Dell Encryption security Guide
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Διαφήμιση
Dell Encryption Personal
Installation Guide v10.8
August 2020
Rev. A01
Notes, cautions, and warnings
NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your product.
CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem.
WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death.
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Contents
Contents 3
4 Contents
1
Overview
This guide assumes that Advanced Authentication is installed with Encryption Personal.
Encryption Personal
The purpose of Encryption Personal is to protect data on your computer, even if the computer is lost or stolen.
To ensure the security of your confidential data, Encryption Personal encrypts data on your Windows computer. You can always access the data when logged into the computer, but unauthorized users do not have access to this protected data. Data always remains encrypted on the drive, but because encryption is transparent, there is no need to change the way you work with applications and data.
Normally, the application decrypts data as you work with it. Occasionally, an application may try to access a file at the same moment that the application is encrypting or decrypting it. If this happens, after a second or two, a dialog is displayed that gives you the option of waiting or canceling the encryption/decryption. If you choose to wait, the application releases the file as soon as it is finished (generally within a few seconds).
Advanced Authentication
The Data Security Console is the interface that guides users through configuring their PBA credentials and self-recovery questions, based on policy set by the local administrator.
See Configure Advanced Authentication Administrator Settings
and refer to the Dell Data Security Console User Guide to learn how to use advanced authentication.
Contact Dell ProSupport
Call 877-459-7304, extension 4310039 for 24x7 phone support for your Dell product.
Additionally, online support for Dell products is available at dell.com/support . Online support includes drivers, manuals, technical advisories,
FAQs, and emerging issues.
Be sure to help us quickly connect you to the right technical expert by having your Service Tag or Express Service Code available when you call.
For phone numbers outside of the United States, see Dell ProSupport International Phone Numbers .
Overview 5
2
Requirements
These requirements detail everything needed for Encryption Personal installation.
Encryption
• Encryption Personal requires an entitlement to successfully install. The entitlement is supplied when you purchase Encryption Personal.
Depending on how you purchase Encryption Personal, you may manually install the entitlement, using the simple instructions that accompany it. You may also enter the entitlement at the command line. If Encryption Personal is installed using Dell Digital Delivery, the entitlement installation is taken care of by the Dell Digital Delivery service. (The same binaries are used for Encryption Enterprise and
Encryption Personal. The entitlement tells the installer which version to install.)
• To activate a Microsoft Live account with Encryption Personal, refer to KB article SLN290988 .
• A Windows password is required (if one does not already exist) to protect access to your encrypted data. Creating a password for your computer prevents others from logging on to your user account without your password. Encryption Personal will fail to activate if a password is not created.
• Dell Encryption cannot be upgraded to v10.7.0 from versions earlier than v8.16.0. Endpoints running versions prior to v8.16.0 must upgrade to v8.16.0 then upgrade to v10.7.0.
• Dell Encryption uses Intel's encryption instruction sets, Integrated Performance Primitives (IPP). For more information, see KB article
SLN301500 .
1. Go to the Windows Control Panel ( Start > Control Panel ).
2. Click the User Accounts icon.
3. Click Create a password for your account .
4. Enter a new password and re-enter the password.
5. Optionally enter a password hint.
6. Click Create Password .
7. Restart your computer.
• IT best practices should be followed during deployment. This includes, but is not limited to, controlled test environments for initial tests, and staggered deployments to users.
• The user account performing the installation/upgrade/uninstallation must be a local or domain administrator user, which can be temporarily assigned by a deployment tool such as Microsoft SMS. A non-administrator user that has elevated privileges is not supported.
• Back up all important data before beginning installation/uninstallation/upgrade.
• Do not make changes to the computer, including inserting or removing external (USB) drives during installation/uninstallation/ upgrade.
• To reduce initial encryption time (as well as decryption time if uninstalling), run the Windows Disk Cleanup Wizard to remove temporary files and any other unnecessary data.
• Turn off sleep mode during the initial encryption sweep to prevent an unattended computer from going to sleep. Encryption cannot occur on a sleeping computer (nor can decryption).
• The Encryption client does not support dual boot configurations since it is possible to encrypt system files of the other operating system, which would interfere with its operation.
• The master installer does not support upgrades from pre-v8.0 components. Extract the child installers from the master installer and upgrade the component individually. Should you have questions or concerns, contact Dell ProSupport.
• The Encryption client now supports Audit Mode. Audit Mode allows administrators to deploy the Encryption client as part of the corporate image, rather than using a third-party SCCM or similar solutions to deploy the Encryption client. For instructions about how to install the Encryption client in a corporate image, see KB article SLN304039 .
• The TPM is used for sealing the General Purpose Key. Therefore, if running the Encryption client, clear the TPM in the BIOS before installing a new operating system on the target computer.
• Encryption client is tested against and is compatible with several popular signature-based antiviruses and AI-driven antivirus solutions including McAfee Virus Scan Enterprise, McAfee Endpoint Security, Symantec Endpoint Protection, CylancePROTECT, CrowdStrike
Falcon, Carbon Black Defense, and several others. Hard-coded exclusions are included by default for many antivirus providers to prevent incompatibilities between antivirus scanning and encryption.
6 Requirements
If your organization uses an unlisted antivirus provider or any compatibility issues are being seen, please see KB article SLN288353 or
Security solutions.
• Operating system re-install is not supported. To re-install the operating system, perform a backup of the target computer, wipe the computer, install the operating system, then recover the encrypted data following established recovery procedures.
• Be sure to periodically check dell.com/support for the most current documentation and Technical Advisories.
• Following Windows 10 feature upgrade, a restart is required to finalize Dell Encryption. The following message displays in the notification area after Windows 10 feature upgrades:
Prerequisites
• Microsoft .Net Framework 4.5.2 (or later) is required for the master and child installers. The installer does not install the Microsoft .Net
Framework component.
NOTE: .Net Framework 4.6 (or later) is required when running FIPS mode.
• The master installer installs the following prerequisites if not already installed on the computer. When using the child installer , you must install this component before installing Encryption.
Prerequisite
○ Visual C++ 2012 Update 4 or later Redistributable Package (x86 or x64)
○ Visual C++ 2017 Update 3 or later Redistributable Package (x86 or x64)
Visual C++ 2017 requires Windows Update KB2999226 if installed on Windows 7.
○ In January 2020, SHA1 signing certificates are no longer valid and cannot be renewed. Devices running Windows 7 or Windows
Server 2008 R2 must install Microsoft KBs https://support.microsoft.com/help/4474419 and https://support.microsoft.com/ help/4490628 to validate SHA256 signing certificates on applications and installation packages.
Applications and installation packages signed with SHA1 certificates will function but an error will display on the endpoint during installation or execution of the application without these updates installed
Hardware
• The following table details the minimum supported computer hardware.
Hardware
○ Intel Pentium or AMD Processor
○ 110 MB of available disk space
○ 512MB RAM
NOTE: Additional free disk space is required to encrypt the files on the endpoint. This size varies based on policies and capacity of the drive.
• The following table details supported optional computer hardware.
Optional Embedded Hardware
○ TPM 1.2 or 2.0
Requirements 7
Operating Systems
• The following table details supported operating systems.
Windows Operating Systems (32- and 64-bit)
○ Windows 7 SP1: Enterprise, Professional, Ultimate
○ Windows Embedded Standard 7 with Application Compatibility template
○ Windows 8.1: Enterprise, Pro
○ Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Enterprise
○ Windows 10: Education, Enterprise, Pro v1703-v2004 (Creators Update/Redstone 2 - May 2020 Update/20H1)
Note: Windows 10 v2004 (May 2020 Update/20H1) does not support 32-bit architecture. For more information, see https:// docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/design/minimum/minimum-hardware-requirements-overview
▪ Windows 10 2016 LTSB
▪ Windows 10 2019 LTSC
○ VMware Workstation 12.5 and higher
UEFI mode is not supported on Windows 7, Windows Embedded Standard 7, or Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Enterprise.
Operating Systems Encryption External Media
• External media must have approximately 55MB available plus open space on the media that is equal to the largest file to be encrypted to host Encryption External Media.
• The following details supported operating systems when accessing Dell-protected media.
Windows Operating Systems Supported to Access Encrypted Media (32- and 64-bit)
○ Windows 7 SP1: Enterprise, Professional, Ultimate
○ Windows Embedded Standard 7 with Application Compatibility template
○ Windows 8.1: Enterprise, Pro
○ Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Enterprise
○ Windows 10: Education, Enterprise, Pro v1703-v2004 (Creators Update/Redstone 2 - May 2020 Update/20H1)
Note: Windows 10 v2004 (May 2020 Update/20H1) does not support 32-bit architecture. For more information, see https:// docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/design/minimum/minimum-hardware-requirements-overview
▪ Windows 10 2016 LTSB
▪ Windows 10 2019 LTSC
Mac Operating Systems Supported to Access Encrypted Media (64-bit kernels)
○ macOS High Sierra 10.13.5 - 10.13.6
○ macOS Mojave 10.14.0 - 10.14.4
○ macOS Catalina 10.15.5 - 10.15.6
Localization
• Encryption is multilingual user interface compliant and is localized in the following languages.
Language Support
○ EN - English
○ ES - Spanish
○ FR - French
○ JA - Japanese
○ KO - Korean
○ PT-BR - Portuguese, Brazilian
8 Requirements
Language Support
○ IT - Italian
○ DE - German
○ PT-PT - Portuguese, Portugal (Iberian)
SED Management
• IPv6 is not supported.
• Be prepared to shut down and restart the computer after you apply policies and are ready to begin enforcing them.
• Computers equipped with self-encrypting drives cannot be used with HCA cards. Incompatibilities exist that prevent the provisioning of the HCA. Dell does not sell computers with self-encrypting drives that support the HCA module. This unsupported configuration would be an after-market configuration.
• If the computer targeted for encryption is equipped with a self-encrypting drive, ensure that the Active Directory option, User Must
Change Password at Next Logon , is disabled. Preboot Authentication does not support this Active Directory option.
• Dell Encryption utilizes Intel's encryption instruction sets, Integrated Performance Primitives (IPP). For more information, see KB article SLN301500 .
• NOTE:
Due to the nature of RAID and SEDs, SED Management does not support RAID. The issue with
RAID=On
with SEDs is that RAID requires access to the disk to read and write RAID-related data at a high sector not available on a locked
SED from start and cannot wait to read this data until after the user is logged on. Change the SATA operation in the
BIOS from
RAID=On
to
AHCI
to resolve the issue. If the operating system does not have the AHCI controller drivers pre-installed, the operating system will crash when switched from
RAID=On
to
AHCI
.
• The master installer installs the following prerequisites if not already installed on the computer. When using the child installer , you must install this component before installing SED Management.
Prerequisite
○ Visual C++ 2017 Update 3 or later Redistributable Package (x86 or x64)
Visual C++ 2017 requires Windows Update KB2999226 if installed on Windows 7.
○ In January 2020, SHA1 signing certificates are no longer valid and cannot be renewed. Devices running Windows 7 or Windows
Server 2008 R2 must install Microsoft KBs https://support.microsoft.com/help/4474419 and https://support.microsoft.com/ help/4490628 to validate SHA256 signing certificates on applications and installation packages.
Applications and installation packages signed with SHA1 certificates will function but an error will display on the endpoint during installation or execution of the application without these updates installed
• Configuration of self-encrypting drives for SED Management differ between NVMe and non-NVMe (SATA) drives, as follows.
