Zyxel NBG-419N Wireless N Home Router User's Guide
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NBG-419N
Wireless N Home Router
Default Login Details
IP Address Password http://192.168.1.1
1234 Firmware Version 1.0
Edition 1, 4/2009
www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
Copyright © 2009 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NBG-419N using the Web Configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
• Supporting Disc Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: [email protected]
NBG-419N User’s Guide
3
About This User's Guide
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. See http://www.zyxel.com/ web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The NBG-419N may be referred to as the “NBG-419N”, the “device”, the “product” or the “system” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in
bold
font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting
means you first click
Maintenance
in the navigation panel, then the
Log
sub menu and finally the
Log Setting
tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
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5
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The NBG-419N icon is not an exact representation of your device.
NBG-419N Computer Notebook computer Server Modem Firewall Telephone Switch Router
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. • Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Safety Warnings
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Contents Overview
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Part IV: Management............................................................................ 169
21.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration ............................ 177
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Part V: Maintenance and Troubleshooting ........................................ 193
NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 227
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
P
ART
I
Introduction
Getting to Know Your NBG-419N (21)
Introducing the Web Configurator (37)
19
20
C H A P T E R
Getting to Know Your NBG-419N 1.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG-419N.
The NBG-419N extends the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring, providing easy network access to mobile users. You can set up a wireless network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices.
A range of services such as a firewall and content filtering are also available for secure Internet computing. You can use media bandwidth management to efficiently manage traffic on your network. Bandwidth management features allow you to prioritize time-sensitive or highly important applications such as Voice over the Internet (VoIP).
1.2 Applications
Your can create the following networks using the NBG-419N: •
Wired
. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG 419N so that they can communicate with each other and access the Internet.
•
Wireless
. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG-419N to access network resources.
•
WAN
. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access.
Figure 1
NBG-419N Network
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG-419N
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG-419N
Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG-419N.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG 419N using a (supported) web browser.
• Wireless switch. You can use the built-in switch of the NBG-419N to turn the wireless function on and off without opening the Web Configurator. • WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) button. You can use the WPS button or the WPS section of the Web Configurator to set up a wireless network with your ZyXEL Device.
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG-419N
Do the following things regularly to make the NBG-419N more secure and to manage the NBG-419N more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the NBG-419N to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG-419N. You could simply restore your last configuration.
1.5 LEDs
Figure 2
Front Panel
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG-419N The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button.
Table 1
Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button
LED
POWER
COLOR
Green
STATUS
On Off
DESCRIPTION
The NBG-419N is receiving power and functioning properly. The NBG-419N is not receiving power.
WLAN WPS Green Green On Blinking Off On Blinking Off The NBG-419N is ready, but is not sending/ receiving data through the wireless LAN. The NBG-419N is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN.
The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed.
WPS is enabled. The NBG-419N is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless client.
The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed.
WAN Green LAN 1-4 Green On Blinking Off On Blinking Off The NBG-419N has a successful 10/100MB WAN connection.
The NBG-419N is sending/receiving data through the WAN.
The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed.
The NBG-419N has a successful 10/100MB Ethernet connection. The NBG-419N is sending/receiving data through the LAN.
The LAN is not connected.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG-419N
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
C H A P T E R
Connection Wizard 2.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the Web Configurator.
The Web Configurator’s wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the Internet. Refer to your ISP for your Internet account information. Leave a field blank if you don’t have that information.
2.2 Accessing the Wizard
Launch your web browser and type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Type "1234" (default) as the password and click
Login
.
Note: The Wizard appears when the NBG-419N is accessed for the first time or when you reset the NBG-419N to its default factory settings.
The Wizard screen opens. Choose your
Language
and click
Connect to Internet.
Figure 3
Welcome
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
2.3 Connect to Internet
The NBG-419N offers five Internet connection types. They are
Static IP
,
DHCP
,
PPPoE
,
PPTP
or
L2TP
. The wizard attempts to detect which WAN connection type you are using.
Figure 4
Detecting your Internet Connection Type
If the wizard does not detect a connection type, you must select one from the drop-down list box. Check with your ISP to make sure you use the correct type.
Note: If you get an error message, check your hardware connections. Make sure your Internet connection is up and running.
The following screen depends on your Internet connection type. Enter the details provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) in the fields (if any).
Figure 5
Internet Connection Type
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Your NBG-419N detects the following Internet Connection type.
Table 2
Internet Connection Type
CONNECTION TYPE
Static IP DHCP
DESCRIPTION
Select the
Static IP
if an administrator assigns the IP address of your computer. Select the
DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
Table 2
Internet Connection Type
CONNECTION TYPE
PPPoE
DESCRIPTION
PPTP L2TP Select the
PPPoE
(Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) option for a dial-up connection.
Select the
PPTP
subnet mask.
(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) option for a dial-up connection, and your ISP gave you an IP address and/or Select the
L2TP
(Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol) if you are connecting to another device over another network (like the Internet or VPN).
2.3.1 Connection Type: DHCP
Choose
DHCP
as the
Internet Connection Type
when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Click
Next
.
Figure 6
Internet Connection Type: DHCP
Note: If you get an error screen after clicking
Next
, you might have selected the wrong Internet Connection type. Click
Back
, make sure your Internet connection is working and select the right Connection Type. Contact your ISP if you are not sure of your Internet Connection type.
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Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
2.3.2 Connection Type: Static IP
Choose
Static IP
as the
Internet Connection Type
if your ISP assigned an IP address for your Internet connection. Click
Next
.
Figure 7
Internet Connection Type: Static IP The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 3
Internet Connection Type: Static IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Internet Connection Type IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway Primary DNS Select the
Static IP
option.
Enter the IP address provided by your ISP.
Enter the IP subnet mask in this field.
Enter the gateway IP address in this field.
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG-419N uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for DDNS and the time server.
Secondary DNS Exit Back Next Enter the primary DNS server's IP address in the fields provided.
Enter the secondary DNS server's IP address in the fields provided.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Click this to return to the previous screen.
Click this to continue.
2.3.3 Connection Type: PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection. PPPoE is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard personal computer interacts with a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data networks.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for instance, RADIUS). One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/ carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscriber's site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-419N (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG-419N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access.
Figure 8
Internet Connection Type: PPPoE The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 4
Internet Connection Type: PPPoE
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Internet Connection Type Select the
PPPoE
option for a dial-up connection.
Dynamic IP Static IP IP Address User Name Password Exit Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-419N a fixed, unique IP address.
Type the name of your service provider.
Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
Table 4
Internet Connection Type: PPPoE
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Back Next Click this to return to the previous screen.
Click this to continue.
2.3.4 Connection Type: PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables transfers of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet.
Refer to the appendix for more information on PPTP.
The NBG-419N supports one PPTP server connection at any given time.
Figure 9
Internet Connection Type: PPTP
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The following table describes the fields in this screen
Table 5
Internet Connection Type: PPTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Internet Connection Type Select
PPTP
from the drop-down list box. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the
User Name
and
Password
fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.
Dynamic IP Static IP PPTP Address PPTP Subnet Mask Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-419N a fixed, unique IP address.
Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP.
Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given).
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
Table 5
Internet Connection Type: PPTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PPTP Gateway IP Address PPTP Server IP Address User Name Password Exit Back Next Type the gateway IP address of the PPTP server.
Type the server IP address of the PPTP server.
Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Click this to return to the previous screen.
Click this to continue.
2.3.5 Connection Type: L2TP
The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) works at layer 2 (the data link layer) to tunnel network traffic between two peer devices over another network (like the Internet).
Figure 10
Internet Connection Type: L2TP The following table describes the fields in this screen
Table 6
Internet Connection Type: L2TP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Internet Connection Type Select
L2TP
from the drop-down list box. Dynamic IP Static IP L2TP Address L2TP Subnet Mask Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-419N a fixed, unique IP address.
Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP.
Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given).
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Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
Table 6
Internet Connection Type: L2TP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
L2TP Gateway IP Address L2TP Server IP Address User Name Password Exit Back Next Type the gateway IP address of the L2TP server.
Type the server IP address of the L2TP server.
Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Click this to return to the previous screen.
Click this to continue. The NBG-419N connects to the Internet.
Figure 11
Connecting to the Internet Note: If the Wizard successfully connects to the Internet, it proceeds to the next step. If you get an error message, go back to the previous screen and make sure you have entered the correct information provided by your ISP.
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
2.4 Router Password
Change the login password in the following screen. Enter the new password and retype it to confirm. Click
Next
to proceed with the
Wireless Security
screen
.
Figure 12
Router Password
2.5 Wireless Security
Configure Wireless Settings. Configure the wireless network settings on your NBG 419N in the following screen. The fields that show up depend on the kind of security you select.
2.5.1 Wireless Security: No Security
Choose
No Security
in the Wireless Security screen to let wireless devices within range access your wireless network.
Figure 13
Wireless Security: No Security
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33
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7
Wireless Security: No Security
LABEL
Wireless Network Name (SSID) Security mode
DESCRIPTION
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the NBG-419N, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network. Select a
Security
level from the drop-down list box. Exit Back Next Choose
None
to have no wireless LAN security configured. If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG-419N, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Click this to return to the previous screen.
Click this to continue.
2.5.2 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Choose
WPA-PSK
or
WPA2-PSK
security in the Wireless Security screen to set up a password for your wireless network.
Figure 14
Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8
Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
LABEL
Wireless Network Name (SSID) Security mode
DESCRIPTION
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the NBG-419N, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network. Select a
Security
level from the drop-down list box.
Wireless password Verify Password Exit Back Next Choose
WPA-PSK
PSK respectively.
or
WPA2-PSK
security to configure a Pre-Shared Key. Choose this option only if your wireless clients support WPA-PSK or WPA2 Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens.
Retype the password to confirm.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Click this to return to the previous screen.
Click this to continue. Congratulations! Open a web browser, such as Internet Explorer, to visit your favorite website.
Note: If you cannot access the Internet when your computer is connected to one of the NBG-419N’s LAN ports, check your connections. Then turn the NBG-419N off, wait for a few seconds then turn it back on. If that does not work, log in to the web configurator again and check you have typed all information correctly. See the User’s Guide for more suggestions.
Figure 15
Congratulations
You can also click
ZyGO
to open the
Easy Mode
Web Configurator of your NBG 419N.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
35
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard You have successfully set up your NBG-419N to operate on your network and access the Internet. You are now ready to connect wirelessly to your NBG-419N and access the Internet.
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
C H A P T E R
Introducing the Web Configurator 3.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to access the NBG-419N Web Configurator and provides an overview of its screens.
The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and management of the NBG-419N via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions or Safari 2.0 or later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter ( Chapter 31 on page 215 ) to see how to
make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer.
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator
1
Make sure your NBG-419N hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer network to connect to the NBG-419N (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2
Launch your web browser.
3
Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address.
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Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
3.2.1 Login Screen
Note: If this is the first time you are accessing the Web Configurator, you may be
redirected to the Wizard. Refer to
for the Connection
Wizard screens.
The Web Configurator initially displays the following login screen.
Figure 16
Login screen
38
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9
Login screen
LABEL
Password Language
DESCRIPTION
Type "1234" (default) as the password. Select the language you want to use to configure the Web Configurator. Click
Login
.
This shows the current weather, either in celsius or fahrenheit, of the city you specify in
.
This shows the time (hh:mm:ss) and date (yyyy:mm:dd) of the timezone you select in
or Section 26.3 on page 199 . The time is in 24-hour format, for example 15:00 is 3:00 PM.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
3.2.2 Password Screen
You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next.
Figure 17
Change Password Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10
Change Password Screen
LABEL
New Password Retype to Confirm Apply Ignore
DESCRIPTION
Type a new password. Retype the password for confirmation .
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Ignore
if you do not want to change the password this time.
Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the
Administrator Inactivity Timer
field expires (default five minutes; go to
to change this). Simply log back into the NBG-419N if
this happens.
3.2.3 Home Screen
If you have previously logged into the Web Configurator but did not click
Logout
, you may be redirected to the Home screen.
You can also open this screen by clicking
Home
Mode or Expert mode screens.
( or ) in the Easy NBG-419N User’s Guide
39
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator The Home screen displays as follows.
Figure 18
Home Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11
Home Screen
LABEL
Go Language
DESCRIPTION
Click this to open the Easy mode Web Configurator. Select a language to go to the Easy mode Web Configurator in that language and click
Login
.
(This is just an example). This shows the current weather, either in celsius or fahrenheit, of the city you specify in
.
(This is just an example). This shows the time (hh:mm:ss) and date
(yyyy:mm:dd) of the timezone you select in Section 3.2.3.2 on page 41
or
3.2.3.1 Weather Edit
You can change the temperature unit and select the location for which you want to know the weather.
Click the icon to change the Weather display.
Figure 19
Change Weather
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12
Change Weather
LABEL
o C or o F Change Location Finish
DESCRIPTION
Choose which temperature unit you want the NBG-419N to display. Select the location for which you want to know the weather . If the city you want is not listed, choose one that is closest to it.
Click this to apply the settings and refresh the date and time display.
3.2.3.2 Time/Date Edit
One timezone can cover more than one country. You can choose a particular country in which the NBG-419N is located and have the NBG-419N display and use the current time and date for its logs. Click the icon to change the Weather display.
Figure 20
Change Password Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13
Change Password Screen
LABEL
Change time zone Finish
DESCRIPTION
Select the specific country whose current time and date you want the NBG-419N to display .
Click this to apply the settings and refresh the weather display.
Note: You can also edit the timezone in
.
3.3 Resetting the NBG-419N
If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the
RESET
button at the back of the NBG-419N to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the password will be reset to “1234” and the IP address will be reset to “192.168.1.1”.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
41
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button 1
Make sure the power LED is on.
2
Press the
RESET
button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-419N.
3
Press the
RESET
button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-419N back to its factory-default configurations.
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NBG-419N User’s Guide
C H A P T E R
Monitor 4.1 Overview
This chapter discusses read-only information related to the device state of the NBG-419N.
Note: To access the Monitor screens, you can also click the links in the Summary table of the Status screen to view the bandwidth consumed, packets sent/ received as well as the status of clients connected to the NBG-419N.
4.2 What You Can Do
• Use the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.
BW MGMT Monitor
screen (
Section 4.3 on page 43 ) to view the
• Use the
DHCP Table
screen ( Section 4.4 on page 44 ) to view information
related to your DHCP status.
• use the
Packet Statistics
screen (
Section 4.5 on page 45 ) to view port status,
packet specific statistics, the "system up time" and so on.
• Use the
WLAN Station Status
screen (
Section 4.6 on page 46 ) to view the
wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-419N.
4.3 BW MGMT Monitor
The Bandwidth Management (BW MGMT) Monitor allows you to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.
The bandwidth is measured in kilobits per second (kbps).
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Chapter 4 Monitor The monitor shows what kinds of applications are running in the network, the maximum kbps that each application can use, as well as the percentage of bandwidth it is using.
Figure 21
Summary: BW MGMT Monitor
4.4 DHCP Table
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG-419N’s LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG-419N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on that network, or else the computer must be manually configured.
Click the
DHCP Table (Details...)
DHCP client information (including hyperlink in the
IP Address
,
Status Host
screen. Read-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current
Name
and
MAC Address
) of all network clients using the NBG-419N’s DHCP server.
Figure 22
Summary: DHCP Table
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Chapter 4 Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14
Summary: DHCP Table
LABEL
#
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the host computer.
MAC Address This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the
Host Name
field.
IP Address Expires in Refresh Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
This field displays the time when the IP address and MAC address association ends.
Click
Refresh
to renew the screen.
4.5 Packet Statistics
Click the
Packet Statistics (Details...)
"system up time". The
Poll Interval(s)
hyperlink in the
Status
screen. Read only information here includes port status, packet specific statistics and the field is configurable and is used for refreshing the screen.
Figure 23
Summary: Packet Statistics
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45
Chapter 4 Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15
Summary: Packet Statistics
LABEL
Port Status
DESCRIPTION
This is the NBG-419N’s port type.
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or
Down
when the line is disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet encapsulation and
Idle
(line (ppp) idle),
Dial
(starting to trigger a call) and
Drop
(dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays
Down
when the line is disconnected.
TxPkts RxPkts Collisions Tx B/s Rx B/s Up Time System Up Time Poll Interval(s) Set Interval Stop For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and
Down
when the WLAN is disabled.
This is the number of transmitted packets on this port.
This is the number of received packets on this port.
This is the number of collisions on this port.
This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port.
This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port.
This is the total time the NBG-419N has been for each session.
This is the total time the NBG-419N has been on.
Enter the time interval in seconds for refreshing statistics in this field.
Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the
Poll Interval(s)
field.
Click
Stop
to stop refreshing statistics.
4.6 WLAN Station Status
Click the
WLAN Station Status (Details...)
hyperlink in the
Status
screen. View the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-419N in the
Association List
. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your network or computer with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings.
Figure 24
Summary: Wireless Association List
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Chapter 4 Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16
Summary: Wireless Association List
LABEL
# MAC Address Association Time Refresh
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of an associated wireless station. This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station.
This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the NBG-419N’s WLAN network.
Click
Refresh
to reload the list. NBG-419N User’s Guide
47
Chapter 4 Monitor
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C H A P T E R
NBG-419N Modes 5.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the different modes available on your NBG-419N. First, the term “mode” refers to two things in this User’s Guide.
•
Web Configurator mode
. This refers to the Web Configurator interface you want to use for editing NBG-419N features. •
Device mode
. This is the operating mode of your NBG-419N, or simply how the NBG-419N is being used in the network.
5.1.1 Web Configurator Modes
This refers to the configuration interface of the Web Configurator, which has two modes: •
Easy
.
The Web Configurator shows this mode by default. Refer to
Chapter 6 on page 51 for more information on the screens in this mode. This interface may be
sufficient for users who just want to use the device.
