Elenco EDU7075 Chem- Science Owner Manual

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| WARN | NG! Only for use by children over 10 years old.
To be used solely under the strict supervision of adults that have studied
the precautions given in the experimental set.
/ CAUTION! contains some chemicals which are classified a
safety hazard. Read the instructions before use, follow them and Keep
them for reference. Do not allow chemicals to come into contact with any
part of the body, particularly the mouth and eyes.
Keep small children and animals away from experiments.
Store the chemistry set out of reach of small children.
Be FRSA for py adults is not included.
/\ WARNING,
3 a under the direct supervision of an adult when handling parts with sharp points
‚| or edges. Keep away from children under three years of age.
a). Read and follow these instructions, the safety rules and the first aid
information and keep them for reference.
b).The incorrect use of chemicals can cause injury and damage to health
Only carry out those experiments which are listed in the instructions.
c). This chemistry set is for use only by children over 10 years.
а). Because childrens abilities vary so much even within age groups, supervising
adults should exercise discretion as to which experiments are suitable and safe
for them. The instructions should enable supervisors to assess any experiment to
establish its suitability for a particular child.
e). The supervising adult should discuss the warnings and safety information
with the child or children before commencing the experiments. Particular
attention should be paid to the safe handling of acid, alkalis and flammable liquids.
f). The area surrounding the experiment should be kept clear of any
obstructions and away from the storage of food. It should be well lit and
ventilated and close to a water supply. A solid table with a heat-resistant top
should be provided.
Do read these instructions before use, follow them and keep them for reference.
Do keep young children, animals and those not wearing eye protection away from
the experimental area.
Do always wear eye protection.
Do store experimental sets out of reach of young children.
Do clean all equipment after use.
Do make sure that all containers are fully closed and properly stored after use.
Do wash hands after carrying out experiments.
Do not use equipment which has not been supplied with the set.
Do not eat, drink or smoke in the experimental area.
Do not allow chemicals to come into contact with the eyes or mouth.
Do not replace foodstuffs in original container. Dispose of immediately.
In case of eye contact: Wash out eye with plenty of water, holding eye open if
necessary. Seek immediate medical advice.
If swallowed: Wash out mouth with water, drink some fresh water. Do not induce
vomiting. Seek immediate medical advice.
In case of inhalation: Remove person to fresh air.
In case of skin contact and burns: Wash affected area with with plenty of water
for 5 minutes.
In case of doubt seek medical advice without delay. Take the chemical together
with the container with you.
In case of injury always seek medical advice.
Disposal of chemicals should be in accordance with local regulations.
Other materials should be flushed down the toilet.
Local poison center or local hospital telephone number should be inserted here
by the supervising adult.
TRIED CEE E
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The GO CHEM Kit includes 60 safe and fun activities, allowing
your child to learn and play at the same time. There is no fear of working
with dangerous chemicals or poisons. The topics covered in the kit deal
with chemical reactions, acids and bases, chromatography, crystal growing,
surface tension, solutions and colloids, expansion of gases, magnetism,
optics, growing plants and more.
The equipment included is easy to work with and will enable your child to
work independently. However, certain activities do require adult supervision
and are marked with this sign.
Colours of some of the objects may differ slightly from the drawings.
Ordinary household items are necessary and appear on the list of required
equipment at the beginning of each activity.
The chemical Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate, commonly known as baking
powder, is used for cooking.
Each activity is colourfully illustrated in order to give a visual explanation of
what to do, as well as simple and easy to follow instructions. Read the text
with the child, and if need be, go over the steps together. Make sure that the
child has identified and prepared all of the equipment before starting.
Children often help out in the home, especially in the kitchen.
This kit provides the opportunity for children to discover how scientific
concepts are used at home daily. The activities with these simple scientific
concepts enable your child to increase his scientific knowledge and to further
arouse his innate curiosity. We are certain that learning about science in the
home will be a fun and rewarding experience for the whole family.
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1. (dodo hi Carbonate. 8, magi glass 26. play dough
NaHCO (Baking Soda) 9. green felf tip pen 27. rubber band
= rams (1 potter of 25 grams) 10. plastic beaker 28. piece of posee
NO. 144-55-8. 11, measuring cup with lid 39. struction ook
EINECS NO. 205-633-8. 12. goggles
13. measuring spoon
2. Iron Powder 14. eye dropper
Fe 5 grams || 15. ue =
CAS NO, 7439-89-6. || 16. tweezers
EINECS NO. 231-096-4. || 4! 17. magnet in holder
R11. Highly Flammable 18. washers
S16. Keep away from sources or ignition 19. paper clip
20. pH scale
3. Sand 25 grams i
= les E (4 pcs.) Ss her pa er
. £ Test Tubes
6. test tube holder я LL
/. stopper rer
25. drinking straw
ACTIVITY 1
Egg Prints
Equipment:
hard boiled egg in shell
wax crayon
beaker
vinegar
soft brush
scouring powder
2 Put the egg in the
beaker and
cover it with |
vinegar.
5 Wait for about
4 hours.
Remove the
egg from the
container,
and gently
rinse it under
running tap
water.
clear.
Explanation: Your message stands out and should be quite № RY
Using a waxy crayon, write your
name or any short message on
the shell of a hard boiled egg.
Note that bubbles
will soon appear. |
This is the reaction \ DEN
between the ÁS EC
vinegar and the
shell's cnemical
structure.
Wait for about 2 hours, or
until the bubbling stops.
Remove the "old" vinegar and refill
the container with fresh vinegar.
Very, very carefully, using the
scouring powder and soft brush,
remove the wax from the name
or message that you had
written
earlier.
What happened ig.the egg?
The part of the shell under the waxy crayons letters has been
protected from the action of the acid in the vinegar.
ACTIVITY 2
Assembling the test tube rack
Identify the four red plastic pieces
illustrated below.
Connect them to each other
as shown:
ACTIVITY 3 " 4 Cutthe cabbage into small pieces
carefully using the knife and
cutting board.
Testing For Acids
Adult supervision
Ih. is required for this
CS activity
Equivment:
fest tube rack
2 test tubes
eye dropper
measuring spoon 2 Put the small pieces of cabbage
into the pot. Add some water to
ane cover the cabbage.
añina da Light the stove.
stove
small metal pot
stirrer
red cabbage |
lemon juice Mens
baking powder 4 Turn off the heat. Let the pot of
water cabbage cool down for about half
an hour.
2 Heat the water and the cabbage Carefully remove the cabbage
until it begins to boil. from the pot keeping only the
Stir while heating. = juice inside.
9
6
Place two test tubes in the test
tube rack.