○ Any NVMe drive that is being leveraged for SED:
▪ The BIOS’ SATA operation must be set to RAID ON, as SED Management does not support AHCI on NVMe drives.
▪ The BIOS's boot mode must be UEFI and Legacy option ROMs must be disabled.
○ Any non-NVMe drive that is being leveraged for SED:
▪ The BIOS’ SATA operation must be set to AHCI, as SED Management does not support RAID with non-NVMe drives.
▪ RAID ON is not supported because access to read and write RAID-related data (at a sector that is not available on a locked non-NVMe drive) is not accessible at start-up, and cannot wait to read this data until after the user is logged on.
▪ The operating system will crash when switched from RAID ON > AHCI if the AHCI controller drivers are not pre-installed. For instructions on how to switch from RAID > AHCI (or vice versa), see KB article SLN306460 .
Supported OPAL compliant SEDs require updated Intel Rapid Storage Technology Drivers, located at www.dell.com/support . Dell recommends Intel Rapid Storage Technology Driver version 15.2.0.0 or later, with NVMe drives.
NOTE: The Intel Rapid Storage Technology Drivers are platform dependent. You can find your system's driver at the link above based on your computer model.
• Direct Feature Updates from Windows 10 v1607 (Anniversary Update/Redstone 1), to the Windows 10 v1903 (May 2019 Update/
19H1) are not supported with Dell Encryption. Dell recommends updating the operating system to a newer Feature Update if updating to Windows 10 v1903. Any attempts to update directly from Windows 10 v1607 to v1903 results in an error message and the update is prevented.
Requirements 9
•
•
•
•
NOTE: A password is required with Pre-boot Authentication. Dell recommends setting a minimum password of 9 or more characters.
NOTE: A password is required for all users added in the
Add User
panel. Zero-length password users will be locked out of the computer following activation.
NOTE: Computers protected by SED Management must be updated to Windows 10 v1703 (Creators Update/
Redstone 2) or later before updating to Windows 10 v1903 (May 2019 Update/19H1) or later. If this upgrade path is attempted, an error message displays.
NOTE: In-place operating system upgrades to a newer version - such as Windows 7 or Windows 8.1 - to Windows 10 is not supported.
Hardware
• For the most up-to-date list of Opal compliant SEDs supported with the SED Manager, see KB article SLN296720 .
• For the most up-to-date list of platforms supported with the SED Manager, see KB article SLN296720 .
• For a list of docking stations and adapters supported with SED Manager, see KB article SLN314695 .
International Keyboards
The following table lists international keyboards supported with Pre-boot Authentication on UEFI and non-UEFI computers.
International Keyboard Support - UEFI
DE-FR - (French Swiss) EN-GB - English (British English)
EN-CA - English (Canadian English) DE-CH - (German Swiss)
EN-US - English (American
English)
International Keyboard Support - Non-UEFI
AR - Arabic (using Latin letters)
DE-FR - (French Swiss)
DE-CH - (German Swiss)
EN-US - English (American English)
EN-GB - English (British English)
EN-CA - English (Canadian English)
Operating Systems
• The following table details the supported operating systems.
Windows Operating Systems (32- and 64-bit)
○ Windows 7 SP0-SP1: Enterprise, Professional, Ultimate (supported with Legacy Boot mode but not UEFI)
NOTE:
NVMe self-encrypting drives are not supported with Windows 7.
○ Windows 8.1: Enterprise, Pro
○ Windows 10: Education, Enterprise, Pro v1703-v2004 (Creators Update/Redstone 2 - May 2020 Update/20H1)
Note: Windows 10 v2004 (May 2020 Update/20H1) does not support 32-bit architecture. For more information, see https:// docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/design/minimum/minimum-hardware-requirements-overview
▪ Windows 10 2016 LTSB
▪ Windows 10 2019 LTSC
Authentication features are available only when Pre-boot Authentication is enabled.
10 Requirements
Localization
SED Management is a multilingual user interface compliant and is localized the following languages. UEFI mode and Pre-boot
Authentication are supported in the following languages:
Language Support
• EN - English
• FR - French
• IT - Italian
• DE - German
• ES - Spanish
• JA - Japanese
• KO - Korean
• PT-BR - Portuguese, Brazilian
• PT-PT - Portuguese, Portugal (Iberian)
Requirements 11
3
Download the Software
This section details obtaining the software from dell.com/support . If you already have the software, you can skip this section.
Go to dell.com/support to begin.
1. On the Dell Support webpage, select Browse all products .
2. Select Security from the list of products.
3. Select Dell Data Security .
After this selection has been made once, the website remembers.
12 Download the Software
4. Select the Dell product.
Examples:
Dell Encryption Enterprise
Dell Endpoint Security Suite Enterprise
5. Select Drivers & downloads .
6. Select the desired client operating system type.
7. Select Dell Encryption in the matches. This is only an example, so it will likely look slightly different. For example, there may not be four files to choose from.
8. Select Download .
Proceed to
Download the Software 13
4
Installation
You can install Encryption Personal using the master installer (recommended), or by extracting the child installers from the master installer.
Either way, Encryption Personal can be installed by user interface, command line or scripts, and using any push technology available to your organization.
Users should see the following help files for application assistance:
• See the Dell Encrypt Help to learn how to use the features of Encryption. Access the help from <Install dir>\Program Files
\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Encryption\Help .
• See the Encryption External Media Help to learn how the features of Encryption External Media. Access the help from <Install dir>\Program Files\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Encryption .
• See the Encryption Personal Help to learn how to use the features of Advanced Authentication. Access the help from <Install dir>\Program Files\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Security Tools\Help .
Import Entitlement
Installation of Encryption Personal requires a registry key on the target computer. This registry key is added through Command Line interface during installation or through the GUI prior to installation.
To add the registry key through Command Line interface, see Install Using the Command Line .
To add the registry key through the GUI:
1. Open a text editor.
2. Add the following text.
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Entitlement]
"SaEntitlement"="1:PE:{XXXXX-XXX-XXXX-XXX-XXXX-
XXXXXXXXXXXX}:xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX="
3. Save the text file with the .reg
extension.
4. Double-click the saved registry file to import the Encryption Personal entitlement.
Choose an Installation Method
There are two methods to install the client, select one of the following:
•
Install Encryption Personal Using the Master Installer - RECOMMENDED
•
Install Encryption Personal Using the Child Installers
Install Using the Master Installer - RECOMMENDED
To install Encryption Personal, the installer must find the appropriate entitlement on the computer. If the appropriate entitlement is not found, Encryption Personal cannot be installed.
• The Master Installer installs multiple clients. In the case of Encryption Personal, it installs Encryption and SED management.
• Master installer log files are located at C:\ProgramData\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Installer.
Select one method:
•
•
Interactive Installation
1. Install the entitlement on the target computer if needed. Instructions for adding the entitlement to the computer are included with the email that discusses license information.
2. Copy DDSSetup.exe to the local computer.
14 Installation
3. Double-click DDSSetup.exe to launch the installer.
4. A dialog displays that alerts you to the status of installing prerequisites. It takes a few minutes.
5. Click Next at the Welcome screen.
6. Read the license agreement, agree to the terms, and click Next .
7. Click Next to install Encryption Personal in the default location of C:\Program Files\Dell\Dell Data Protection\.
8. Authentication is installed by default and cannot be deselected. This is listed as Security Framework in the installer.
Click Next .
9. Click Install to begin the installation.
Installation 15
A status window displays. This takes several minutes.
10. Select Yes, I want to restart my computer now and click Finish .
16 Installation
11. Once the computer restarts, authenticate to Windows.
Installation of Encryption Personal + Advanced Authentication is complete.
Encryption Personal Setup Wizard and Configuration is covered separately.
Once the Encryption Personal Setup Wizard and Configuration is complete, launch the Encryption Personal Administrator Console.
Installation Using the Command Line
• Install the entitlement on the target computer if needed.
•
NOTE: Dell Encryption logs do not specify if insufficient disk storage caused installation failure.
• Switches:
For a command line installation, the switches must be specified first. The following table details the switches available for the installation.
Switch
/s
Meaning
Silent mode
/z Pass data to the InstallScript system variable CMDLINE
• Parameters:
The following table details the parameters available for the installation.
Parameters
InstallPath=path to alternate installation location.
FEATURE=PE
ENTITLEMENT=1:PE:{Encryption Personal Entitlement key here}
NOTE: This parameter can only be used with Encryption Personal
• Example Command Line Installation
Installation 17
The reboot has been suppressed in the command line examples. However, an eventual reboot is required.
Policy Based Encryption cannot begin until the computer has rebooted.
Be sure to enclose a value that contains one or more special characters, such as a blank space, in escaped quotation marks.
Command lines are case-sensitive.
• The following example installs Encryption client (silent installation, no reboot, and installed the default location of C:\Program
Files\Dell\Dell Data Protection ) passing the entitlement key directly to the installer.
DDPE_XXbit_setup.exe /s /v"ENTITLEMENT=1:PE:{XXXXX-XXX-XXXX-XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-
XXXXXXX}:xXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX= /l*v c:\Shieldinstall.log /qn /norestart"
• The following example installs Encryption Personal and Advanced Authentication (silent installation, no reboot, and installed in the default location of C:\Program Files\Dell\Dell Data Protection ).
DDSSetup.exe /s /z"\"FEATURE=PE\""
• The following example installs Encryption Personal and Advanced Authentication (silent installation, no reboot, and installed in an alternate location of C:\Program Files\Dell\My_New_Folder ).
DDSSetup.exe /s /z"\"FEATURE=PE, InstallPath=C:\Program Files\Dell\My_New_Folder\""
Once the computer is restarted, authenticate to Windows.
Installation of Encryption Personal + Advanced Authentication is complete.
Encryption Personal Setup Wizard and Configuration is covered separately.
Once the Encryption Personal Setup Wizard and Configuration is complete, launch the Encryption Personal Administrator Console.
.
Install Encryption Personal Using the Child Installers
To install Encryption Personal using the child installers, the child executable files must first be extracted from the master installer. See
Extract the Child Installers from the Master Installer . Once complete, return to this section.
Command Line Installation
• Command line switches and parameters are case-sensitive.
• Be sure to enclose a value that contains one or more special characters, such as a blank space in the command line, in escaped quotation marks.
• Use these installers to install the clients using a scripted installation, batch files, or any other push technology available to your organization.
• The reboot has been suppressed in the command line examples. However, an eventual reboot is required. Encryption cannot begin until the computer has rebooted.
• Log files: Windows creates unique child installer installation log files for the logged in user at %temp%, located at C:\Users
\<UserName>\AppData\Local\Temp.
If you decide to add separate a log file when you run the installer, ensure that the log file has a unique name, as child installer log files do not append. The standard .msi command can be used be create a log file by using /l*v C:\<any directory>\<any log file name>.log
.
• All child installers use the same basic .msi switches and display options, except where noted, for command line installations. The switches must be specified first. The /v switch is required and takes an argument. Other parameters go inside an argument that is passed to the /v switch.
Display options can be specified at the end of the argument passed to the /v switch to achieve the expected behavior. Do not use both /q and /qn in the same command line. Only use ! and - after /qb.
/s
/i
Switch
/v
Meaning
Pass variables to the .msi inside the *.exe
Silent mode
Install mode
18 Installation
Option
/q
/qb
/qb-
/qb!