•
Expert
. Advanced users can change to this mode to customize all the functions of the NBG-419N. Click
Expert Mode
after logging into the Web Configurator. The User’s Guide
discusses the screens in this mode.
5.1.2 Device Modes
This refers to the operating mode of the NBG-419N, which can act as a: •
Router
. This is the default device mode of the NBG-419N. Use this mode to connect the local network to another network, like the Internet. Go to
Section 7.3 on page 64 to view the
Status
screen in this mode.
•
Access Point
. Use this mode if you want to extend your network by allowing network devices to connect to the NBG-419N wirelessly. Go to
view the
Status
screen in this mode.
•
WISP
mode. Use this mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in the network to which you want to connect your local network. Go to
Section 9.4 on page 81 to view the
Status
screen in this mode.
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49
Chapter 5 NBG-419N Modes The following figure is a simple illustration of the device configuration modes of the NBG-419N.
Figure 25
Device Mode Example
For more information on these modes and to change the mode of your NBG-419N, refer to
.
The menu for changing device modes is available in
Expert
mode only.
Note: Choose your Device Mode carefully to avoid having to change it later.
When changing to another mode, the IP address of the NBG-419N changes. The running applications and services of the network devices connected to the NBG 419N can be interrupted. In WISP mode, you should know the SSID and wireless security details of the access point to which you want to connect.
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C H A P T E R
Easy Mode 6.1 Overview
The Web Configurator is set to
Easy Mode
by default. You can configure several key features of the NBG-419N in this mode. This mode is useful to users who are not fully familiar with some features that are usually intended for network administrators.
When you log in to the Web Configurator, the following screen opens.
Figure 26
Easy Mode: Network Map
Navigation Panel
Network Map
Go to
Status Screen Control Panel
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Chapter 6 Easy Mode Click
Status
to open the following screen screen.
Figure 27
Easy Mode: Status Screen
Navigation Panel
Go to
Network Map Screen
Status Screen
Control Panel
6.2 What You Can Do
You can do the following in this mode: • Use this mode.
Navigation Panel
(
Section 6.4 on page 53 ) to opt out of the
Easy
• Use the
Network Map
screen ( Section 6.5 on page 53
) to check if your NBG 419N can ping the gateway and whether it is connected to the Internet.
• Use the
Control Panel
419N features, including wireless security, wireless scheduling and bandwidth management and so on.
Section 6.6 on page 54 ) to configure and enable NBG-
• Use the
Status Screen
screen (
information about the NBG-419N, including the WAN IP, MAC Address of the NBG-419N and the firmware version.
) to view read-only
6.3 What You Need to Know
Between the different device modes, the Control Panel (
changes depending on which features are applicable to the mode: •
Router Mode
: All Control Panel features are available.
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Chapter 6 Easy Mode •
Access Point Mode
: Only
Power Saving
and
Wireless Security
are available.
•
WISP Mode
: The available features for this mode are
Game Console
,
Content Filter
,
Bandwidth MGMT
, and
Firewall
.
6.4 Navigation Panel
Use this navigation panel to opt out of the
Easy
mode.
Figure 28
Control Panel
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17
Control Panel
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Home Expert Mode Logout Click this to go to the
Login
page. Click this to change to the NBG-419N.
Expert
mode and customize features of Click this to end the Web Configurator session.
6.5 Network Map
Note: The Network MAP is viewable by Windows XP (need to install patch), Windows Vista and Windows 7 users only. For Windows XP (Service Pack 2) users, you can see the network devices connected to the NBG-419N by downloading the LLTD (Link Layer Topology Discovery) patch from the Microsoft Website.
Note: Don’t worry if the Network Map does not display in your web browser. This feature may not be supported by your system. You can still configure the Control Panel (
) in the Easy Mode and the NBG-419N
features that you want to use in the Expert Mode.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
53
Chapter 6 Easy Mode When you log into the Network Configurator, the Network Map is shown as follows.
Figure 29
Network Map
The line connecting the NBG-419N to the gateway becomes green when the NBG 419N is able to ping the gateway. It becomes red when the ping initiating from the NBG-419N does not get a response from the gateway. The same rule applies to the line connecting the gateway to the Internet.
You can also view the devices (represented by icons indicating the kind of network device) connected to the NBG-419N, including those connecting wirelessly. Right click on the NBG-419N icon to refresh the network map and go to the Wizard. Right click on the other icons to view information about the device.
6.6 Control Panel
The features configurable in
Easy Mode
are shown in the
Control Panel
.
Figure 30
Control Panel
Switch
ON
to enable the feature. Otherwise, switch
OFF
. If the feature is turned on, the green light flashes. If it is turned off, the red light flashes. Additionally, click the feature to open a screen where you can edit its settings.
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Chapter 6 Easy Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18
Control Panel
ITEM
Game Engine
DESCRIPTION
Switch
ON
to maximize bandwidth for gaming traffic in your network. Otherwise, switch
OFF
.
Power Saving
Refer to Section 6.6.1 on page 55 to see this screen.
Click this to schedule the wireless feature of the NBG-419N. Content Filter Bandwidth Mgmt Firewall Wireless Security Disabling the wireless function helps lower the energy consumption of the NBG-419N. Switch
ON
to apply wireless scheduling. Otherwise, switch
OFF
.
Refer to Section 6.6.2 on page 56 to see this screen.
Click this to restrict access to certain websites, based on keywords contained in URLs, to which you do not want users in your network to open. Switch
ON
to apply website filtering. Otherwise, switch
OFF
.
Refer to Section 6.6.3 on page 57 to see this screen.
Click this to edit bandwidth management for predefined applications. Switch
ON
to have the NBG-419N management bandwidth for uplink and downlink traffic according to an application or service. Otherwise, switch
OFF
.
Refer to Section 6.6.4 on page 58 to see this screen.
Switch
ON
to ensure that your network is protected from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Otherwise, switch
OFF
.
Refer to Section 6.6.5 on page 58 to see this screen.
Click this to configure the wireless security, such as SSID, security mode and WPS key on your NBG-419N.
Refer to Section 6.6.6 on page 59 to see this screen.
6.6.1 Game Engine
When this feature is enabled, the NBG-419N maximizes the bandwidth for gaming traffic that it forwards out through an interface.
Figure 31
Game Engine
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55
Chapter 6 Easy Mode
Note: When this is switched on, the
Game Console
tab in the
Bandwidth Mgmt
screen is automatically positioned on top.
Turn this off if your network is not using gaming.
Click
OK
to close this screen.
6.6.2 Power Saving
Use this screen to set the day of the week and time of the day when your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled by default. Disabling the wireless capability lowers the energy consumption of the of the NBG 419N.
Figure 32
Power Saving
56
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19
Power Saving
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WLAN Status Day Select
On
or
Off
to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off (depending on what you selected in the
WLAN Status
field). This field works in conjunction with the
Day
and
Except for the following times
fields.
Select
Everyday
or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select
Everyday
you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the
Except for the following times
field.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 6 Easy Mode
Table 19
Power Saving
LABEL
For the following times (24-Hour Format)
DESCRIPTION
Select a begin time using the first set of
hour
and minute (
min
) drop down boxes and select an end time using the second set of
hour
and minute ( fields.
min
) drop down boxes. If you have chosen enter in these fields. If you have chosen
Off
earlier
On
earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these Apply Reset In this time format, midnight is 00:00 and progresses up to 24:00. For example, 6:00 PM is 18:00.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
6.6.3 Content Filter
Use this screen to restrict access to certain websites, based on keywords contained in URLs, to which you do not want users in your network to open.
Figure 33
Content Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20
Content Filter
LABEL
Add
DESCRIPTION
Click
Add
after you have typed a keyword. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed.
Delete
Note: The NBG-419N does not recognize wildcard characters as keywords.
When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request.
Highlight a keyword in the text box and click
Delete
to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click
Apply
.
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Chapter 6 Easy Mode
Table 20
Content Filter
LABEL
Apply Cancel
DESCRIPTION
Click
Apply
to save your changes.
Click
Cancel
to close this screen without saving any changes.
6.6.4 Bandwidth MGMT
Use this screen to set bandwidth allocation to pre-defined services and applications for bandwidth allocation. The NBG-419N uses bandwidth management for incoming and outgoing traffic. Rank the services and applications by dragging them accordingly from
High
to
Low
and click
Apply
. Click
Cancel
to close the screen.
Figure 34
Bandwidth MGNT
Use your mouse to drag the items according to how you want to prioritze them.
Left-click and slide up or down.
6.6.5 Firewall
Enable this feature to protect the network from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. The NBG-419N blocks repetitive pings from the WAN that can otherwise cause systems to slow down or hang.
Figure 35
Firewall
Click
OK
to close this screen.
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Chapter 6 Easy Mode
6.6.6 Wireless Security
Use this screen to configure security for your the Wireless LAN. You can enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode in the following screen.
Note: You can enable the Wireless function of your NBG-419N by first turning on the switch in the back panel.
Figure 36
Wireless Security
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 21
Wireless Security
LABEL
Wireless Network Name (SSID)
DESCRIPTION
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Security mode Wireless password The default SSID is NBG-419N. Select
WPA-PSK
or
WPA2-PSK
to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as this device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Select
No Security
to allow any client to connect to this network without authentication.
This field appears when you choose wither
WPA-PSK
or
WPA2-PSK
as the security mode.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
Type the password again to confirm.
Verify password Apply Cancel WPS Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Cancel
to close this screen.
Click this to configure the WPS screen.
You can transfer the wireless settings configured here (
Wireless Security
screen) to another wireless device that supports WPS.
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Chapter 6 Easy Mode
6.6.7 WPS
Use this screen to add a wireless station to the network using WPS. Click
WPS
in the
Wireless Security
to open the following screen.
Figure 37
Wireless Security: WPS
60
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22
Wireless Security: WPS
LABEL
Wireless Security
DESCRIPTION
Click this to go back to the Wireless Security screen.
WPS Create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button . The NBG-419N scans for a WPS-enabled device within the range and performs wireless security information synchronization. Register Exit
Note: After you click the
WPS
button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2 minutes.
Create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the NBG-419N’s interface and pushing this button.
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility. Then click
Register
to associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization.
Click
Exit
to close this screen.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 6 Easy Mode
6.7 Status Screen in Easy Mode
In the Network Map screen, click
Status
to view read-only information about the NBG-419N.
Figure 38
Status Screen in Easy Mode
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23
Status Screen in Easy Mode
ITEM
Name Time
DESCRIPTION
This is the name of the NBG-419N in the network. You can change this in the
Maintenance > General
screen in
.
This is the current system date and time.
WAN IP MAC Address Firmware Version Wireless Network Name Security The date is in YYYY:MM:DD (Year-Month-Day) format. The time is in HH:MM:SS (Hour:Minutes:Seconds) format.
This is the IP address of the WAN port.
This is the MAC address of the NBG-419N.
This shows the firmware version of the NBG-419N. The firmware version format shows the trunk version, model code and release number.
This shows the SSID of the wireless network. You can configure this in the Wireless Security screen (
Section 11.3.1.1 on page 101 ).
This shows the wireless security used by the NBG-419N.
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C H A P T E R
Router Mode 7.1 Overview
The NBG-419N is set to router mode by default. Routers are used to connect the local network to another network (for example, the Internet). In the figure below, the NBG-419N connects the local network (
LAN1
~
LAN4
) to the Internet.
Figure 39
NBG-419N Network
Modem
Note: The Status screen is shown after changing to the Expert mode of the Web Configurator. It varies depending on the device mode of your NBG-419N.
7.2 What You Can Do
Use the
Status
screen ( Section 7.3 on page 64 ) to view read-only information
about your NBG-419N.
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7.3 Status Screen
Click to open the status screen.
Figure 40
Status Screen: Router Mode
The following table describes the icons shown in the
Status
screen.
Table 24
Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode
ICON DESCRIPTION
Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information.
Click this icon to go to Easy Mode. See
Click this to go to the Home page. See
Select a number of seconds or refresh the screen statistics.
None
from the drop-down list box to refresh all screen statistics automatically at the end of every time interval or to not Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics.
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Table 24
Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode (continued)
ICON DESCRIPTION
Click this icon to see the Status page. The information in this screen depends on the device mode you select. Click this icon to see the
Monitor
navigation menu. Click this icon to see the
Configuration
navigation menu. Click this icon to see the
Maintenance
navigation menu. The following table describes the labels shown in the
Status
screen.
Table 25
Status Screen: Router Mode
LABEL
Logout Device Information Host Name
DESCRIPTION
Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Firmware Version Sys OP Mode This is the
System Name
you enter in the
Maintenance
>
General
screen. It is for identification purposes.
This is the firmware version and the date created.
This is the device mode ( Section 5.1.2 on page 49
) to which the NBG 419N is set -
Router Mode
.
WAN Information - MAC Address - IP Address - IP Subnet Mask - Default Gateway - DHCP LAN Information - MAC Address - IP Address - IP Subnet Mask - DHCP WLAN Information - WLAN OP Mode This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
This shows the WAN port’s gateway IP address.
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role -
Client
or
Server
.
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role -
Server
or
None
.
- MAC Address - Status - Name (SSID) - Channel - Operating Channel - Security Mode
This is the device mode ( Section 5.1.2 on page 49
) to which the NBG 419N’s wireless LAN is set -
Access Point Mode
.
This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN -
ON
or
OFF
.
This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-419N in the wireless LAN. This shows the channel number which you select manually.
This shows the channel number which the NBG-419N is currently using over the wireless LAN. This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-419N is using.
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Chapter 7 Router Mode
Table 25
Status Screen: Router Mode
LABEL
- 802.11 Mode - WPS
DESCRIPTION
This shows the wireless standard.
This displays
Configured
when the WPS has been set up. This displays
Unconfigured
if the WPS has not been set up.
Click the status to display
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
screen.
System Status Item Data System Up Time Current Date/Time System Resource - CPU Usage This column shows the type of data the NBG-419N is recording.
This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG-419N.
This is the total time the NBG-419N has been on.
This field displays your NBG-419N’s present date and time.
This displays what percentage of the NBG-419N’s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-419N is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.) This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-419N is using. - Memory Usage System Setting - Firewall - Bandwidth Management - UPnP - Configuration Mode Interface Status Interface This shows whether the firewall is enabled or not.
This shows whether the bandwidth management is enabled or not.
This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not.
This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing -
Expert
.
Status Rate This displays the NBG-419N port types. The port types are:
WAN
,
LAN
and
WLAN
.
For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays
Down
(line is down) or
Up
(line is up or connected).
For the WLAN, it displays
Up
when the WLAN is enabled or
Down
when the WLAN is disabled.
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or
N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet encapsulation and
Idle
(line (ppp) idle),
Dial
(starting to trigger a call) and
Drop
(dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays
N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and
N/A
when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary BW MGMT Monitor Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > BW MGMT Monitor
screen
network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.
Use this screen to view the amount of
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Table 25
Status Screen: Router Mode
LABEL
DHCP Table Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status
DESCRIPTION
Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > DHCP Table
screen (
Section 4.4 on page 44 ). Use this screen to view current DHCP client information.
Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > Packet Statistics
screen
( Section 4.5 on page 45 ). Use this screen to view port status and packet
specific statistics.
Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > WLAN Station Status
screen
( Section 4.6 on page 46 ). Use this screen to view the wireless stations
that are currently associated to the NBG-419N.
7.3.1 Navigation Panel
Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG-419N features.
Figure 41
Navigation Panel: Router Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 26
Navigation Panel: Router Mode
LINK
Status
TAB FUNCTION
This screen shows the NBG-419N’s general device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary statistics tables.
MONITOR
Log BW MGMT DHCP Table Use this screen to view the list of activities recorded by your NBG-419N.
Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.
Use this screen to view current DHCP client information.
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Table 26
Navigation Panel: Router Mode
LINK
Packet Statistics
TAB
WLAN Station Status
CONFIGURATION
Network Wireless LAN General MAC Filter
FUNCTION
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-419N.
Advanced QoS WPS WPS Station Scheduling Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-419N to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG-419N.
This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services.
Use this screen to configure WPS.
Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
WAN LAN DHCP Server NAT DDNS Static Route WDS Internet Connection Advanced IGMP Snooping IP IP Alias General Advanced General Application Advanced General IP Static Route Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled.
Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) on your NBG-419N. This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC address. Use this screen to configure other advanced properties.
Use this screen to enable IGMP snooping if you have LAN users that subscribe to multicast services.
Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask.
Use this screen to have the NBG-419N apply IP alias to create LAN subnets.
Use this screen to enable the NBG-419N’s DHCP server.
Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server.
Use this screen to enable NAT.
Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG 419N.
Use this screen to change your NBG-419N’s port triggering settings.
Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS.
Use this screen to configure IP static routes.
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Table 26
Navigation Panel: Router Mode
LINK
RIP
TAB FUNCTION
Use this screen to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols.
Security Firewall Content Filter General Services Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall.
This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/add a firewall rule.
Use this screen to block certain web features and sites containing certain keywords in the URL.
Management Bandwidth Manageme nt General Advanced Monitor Remote Manageme nt UPnP
MAINTENANCE
General WWW General Use this screen to enable bandwidth management.
Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a bandwidth management rule.
Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.
Use this screen to be able to access the NBG-419N from the LAN, WAN or both.
Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG-419N. Password Time Remote Manageme nt Firmware Upgrade Backup/ Restore Password Setup Time Setting WWW Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names.
Use this screen to change the password of your NBG 419N. Use this screen to change your NBG-419N’s time and date.
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the NBG-419N.
Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-419N.
Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory defaults to your NBG-419N. Reset/ Restart Sys OP Mode Restart Chapter 7 Router Mode This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-419N without turning the power off.
This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a Access Point.
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Access Point Mode 8.1 Overview
Use your NBG-419N as an access point (AP) if you already have a router or gateway on your network. In this mode your NBG-419N bridges a wired network (LAN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) in the same subnet. See the figure below for an example.