Squeeze some lemon juice
into one of the test tubes.
Carefully place two spoonfuls
of baking powder into the
second test tube.
Fill your eye dropper with the cabbage juice you prepared.
Observe its colour. Squeeze all of it into the test tube with the lemon
juice.
Notice how the colour of the cabbage juice changes.
Again fill the eye dropper with cabbage juice,
but this time squeeze it into the test tube with the
baking powder. And now, what happens to the
colour of the cabbage juice?
Explanation: You produced two chemical reactions:
When cabbage juice (our indicator) comes in contact with the lemon juice
(our acid), its colour turns pink.
When it comes in contact with the baking powder (our base) it becomes pale.
Continue to test other household materials to discover whether or not they
are acids or bases. For example, you can try toothpaste, laundry detergent
and vinegar.
6
ACTIVITY 4
What is pH?
pH is the value that indicates whether
or not a substance is an acid or a basse.
pH values range from 1 to 14:
- substances with a pH lower than
7 are acidic (pH 1 is the most acidic)
- substances with a pH equal to 7
are neutral
- substances with a pH higher than
7 are basic (pH 14 is the most basic)
rm 1 e fn
Equipment:
pH indicator paper
pH scale
tweezers
eye dropper
household materials
1 Look carefully at the pH scale.
This pH scale ranges only from
4 to 9.
Notice the different colours for
each number.
pH scale 4-9
pH4 5 6 7 |
|
|
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4 Check several household substances.
2 The pH indicator paper will
change its colour when it
comes into contact with an acid
or a base.
Always handle the pH indicator
paper with the tweezers, as
even the moisture on your
fingertips can change its
colour.
2 By comparing the colour on the
pH paper to the coloured
stripes on the scale, you can
determine the pH of the
substance you are testing.
pH scale 4-9 …
¡pH4 5 6 7 8 SE
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Try: vinegar, toothpaste, milk, liquid soap, lemon or orange juice, cola, soil
from a potted plant or from the garden, baking powder, melted butter...etc.
5 Cut small pieces of the pH indicator paper. Remember to use your tweezers!
Place the pH indicator paper onto the substance your are checking.
Wait for the colour to change. Compare it to the colours on the pH scale.
pH scale 4-9 _
ACTIVITY 5
Acid Rain is the result of chemical changes in the atmosphere, which are
produced by air pollution. These chemical changes cause certain gases in the
atmosphere to become acidic. When it rains, these gases are washed into
bodies of water and forests, reducing the pH of soil and water.
The pH of water should be neutral (7). It may be interesting to check the water
in your area.
Collect as many different samples of
Equipment: |
water as you can: tap water, rain water,
ñ
aus
pH indicator paper water from an aquarium, from a lake,
pH scale from a river, from the ocean...
tweezers nn — —
eye dropper | ) 4 — À
various types of water
empty jam jars
Place each sample in a
separate jar and label them.
no
Handle the pH indicator
paper with the tweezers.
Cut it in small pieces and
place each one near the
labelled jar.
№
Ca)
4 Place a few drops of each
water sample on the
pH paper.
5 Waita few minutes and
compare the colour of the
pH paper to the different
colours of the pH scale.
Define the pH of each water
sample.
You could also check the pH
of another two forms of water,
an ice cube and steam.
Be careful!
O
me
Explanation: If the pH of rain water reaches 5, it is considered to be acid
rain. This is dangerous. If it would become even lower, living things will die
in it.
“TINITV - Fill a bowl half way with water.
ACTIVITY 6 1 Add 10 drops of Tincture of
lodine to the water.
Can you write a magic message?
Equipment: fus tra
measuring spoon EE
beaker y ón
eye dropper o
plain paper ==" r
Tincture of lodine 2e
lemon pb °F
paint brush CA = >
bowl ELE sn
7 Use your 7 Squeeze some IS Y y
“measuring ~ lemon juice into … din
spoon the beaker.
to stir.
A Cut out a piece of plain paper so |
that it fits in the bowl.
——]].]—]—
5 Dip the brush into the lemon juice. 5 Letthe "juice-ink" dry on the
Using the juice as your paint, paper. You will no longer see
write a message on the paper. your message.
Once the paper has dried, place д SS
the paper into the bowl. |
Make sure that the paper is
covered by the solution.
Wait a few minutes.
What do you see?
Explanation: The paper absorbed the lodine-water solution and your
message became visible again. This is due to the chemical reaction
between the vitamin C in the lemon juice and the lodine-starch solution.
A chemical reaction is any change which alters the chemical properties
of a substance or which forms a new substance.
9
ACTIVITY 7
Plant dyes
Equiprnent. 1
3 disposable cups
piece of white paper Create a picture on the piece of paper using all
ait Fock the plants you collected.
liquid detergent You may need to cut some in half
vinegar to release the juices before rubbing
baking soda them on the paper
cotton buds
selection of fruits, vegetables,
flowers, berries and leaves
in a variety of colors
\ = | vinegar |
detergent |
| a „=
E ha
Dip a cotton bud into
the detergent and gently
rub it over the colors
on your piece of paper.
Now do the same with
Prepare the cups. Into the first cup pour the vinegar and the baking
6 teaspoons of vinegar. Into the second soda. See how the colors
cup put 2 teaspoons of detergent. change and how many
Into the third cup put 1 teaspoon of different shades and hues
baking soda together with 6 teaspoon of you have created.
water and mix well.
10
ACTIVITY 8
Sand pictures
Equipment: 1
glue This experiment has very little to
td do with geology. It also has very
sa ; is little to do with science! In fact,
waler coor paints: | you can hardly call it an experiment.
Try it anyway. |
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Use your glue as ink and draw a picture on a piece of paper. — or
Now, sprinkle some sand onto the paper. After the glue has À >
dried, blow off the excess sand. ; NE
You can easily make colored sands by mixing small сое
quantities of sand with the water colors you made
in the last experiment, Using colored sands, you can
make a real work of art!
11
Pasta Power
ZQdUIDOMEnt:
raw spaghetti and other similiar pasta Make 2 holes in the cup just below
small paper cup the top rim and opposite each other.
masking tape Attach the string to each hole to
ruler : make a handle.
small coins (all the same size) pe
string ga a
Place a piece of spaghetti on the table so that \ |
12cms hangs over the edge of the table. on |
Tape the spaghetti to the table and also Pa |
fold a piece of tape over the end of 75 \ |
the spaghetti hanging off the table. —— |
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Hang the cup at the end of the spaghetti next to the
tape and start adding coins to the cup. Record how \ |
many coins you add before the spaghetti breaks. |
Try with a thicker piece of pasta and then try with 3, |
4 or 5 pieces of pasta taped together. Record how | |
many coins are needed to break the pasta in each |
experiment. | |
12
ACTIVITY 10
Absorption and dyes
Equipment:
a white flower
a pair of scissors
different food colourings
(red and blue)
2 glasses
2
Using a pair of
Ae
iy
small scissors, 2
carefully split о SN
the stem
of the white
flower in half.