/qb!-
/qn
Meaning
No Progress dialog, restarts itself after process completion
Progress dialog with
Progress dialog with
No user interface
Cancel
Cancel
Progress dialog without
Progress dialog without button, prompts for restart
button, restarts itself after process completion
Cancel
Cancel
button, prompts for restart button, restarts itself after process completion
Install Drivers
• Drivers and firmware for Dell ControlVault, fingerprint readers and smart cards are not included in the master installer or child installer executable files. The drivers and firmware must be kept up-to-date, and can be downloaded from dell.com/support and selecting your computer model. Download the appropriate drivers and firmware based on your authentication hardware.
○ Dell ControlVault
○ NEXT Biometrics Fingerprint Driver
○ Validity Fingerprint Reader 495 Driver
○ O2Micro Smart Card Driver
If installing on non-Dell hardware, download updated drivers and firmware from that vendor's website.
• Then:
Encryption Management Agent
• Users log in to the PBA using their Windows credentials.
• Locate the file C:\extracted\Encryption Management Agent .
Example Command Line Installation
Encryption Management Agent
• The following example installs the Security Framework (silent installation, no reboot, and is installed in the default location of
C:\Program Files\Dell\Dell Data Protection ).
EMAgent_XXbit_setup.exe /s /v"/norestart /qn"
Then :
Install Encryption Client
• Review
Verisign. A registry setting change is needed on the client computer to enable certificate validation.
• Locate the file at C:\extracted\Encryption.
Example Command Line Installation
• The following example installs Encryption Personal, Encrypt for Sharing, hides the overlay icons, no dialogue, no progress bar, and suppresses restart.
DDPE_XXbit_setup.exe /s /v"HIDEOVERLAYICONS=1 REBOOT=ReallySuppress /qn"
Once the computer is restarted, authenticate to Windows.
Installation of Encryption Personal is complete. Encryption Personal Setup Wizard and Configuration is covered separately.
Proceed to
Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards
.
Installation 19
5
Advanced Authentication and Encryption
Personal Setup Wizards
Log on with your Windows user name and password. You are seamlessly passed through to Windows. The interface may look different than you are accustomed to seeing.
1. You may be prompted by UAC to run the application. If so, click Yes.
2. After the initial installation reboot, the Advanced Authentication activation wizard displays. Click Next .
3.
Type and re-enter a new Encryption Administrator Password (EAP). Click Next .
Note: The Encryption Administrator Password must be a minimum of eight characters and can not exceed 127 characters.
4. Enter a backup location on a network drive or removable media to store recovery information and click Next .
20 Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards
5. Click Apply to begin Advanced Authentication activation.
After the Advanced Authentication activation wizard is finished, proceed to the next step.
6. Launch the Encryption Personal setup wizard from the Dell Encryption icon in the notification area (it may launch on its own).
This Setup Wizard helps you use encryption to protect the information on this computer. If this wizard is not completed, encryption cannot begin.
Read the Welcome screen and click Next .
Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards 21
7. Select a policy template. The policy template establishes the default policy settings for encryption.
You can easily apply a different policy template or customize the selected template in the Local Management Console once initial configuration is complete.
Click Next .
9. Create a 8-127 character Encryption Administrator Password (EAP) and confirm. The password should contain alphabetic, numeric, and special characters. This password can be the same as the EAP you set up for Advanced Authentication, but is not related to it.
Record and save this password in a safe place . Click Next .
Note: The Encryption Administrator Password must be a minimum of eight characters and can not exceed 127 characters.
22 Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards
10. Click Browse to choose a network drive or removable storage to back up your encryption keys (which are wrapped in an application named LSARecovery_[hostname].exe).
In the event of certain computer failures, these keys are used to recover your data.
In addition, future policy changes sometimes require that your encryption keys get backed up again. If the network drive or removable storage is available, backing up of your encryption keys is done in the background. However, if the location is not available (such as the original removable storage device not being inserted into the computer), policy changes do not take effect until the encryption keys are manually backed up.
NOTE: To learn how to manually back up encryption keys, click "? > Help" in the upper right corner of the Local
Management Console or click Start > Dell > Encryption Help.
Click Next .
Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards 23
11. On the Confirm Encryption Settings screen, a list of Encryption Settings display. Review the items and when satisfied with the settings, click Confirm .
Configuration of the computer begins. A status bar informs you of the progress of configuration.
12. Click Finish to complete the configuration.
24 Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards
13. A reboot is required once the computer is configured for encryption. Click Reboot Now or you can postpone the reboot 5x20 minutes each.
14. Once the computer is rebooted, open the Local Management Console from the Start menu to see the status of encryption.
Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards 25
Encryption takes place in the background. The Local Management Console can be opened or closed. Either way, encryption of files progresses. You can continue to use your computer as usual while it is encrypting.
15. When the scan is complete, the computer reboots once more.
Once all encryption sweeps and reboots are complete, you can verify compliance status by launching the Local Management Console.
The drive is labeled as "In Compliance".
26 Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards
Advanced Authentication and Encryption Personal Setup Wizards 27
6
Configure Console Settings
Default settings allow administrators and users to use advanced authentication immediately after activation, without additional configuration. Users are automatically added as advanced authentication users when they log on to the computer with their Windows passwords but, by default, multi-factor Windows authentication is not enabled.
To configure advanced authentication features, you must be an administrator on the computer.
Change the Administrator Password and Backup
Location
After advanced authentication activation, the administrator password and backup location can be changed, if necessary.
1. As an administrator, launch the Dell Data Security Console from the desktop shortcut.
2. Click the Administrator Settings tile.
3. In the Authentication dialog, enter the administrator password that was set up during activation, and click OK.
4. Click the Administrator Settings tab.
5. In the Change Administrator Password page, to change the password, enter a new password that is between 8-32 characters and includes at least one letter, one number, and one special character.
28 Configure Console Settings
6. Enter the password a second time to confirm it, then click Apply .
7. To change the location where the recovery key is stored, in the left pane, select Change Backup Location .
8. Select a new location for the backup, and click Apply .
The backup file must be saved either on a network drive or onto removable media. The backup file contains the keys that are needed to recover data on this computer. Dell ProSupport must have access to this file to help you recover data.
Recovery data is automatically backed up to the specified location. If the location is not available (for instance, if your backup USB drive is not inserted), Advanced Authentication prompts for a location to back up your data. Access to recovery data is required to begin encryption.
Configure Console Settings 29
Configure Pre-Boot Authentication
PBA is available if your computer is equipped with an SED. PBA is configured through the Encryption tab. When Dell Encryption takes ownership of the SED, PBA is enabled.
To enable SED management:
1. In the Data Security Console, click the Administrator Settings tile.
2. Ensure that the backup location is accessible from the computer.
If Backup Location not found displays and the backup location is on a USB drive, either your drive is not connected or is connected to a different slot than the one used during backup. If the message displays, and the backup location is on a network drive, the network drive is inaccessible from the computer. If it is necessary to change the backup location, from the Administrator Settings tab, select
Change Backup Location to change the location to the current slot or accessible drive. A few seconds after reassigning the location, the process of enabling encryption can proceed.
3. Click the Encryption tab and then click Encrypt .
4. At the Welcome page, click Next .
5. In the Pre-boot Policy page, change or confirm the following values, and click Next .
Attempts at non-cached user login
Attempts at cached user login
Attempts at answering recovery questions
Enable Crypto Erase Password
Enter the Crypto Erase Password
Number of times an unknown user can attempt to log in (a user that has not logged in to the computer before [no credentials have been cached]).
Number of times can a known user attempt to log in.
Number of times the user can attempt to enter the correct answer.
Remember Me
Select to enable.
A word or code of up to 100 characters used as a fail-safe security mechanism.
Entering this word or code in the user name or password field during Pre-boot authentication initiates a crypto erase, which removes the keys from secure storage. Once this process is invoked, the drive is unrecoverable. Leave this field blank if you do not want a crypto erase password available in case of emergency.
Leave this field blank if you do not want to have a crypto erase password available in case of emergency.
Enables or disables the ability for users to select Remember Me on the PBA login screen.
30 Configure Console Settings
6. In the Pre-boot Customization page, enter customized text to display on the Pre-boot Authentication (PBA) screen, and click Next.
Pre-boot Title Text
Support Information Text
Legal Notice Text
This text displays on the top of the PBA screen. If you leave this field blank, no title will be displayed. The text does not wrap, so entering more than 17 characters may result in the text being cut off.
Text to display on the PBA support information screen. Customize the message to include details about how to contact a help desk or security administrator. Not entering text in this field results in no support contact information being available to the user.
Text wrapping occurs at the word level, not the character level. If a word is more than approximately 50 characters, it does not wrap and no scroll bar is present, truncating the text.
This text displays before the user is allowed to log on to the device. For example: "By clicking
OK, you agree to abide by the acceptable computer use policy." Not entering text in this field results in no text or OK/Cancel buttons being displayed. Text wrapping occurs at the word level, not the character level. For instance, if you have a single word that is more than approximately 50 characters in length, it does not wrap and no scroll bar is present, therefore the text is truncated.
Configure Console Settings 31
7. At the Summary page, click Apply .
8. When prompted, click Shutdown .
A full shutdown is required before encryption can begin.
9. After shutdown, restart the computer.
Authentication is now managed by the Encryption Management Agent. Users must log in at the PBA screen with their Windows passwords.
Change SED Management and PBA Settings
After you first enable encryption and configure Pre-boot Policy and Customization, the following actions are available from the Encryption tab:
• Change Pre-boot Policy or Customization - Click the Encryption tab and then click Change .
• Disable SED management, for example for uninstallation - Click Decrypt .
32 Configure Console Settings
After you first enable SED management and configure Pre-boot Policy and Customization, the following actions are available from the
Pre-boot Settings tab:
• Change Pre-boot Policy or Customization - Click the Pre-boot Settings tab and select either Pre-boot Customization or Preboot Logon Policies.
Manage Users and Users' Authentication
Add User
Windows users automatically become Encryption Personal users when they either log on to Windows or enroll a credential.
The computer must be connected to the domain to add a domain user from the Data Security Console Add User tab.
1. On the left pane of the Administrator Settings tool, select Users .
2. At the upper right of the User page, click Add User to begin the enrollment process for an existing Windows user.
3. When the Select User dialog displays, select Object Types .
4. Enter a user’s object name in the text box and click Check Names .
5. Click OK when finished.
Delete User
1. On the left pane of the Administrator Settings tool, select Users .
2. To delete a user, locate the user's column and click Remove . (Scroll to the bottom of the user's column to see the Remove option.)
Remove All of a User's Enrolled Credentials
1. Click the Administrator Settings tile and authenticate with your password.
2. Click the Users tab and find the user you want to remove.
3. Click Remove . (The Remove command appears in red at the bottom of the user's settings).
After removal, the user will not be able to log on to the computer unless they re-enroll.
Configure Console Settings 33
7
Uninstall the Master Installer
• Each component must be uninstalled separately, followed by uninstallation of the master installer. The clients must be uninstalled in a specific order to prevent uninstallation failures .
• Follow the instructions in
Extract the Child Installers from the Master Installer
to obtain child installers.
• Ensure that the same version of master installer (and thereby clients) is used for uninstallation as installation.
• This chapter refers you to another chapter that contains detailed instructions of how to uninstall the child installers. This chapter explains the last step only , uninstalling the master installer.
