OmniConverter

®

OmniConverter

GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M

Managed 10/100/1000 High-Power (60W and 100W) PoE Ethernet Fiber Switch

The OmniConverter GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M are compact High-Power PoE Ethernet fiber switch that features one or two Gigabit fiber ports and four 10/100/1000 RJ-

45 copper Power Sourcing Power-over-Ethernet ports.

The GHPoE/M provides PoE, PoE+, and High-Power

60W PoE (also called 4 Pair PoE, PoE++, or UPoE) and the GHPoEBT/M provides up to 100W (IEEE 802.3bt) per

RJ-45 port. The OmniConverter PoE switches are ideal for applications using outdoor pan-tilt-zoom cameras with heaters and blowers, and multi-stream wireless access points.

The OmniConverter PoE switches are standard Layer 2

Ethernet switches that forward frames to any port based on their MAC address.

All models support Directed Switch mode, which directs multicast traffic (such as video) only to the appropriate fiber port, preventing multicast traffic from flooding other network ports.

Models with two fiber ports support redundant fiber uplinks for critical applications that require protection and sub 50ms restoration in the event of a fiber failure. The second fiber port may also be used to daisy-chain multiple Ethernet switches, or it may be used as another switch port.

Models with two fiber ports also support Dual Device mode that enables the switches to operate as two independent and isolated Ethernet switches. In Dual Device mode, the switches provide separate and independent data traffic paths between each fiber and a pair of RJ-45 ports.

The mode of operation can be configured using easily accessible DIP-switches or using Web, Telnet, SSH or Serial

Console management interfaces. The switches support inband and out-of-band management. In-band management is provided by accessing the module through any of the

Ethernet RJ-45 or fiber ports and supports IP-based web,

Telnet, SSH and SNMPv1/v2c/v3 management interfaces.

Out-of-band management is provided by accessing the serial console port. Omnitron’s NetOutlook SMNP software can be used for real-time alarm reporting and monitoring of each port.

The OmniConverter PoE switches are available with fixed fiber ST, SC, and LC connectors or Small Form Pluggable

(SFP) transceiver receptacles. Fiber ports support multimode or single-mode and dual fiber or single-fiber with distances up to 140 km. SFP models support a variety of distances in standard and CWDM wavelengths.

SFPs not included

KEY FEATURES

■ IEEE 802.3bt compliant 60W and 100W PoE

Managed Ethernet Fiber Switches

■ Supports PoE (15.4 W), PoE+ (30W), HPoE (60W) or

IEEE 802.3bt (60W/100W) per RJ-45 port

■ 1000BASE-X Gigabit fiber and 10/100/1000BASE-T

RJ-45 with Power-over-Ethernet

■ 5 Port and 6 Port switch configurations:

• 1 Fiber + 4 Copper

• 2 Fiber + 4 Copper

■ Supports jumbo frames up to 10,240 bytes

■ Management via Web, Telnet, SSH and serial interfaces

■ Supports SNMPv1/v2c/v3 protocols

■ SNMP management via Omnitron’s NetOutlook ® management software , or third-party SNMP management software

■ Email Event Notification with Simple Mail Transfer

Protocol (SMTP)

■ Heartbeat signal to verify connectivity to the PD

■ Configurable PoE Power Reset

■ Supports ST, SC and LC fiber ports or SFP transceivers

■ Fiber redundancy on models with two fiber ports

■ Dual Device mode for operating as two separate switches

■ Directed Switch mode to prevent port flooding

■ AC to DC Power Adapter or 2-Pin DC terminal

■ Wall, Rack and DIN-rail mountable

■ Commercial (0º to 50ºC), wide (-40º to 60ºC) and extended (-40º to 75ºC) operating temperature ranges

■ Free 24/7/365 Technical Support

The switches automatically negotiate and deliver the power level required by a Powered Device (PD) partner.

Depending on the model of the OmniConverter PoE switch, the switch can deliver up to 60 or 100 Watts of power per

RJ-45 port.