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Keep the ; NV +
whole set up Le ~N
in a warm Y i
room for few =
days.
Each day
you will be
able to see
how the white
flower becomes
more and more
colourful.
Fill the two glasses almost to the
top with water.
Pour a few drops of the red food
colouring into one of them, and a
few drops of blue food colouring
into the second one.
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Place the two
glasses very
close to each
other.
Put each half
stem of the
flower into each
one of the two
glasses,
as shown:
Explanation: A dye is a substance,
either natural or synthetic, that
adheres its colour to any material
which has the ability of absorbing it.
Food colourings are dyes.
In this activity, the dyes are absorbed
by the plant with the water and help
to visualize how they travel from the
roots of the plant, through the stem,
to its leaves and petals.
Question: How many absorbent
materials can you find in your house?
Do all materials absorb liquids?
ACTIVITY 11
Sticky Ice
Put an ice cube
on a saucer.
Sprinkle some
salt on top of
Place a second ice
cube on top of
the salty side of the
first ice cube.
the ice cube.
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ice cubes e a
salt A
string Ÿ |
saucer
Lm ne.
€ < > À
Press the top ice cube onto
the bottom one for about one
minute.
Try and lift the top ice cube.
What happens?
(A)
ACTIVITY 12
1 Wet a piece of string in tap water.
Place the ice cube on a saucer
and the string on the top.
Sprinkle salt all along the top
of the ice cube and string.
Wait about one minute.
NJ
3 Pickup the string
~ on both ends
with your fingers
and lift.
Explanation: When you sprinkle salt on ice, the ice quickly begins to melt.
This is due to the fact that salty water freezes at a lower temperature than
tap water.
Can you now guess why we sprinkle salt on icy roads and sidewalks?
14
Use the plasticine to form the
ACTIVITY 13 1 shape of a volcano.
Volcanic Reactions
Equipment:
plasticine
eye dropper
measuring spoon
baking powder
vinegar
food colouring (red)
2 Put a few spoons of baking 3 Add a few drops of red
powder in the middle food colouring to the =
hole of the volcano. baking powder. rE >
4 Finally using the eye dropper,
add a few drops of vinegar,
to the mixture.
What happens?
Question: Where did the "red lava"
come from?
Explanation: You produced a quick
chemical reaction between the baking
powder and the vinegar, causing the
lava to form and bubble down the
volcano.
15
Ty Using your measuring КС
into the beaker. e NE
Cleaning Old Coins ( 2
Equipment: =— |
beaker Е | |
tweezers 3 | |
measuring spoon = |
measuring cup
salt
vinegar =
2 old "dull-looking” pennies 3 wishin measuring spoon to
Place one of the coins into
2 Add 15 ml of vinegar. the mixture with the tweezers.
Let this sit for few minutes.
Wash the second coin with Using the tweezers, remove the
coin from the beaker and rinse it
ordinary soap and water.
with water.
Compare the two pennies.
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Explanation: When salt and vinegar are mixed together, Hydrochloric Acid
is formed. This acid is very often used to clean metals and metallic objects.
The penny is made out of a copper metal and is cleaned to look like new
after it has been in the salt and vinegar solution.
16
ACTIVITY 15 1 Your test tube holder works like
a pair of cooking tongs.
Get it ready for use by following
Making perfume the steps below:
_ Adult supervision
‘кр, Is required for this
activity
Equipment:
test tube
test tube rack
test tube holder
funnel Note: This ВЕ tot ae Holder. will soften |
or even melt if overheated! is happens, )
stop per let it cool and it will reharden. =
beaker If it is overheated and doesn't hold the test
water tube securely in place, while still hot, carefully
press the two ends together and let them cool.
rose petals The holder will be as good as new.
2 Fill 1/2 of a test tube with the petals. 3 Boil some water.
Secure the test tube into the holder Using your funnel, carefully add
and place it in the test tube rack. just enough boiling water into
the test tube to cover the petals.
4 Remove the funnel and close the test tube
with the stopper.
5 Fill the beaker 3/4 full with boiling water.
Place the closed test tube inside the beaker.
Let it remain for at least 15 minutes.
6 You have produced perfume inside the test tube.
Pour your perfume into a small and clean container.
If you like, separate the petals with a strainer.
17
ACTIVITY 16
Burning Candles
2. Adult supervision
(= is required for this
:L activity
Equipment:
3 identical candles
(of same size and shape)
3 different glass jars
(of various sizes and shapes)
3 pieces of cardboard
A
Secure each candle to a piece of
cardboard with the plasticine.
“too
plasticine | | 1
matches { { > À
2 Carefully light the candles |
|
|
with the matches. |
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7 Immediately, one after the other, cover each candle with the jars.
“Note how long each candle burns.
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Explanation: When the candles were covered with the jars, they used up
all of the oxygen inside and then stopped burning.
Oxygen is needed in order to allow the candles to burn. This is the chemical
reaction called combustion.
The candles are identical in size, but the sizes of the jars are different.
Did the candle covered with the largest jar burn the longest? Why?
18
Take off the cap from a bottle of
ACTIVITY 17 1 soda and quickly, stretch the
opening of the balloon over the
How to remove gas mouth of the bottle.
(to be done outdoors)
Equipment:
bottle of soda
balloon
rubber band
2 Keep the balloon
securely in place
using the rubber
band.
3 Put your hand on the mouth of Place the bottle on a table or on
the bottle, over the balloon, and the ground.
gently shake the bottle a few
times.
Question: What happens to the balloon? What happens inside the bottle?
Explanation: The bubbles formed within the bottle of soda cause the
balloon to inflate. The soda consists of a gas called Carbon Dioxide.
When you first opened the soda bottle, undissolved gas from the top of the
bottle "escaped" into the attached balloon. When you shook the bottle,
more gas "escaped" and you could see the bubbles within the soda rising.
The Carbon Dioxide gas rose into the balloon and caused it to inflate.
19
ACTIVITY 18
Can you hear and see gas expand?
