Cisco 870 MHz GainMaker Amplifiers Guide

Cisco 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line
Extender
Installation and Operation Guide
For Your Safety
Explanation of Warning and Caution Icons
Avoid personal injury and product damage! Do not proceed beyond any symbol
until you fully understand the indicated conditions.
The following warning and caution icons alert you to important information about
the safe operation of this product:
You may find this symbol in the document that accompanies this product.
This symbol indicates important operating or maintenance instructions.
You may find this symbol affixed to the product. This symbol indicates a live
terminal where a dangerous voltage may be present; the tip of the flash points
to the terminal device.
You may find this symbol affixed to the product. This symbol indicates a
protective ground terminal.
You may find this symbol affixed to the product. This symbol indicates a
chassis terminal (normally used for equipotential bonding).
You may find this symbol affixed to the product. This symbol warns of a
potentially hot surface.
You may find this symbol affixed to the product and in this document. This
symbol indicates an infrared laser that transmits intensity-modulated light
and emits invisible laser radiation or an LED that transmits
intensity-modulated light.
Important
Please read this entire guide. If this guide provides installation or operation
instructions, give particular attention to all safety statements included in this guide.
Notices
Trademark Acknowledgments
 Cisco, the Cisco logo, Cisco Systems, the Cisco Systems logo, and GainMaker are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in
the U.S. and certain other countries.
 All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
owners.
Publication Disclaimer
Cisco Systems, Inc., assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions that may
appear in this publication. We reserve the right to change this publication at any
time without notice. This document is not to be construed as conferring by
implication, estoppel, or otherwise any license or right under any copyright or
patent, whether or not the use of any information in this document employs an
invention claimed in any existing or later issued patent.
Copyright
© 2016 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Information in this publication is subject to change without notice. No part of this
publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by photocopy, microfilm,
xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval
system, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express permission of
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Contents
Important Safety Instructions
Introduction
vii
1
Description ................................................................................................................................ 3
Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 3
Power Supply .............................................................................................................. 4
Input and Output Ports .............................................................................................. 4
Configuration .............................................................................................................. 4
Test Points .................................................................................................................... 4
AC Shunt Power Directors ........................................................................................ 6
Ordering Information ................................................................................................. 6
Illustrations ............................................................................................................................... 7
Line Extender Test Points .......................................................................................... 7
Line Extender Accessories ......................................................................................... 8
Block Diagrams ........................................................................................................................ 9
Installation and Configuration
11
Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 12
Required Tools .......................................................................................................... 12
Torque Specifications ............................................................................................... 12
Module Cover ............................................................................................................ 13
Module and Housing Compatibility ...................................................................... 13
Housing Dimensions ................................................................................................ 13
Opening the Line Extender Housing .................................................................................. 15
To Open the Line Extender Housing ..................................................................... 15
Upgrading Existing Housing Seizures................................................................................ 16
To Install the New Housing Seizures..................................................................... 16
Upgrading an Existing Housing Lid ................................................................................... 18
To Install the New Housing Lid ............................................................................. 18
Installing the Power Supply ................................................................................................. 20
To Install the Power Supply Module ..................................................................... 20
To Set the AC Undervoltage Lockout Selector ..................................................... 22
Attaching the Coaxial Connectors ....................................................................................... 24
To Trim the Center Conductor................................................................................ 24
To Connect the Coaxial Cable Pin Connector to the Line Extender
Housing ................................................................................................................... 24
Installing the Housing ........................................................................................................... 25
To Install the Housing on a Strand (Aerial) .......................................................... 25
iii
Contents
To Install the Housing in a Pedestal....................................................................... 26
Installing Accessories ............................................................................................................ 28
To Install Attenuator Pads ....................................................................................... 28
To Install Equalizers ................................................................................................. 29
To Install the Crowbar Surge Protector ................................................................. 30
Installing the Line Extender Module .................................................................................. 33
