Electro-Voice DL18W Data Sheet

 SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency Response:
34 Hz to 3200 Hz = 3 dB
(Figure 1)
Power Handling:
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Impedance (minimu
8 ohms
Sensitivity (1 meter, 1 watt averaged),
200—4.000 Hz:
RS-4 426A)
nat 230 Hz):
Voice-Coil Diameter:
6.35 cm (2.5 in
Magnet Weight:
2.2 Kg (4.9 1b)
Magnet Material:
Barium ferrite
Color, Frame:
FY lant ari > i
Color, Magnet Thermal Cover:
EV dark red
Dimensions:
See AES Specifications section
Net Weight:
9.3 kg (21 Ib)
Shipping Weight:
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Optional Accessories:
SVIH-1T mounting hardware kit
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DESCRIPTION
The DL18W very-low-frequency
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designed for professional high-fidelity
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\t the heart of this speaker is a care-
fully engineered drive system. lts unique
design assures linear, low-distortion
output, high power capability and
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mportantly, provides a major heat-
transfer path from the top of the drive
co , am the primary thermal
weakness on other “linear-coil” designs.
The FDD is an aluminum ring that
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encircles both the voice coil and pole
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SPL IN dB
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FIGURE 1 — Axial Frequency Response 1 Watt/1 Meter
Model DLIBW
Very-LOW-Frequency
Reproduger
dynamic shorting effect considerably
reduces distortion in the critica
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-casional!Y, vigient power peaks OT
several seconds in duration may expand
a normal driver's voice coil into contact
with the top plate, causing deteric-
ration. With the PROTEF coating,
added protection 15 provided; the
a,
coating lubricates any
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The voice coil itself is constructed of
edge-wound rectan
mounted on a rugged laminated
polyimide form. The complete assembly
is fabricated using the most advanced
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epoxies, INSUIAlIONS and Materials
avallabie.
Great care was taken in the selection of
diaphragm materials and construction to
ensure smooth, musical upper bass
eproduction and accurate low-
frequency shock capability (punck
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DIRECTIONAL PERFORMANCE
The directional characteristics of the
DLISW in the TL505 7.1-cubic-foot
vented enclosure were measured Dy
running à set af polar responses in EV 's
large anechoic chamber. The test signal
was octave-band-limited pseudo-random
pink noise centered at the 150
standard frequencies indicated in
Figure 4. The curves show horizontal
(side-to-side) dispersion when the
enclosures long axis is vertical. The
vertical (up-and-down) polar responses
deviate only slightly from the horizontal
responses due to box geometry,
Additional typical data is provided in
Figures 5 and 6 which indicate 6-dB-
down beamwidth versus frequency and
directivity factor, respectively, for a
DL18W in the TL505 enclosure.
POWER HANDLING TEST
To our knowledge, Electro-Vaice was
the first U.S. manufacturer to develop
and publish a power test closely related
to real-life conditions. First, we use a
random noise input signal because it
contains many frequencies simulta-
neously, just like real voice or
instrument program. Second, our signal
contains mare energy at extremely high
and low frequencies than typical actual
program, adding an extra measure of
reliability. Third, the test signal includes
not only the overall "long-term average’
Or ‘continuous ‘level — which our ears
interpret as loudness — but also snort-
duration peaks which are many times
higher than the average, just like actual
program. The long-term average level
stresses the speaker thermally (heat).
The instantaneous peaks test mechanical
reliability {cone and diaphragm
excursion). Note that the sine-wave
test signals sometimes used have a much
less demanding peak value relative to
their average level. In actual use, long-
term average levels ex|st from several
seconds on up, but we apply the long-
term average for eight hours, adding
another extra measure of reliability.
Specifically, the DL18W is designed to
withstand the power test described in
ElA Standard RS-425A. The ETA test
spectrum |s applied for eight hours. To
obtain the spectrum, the output of a
white noise generator [white noise is a
particular type of random noise with
equal energy per bandwidth in Hz) 15
fed to a shaping filter with 6-de-per-
octave slopes below 40 Hz and above
318 Hz. When measured with the usual
constant-percentage bandwidth analyzer
(one-third octave), this shaping filter
produces a spectrum whose 3-dB-down
points are at 100 Hz and 1200 Hz with
a 3-dB-per-octave slope above 1200 Hz.
This shaped signal 15 sent То the power
amplifier with the continuous power set
at 400 watts into the EIA equivalent
impedance {52.5 volts true RMS).
Amplifier clipping sets instantaneous
peaks at 5 dB above the continuous
power, or 1600 watts peak [105.1 volts
peak). This procedure provides a
rigorous test of both thermal and
mechanica! failure modes.
RECOMMENDED ENCLOSURES
The most extended, lowest distortion
and best controlled bass performance is
usually realized in properly designed
vented enclosures. In such designs, the
vant, or port, actually reproduces the
lowest octave or so of bass response.