Figure 42
Wireless Internet Access in Access Point Mode
Many screens that are available in Router mode are not available in Access Point mode, such as bandwidth management and firewall.
Note: See
for an example of setting up a wireless network in Access Point mode.
8.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
Status
screen (
Section 8.4 on page 74 ) to view read-only information
about your NBG-419N.
• Use the
LAN
screen (
Section 8.5 on page 76 ) to set the IP address for your
NBG-419N acting as an access point.
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8.3 What You Need to Know
for a tutorial on setting up a network with the NBG 419N as an access point.
8.3.1 Setting your NBG-419N to AP Mode 1
Log into the Web Configurator if you haven’t already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on how to do this.
2
To use your NBG-419N as an access point, go to
Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
and select
Access Point mode.
Figure 43
Changing to Access Point mode
72
Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.As soon as you do, your NBG-419N is already in Access Point mode.
3
When you select
Access Point Mode
, the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 44
Pop up for Access Point mode
Click
OK
. The Web Configurator refreshes once the change to Access Point mode is successful.
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8.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode
Log in to the Web Configurator in Access Point mode, do the following:
1
Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-419N.
2
The default IP address of the NBG-419N is “192.168.1.2”. In this case, your computer must have an IP address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
3
Click
Start > Run
on your computer in Windows. Type “cmd” in the dialog box. Enter “ipconfig” to show your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address is not in the correct range then see
information on changing your computer’s IP address.
4
After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type “192.168.1.2” as the web address in your web browser.
Note: After clicking Login, the Easy mode appears. Refer to in the sections following this.
for
the Easy mode screens. Change to Expert mode to see the screens described
8.3.3 Configuring your WLAN, Bandwidth Management and Maintenance Settings
The configuration of wireless, bandwidth management and maintenance settings in
Access Point
mode is the same as for
Router Mode
.
• See
Chapter 11 on page 99 for information on the configuring your wireless
network.
• See
for information on configuring your Bandwidth Management screen. • See
Maintenance and Troubleshooting (193) for information on configuring your
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8.4 AP Mode Status Screen
Click to open the
Status
screen.
Figure 45
Status Screen: Access Point Mode
The following table describes the labels shown in the
Status
screen.
Table 27
Status Screen: Access Point Mode
LABEL
Logout Device Information Host Name
DESCRIPTION
Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Firmware Version Sys OP Mode This is the
System Name
you enter in the
Maintenance
>
General
screen. It is for identification purposes.
This is the firmware version and the date created.
This is the device mode ( Section 5.1.2 on page 49
) to which the NBG 419N is set -
Access Point Mode
.
LAN Information - MAC Address - IP Address - IP Subnet Mask - DHCP This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role -
Server, Client or None.
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Table 27
Status Screen: Access Point Mode
LABEL
WLAN Information - WLAN OP Mode
DESCRIPTION
- MAC Address - Status - Name (SSID) - Channel - Operating Channel - Security Mode - 802.11 Mode - WPS
This is the device mode ( Section 5.1.2 on page 49
) to which the NBG 419N’s wireless LAN is set -
Access Point Mode
.
This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN -
ON
or
OFF
.
This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-419N in the wireless LAN. This shows the channel number which you select manually.
This shows the channel number which the NBG-419N is currently using over the wireless LAN. This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-419N is using.
This shows the wireless standard.
This displays
Configured
when the WPS has been set up. This displays
Unconfigured
if the WPS has not been set up.
Click the status to display
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
screen.
System Status Item Data System Up Time Current Date/Time System Resource - CPU Usage This column shows the type of data the NBG-419N is recording.
This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG-419N.
This is the total time the NBG-419N has been on.
This field displays your NBG-419N’s present date and time.
This displays what percentage of the NBG-419N’s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-419N is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.
This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-419N is using. - Memory Usage System Setting - Configuration Mode Interface Status Interface This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing -
Expert
.
Status This displays the NBG-419N port types. The port types are:
LAN
and
WLAN
.
For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays
Down
(line is down) or
Up
(line is up or connected).
For the WLAN, it displays
Up
when the WLAN is enabled or
Down
when the WLAN is disabled.
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Table 27
Status Screen: Access Point Mode
LABEL
Rate
DESCRIPTION
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or
N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet encapsulation and
Idle
(line (ppp) idle),
Dial
(starting to trigger a call) and
Drop
(dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays
N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and
N/A
when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > Packet Statistics
screen
( Section 4.5 on page 45 ). Use this screen to view port status and packet
specific statistics.
Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > WLAN Station Status
screen
( Section 4.6 on page 46 ). Use this screen to view the wireless stations
that are currently associated to the NBG-419N.
8.4.0.1 Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-419N features in Access Point mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Access Point mode.
Figure 46
Menu: Access Point Mode
Refer to Table 26 on page 67 for descriptions of the labels shown in the
Navigation
panel.
8.5 LAN Screen
Use this section to configure your LAN settings while in
Access Point
mode. Click
Network > LAN
to see the screen below.
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Note: If you change the IP address of the NBG-419N in the screen below, you will need to log into the NBG-419N again using the new IP address.
Figure 47
Network > LAN > IP
The table below describes the labels in the screen.
Table 28
Network > LAN > IP
LABEL
Get from DHCP Server
DESCRIPTION
Click this to deploy the NBG-419N as an access point in the network. When you enable this, the NBG-419N gets its IP address from the network’s DHCP server (for example, your ISP). Users connected to the NBG-419N can now access the network (i.e., the Internet if the IP address is given by the ISP).
The Web Configurator may no longer be accessible unless you know the IP address assigned by the DHCP server to the NBG-419N. You need to reset the NBG-419N to be able to access the Web Configurator again (see
Section 28.3 on page 206 for details on how to reset the NBG-419N).
Use Defined LAN IP Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask Also when you select this, you cannot enter an IP address for your NBG 419N in the field below.
Click this if you want to specify the IP address of your NBG-419N. Or if your ISP or network administrator gave you a static IP address to access the network or the Internet.
Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default setting is 192.168.1.2. If you change the IP address you will have to log in again with the new IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N.
Gateway IP Address Enter a
Gateway IP Address
you one) in this field.
DNS Assignment (if your ISP or network administrator gave NBG-419N User’s Guide
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LABEL
First DNS Server Second DNS Server Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Select
From ISP
if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select
User-Defined
if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose
User Defined
, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0,
User-Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. If you set a second choice to
User Defined
, and enter the same IP address, the second
User-Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. Select
None
if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
Click
Apply
to save your changes to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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C H A P T E R
WISP Mode 9.1 Overview
Your NBG-419N can act as a wireless client. In wireless client mode, it can connect to an existing network via an access point. Use this mode if you already have an access point or router in your network.
In the example below, one NBG-419N (
A
) is configured as a wireless client and another is used as an access point ( available access point (
B
).
B
). The wireless client has two clients that need to connect to the Internet. The NBG-419N wirelessly connects to the
Figure 48
Wireless Client Mode
WISP Access Point built-in firewall After the NBG-419N and the access point connect, the NBG-419N acquires its WAN IP address from the access point. The clients of the NBG-419N can now surf the Internet.
9.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
Status
screen (
Section 8.4 on page 74 ) to view read-only information
about your NBG-419N.
• Use the
LAN
screen (
Section 8.5 on page 76 ) to set the IP address for your
NBG-419N acting as an access point.
• Use the
Wireless LAN
screen () to associate your NBG-419N (acting as a wireless client) with an existing access point.
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9.3 What You Need to Know
With the exception of the
LAN
screen, the
Monitor
,
Configuration
and
Maintainance
screens in WISP mode are similar to the ones in Router Mode. See
Chapter 30 on page 211 of this User’s Guide.
9.3.1 Setting your NBG-419N to WISP Mode 1
Log into the Web Configurator if you haven’t already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on how to do this.
2
To set your NBG-419N to
AP Mode
, go to
Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
and select
WISP Mode.
Figure 49
Changing to WISP mode
3
Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.As soon as you do, your NBG-419N is already in WISP mode.
When you select
WISP Mode
, the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 50
Pop up window for WISP mode
Click
OK
. The Web Configurator refreshes once the change to WISP mode is successful.
9.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in WISP Mode
To login to Web Configurator in WISP mode, do the following:
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1
Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-419N.
2
The default IP address of the NBG-419N is “192.168.1.1”. If you did not change this, you can use the same IP address in WISP mode. Open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type “192.168.1.1” as the web address in your web browser. If you changed the IP address of your NBG-419N while in Router Mode, use this IP address in WISP mode. The WISP mode IP address is always the same as the Router mode IP adderss.
Note: After clicking Login, the Easy mode appears. Refer to sections following this.
for
the Easy mode screens. Click Expert mode to see the screens described in the
9.4 WISP Mode Status Screen
Click to open the status screen.
Figure 51
Status: WISP Mode
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Chapter 9 WISP Mode The following table describes the labels shown in the
Status
screen.
Table 29
Status Screen: WISP Mode
LABEL
Logout Device Information Host Name
DESCRIPTION
Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Firmware Version Sys OP Mode This is the
System Name
you enter in the
Maintenance
>
General
screen. It is for identification purposes.
This is the firmware version and the date created.
This is the device mode ( Section 5.1.2 on page 49
) to which the NBG 419N is set -
WISP Mode
.
WAN Information - MAC Address - IP Address - IP Subnet Mask - Default Gateway - DHCP LAN Information - MAC Address - IP Address - IP Subnet Mask - DHCP WLAN Information - WLAN OP Mode This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
This shows the WAN port’s gateway IP address.
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role -
Client
or
Server
.
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role -
Server
or
None
.
- MAC Address - Status - Name (SSID) - Connect Status - Security Mode - 802.11 Mode System Status Item Data System Up Time Current Date/Time System Resource
This is the device mode ( Section 5.1.2 on page 49
) to which the NBG 419N’s wireless LAN is set -
Access Point Mode
.
This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN -
ON
or
OFF
.
This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-419N in the wireless LAN. This shows whether or not the NBG-419N has successfully associated with an access point -
Connected
or
Disassociated
.
This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-419N is using.
This shows the wireless standard.
This column shows the type of data the NBG-419N is recording.
This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG-419N.
This is the total time the NBG-419N has been on.
This field displays your NBG-419N’s present date and time.
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Table 29
Status Screen: WISP Mode
LABEL
- CPU Usage
DESCRIPTION
This displays what percentage of the NBG-419N’s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-419N is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.
This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-419N is using. - Memory Usage System Setting - Firewall - Bandwidth Management - UPnP - Configuration Mode Interface Status Interface Status This shows whether the firewall is enabled or not.
This shows whether the bandwidth management is enabled or not.
This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not.
This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing -
Expert
.
This displays the NBG-419N port types. The port types are:
LAN
and
WLAN
.
For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays
Down
(line is down) or
Up
(line is up or connected).
Rate For the WLAN, it displays
Up
when the WLAN is enabled or
Down
when the WLAN is disabled.
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or
N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet encapsulation and
Idle
(line (ppp) idle),
Dial
(starting to trigger a call) and
Drop
(dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays
N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and
N/A
when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary BW MGMT Monitor DHCP Table Packet Statistics Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > BW MGMT Monitor
screen
network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.
Use this screen to view the amount of Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > DHCP Table
screen (
Section 4.4 on page 44 ). Use this screen to view current DHCP client information.
Click
Details...
to go to the
Monitor > Packet Statistics
screen
( Section 4.5 on page 45 ). Use this screen to view port status and packet
specific statistics.
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9.5 Wireless LAN General Screen
Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings of your NBG-419N. Go to
Configuration > Wireless LAN > General
to open the following screen.
Figure 52
WISP Mode: LAN > General Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30
WISP Mode: LAN > General Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Setup Network Name (SSID) Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting.
Security Security Mode Select the security mode of the access point to which you want to connect.
Apply Reset Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
9.5.0.1 No Security
Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect does not use encryption.
Figure 53
No Security (WISP)
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Table 31
No Security (WISP)
LABEL
Wireless Setup
DESCRIPTION
Network Name (SSID) Security Security Mode Apply Reset Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting.
Select
No Security
in this field.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
9.5.1 Static WEP
Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect to uses WEP security mode.
Figure 54
WEP (WISP)
The following table describes the labels in this screen..
Table 32
WEP (WISP)
LABEL
Wireless Setup
DESCRIPTION
Network Name (SSID) Security Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting.
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Table 32
WEP (WISP)
LABEL
Security Mode PassPhrase
DESCRIPTION
Select
Static WEP
to enable data encryption.
Enter a Passphrase (up to 26 printable characters) and click
Generate
. WEP Encryption Authenticatio n Method ASCII Hex Key 1 to Key 4 A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the NBG-419N into a complicated string that is referred to as the “key”. This key is requested from all devices wishing to connect to a wireless network.
Select
64-bit WEP
or
128-bit WEP
.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
Select
Auto
or
Shared Key
from the drop-down list box.
This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the wireless client. Keep this setting at wireless client and the ZyXEL Device occurs.
Auto
unless you want to force a key verification before communication between the Select
Shared Key
to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication. Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically.
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG-419N and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
Apply Reset If you chose
64-bit WEP
, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose
128-bit WEP
, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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9.5.2 WPA(2)-PSK
Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect uses WPA(2)-PSK security mode.
Figure 55
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (WISP)
The following table describes the labels in this screen. .
Table 33
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (WISP)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Setup Network Name (SSID) Pre-Shared Key Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting.
Security Encryption Type Select the type of wireless encryption employed by the access point to which you want to connect.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
uses a simple common password for authentication.
Apply Reset Type the pre-shared key employed by the access point to which you want to connect. Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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9.5.3 Advance Screen
Use this screen to enable the power saving mode of your NBG-419N. Go to
Configuration > Wireless LAN
to open the following screen.
Figure 56
Configuration > Wireless LAN > Advance Screen (WISP)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34
Configuration > Wireless LAN > Advance Screen (WISP)
LABEL
Power Saving Mode
DESCRIPTION
Select LAN.
CAM (Constantly Awake Mode)
if you do not want your NBG 419N to go to “sleep” when no wireless activity is detected in the Wireless RTS Threshold Fragment Threshold Apply Reset Select
Power Saving Mode
if you want the NBG-419N to go to sleep when no wireless connection is needed for a period of time. This means the NBG-419N consumes less electrical power.
This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent in a wireless network before the AP fragments the packet into smaller data frames.
This value controls how often wireless clients must get permission to send information to the AP. The lower the value, the more often the wireless clients must get permission. If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value, then wireless clients never have to get permission to send information to the AP.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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C H A P T E R 10
Tutorials 10.1 Overview
This chapter provides tutorials for your NBG-419N as follows: •
Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point
•
Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS
•
Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS)
10.2 Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point
This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (
AP
) and wireless client (a notebook (
B
), in this example) for wireless communication.
B
can access the Internet through the access point wirelessly.
Figure 57
Wireless Access Point Connection to the Internet
10.3 Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS
This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses the NBG-419N as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or PCI card).
There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do both.
•
Push Button Configuration (PBC)
- create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See
Section 10.3.1 on page 90 .This is the easier method.
•
PIN Configuration
interface. See - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the NBG-419N’s
Section 10.3.2 on page 91 . This is the more secure method, since
one device can authenticate the other.
10.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) 1
Make sure that your NBG-419N is turned on and that it is within range of your computer.
2
Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the NWD210N) driver and utility in your notebook.
3
In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (
Start
or
WPS
button)
4
Log into NBG-419N’s Web Configurator and press the
Push Button
button in the
Network
>
Wireless Client
>
WPS Station
screen.
Note: Your NBG-419N has a WPS button located on its panel, as well as a WPS button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function; you can use one or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first one.
The NBG-419N sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG-419N securely.
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Chapter 10 Tutorials The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a button on both NBG-419N and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example).
Figure 58
Example WPS Process: PBC Method
Wireless Client NBG-419N WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 10.3.2 PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG-419N’s configuration interface and the client’s utilities.
1
Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to get a PIN number.
2
Enter the PIN number to the
PIN
field in the
Network
>
Wireless LAN
>
WPS Station
screen on the NBG-419N.
3
Click
Start
buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the NBG-419N’s
WPS Station
screen within two minutes.
The NBG-419N authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG-419N securely. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Chapter 10 Tutorials The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG-419N and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method.
Figure 59
Example WPS Process: PIN Method
Wireless Client NBG-419N WITHIN 2 MINUTES Authentication by PIN SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 92
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10.4 Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS)
This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on your NBG-419N.
SSID Channel Security
SSID_Example3 6 WPA-PSK (Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey) Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG-419N.
The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection (see
).
1
Open the
Wireless LAN > General
screen in the AP’s Web Configurator.
2
Make sure the
Enable Wireless LAN
check box is selected.
3
Enter
SSID_Example3
as the SSID and select a channel.
4
Set security mode to
WPA-PSK
and enter
ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey
in the
Pre-Shared Key
field. Click
Apply
.
Figure 60
Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > General
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5
Open the
Status
screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under
Device Information
and check if the WLAN connection is up under
Interface Status
.
Figure 61
Tutorial: Checking Wireless Settings
10.4.1 Configure Your Notebook
Note: We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the wireless client. The screens may vary for different models.
1
The NBG-419N supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless clients. Make sure that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
2
Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a “utility” that you install on your computer. See your wireless adapter’s User’s Guide for information on how to do that.
3
After you’ve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utility’s icon on your screen, go to
Start > Programs
the example screen below.
and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs within range, as shown in
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4
Select SSID_Example3 and click
Connect
.
Figure 62
Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t
Chapter 10 Tutorials
5
Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click
Next
.
Figure 63
Security Settings
6
The
Confirm Save
window appears. Check your settings and click
Save
to continue.
Figure 64
Confirm Save
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Chapter 10 Tutorials
7
Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is weak or you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of this User’s Guide.
Figure 65
Link Status
If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http:// www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured.
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ART
II
Network
Network Address Translation (NAT) (141)
97
98
C H A P T E R 11
Wireless LAN 11.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG-419N. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 66
Example of a Wireless Network NBG-419N A B
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your NBG-419N is the AP.