To Install the Line Extender Module...................................................................... 33
Removing the Line Extender Module from the Housing................................................. 36
To Remove the Line Extender Module .................................................................. 36
Removing and Installing AC Shunt Power Directors ....................................................... 38
To Remove and Install AC Shunt Power Directors.............................................. 38
Closing the Line Extender Housing .................................................................................... 40
To Close the Line Extender Housing ..................................................................... 40
Torquing Sequence ................................................................................................... 40
Balancing and Setup
41
Preparing for Forward Path Balancing ............................................................................... 42
Understanding Switch S1 Functions ...................................................................... 42
To Verify the Input Signal Level ............................................................................. 45
Balancing the Forward Path ................................................................................................. 47
To Select the Forward Path Balancing Procedure ................................................ 48
Forward Path Balancing for AGC Stations Using Manual Setup Mode ........... 48
Forward Path Balancing for AGC Stations Using Thermal Setup Mode .......... 58
Forward Path Balancing for Thermal Stations Using Line Extender
Only Compensation Mode ................................................................................... 66
Forward Path Balancing for Thermal Stations Using Line Extender
and Coax Compensation Mode ........................................................................... 69
Forward Path Balancing for Manual Stations ....................................................... 73
No Switch 1 Setting for Manual Stations ............................................................... 73
Forward Path Balancing Using Trim Networks ................................................... 75
Balancing the Reverse Path................................................................................................... 77
About Reverse Path Balancing ................................................................................ 77
To Prepare the Line Extender for Reverse Path Balancing ................................. 79
To Calculate the Proper RF Signal Level ............................................................... 80
To Complete Reverse Path Balancing .................................................................... 81
Troubleshooting
83
Equipment............................................................................................................................... 84
No AC Power.......................................................................................................................... 85
No AC Power Troubleshooting Table.................................................................... 86
No DC Power.......................................................................................................................... 87
No DC Power Troubleshooting Table.................................................................... 88
iv
Contents
No Forward RF Signal ........................................................................................................... 89
No Forward RF Signal Troubleshooting Table ..................................................... 89
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal ................................................................................. 90
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal Troubleshooting Table ........................... 90
No Reverse RF Signal ............................................................................................................ 92
No Reverse RF Signal Troubleshooting Table ...................................................... 92
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal .................................................................................. 93
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal Troubleshooting Table ............................ 93
Customer Support Information
95
Appendix A Technical Information
97
“Linear” Tilt Charts ............................................................................................................... 98
Line Extender Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 1.2 GHz ....................................... 98
Line Extender Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 1 GHz .......................................... 98
Line Extender Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 870 MHz ..................................... 99
Forward Cable Equalizer Charts ....................................................................................... 101
1.2 GHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart .................................................... 101
1 GHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart ....................................................... 102
870 MHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart .................................................. 103
Reverse Cable Equalizer Charts ......................................................................................... 104
42 MHz and 40 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart............................... 104
55 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart ..................................................... 105
65 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart ..................................................... 106
Glossary
107
Index
111
v
Important Safety Instructions
Important Safety Instructions
Read and Retain Instructions
Carefully read all safety and operating instructions before operating this equipment,
and retain them for future reference.
Follow Instructions and Heed Warnings
Follow all operating and use instructions. Pay attention to all warnings and cautions
in the operating instructions, as well as those that are affixed to this equipment.
Terminology
The terms defined below are used in this document. The definitions given are based
on those found in safety standards.
Service Personnel - The term service personnel applies to trained and qualified
individuals who are allowed to install, replace, or service electrical equipment. The
service personnel are expected to use their experience and technical skills to avoid
possible injury to themselves and others due to hazards that exist in service and
restricted access areas.
User and Operator - The terms user and operator apply to persons other than service
personnel.
Ground(ing) and Earth(ing) - The terms ground(ing) and earth(ing) are synonymous.
This document uses ground(ing) for clarity, but it can be interpreted as having the
same meaning as earth(ing).
Electric Shock Hazard
This equipment meets applicable safety standards.