The switches feature a remote PoE power reset function that can be configured with a DIP-switch or via management. The PoE power reset feature allows all PDs or individual PDs to be power-cycled and reset remotely to save time and expense by eliminating the need to dispatch manpower to remote network sites.

The switches also feature a configurable heartbeat signal that will periodically ping the attached PD. On a loss of connectivity to the PD, the switches can automatically power cycle or shutdown the PD.

The OmniConverter compact fiber switches can be wall mounted, rack mounted or DIN-rail mounted using an optional mounting clip. They are available with external

100 to 240V AC power adapters or a DC terminal connector.

ADDITIONAL FEATURES

■ IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging and IEEE 802.1ad

Q-in-Q Provider Bridge VLAN stacking

■ Port Access Control for enhanced security

■ Broadcast / Multicast / Unicast Storm Prevention

■ DHCP Relay Option 82

■ RFC 4541 Internet Group Management (IGMP) snooping

■ IEEE 802.1ax Link Aggregation Group (LAG) and Link

Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)

■ IEEE 802.1ab Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)

■ Rate Limiting, Queue prioritization and Class of

Service

■ IEC 62439-2 Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP)

■ IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

■ Static MAC configuration and blocking of unknown

Unicast/Multicast addresses

■ SNTP / NTP and time of day

■ IEEE 802.1x, RADIUS, TACACS+ and Access

Control Lists

■ RFC 5424 Syslog

MANAGEMENT

The IP-based web management provides easy access to all the features of the OmniConverter using any standard web browser.

IP-based web management provides remote management of the OmniConverter compact PoE fiber switches, and provides the ability to remotely monitor status and configure hardware/software parameters.

The management software provides intuitive and easy-tonavigate menu options for system status, port statistics and configuration screens.

Configuration capabilities include PoE power, port settings,

DIP-switches, VLAN, switch modes, firmware updates and system maintenance.

OmniConverter GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M Page 2

APPLICATIONS

Daisy Chain Application

OmniConverter High-Power PoE fiber switches can be deployed in a simple point-to-point topology.

In this application example, OmniConverter PoE switches are deployed along a fiber daisy chain. Gigabit fiber is distributed from a fiber switch at a network hub location to OmniConverter PoE switches with dual fiber ports that enable a fiber daisy chain to multiple locations. Each PoE fiber switch provides fiber data connectivity and 802.3bt power for IP cameras and

Wi-Fi access points at each location.

Dual Device Mode

For secure applications requiring two separate network domains over fiber runs to the same location, the switches can be configured in Dual Device Mode.

The OmniConverter PoE switches provide separate and independent data traffic paths between each fiber and a pair of RJ-45 ports. In the example below, the green lines represent a Security network and the purple lines represent a Wi-Fi network

Directed Switch Mode

The OmniConverter PoE switches can be configured to operate in Directed Switch Mode, which directs video traffic only to the uplink fiber port, as shown in the diagram below, preventing the multicast traffic from flooding other network ports.

This example shows a video camera that broadcasts a multicast video stream to the entire network, and the video stream is received by all of the destinations. This multicast video can cause port flooding on other network devices

(including other cameras, printers and workstations). To prevents this, multicast traffic is routed only to ports where the destination devices are connected.

OmniConverter GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M Page 3

SPECIFICATIONS

Description

Standard Compliances

Environmental

PoE Modes

Management

Frame Size

Port Types

Cable Types

AC Power Requirements

(Models with AC/DC Adapters)

DC Power Requirements

(Models with DC Terminals)

Dimensions

Weight

Operating Temperature

(See Temperature Derating Table)

Humidity

Altitude

MTBF (hours)

Warranty

OmniConverter GHPoE/M

10/100/1000BASE-T to 1000BASE-X Fiber

Managed 10/100/1000 High-Power PoE Ethernet Fiber Switch

IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE 802.1ad, IEEE 802.1ab,

IEEE 802.1w, IEEE 802.1ax,

RFC 5424, RFC 4541, IEC 624339-2, SMTP, SNTP,

RADIUS, TACACS+, IEEE 802.1x

IEEE 802.3af (15.40 watts max),

IEEE 802.3at (30 watts max)