Uninstall the clients in the following order.
1.
2.
Uninstall Encryption Management Agent .
The Driver package does not need to be uninstalled.
Proceed to
Choose an Uninstallation Method .
Choose an Uninstallation Method
There are two methods to uninstall the master installer, select one of the following:
•
Uninstall from Add/Remove Programs
•
Uninstall from the Command Line
Uninstall Interactively
1. Go to Uninstall a Program in the Windows Control Panel (in the search box on the taskbar, type Control Panel , then select Control
Panel from the results).
2. Highlight Dell Installer and left-click Change to launch the Setup Wizard.
3. Read the Welcome screen and click Next .
4. Follow the prompts to uninstall and click Finish .
5. Restart your computer and log in to Windows.
The master installer is uninstalled.
Uninstall from the Command Line
• The following example silently uninstalls the master installer.
"DDSSetup.exe" /s /x
Reboot the computer when finished.
The master installer is uninstalled.
Proceed to
Uninstall Using the Child Installers .
34 Uninstall the Master Installer
8
Uninstall Using the Child Installers
•
Dell recommends using the Data Security Uninstaller to remove Encryption Personal.
• The user performing decryption and uninstallation must be a local or domain administrator. If uninstalling by command line, domain administrator credentials are required.
• If you installed Encryption Personal with the master installer, the child executable files must first be extracted from the master installer before uninstallation, as shown in
Extract the Child Installers from the Master Installer
.
• Ensure that the same version of clients is used for uninstallation as installation.
• Plan to decrypt overnight, if possible.
• Turn off sleep mode to prevent an unattended computer from going to sleep. Decryption cannot occur on a sleeping computer.
• Shut down all processes and applications to minimize failures because of locked files.
Uninstall Encryption
• Before beginning the uninstall process , see
(Optional) Create an Encryption Removal Agent Log File . This log file is useful for
troubleshooting an uninstall/decryption operation. If you do not intend to decrypt files during the uninstall process, you do not need to create an Encryption Removal Agent log file.
NOTE: Before uninstalling, ensure all policy templates are set to Disabled and insert any encrypted external media for graceful decryption.
This video details changing policy templates in the Local Management Console.
•
for instructions.
•
Periodically Check Encryption Removal Agent Status
. Data decryption is still in process if the Encryption Removal Agent service still exists in the services panel.
•
Choose an Uninstallation Method
There are two methods to uninstall the Encryption client, select one of the following:
•
•
Uninstall from the Command Line
Uninstall Interactively
1. Go to Uninstall a Program in the Windows Control Panel (in the search box on the taskbar, type Control Panel , and then select
Control Panel from the results).
2. Highlight Dell Encryption XX-bit and left-click Change to launch the Encryption Personal Setup Wizard.
3. Read the Welcome screen and click Next .
4. At the Encryption Removal Agent Installation screen, select either:
NOTE: The second option is enabled by default. If you wish to decrypt files, be sure you change the selection to option one.
• Encryption Removal Agent - Import Keys from a File
For SDE, User, or Common encryption, this option decrypts files and uninstalls the Encryption client.
This is the recommended selection
.
• Do not install Encryption Removal Agent
This option uninstalls the Encryption client but does not decrypt files . This option should be used only for troubleshooting purposes, as directed by Dell ProSupport.
Click Next .
Uninstall Using the Child Installers 35
5. In Backup File , enter the path to the network drive or removable media location of the backup file or click ...
to browse to the location.
The format of the file is LSARecovery_[hostname].exe.
Enter your Encryption Administrator Password. This is the password from Setup Wizard when the software was installed.
Click Next .
6. At Dell Decryption Agent Service Logon As select Local System Account and click Finish .
7. Click Remove at the Remove the Program screen.
8. Click Finish at the Configuration Complete screen.
9. Restart your computer and log on to Windows.
Decryption is now in progress.
The decryption process could take several hours, depending on the number of drives being decrypted and the amount of data on those
drives. To check the decryption process, see Check Encryption Removal Agent Status
.
Uninstall from the Command Line
• Command line switches and parameters are case-sensitive.
• Be sure to enclose a value that contains one or more special characters, such as a blank space in the command line, in escaped quotation marks. Command line parameters are case-sensitive.
• Use these installers to uninstall the clients using a scripted installation, batch files, or any other push technology available to your organization.
• Log files
Windows creates unique child installer uninstallation log files for the logged in user at %temp%, located at C:\Users\<UserName>
\AppData\Local\Temp.
If you decide to add separate a log file when you run the installer, ensure that the log file has a unique name, as child installer log files do not append. The standard .msi command can be used be create a log file by using /l C:\<any directory>\<any log file name>.log
. Dell does not recommend using "/l*v" (verbose logging) in a command line uninstallation, as the username/password is recorded in the log file.
• All child installers use the same basic .msi switches and display options, except where noted, for command line uninstallations. The switches must be specified first. The /v switch is required and takes an argument. Other parameters go inside an argument that is passed to the /v switch.
Display options can be specified at the end of the argument passed to the /v switch to achieve the expected behavior. Do not use both /q and /qn in the same command line. Only use ! and - after /qb.
/s
/x
Switch
/v
Meaning
Pass variables to the .msi inside the setup.exe
Silent mode
Uninstall mode
Option
/q
/qb
/qb-
Meaning
No Progress dialog, restarts itself after process completion
Progress dialog with Cancel button, prompts for restart
Progress dialog with Cancel button, restarts itself after process completion
/qb!
/qb!-
Progress dialog without
Progress dialog without
Cancel
Cancel
button, prompts for restart button, restarts itself after process completion
/qn No user interface
• Once extracted from the master installer, the Encryption client installer can be located at C:\extracted\Encryption
\DDPE_XXbit_setup.exe
.
• The following table details the parameters available for the uninstallation.
36 Uninstall Using the Child Installers
Parameter
CMG_DECRYPT
CMGSILENTMODE
Selection
Property for selecting the type of Encryption Removal Agent installation:
2 - Get keys using a forensic key bundle
0 - Do not install Encryption Removal Agent
Property for silent uninstallation:
1 - Silent - required when running with msiexec variables containing /q or /qn
0 - Not Silent - only possible when msiexec variables containing /q are not present in the command line syntax
DA_KM_PW The password for the domain administrator account.
DA_KM_PATH Path to the key material bundle.
• The following example uninstalls the Encryption client without installing Encryption Removal Agent.
DDPE_XXbit_setup.exe /s /x /v"CMG_DECRYPT=0 CMGSILENTMODE=1 DA_KM_PATH=C:\FullPathToLSA.exe
DA_KM_PW=password /qn /l C:\ddpe_uninstall.txt"
• The following example uninstalls the Encryption client using a forensic key bundle. Copy the forensic key bundle to the local disk and then run this command.
DDPE_XXbit_setup.exe /s /x /v"CMG_DECRYPT=2 CMGSILENTMODE=1
DA_KM_PATH=C:\FullPathToForensicKeyBundle DA_KM_PW=password /qn /l C:\ddpe_uninstall.txt"
Reboot the computer when finished.
The decryption process could take several hours, depending on the number of drives being decrypted and the amount of data on those drives. To check the decryption process, see
Check Encryption Removal Agent Status .
Uninstall Encryption Management Agent
Choose an Uninstallation Method
There are two methods to uninstall the Encryption Management Agent, select one of the following:
•
•
Uninstall from the Command Line
Uninstall Interactively
1. Go to Uninstall a Program in the Windows Control Panel (in the search box on the taskbar, type Control Panel , and then select
Control Panel from the results).
2. Highlight Dell Encryption Management Agent and left-click Change to launch the Setup Wizard.
3. Read the Welcome screen and click Next .
4. Follow the prompts to uninstall and click Finish .
5. Restart your computer and log on to Windows.
Client Security Framework is uninstalled.
Uninstall from the Command Line
• Once extracted from the master installer, the Encryption Management Agent installer can be located at C:\extracted
\Encryption Management Agent\EMAgent_XXbit_setup.exe
.
• The following example silently uninstalls SED management.
EMAgent_XXbit_setup.exe /x /s /v" /qn"
Shut down and restart the computer when finished.
Uninstall Using the Child Installers 37
9
Data Security Uninstaller
Uninstall Encryption Personal
Dell provides the Data Security Uninstaller as a master uninstaller. This utility gathers the currently installed products and removes them in the appropriate order.
This Data Security Uninstaller is available in: C:\Program Files (x86)\Dell\Dell Data Protection
For more information or to use command line interface (CLI), see KB article SLN307791 .
Logs are generated in C:\ProgramData\Dell\Dell Data Protection\ for all of the components that are removed.
To run the utility, open the containing folder, right-click DataSecurityUninstaller.exe
, and select Run as administrator .
Click Next .
38 Data Security Uninstaller
Optionally clear any application from removal and click Next .
Required dependencies are automatically selected or cleared.
Data Security Uninstaller 39
To remove applications without installing the Encryption Removal Agent, choose Do not install Encryption Removal Agent and select
Next .
40 Data Security Uninstaller
Select Encryption Removal Agent - Import Keys from a File then select Next .
Browse to the location of the recovery keys and then enter the Passphrase for the file and click Next .
Select Remove to begin the uninstall.
Data Security Uninstaller 41
Click Finish to complete removal and reboot the computer. Reboot machine after clicking finished is selected by default.
Uninstallation and removal is complete.
42 Data Security Uninstaller
10
Policies and Template Descriptions
Tooltips display when you hover your mouse over a policy in the Local Management Console.
Policies
Policy Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
Fixed Storage Policies
SDE
Encryption
Enabled
True False This policy is the "master policy" for all other System
Data Encryption (SDE) policies. If this policy is False, no SDE encryption takes place, regardless of other policy values.
A True value means that all data not encrypted by other
Policy-Based Encryption policies are encrypted per the SDE Encryption Rules policy.
Changing the value of this policy requires a reboot.
AES-256, AES-128 SDE
Encryption
Algorithm
AES256
SDE
Encryption
Rules
Encryption rules to be used to encrypt/not encrypt certain drives, directories, and folders.
Contact Dell ProSupport for guidance if you are unsure about changing the default values.
General Settings Policies
Encryption
Enabled
True False This policy is the "master policy" for all General
Settings policies. A False value means that no
Policies and Template Descriptions 43
Policy
Common
Encrypted
Folders
Common
Encryption
Algorithm
Application
Data
Encryption
List
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description encryption takes place, regardless of other policy values.
A True value means that all encryption policies are enabled.
Changing the value of this policy triggers a new sweep to encrypt/decrypt files.
AES256 winword.exe
excel.exe
powerpnt.exe
msaccess.exe
winproj.exe
String - maximum of 100 entries of 500 characters each (up to a maximum of
2048 characters)
A list of folders on endpoint drives to be encrypted or excluded from encryption, which can then be accessed by all managed users who have access to the endpoint.
The available drive letters are:
#: Refers to all drives f#: Refers to all fixed drives r#: Refers to all removable drives
Important: Overriding directory protection can result in an unbootable computer and/or require reformatting drives.
If the same folder is specified in both this policy and the
User Encrypted Folders policy, this policy prevails.
AES-256, Rijndael 256, AES
128, Rijndael 128
System paging files are encrypted using AES-128.