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11.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
General
screen (
) to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
• Use the
MAC Filter
screen ( Section 11.5 on page 109
) to allow or deny wireless stations based on their MAC addresses from connecting to the NBG-419N.
• Use the
Advanced
Threshold.
screen (
Section 11.6 on page 110 ) to allow wireless
advanced features, such as intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS • Use the
QoS
screen (
Section 11.7 on page 111 ) to set priority levels to services,
such as e-mail, VoIP, chat, and so on.
• Use the
WPS
manually.
screen (
) to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings • Use the
WPS Station
screen ( Section 11.9 on page 113
) to add a wireless station using WPS. • Use the
Scheduling
screen (
Section 11.10 on page 114 ) to set the times your
wireless LAN is turned on and off.
• Use the
WDS
screen (
Section 11.11 on page 115 ) to configure Wireless
Distribution System on your NBG-419N.
11.3 What You Should Know
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
11.3.1 Wireless Security Overview
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network.
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11.3.1.1 SSID
Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.
11.3.1.2 MAC Address Filter
Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.
1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters 2 ; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
11.3.1.3 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message.
1.
2.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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Chapter 11 Wireless LAN The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication.
Table 35
Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
Weakest Strongest NO AUTHENTICATION
No Security WEP WPA-PSK WPA2-PSK Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network supports. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA-PSK. Therefore, you should set up
WEP
in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use pretty quickly.
WPA-PSK
or stronger encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information
When you select
WPA2-PSK
in your NBG-419N, you can also select an option (
WPA Compatible
) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up
WPA2-PSK
(depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the
WPA Compatible
option in the NBG-419N.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key.
11.3.1.4 WPS
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Depending on the devices in your network, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the devices. Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the
.
11.3.1.5 WDS
Wireless Distribution System or WDS security is used between bridged APs. It is independent of the security between the wired networks and their respective APs. If you do not enable WDS security, traffic between APs is not encrypted. When WDS security is enabled, both APs must use the same pre-shared key.
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11.4 General Wireless LAN Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the NBG-419N from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the NBG-419N’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press new settings.
Apply
to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG-419N’s
Click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
to open the
General
screen.
Figure 67
Network > Wireless LAN > General
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 36
Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Setup Wireless LAN This is turned on by default. Network Name(SSID) Hide SSID Channel Selection You can turn the wireless LAN on or off using the switch at the rear panel of the NBG-419N. The current wireless state is reflected in this field.
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the NBG 419N must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency band and the country you are in.
Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels. This option is only available if
Auto Channel Selection
is disabled.
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Table 36
Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL
Operating Channel Security Security Mode
DESCRIPTION
This displays the channel the NBG-419N is currently using.
Select
WEP
,
WPA-PSK
or
WPA2-PSK
to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the NBG-419N. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. See Or you can select
No Security
to allow any client to associate this network without authentication.
Apply Reset
Note: If you enable the WPS function, only
No Security
,
WPA-PSK
and
WPA2-PSK
are available in this field.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen.
11.4.1 No Security
Select
No Security
to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG-419N, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 68
Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security
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Chapter 11 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37
Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security
LABEL
Security Mode Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Choose
No Security
from the drop-down list box.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
for descriptions of the other labels in this screen.
11.4.2 WEP Encryption
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.
Your NBG-419N allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time.
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Chapter 11 Wireless LAN In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
to display the
General
screen. Select
Static WEP
from the
Security Mode
list.
Figure 69
Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP
106
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 38
Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP
LABEL
Security Mode PassPhrase
DESCRIPTION
Select
Static WEP
to enable data encryption.
Enter a Passphrase (up to 26 printable characters) and click Generate. WEP Encryption A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the NBG-419N into a complicated string that is referred to as the “key”. This key is requested from all devices wishing to connect to a wireless network.
Select
64-bit WEP
or
128-bit WEP
.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
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Table 38
Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP
LABEL
Authenticatio n Method
DESCRIPTION
Select
Auto
or
Shared Key
from the drop-down list box.
This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the wireless client. Keep this setting at wireless client and the ZyXEL Device occurs.
Auto
unless you want to force a key verification before communication between the ASCII Hex Key 1 to Key 4 Apply Reset Select
Shared Key
to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication. Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically.
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG-419N and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose
64-bit WEP
, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose
128-bit WEP
, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
for descriptions of the other labels in this screen.
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11.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
to display the
General
screen. Select
WPA-PSK
or
WPA2-PSK
from the
Security Mode
list.
Figure 70
Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
108
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39
Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
LABEL
Security Mode WPA-PSK Compatible Pre-Shared Key
DESCRIPTION
Select
WPA-PSK
or
WPA2-PSK
to enable data encryption.
This field appears when you choose
WPA-PSK2
as the
Security Mode
.
Check this field to allow wireless devices using
WPA-PSK
security mode to connect to your NBG-419N.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
uses a simple common password for authentication.
Group Key Update Timer Apply Reset Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
The
Group Key Update Timer
is the rate at which the AP sends a new group key out to all clients. The default is
3600
seconds (60 minutes).
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
for descriptions of the other labels in this screen.
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11.5 MAC Filter
The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG-419N to give exclusive access to devices (Allow) or exclude devices from accessing the NBG-419N (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen.
To change your NBG-419N’s MAC filter settings, click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
>
MAC Filter
. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 71
Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 40
Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Access Policy Policy Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the
MAC Address
table. Select
Allow
to permit access to the NBG-419N, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the NBG-419N. Add a station Mac Address Select
Reject
to block access to the NBG-419N, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the NBG-419N Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG-419N in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Click
Add
.
MAC Filter Summary Delete Click the delete icon to remove the MAC address from the list.
MAC Address Apply Reset This is the MAC address of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG-419N.
Click Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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11.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen
Use this screen to allow wireless advanced features, such as intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold Click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
>
Advanced
. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 72
Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
110
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41
Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
LABEL
RTS/CTS Threshold
DESCRIPTION
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake. Fragmentatio n Threshold Enable Intra BSS Traffic Enter a value between 256 and 2432. The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter an even number between
256
and
2346
.
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra BSS is enabled, wireless client
A
and
B
each other.
A
and
B
can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with Output Power Set the output power of the NBG-419N in this field. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the output power of the NBG-419N to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following
100%
,
90%
,
75%
,
50%
,
25%
,
10%
or
Minimum
. See the product specifications for more information on your NBG-419N’s output power.
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Table 41
Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
LABEL
Network Mode
DESCRIPTION
Select the 802.11 mode you want the NBG-419N to operate in.
Select
11b
to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG-419N.
Apply Reset Select
11g
to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG-419N.
Select
11b+g
to allow both IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG-419N. The transmission rate of your NBG-419N might be reduced.
Select
11b/g/n
to allow both IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g and EEE802.11gn compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG-419N. The transmission rate of your NBG-419N might be reduced.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
11.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen
The QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as VoIP and video) a priority level.
Click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
>
QoS
. The following screen appears.
Figure 73
Network > Wireless LAN > QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42
Network > Wireless LAN > QoS
LABEL
Enable WMM QoS Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Check this to have the NBG-419N automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
Click
Apply
to save your changes to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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11.8 WPS Screen
Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS status. To open this screen, click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
>
WPS
tab.
Figure 74
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
112
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
LABEL
WPS Setup Enable WPS PIN Number
DESCRIPTION
Select this to enable the WPS feature.
This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click
Generate
to generate a new PIN number.
Status Status This displays
Configured
when the NBG-419N has connected to a wireless network using WPS or when
Enable WPS
is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
Release Configuration 802.11 Mode SSID Security This displays
Unconfigured Release_Configuration
if WPS is disabled and there are no wireless or wireless security changes on the NBG-419N or you click to remove the configured wireless and wireless security settings.
This button is only available when the WPS status displays
Configured
.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the NBG-419N.
This is the 802.11 mode used. Only compliant WLAN devices can associate with the NBG-419N.
This is the name of the wireless network.
This is the type of wireless security employed by the network.
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Table 43
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
LABEL
Apply Refresh
DESCRIPTION
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Refresh
to get this screen information afresh.
11.9 WPS Station Screen
Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this screen, click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
>
WPS Station
tab.
Note: Note: After you click
Push Button
on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2 minutes.
Figure 75
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
LABEL
Push Button
DESCRIPTION
Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration) method to configure wireless stations’s wireless settings. See
.
Or input station’s PIN number Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security information synchronization. Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to configure wireless station’s wireless settings. See
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility. Then click
Start
to associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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11.10 Scheduling Screen
Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn on or off on certain days and at certain times. To open this screen, click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
>
Scheduling
tab.
Figure 76
Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
114
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45
Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless LAN Scheduling Enable Wireless LAN Scheduling Scheduling WLAN Status Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling.
Day Select
On
or
Off
to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off. This field works in conjunction with the
Day
and
Except for the following times
fields.
Select
Everyday
or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select
Everyday
you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the
Except for the following times
field.
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Table 45
Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
LABEL
For the following times (24-Hour Format) Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Select a begin time using the first set of
hour
and minute (
min
) drop down boxes and select an end time using the second set of
hour
and minute ( fields.
min
) drop down boxes. If you have chosen enter in these fields. If you have chosen
Off
earlier
On
earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
11.11 WDS Screen
A Wireless Distribution System is a wireless connection between two or more APs. Use this screen to set the operating mode of your NBG-419N to
AP + Bridge
or
Bridge Only
and establish wireless links with other APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which also must be in bridge mode.
Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NBG-419N and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it.
Click
Network
>
Wireless LAN
>
WDS
tab. The following screen opens with the
Basic Setting
set to
Disabled
, and
Security Mode
set to
No Security
.
Figure 77
Network > Wireless LAN > WDS
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Chapter 11 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46
Network > Wireless LAN > WDS
LABEL
WDS Setup Basic Settings
DESCRIPTION
Select the operating mode for your NBG-419N.
Local MAC Address Phy Mode • •
AP + Bridge -
The NBG-419N functions as a bridge and access point simultaneously.
Bridge
- The NBG-419N acts as a wireless network bridge and establishes wireless links with other APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which also must be in bridge mode. The NBG-419N can establish up to five wireless links with other APs.
This is the MAC address of your NBG-419N.
Remote MAC Address Select the Phy mode you want the NBG-419N to use. This dictates the maximum size of packets during data transmission.
This is the MAC address of the peer device that your NBG-419N wants to make a bridge connection with.
You can connect to up to 4 peer devices.
Security EncrypType EncrypKey Apply Refresh Select whether to use
WEP
,
TKIP
or
AES
encryption for your WDS connection in this field.
Otherwise, select
No Security
.
The Encryp key is used to encrypt data. Peers must use the same key for data transmission.
Click
Apply
to save your changes to NBG-419N.
Click
Refresh
to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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C H A P T E R 12
WAN 12.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the NBG-419N’s
WAN
screens. Use these screens to configure your NBG-419N for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 78
LAN and WAN
12.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
Internet Connection
addresses.
screen (
Section 12.4 on page 120 ) to enter your
ISP information and set how the computer acquires its IP, DNS and WAN MAC • Use the
Advanced
screen (
Section 12.5 on page 130 ) to enable multicasting,
configure Windows networking and bridge.
• Use
IGMP Snooping
screen ( Section 12.6 on page 130 ) to enable IGMP
snooping in the LAN ports.
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12.3 What You Need To Know
The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN connection, as well as enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG-419N.
12.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG-419N, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the NBG-419N to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the NBG-419N tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method).
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG-419N can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1
The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
2
If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG 419N’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
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WAN MAC Address
The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose
Factory Default
to select the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Otherwise, click
Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address
and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to configuration file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the WAN Port.
12.3.2 Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
Figure 79
Multicast Example
In the multicast example above, systems A and D comprise one multicast group. In multicasting, the server only needs to send one data stream and this is delivered to systems A and D. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. The NBG-419N supports both IGMP version 1 (
IGMP-v1
) and IGMP version 2 (
IGMP v2
). At start up, the NBG-419N queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the NBG-419N periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the NBG-419N LAN and/or WAN NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Chapter 12 WAN interfaces in the Web Configurator (
LAN
;
WAN
). Select
None
to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
12.4 Internet Connection
Use this screen to change your NBG-419N’s Internet access settings. Click
WAN
from the Configuration menu. The screen differs according to the encapsulation you choose.
12.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation
This screen displays when you select
Ethernet
encapsulation.
Figure 80
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
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Chapter 12 WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP (Default) Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use Fixed IP Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address You must choose the
Ethernet
option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet.
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected
Address
. Enter the
IP Subnet Mask
in this field.
Enter a
Gateway IP Address Use Fixed IP
(if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server Second DNS Server Select
From ISP
information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server Select
User-Defined
if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose
User Defined
, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0,
User-Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined
, and enter the same IP address, the second
User Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computer’s MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Select
None
if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-419N’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select
Factory default
to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Select
Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address
and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Click Click
Apply Reset
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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12.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation
The NBG-419N supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The
PPP over Ethernet
option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example Radius).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-419N (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG-419N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
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Chapter 12 WAN This screen displays when you select
PPPoE
encapsulation.
Figure 81
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation Select
PPP over Ethernet
if you connect to your Internet via dial-up.
User Name Password Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Type the password associated with the user name above.
Retype to Confirm MTU Size Nailed-Up Connection Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG-419N can receive and process.
Select
Nailed-Up Connection
if you do not want the connection to time out.
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Table 48
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
LABEL
Idle Timeout (sec)
DESCRIPTION
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server.
WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use Fixed IP Address My WAN IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected
Address
.
Use Fixed IP
WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server Select
From ISP
if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Second DNS Server Select
User-Defined
if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose
User Defined
, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0,
User-Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined
, and enter the same IP address, the second
User Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computer’s MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Select
None
if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by using the NBG-419N’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select
Factory default
to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Select
Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address
and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
12.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
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Chapter 12 WAN PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet.
This screen displays when you select
PPTP
encapsulation.
Figure 82
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
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Chapter 12 WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access Connection Type User Name Password Retype to Confirm Nailed-up Connection Idle Timeout To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the
User Name
and
Password
fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.
Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Select
Nailed-Up Connection
if you do not want the connection to time out.
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the NBG-419N automatically disconnects from the PPTP server.
PPTP Configuration Server IP Address Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address IP Address Type the IP address of the PPTP server.
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Subnet Mask Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected
Use Fixed IP Address
. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N.
Gateway IP Address Enter a
Gateway IP Address
(if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Select this to get your WAN IP address from your ISP.
Use Fixed IP Address My WAN IP Address WAN DNS Assignment Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected
Use Fixed IP Address
.
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Table 49
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
LABEL
First DNS Server Second DNS Server
DESCRIPTION
Select
From ISP
if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computer’s MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Select chose
User-Defined User-Defined
if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you , but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0,
User Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined
, and enter the same IP address, the second
User-Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. Select
None
if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-419N’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select
Factory default
to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Select
Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address
are cloning.
and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
12.4.4 L2TP Encapsulation
The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) works at layer 2 (the data link layer) to tunnel network traffic between two peer devices over another network (like the Internet).
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Chapter 12 WAN This screen displays when you select
L2TP
encapsulation.
Figure 83
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation
128
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access Connection Type User Name Password Retype to Confirm To configure a L2TP client, you must configure the
User Name
and
Password
fields for a layer-2 connection and the L2TP parameters for an L2TP connection.
Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. L2TP Configuration Server IP Address Get automatically from ISP Type the IP address of the L2TP server.
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Table 50
Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation
LABEL
Use Fixed IP Address
DESCRIPTION
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address IP Subnet Mask Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected
Use Fixed IP Address
. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N.
Gateway IP Address WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Select this to get your WAN IP address from your ISP.
Use Fixed IP Address My WAN IP Address Enter a
Gateway IP Address
(if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected
Address
.
Use Fixed IP
WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server Second DNS Server Select
From ISP
if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computer’s MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Select chose
User-Defined User-Defined
if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you , but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0,
User Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined
, and enter the same IP address, the second
User-Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. Select
None
if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-419N’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select
Factory default
to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Select
Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address
are cloning. and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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12.5 Advanced WAN Screen
Use this screen to enable
Multicast
and enable
Auto-bridge
.
Note: The categories shown in this screen are independent of each other.
To change your NBG-419N’s advanced WAN settings, click
Network
>
WAN
>
Advanced
. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 84
Network > WAN > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51
Network > WAN > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Multicast Setup Multicast Select
IGMPv1/v2
to enable multicasting. This applies to traffic routed from the WAN to the LAN. Select
None
to disable this feature. This may cause incoming traffic to be dropped or sent to all connected network devices.
Auto-bridge Enable Auto-bridge mode Apply Reset Select this option to have the NBG-419N switch to bridge mode automatically when the NBG-419N gets a WAN IP address in the range of 192.168.x.y (where x and y are from zero to nine) no matter what the LAN IP address is. Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
12.6 IGMP Snooping Screen
Use this screen to enable IGMP snooping if you have LAN users that subscribe to multicast services.
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Chapter 12 WAN IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
Click
Network > WAN > IGMP Snooping
. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 85
Network > WAN > IGMP Snooping
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52
Network > WAN > IGMP Snooping
LABEL
Auto-bridge Enable IGMP Snooping
DESCRIPTION
Select this option to have the NBG-419N use IGMP snooping. Apply Reset Check the LAN port/s to which IGMP snooping applies. Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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C H A P T E R 13
LAN 13.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks.
Figure 86
LAN Example
The LAN screens can help you manage IP addresses.
13.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
IP
screen ( Section 13.4 on page 135
) to change the IP address for your NBG-419N.
• Use the
IP Alias
screen ( Section 13.5 on page 136
) to have the NBG-419N apply IP alias to create LAN subnets.
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Chapter 13 LAN
13.3 What You Need To Know
The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG-419N ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.