Equipment:
empty 2-litre soda bottle
beaker
coin
4 Put some water in the beaker 3 Remove the bottle from the
and dip the coin in it. freezer and very quickly, cover
the opening of the bottle with
the wet coin.
o Carefully look at the coin and
FF > listen to it.
| = 4)
| |
7 Place the empty soda bottle are |
— withoutits lid in the freezer for = y
about 5 minutes. SL
pr
Question: What really happened?
Explanation: The air in the soda bottle contracted while it was in the freezer.
When you removed the bottle from the freezer, the cold air started to heat
up and to expand. This caused the coin to "jump" up and make a clicking
sound. This repeats itself until the temperature within the bottle equals the
temperature on the outside of the bottle.
Note: If the coin jumps too much, place it again directly over the opening of
the bottle.
20
ACTIVITY 18
Grow Your Own Salt Crystals
Equipment:
measuring spoon
beaker
magnifying glass
salt
hot water
paper clip
pencil
string
2 Add several spoonfuls of salt
to the hot water.
Stir with the measuring spoon
until it has all disappeared.
Add more salt and stir again.
Question: What happens to the
paper clip after a few days? You can
use your magnifying glass to better
examine the phenomenon.
Explanation: Crystals are solids
with regular geometric shapes, formed
by regular arrangements of particles.
Each crystal has its own shape.
Substances that form crystals are
described as crystalline. Lots of things,
such as salt, sugar and sand, are
7 Fill a beaker 3/4 full of hot water.
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Tie a paper clip on to one end of
a piece of thread.
Tie the other end around a pencil.
4 Drop the end of the thread with
the paper clip into the beaker.
Set the beaker aside for a few
days. Watch as the crystals grow.
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21
ACTIVITY 20 y If you do not have a bubble blower,
make one by simply bending some
flexible wire.
Crystal bubbles
Equipment:
bubble blower or flexible wire
liquid soap
water |
RGAE glean 7 Make a liquid soap mixture by
o É pp adding with your eye dropper,
еакег a few drops of the soap to a
beaker of water.
Take your bubble blower and soap A Letthe bubble begin to freeze.
mixture outside on a cold day. Examine the bubble with your
Dip the the blower into the mixture magnifying glass.
and blow a large bubble. Do you notice any tiny crystals
Try this a few times until you have forming on the bubble's surface?
a sturdy and large bubble.
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5 Ifthe weather is not so cold or
if you wish to accelerate the
freezing process, place your
bubble inside the freezer.
After few minutes, take it out
and examine again with your
magnifying glass.
22
Try to produce stalactites
Equipment:
2 glasses
1 plate
measuring Spoon
2 washers
3 lengths of string
(each about 25 cm long)
baking powder
hot water
Carefully fill the two glasses with
very hot water.
A Add several spoonfuls of
baking powder into each
glass. Quickly stir the
solution in order to
dissolve as much baking
powder as you can.
Please note:
Once the water cools,
it will not be possible to
add baking powder to the
solution and successfully
dissolve it.
Put the plate between the glasses.
Drop the ends of the string into the
glasses creating a set up as shown
below. Leave it for several days.
23
Twist together the three lengths
of string to make one thick string.
>” |
Tie a washer to each end of the
thick string.
Question: What do you notice
happening to the middle of the
string after several days?
Explanation: Stalactites are
long thin columns of minerals
hanging from the roofs of caves.
They form over many centuries
as the water drips and deposits
the minerals.
In this activity, the water and
baking powder from the glasses
move along the string and drip
down the middle.
After few days, you will notice
that stalactites Torm in the centre
of the string.
ACTIVITY 22 4 Fill up the beaker half way with
hot tap water.
Make your own rock candy
(Sugar Crystals)
Equipment:
measuring spoon
magnifying glass
beaker
string
pencil
sugar
hot water
2 Dissolve several spoonfuls of
' sugar into the hot tap water.
„т о a
y Drop the free end of the string
into the beaker.
Let this remain as is overnight.
5 Notice how sugar crystals
| formed overnight.
Your rock candy is
edible!!
ACTIVITY 23
Test the flow of fluids
Equipment:
water
cooking oll
glycerine
syrup
vinegar
emply jam jars
marbles
Fill the jars with the different
substances.
Drop a marble into each jar.
Carefully observe how the
marbles "dive" to the bottom
of the jars.
Note the differences in the
speed.
Explanation: You are testing the viscosity of the various substances.
The slower the marble falls, the higher the viscosity.
Viscosity is the ease of flow of a fluid.
25
Fill the test tube half way with
ACTIVITY 24 1 water and place it in the rack.
Separating Materials
Equipment:
test tube
sand
magnet
plastic tubing
test tube rack
measuring spoon
funnel
stopper
iron powder
filter paper
saucer
water
7 Add some sand to the test 3 Add some of the iron powder to
tube. the test tube.
4 Close the test tube with the Place a second test tube in the
stopper and shake it, mixing the rack. Put the funnel inside the
contents. test tube.
7 Pour the contents from the first
test tube into the second one.
rote: Only the water seeps
through the filter paper into the
test tube, the sand and the iron
powder remain in the funnel.
6 Fold the filter paper like a small
cone and place it into the funnel.
Pour the contents of the funnel
onto a saucer.
Let it dry in the sun.
A / IE
Connect your magnet to the 1() Hold the magnet just above the
plastic tubing as shown: saucer.
What happens?
Explanation: You have separated the liquid (water) from the solids by filtering.
By using magnetic attraction you have separated the solids (sand and iron
powder) from one another.
27
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Examining a magnet
= CU i pment;
magnet
paper
plastic (a
washer
nail
и
In your kit you will find a black cylinder.
This is a magnet.
Magnets can break if you drop them; in which case each piece will
become a magnet in its own right.
We know that certain objects stick to magnets. Experiment with the
parts in your kit and complete the following table.
item sticks to magnet =~ does not stick
paper clip
iron powder
paper
plastic
washer
mirror
Look round your home and add other objects to your list.
29
Create magnetic lines of force
Equipment:
magnet
paper
books ÉS
iron powder
Take a piece of clean paper about 9 inches square. Place it between two
flat books of the same size. Put the paper on the magnet so that the magnet
is in the middle of the underside of the paper. Take the small bag of iron powder
from your kit. Cut a very small part of one of the corners and lightly sprinkle a very
small amount onto the middle section of the paper, all around the magnet. Gently
tap the paper. Suddenly, you will see the iron powder forming a pattern around the
ends of the magnet. This is the pattern that you will get with all magnets. These
patterns are called Lines of Force.
Be careful not to spill the iron powder
onto the magnet, because you will
never get the powder off, and by now,
you know the reason why. Find a small
clean jar, or plastic bag at home. Make
J 7 sure that it is very dry and keep your
YEE iron powder in it for further use.