String - maximum of 100 entries of 500 characters each
Dell recommends not adding explorer.exe or iexplorer.exe
to the ADE list, as
44 Policies and Template Descriptions
Policy
Application
Data
Encryption
Key
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description outlook.exe
acrobat.exe
visio.exe
mspub.exe
notepad.exe
wordpad.exe
winzip.exe
winrar.exe
onenote.exe
onenotem.exe
Common unexpected or unintended results may occur. However, explorer.exe is the process used to create a new
Notepad file on the desktop using the right-click menu.
Setting encryption by file extension, instead of the
ADE list, provides more comprehensive coverage.
List process names of applications (without paths) whose new files you want encrypted, separated by carriage returns. Do not use wildcards.
Dell recommends not listing applications/installers that write system-critical files.
Doing so could result in encryption of important system files, which could make a computer unbootable.
Common process names: outlook.exe, winword.exe, powerpnt.exe, msaccess.exe, wordpad.exe, mspaint.exe, excel.exe
The following hard-coded system and installer process names are ignored if specified in this policy: hotfix.exe, update.exe, setup.exe, msiexec.exe, wuauclt.exe, wmiprvse.exe, migrate.exe, unregmp2.exe, ikernel.exe, wssetup.exe, svchost.exe
Common or User
Choose a key to indicate who can access files encrypted by Application
Data Encryption List, and where.
Common for these files to be accessible to all managed users on the endpoint where
Policies and Template Descriptions 45
Policy
Encrypt
Outlook
Personal
Folders
True
Encrypt
Temporary
Files
True
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description they were created (the same level of access as Common
Encrypted Folders), and encrypted with the Common encryption algorithm.
User for these files to be accessible only to the user who created them, only on the endpoint where they were created (the same level of access as User Encrypted
Folders), and encrypted with the User encryption algorithm.
Changes to this policy do not affect files already encrypted because of this policy.
False True encrypts Outlook
Personal Folders.
False
Encrypt
Temporary
Internet
Files
True False
True encrypts the paths listed in the environment variables TEMP and TMP with the User data encryption key.
True encrypts the path listed in the environment variable
CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE with the User data encryption key.
To reduce encryption sweep time, the client clears the contents of
CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE for initial encryption, as well as updates to this policy.
This policy is applicable when using Microsoft Internet
Explorer only.
Encrypt
User
Profile
Document s
True False True encrypts:
• The users profile
( C:\Users\jsmith ) with the User data encryption key
• \Users\Public with the
Common encryption key
46 Policies and Template Descriptions
Policy Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
Encrypt
Windows
Paging File
True False True encrypts the Windows paging file. A change to this policy requires a reboot.
Managed
Services
Secure
Post-
Encryption
Cleanup
Three
Pass
Overwri te
Single Pass Overwrite
String - maximum of 100 entries of 500 characters each (up to a maximum of
2048 characters)
When a service is managed by this policy, the service is started only after the user is logged in and the client is unlocked. This policy also ensures that the service managed by this policy is stopped before the client is locked during logoff. This policy can also prevent a user logoff if a service is unresponsive.
Syntax is one service name per line. Spaces in the service name are supported.
Wildcards are not supported.
Managed services are not started if an unmanaged user logs on.
No
Overwri te
No Overwrite, Single-pass
Overwrite, Three-pass
Overwrite, Seven-pass
Overwrite
Once folders specified via other policies in this category have been encrypted, this policy determines what happens to the unencrypted residue of the original files:
• No Overwrite deletes it.
This value yields the fastest encryption processing.
• Single-pass Overwrite overwrites it with random data.
• Three-pass Overwrite overwrites it with a standard pattern of 1s and 0s, then with its complement, and then with random data.
Policies and Template Descriptions 47
Policy Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
• Seven-pass Overwrite overwrites it with a standard pattern of 1s and 0s, then with its complement, and then with random data five times. This value makes it most difficult to recover the original files from memory, and yields the most secure encryption processing.
Secure
Windows
Hibernatio n File
True False True False
Prevent
Unsecured
Hibernatio n
Workstatio n Scan
Priority
User
Encrypted
Folders
True
High Norm
False True False
When enabled, the hibernation file is encrypted only when the computer enters hibernation. The client disengages protection when the computer comes out of hibernation, providing protection without impacting users or applications while the computer is in use.
When enabled, the client does not allow computer hibernation if the client is unable to encrypt the hibernation data.
Highest, High, Normal, Low,
Lowest
Specifies the relative
Windows priority of encrypted folder scanning.
String - maximum of 100 entries of 500 characters each (up to a maximum of
2048 characters)
A list of folders on the endpoint hard drive to be encrypted with the User data encryption key or excluded from encryption.
This policy applies to all drives classified by Windows as Hard Disk Drives. You cannot use this policy to encrypt drives or removable media whose type displays as
Removable Disk, use EMS
48 Policies and Template Descriptions
Policy
User
Encryption
Algorithm
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
AES256
Encrypt External Media instead.
AES 256, Rijndael 256, AES
128, Rijndael 128
Encryption algorithm used to encrypt data at the individual user level. You can specify different values for different users of the same endpoint.
User Data
Encryption
Key
User Common User Common User Common or User
Choose a key to indicate who can access files encrypted by the following policies, and where:
• User Encrypted Folders
• Encrypt Outlook Personal folders
• Encrypt Temporary Files
(\Documents and Settings
\username\Local Settings
\Temp only)
• Encrypt Temporary
Internet Files
• Encrypt User Profile
Documents
Select:
• Common for User
Encrypted Files/Folders to be accessible by all managed users on the endpoint where they were created (the same level of access as Common
Encrypted Folders), and encrypted with the Common encryption algorithm.
• User for these files to be accessible only to the user who created them, only on the endpoint where they were created (the same level of access as User Encrypted
Folders), and encrypted with the User encryption algorithm.
Policies and Template Descriptions 49
Policy Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
If you elect to incorporate an encryption policy to encrypt entire disk partitions, it is recommended to use the default SDE encryption policy, rather than Common or User. This ensures that any operating system files that are encrypted are accessible during states when the managed user is not logged in.
Hardware Crypto Accelerator (supported only with v8.3 through v8.9.1 Encryption clients)
Hardware
Crypto
Accelerato r (HCA)
False
Volumes
Targeted for
Encryption
All Fixed Volumes
This policy is the “master policy” for all other Hardware
Crypto Accelerator (HCA) policies. If this policy is False, no HCA encryption takes place, regardless of other policy values.
HCA policies can only be used on computers equipped with a Hardware Crypto
Accelerator.
All Fixed Volumes or System
Volume Only
Specify which volume(s) to target for encryption.
Forensic
Meta Data
Available on HCA
Encrypted
Drive
False True or False
When True, forensics meta data is included on the drive to facilitate forensics. Meta data included:
• Machine ID (MCID) of the current machine
• Device ID (DCID/SCID) of the current Encryption client installation
When False, forensics meta data is not included on the drive.
Switching from False to True re-sweeps, based on the policies to add forensics.
50 Policies and Template Descriptions
Policy Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
Allow User
Approval of
Secondary
Drive
Encryption
False True allows users to decide if additional drives are encrypted.
Encryption
Algorithm
AES256 AES-256 or AES-128
Port Control Policies
Port
Control
System
Disabled Enable or Disable all Port
Control System policies. If this policy is set to Disable, no Port Control System policies are applied, regardless of other Port
Control System policies values.
PCS policies require a reboot before the policy takes effect.
NOTE: Blocking device operations results in device names displaying blank.
Port:
Express
Card Slot
Port: eSATA
Enabled
Enabled
Port:
PCMCIA
Port:
Firewire
(1394)
Port: SD
Subclass
Storage:
External
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Blocked Read Only Full Access Read
Only
Enable, Disable, or Bypass ports exposed through the
Express Card Slot.
Enable, Disable, or Bypass port access to external SATA ports.
Enable, Disable, or Bypass port access to PCMCIA ports.
Enable, Disable, or Bypass port access to external
Firewire (1394) ports.
Enable, Disable, or Bypass port access to SD card ports.
Full
Access
CHILD of Class: Storage.
Class: Storage must be set to Enabled to use this policy.
Policies and Template Descriptions 51
Policy
Drive
Control
Port:
Memory
Transfer
Device
(MTD)
Class:
Storage
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
Enabled
This policy has interactions with PCS. See
.
Full Access: External Drive port does not have read/ write data restrictions applied
Read Only: Allows read capability. Write data is disabled
Blocked: Port is blocked from read/write capability
This policy is endpoint-based and cannot be overridden by user policy.
Enable, Disable, or Bypass access to Memory Transfer
Device (MTD) ports.
Enabled
Subclass
Storage:
Optical
Drive
Control
Read
Only
UDF Only Full Access UDF
Only
PARENT to the next 3 policies. Set this policy to
Enabled to use the next 3
Subclass Storage polices.
Setting this policy to
Disabled disables all 3
Subclass Storage policies no matter what their value.
Full
Access
CHILD of Class: Storage.
Class: Storage must be set to Enabled to use this policy.
Full Access: Optical Drive port does not have read/ write data restrictions applied
UDF Only: Blocks all data writes that are not in the
UDF format (CD/DVD burning, ISO burning). Read data is enabled.
Read Only: Allows read capability. Write data is disabled
Blocked: Port is blocked from read/write capability
52 Policies and Template Descriptions
Policy
Subclass
Storage:
Floppy
Drive
Control
Class:
Windows
Portable
Device
(WPD)
Subclass
Windows
Portable
Device
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
This policy is endpoint-based and cannot be overridden by user policy.
Universal Disk Format (UDF) is an implementation of the specification known as
ISO/IEC 13346 and
ECMA-167 and is an open vendor-neutral file system for computer data storage for a broad range of media.
This policy has interactions with PCS. See
.
Blocked Read Only Full Access Read
Only
Full
Access
CHILD of Class: Storage.
Class: Storage must be set to Enabled to use this policy.
Full Access: Floppy Drive port does not have read/ write data restrictions applied
Read Only: Allows read capability. Write data is disabled
Blocked: Port is blocked from read/write capability
This policy is endpoint-based and cannot be overridden by user policy.
Enabled
Enabled
PARENT to the next policy.
Set this policy to Enabled to use the Subclass Windows
Portable Device (WPD):
Storage policy. Setting this policy to Disabled disables the Subclass Windows
Portable Device (WPD):
Storage policy - no matter what its value.
Control access to all
Windows Portable Devices.
CHILD of Class: Windows
Portable Device (WPD)
Policies and Template Descriptions 53
Policy
(WPD):
Storage
Class:
Human
Interface
Device
(HID)
Class:
Other
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
Enabled
Class: Windows Portable
Device (WPD) must be set to Enabled to use this policy.
Full Access: Port does not have read/write data restrictions applied.
Read Only: Allows read capability. Write data is disabled.
Blocked: Port is blocked from read/write capability.
Control access to all Human
Interface Devices
(keyboards, mice).
Note: USB port-level blocking and HID class-level blocking is only honored if the computer chassis type can be identified as a laptop/ notebook form-factor. The computer's BIOS is relied on for the identification of the chassis.
Enabled Control access to all devices not covered by other
Classes.
Removable Storage Policies
EMS
Encrypt
External
Media
True False True False
EMS
Exclude
False True
This policy is the "master policy" for all Removable
Storage policies. A False value means that no encryption of removable storage takes place, regardless of other policy values.
A True value means that all
Removable Storage encryption policies are enabled.
