positive side and black for the negative side are the standard colors. The ends of the lead wires may be bare cut ends or connected to connectors, etc. Standard Lead Wires Applicable battery siz e AA size and smaller A size SC size C size D size and larger Siz e UL1007 AWG24 UL1007 AWG22 UL1007 AWG20 UL1007 AWG20 UL1007 AWG18 Length (A) (mm) approx. 200 approx. 200 approx. 200 approx. 300 approx. 300 (3) Heat-shrink PCV Tube Heat-shrink tubes made of polyvinylchloride are used on many packs as the external cover. Tube thickness ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm depending on battery type and configuration. (4) Protective Components Thermal protectors to prevent overcharge and overheat, PTC elements, temperature fuses, current fuses, and other protective components, either singly or in combinations, are connected via a direct-line circuit to the batteries. Upon request, Panasonic can provide the necessary components for protecting both the battery pack and the device in which it is used. Lead Wires Color + Red - Black + Red - Black + Red - Black + Red - Black + Red - Black Reference Diagram A Lead Wire Battery Pack Example (5) Others Depending on the configuration of the battery pack, adhesive materials, tape, paper cylinders, or other parts or materials may be used. If so desired, temperature sensors for charge control and other electronic components can be installed inside the battery pack. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 88 SEPTEMBER 1999 GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES Structural-related Terms • • • • • • • • Active Material The electro-chemical materials of the electrodes. In rechargeable Ni-Cd battery, nickel-hydroxide is the active material of the positive electrode and cadmium is the active material of the negative electrode. Cadmium Expressed in chemical notation as Cd, this indicates that the negative electrode material of the Ni-Cd battery is in a charged state. When in the discharged state, the negative electrode material becomes cadmium hydroxide, or Cd(OH)2. Cell Each of the individual batteries which comprise a rechargeable battery. Electrolyte The medium through which ions are conducted during the electro-chemical reaction inside a rechargeable battery. In rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries, a potassium hydroxide water solution is generally used as the electrolyte. Negative Electrode The electrode that has a lower electrical potential than the positive electrode to which electrical current flows from the external circuit during the discharge of a storage battery. Nickel Oxyhydroxide Expressed in chemical notation as NiOOH, this indicates that the positive electrode material of the Ni-Cd battery is in a charged state. When in the discharged state, the positive electrode material becomes nickel hydroxide, or Ni(OH)2. Pasted Type Electrode Plate An electrode plate made by applying as the active material a cadmium compound in a paste form onto a nickel-plated steel porous plate. Used as the negative electrode. Positive Electrode The positive electrode that has a higher electrical potential than the negative electrode from which electrical current flows to the external circuit during the discharge of a rechargeable battery. • • • • Safety Vent Functions to release the gas when the internal pressure exceeds a predetermined level. In addition to preventing the absorption of external air into the rechargeable battery, this vent also prevents the rupture of the rechargeable battery that would result from the increase in the internal pressure caused by the generation of gas during charge or at other times. Separator A porous or micro-porous thin plate, cloth, bar, or frame which is inserted as a spacer between the positive and negative electrode plates for the purpose of preventing short-circuits. The separator must be non-oxidizing, resistant to chemicals, and be an electrical insulator, and it must not obstruct in any way the ionic conduction or diffusion of the electrolyte. The separator also functions to retain the electrolyte. Sintered Electrode Plate An electrode plate in which the active material is impregnated into a porous thin-plate substrate prepared by sintering nickel powder to a porous plate made of nickel or nickel-plated steel. Used as the positive electrode plate. Sintered Substrate (Plaque) The substrate for the active material, made by sintering nickel powder to a porous plate. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 89 SEPTEMBER 1999 GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED Electrical-related Terms • • • • • • • • • Capacity The electrical capacity of a rechargeable battery. Normally used to mean the capacity as measured in ampere-hours. Indicated in units of Ah (ampere-hours) or C (coulombs). Charge Efficiency A general term meaning either ampere-hour efficiency and watt-hour efficiency. More commonly used to mean ampere-hour efficiency. Charge Level The amount of electricity used for charge. For constant current charge, it is the product of multiplying the current value by the charge time. Measured in units of ampere-hours (Ah). C (Coulomb) Used to express the amount of the charge or discharge current. Expressed by attaching the current units to a numerical multiple that represents the rated capacity of the battery. The charge and discharge current are generally expressed using a C multiple. For example, for a battery having a rated capacity of 1500 mAh: 0.1 CmA = 0.1 x 1500 = 150 mA 0.2 CmA = 0.2 x 1500 = 300 mA Cut-off Discharge Voltage The voltage that indicates the limit at which discharge is completed. In practical use, this voltage is the limit to which the battery can be used. Electrolyte Leakage The penetration of the electrolyte to the outside of the battery. Energy Density The amount of energy that can be obtained per unit weight or per unit volume of a rechargeable battery. Unit: wh/kg, wh/ Excessive Discharge The discharge of a rechargeable battery to a lower than the specified cut-off discharge voltage. High rate Discharge Discharge at a relatively large current with respect to the battery capacity. Also called highefficiency discharge and high-current discharge. • • • • • • • Nominal Voltage The voltage used to indicate the battery voltage. Generally a value slightly lower than the electromotive force is used. For example, the nominal voltage of rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries is 1.2 V per cell. Open Circuit Voltage The voltage of a battery when that battery is electrically cut-off from the external circuit. Overcharge Current Charge after the fully charged state has been reached. In a rechargeable battery which requires water replenishment, the electrolysis of the water causes a sharp decrease in the amount of electrolyte. Generally, the overcharge of a rechargeable battery will shorten the battery’s cycle life. Rapid Charge Charge quickly using a large current. Rated Capacity The standard value for the amount of electricity which can be obtained from the battery in a fully charged state at the specified temperature, discharge current, and cut-oft discharge voltage. Measured in units of ampere-hours (Ah).Note that CN is used as a symbol to express the rated capacity at a rate of N hours. Reverse Charge Charge with the polarities reversed. If the polarities are reversed, all of the electrical energy will be used to generate gas. Self-discharge A decrease in the capacity of a rechargeable battery without any discharge of current to the external circuit. NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 90 SEPTEMBER 1999 GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR NI-CD BATTERIES - CONTINUED Other Terms • • • • Alkaline Storage Battery A storage battery which uses an alkaline water solution as its electrolyte. Generally refers to nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. Cycle Use A method of use in which charge and discharge are repeated over and over again. Trickle Use A method of use in which the battery is cut-off from the load and constantly charged at a very small current in order to replenish the self-discharge. Mostly used for emergency power supply applications, such as in the event of an interruption in the normal power supply. IEC Standards The standards established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). NICKEL CADMINUM HANDBOOK, PAGE 91 SEPTEMBER 1999
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