30
ACTIVITY 28
Create a nail magnet
Equipment:
magnet
nal
Take a nail and rub it hard on the magnet several times.
Now try and pick up a pin or a paper clip. You should have a weak magnet.
troke in gna diraction only...
lh fe as
TO) = a
lift magnet well above nail at the end of each stroke
How did this happen? Rubbing the nail on the magnet caused the atoms
to arrange themselves in such a way that the magnetic forces remained
in the nail and turned it into a magnet.
31
ACTIVITY 29
Make a compass
Equipment:
magnet
polystyrene pellet
cup
pins
1
Find a few pins from a sewing box. Take your magnet and rub a pin
as you did with the nail in Activity 28, making sure the point of the pin
is rubbed towards the north part of the magnet. Take a small ball of
polystyrene, push the magnetized pin through the middle, and put
it into a saucer of water. Check and see that the pin will slowly turn
towards the North.
32
ACTIVITY 30
Make a better
compass
Equipment:
magnet
beaker
pin
thread
adhesive tape
paper
pencil
1 Take a beaker or glass, and a pencil. Use another magnetized pin
“and thread it through a small piece of paper. Take a length of cotton
thread and attach one end to the paper with the pin, using adhesive
tape, and the other end to the pencil so that if you place the pencil
on top of the glass, the pin will hang in the middle of the glass.
You have a perfect compass.
Check and see if it is as exact as all the other compasses you have.
adhesive
A Tape
magnetized
plu
33
ACTIVITY 31
Mass attraction
Equipment:
magnet
pins
polystyrene pellets
plate
7 Get hold of several more pins and break off an equal number of
polystyrene pellets from the tray of this kit. Magnetize these pins
and insert them in the pellets. Now, take a large bowl and fill it
with water. Float all the pins in the water so that they do not touch
one another. Watch what happens after several minutes!
Can you explain this?
pins lined up north to south
bowl or soup plate TilleA with water
Explanation:
The Earth is like a big bar magnet - one end the North Pole, and the
other end, the South Pole. Any magnet suspended between these poles
will line up with the lines of the magnetic force. Your compass, being a
magnet, will always align itself so that it points to the North or South.
However, there is one small difference. A compass points to the Magnetic
North Pole, which is a distance from the true North Pole. All navigators have
to keep this in mind and they therefore make the correction or variation in
the calculation when navigating.
34
ACTIVITY 32
The reappearing coin
Equipment.
coin
beaker or glass cup
water
4 Place a coin at the bottom of an empty glass. Continue looking at the
coin through the opening of the glass while you move your head away.
Move away until you can see only a small part of the coin. Slowly
and without moving your head, pour water into the glass. As the
glass fills with water the rest of the coin will gradually appear! Why?
Es a a= 0
I r a = è
Expianation.
Light is “bent” when it passes from one medium, such as air, to
another, such as water. Scientist call this bending effect refraction of
light. When you looked at the coin in the empty glass you could see
only a part of it, but once the light rays were bent by the water,
you could see all of it.
35
ACTIVITY 33
The broken pen
Equipment:
pen
beaker or glass
water
Place a pen in a glass filled with water. Observe the pen from the side.
It appears to be “broken” at the water line. This “break” is caused by
the refraction of the light rays as they pass from the water to the air.
36
r mA
ACTIVITY
Since mirror images are laterally
inverted, you can produce “mirror
writing” which is very difficult
to read.
Mirror writing
ES pra pe ds
EQUIDMEnt.
pen
paper
mirror
1 First, write a message normally. Now place it in front of a mirror
and copy the message as it appears in the mirror.
To read back your message, place the mirror writing in front of the
mirror. Look into the mirror to read the writing normally again.
pen
paper
mirror
4 Draw a small figure, like a star, and place your mirror upright next to it.
Place a book so that it blocks your vision of the figure on the paper, but
so that you can still see the image in the mirror.
Now trace the figure with a pencil by looking only at the image in the
mirror. Difficult, isn’t it? а
A C ПУ! T
Test tube magnifier
Equipment:
test tube
water
stopper
1 A magnifier enlarges the apparent size of an object. It bends rays of light
SO you perceive an object as larger than it actually is.
To see how this works, completely fill your test tube with water. Stop
it up with the plastic stopper. Now hold it over a line of print in this book.
The test tube acts as a magnifying glass.
ACTIVITY 37
A magic coin
Equipment:
coin
paper
glass
7 Can you transfer the coin from the cardboard into the glass without
touching the glass or the coin?
Easy! Give the cardboard a sharp flick with your finger. The cardboard
will move forward, but the coin will remain in midair and then fall straight
into the glass!
The coin is “victim” of inertia. If you moved the cardboard slowly, then
the сот would move along with it because the force of gravity which
presses ine coin ons ca rüboard would be str ONE than an y inertia.
38
AM TIUITV 20
+» C 7 Vii E 30
Paper under the glass
Equipment:
glass
water
paper
1 Fill a glass nearly full with water. Place this on a sheet of paper.
Sharply jerk the paper out from under the glass. The glass should
remain in its place because it tends to resist being moved.
39
CTIVITY 29 4 Fill a shallow
ACTIVITY 39 — dish with cold,
clean water.
Soapy Tricks
Equipment: wa
Ly М
shallow dish with water Bn
black pepper or talcum powder — UN —
liquid soap or detergent == и E >
string =—
7 Sprinkle some black pepper 3 Add a drop of E: e
“ or talcum powder on the — liquid soap to the E Er
water's surface. | side of the dish. E a
Note how the particles _ N What happens tothe 1—“ ©
spread. 5 \ particles now? Ë Ei
TT ) a =
| |
A LA — = =
Explanation: The liquid soap dissolves and then breaks the surface
tension in that area. The floating particles move to the side opposite the
soap because the surface tension of the rest of the surface pulls them.
ACTIVITY 40
Can you break surface tension?
41 Empty out the dish and 5 Add a drop
rinse it. “of liquid soap
Fill it with clean water. inside the loop.
Tie a piece of string into What happens
a loop, and float it on to the loop of
the surface of the string?
water.
Explanation: The string forms a circle due to a change in the surface tension
caused by the soap. See what happens with ordinary household items such
as a paper clip or needle. The items should float in tap water, and then will
sink when you add the liquid soap, reducing the surface tension.
40
ACTIVITY 41 1 Punch out about 20 small circles
with the hole puncher.
Spread out the
circles on a table.
Can you make paper jump?
Equipment:
piece of paper
hole puncher
balloon
table
2 Blow up an average sized
balloon and tie a knot.
3 Rub the balloon a few times
on your hair.