WARNING:
To reduce risk of electric shock, perform only the instructions that are
included in the operating instructions. Refer all servicing to qualified service
personnel only.
Electric shock can cause personal injury or even death. Avoid direct contact with
dangerous voltages at all times.
Know the following safety warnings and guidelines:
vii
Important Safety Instructions
 Only qualified service personnel are allowed to perform equipment installation
or replacement.
 Only qualified service personnel are allowed to remove chassis covers and access
any of the components inside the chassis.
Equipment Placement
WARNING:
Avoid personal injury and damage to this equipment. An unstable mounting
surface may cause this equipment to fall.
To protect against equipment damage or injury to personnel, comply with the
following:
 Install this equipment in a restricted access location (access restricted to service
personnel).
 Make sure the mounting surface or rack is stable and can support the size and
weight of this equipment.
Strand (Aerial) Installation
CAUTION:
Be aware of the size and weight of strand-mounted equipment during the
installation operation.
Ensure that the strand can safely support the equipment’s weight.
Pedestal, Service Closet, Equipment Room or Underground Vault
Installation
WARNING:
Avoid the possibility of personal injury. Ensure proper handling/lifting
techniques are employed when working in confined spaces with heavy
equipment.
 Ensure this equipment is securely fastened to the mounting surface or rack
where necessary to protect against damage due to any disturbance and
subsequent fall.
 Ensure the mounting surface or rack is appropriately anchored according to
manufacturer’s specifications.
 Ensure the installation site meets the ventilation requirements given in the
equipment’s data sheet to avoid the possibility of equipment overheating.
viii
Important Safety Instructions
 Ensure the installation site and operating environment is compatible with the
equipment’s International Protection (IP) rating specified in the equipment’s data
sheet.
Connecting to Utility AC Power
Important: If this equipment is a Class I equipment, it must be grounded.
 If this equipment plugs into an outlet, the outlet must be near this equipment,
and must be easily accessible.
 Connect this equipment only to the power sources that are identified on the
equipment-rating label, which is normally located close to the power inlet
connector(s).
 This equipment may have two power sources. Be sure to disconnect all power
sources before working on this equipment.
 If this equipment does not have a main power switch, the power cord connector
serves as the disconnect device.
 Always pull on the plug or the connector to disconnect a cable. Never pull on the
cable itself.
Connection to Network Power Sources
Refer to this equipment’s specific installation instructions in this manual or in
companion manuals in this series for connection to network ferro-resonant AC
power sources.
AC Power Shunts
AC power shunts may be provided with this equipment.
Important: The power shunts (where provided) must be removed before installing
modules into a powered housing. With the shunts removed, power surge to the
components and RF-connectors is reduced.
CAUTION:
RF connectors and housing seizure assemblies can be damaged if shunts are
not removed from the equipment before installing or removing modules from
the housing.
ix
Important Safety Instructions
Grounding (Utility AC Powered Equipment in Pedestals, Service
Closets, etc.)
This section provides instructions for verifying that the equipment is properly
grounded.
Safety Plugs (USA Only)
This equipment is equipped with either a 3-terminal (grounding-type) safety plug or
a 2-terminal (polarized) safety plug. The wide blade or the third terminal is provided
for safety. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the grounding-type or polarized
safety plug.
To properly ground this equipment, follow these safety guidelines:
 Grounding-Type Plug - For a 3-terminal plug (one terminal on this plug is a
protective grounding pin), insert the plug into a grounded mains, 3-terminal
outlet.
Note: This plug fits only one way. If this plug cannot be fully inserted into the
outlet, contact an electrician to replace the obsolete 3-terminal outlet.
 Polarized Plug - For a 2-terminal plug (a polarized plug with one wide blade
and one narrow blade), insert the plug into a polarized mains, 2-terminal outlet
in which one socket is wider than the other.
Note: If this plug cannot be fully inserted into the outlet, try reversing the plug.
If the plug still fails to fit, contact an electrician to replace the obsolete 2-terminal
outlet.