Figure 87
LAN and WAN IP Addresses
The LAN parameters of the NBG-419N are preset in the factory with the following values: • IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) • DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33. These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help regarding what fields need to be configured.
13.3.1 IP Pool Setup
The NBG-419N is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the NBG-419N itself) in the lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP, web, etc., that you may have.
13.3.2 LAN TCP/IP
The NBG-419N has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
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13.3.3 IP Alias
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The NBG-419N supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the NBG-419N itself as the gateway for each LAN network.
13.4 LAN IP Screen
Use this screen to change the IP address for your NBG-419N. Click
Network > LAN > IP
.
Figure 88
Network > LAN > IP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 53
Network > LAN > IP
LABEL
IP Address IP Subnet Mask Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Type the IP address of your NBG-419N in dotted decimal notation.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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13.5 IP Alias Screen
Use this screen to have the NBG-419N apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. Click
LAN
>
IP Alias
.
Figure 89
Network > LAN > IP Alias
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 54
Network > LAN > IP Alias
LABEL
IP Alias IP Address IP Subnet Mask Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Check this to enable IP alias.
Type the IP alias address of your NBG-419N in dotted decimal notation.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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C H A P T E R 14
DHCP Server 14.1 Overview
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG-419N’s LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG-419N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.
14.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
General
( Section 14.3 on page 137 ) screen to enable the DHCP server.
• Use the
Advanced
(
Section 14.4 on page 138 ) screen to assign IP addresses on
the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses.
14.3 General Screen
Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click
Network
>
DHCP Server
.
The following screen displays.
Figure 90
Network > DHCP Server > General
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Table 55
Network > DHCP Server > General
LABEL
Enable DHCP Server IP Pool Starting Address Pool Size Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Enable or Disable DHCP for LAN.
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN.
This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool for LAN.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
14.4 Advanced Screen
This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the NBG-419N sends to the DHCP clients.
To change your NBG-419N’s static DHCP settings, click
Network
>
DHCP Server
>
Advanced
. The following screen displays.
Figure 91
Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
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Table 56
Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
LAN Static DHCP Table # MAC Address IP Address DNS Server DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server First DNS Server Second DNS Server This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).
Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN.
Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
The NBG-419N passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address (in the order you specify here) to the DHCP clients. The NBG 419N only passes this information to the LAN DHCP clients when you select the
Enable DHCP Server
check box. When you clear the
Enable DHCP Server
check box, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured.
Select
From ISP
if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Apply Reset Select
User-Defined User-Defined
if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose , but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0,
User-Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined
, and enter the same IP address, the second
User Defined
changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. Select
DNS Relay
to have the NBG-419N act as a DNS proxy. The NBG-419N's LAN IP address displays in the field to the right (read only). The NBG-419N tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the NBG 419N itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the NBG-419N, the NBG-419N forwards the query to the NBG-419N's system DNS server (configured in the
WAN > Internet Connection
screen) and relays the response back to the computer. You can only select
DNS Relay
for one of the three servers; if you select
DNS Relay
for a second or third DNS server, that choice changes to
None
after you click
Apply
. Select
None
if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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C H A P T E R 15
Network Address Translation (NAT) 15.1 Overview
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network.
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The NBG 419N keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 92
NAT Example
For more information on IP address translation, refer to
RFC 1631
,
The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)
.
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15.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
General
screen ( Section 15.3 on page 142
) to enable NAT and set a default server.
• Use the
Application
screen ( Section 15.4 on page 143 ) o forward incoming
service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
• Use the
Advanced
screen (
Section 15.5 on page 145 ) to change your NBG-
419N’s trigger port settings.
15.3 General NAT Screen
Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click
Network > NAT > General
to open the following screen.
Figure 93
Network > NAT > General
142
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 57
Network > NAT > General
LABEL
NAT Setup Enable Network Address Translation
DESCRIPTION
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet). Select the check box to enable NAT.
Default Server Setup Server IP Address In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the
Application
screen. If you do not assign a
Application Default Server IP address
screen or remote management.
, the NBG-419N discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Table 57
Network > NAT > General
LABEL
Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
15.4 NAT Application Screen
Use the
Application
screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded. To change your NBG-419N’s port forwarding settings, click
Network > NAT
>
Application
. The screen appears as shown.
Note: If you do not assign a
Default Server
this screen or remote management.
IP address
in the
NAT > General
screen, the NBG-419N discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in
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Refer to Appendix E on page 277
for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Figure 94
Network > NAT > Application
144
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58
Network > NAT > Application
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule Active Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can be forwarded to the host with a specified internal IP address.
Service Name Port Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside server without having to delete the entry. Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in the first field next to
Service Name
. Otherwise, select a predefined service in the second field next to
Service Name
. The predefined service name and port number(s) will display in the
Service Name
and
Port
fields.
Type a port number(s) to define the service to be forwarded to the specified server.
To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port and the last port, such as 10-20.
To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them by a comma without spaces, such as 123,567.
Server IP Address Type the IP address of the server on your LAN that receives packets from the port(s) specified in the
Port
field.
Application Rules Summary # This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry.
Active Name Port This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled. This field displays a name to identify this rule.
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Network > NAT > Application (continued)
LABEL
Server IP Address Modify
DESCRIPTION
This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Click the
Edit
icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under
Add Application Rule
. Apply Reset Click the
Remove
icon to delete a rule.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
15.5 NAT Advanced Screen
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address. Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns using the service. The NBG-419N records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the NBG-419N's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the NBG-419N forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the application.
To change your NBG-419N’s trigger port settings, click
Network > NAT
>
Advanced
. The screen appears as shown.
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Note: Only one LAN computer can use a trigger port (range) at a time.
Figure 95
Network > NAT > Advanced
146
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59
Network > NAT > Advanced
LABEL
# Name Incoming Start Port End Port Trigger Start Port End Port Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
This is the rule index number (read-only).
Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are permitted - including spaces.
Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service. The NBG-419N forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN that requested the service. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the NBG-419N to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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15.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example
The following is an example of trigger port forwarding.
Figure 96
Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
1
Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
2
Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the NBG-419N to record Jane’s computer IP address. The NBG-419N associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170.
3
The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
4
The NBG-419N forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
5
Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The NBG-419N times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
15.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports 1
Trigger events only happen on data that is going coming from inside the NBG 419N and going to the outside.
If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.
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C H A P T E R 16
Dynamic DNS 16.1 Overview
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) services let you use a domain name with a dynamic IP address.
16.2 What You Can Do
Use the
Dynamic DNS
screen (
Section 16.4 on page 150 ) to enable DDNS and
configure the DDNS settings on the NBG-419N.
16.3 What You Need To Know
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.
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16.4 Dynamic DNS Screen
To change your NBG-419N’s DDNS, click
Network > DDNS
. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 97
Network > DDNS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60
Network > DDNS
LABEL
Enable Dynamic DNS Service Provider Host Name User Name Password Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Select this check box to use dynamic DNS.
Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").
Enter your user name.
Enter the password assigned to you.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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C H A P T E R 17
Static Route 17.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG-419N.
Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the NBG-419N has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the NBG-419N knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node Router 1. However, the NBG-419N is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same remote node Router 1 (via gateway Router 2). The static routes are for you to tell the NBG-419N about the networks beyond the remote nodes.
Figure 98
Example of Static Routing Topology
17.2 What You Can Do
Use the
IP Static Route
screen (
Section 17.3 on page 152 ) to view, add and
delete routes.
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17.3 IP Static Route Screen
Click
Network > Static Route
to open the
IP Static Route
screen.
Figure 99
Network > Static Route
152
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61
Network > Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Static Routing Settings Route Name Destination IP Address IP Subnet Netmask Gateway IP Address Enter a the name that describes or identifies this route.
Enter the IP network address of the final destination.
This is the subnet to which the route’s final destination belongs.
Enter the the IP address of the gateway. Metric Add Rule Assign a number to identify the route.
Click this to add the IP static route.
Application Rules Summary No.
This is the number of an individual static route.
Active Name Destination The rules are always on and this is indicated by the icon.
This is the name that describes or identifies this route. This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Table 61
Network > Static Route
LABEL
Gateway Metric Delete
DESCRIPTION
This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
This is the number assigned to the route.
Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the NBG-419N. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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C H A P T E R 18
RIP 18.1 Overview
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an interior or intra-domain routing protocol that uses distance-vector routing algorithms. RIP is used on the Internet and is common in the NetWare environment as a method for exchanging routing information between routers.
18.2 What You Can Do
Use the
RIP
screen (
) to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols .
18.3 RIP Screen
Use this screen to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols . Click
Network > RIP
. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 100
Network > RIP
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Chapter 18 RIP The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 62
Network > RIP
LABEL
RIP
DESCRIPTION
Select the
RIPv1
or
RIPv2
you want the NBG-419N to use.
Apply Reset Otherwise select
None
.
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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157
158
C H A P T E R 19
Firewall 19.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG-419N and your LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic.
Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall: • allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the networks. • blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN. The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User
A
can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 101
Default Firewall Action
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19.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
General
( Section 19.4 on page 161 ) screen to enable or disable the
NBG-419N’s firewall.
• Use the
Services
screen ( you want to block them.
Section 19.5 on page 161 ) screen enable service
blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time
19.3 What You Need To Know
The NBG-419N’s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks.
It is designed to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when activated (click the
General
tab under
Firewall
and then click the important to the security of your network.
Enable Firewall
check box). The NBG-419N's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The NBG-419N can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be The NBG-419N is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.
The NBG-419N has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband (cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.
The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service.
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19.4 General Firewall Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG-419N’s firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click
Security
>
Firewall
to open the
General
screen.
Figure 102
Security > Firewall > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 63
Security > Firewall > General
LABEL
Enable Firewall Apply Reset
DESCRIPTION
Select this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG-419N performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.
Click
Apply
to save the settings. Click
Reset
to start configuring this screen again.
19.5 Services Screen
If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG-419N, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the NBG-419N exists. Use this screen to prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your NBG-419N when unsupported ports are probed.
You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them.
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Security
>
Firewall
>
Services
. The screen appears as shown next.
Figure 103
Security > Firewall > Services
162
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 64
Security > Firewall > Services
LABEL
ICMP
DESCRIPTION
Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. Respond to Ping on The NBG-419N will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when
Disable
is selected. Select
LAN
to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests.
Select
WAN
to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select
LAN & WAN
to reply to all incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests. Apply Click
Apply
to save the settings. Enable Firewall Rule Enable Firewall Rule Apply Add Firewall Rule Service Name Enter a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule.
MAC Address Select this check box to activate the firewall rules that you define (see
Add Firewall Rule
below) Click
Apply
to save the settings. Enter the MAC address of the computer for which the firewall rule applies.
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Table 64
Security > Firewall > Services
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Dest IP Address Enter the IP address of the computer to which traffic for the application or service is entering. Source IP Address The NBG-419N applies the firewall rule to traffic initiating from this computer. Enter the IP address of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or service. Protocol Dest Port Range Enter the port number/range of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
Source Port Range Enter the port number/range of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
Add Rule Firewall Rule The NBG-419N applies the firewall rule to traffic initiating from this computer. Select the protocol (
TCP
,
UDP
,
ICMP
or
None
) used to transport the packets for which you want to apply the firewall rule. Click
Add
to save the firewall rule. # Service Name MAC Address This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn. This is a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule.
This is the MAC address of the computer for which the firewall rule applies.
Dest IP Address This is the IP address of the computer to which traffic for the application or service is entering. Source IP Address Protocol This is the IP address of the computer from which traffic for the application or service is initialized. This is the protocol (
TCP
,
UDP
,
ICMP
or
None
) used to transport the packets for which you want to apply the firewall rule. Dest Port Range This is the port number/range of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
Source Port Range This is the port number/range of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
Action Delete Reset
Drop
Click - Traffic matching the conditions of the firewall rule are stopped.
Click this to remove the firewall rule.
Reset
to start configuring this screen again.
See Appendix E on page 277 for commonly used services and port numbers.
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C H A P T E R 20
Content Filter 20.1 Overview
This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI.
Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords.
20.2 What You Can Do
Use the
Content Filter
(
) screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer.
20.3 What You Need To Know
Content filtering allows you to block certain web features, such as cookies, and/or block access to specific web sites. For example, you can configure one policy that blocks John Doe’s access to arts and entertainment web pages.
20.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles
A content filtering profile conveniently stores your custom settings for the following features.
Restrict Web Features
The NBG-419N can disable web proxies and block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies.
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Keyword Blocking URL Checking
The NBG-419N checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when performing keyword blocking. The URL’s domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/ pressroom.php
, the domain name is www.zyxel.com.tw
.
The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php
, the file path is news/pressroom.php
.
Since the NBG-419N checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will not find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php
, the NBG-419N would find “tw” in the domain name ( www.zyxel.com.tw) . It would also find “news” in the file path ( news/pressroom.php
) but it would not find “tw/news”.
20.4 Content Filter Screen
Use this screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer. Click
Security
>
Content Filter
to open the
Content Filter
screen.
Figure 104
Security > Content Filter > Content Filter
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Table 65
Security > Content Filter > Content Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Trusted IP Setup To enable this feature, type an IP address of any one of the computers in your network that you want to have as a trusted computer. This allows the trusted computer to have full access to all features that are configured to be blocked by content filtering.
Restrict Web Features ActiveX Java Cookies Web Proxy Enable URL Keyword Blocking Keyword Keyword List Add Delete Clear All Apply Reset Leave this field blank to have no trusted computers.
Select the box(es) to restrict a feature. When you download a page containing a restricted feature, that part of the web page will appear blank or grayed out.
A tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in case you visit the site again. A programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds.
Used by Web servers to track usage and provide service based on ID. A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide security, administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN it is possible for LAN users to circumvent content filtering by pointing to this proxy server. The NBG-419N can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http:// www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable this feature.
Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address.
This list displays the keywords already added. Click
Add
after you have typed a keyword. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed.
When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request.
Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click
Delete
to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click
Apply
.
Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords.
Click
Apply
to save your changes.
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Reset
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C H A P T E R 21
Bandwidth Management 21.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management and editing rules.
ZyXEL’s Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an application. In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (
A
) to the WAN device (
B
). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN. Downlink traffic comes back from the WAN device (
B
) to the LAN device (
A
). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the traffic out to LAN.
Figure 105
Bandwidth Management Example -> VOIP -> FTP -> HTTP -> Chat, Email
A B
You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, and E-mail for example).
21.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
General
screen (
) to enable bandwidth management and assign bandwidth values.
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Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management • Use the
Advanced
screen ( Section 21.5 on page 173 ) to configure bandwidth
managements rule for the pre-defined services and applications.
• Use the
Monitor
screen ( Section 21.6 on page 178
) to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.
21.3 What You Need To Know
The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN) must be less than or equal to the
Upstream Bandwidth
that you configure in the
Bandwidth Management Advanced
screen (
The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN interface (WAN to LAN, WAN to WLAN) must be less than or equal to the
Downstream Bandwidth
that you configure in the
Bandwidth Management Advanced
screen
21.4 General Screen
Use this screen to have the NBG-419N apply bandwidth management.
Click
Management > Bandwidth MGMT
to open the bandwidth management
General
screen.
Figure 106
Management > Bandwidth Management > General
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Table 66
Management > Bandwidth Management > General
LABEL
Enable Bandwidth Management
DESCRIPTION
This field allows you to have NBG-419N apply bandwidth management. Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule. Apply Reset Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule. Click
Apply
to save your customized settings.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
21.5 Advanced Screen
Use this screen to configure bandwidth management rules for the pre-defined services or applications. You can also use this screen to configure bandwidth management rule for other services or applications that are not on the pre-defined list of NBG-419N. Additionally, you can define the source and destination IP addresses and port for a service or application.
Note: The two tables shown in this screen can be configured and applied at the same time.
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Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management Click
Management
>
Bandwidth Management
>
Advanced
to open the bandwidth management
Advanced
screen.
Figure 107
Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced
174
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 67
Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Management Bandwidth Upstream Bandwidth Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 32 Megabits) that you want to dedicate to uplink traffic. Downstream Bandwidth Application List This is traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN.
Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 32 Megabits) that you want to dedicate to uplink traffic. This is traffic from WAN to LAN/WLAN.
Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on a pre defined service.
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Table 67
Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced (continued)
LABEL
# Priority
DESCRIPTION
This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose
High
,
Mid
or
Low
.
Category Service Advanced Setting User-defined Service # Enable Direction Service Name Category Modify Apply Reset • • •
High
- Select this for voice traffic or video that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay).
Mid
- Select this for "excellent effort" or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Low
- Select this for non-critical "background" traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. This is the category where a service belongs.
This is the name of the service.
Select the check box to have the NBG-419N apply this bandwidth management rule.
Click the
Edit
icon to open the
Rule Configuration
screen where you can modify the rule.
Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific applications or services you specify.
This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Select this check box to have the NBG-419N apply this bandwidth management rule.
Select
LAN
to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to LAN. Select
WAN
to apply bandwidth management to traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN. Select
WLAN
to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to WLAN. Enter a descriptive name for the bandwidth management rule.
This is the category where a service belongs.
Click the
Edit
icon to open the
Rule Configuration
screen. Modify an existing rule or create a new rule in the
Rule Configuration
screen. See
Section 21.5.2 on page 177 for more information.
Click the
Remove
icon to delete a rule.
Click
Apply
to save your customized settings.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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21.5.1 Rule Configuration: Application Rule Configuration
If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for a pre-defined service or application, click the
Edit
icon in the
Application List
table of the
Advanced
screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 108
Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List
176
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 68
Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List
LABEL
# Enable Direction Bandwidth Destination Port Source Port Protocol Apply Cancel
DESCRIPTION
This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Select an interface’s check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface. These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router through the interface, regardless of the traffic’s source.
Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the NBG-419N and be managed by bandwidth management.
Select
Maximum Bandwidth
second. or
Minimum Bandwidth
and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
See
Appendix E on page 277 for some common services and port
numbers.