The vent is driven to full acoustic out-
put by a relatively small motion of the
speaker cone itself, acting through the
alr contained within the enclosure. The
excursion of the DL18W at these
frequencies is much reduced compared
to a sealed or open-backed enclosure,
directly reducing harmonic distortion
and the possibility of speaker
"bottoming." Several specific vented
enclosure recommendations follow,
some incorporating low-frequency
equalization.
Normally Tuned Enclosures
The 13-cubic-foot TL405 enclosure,
tuned to 30Hz, has a low-freguency
3-dB-down point (f3) of 33 Hz. See
figures 1 and 2A. The 7.1-cubic-foot
TLB0S enclosure, tuned to 32 Hz, has
an fa of 42 Hz.
Details on enciosure design, construction,
and equalization may be obtained from
Electro- Voice by requesting "'T L405 ar
TL505 Builders Plan,” Form 1547-847
ar 1546-487. Please note that the tuning
frequencies recommended for the
DL18W are not shown on the above
plans. However vent dimensions are
available fram Electro-Voice on reguest.
Multiple enclosures may alse be con-
structed. For example, a dual TL505
would have twice the internal volume
Of a single TL505 with the vent area
doubled and vent length unchanged.
The vent area may be either all-in-one or
split into two or more separate vents,
as long as the total vent area remains
the same.
Step-Down Operation
For extra-low-bass use, the vent area
can be reduced by one half, thereby
tuning the enclosure to the “step-down”
mode. In step-down, the tuning
frequency is reduced by one-half octave
(a factor of 0.7). The resulting responses
are shown for both the 13- and 7.1-
cubic-foot enclosures (Figures 2A and
B, step-down — no EQ),
With appropriate electronic boost-and-
cut equalization [available fram the
XEQ-2), and the enclosurss tuned for
step-down operation, approximately
one-half octave additional bass response
can be obtained, a beneficial extension
for many sound reinforcement and play-
back applications. Below the peak-boost
frequency, equalizer response rolls off
at 12-dB-per octave, affording a high
degree of protection from below-
passband inputs which could distort
signals within the passband or even
damage the DL18W. For the TL405
in step-down, the proper equalization
is provided by a second-order under-
damped filter with a 6-dB boost
frequency of 25 Hz. The resultant
f3 is 24Hz (see Figure ZA), For the
TL505 in step-down, the peak boost
should occur at 29 Hz, resulting in an
fa of 30 Hz.
Figures 34 and B depict the impedance
curves resurting from the DL18W
installed in the 7.1-cubic-foot (T L505)
and 13-cubic-foot (T L405) enclosures,
in both normal and step-down modes.
Figure 7 shows the maximum acoustic
power output versus frequency for the
DLIBW in the TLHOS enclosure. The
maximum output is limited by either
(1) the thermal power handling capacity
of the speaker, or (2) the speaker's
maximum linear cone excursion
capabilities, whichever occurs first. Note
that some maximum acoustic Cutput Is
sacrificed in the 30 to 80 Hz range
(7dE maximum at 35 Hz) in the step-
down made, but that significantly more
output is available below about 30 Hz.
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FIGURE 2A — Bass Response in 13-ft® Enclosure
(TL405)
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FRECLEKCY IN HERTZ I
FIGURE 3A — Input Impedance vs, Frequency
13-ft* Enclosure (TL405)
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50 Hz
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200 На — — — — —
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FIGURE 4— TL505, DL18W Polar Response
4 Y AMS of Octave-Band-Limited Pink Noise in
Anechoic Environment, 10 Ft on Axis in Horizontal
Plane (5 dB per division) _
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FIGURE 6 — TL505, DL18W Directivity Factor
and Directivity Index vs, Frequency
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REVERBERENTFIELC OF
3000 17 (Sm) ACÓN,N WITH
200 SABINS ABSORPTION
IMPEDANCE IN OHMS
BEAMWIDTH IN DEGREES
DIRECTIVITY INDEX
LEVEL IN dB
(LOG SCALE)
—6 dB
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315
250
200
160
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120
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NORMAL NE
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FIGURE 2B — Bass response in 7.1-ft? Enclosure
(TL505)
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FIGURE 3B — Input Impedance vs. Frequency
7.1 ft2 Enclosure (TL505)
HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL
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FIGURES
TL505, DL18W Beamwidth vs. Frequency
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FIGURE 7
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(ROOM CONSTANT = 200)
TL505, DL18W Theoretical Low Frequency
Maximum Acoustic Output vs. Frequency
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AES SPECIFICATIONS
The following specifications are in accordance
with the "AES Draft Recommended Practice
for Specification of Loudspeaker Components
used in Professional Sound Reinforcement
System — 1983."
Dimension and Weight,
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Net Weight:
9.5 kg (211b)
Shipping Weight:
12.3 kg (27 |b)
Mounting:
The DL18W may be front- or rear-
mounted against either surface of its
mounting flange and requires a 422 mm
(16.6 in.) diameter cutout and a 4328 mm
(17.25 in.] bolt circle. Normal fasteners up to
& mm11/4 in.) will fit through the eight holes
in the frame. Front mounting is simplest using
the optional SMH-1 speaker mounting Kit.