Grounding Terminal
If this equipment is equipped with an external grounding terminal, attach one end of
an 18-gauge wire (or larger) to the grounding terminal; then, attach the other end of
the wire to a ground, such as a grounded equipment rack.
Safety Plugs (European Union)
 Class I Mains Powered Equipment – Provided with a 3-terminal AC inlet and
requires connection to a 3-terminal mains supply outlet via a 3-terminal power
cord for proper connection to the protective ground.
Note: The equipotential bonding terminal provided on some equipment is not
designed to function as a protective ground connection.
 Class II Mains Powered Equipment – Provided with a 2-terminal AC inlet that
may be connected by a 2-terminal power cord to the mains supply outlet. No
connection to the protective ground is required as this class of equipment is
provided with double or reinforced and/or supplementary insulation in
x
Important Safety Instructions
addition to the basic insulation provided in Class I equipment.
Note: Class II equipment, which is subject to EN 50083-1, is provided with a
chassis mounted equipotential bonding terminal. See the section titled
Equipotential Bonding for connection instructions.
Equipotential Bonding
If this equipment is equipped with an external chassis terminal marked with the IEC
60417-5020 chassis icon ( ), the installer should refer to CENELEC standard EN
50083-1 or IEC standard IEC 60728-11 for correct equipotential bonding connection
instructions.
General Servicing Precautions
WARNING:
Avoid electric shock! Opening or removing this equipment’s cover may
expose you to dangerous voltages.
CAUTION:
These servicing precautions are for the guidance of qualified service
personnel only. To reduce the risk of electric shock, do not perform any
servicing other than that contained in the operating instructions unless you
are qualified to do so. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.
Be aware of the following general precautions and guidelines:
 Servicing - Servicing is required when this equipment has been damaged in any
way, such as power supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or
objects have fallen into this equipment, this equipment has been exposed to rain
or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.
 Wristwatch and Jewelry - For personal safety and to avoid damage of this
equipment during service and repair, do not wear electrically conducting objects
such as a wristwatch or jewelry.
 Lightning - Do not work on this equipment, or connect or disconnect cables,
during periods of lightning.
 Labels - Do not remove any warning labels. Replace damaged or illegible
warning labels with new ones.
 Covers - Do not open the cover of this equipment and attempt service unless
instructed to do so in the instructions. Refer all servicing to qualified service
personnel only.
 Moisture - Do not allow moisture to enter this equipment.
xi
Important Safety Instructions
 Cleaning - Use a damp cloth for cleaning.
 Safety Checks - After service, assemble this equipment and perform safety
checks to ensure it is safe to use before putting it back into operation.
Electrostatic Discharge
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) results from the static electricity buildup on the human
body and other objects. This static discharge can degrade components and cause
failures.
Take the following precautions against electrostatic discharge:
 Use an anti-static bench mat and a wrist strap or ankle strap designed to safely
ground ESD potentials through a resistive element.
 Keep components in their anti-static packaging until installed.
 Avoid touching electronic components when installing a module.
Fuse Replacement
To replace a fuse, comply with the following:
 Disconnect the power before changing fuses.
 Identify and clear the condition that caused the original fuse failure.
 Always use a fuse of the correct type and rating. The correct type and rating are
indicated on this equipment.
Batteries
This product may contain batteries. Special instructions apply regarding the safe use
and disposal of batteries:
Safety
 Insert batteries correctly. There may be a risk of explosion if the batteries are
incorrectly inserted.
 Do not attempt to recharge ‘disposable’ or ‘non-reusable’ batteries.
 Please follow instructions provided for charging ‘rechargeable’ batteries.
 Replace batteries with the same or equivalent type recommended by
manufacturer.
 Do not expose batteries to temperatures above 100°C (212°F).
xii
Important Safety Instructions
Disposal
 The batteries may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment
 Recycle or dispose of batteries in accordance with the battery manufacturer’s
instructions and local/national disposal and recycling regulations.