This is the port number of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
See
for some common services and port numbers.
This is the protocol (
TCP
,
UDP
or user-defined) used for the service.
Click
Apply
to save your customized settings.
Click
Cancel
to exit this screen without saving.
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21.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration
If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for other applications or services, click the
Edit
icon in the
User-defined Service
table of the
Advanced
screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 109
Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 69
Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service
LABEL DESCRIPTION
BW Budget Destination Address Select
Maximum Bandwidth
second. or
Minimum Bandwidth
and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per Enter the IP address of the destination computer.
Destination Subnet Netmask The NBG-419N applies bandwidth management to the service or application that is entering this computer. Enter the subnet netmask of the destination of the traffic for which the bandwidth management rule applies.
Destination Port This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
Source Address Enter the IP address of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or service. Source Subnet Netmask Source Port The NBG-419N applies bandwidth management to traffic initiating from this computer. Enter the subnet netmask of the computer initiating the traffic for which the bandwidth management rule applies.
This is the port number of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
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LABEL
Protocol Apply Cancel
DESCRIPTION
Select the protocol (
TCP
,
UDP
,
User defined
) for which the bandwidth management rule applies. If you select
User-defined
, enter the protocol for which the bandwidth management rule applies. For example, ICMP for ping traffic.
Click
Apply
to save your customized settings.
Click
Cancel
to exit this screen without saving.
See Appendix E on page 277 for commonly used services and port numbers.
21.6 Monitor Screen
Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.
The bandwidth is measured in kilobits per second (kbps). The monitor shows what kinds of applications are running in the network, the maximum kbps that each application can use, as well as the percentage of bandwidth it is using.
Figure 110
Management > Bandwidth Management > Monitor
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21.6.1 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services
The following is a description of some services that you can select and to which you can apply media bandwidth management in the
Management
>
Bandwidth Management
>
Advanced
screen.
Table 70
Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services
SERVICE DESCRIPTION
FTP WWW E-Mail VoIP (SIP) File Transfer Program enables fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet; rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser. Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail: Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP. Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) is an internationally recognized standard for implementing VoIP. SIP is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet.
BitTorrent Gaming SIP is transported primarily over UDP but can also be transported over TCP. BitTorrent is a free P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing tool allowing you to distribute large software and media files. BitTorrent requires you to search for a file with a searching engine yourself. It distributes files by corporation and trading, that is, the client downloads the file in small pieces and share the pieces with other peers to get other half of the file.
Online gaming services lets you play multiplayer games on the Internet via broadband technology. As of this writing, your NBG-419N supports Xbox, Playstation, Battlenet and MSN Game Zone.
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C H A P T E R 22
Remote Management 22.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens. Remote Management allows you to manage your NBG-419N from a remote location through the following interfaces: • LAN and WAN • LAN only • WAN only
Note: The NBG-419N is managed using the Web Configurator.
22.2 What You Can Do
Use the
WWW
screen ( Section 22.4 on page 182
can manage the NBG-419N.
) to define the interface/s from
which the NBG-419N can be managed remotely and specify a secure client that
22.3 What You Need to Know
Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
1
The IP address in the
Secured Client IP Address
field (
Section 22.4 on page 182 ) does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the NBG-419N
will disconnect the session immediately.
2
There is already another remote management session. You may only have one remote management session running at one time.
3
There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
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22.3.1 Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled: • Use the NBG-419N’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. • Use the NBG-419N’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
22.3.2 System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The NBG-419N automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout period in the
System
screen
22.4 WWW Screen
To change your NBG-419N’s remote management settings, click
Management > Remote Management > WWW
.
Figure 111
Management > Remote Management > WWW
182
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 71
Management > Remote Management > WWW
LABEL
Server Port Server Access Secured Client IP Address
DESCRIPTION
You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG 419N using this service.
Select
All
to allow all computes to access the NBG-419N.
Otherwise, check
Selected
and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the NBG-419N.
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LABEL
Apply Reset Chapter 22 Remote Management
DESCRIPTION
Click
Apply
to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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C H A P T E R 23
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 23.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
23.2 What You Can Do
Use the UPnP screen (
Section 23.4 on page 186 ) to enable UPnP on your NBG-
419N.
23.3 What You Need to Know
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
23.3.1 NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following: • Dynamic port mapping NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Chapter 23 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) • Learning public IP addresses • Assigning lease times to mappings Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
23.3.2 Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the NBG-419N allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
23.4 UPnP Screen
Use this screen to enable UPnP on your NBG-419N.
Click
Management > UPnP
to display the screen shown next.
Figure 112
Management > UPnP
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Table 72
Management > UPnP
LABEL
Enable the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Feature Apply Cancel
DESCRIPTION
Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the NBG-419N's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator).
Click
Apply
to save the setting to the NBG-419N.
Click
Cancel
to return to the previously saved settings.
23.5 Technical Refereance
The sections show examples of using UPnP.
23.5.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG-419N.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG-419N. Turn on your computer and the NBG-419N.
23.5.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1
Click
start
and
Control Panel
. Double-click
Network Connections
. An icon displays under Internet Gateway.
2
Right-click the icon and select
Properties
.
Figure 113
Network Connections
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3
In the
Internet Connection Properties
window, click
Settings
to see the port mappings there were automatically created.
Figure 114
Internet Connection Properties
188 4
You may edit or delete the port mappings or click
Add
to manually add port mappings.
Figure 115
Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 116
Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
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5
Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically.
Select
Show icon in notification area when connected
option and click
OK
. An icon displays in the system tray.
Figure 117
System Tray Icon
6
Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Figure 118
Internet Connection Status
23.5.2 Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG-419N without finding out the IP address of the NBG-419N first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the NBG-419N.
Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.
1
Click
Start
and then
Control Panel
.
2
Double-click
Network Connections
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3
Select
My Network Places
under
Other Places
.
Figure 119
Network Connections
190 4
An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under
Local Network
.
5
Right-click on the icon for your NBG-419N and select
Invoke
. The web configurator login screen displays.
Figure 120
Network Connections: My Network Places
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6
Right-click on the icon for your NBG-419N and select
Properties
. A properties window displays with basic information about the NBG-419N.
Figure 121
Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
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P
ART
V
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
193
194
C H A P T E R 24
Maintenance 24.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the
Maintenance > General
screen.
24.2 What You Can Do
• Use the
General
screen (
Section 24.3 on page 195 ) to enter a name to identify
the NBG-419N in the network and set the password.
• Use the
Time Setting
screen ( Section 26.3 on page 199
) to change your NBG 419N’s time and date.
24.3 General Screen
Use this screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-419N in the network and set the password. Click
Maintenance
>
General
. The following screen displays.
Figure 122
Maintenance > General
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Table 73
Maintenance > General
LABEL
System Setup System Name
DESCRIPTION
Domain Name Administrator Inactivity Timer Apply Reset System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-419N in an Ethernet network.
Enter the domain name you want to give to the NBG-419N. Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).
Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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C H A P T E R 25
Password 25.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the NBG-419N’s logs. Refer to the appendices for example log message explanations. The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG-419N’s logs in one location.
25.2 What You Can Do
Use the
View Log
screen ( Section 25.4 on page 198 ) to see the logs for the
categories such as system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked web features, and so on.
25.3 What You Need to Know
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web sites with restricted web features such as cookies, active X and so on. Some categories such as
System Errors
consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the
View Log
screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black.
Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full (see
Log Schedule
). Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially
Access Control
) may result in many e-mails being sent.
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25.4 Password Screen
Use the
View Log
screen to see the logged messages for the NBG-419N. Options include logs about system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked web features (such as ActiveX controls, Java and cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec.
Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order. Click
Maintenance
>
Password
.
Figure 123
Maintenance > Password
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 74
Maintenance > Password
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Password Setup Old Password Change your NBG-419N’s password (recommended) using the fields as shown.
Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field.
New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type.
Retype to Confirm Type the new password again in this field.
Apply Reset Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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C H A P T E R 26
Time 26.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the
Time Setting
screens. See
Section 3.2.3 on page 39 for more information on how to set up the NBG-419N’s date and time.
26.2 What You Can Do
Use the Time Setting screen ( Section 26.3 on page 199
) to change your NBG 419N’s time and date.
26.3 Time Setting Screen
Use this screen to configure the NBG-419N’s time based on your local time zone. To change your NBG-419N’s time and date, click
Maintenance
>
System
>
Time Setting
. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 124
Maintenance > Time
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Table 75
Maintenance > Time
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date Current Time This field displays the time of your NBG-419N.
Current Date Each time you reload this page, the NBG-419N synchronizes the time with the time server.
This field displays the date of your NBG-419N. Each time you reload this page, the NBG-419N synchronizes the date with the time server.
Current Time and Date Manual New Time Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it.
This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually.
(hh:mm:ss) New Date When you set
Time and Date Setup
to
Manual
, enter the new time in this field and then click
Apply
. This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually.
(yyyy/mm/dd) When you set
Time and Date Setup
to
Manual
, enter the new date in this field and then click
Apply
.
Get from Time Server Auto User Defined Time Server Address Select this radio button to have the NBG-419N get the time and date from the time server you specified below.
Select
Auto
to have the NBG-419N automatically search for an available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click
Apply
.
Select
User Defined Time Server Address
and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup Time Zone Daylight Savings Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
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Table 75
Maintenance > Time
LABEL
Start Date
DESCRIPTION
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected
Daylight Savings
. The
o'clock
field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples: End Date Apply Reset Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the first Sunday of April. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select
First
,
Sunday
,
April
and type 2 in the
o'clock
field.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last
,
Sunday
,
March
. The time you type in the
o'clock
field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected
Daylight Savings
. The
o'clock
field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples: Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select
Last
,
Sunday
,
October
and type 2 in the
o'clock
field.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last
,
Sunday
,
October
. The time you type in the
o'clock
field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Click
Apply
to save your changes back to the NBG-419N.
Click
Reset
to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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C H A P T E R 27
Firmware Upgrade 27.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files and restart the NBG-419N.
27.2 What You Can Do
Use the
Firmware
screen ( Section 27.3 on page 203
) to upload firmware to your NBG-419N.
27.3 Firmware Upload Screen
Find firmware at www.zyxel.com
in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a “*.bin” extension, e.g., “NBG-419N.bin”. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.
Click
Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-419N.
Figure 125
Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
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Table 76
Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
LABEL
File Path Browse... Upload
DESCRIPTION
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse...
to find it.
Click
Browse...
to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Click
Upload
to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-419N while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the
Firmware Upload In Process
screen, wait two minutes before logging into the NBG-419N again.
The NBG-419N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 126
Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the
Status
screen.
If the upload was not successful, an error message appears. Click
Return
to go back to the
Firmware
screen.
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C H A P T E R 28
Backup/Restore 28.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to backup, restore and reset your NBG-419N.
Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG-419N’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NBG-419N is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your NBG-419N.
28.2 What You Can Do
Use the
Backup/Restore
screen (
Section 28.3 on page 206 ) to view information
related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration.
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28.3 Configuration Screen
Click
Maintenance > Backup/Restore
. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.
Figure 127
Maintenance > Backup/Restore
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 77
Maintenance > Backup/Restore
LABEL
Backup File Path Browse...
DESCRIPTION
Click
Backup
to save the NBG-419N’s current configuration to your computer.
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse...
to find it.
Click
Browse...
to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
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Table 77
Maintenance > Backup/Restore
LABEL
Upload
DESCRIPTION
Click
Upload
to begin the upload process.
Reset
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-419N while configuration file upload is in progress.
After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the NBG-419N again. The NBG-419N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect.
If you see an error screen, click Back to return to the Backup/Restore screen.
Pressing the defaults.
Reset
button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the NBG-419N to its factory You can also press the
RESET
button.
RESET
button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG-419N. Refer to the chapter about introducing the Web Configurator for more information on the
Note: If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG 419N IP address (192.168.1.1). See
for details on
how to set up your computer’s IP address.
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C H A P T E R 29
Reset/Restart 29.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to restart your NBG-419N.
29.2 What You Can Do
Use the
Reset/Restart
screen (
Section 29.3 on page 209 ) to reboot the NBG-
419N without turning the power off.
29.3 Reset/Restart Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the NBG-419N without turning the power off. Click
Maintenance > Reset/Restart
to open the following screen.
Figure 128
Maintenance > Reset/Restart
Click
Restart
to have the NBG-419N reboot. This does not affect the NBG-419N's configuration.
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C H A P T E R 30
Sys OP Mode 30.1 Overview
The
Sys OP Mode
(System Operation Mode) function lets you configure your NBG-419N as a router, access point or Wireless ISP (WISP) client. You can choose between
Router Mode
,
Access Point Mode
and
WISP Mode
depending on your network topology and the features you require from your device.
See Section 5.1.2 on page 49 for more information on which mode to choose.
30.2 What You Can Do
Use the
Sys OP Mode
screen (
Section 30.4 on page 213 ) to select how you want
to use your NBG-419N.
30.3 What You Need to Know
The following describes the device modes available in your NBG-419N.
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Router
A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet. The router has two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address.
Figure 129
LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode
Access Point
An access point enabled all ethernet ports to be bridged together and be in the same subnet. To connect to the Internet, another device, such as a router, is required.
Figure 130
IP Address in Access Point Mode
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WISP
A WISP client connects to an existing access point wirelessly. It acts just like a wireless client in notebooks/computers.
Figure 131
IP Address in Access Point Mode
Access Point Wireless Client
30.4 Sys Op Mode Screen
Use this screen to select how you want to use your NBG-419N.
Figure 132
Maintenance > Sys OP Mode
The following table describes the labels in the
General
screen.
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Table 78
Maintenance > Sys OP Mode
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Operation Mode Router Select
Router Mode
if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. This mode offers services such as a firewall or bandwidth management.
If you select
Router Mode
the following pop-up message window appears. Access Point You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system administrator for more information on appropriate settings.
Select
Access Point Mode
if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network.
If you select
Access Point Mode
the following pop-up message window appears. WISP Mode • In Access Point mode all Ethernet ports have the same IP address. • All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN. There is no WAN port.
• The DHCP server on your device is disabled. • The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.2.
Select
WISP Mode
if your device needs a wireless client to connect to an existing access point.
If you select
WISP Mode
the following pop-up message window appears..
214
Apply Reset • You cannot configure Wireless LAN settings (including WPS) and scheduling in the WISP mode.
• The IP address of the device on the local network is the same as the IP address given to the NBG-419N while in router mode (default is 192.168.1.1).
Click
Apply
to save your settings.
Click
Reset
to return your settings to the default (
Router
)
Note: If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you may not be able to connect to the Internet.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 31
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. •
Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
•
•
•
Resetting the NBG-419N to Its Factory Defaults
•
Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
31.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG-419N does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1
Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG-419N.
2
Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG-419N and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
3
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-419N.
4
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
1
Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on page 22 .
2
Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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3
Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
4
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG-419N.
5
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
31.2 NBG-419N Access and Login
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-419N.
1
The default IP address is
192.168.1.1
.
2 3
If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG-419N by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click
Start > Run
, enter
cmd
, and then enter
ipconfig
. The IP address of the your Internet browser.Set your device to
Default Gateway Router Mode
might be the IP address of the NBG-419N (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in , login (see the Quick Start Guide for instructions) and go to the
Device Information
table in the
Status
screen. Your NBG-419N’s IP address is available in the
Device Information
table. • If the
DHCP
setting under
LAN information
is
None
, your device has a fixed IP address. • If the
DHCP
setting under
LAN information
is
Client
, then your device receives an IP address from a DHCP server on the network. If your NBG-419N is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network. Find this information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more information.
4
Reset your NBG-419N to change all settings back to their default. This means your
current settings are lost. See Section 31.4 on page 219 in the
Troubleshooting
for information on resetting your NBG-419N.
I forgot the password.
1
The default password is
1234
.
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2
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
I cannot see or access the
Login
screen in the Web Configurator.
1 2
Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1
.
• If you changed the IP address (
Section 13.4 on page 135 ), use the new IP
address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-419N.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide.
3
Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See
.
4 5
Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG-419N. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the NBG-419N, skip this step.) • If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same subnet as the NBG-419N. See
Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG-419N with the
default IP address. See Section 28.3 on page 206
.
6
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestion
• If your computer is connected to the
WAN
port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a
LAN
/
ETHERNET
port.
I can see the
Login
screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG-419N.
1
Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is
1234
. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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2
This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after 5 minutes.
3
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-419N.
4
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
31.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
1
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide.
2
Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
3 4
If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP.
• Go to Network > Wireless LAN > General > WDS and check if the NBG-419N is set to bridge mode. Select
Disable
and try to connect to the Internet again.
Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
5 6
Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode setting. • Select
Router
if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. • Select
Access Point
if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG 419N), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.
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1
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and
.
2
Reboot the NBG-419N.
3
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
1
There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check
. If the NBG-419N is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
2
Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG-419N closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
3
Reboot the NBG-419N.
4
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider changing the allocations. • Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications.
31.4 Resetting the NBG-419N to Its Factory Defaults
If you reset the NBG-419N, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG 419N re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to
1234
. You have to make all of your changes again.
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Chapter 31 Troubleshooting
You will lose all of your changes when you push the
RESET
button.
To reset the NBG-419N,
1
Make sure the power LED is on.
2
Press the
RESET
button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-419N.
3
Press the
RESET
button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-419N back to its factory-default configurations.
If the NBG-419N restarts automatically, wait for the NBG-419N to finish restarting, and log in to the Web Configurator. The password is “1234”.
If the NBG-419N does not restart automatically, di sconnect and reconnect the NBG-419N’s power. Then, follow the directions above again.
31.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
I cannot access the NBG-419N or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router).
220 1
Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG-419N
2
Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
3
Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NBG-419N.
4
Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the NBG-419N.
5
Check that both the NBG-419N and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless security settings.
6
Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the NBG-419N.