This policy has interactions with PCS. See
.
False encrypts CD/DVD devices.
54 Policies and Template Descriptions
Policy
CD/DVD
Encryption
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
This policy has interactions with PCS. See
.
EMS
Access to unShielded
Media
Block Read only Full Access Read only
Full
Access
Block, Read Only, Full Access
This policy has interactions with PCS. See
.
When this policy is set to
Block Access, you have no access to removable storage unless it is encrypted.
Choosing either Read-Only or Full Access allows you to decide what removable storage to encrypt.
If you choose not to encrypt removable storage and this policy is set to Full Access, you have full read/write access to removable storage.
If you choose not to encrypt removable storage and this policy is set to Read-Only, you cannot read or delete existing files on the unencrypted removable storage, but the client does not allow any files to be edited on, or added to, the removable storage unless it is encrypted.
AES-256, Rijndael 256,
AES-128, Rijndael 128
EMS
Encryption
Algorithm
AES256
EMS Scan
External
Media
True False True allows removable media to be scanned every time it is inserted. When this policy is
False and the EMS Encrypt
External Media policy is True, only new and changed files are encrypted.
A scan occurs at every insertion so that any files added to the removable media without authenticating
Policies and Template Descriptions 55
Policy
EMS
Access
Encrypted
Data on unShielded
Device
True
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description can be caught. Files can be added to the media if authentication is declined, but encrypted data cannot be accessed. The files added are not encrypted in this case, so the next time the media is authenticated (to work with encrypted data), any files that may have been added are scanned and encrypted.
True allows the user to access encrypted data on removable storage whether the endpoint is encrypted or not.
EMS
Device
Whitelist
This policy allows the specification of removable media devices to exclude from encryption. Any removable media devices not on this list are protected.
Maximum of 150 devices with a maximum of 500 characters per PNPDeviceID.
Maximum of 2048 total characters allowed.
To find the PNPDeviceID for removable storage:
1. Insert the removable storage device into a
Encrypted computer.
2. Open the
EMSService.log in
C:\Programdata\Dell
\Dell Data Protection
\Encryption\EMS.
3. Find "PNPDeviceID="
For example: 14.03.18
18:50:06.834 [I] [Volume
"F:\"] PnPDeviceID =
USBSTOR
\DISK&VEN_SEAGATE
&PROD_USB&REV_040
9\2HC015KJ&0
Specify the following in the
EMS Device Whitelist policy:
56 Policies and Template Descriptions
Policy
EMS Alpha
Characters
Required in
Password
True
EMS
Mixed
Case
Required in
Password
True
EMS
Number of
Characters
. Required in
Password
8
EMS
Numeric
Characters
Required in
Password
True
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
VEN=Vendor (Ex: USBSTOR
\DISK&VEN_SEAGATE)
PROD=Product/Model
Name (Ex: &PROD_USB); also excludes from EMS
Encryption all of Seagate’s
USB drives; a VEN value (Ex:
USBSTOR
\DISK&VEN_SEAGATE) must precede this value
REV=Firmware Revision (Ex:
&REV_0409); also excludes the specific model being used; VEN and PROD values must precede this value
Serial number (Ex:
\2HC015KJ&0); excludes only this device; VEN, PROD, and REV values must precede this value
Allowed Delimiters: Tabs,
Commas, Semi colons, Hex character 0x1E (Record separator character)
True requires one or more letters in the password.
False
False
6 8
True requires at least one uppercase and one lowercase letter in the password.
1-40 characters
Minimum number of characters required in the password.
True requires one or more numeric characters in the password.
Policies and Template Descriptions 57
Policy
EMS
Password
Attempts
Allowed
2
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
3 4 3 1-10
Number of times the user can attempt to enter the correct password.
EMS
Special
Characters
Required in
Password
True
EMS
Cooldown
Time Delay
30
False True True requires one or more special characters in the password.
EMS
Cooldown
Time
Increment
EMS
Encryption
Rules
30 20 10 30 10
0-5000 seconds
Number of seconds the user must wait between the first and second rounds of access code entry attempts.
0-5000 seconds
Incremental time to add to the previous cooldown time after each unsuccessful round of access code entry attempts.
Encryption rules to encrypt/not encrypt certain drives, directories, and folders.
A total of 2048 characters are allowed. Space and Enter characters used to add lines between rows count as characters used. Any rules exceeding the 2048 limit are ignored.
Storage devices which incorporate multi-interface connections, such as
Firewire, USB, eSATA, etc.
may require the use of both
Encryption External Media and encryption rules to encrypt the device. This is necessary due to differences in how the Windows operating system handles storage devices based on
58 Policies and Template Descriptions
Policy Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
EMS Block
Access to
UnShielda ble Media
True False Block access to any removable media that is less than 55 MB and thus has insufficient storage capacity to host Encryption External
Media (such as a 1.44MB
floppy disk).
All access is blocked if EMS and this policy are both True.
If EMS Encrypt External
Media is True, but this policy is False, data can be read from the unencryptable media, but write access to the media is blocked.
If EMS Encrypt External
Media is False, then this policy has no effect and access to unencryptable media is not impacted.
User Experience Control Policies
Force
Reboot on
Update
True False
Length of
Each
Reboot
Delay
Number of
Reboot
Delays
Allowed
Suppress
File
Contention
Notificatio n
False
Display
Local
Encryption
5
1
False
10
True
20
5
15
3
False
Setting the value to True causes the computer to immediately reboot to allow processing of encryption or updates related to devicebased policy, such as System
Data Encryption (SDE).
The number of minutes to delay when the user chooses to delay reboot for devicebased policy.
The number of times the user is allowed to delay reboot for device-based policy.
This policy controls whether users see notification popups if an application attempts to access a file while the client is processing it.
Setting the value to True allows the user to see a menu option in the
Policies and Template Descriptions 59
Policy
Processing
Control
Allow
Encryption
Processing
Only When
Screen is
Locked
Aggres sive
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Extern al
Drives
PCI
Regula tion
Data
Breach
Regula tion
HIPAA
Regula tion
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives and
Ext
Drives
(Defau lt)
Basic
Protec tion for All
Fixed
Drives
Basic
Protec tion for
Syste m
Drive
Only
Basic
Protec tion for
Extern al
Drives
Encryp tion
Disable d
Description
False User-Optional False notification area icon that allows them to pause/ resume encryption/ decryption (depending on what Encryption is currently doing).
Allowing a user to pause encryption could allow the user to prevent the
Encryption client from fully encrypting or decrypting data per policy.
True, False, User-Optional
When True, there is no encryption or decryption of data while the user is actively working. The client only processes data when the screen is locked.
User-Optional adds an option to the notification area icon allowing the user to turn this feature on or off.
When False, encryption processing occurs any time, even while the user is working.
Enabling this option significantly extends the amount of time it takes to complete encryption or decryption.
Template Descriptions
Aggressive Protection for All Fixed Drives and External
Drives
This policy template is designed for organizations with a primary goal of enforcing strong security and risk avoidance across the entire enterprise. It is best used when security is significantly more important than usability and the need for less secure policy exceptions for specific users, groups or devices is minimal.
This policy template:
• is a highly restricted configuration, providing greater protection.
• provides protection of the System Drive and all Fixed Drives.
• encrypts all data on removable media devices, and prevents the use of non-encrypted removable media devices.
60 Policies and Template Descriptions
• provides read-only optical drive control.
PCI Regulation Targeted
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a multi-faceted security standard that includes requirements for security management, policies, procedures, network architecture, software design, and other critical protective measures. This comprehensive standard is intended to set the guidelines for organizations to proactively protect customer account data.
This policy template:
• provides protection of the System Drive and all Fixed Drives.
• prompts users to encrypt removable media devices.
• provides the ability to write only UDF CD/DVDs. Port control configuration allows read access to all optical drives.
Data Breach Regulation Targeted
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires adequate controls for financial information. Because much of this information resides in electronic format, encryption is a key control point when this data is stored or transferred. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley (GLB) Act (also known as the
Financial Services Modernization Act) guidelines do not require encryption. However, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
(FFIEC) recommends that, "Financial institutions should employ encryption to mitigate the risk of disclosure or alteration of sensitive information in storage and transit." California Senate Bill 1386 (California's Database Security Breach Notification Act) aims to protect
California residents from identity theft by requiring organizations that have had computer security breaches to notify all affected individuals. The only way an organization can avoid notifying customers is to be able to prove all personal information was encrypted prior to a security breach.
This policy template:
• provides protection of the System Drive and all Fixed Drives.
• prompts users to encrypt removable media devices.
• provides the ability to write only UDF CD/DVDs. Port control configuration allows read access to all optical drives.
HIPAA Regulation Targeted
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates that healthcare organizations implement a number of technical safeguards to protect the confidentiality and integrity of all individually identifiable health information.
This policy template:
• provides protection of the System Drive and all Fixed Drives.
• prompts users to encrypt removable media devices.
• provides the ability to write only UDF CD/DVDs. Port control configuration allows read access to all optical drives.
Basic Protection for All Fixed Drives and External Drives
(Default)
This policy template provides the recommended configuration, which provides a high level of protection without significantly impacting system usability.
This policy template:
• provides protection of the System Drive and all Fixed Drives.
• prompts users to encrypt removable media devices.
• provides the ability to write only UDF CD/DVDs. Port control configuration allows read access to all optical drives.
Basic Protection for All Fixed Drives
This policy template:
• provides protection of the System Drive and all Fixed Drives.
• provides the ability to write CD/DVDs in any supported format. Port control configuration allows read access to all optical drives.
This policy template does not:
Policies and Template Descriptions 61
• provide encryption for removable media devices.
Basic Protection for System Drive Only
This policy template:
• provides protection of the System Drive, typically the C: drive, where the operating system is loaded.
• provides the ability to write CD/DVDs in any supported format. Port control configuration allows read access to all optical drives.
This policy template does not:
• provide encryption for removable media devices.
Basic Protection for External Drives
This policy template:
• provides protection of removable media devices.
• provides the ability to write only UDF CD/DVDs. Port control configuration allows read access to all optical drives.
This policy template does not:
• provide protection for the System Drive (typically the C: drive, where the operating system is loaded) or other Fixed Drives.
Encryption Disabled
This policy template does not provide encryption protection. Take additional measures to safeguard devices from loss and theft when using this template.
This template is useful for organizations that prefer to start with no active encryption to transition into security. As the organization becomes comfortable with their deployment, encryption can be enabled slowly by adjusting individual policies or by applying stronger templates for portions of or for the entire organization.
62 Policies and Template Descriptions
11
Extract Child Installers
• To install each client individually, extract the child executable files from the installer.
• If the master installer has been used to install, the clients must be uninstalled individually. Use this process to extract the clients from the master installer so that they can be used for uninstallation.
1. From the Dell installation media, copy the DDSSetup.exe
file to the local computer.
2. Open a command prompt in the same location as the DDSSetup.exe
file and enter:
DDSSetup.exe /z"\"EXTRACT_INSTALLERS=C:\extracted\""
The extraction path cannot exceed 63 characters.
Before you begin installation, ensure that all prerequisites have been met and all required software has been installed for each child
installer that you plan to install. Refer to Requirements for details.
The extracted child installers are located at C:\extracted\.