Make sure that your hair is
oil-free.
4 Now hold the
balloon slightly
above the
circles.
What happens?
Explanation:
The paper is made up of atoms. Positive (protons) and negative (electrons)
charges are found within an atom. These charges are usually balanced and
the atom is then electrically neutral. By rubbing the balloon on your hair, you
disrupt this electrical balance, creating an electric charge.
This is called static siectricity. Static electricity overcomes the force of gravity
and allows the paper to jump towards the balloon.
41
A AAT FT TN
{ TIVITY A755
A С, { à V ÿ fy 7 =
Es
Can you squeeze a hard
boiled egg into a bottle?
Adult supervision
‘= Is required for this
activity
= É =o en wf in
La y {J J PIT er Ё п
several peeled hard boiled eggs
bottle with opening slightly
smaller than size of egg
cooking oil or margarine
matches
piece of paper
У p 3
=
a
Smear
cooking oil
or margarine
around the
mouth of
the bottle.
Quickly (and carefully)
place the burning
paper inside the bottle.
Place the egg over
the opening of the
bottle.
What happens?
Boil several eggs until
they are hard-boiled.
Cool them with cold water,
and then peel off their
shells.
Fold a4 x 4 inch
piece of paper into
an "accordion-like"
shape.
Using the matches
light the paper.
Explanation: The gases within the
bottle are heated by the burning
paper and expand.
When the flame goes out, the gases
contract.
A partial vacuum is then formed
inside the bottle.
The air pressure around the bottle
opening and the egg do the rest,
working like a valve, and plop! -
the egg falls into the bottle.
ACTIVITY 43 1
Can you remove the Hiv the
egg from the bottle? With
+ Adult supervision 2 water. ETT
>. 15 required for this A
RETA e SNA
water ses.
the bottle and see Вещи
the egg from es
the previous i A ==
activity #9 =F Te
m
< 3
Turn the bottle to its side. With your
: : Turn the bottle upside-down,
Mor push the egg to one side of so that the egg blocks the
bottle UR opening from the
inside.
в dal 7 Hold the bottle upside-down
burnt paper and blow as hard as you
can into the bottle.
Release your mouth from
the
bottle.
The egg should fall out.
RK NV
1
$
*
Explanation: The air pressure
inside the bottle rises as you blow
air inside.
The higher air pressure behind
the egg slowly forces it out of
the bottle.
43
| Measure 15 ml of water © |
ACTIVITY 44 1 in your measuring cup.
Pour it into the test
Can you mix oil and water? tube.
Equipment:
test tube
test tube rack
measuring cup
measuring spoon
siopper
eye dropper
= food colouring (green)
О!
water
2 Use your eye dropper to add
5 drops of the food colouring to
the water.
3 Close the test tube with the
stopper.
Carefully shake the test tube
a few times.
Observe how nicely they mix
together.
Remove the stopper, replace
the test tube in the rack and
add 5 ml of oil to the test tube.
kan
nf
44
5 Securely close the test tube
again and shake it well, about
10 to 12 times.
Observe the results.
6 Leave the test tube in the rack
for a few minutes.
What do you see?
Explanation: |
Water and food colouring mix together creating, by definition a solution.
Oil and water do not mix with one another, creating an immiscible solution.
More explanation: The oil and water do not really mix together, and the
two substances start to separate from one another as soon as you let them
sit still. After a few minutes, you will notice a few layers in the jar. The water
is heavier and sinks to the bottom. The middle layer is a combination of oil
and water. The top layer is almost all oil. After several hours, all of the oil
will rise to the top, and all of the water will sink to the bottom.
45
Make sure the beaker is clean.
ACTIVITY 45 1 it with fresh milk,
How can milk be separated?
Equipment:
milk
vinegar
beaker
measuing cup
measuring spoon
2 Using your measuring spoon,
add 20 mi of vinegar to the milk.
7 Mix together with your
measuring spoon.
4 Leave the jar alone for a few
minutes.
What happens? pu Е
Explanation: You have separated the milk into two parts - a clear liquid and
a white solid. Milk is a colloid, a mixture of liquids and tiny particles spread
evenly throughout the liquid. When you added the vinegar, this caused the
tiny particles to join together into a solid called curd. The liquid portion is
called the whey. Does this remind you of any nursery rhyme?
46
ACTIVITY 46 4 Fill up both of the glass jars with water.
Soapy Substances
Equipment:
2 jars with lids
2 small rags
laundry detergent
grease
water
7 Dip both rags into the grease so that
each rag has the same amount of
grease.
Add some
laundry
detergent
to only one
of the jars.
Place one rag into
each
jar and cover them
with the lids.
5 Shake each jar for about five minutes.
Open the jars and remove the rags.
Question: Do you notice the same amount of grease left on each rag?
Explanation: The soapy water removed most of the grease from the rag,
while the plain water did not. This is due to the fact that the grease contains
oil and oil cannot dissolve in water. The soap has a different molecular
structure which can break down and remove the grease.
47
ACTIVITY 47 1
Different kinds of water
Is tap water hard or sort?
Equipment:
3 clean transparent jars with lids
tap water
Epsom salt —
detergent { À
measuring spoon A
2 Putonejar aside. En
Label this: Ade =
soft water. WATER |
3 Add two spoonfuls of E 4
Epsom salt to the lio
second jar and stir. AE
Label this: To = !
hard water. \
| WATER |
5 Now add a bit of detergent to each
jar.
Cover each jar and shake them
about 20 times.
48
You will need to wait for a rainy
day to perform this experiment.
Collect enough rainwater so that
you can fill two jars halfway.
À
£ =
—
a
— —
= цен ——
Fill the third jar =
halfway with | ы
ordinary tap да N
water. Го |
| 4
| JE
Question: Is there a
different amount of soap
bubbles in each jar?
Explanation: Hard water
contains minerals, soft
water does not. The best
source of soft water is
E directly from the rain.
A The softer the water
(meaning with the fewest
minerals), the better it
reacts with the detergent.
ACTIVITY 48
Descending Chromatography
Equipment;
strip of filter paper
pencil
beaker
glass or glass jar
water
green felt tip pen
1 Em
\
A
=
f=
Cut a piece of filter
paper 14 cm long
and 2 cm wide.
9
£
14 cm
Draw a pencil line
3 cm from the top
of the paper, and
another line 1 cm
below.
Make a green
pen mark below
the second pencil
line.
Bory
Trim the paper A ss
at the bottom y. >
edges to form
a triangle.
Fa
r
hd
Fill the beaker
almost to the top
with water.
Place it on top of
an inverted glass.