 The batteries may contain perchlorate, a known hazardous substance, so special
handling and disposal of this product might be necessary. For more information
about perchlorate and best management practices for perchlorate-containing
substance, see www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate.
Modifications
This equipment has been designed and tested to comply with applicable safety, laser
safety, and EMC regulations, codes, and standards to ensure safe operation in its
intended environment. Refer to this equipment's data sheet for details about
regulatory compliance approvals.
Do not make modifications to this equipment. Any changes or modifications could
void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
Modifications have the potential to degrade the level of protection built into this
equipment, putting people and property at risk of injury or damage. Those persons
making any modifications expose themselves to the penalties arising from proven
non-compliance with regulatory requirements and to civil litigation for
compensation in respect of consequential damages or injury.
Accessories
Use only attachments or accessories specified by the manufacturer.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulatory Requirements
This equipment meets applicable electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulatory
requirements. Refer to this equipment's data sheet for details about regulatory
compliance approvals. EMC performance is dependent upon the use of correctly
shielded cables of good quality for all external connections, except the power source,
when installing this equipment.
 Ensure compliance with cable/connector specifications and associated
installation instructions where given elsewhere in this manual.
xiii
Important Safety Instructions
EMC Compliance Statements
Where this equipment is subject to USA FCC and/or Industry Canada rules, the
following statements apply:
FCC Statement for Class A Equipment
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when this equipment is
operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case users will be required to
correct the interference at their own expense.
Industry Canada - Industrie Canadiene Statement
This apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil est confome àla norme NMB-003 du Canada.
CENELEC/CISPR Statement with Respect to Class A Information Technology Equipment
This is a Class A equipment. In a domestic environment this equipment may cause
radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate
measures.
xiv
1 Chapter 1
Introduction
Overview
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker® Broadband Amplifier Platform includes a
variety of RF amplifiers that address the divergent needs of today's
broadband networks. All 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extenders provide
superior two-way performance and reliability combined with a
user-friendly layout.
This chapter introduces the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender and
describes its main components, configuration options, and accessories.
Purpose
This guide provides instructions for installing, configuring, setting up,
and troubleshooting the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender.
Who Should Use This Document
This document is intended for authorized service personnel who have
experience working with similar equipment. The service personnel
should have appropriate background and knowledge to complete the
procedures described in this document.
Qualified Personnel
WARNING:
Allow only qualified and skilled personnel to install, operate,
maintain, and service this product. Otherwise, personal injury or
equipment damage may occur.
Only appropriately qualified and skilled personnel should attempt to
install, operate, maintain, and service this product.
1
Scope
This guide discusses the following topics.
 Description of the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender
 Installing and configuring the line extender
 Balancing and setup of line extender forward and reverse signal
paths
 Troubleshooting the line extender
 Customer support information
 Descriptions of configuration options and accessories
In This Chapter



Description ............................................................................................... 3
Illustrations .............................................................................................. 7
Block Diagrams ....................................................................................... 9
Document Version
This is the first release of this guide.
2
Description
Description
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender is available in the following amplifier types.
 Manual/Thermal
 Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender is available in the following reverse path
splits.
 42/54 MHz
 65/86 MHz
 85/102 MHz
 204/258 MHz
Characteristics
1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender modules have the following characteristics.
 -20 dB test points, located electrically outside of the diplex filter, provide for
testing of forward output signals and reverse input signals without disrupting
normal operation
 Housing lids offered with external test point
 Manual/Thermal version includes customer accessible switch for configuration
of interstage
 Direct module plug-in to the housing provides superior line extender heat
sinking
 Symmetrical housing and modules provide convenient mounting
-
Line extender housings that can be installed facing either toward or away
from the street
 AC circuitry provides 15 A of steady state current capability that is able to
withstand 25 A of peak current (for a maximum of 2 hours)
 Surge-resistant circuitry provides improved resistance to high voltage transients
 Chromated housing protects outdoor equipment in coastal areas and other
corrosive environments
 Input and output reverse pad locations increase flexibility in reverse path design
and alignment
3
Chapter 1
Introduction
 Compatible with existing GainMaker Line Extender back housing
 EQ and attenuator pads have the same footprint as existing products
 Spring loaded seizure on the base housing
 Easy split upgrade with simple plug-in changes
Power Supply
The DC power supply has the following features.