High Power 60W PoE

REACH, RoHS and WEEE

IEEE Alternate A (Alt A)

4-Pair

Web, Telnet, SSH, Serial Console, SNMP v1/v2c/v3

Up to 10,240 bytes

OmniConverter GHPoEBT/M

10/100/1000BASE-T to 1000BASE-X Fiber

Managed 10/100/1000 IEEE 802.3bt PoE Ethernet Fiber Switch

IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE 802.1ad, IEEE 802.1ab,

IEEE 802.1w, IEEE 802.1ax,

RFC 5424, RFC 4541, IEC 624339-2, SMTP, SNTP,

RADIUS, TACACS+, IEEE 802.1x

IEEE 802.3af (15.40 watts max),

IEEE 802.3at (30 watts max)

IEEE 802.3bt (60 and 100 watts max)

Copper: 10/100/1000BASE-T (RJ-45)

Fiber: 1000BASE-X (ST, SC, LC, SFP)

10/100/1000BASE-T SGMII SFP

Copper: EIA/TIA 568A/B, Cat 5 UTP and higher

Fiber: Multimode: 50/125, 62.5/125µm

Single-mode: 9/125µm

100 - 240VAC/50 - 60Hz

2.4A @ 120VAC (typical)

+/-46 to +/-57VDC;

4.5A @ 56VDC

2 Pin Terminal (isolated)

5 to 95% (non-condensing)

-100m to 4,000m (operational)

Module Only: 265,000

AC/DC Adapter: 100,000

5 year product warranty with 24/7/365 free Technical Support

2 year AC power adapter warranty

60W Models:

100 - 240VAC/50 - 60Hz

2.4A @ 120VAC (typical)

60W Models:

+/-46 to +/-57VDC;

4.5A @ 56VDC

2 Pin Terminal (isolated)

W: 6.28” x D: 5.2” x H: 1.5”

L: 159.5 mm x B: 132.1 mm x H: 38.1 mm

1.62 lbs.; 734 grams

Commercial: 0 to 50°C

Wide: -40 to 60°C (-20°C AC cold start)

Extended: -40 to 75°C - not available for models with AC/DC Adapters

Storage: -40 to 80°C

Module Only: 265,000

AC/DC Adapter: 100,000

100W Models:

100 - 240VAC/50 - 60Hz

3.9A @ 120VAC (typical)

100W Models:

+/-46 to +/-57VDC;

7.3A @ 56VDC

2 Pin Terminal (isolated)

OmniConverter GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M Page 4

SPECIFICATIONS

AC/DC Adapter Temperature Specification

Model

GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M 60W

GHPoEBT/M 100W

Watts Required

AC/DC Adapter Temperature Derating

Total Available Wattage to RJ-45 Ports

40°C

240 watts

400 watts

Full Power

240 watts

50°C

175 watts

175 watts

60°C

115 watts

115 watts

The AC/DC Adapter Temperature derating table is not applicable to models with DC Terminal (see Ordering table for Direct DC -9 option). The DC Terminal models will provide full PoE power over the operating temperature range of the module as long as the DC input voltage meets the requirements stated in the specification tables.

IEEE Specification

Description

Maximum power delivered by PSE

Input Voltage range at PSE

Output Voltage range at PSE

Power available at PD (Cat5 @ 100m)

Voltage range at PD (Cat5 @ 100m)