Proceed to
Extract Child Installers 63
12
Troubleshooting
Upgrading to the Windows 10 April 2018 Update
Computers running Encryption must use a specially configured Windows 10 Upgrade package to upgrade to the Windows 10 October 2018
Update. The configured version of the upgrade package ensures that Encryption can manage access to your encrypted files to protect them from harm during the upgrade process.
To upgrade to the Windows 10 April 2018 Update, follow the instructions in KB article SLN298382 .
Dell Encryption Troubleshooting
(Optional) Create an Encryption Removal Agent Log File
• Before beginning the uninstall process, you can optionally create an Encryption Removal Agent log file. This log file is useful for troubleshooting an uninstall/decryption operation. If you do not intend to decrypt files during the uninstall process, you do not need to create this log file.
• The Encryption Removal Agent log file is not created until after the Encryption Removal Agent service runs, which does not happen until the computer is restarted. Once the client is successfully uninstalled and the computer is fully decrypted, the log file is permanently deleted.
• The log file path is C:\ProgramData\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Encryption.
• Create the following registry entry on the computer targeted for decryption.
[HKLM\Software\Credant\DecryptionAgent]
"LogVerbosity"=DWORD:2
0: no logging
1: logs errors that prevent the service from running
2: logs errors that prevent complete data decryption (recommended level)
3: logs information about all decrypting volumes and files
5: logs debugging information
Find TSS Version
• TSS is a component that interfaces with the TPM. To find the TSS version, go to (default location) C:\Program Files\Dell
\Dell Data Protection\Drivers\TSS\bin > tcsd_win32.exe
. Right-click the file and select Properties . Verify the file version on the Details tab.
Encryption External Media and PCS Interactions
To Ensure Media is Not Read-Only and the Port is Not Blocked
The EMS Access to unShielded Media policy interacts with the Port Control System - Class: Storage > Subclass Storage: External Drive
Control policy. If you intend to set the EMS Access to unShielded Media policy to Full Access , ensure that the Subclass Storage: External
Drive Control policy is also set to Full Access to ensure that the media is not set to read-only and the port is not blocked.
To Encrypt Data Written to CD/DVD
• Set Windows Media Encryption = On.
• Set EMS Exclude CD/DVD Encryption = not selected.
• Set Subclass Storage: Optical Drive Control = UDF Only.
64 Troubleshooting
Use WSScan
• WSScan allows you to ensure that all data is decrypted when uninstalling Encryption as well as view encryption status and identify unencrypted files that should be encrypted.
• Administrator privileges are required to run this utility.
NOTE: WSScan must be run in System Mode with the PsExec tool if a target file is owned by the system account.
Run WSScan
1. From the Dell installation media, copy WSScan.exe to the Windows computer to scan.
2. Launch a command line at the location above and enter wsscan.exe
at the command prompt. WSScan launches.
3. Click Advanced .
4. Select the type of drive to scan: All Drives, Fixed Drives , Removable Drives , or CDROMs/ DVDROM s.
5. Select the Encryption Report Type: Encrypted FIles , Unencrypted FIles , All FIles , or Unencrypted FIles in Violation :
• Encrypted FIles - To ensure that all data is decrypted when uninstalling Encryption. Follow your existing process for decrypting data, such as issuing a decryption policy update. After decrypting data, but before performing a restart in preparation for uninstall, run WSScan to ensure that all data is decrypted.
• Unencrypted FIles - To identify files that are not encrypted, with an indication of whether the files should be encrypted (Y/N).
• All FIles - To list all encrypted and unencrypted files, with an indication of whether the files should be encrypted (Y/N).
• Unencrypted FIles in Violation - To identify files that are not encrypted that should be encrypted.
6. Click Search .
OR
1. Click Advanced to toggle the view to Simple to scan a particular folder.
2. Go to Scan Settings and enter the folder path in the Search Path field. If this field is used, the selection in the menu is ignored.
3. If you do not want to write WSScan output to a file, clear the Output to File check box.
4. Change the default path and file name in Path , if desired.
5. Select Add to Existing File if you do not want to overwrite any existing WSScan output files.
6. Choose the output format:
• Select Report Format for a report style list of scanned output. This is the default format.
Troubleshooting 65
• Select Value Delimited File for output that can be imported into a spreadsheet application. The default delimiter is "|", although it can be changed to up to 9 alphanumeric, space, or keyboard punctuation characters.
• Select the Quoted Values option to enclose each value in double quotation marks.
• Select Fixed Width File for non-delimited output containing a continuous line of fixed-length information about each encrypted file.
7. Click Search .
Click Stop Searching to stop your search. Click Clear to clear displayed messages.
WSScan Output
WSScan information about encrypted files contains the following information.
Example Output:
[2015-07-28 07:52:33] SysData.7vdlxrsb._SDENCR_: "c:\temp\Dell - test.log" is still AES256 encrypted
Output
Date/time stamp
Meaning
The date and time the file was scanned.
66 Troubleshooting
Output
Encryption type
KCID
UCID
File
Algorithm
Meaning
The type of encryption used to encrypt the file.
SysData: SDE key.
User: User encryption key.
Common: Common encryption key.
WSScan does not report files encrypted using Encrypt for Sharing.
The Key Computer ID.
As shown in the example above, " 7vdlxrsb "
If you are scanning a mapped network drive, the scanning report does not return a KCID.
The User ID.
As shown in the example above, " _SDENCR_ "
The UCID is shared by all the users of that computer.
The path of the encrypted file.
As shown in the example above, " c:\temp\Dell - test.log
"
The encryption algorithm being used to encrypt the file.
As shown in the example above, " is still AES256 encrypted "
RIJNDAEL 128
RIJNDAEL 256
AES-128
AES-256
3DES
Check Encryption Removal Agent Status
The Encryption Removal Agent displays its status in the description area of the services panel (Start > Run > services.msc > OK) as follows. Periodically refresh the service (highlight the service > right-click > Refresh) to update its status.
• Waiting for SDE Deactivation - Encryption is still installed, is still configured, or both. Decryption does not start until Encryption is uninstalled.
• Initial sweep - The service is making an initial sweep, calculating the number of encrypted files and bytes. The initial sweep occurs one time.
• Decryption sweep - The service is decrypting files and possibly requesting to decrypt locked files.
• Decrypt on Reboot (partial) - The decryption sweep is complete and some locked files (but not all) are to be decrypted on the next restart.
• Decrypt on Reboot - The decryption sweep is complete and all locked files are to be decrypted on the next restart.
• All files could not be decrypted - The decryption sweep is complete, but all files could not be decrypted. This status means one of the following occurred:
○ The locked files could not be scheduled for decryption because they were too big, or an error occurred while making the request to unlock them.
○ An input/output error occurred while decrypting files.
○ The files could not be decrypted by policy.
○ The files are marked as should be encrypted.
○ An error occurred during the decryption sweep.
○ In all cases, a log file is created (if logging is configured) when LogVerbosity=2 (or higher) is set. To troubleshoot, set the log verbosity to 2 and restart the Encryption Removal Agent service to force another decryption sweep.
• Complete - The decryption sweep is complete. The service, the executable, the driver, and the driver executable are all scheduled for deletion on the next restart.
Troubleshooting 67
How to Encrypt an iPod with Encryption External Media
These rules disable or enable encryption for these folders and file types for all removable devices - not just an iPod. Use care when defining rules.
• Dell does not recommend the use of the iPod Shuffle, as unexpected results may occur.
• As iPods change, this information could also change, so caution is advised when allowing the use of iPods on Encryption External
Media-enabled computers.
• Because folder names on iPods are dependent on the model of the iPod, Dell recommends creating an exclusion policy which covers all folder names, across all iPod models.
• To ensure encrypting an iPod via Encryption External Media does not make the device unusable, enter the following rules in the
Encryption External Media Encryption Rules policy:
-R#:\Calendars
-R#:\Contacts
-R#:\iPod_Control
-R#:\Notes
-R#:\Photos
• You can also force encryption of specific file types in the directories above. Adding the following rules will ensure that ppt, pptx, doc, docx, xls, and xlsx files are encrypted in the directories excluded from encryption via the previous rules:
^R#:\Calendars;ppt.doc.xls.pptx.docx.xlsx
^R#:\Contacts;ppt.doc.xls.pptx.docx.xlsx
^R#:\iPod_Control;ppt.doc.xls.pptx.docx.xlsx
^R#:\Notes;ppt.doc.xls.pptx.docx.xlsx
^R#:\Photos;ppt.doc.xls.pptx.docx.xlsx
• Replacing these five rules with the following rule will force encryption of ppt, pptx, doc, docx, xls, and xlsx files in any directory on the iPod, including Calendars, Contacts, iPod_Control, Notes, and Photos:
^R#:\;ppt.doc.xls.pptx.docx.xlsx
• Rules have been tested against these iPods: iPod Video 30gb fifth generation iPod Nano 2gb second generation iPod Mini 4gb second generation
68 Troubleshooting
Dell ControlVault Drivers
Update Dell ControlVault Drivers and Firmware
• Dell ControlVault drivers and firmware that are installed on Dell computers at the factory are outdated and should be updated by following this procedure, in this order.
• If an error message is received during client installation prompting you to exit the installer to update Dell ControlVault drivers, the message may be safely dismissed to continue with the installation of the client. The Dell ControlVault drivers (and firmware) can be updated after the client installation is complete.
Download Latest Drivers
1. Go to support.dell.com
.
2. Select your computer model.
3. Select Drivers & Downloads .
Troubleshooting 69
4. Select the Operating System of the target computer.
5. Select the Security category.
70 Troubleshooting
6. Download and save the Dell ControlVault Drivers.
7. Download and save the Dell ControlVault Firmware.
8. Copy the drivers and firmware to the target computers, if needed.
Install Dell ControlVault Driver
1. Navigate to the folder which you downloaded the driver installation file.
Troubleshooting 71
2. Double-click the Dell ControlVault driver to launch the self-extracting executable file.
NOTE:
Be sure to install the driver first. The file name of the driver
at the time of this document creation
is
ControlVault_Setup_2MYJC_A37_ZPE.exe.
3. Click Continue to begin.
4. Click Ok to unzip the driver files in the default location of C:\Dell\Drivers\<New Folder> .
5. Click Yes to allow the creation of a new folder.
72 Troubleshooting
6. Click Ok when the successfully unzipped message displays.
7. The folder which contains the files should display after extraction. If not, navigate to the folder to which you extracted the files. In this case, the folder is JW22F .
8. Double-click CVHCI64.MSI
to launch the driver installer. [this example is CVHCI64.MSI
in this example (CVHCI for a 32-bit computer)].
9. Click Next at the Welcome screen.
Troubleshooting 73
10. Click Next to install the drivers in the default location of C:\Program Files\Broadcom Corporation\Broadcom USH
Host Components\.
11. Select the Complete option and click Next .
74 Troubleshooting
12. Click Install to begin the installation of the drivers.
13. Optionally check the box to display the installer log file. Click Finish to exit the wizard.
Troubleshooting 75
Verify Driver Installation
• The Device Manager will have a Dell ControlVault device (and other devices) depending on the operating system and hardware configuration.
Install Dell ControlVault Firmware
1. Navigate to the folder which you downloaded the firmware installation file.
2. Double-click the Dell ControlVault firmware to launch the self-extracting executable file.
3. Click Continue to begin.
76 Troubleshooting
4. Click Ok to unzip the driver files in the default location of C:\Dell\Drivers\<New Folder> .
5. Click Yes to allow the creation of a new folder.
6. Click Ok when the successfully unzipped message displays.
7. The folder which contains the files should display after extraction. If not, navigate to the folder to which you extracted the files. Select the firmware folder.