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FRONT MOUNT REAR MOUNT
Electrical Connectors:
The DL18W is fitted with a pair of chrome-
plated frame-mounted connectors with color-
coded ends. Electrical connection is made by
pushing down, inserting wire completely
through the rectangular slot and releasing
pressure. One conductor of #9 AWG
stranded, #8 AWG solid, a pair of twisted
#15 AWG stranded or a pair of #14 AWG
solid conductors will fit. A positive electrical
signal applied to the red (+) terminal will
displace the cone away from the magnet, thus
producing a positive acoustic pressure.
Additional Descriptive Information
Voice-Coil Material:
Copper
Voice-Coil Insulation:
Polyimide, 220 degree C rating
Coil Form:
Polyimide
Magnet Frame:
Cast aluminum
Paint:
Texture epoxy, grey frame,
dark red magnet thermal cover
Magnet Plating:
Zinc
Physical Constants,
Effective Piston Diameter:
38 ст (15 тп.)
Total Moving Mass:
0.131 kg (4.6 oz)
Voice-Coil-Winding Depth:
20.3 mm (0.8 in.)
Voice-Coil-Winding Length:
26.9 m (88.4 ft)
Top Plate Thickness at Voice Coil:
10.9 mm (0.43 in.)
Zmin:
8 ohms
BL Factor:
24.5 tesla meter
9 Guion industries, Inc. 1984
Thiele-Small Parameters:
le: 25 Hz
Vas:0.54 m3 (19.2 f:3)
Re: 6.0 ohms
Sq: 0.114 m 2 (177 in.2)
Large-Signal Parameters:
Pe (Max): 400 watts
Xmax: 2-5 mm (0-22 in.)
Note: Xmax is the one-way peak excursion
which produces 10% THD of the current
waveform when driven at fs,
Response in Standard Baffle:
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NOTE: AES requires a large, planar baffle for
this test, WHICH IS INTENDED TO SHOW
SMOOTHNESS AND OFF-AXIS RESPONSE,
NOT BASS RESPONSE, This has proven to
be inconvenient and prohibitive, due to its
size. Here, we have chosen our lab standard
low-diffraction 12-cubic-foot test enclosure,
which will demonstrate the same charac-
teristics as the "AES standard baftle.”
Distortion Response:
FUNDAMENTAL
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and HARMONIC
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FIEDUENCY IN HERTZ
FUNDAMENTAL —
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Impedance Response:
(see Figures JA, 3B for box Z curves)
|
FREE AIR
FREQUENCY iN HERTZ
Power Handling {two hours):
400 watts, 50-500 Hz, pink noise,
12-dB/octave filters
500 watts, 100-1000 Hz, pink noise,
12-dB/octave filters
NOTES ON POWER TESTS: The AES
recommended two-hour free-air test is a good
one and we have assured the user that the
DL1EW will pass this test under the same
conditions. For our own use, however, we
subject our sample units to a more demanding
test; the eight-hour E1A Standard RS-426A.
This test brings out deficiencies which may
present themselves after a long term of field
use.
Due to the high power rating of the DL18W,
we have had to use a pair of (mono) Crown
M600 power amplifiers, connected in series
r "bridged,' so that peak power levels are
not clipped. This is not imagined as a normal
amplifier compliment for professional use.
Displacement Limit:
12.7 m {5 in.)
NOTE: Displacement limit is the one-way
peak excursion which, when exceeded, will
cause physical damage to the drive mechanism
Thermal Rise after Power Test:
82 degrees C [147 degrees F)
Recommended Enclosures:
See text
WARRANTY (Limited) —
Electro-Voice Loudspeakers are
guaranteed for five years from datz of
original purchase against malfunction
due to defects in workmanship and
materials. If such malfunction occurs,
unit will be repaired or replaced (at our
option) without charge for materials or
labor ¡f delivered prepaid to the proper
Electro-Voice service facility. Unit will
be returned prepaid. Warranty does not
cover finish, appearance items, burned
coils, or other malfunction due to
abuse or operation at other than
specified conditions. Repair by other
than Electro-Voice ar its authorized
service agencies will void this guarantee.
For repair information and service
locations, please write: Service Dept,
Electro-Voice, Inc., 600 Cecil Street,
Buchanan, Michigan 49107
(Phone: 616/695-6831) or
Electro- Voice West, 8234 Doe Ave,
Visalia, California 93277
(Phone: 209/651-7777).
Electro-Voice also maintains complete
facilities for non-warranty service of
EY products.
Specifications subject to change
without notice.
Part Number 530351 — 421
a Gulton eu», ELECTRO-VOICE, Inc., 600 CECIL ST, BUCHANAN, MICH. 49107
MANUFACTURING PLANTS AT B BUCHANAN, MICH, @ NEWPOET. TENN = SEVIERVILLE
TENN, B GANANOGUE, ONT. B LITHO IN LSA,