6
Bend the paper
on the two pencil
lines and hang it
from the beaker,
as shown:
== ——— “e И
Watch patiently
as you see the ve |
chromatogram e
develop. | |
Notice how the | |
blue ink from (4. | |
the green pen "TT
has separated < mE
from the |
mixture.
In due time, the
blue ink will |
reach the tip ee |
of the paper 7 x
and drip down. AS
Explanation: Chromatography
is the method which enables us
to separate coloured substances.
It is often used in laboratories to
obtain pure substances from a
mixtures.
"Chromo" means colour in greek.
ACTIVITY 49
Textile Pop Art
Equipment:
eye dropper
green felt tip pen
bowl
handkerchief or old white "T" shirt
(get adult permission before
using an article of clothing)
2 Using the eye dropper, place a
drop of water into the middle
of ad
the circle. SN
SB ри
E gai
mu к — у == e,
4 As the circle expands, continue
adding water, drop by drop, in the
middle of the circle.
Stop adding the drops of water
when you are pleased with the
design.
сл
Spread a handkerchief or a white
"T" shirt over a kitchen bowl.
Use the material as if it were a
piece of paper.
Draw a circle with a green pen.
The cloth will absorb the water
and the circle will grow.
Let the cloth dry.
Show your new garment to friends.
You created a "magic" design.
You can wash the cloth and it will
be as good as new.
Now fry this: If you have another water-based pen of a different colour,
you can repeat the above procedure and get an even more colourful
handkerchief,
ACTIVITY 50 4 Fill the beaker half way with
water and pour it into a bowl.
Cornstarch monster
Equipment:
beaker
bowl!
stirrer
2 marbles
cornstarch
food colouring
water /
2 Using your eye dropper, add
five drops of food colouring
to the water.
3 Dry the beaker.
Fill it up with cornstarch, and
pour into the bowl.
4 Mix the ingredients well with the
stirrer.
51
5 Start to roll the dough. 6 Now place the marbles into the
It should feel drier and sticky. dough, and you will see that have
made a "cornstarch monster."
ACTIVITY 51 1 Combine in a bowl 1 beaker of
flour with 1 beaker of water and
" mix until creamy. |
Home-Made Paste for (For a longer lasting paste,
Home-Made Decorations use half a beaker of flour and
1 beaker of boiling water.)
Equipment:
bowl
stirrer
beaker
paints
paint brush
old newspapers
3 Cover the bowl with a towel
and store in a cabinet for a few
hours.
4 This home-made paste is good
for paper-maché-projects.
Tear the newspaper into strips
about two fingers wide. .
Dip the newspaper strips into the
paste you made.
ka ° = THE hau. Da ,
a u ‘5 known as baking soda, i» —
AEM Kit nel at A lemon juice or vinegar) ,
ar af ing wilh: Zn "a 5
les covered it it in > Each activity 15 colourfully illustrated in order to giv
heslo 0 en ;
Ad bases. chromates” в, о visual explanation of what to do, as well as simple ac
belive ang t,o, lo follow instructions. Read the text with the child, a
Ads 0 Ua Sin "ho, "6j, aver the steps together. Make sure that the ©
child 10 work independently. He e “lig, OF “ma “Я prepared ail of the equipment before
Quina adult supervisión and ага Pes Sa Kay Th, DO
Dr, и ной
ours of some of the objects ray sign 203, (ое O ys; "nar
В В #
dinary household items are necessary and api Ÿ# da, He
A of PL nquepmænt at the Begira of aach a. OF 4 Ag rr So
“Tue dure visa 30 =
known ns baking soda, 15 =
lemon juice or vinegar) 5
+4 colour té"
rl
ae weh
ETE TT a1 with a
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inown as baking soda, is used for cooking. e [auch “9g, St, Ba im fo, с
lemon juice or vinegar), nar ty” as Me ever he ale
Each a, ‘i da wean En pa F dere = i
explanation ef y a da, as well as simple & “e rc orah o" de “tally ar
10 follow instructions. Read he test with the cl. i a te Mita ar
wer ha steps together. Make sure that the * Bie о AO y
+4 prapared alí ol the equipment balor a
“ain PA ‘Эл E ==
—— o Te
6 Blow up a balloon and use it as 7 Paint and decorate.
the base.
Put the damp newspaper strips
over the balloon.
Make a few layers, covering the
whole balloon.
at
OS e
> ое
NA
o WB
53
Using your measuring cup,
ACTIVITY 52 1 measure 10 ml of Borax solution
and pour it into the beaker.
Making Gook
ña
-
= WN \
Equipment: NE
* | | A A
measuring spoon
measuring cup
eye dropper
plastic bag with ziploc
Borax solution
food colouring (green)
white glue
2 Fill the measuring cup up to the top
(30 ml) tap water and add it to with
the beaker Using your eye dropper, add
5 drops of food colouring.
2
ci
& № \
= ; SIN |
\ OW ] il
bado
Now add 20 ml of white glue.
Stir well. Pour the mixture into a small
\ plastic ziploc bag.
FA e" )
\ \ a _ 4
- ——— nf = = — ea \
7 \ LN > \
© :
| athlete
/
Close the plastic ziplog bag tightly.
To remove the gook, just turn the
bag inside out.
Now your are ready to play with
your own homemade gook.
When your are finished, store it in
a plastic bag for playing with
again later.
у
Using both of your hands, start
kneading the material in the
securely closed plastic bag.
Keep on doing this for about
10 minutes.
The mixture will gradually
get a uniform consistency.
Fill up your measuring cup with
ACTIVITY 53 7 vinegar and set it aside.
Making Plastic From Milk
а Adult supervision
‘+ = is required for this
— activity
Equipment:
measuring cup
stirrer
small metal pot
heavy cream
vinegar 3 When the cream begins to boil,
add the vinegar.
2 Heat up 150 g of heavy cream
in a small pot.
Stir until the contents of the pot
become rubbery.
Remove the pot from the heat.
5 When the rubber cools down,
rinse it for a few minutes under
running water.
You now have your own
homemade plastic.
— — >
Explanation: In your mixture, Ш > à A =
the acidic chemicals in the | |; 4 A E
vinegar react with the organic dee
milk chemicals, producing the Aaa
plastic.
56
ACTIVITY 54 4 Fill a dish with water.
Stand a flat mirror in the dish.
Make a rainbow
Equipment:
dish
water
mirror
white paper
a sunny day
Note:
The mirror in your kit is
protected with a thin covering.
Peel this off before use.
2 Place the dish so that the sun
shines onto the mirror.
3 Hold up a sheet of white paper
facing the mirror and move it
until rainbow colours appear on it.