Troubleshooting 77
8. Double-click ushupgrade.exe
to launch the firmware installer.
9. Click Start to begin the firmware upgrade.
78 Troubleshooting
NOTE:
You may be asked to enter the administrator password if upgrading from an older version of firmware. Enter
Broadcom as the password and click Enter if presented with this dialog.
Several status messages display.
Troubleshooting 79
80 Troubleshooting
10. Click Restart to complete the firmware upgrade.
The update of the Dell ControlVault drivers and firmware is complete.
Registry Settings
This section details all Dell ProSupport approved registry settings for local client computers.
Troubleshooting 81
Encryption
(Optional) Create an Encryption Removal Agent Log File
• Before beginning the uninstall process, you can optionally create an Encryption Removal Agent log file. This log file is useful for troubleshooting an uninstall/decryption operation. If you do not intend to decrypt files during the uninstall process, you do not need to create this log file.
• The Encryption Removal Agent log file is not created until after the Encryption Removal Agent service runs, which does not happen until the computer is restarted. Once the client is successfully uninstalled and the computer is fully decrypted, the log file is permanently deleted.
• The log file path is C:\ProgramData\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Encryption.
• Create the following registry entry on the computer targeted for decryption.
[HKLM\Software\Credant\DecryptionAgent]
"LogVerbosity"=DWORD:2
0: no logging
1: logs errors that prevent the service from running
2: logs errors that prevent complete data decryption (recommended level)
3: logs information about all decrypting volumes and files
5: logs debugging information
Use Smart Cards with Windows Log On
• To determine if a smart card is present and active, ensure the following value is set:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Dell\Dell Data Protection\
"SmartcardEnabled"=DWORD:1
If SmartcardEnabled is missing or has a value of zero, the Credential Provider will display only Password for authentication.
If SmartcardEnabled has a non-zero value, the Credential Provider will display options for Password and smart card authentication.
• The following registry value indicates whether Winlogon should generate a notification for logon events from smart cards.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Notify
"SmartCardLogonNotify"=DWORD:1
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
Preserve Temp Files During Installation
• By default, all temporary files in the c:\windows\temp directory are automatically deleted during installation. Deletion of temporary files speeds initial encryption and occurs before the initial encryption sweep.
However, if your organization uses a third-party application that requires the file structure within the \temp directory to be preserved, you should prevent this deletion.
To disable temporary file deletion, create or modify the registry setting as follows:
[HKLM\SOFTWARE\CREDANT\CMGShield]
"DeleteTempFiles"=REG_DWORD:0
Not deleting temporary files increases initial encryption time.
Change the Default Behavior of the User Prompt to Begin or Delay Encryption
• The Encryption client displays the length of each policy update delay prompt for five minutes each time. If the user does not respond to the prompt, the next delay begins. The final delay prompt includes a countdown and progress bar, and it displays until the user responds, or the final delay expires and the required logoff/reboot occurs.
You can change the behavior of the user prompt to begin or delay encryption, to prevent encryption processing following no user response to the prompt. To do this, set the registry the following registry value:
[HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\CMGShield]
"SnoozeBeforeSweep"=DWORD:1
Any non-zero value changes the default behavior to snooze. With no user interaction, encryption processing is delayed up to the number of configurable allowed delays. Encryption processing begins when the final delay expires.
82 Troubleshooting
Calculate the maximum possible delay as follows (a maximum delay would involve the user never responding to a delay prompt, each of which displays for 5 minutes):
(NUMBER OF POLICY UPDATE DELAYS ALLOWED × LENGTH OF EACH POLICY UPDATE DELAY) + (5 MINUTES × [NUMBER OF
POLICY UPDATE DELAYS ALLOWED - 1])
Change the Default Use of SDUser Key
• System Data Encryption (SDE) is enforced based on the policy value for SDE Encryption Rules. Additional directories are protected by default when the SDE Encryption Enabled policy is Selected. For more information, search "SDE Encryption Rules" in AdminHelp.
When Encryption is processing a policy update that includes an active SDE policy, the current user profile directory is encrypted by default with the SDUser key (a User key) rather than the SDE key (a Device key). The SDUser key is also used to encrypt files or folders that are copied (not moved) into a user directory that is not a encrypted with SDE.
To disable the SDUser key and use the SDE key to encrypt these user directories, create the following registry entry on the computer:
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Credant\CMGShield]
"EnableSDUserKeyUsage"=DWORD:00000000
If this registry key is not present or is set to anything other than 0, the SDUser key is used to encrypt these user directories.
Disable/Enable Encrypt for Sharing in Right-click Context Menu
• To disable or enable the Encrypt for Sharing option in the right-click menu use the following registry key.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Encryption
"DisplaySharing"=DWORD
0 = disable the Encrypt for Sharing option in the right-click context menu
1 = enable the Encrypt for Sharing option in the right-click context menu
Disable/Enable the notification for Encryption Personal activation
• HKCU\Software\Dell\Dell Data Protection\Encryption
"HidePasswordPrompt"=DWORD
1 = disables the password prompt for Encryption Personal activation
0 = enables the password prompt for Encryption Personal activation
Advanced Authentication
Disable Smart Card and Biometric Services (Optional)
If you do not want Advanced Authentication to change the services associated with smart cards and biometric devices to a startup type of "automatic", you can disable the service startup feature.
When disabled, Authentication does not attempt to start these three services:
• SCardSvr - Manages access to smart cards read by the computer. If this service is stopped, this computer is unable to read smart cards. If this service is disabled, any services that explicitly depend on it fail to start.
• SCPolicySvc - Allows the system to be configured to lock the user desktop upon smart card removal.
• WbioSrvc - The Windows biometric service gives client applications the ability to capture, compare, manipulate, and store biometric data without gaining direct access to any biometric hardware or samples. The service is hosted in a privileged SVCHOST process.
Disabling this feature also suppresses warnings associated with the required services not running.
• By default, if the registry key does not exist or the value is set to 0, this feature is enabled.
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\DELL\Dell Data Protection]
SmartCardServiceCheck=REG_DWORD:0
Set to 0 to Enable.
Set to 1 to Disable
Use Smart Cards with Windows Log On
• To determine if the PBA is activated, ensure that the following value is set:
[HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\DellMgmtAgent\Parameters]
"PBAIsActivated"=DWORD (32-bit):1
A value of 1 means that the PBA is activated. A value of 0 means the PBA is not activated.
Troubleshooting 83
NOTE: Manually deleting this key can create unintended results for users syncing with the PBA resulting in the need for manual recovery.
• To determine if a smart card is present and active, ensure the following value is set:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Dell\Dell Data Protection\
"SmartcardEnabled"=DWORD:1
If SmartcardEnabled is missing or has a value of zero, the Credential Provider will display only Password for authentication.
If SmartcardEnabled has a non-zero value, the Credential Provider will display options for Password and smart card authentication.
• The following registry value indicates whether Winlogon should generate a notification for logon events from smart cards.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Notify
"SmartCardLogonNotify"=DWORD:1
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
Proceed to
.
• To prevent SED management from disabling third-party credential providers, create the following registry key:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Dell\Dell Data Protection\
"AllowOtherCredProviders" = DWORD:1
0=Disabled (default)
1=Enabled
• The Encryption Management Agent no longer outputs policies by default. To output future consumed policies, create the following registry key:
HKLM\Software\Dell\Dell Data Protection\
DWORD: DumpPolicies
Value=1
Note: a reboot is required for this change to take effect.
• To suppress all Toaster notifications from the Encryption Management Agent, the following registry value must be set on the client computer.
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Dell\Dell Data Protection]
"PbaToastersAllowClose" =DWORD:1
0=Enabled (default)
1=Disabled
84 Troubleshooting
13
Glossary
Advanced Authentication - The Advanced Authentication product provides smart card reader options. Advanced Authentication helps manage these multiple authentication methods, supports login with self-encrypting drives, SSO, and manages user credentials and passwords.
Encryption Administrator Password (EAP) - The EAP is an administrative password that is unique to each computer. Most configuration changes made in the local Management Console require this password. This password is also the same password that is required to use your LSARecovery_[hostname].exe file to recover data. Record and save this password in a safe place.
Encryption Client - The Encryption client is the on-device component that enforces security policies, whether an endpoint is connected to the network, disconnected from the network, lost, or stolen. Creating a trusted computing environment for endpoints, the Encryption client operates as a layer on top of the device operating system, and provides consistently-enforced authentication, encryption, and authorization to maximize the protection of sensitive information.
Encryption keys - In most cases, Encryption uses the User encryption key plus two additional encryption keys. However, there are exceptions: All SDE policies and the Secure Windows Credentials policy use the SDE key. The Encrypt Windows Paging File policy and
Secure Windows Hibernation File policy use their own key, the General Purpose Key (GPK). The Common encryption key makes files accessible to all managed users on the device where they were created. The User encryption key makes files accessible only to the user who created them, only on the device where they were created. The User Roaming encryption key makes files accessible only to the user who created them, on any encrypted Windows or Mac device.
Encryption sweep - The process of scanning folders to be encrypted to ensure the contained files are in the proper encryption state.
Ordinary file creation and rename operations do not trigger an encryption sweep. It is important to understand when an encryption sweep may happen and what may affect the resulting sweep times, as follows: - An encryption sweep occurs upon initial receipt of a policy that has encryption enabled. This can occur immediately after activation if your policy has encryption enabled. - If the Scan Workstation on
Logon policy is enabled, folders specified for encryption are swept on each user logon. - A sweep can be re-triggered under certain subsequent policy changes. Any policy change related to the definition of the encryption folders, encryption algorithms, encryption key usage (common verses user), triggers a sweep. In addition, toggling between encryption enabled and disabled triggers an encryption sweep.
Pre-boot Authentication (PBA) - Pre-boot Authentication serves as an extension of the BIOS or boot firmware and guarantees a secure, tamper-proof environment external to the operating system as a trusted authentication layer. The PBA prevents anything being read from the hard disk, such as the operating system, until the user has confirmed they have the correct credentials.
Single Sign-On (SSO) - SSO simplifies the logon process when multi-factor authentication is enabled at both preboot and Windows logon.
If enabled, authentication is required at preboot only, and users are automatically logged on to Windows. If not enabled, authentication may be required multiple times.
System Data Encryption (SDE) - SDE is designed to encrypt the operating system and program files. To accomplish this purpose, SDE must be able to open its key while the operating system is booting. Its intent is to prevent alteration or offline attacks on the operating system by an attacker. SDE is not intended for user data. Common and User key encryption are intended for sensitive user data because they require a user password to unlock encryption keys. SDE policies do not encrypt the files needed by the operating system to start the boot process. SDE policies do not require preboot authentication or interfere with the Master Boot Record in any way. When the computer boots up, the encrypted files are available before any user logs in (to enable patch management, SMS, backup and recovery tools). Disabling SDE triggers automatic decryption of all SDE encrypted files and directories for the relevant users, regardless of other
SDE policy values, such as SDE Encryption Rules.
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) - TPM is a security chip with three major functions: secure storage, measurement, and attestation. The
Encryption client uses TPM for its secure storage function. The TPM can also provide encrypted containers for the software vault.
Glossary 85
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