7
Make sure you allow the NBG-419N to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your remote management settings.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Chapter 31 Troubleshooting • See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the User’s Guide for more information.
to select Router Mode.
I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be blocked.
Make sure that you select the the
Keyword List
.
Enable URL Keyword Blocking
check box in the Content Filtering screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in If a keyword that is listed in the
Keyword List
is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking section in the Content Filter chapter.
I can access the Internet, but I cannot open my network folders.
In the Network > LAN > Advanced screen, make sure
Allow between LAN and WAN
is checked. This is not checked by default to keep the LAN secure.
If you still cannot access a network folder, make sure your account has access rights to the folder you are trying to open.
I can access the Web Configurator after I switched to AP mode.
When you change from router mode to AP mode, your computer must have an IP address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
Refer to Appendix C on page 247 for instructions on how to change your
computer’s IP address.
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C H A P T E R 32
Product Specifications
The following tables summarize the NBG-419N’s hardware and firmware features.
Table 79
H)
Hardware Features
Dimensions (W x D x 162 mm x 115 mm x 33 mm Weight Power Specification 252 g Input: 100~240 V AC, 50~60 Hz Ethernet ports Output: 12 V DC 1A Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full duplex mode.
4-5 Port Switch LEDs Reset Button Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables.
A combination of switch and router makes your NBG-419N a cost effective and viable network solution. You can add up to four computers to the NBG-419N without the cost of a hub when connecting to the Internet through the WAN port. You can add up to five computers to the NBG-419N when you connect to the Internet in AP mode. Add more than four computers to your LAN by using a hub.
PWR, LAN1-4, WAN, WLAN, WPS The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to restore the NBG-419N to its factory default settings. Press for 1 second to restart the device. Press for 5 seconds to restore to factory default settings.
WPS button Wireless Switch Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds for a security-enabled wireless connection.
Turn on or turn off the wireless function of the NBG-419N using this switch. There is no need to go into the Web Configurator. Antenna Operation Environment The NBG-419N is equipped with two 2dBi (2.4GHz) detachable antennas to provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network. Temperature: 0º C ~ 40º C / 32ºF ~ 104ºF Humidity: 20% ~ 90% Storage Environment Temperature: -30º C ~ 70º C / -22ºF ~ 158ºF Humidity: 20% ~ 95%
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Table 80
Firmware Features
FEATURE
Default IP Address
DESCRIPTION
192.168.1.1 (router) Default Subnet Mask Default Password DHCP Pool Wireless Interface Default Wireless SSID Default Wireless DHCP Pool Size Device Management Wireless Functionality 192.168.1.2. (AP) 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) 1234 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64 Wireless LAN ZyXEL Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (32 from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64) Use the Web Configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the NBG-419N.
Allows IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g wireless clients to connect to the NBG-419N wirelessly. Enable wireless security ( WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Firmware Upgrade
Note: The NBG-419N may be prone to RF (Radio Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs.
Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the Web Configurator to put it on the NBG-419N.
Configuration Backup & Restoration Network Address Translation (NAT) Firewall
Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
Make a copy of the NBG-419N’s configuration and put it back on the NBG-419N later if you decide you want to revert back to an earl i er configuration.
Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network.
You can configure firewall on the NBG-419N for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example.
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Chapter 32 Product Specifications
Table 80
Firmware Features
FEATURE
Content Filter
DESCRIPTION
The NBG-419N blocks or allows access to web sites that you specify and blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled. You can also include or exclude particular computers on your network from content filtering.
You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that allows your NBG-419N to check web sites against an external database.
Bandwidth Management You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers.
Remote Management Wireless LAN Scheduler This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or FTP traffic for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the NBG-419N.
You can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/ disabled.
Time and Date Port Forwarding DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Dynamic DNS Support Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your NBG-419N. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.
If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, then use this feature to let people access it from the Internet.
Use this feature to have the NBG-419N assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network.
With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.
IP Multicast Logging PPPoE PPTP Encapsulation Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The NBG-419N supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236).
Use logs for troubleshooting. You can view logs in the Web Configurator.
PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection.
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The NBG-419N supports one PPTP connection at a time.
The NBG-419N can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a network. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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P
ART
VI
Appendices and Index
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (229)
IP Addresses and Subnetting (237)
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address (247)
227
228
A P P E N D I X
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.
Disable pop-up Blockers
1
In Internet Explorer, select
Tools
,
Pop-up Blocker
and then select
Turn Off Pop-up Blocker
.
Figure 133
Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the
Pop-up Blocker
section in the
Privacy
tab. NBG-419N User’s Guide
229
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
1
In Internet Explorer, select
Tools
,
Internet Options
,
Privacy
.
2
Clear the
Block pop-ups
check box in the
Pop-up Blocker
section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
Figure 134
Internet Options: Privacy
3
Click
Apply
to save this setting.
Enable pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
1
In Internet Explorer, select
Tools
,
Internet Options
and then the
Privacy
tab.
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Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
2
Select
Settings…
to open the
Pop-up Blocker Settings
screen.
Figure 135
Internet Options: Privacy
3
Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
4
Click
Add
to move the IP address to the list of
Allowed sites
.
Figure 136
Pop-up Blocker Settings
5
Click
Close
to return to the
Privacy
screen.
6
Click
Apply
to save this setting.
JavaScripts
If pages of the Web Configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed.
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Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
1
In Internet Explorer, click
Tools
,
Internet Options
and then the
Security
tab.
Figure 137
Internet Options: Security
2
Click the
Custom Level...
button.
3
Scroll down to
Scripting
.
4
Under
Active scripting
make sure that
Enable
is selected (the default).
5
Under
Scripting of Java applets
make sure that
Enable
is selected (the default). NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
6
Click
OK
to close the window.
Figure 138
Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions 1
From Internet Explorer, click
Tools
,
Internet Options
and then the
Security
tab.
2
Click the
Custom Level...
button.
3
Scroll down to
Microsoft VM
.
4
Under
Java permissions
make sure that a safety level is selected.
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Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
5
Click
OK
to close the window.
Figure 139
Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
1
From Internet Explorer, click
Tools
,
Internet Options
and then the
Advanced
tab.
2
Make sure that
Use Java 2 for
under
Java (Sun)
is selected.
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235
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
3
Click
OK
to close the window.
Figure 140
Java (Sun)
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A P P E N D I X
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.
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Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Figure 141
Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
Table 81
Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number
IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary)
1ST OCTET: 2ND OCTET: 3RD OCTET: (192)
11000000
(168)
10101000
(1)
00000001
11111111 11111111 11111111 4TH OCTET (2)
00000010 00000000
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Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting
Table 81
Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number
1ST OCTET: 2ND OCTET: 3RD OCTET:
Network Number Host ID
(192) (168) (1) 11000000 10101000 00000001 4TH OCTET (2)
00000010 By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Table 82
Subnet Masks
BINARY 1ST OCTET
8-bit mask 11111111 16-bit mask 11111111 24-bit mask 29-bit mask 11111111 11111111
2ND OCTET
00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111
3RD OCTET
00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111
4TH OCTET
00000000 00000000 00000000 11111000
DECIMAL
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.24
8
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
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239
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:
Table 83
Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE
8 bits 255.0.0.0
16 bits 255.255.0.0
24 bits 16 bits 24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 29 bits 255.255.255.2
48 3 bits 2 24 – 2 2 16 – 2 2 8 – 2 2 3 – 2
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS
16777214 65534 254 6
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Table 84
Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.12
8 255.255.255.19
2 255.255.255.22
4 255.255.255.24
0 255.255.255.24
8 255.255.255.25
2
ALTERNATIVE NOTATION
/24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30
LAST OCTET (BINARY)
0000 0000 1000 0000 1100 0000 1110 0000 1111 0000 1111 1000 1111 1100
LAST OCTET (DECIMAL)
0 128 192 224 240 248 252
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Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting
Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 2 8 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Figure 142
Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks,
A
and
B
.
Figure 143
Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 2 7 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet
A
itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet
A
is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet
B
is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.
11
000000) or 255.255.255.192.
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Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 2 address). 6 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast
Table 85
Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK
IP Address (Decimal) IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0
Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63
NETWORK NUMBER
192.168.1.
LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
0 11000000.10101000.00000001.
00
000000 11111111.11111111.11111111.
11
000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
Table 86
Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK
IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64
Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127
Table 87
Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK
IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128
Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191
Table 88
Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK
IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary)
NETWORK NUMBER
192.168.1.
LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
64 11000000.10101000.00000001.
01
000000 11111111.11111111.11111111.
11
000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
NETWORK NUMBER
192.168.1.
LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
128 11000000.10101000.00000001.
10
000000 11111111.11111111.11111111.
11
000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
NETWORK NUMBER
192.168.1.
11000000.10101000.00000001
.
11111111.11111111.11111111
.
LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
192
11
000000
11
000000 NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting
Table 88
Subnet 4 (continued)
IP/SUBNET MASK
Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192
Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255
NETWORK NUMBER
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
LAST OCTET BIT VALUE Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Table 89
Eight Subnets
SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS
0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 1 33 65 97 129 161 193 225 30 62 94 126 158 190 222 254
BROADCAST ADDRESS
31 63 95 127 159 191 223 255
Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.
2 3 4 5 6 7
Table 90
24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS
1
SUBNET MASK
255.255.255.128 (/25) 2 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 4 8 16 32 64 128 6 2 1 126 62 30 14
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Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.
Table 91
16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
SUBNET MASK
255.255.128.0 (/17) 255.255.192.0 (/18) 255.255.224.0 (/19) 255.255.240.0 (/20) 255.255.248.0 (/21) 255.255.252.0 (/22) 255.255.254.0 (/23) 255.255.255.0 (/24) 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32768 6 2 1 126 62 30 14 32766 16382 8190 4094 2046 1022 510 254
Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG-419N. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG 419N that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-419N will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks: • 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597,
Address Allocation for Private Internets
and RFC 1466,
Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
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A P P E N D I X
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third party TCP/IP application package.
TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems.
After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network. If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the Prestige’s LAN port.
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
Windows 95/98/Me
Click
Start
,
Settings
,
Control Panel
and double-click the
Network
icon to open the
Network
window.
Figure 144
WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration
Installing Components
The
Network
Networks.
window
Configuration
tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft If you need the adapter:
1
In the
Network
window, click
Add
.
2
Select
Adapter
and then click
Add
.
3
Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click
OK
.
If you need TCP/IP:
1
In the
Network
window, click
Add
.
2
Select
Protocol
and then click
Add
.
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
3
Select
Microsoft
from the list of
manufacturers
.
4
Select
TCP/IP
from the list of network protocols and then click
OK
.
If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:
1
Click
Add
.
2
Select
Client
and then click
Add
.
3
Select
Microsoft
from the list of manufacturers.
4
Select
Client for Microsoft Networks
from the list of network clients and then click
OK
.
5
Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.
Configuring
1
In the
Network
window
Configuration
tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click
Properties 2
Click the
IP Address
tab.
• If your IP address is dynamic, select
Obtain an IP address automatically
. • If you have a static IP address, select
Specify an IP address
and type your information into the
IP Address
and
Subnet Mask
fields.
Figure 145
Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
3
Click the
DNS
Configuration tab.
• If you do not know your DNS information, select
Disable DNS
.
• If you know your DNS information, select
Enable DNS
and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in).
Figure 146
Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration
4 5
Click the
Gateway
tab.
• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways.
• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the
New gateway field
and click
Add
.
Click
OK
to save and close the
TCP/IP Properties
window.
6
Click
OK
to close the
Network
window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.
7
Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer when prompted.
Verifying Settings
1
Click
Start
and then
Run
.
2
In the
Run
window, type "winipcfg" and then click
OK
to open the
IP Configuration
window.
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
3
Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.
Windows 2000/NT/XP
The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme.
1
Click
start
(
Start
in Windows 2000/NT),
Settings
,
Control Panel
.
Figure 147
Windows XP: Start Menu
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
2
In the
Control Panel
, double-click
Network Connections
(
Network and Dial up Connections
in Windows 2000/NT).
Figure 148
Windows XP: Control Panel
3
Right-click
Local Area Connection
and then click
Properties
.
Figure 149
Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
4
Select
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
(under the
General
tab in Win XP) and then click
Properties
.
Figure 150
Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties
5
The
Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties
window opens (the
General tab
in Windows XP).
• If you have a dynamic IP address click
Obtain an IP address automatically
.
• If you have a static IP address click
Use the following IP Address
and fill in the
IP address
,
Subnet mask
, and
Default gateway
fields. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • Click
Advanced
.
Figure 151
Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
254 6
If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the
IP Settings
tab and click
OK
.
Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses: • In the
IP Settings
tab, in IP addresses, click
Add
.
• In
TCP/IP Address
, type an IP address in
IP address
and a subnet mask in
Subnet mask
, and then click
Add
.
• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.
• Configure additional default gateways in the
IP Settings
tab by clicking
Add
in
Default gateways
.
• In
TCP/IP Gateway Address
, type the IP address of the default gateway in
Gateway
. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the
Automatic metric
check box and type a metric in
Metric
.
• Click
Add
. • Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • Click
OK
when finished.
Figure 152
Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties
7
In the
Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties
window (the
General tab
in Windows XP): • Click
Obtain DNS server address automatically
if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).
• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click
Use the following DNS server addresses
, and type them in the
Preferred DNS server
and
Alternate DNS server
fields. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address If you have previously configured DNS servers, click
Advanced
and then the
DNS
tab to order them.
Figure 153
Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
8
Click
OK
to close the
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
window.
9
Click
Close
(
OK
in Windows 2000/NT) to close the
Local Area Connection Properties
window.
10
Close the
Network Connections
window (
Network and Dial-up Connections
in Windows 2000/NT).
11
Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
1
Click
Start
,
All Programs
,
Accessories
and then
Command Prompt
.
2
In the
Command Prompt
window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open
Network Connections
, right-click a network connection, click
Status
and then click the
Support
tab.
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Macintosh OS 8/9 1
Click the
Apple
menu,
Control Panel
and double-click
TCP/IP
to open the
TCP/ IP Control Panel
.
Figure 154
Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
2
Select
Ethernet built-in
from the
Connect via
list.
Figure 155
Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP
3
For dynamically assigned settings, select
Using DHCP Server
from the
Configure:
list.
4 5
For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the
Configure
box, select
Manually
.
• Type your IP address in the
IP Address
box.
• Type your subnet mask in the
Subnet mask
box.
• Type the IP address of your Prestige in the
Router address
box.
Close the
TCP/IP Control Panel
.
6
Click
Save
if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.
7
Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties in the
TCP/IP Control Panel
window.
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
Macintosh OS X 1
Click the
Apple
menu, and click
System Preferences
to open the
System Preferences
window.
Figure 156
Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu
2 3
Click
Network
in the icon bar. • Select
Automatic
from the
Location
list.
• Select
Built-in Ethernet
from the
Show
list. • Click the
TCP/IP
tab.
For dynamically assigned settings, select
Using DHCP
from the
Configure
list.
Figure 157
Macintosh OS X: Network
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
4 5
For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the
Configure
box, select
Manually
.
• Type your IP address in the
IP Address
box.
• Type your subnet mask in the
Subnet mask
box.
• Type the IP address of your Prestige in the
Router address
box.
Click
Apply Now
and close the window.
6
Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties in the
Network
window.
Linux
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release version.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Using the K Desktop Environment (KDE)
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address using the KDE.
1
Click the Red Hat button (located on the bottom left corner), select
System Setting
and click
Network
.
Figure 158
Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices
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2
Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. The
Ethernet Device General
screen displays as shown.
Figure 159
Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General
3
• If you have a dynamic IP address click
Automatically obtain IP address settings with
and select
dhcp
from the drop down list. • If you have a static IP address click
Statically set IP Addresses
and fill in the
Address
,
Subnet mask
, and
Default Gateway Address
fields. Click
OK
to save the changes and close the
Ethernet Device General
screen.
4
If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the
DNS
tab in the
Network Configuration
screen. Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
Figure 160
Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
5
Click the
Devices
tab.
6
Click the
Activate
button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click
Yes to save the changes in all screens.
Figure 161
Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate
7
After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the
Status
is
Active
in the
Network Configuration
screen.
Using Configuration Files
Follow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address.
1
Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the ifconfig-eth0 configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with any plain text editor.
• If you have a dynamic IP address, enter
dhcp
in the BOOTPROTO= field. The following figure shows an example.
Figure 162
Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0
DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes TYPE=Ethernet
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • If you have a static IP address, enter
static
in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR = followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK = followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 163
Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0
DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=
192.168.1.10
NETMASK=
255.255.255.0
USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes TYPE=Ethernet
2
If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the resolv.conf
file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP addresses are specified.
Figure 164
Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf
nameserver 172.23.5.1
nameserver 172.23.5.2
3
After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Enter ./network restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure shows an example.
Figure 165
Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card
[root@localhost init.d]# network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [OK] Shutting down loopback interface: [OK] Setting network parameters: [OK] Bringing up loopback interface: [OK] Bringing up interface eth0: [OK] NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
32.0.1 Verifying Settings
Enter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties.
Figure 166
Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties
[root@localhost]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44 inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb) Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000 [root@localhost]#
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A P P E N D I X
Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN Topologies
This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.
Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration
The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless stations (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an Ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an Ad-hoc wireless LAN.
Figure 167
Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network
BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate NBG-419N User’s Guide
265
Appendix D Wireless LANs with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
Figure 168
Basic Service Set
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).
This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.
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Appendix D Wireless LANs An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless stations within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
Figure 169
Infrastructure WLAN
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.
Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.
RTS/CTS
A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or NBG-419N User’s Guide
267
Appendix D Wireless LANs wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other.
Figure 170
RTS/CTS
268
When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.
RTS/CTS
is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An
RTS/CTS
defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.
When a data frame exceeds the
RTS/CTS
value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.
Stations can send frames smaller than the specified
RTS/CTS
directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure
RTS/CTS
if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the
RTS/CTS
value is greater than the
Fragmentation Threshold
occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach
RTS/CTS
value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never size.
Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Appendix D Wireless LANs
Fragmentation Threshold
A
Fragmentation Threshold
is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.
A large
Fragmentation Threshold
is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
If the
Fragmentation Threshold
value is smaller than the
RTS/CTS
value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach
RTS/CTS
size.
Preamble Type
A preamble is used to synchronize the transmission timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes:
Long
and
Short
. Short preamble takes less time to process and minimizes overhead, so it should be used in a good wireless network environment when all wireless stations support it. Select
Long
if you have a ‘noisy’ network or are unsure of what preamble mode your wireless stations support as all IEEE 802.11b compliant wireless adapters must support long preamble. However, not all wireless adapters support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, to ensure interpretability between the AP and the wireless stations and to provide more reliable communication in ‘noisy’ networks. Select
Dynamic
to have the AP automatically use short preamble when all wireless stations support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble.
Note: The AP and the wireless stations MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix D Wireless LANs several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Table 92
IEEE 802.11g
DATA RATE (MBPS)
1 2 5.5 / 11 6/9/12/18/24/36/ 48/54
MODULATION
DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) CCK (Complementary Code Keying) OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
IEEE 802.1x
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are: • User based identification that allows for roaming.
• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. • Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless stations.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks: • Authentication Determines the identity of the users.
• Authorization Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.
• Accounting Keeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless station and the network RADIUS server.
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Appendix D Wireless LANs
Types of RADIUS Messages
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication: • Access-Request Sent by an access point requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access. • Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting: • Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access.
Types of Authentication
This appendix discusses some popular authentication types:
EAP-MD5
,
EAP-TLS
,
EAP-TTLS
,
PEAP
and
LEAP
. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP. Consult your network administrator for more information.
EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)
MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless station. The wireless station ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix D Wireless LANs However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption.
EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)
With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless stations for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead.
EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)
EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
PEAP (Protected EAP)
Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.
LEAP
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.
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Appendix D Wireless LANs If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the Wireless screen. You may still configure and store keys here, but they will not be used while Dynamic WEP is enabled.
Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with dynamic WEP key exchange
For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.
Table 93
Comparison of EAP Authentication Types
EAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS
Mutual Authentication Certificate – Client Certificate – Server Dynamic Key Exchange Credential Integrity Deployment Difficulty Client Identity Protection No No No No None Easy No Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong Hard No Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes
PEAP
Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes
LEAP
Yes No No Yes Moderate Moderate No
WPA(2)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA(2) and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication.
Encryption
Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. In addition to TKIP, WPA2 also uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.
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Appendix D Wireless LANs TKIP regularly changes and rotates the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.
WPA2 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), TKIP makes it much more difficult to decode data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP, making it difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it's still an improvement over WEP as it employs an easier-to-use, consistent, single, alphanumeric password.
User Authentication
WPA or WPA2 applies IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2 -PSK (WPA2 -Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.
Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.
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Appendix D Wireless LANs
32.0.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example
A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
1
First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).
2
The AP checks each wireless client's password and (only) allows it to join the network if the password matches.
3
The AP derives and distributes keys to the wireless clients.
4
The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process to encrypt data exchanged between them.
Figure 171
WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
32.0.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
You need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
1
The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2
The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly.
3
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Appendix D Wireless LANs
Security Parameters Summary
Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.
Table 94
Wireless Security Relational Matrix
AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL ENCRYPTIO N METHOD ENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X
Open None No Open Shared WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK WEP WEP TKIP TKIP AES AES No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Disable Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable Enable Enable Enable
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A P P E N D I X
Common Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/ code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. •
Name
: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like.
•
Protocol
: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is
TCP/ UDP
, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is
USER-DEFINED
, the
Port(s
) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.
•
Port(s)
: This value depends on the
Protocol
. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
• If the
Protocol
is
TCP
,
UDP
, or
TCP/UDP
, this is the IP port number.
• If the
Protocol
is
USER
, this is the IP protocol number.
•
Description
: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used.
Table 95
Commonly Used Services
NAME
AH (IPSEC_TUNNEL) AIM/New-ICQ AUTH BGP BOOTP_CLIENT BOOTP_SERVER CU-SEEME DNS
PROTOCOL
User-Defined TCP TCP TCP UDP UDP TCP UDP TCP/UDP
PORT(S)
51 5190 113 179 68 67 7648 24032 53
DESCRIPTION
The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service.
AOL’s Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ.
Authentication protocol used by some servers.
Border Gateway Protocol.
DHCP Client.
DHCP Server.
A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software.
Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com
) to IP numbers.
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Appendix E Common Services
Table 95
Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME
ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL)
PROTOCOL
User-Defined
PORT(S)
50 FINGER FTP H.323
HTTP HTTPS ICMP ICQ IGMP (MULTICAST) IKE IRC MSN Messenger NEW-ICQ NEWS NFS NNTP PING POP3 TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP User-Defined UDP User-Defined UDP TCP/UDP TCP TCP TCP UDP TCP User-Defined TCP 79 20 21 1720 80 443 1 4000 2 500 6667 1863 5190 144 2049 119 1 110
DESCRIPTION
The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.
Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.
File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.
NetMeeting uses this protocol.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web.
HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce.
Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes.
This is a popular Internet chat program.
Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.
The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.
This is another popular Internet chat program.
Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. An Internet chat program.
A protocol for news groups.
Network File System - NFS is a client/ server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.
Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.
Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.
Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).
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Appendix E Common Services
Table 95
Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME
PPTP
PROTOCOL
TCP
PORT(S)
1723 PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) RCMD REAL_AUDIO REXEC RLOGIN RTELNET RTSP SFTP SMTP SNMP SNMP-TRAPS SQL-NET SSH STRM WORKS SYSLOG TACACS TELNET User-Defined TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP/UDP TCP TCP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP TCP/UDP UDP UDP UDP TCP 47 512 7070 514 513 107 554 115 25 161 162 1521 22 1558 514 49 23
DESCRIPTION
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.
Remote Command Service.
A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.
Remote Execution Daemon.
Remote Login.
Remote Telnet.
The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. Simple File Transfer Protocol.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.
Simple Network Management Program.
Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.
Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
Stream Works Protocol.
Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.
Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System).
Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.
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Appendix E Common Services
Table 95
Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME
TFTP
PROTOCOL
UDP
PORT(S)
69 VDOLIVE TCP 7000
DESCRIPTION
Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
Another videoconferencing solution.
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A P P E N D I X
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Certifications
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement
The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause NBG-419N User’s Guide
281
Appendix F Legal Information harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
1
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
2
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
3
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
4
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
282
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware limited to channels 1 through 11. • To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. 注意 !
依據 低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法 第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機,非經許可,公司、商號或使用 者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。 第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信;經發現 有干擾現象時,應立即停用,並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。 前項合法通信,指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍 受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。 本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。 減少電磁波影響,請妥適使用。
Notices
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Appendix F Legal Information This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Industry Canada Statement
This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1
this device may not cause interference and
2
this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 2dBi.
Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful communication.
IMPORTANT NOTE: IC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.
Viewing Certifications
1
Go to http://www.zyxel.com
.
2
Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.
3
Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
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Appendix F Legal Information
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http:// www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
End-User License Agreement for "NBG-419N" WARNING:
ZyXEL Communications Corp. IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE ENCLOSED SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS AS INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE WILL INDICATE YOUR ASSENT TO THEM. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, THEN ZyXEL, INC. IS UNWILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE TO YOU, IN WHICH EVENT YOU SHOULD RETURN THE UNINSTALLED SOFTWARE AND PACKAGING TO THE PLACE FROM WHICH IT WAS ACQUIRED, AND YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED.
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Appendix F Legal Information
1
Grant of License for Personal Use ZyXEL Communications Corp. ("ZyXEL") grants you a non-exclusive, non sublicense, non-transferable license to use the program with which this license is distributed (the "Software"), including any documentation files accompanying the Software ("Documentation"), for internal business use only, for up to the number of users specified in sales order and invoice. You have the right to make one backup copy of the Software and Documentation solely for archival, back-up or disaster recovery purposes. You shall not exceed the scope of the license granted hereunder. Any rights not expressly granted by ZyXEL to you are reserved by ZyXEL, and all implied licenses are disclaimed.
2
Ownership You have no ownership rights in the Software. Rather, you have a license to use the Software as long as this License Agreement remains in full force and effect. Ownership of the Software, Documentation and all intellectual property rights therein shall remain at all times with ZyXEL. Any other use of the Software by any other entity is strictly forbidden and is a violation of this License Agreement.
3
Copyright The Software and Documentation contain material that is protected by United States Copyright Law and trade secret law, and by international treaty provisions. All rights not granted to you herein are expressly reserved by ZyXEL. You may not remove any proprietary notice of ZyXEL or any of its licensors from any copy of the Software or Documentation.
4
Restrictions You may not publish, display, disclose, sell, rent, lease, modify, store, loan, distribute, or create derivative works of the Software, or any part thereof. You may not assign, sublicense, convey or otherwise transfer, pledge as security or otherwise encumber the rights and licenses granted hereunder with respect to the Software. Certain components of the Software, and third party open source programs included with the Software, have been or may be made available by ZyXEL on its Open Source web site (ftp://opensource.zyxel.com) (collectively the "Open-Sourced Components") You may modify or replace only these Open Sourced Components; provided that you comply with the terms of this License and any applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced Components. ZyXEL is not obligated to provide any maintenance, technical or other support for the resultant modified Software. You may not copy, reverse engineer, decompile, reverse compile, translate, adapt, or disassemble the Software, or any part thereof, nor shall you attempt to create the source code from the object code for the Software. Except as and only to the extent expressly permitted in this License, by applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced Components, or by applicable law, you may not market, co-brand, private label or otherwise NBG-419N User’s Guide
285
Appendix F Legal Information permit third parties to link to the Software, or any part thereof. You may not use the Software, or any part thereof, in the operation of a service bureau or for the benefit of any other person or entity. You may not cause, assist or permit any third party to do any of the foregoing. Portions of the Software utilize or include third party software and other copyright material. Acknowledgements, licensing terms and disclaimers for such material are contained in the online electronic documentation for the Software (ftp://opensource.zyxel.com), and your use of such material is governed by their respective terms. ZyXEL has provided, as part of the Software package, access to certain third party software as a convenience. To the extent that the Software contains third party software, ZyXEL has no express or implied obligation to provide any technical or other support for such software. Please contact the appropriate software vendor or manufacturer directly for technical support and customer service related to its software and products.
5
Confidentiality You acknowledge that the Software contains proprietary trade secrets of ZyXEL and you hereby agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Software using at least as great a degree of care as you use to maintain the confidentiality of your own most confidential information. You agree to reasonably communicate the terms and conditions of this License Agreement to those persons employed by you who come into contact with the Software, and to use reasonable best efforts to ensure their compliance with such terms and conditions, including, without limitation, not knowingly permitting such persons to use any portion of the Software for the purpose of deriving the source code of the Software.
6
No Warranty THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS." TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ZyXEL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ZyXEL DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET ANY REQUIREMENTS OR NEEDS YOU MAY HAVE, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL OPERATE ERROR FREE, OR IN AN UNINTERUPTED FASHION, OR THAT ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS IN THE SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE IS COMPATIBLE WITH ANY PARTICULAR PLATFORM. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE WAIVER OR EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES SO THEY MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IF THIS EXCLUSION IS HELD TO BE UNENFORCEABLE BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, THEN ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TO A PERIOD OF THIRTY (30) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE OF THE SOFTWARE, AND NO WARRANTIES SHALL APPLY AFTER THAT PERIOD.
7
Limitation of Liability
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Appendix F Legal Information IN NO EVENT WILL ZyXEL BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM, OR FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY, EVEN IF ZyXEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ZyXEL's AGGREGATE LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE EQUAL TO THE PURCHASE PRICE, BUT SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED THE PRODUCT°ØS PRICE. BECAUSE SOME STATES/COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
8
Export Restrictions THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT IS EXPRESSLY MADE SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE EXPORT OF THE SOFTWARE OR INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH SOFTWARE WHICH MAY BE IMPOSED FROM TIME TO TIME. YOU SHALL NOT EXPORT THE SOFTWARE, DOCUMENTATION OR INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH SUCH LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS. YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY ZyXEL AGAINST ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, DAMAGES, LIABILITIES, COSTS AND EXPENSES, INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES, TO THE EXTENT SUCH CLAIMS ARISE OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS SECTION 8.
9
Audit Rights ZyXEL SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT, AT ITS OWN EXPENSE, UPON REASONABLE PRIOR NOTICE, TO PERIODICALLY INSPECT AND AUDIT YOUR RECORDS TO ENSURE YOUR COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT.
10
Termination This License Agreement is effective until it is terminated. You may terminate this License Agreement at any time by destroying or returning to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession or under your control. ZyXEL may terminate this License Agreement for any reason, including, but not limited to, if ZyXEL finds that you have violated any of the terms of this License Agreement. Upon notification of termination, you agree to destroy or return to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation and to certify in writing that all known copies, including backup copies, have been destroyed. All provisions relating to confidentiality, proprietary rights, and non-disclosure shall survive the termination of this Software License Agreement.
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Appendix F Legal Information
11
General This License Agreement shall be construed, interpreted and governed by the laws of Republic of China without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof. The exclusive forum for any disputes arising out of or relating to this License Agreement shall be an appropriate court or Commercial Arbitration Association sitting in ROC, Taiwan. This License Agreement shall constitute the entire Agreement between the parties hereto. This License Agreement, the rights granted hereunder, the Software and Documentation shall not be assigned by you without the prior written consent of ZyXEL. Any waiver or modification of this License Agreement shall only be effective if it is in writing and signed by both parties hereto. If any part of this License Agreement is found invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this License Agreement shall be interpreted so as to reasonably effect the intention of the parties.
Note: NOTE: Some components of the Vantage CNM 2.3 incorporate source code covered under the Apache License, GPL License, LGPL License, Sun License, and Castor License. To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses, please check ftp://opensource.zyxel.com to get it.
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A
ActiveX
Address Assignment
Alert
alternative subnet mask notation
AP
AP (Access Point)
AP Mode menu
status screen
,
AP+Bridge
Auto-bridge
B
Bandwidth management overview
priority
services
BitTorrent
Bridge/Repeater
bridged APs, security
BSS
C
CA
Certificate Authority
certifications
notices
viewing
Channel
Interference
channel
Configuration restore
NBG-419N User’s Guide Index
Index
content filtering
by keyword (in URL)
by web feature
Cookies
copyright
CPU usage
,
CTS (Clear to Send)
D
Daylight saving
DDNS
service providers
DHCP
,
DHCP server see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP server
DHCP table
DHCP client information DHCP status
Dimensions
disclaimer
DNS
DNS Server
DNS server
Domain Name System
duplex setting
Dynamic DNS
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
DynDNS
DynDNS see also DDNS
289
Index
E
EAP Authentication
Encryption
encryption
key
WPA compatible
ESS
ESSID
Extended Service Set
F
FCC interference statement
File Transfer Program
Firewall ICMP packets
Firmware upload
firmware version
,
Fragmentation Threshold
FTP. see also File Transfer Program
G
General wireless LAN screen
H
Hidden Node
HTTP
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
I
IANA
IBSS
IEEE 802.11g
290
IGMP
see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol version
IGMP version
Independent Basic Service Set
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Internet Group Multicast Protocol
IP Address
,
,
,
IP alias
IP Pool
J
Java
L
LAN
IP pool setup
LAN overview
LAN setup
LAN TCP/IP
Language
Link type
,
Local Area Network
Log
M
MAC
MAC address
,
cloning
MAC address filter
MAC address filtering
MAC filter
managing the device good habits
using the web configurator. See web configurator.
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Index
MBSSID
Media access control
Memory usage
mode
Multicast
IGMP
N
NAT
,
,
how it works
overview
see also Network Address Translation
NAT Traversal
Navigation Panel
navigation panel
Network Address Translation
O
Operating Channel
operating mode
P
P2P
peer-to-peer
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
Pool Size
Port forwarding
default server
local server
port speed
Power Specification
PPPoE
PPTP
Preamble Mode
product registration
NBG-419N User’s Guide
Q
Quality of Service (QoS)
R
RADIUS
Shared Secret Key
RADIUS Message Types
RADIUS Messages
registration product
related documentation
Remote management and NAT
limitations
system timeout
Reset button
Reset the device
Restore configuration
RF (Radio Frequency)
RIP
Roaming
RTS (Request To Send)
RTS Threshold
RTS/CTS Threshold
S
safety warnings
Scheduling
Security Parameters
Service and port numbers
Service Set
,
Service Set IDentification
,
Service Set IDentity. See SSID.
Session Initiated Protocol
SIP
SSID
Static DHCP
Static Route
Status
291
Index subnet
Subnet Mask
subnet mask
subnetting
Summary DHCP table
Packet statistics
Wireless station status
syntax conventions
Sys Op Mode
System General Setup
System Name
System restart
T
TCP/IP configuration
Temperature
Time setting
trigger port
Trigger port forwarding
example
process
U
Universal Plug and Play
Application
Security issues
UPnP
URL Keyword Blocking
Use Authentication
User Name
V
VoIP
VPN
292 W
WAN (Wide Area Network)
WAN advanced
WAN MAC address
warranty
note
Web Configurator how to access
Overview
web configurator
Web Proxy
WEP Encryption
WEP encryption
WEP key
Wireless association list
wireless channel
wireless LAN
wireless LAN scheduling
Wireless network basic guidelines
channel
encryption
example
MAC address filter
overview
security
SSID
Wireless security
overview
type
wireless security
wireless switch
Wireless tutorial
WPS
Wizard setup
WLAN Interference
Security Parameters
World Wide Web
WPA compatible
WPA, WPA2
WPS
WWW
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X
Xbox Live
Index NBG-419N User’s Guide
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Index
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