802.3af PoE

15.4 watts

46.0 to 57.0 VDC

44.0 to 57.0 VDC

12.95 watts

37.0 to 57.0 VDC

IEEE Specification

802.3at PoE+

30.0 watts

51.0 to 57.0 VDC

50.0 to 57.0 VDC

25.5 watts

42.5 to 57.0 VDC

802.3.bt Type 3

60 watts

51.0 to 57.0 VDC

50.0 to 57.0 VDC

51 watts

42.5 to 57.0 VDC

802.3bt Type 4

100 watts

53.0 to 57.0 VDC

52.0 to 57.0 VDC

71 watts

41.1 to 57.0 VDC

Standards and Compliances*

Safety

EMC

EMI

EMS

IP Rating

UL 60950-1

IEC 60950-1:2005+A1:2009 and

EN 60950-1:2006+A11:2009+A1:2010+A12:2011

CE Mark

EN 55032/24

CISPR 32, FCC 47 Part 15 Subpart B Class A

IEC 61000-4-2 ESD: Contact: 6 kV; Air: 8 kV

IEC 61000-4-3 RS: 80 MHz to 1 GHz: 20 V/m

IEC 61000-4-4 EFT: Power: 2 kV; Signal: 2 kV

IEC 61000-4-5 Surge: Power: 2 kV; Signal: 1 kV

IEC 61000-4-6 CS: Signal: 10 V

IEC 61000-4-8 ( Magnetic Field)

IEC 61000-4-11 (General Immunity in Industrial Environments )

IP20 Protection

* Pending

OmniConverter GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M Page 5

ORDERING INFORMATION

OmniConverter

GHPoE/M 60W HPoE

3 1 x x - x - x x - x x

<Blank>

W

Z

1

2

8

9

Commercial Operating Temperature Range Model 0 to 50°C

*

Wide Operating Temperature Range Model -40° to 60°C

*

Extended Operating Temperature Range Model -40° to 75°C

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC included, with US Power Cord

*

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC included, No Power Cord

*

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC included, with Japanese Power

Cord

*

Single 2-Pin Terminal Connector for DC Power

**

Fiber

Type

Distance

ST

Connector Type

SC LC SFP

Tx

Lambda

(nm)

Rx

Lambda

(nm)

Min. Tx

Power

(dBm)

Max. Tx

Power

(dBm)

Min. Rx

Power

(dBm)

Max. Rx

Power

(dBm)

Min

Attenuation

(dB)

Link

Budget

(dB)

MM/DF 220/550m 1

MM/DF (x2) 220/550m 1

MM/DF

SM/DF

SM/DF (x2)

SM/DF

2km

12km

12km

34km

SM/DF

SM/DF

SM/DF

MM/SF 2

MM/SF 2

80km

110km

140km

220/550m 1

220/550m 1

3100-0-14 3102-0-14 3106-0-14

3106-0-24

3102-6-14 -

3101-1-14 3103-1-14 3107-1-14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3103-2-14

3103-3-14

3103-4-14

3103-5-14

3110-0-14

3111-0-14

3107-1-24

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

850

850

1310

1310

1310

1310

1550

1550

1550

1310

1550

850

850

1310

1310

1310

1310

1550

1550

1550

1550

1310

-10

-10

-9.5

-9.5

-9.5

-5

-5

0

2

-9

-9

-4

-4

-3

-3

-3

0

0

5

5

-3

-3

-17

-17

-19.5

-19.5

-19.5

-23

-23

-24

-28

-18

-18

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-8

-3

-3

-

-

-

-

-

3

3

8

13

-

-

SM/SF

SM/SF

SM/SF

SM/SF

2

2

2

2

20km

20km

40km

40km -

-

-

3110-1-14

3111-1-14

3110-2-14

3111-2-14 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

1310

1550

1310

1550

1550

1310

1550

1310

-9.5

-9.5

-3

-3

0

0

-3

-3

-20

-20

-20

-20

-3

-3

-3

-3

3

3

-

-

SFP (x1)

SFP (x2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3119-0-14

3119-0-24

1 62.5/125µm, 100/140µm multimode fiber up to 220m. 50/125µm multimode fiber up to 550m.

2 When using single-fiber (SF) models, the Tx wavelength on one end has to match the Rx wavelength on the other.

MM = Multimode, SM = Single-mode, DF = Dual Fiber, SF = Single-fiber

* AC models ( -1, -2 and -8) are only available in commercial and wide temperature ranges. See AC/DC Adapter Temperature Derating table on page 5.