Explanation:
Rainbows appear in the sky when there is bright sunlight and rain.
When the sunlight enters a water drop, the water drop acts like a mirror.
The white sunlight is split up into the seven colours of the rainbow, and the
rays are dispersed, creating the form of a bow.
Note: You will only be able to see a rainbow if the sun is behind you, and
you are standing facing the rain.
57
ACTIVITY 55 End ieaming
== activity
About photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the chemical process by which the green plants make their
food.
Photo means light. During the day, in the presence of sunlight, photosynthesis
occurs.
Green plants absorb Carbon Dioxide (C02) from the air and use it, together
with water {(H20) and nutrients they absorb from the soil, in order to synthesize
the food they need for growth and energy.
This chemical process releases Oxygen (02) to the air.
As you probably know, animals breathe Oxygen in order to stay alive. They
breathe in Oxygen and expel Carbon Dioxide back to the air.
These facts prove to us how important plant life is in order to maintain the
balance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the air, and how plants and animals
interact, helping each other to survive on our planet.
Observation:
In the absence of sunlight, photosynthesis cannot occur.
During the night, the plants, as do the animals, breathe in Oxygen and release
Carbon Dioxide.
58
ACTIVITY 56
Green leaves under the Sun
Equipment:
young and healthy green plant
paper clip
a little piece of paper
1 Place a plant in a sunny spot.
2 Using a paper clip, attach the
paper to the leaf, as shown.
3 Leave the plant in the same
place for a week.
4 A week later, remove the paper
from the leaf.
Can you see the difference of
colour between the covered leaf
and the uncovered ones?
Explanation:
Chnloroonyil is the green pigment found
in green leaves.
In order to produce chlorophyll, the leaf
needs sunlight.
By placing the paper on the leaf you prevented
the sun's rays from reaching this particular leaf.
It was not able to produce chlorophyll and
therefore it is not as green as the other leaves.
59
ACTIVITY 57
Do plants sweat?
Equipment:
young and healthy plant
magnifying glass
petroleum jelly (or any hand cream)
water
1 Spread petroleum jelly on both surfaces
of one leaf of a healthy and young plant.
9 Water the plant and place it in a sunny
spot for a few days.
3 Check your plant during the
next few days.
What happened to the leaf?
Use your magnifying glass
to study the changes daily.
Explanation:
Transpiration is the loss of water as
a result of exposure to heat.
To transpirate is to sweat. When we sweat, tiny drops of water leave our
bodies, preventing overheating.
The plants sweat through many tiny holes in the leaves called stomata.
By spreading the petroleum jelly, you close most of these tiny holes, and
almost prevent the leaf from transpiring.
The leaf, unable to release water and heat, withered and died.
60
Place a bean seed into your measuring cup.
ACTIVITY 58 1 Add tap water to it so it covers the seed
completely.
Inside a seed... Let it soak overnight.
Adult supervision (
(+ is required for this €
LL. activity
Equipment:
measuring cup
magnifying glass
blunt knife
bean seed
water
2 Remove the seed from the water,
it should feel much softer than
when you first placed it in the cup.
It should also be bigger and its
covering has probably loosened. 3 Gently peel off the seed'’s
covering, which is called testa.
4 Carefully use a blunt knife to split 5 Using your magnifying glass,
the bean into half. examine the seed inside.
Explanation:
The seed absorbed water overnight and started to grow and develop.
This tiny plant inside the seed is called an embryo and could grow to be the
next plant. The remaining material in the seed is called cotyledon and
provides the food for the young plant when it begins to grow.
61
ACTIVITY 59 7 Wet two lumps of cotton wool and place
each one into separate measuring
cups.
Sunlight and growth
—
—
| Adult supervision
'\ = 15 required for this
activity
Equipment:
2 measuring cups
tweezers
scissors
adhesive tape
2 bean seeds
cotton wool
black cardboard
18 X18 cm (7 X 7 in)
water
2 Heat up some water until steam appears.
Carefully dip two bean seeds in it and let them
soak for about 15 minutes.
Using your tweezers, take the seeds out of the
warm water and place each one of them into a
measuring cup, above the wet cotton wool.
3 Using the black cardboard square (18 X 18 cm or 7 X 7 in), do the following:
4 Cut the cardboard into two equal 5 Fold each piece in four,
pieces. as shown:
6 Cut one of the two cardboard
pieces, as below:
7 Using adhesive tape, and the
cardboard you just cut, build
this:
Again, using adhesive
tape, and the other piece
of cardboard, build this:
g You have built 2 boxes. Use them 10 Stand the boxes side by side.
to cover the measuring cups with Keep them exposed to sunlight
the beans inside them. for at least a week.
=
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Explanation:
The bean seeds will start to grow, just as in the previous activity.
In order to sprout, they will need water (from the wet cotton), food (the
cotyledon from the seeds), and sunlight,
The first two conditions remain the same for both of the seeds. The third
condition is different, as the boxes covering the seeds are not the same.
The newborn plants will search for the sun's rays and will grow towards them.
At first, the seeds develop very similarly.
You will enjoy observing the growth of the
tiny leaves coming out of the open seeds,
and watching how the roots are formed
into the piece of cotton.
Note the development of the stem.
If you wait patiently enough, you will also
be amazed by how each plant continues
to grow.
63
Distributed By:
ACTIVITY 60 Elenco® Electronics, Inc.
150 Carpenter Avenue
Wheeling, IL 60090 = 7 NY
How much can a plant drink? (847) 541-3800 © Fax: (847) 520-0085 = Sais | AE y
Web site: www.elenco.com LOL E
Equipment: e-mail: elenco@elenco com
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young and healthy plant
water
Explanation:
To keep most plants healthy,
you have to water them every so
often, keeping the soil a little damp. a
This way your plants will grow
"happily" and look strong and
healthy.
1 Water your plant whenever
you notice that the soil is
starting to dry up.
Touch the soil with your fingers,
learn to sense how moist it is.
More explanation:
If you stop watering your plants,
the soil will completely dry up
within several days. The plants
will not look healthy or happy.
Avoid this, do not let your plants
die of thirst.
On the other hand, you should not
give your plants too much to drink.
If you over-water, the soil will remain
quite wet and the roots will be
permanently under water.
They will not be able to breathe properly.
Soon enough, they will rot, and again,
your plants will look even "unhappier,”...
and the damage may be irreversible!
2 After watering, check if any water
accumulated in the saucer underneath
the plant pot.
If so, touch the soll, if it feels very wet,
pour out the excess water from the saucer.
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64 P38-07075-81001001 |
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