 Located in housing lid for ease of maintenance
 AC and DC test points provided on the power supply
 Power Voltages: 35 to 90 VAC
 Not compatible with previous GainMaker Line Extender power supply
Input and Output Ports
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender has one input and one output port.
Configuration
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender is pre-configured with the following.
 Diplex Filters
 Frequency split dependent High Pass Filter Trim and Low Pass Filter Trim,
Forward Interstage Equalizer and 0dB Reverse Equalizer
 Forward Interstage Pad and 0dB Reverse Input Attenuator Pad
 6kV crowbar surge protector
Test Points
There are five RF test points on the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender module.
4
Description
There are three voltage test points on the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender power
supply.
5
Chapter 1
Introduction
AC Shunt Power Directors
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender has two AC shunt power directors that are
used to direct AC current to and from the amplifier input and output ports.
Ordering Information
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker System Line Extender is available with several
forward/reverse bandwidths and AGC pilot frequencies. There are also several
customer selectable accessories which will be ordered separately by customers.
These accessories may be ordered to complete the field set up of the line extender
(pads, EQs, Signal Directors, etc) or a spare items (power supplies, surge protectors,
etc). Please refer to the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender Data Sheet for a full listing
of the Configured Amplifier Stations, RF modules, and accessories that are available.
Note: Please consult with your Account Representative, Customer Service
Representative, or System Engineer to determine the best configuration for your
particular application.
6
Illustrations
Illustrations
Line Extender Test Points
The following diagram shows the test points locations for the 1.2 GHz GainMaker
Line Extender.
Note: The test point locations are the same for all 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender
models.
7
Chapter 1
Introduction
Line Extender Accessories
The following diagram shows the accessory locations for the 1.2 GHz GainMaker
Line Extender.
Note: The accessory locations are the same for all 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender
models.
8
Block Diagrams
Block Diagrams
The following illustration is a block diagram of the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line
Extender module.
9
2 Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Introduction
This chapter provides instructions for installing and configuring the
1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender in your cable system.
In This Chapter












Before You Begin................................................................................... 12
Opening the Line Extender Housing ................................................. 15
Upgrading Existing Housing Seizures .............................................. 16
Upgrading an Existing Housing Lid .................................................. 18
Installing the Power Supply ................................................................ 20
Attaching the Coaxial Connectors ...................................................... 24
Installing the Housing .......................................................................... 25
Installing Accessories ........................................................................... 28
Installing the Line Extender Module ................................................. 33
Removing the Line Extender Module from the Housing ............... 36
Removing and Installing AC Shunt Power Directors ...................... 38
Closing the Line Extender Housing ................................................... 40
11
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Before You Begin
The procedures in this chapter assume that you have completed the following:
 Prepared the installation site
 Located the coaxial cable, with or without the pin-type coaxial connectors
mounted on the cable
Required Tools
Before you start, make sure that you have the following tools:
 1/2-inch wrench or nut driver
 Phillips-head or T-15 Torx-bit screwdriver
 Heavy-duty wire cutters or snips
Torque Specifications
The following table gives the torque specifications for the module.