**The Direct DC input models (-9) will provide full PoE power over the operating temperature range of the module as long as the DC input voltage meets the requirements stated in the specification table. See specification table on page 4.

Contact Omnitron for other fiber options. Order the appropriate SFPs separately. Visit the Omnitron Transceivers Web Page.

See Accessories table on page 8.

10.5

10.5

17

17

10

18

18

24

7

7

10

10

30

9

9

OmniConverter GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M Page 6

ORDERING INFORMATION

OmniConverter

GHPoEBT/M IEEE 802.3bt 60W

3 1 x x B - x - x x - x x

<Blank>

W

Z

1

2

8

9

Commercial Operating Temperature Range Model 0 to 50°C

*

Wide Operating Temperature Range Model -40° to 60°C

*

Extended Operating Temperature Range Model -40° to 75°C

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC, with US Power Cord Included

*

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC, No Power Cord

*

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC, with Japanese Power Cord

Included

*

Single 2-Pin Terminal Connector for DC Power

**

Fiber

Type

Distance

ST

Connector Type

SC LC SFP

Tx

Lambda

(nm)

Rx

Lambda

(nm)

Min. Tx

Power

(dBm)

Max. Tx

Power

(dBm)

Min. Rx

Power

(dBm)

Max. Rx

Power

(dBm)

Min

Attenuation

(dB)

Link

Budget

(dB)

MM/DF 220/550m

MM/DF (x2) 220/550m 1

MM/DF

SM/DF

SM/DF (x2)

SM/DF

SM/DF

SM/DF

SM/DF

MM/SF 2

MM/SF 2

SM/SF 2

SM/SF 2

SM/SF 2

SM/SF 2

2km

12km

12km

34km

80km

110km

140km

220/550m

220/550m

20km

20km

40km

40km

1

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3100B-0-14 3102B-0-14 3106B-0-14

-

-

3102B-6-14

3106B-0-24

-

3101B-1-14 3103B-1-14 3107B-1-14

-

-

3103B-2-14

3107B-1-24

-

3103B-3-14

3103B-4-14

3103B-5-14

3110B-0-14

3111B-0-14

3110B-1-14

3111B-1-14

3110B-2-14

3111B-2-14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

850

850

1310

1310

1310

1310

1550

1550

1550

1310

1550

1310

1550

1310

1550

850

850

1310

1310

1310

1310

1550

1550

1550

1550

1310

1550

1310

1550

1310

-10

-10

-9.5

-9.5

-9.5

-5

-5

0

2

-9

-9

-9.5

-9.5

-3

-3

-4

-4

-3

-3

-3

0

0

5

5

-3

-3

-3

-3

0

0

-17

-17

-19.5

-19.5

-19.5

-23

-23

-24

-28

-18

-18

-20

-20

-20

-20

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-8

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

3

8

13

3

3

SFP (x1)

SFP (x2)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3119B-0-14

3119B-0-24

1 62.5/125µm, 100/140µm multimode fiber up to 220m. 50/125µm multimode fiber up to 550m. Refer to the fiber cable manufacturer for multimode distance specifications.

2 When using single-fiber (SF) models, the Tx wavelength on one end has to match the Rx wavelength on the other.

MM = Multimode, SM = Single-mode, DF = Dual Fiber, SF = Single-fiber

* AC models ( -1, -2 and -8) are only available in commercial and wide temperature ranges. See AC/DC Adapter Temperature Derating table on page 5.

**The Direct DC input models (-9) will provide full PoE power over the operating temperature range of the module as long as the DC input voltage meets the requirements stated in the specification table. See specification table on page 4.

Contact Omnitron for other fiber options. Order the appropriate SFPs separately. Visit the Omnitron Transceivers Web Page.

See Accessories table on page 8.

9

10.5

10.5

17

17

18

24

30

9

7

7

10

10

10

18

OmniConverter GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M Page 7

ORDERING INFORMATION

OmniConverter

GHPoEBT/M IEEE 802.3bt 100W

3 1 x x B - x - x x - x x

<Blank>

W

Z

8

9

1

2

Commercial Operating Temperature Range Model 0 to 50°C

*

Wide Operating Temperature Range Model -40° to 60°C

*

Extended Operating Temperature Range Model -40° to 75°C

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC, with US Power Cord Included

*

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC, No Power Cord

*

External AC/DC Adapter, 100 - 240 VAC, with Japanese Power Cord

Included

*

Single 2-Pin Terminal Connector for DC Power

**

Fiber

Type

Distance

ST

Connector Type

SC LC SFP

Tx

Lambda

(nm)

Rx

Lambda

(nm)

Min. Tx

Power

(dBm)

Max. Tx

Power

(dBm)

Min. Rx

Power

(dBm)

Max. Rx

Power

(dBm)

Min

Attenuation

(dB)

Link

Budget

(dB)

MM/DF 220/550m 1

MM/DF (x2) 220/550m 1

MM/DF 2km

SM/DF

SM/DF (x2)

SM/DF

SM/DF

12km

12km

34km

80km

SM/DF

SM/DF

MM/SF

MM/SF

SM/SF

SM/SF

2

2

2

2

110km

140km

220/550m 1

220/550m 1

20km

20km

3140B-0-14 3142B-0-14 3146B-0-14

-

-

3142B-6-14

3146B-0-24

-

3141B-1-14 3143B-1-14 3147B-1-14

3147B-1-24

-

3143B-2-14

3143B-3-14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3143B-4-14

3143B-5-14

3150B-0-14

3151B-0-14

3150B-1-14

3151B-1-14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

850

850

1310

1310

1310

1310

1550

1550

1550

1310

1550

1310

1550

850

850

1310

1310

1310

1310

1550

1550

1550

1550

1310

1550

1310

-10

-10

-9.5

-9.5

-9.5

-5

-5

0

2

-9

-9

-9.5

-9.5

-4

-4

-3

-3

-3

0

0

5

5

-3

-3

-3

-3

-17

-17

-19.5

-19.5

-19.5

-23

-23

-24

-28

-18

-18

-20

-20

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-3

-8

-3

-3

-3

-3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

3

8

13

-

SM/SF

SM/SF

2

2

SFP (x1)

SFP (x2)

40km

40km

-

-

-

-

-

3150B-2-14

3151B-2-14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3159B-0-14

3159B-0-24

1310

1550

1550

1310

-3

-3

0

0

-20

-20

-3

-3

3

3

17

17

1 62.5/125µm, 100/140µm multimode fiber up to 220m. 50/125µm multimode fiber up to 550m. Refer to the fiber cable manufacturer for multimode distance specifications.

2 When using single-fiber (SF) models, the Tx wavelength on one end has to match the Rx wavelength on the other.

MM = Multimode, SM = Single-mode, DF = Dual Fiber, SF = Single-fiber

* AC models ( -1, -2 and -8) are only available in commercial and wide temperature ranges. See AC/DC Adapter Temperature Derating table on page 5.

**The Direct DC input models (-9) will provide full PoE power over the operating temperature range of the module as long as the DC input voltage meets the requirements stated in the specification table. See specification table on page 4.

Contact Omnitron for other fiber options. Order the appropriate SFPs separately. Visit the Omnitron Transceivers Web Page.

9

9

24

30

10.5

10.5

10

10

18

18

7

7

10

Model Number

8251-0

8260-0

Accessories

Description

DIN-Rail Mounting Clip

19” rack mount shelf

©2019 Omnitron Systems Technology, Inc. OmniConverter is a registered trademark of Omnitron Systems Technology, Inc.

Trademarks are owned by their respective companies. Specifications subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.

091-13100-001G 12/19

800-675-8410 • 949-250-6510 • www.omnitron-systems.com • [email protected] • 38 Tesla, Irvine, CA USA 92618

OmniConverter GHPoE/M and GHPoEBT/M Page 8