12
Fastener
Torque Specification
Housing hinge screw
5 in-lb to 8 in-lb
(0.56 Nm to 0.90 Nm)
Power supply module securing
screws
18 in-lb to 20 in-lb
(2 Nm to 2.3 Nm)
Strand clamp mounting bracket
bolts
5 ft-lb to 8 ft-lb
(6.8 Nm to 10.8 Nm)
75 ohm terminator
2 ft-lb to 4 ft-lb
(2.7 Nm to 5.4 Nm)
Line extender module shoulder
screws (slotted head)
6 in-lb to 9 in-lb
(0.7 Nm to 1.0 Nm)
Line extender module shoulder
screws (cross head)
18 in-lb to 20 in-lb
(2.0 Nm to 2.25 Nm)
Housing closure bolts
5 ft-lb to 12 ft-lb
(6.8 Nm to 16.3 Nm)
Illustration
(Appearance
varies by
manufacturer)
Before You Begin
Fastener
Torque Specification
Test point port plugs
5 ft-lb to 8 ft-lb
(6.8 Nm to 10.8 Nm)
Illustration
Module Cover
1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender modules have an aluminum cover attached to the
chassis with self-tapping screws. Normal field maintenance will not require the
removal of this cover.
Module and Housing Compatibility
Housing Lid
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender module is compatible with the GainMaker
Line Extender housing lid only. The module will not work with Line Extender II or
III housing lids.
Housing Base
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender module is compatible with the GainMaker
Line Extender housing base. The module will also work with Line Extender II or III
housing bases. Additionally, the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender housing base is
marked with a green label to indicate that it contains 15 A capable spring loaded
seizures. Both 1.0 GHz and 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender will operate in the
new 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender housing base.
Important! 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender modules are marked with a blue label
to indicate 15-ampere capability. The RF connectors in these modules are also
marked with blue. These line extender modules must be used in conjunction with
the proper GainMaker Line Extender housings, which is marked with a blue (1.0
GHz housing base) or green (1.2 GHz housing base) label.
Housing Dimensions
The diagram below shows the dimensions, in inches and millimeters, of the 1.2 GHz
GainMaker Line Extender housing. Use these measurements to calculate clearance
requirements for your installation.
13
Chapter 2
14
Installation and Configuration
Opening the Line Extender Housing
Opening the Line Extender Housing
To Open the Line Extender Housing
Complete the following steps to open the line extender housing.
Important: Before unscrewing the housing bolts, make sure the removable locking
screw in the hinge is in place and secure. The locking screw prevents separation of
the lid from the base.
1
Unscrew the ½-inch housing closure bolts on the housing lid until they are loose.
2
Open the housing.
Note: The closure bolts will remain attached to the housing.
15
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Upgrading Existing Housing Seizures
The GainMaker Line Extender modules have a higher current-carrying capacity than
some earlier Line Extender products. If you are replacing an earlier Line Extender
(LE II, or LE III) with a GainMaker Line Extender, you will need to upgrade the
housing base to handle the higher current demands.
The 15 A housings have silver-plated 0.063 in. diameter pins in the seizures. The
plastic material in the seizures and anvils are glass-filled in order to handle the
higher AC currents, as well as higher temperatures.
The 15 A line extender modules have a newly designed RF connector that accepts
0.063 in. diameter pins rated for higher-current applications.
Note: The RF connectors, seizures, and anvils are coded blue for ease of
identification.
To Install the New Housing Seizures
Complete the following steps to upgrade a line extender housing to 15 A current
capacity.
Important: The power shunts must be removed before installing the unit into a
powered housing. With shunts removed, it reduces the power surge to the
components and F-connectors.
CAUTION:
RF connectors and housing seizure assemblies can be damaged if AC shunt
power directors are not removed from the amplifier before installing or
removing the amplifier module from the housing.
16
1
If an amplifier module is installed in the housing, you must remove it before
continuing. Refer to Removing the Amplifier Module from the Housing (on page
36).
2
Using a seizure wrench, part number 143190, remove the seizures from the
housing. See the diagram below.
Upgrading Existing Housing Seizures
3
Using a ½ in. nut driver, install the new seizure screws from the upgrade kit in
the housing.
4
Do one of the following as appropriate:
5

If the coaxial cable is connected to the housing, tighten each seizure screw
from 2 ft-lb to 5 ft-lb (2.7 Nm to 6.8 Nm).

If the coaxial cable is not connected to the housing, proceed to To Connect the
Coaxial Cable Pin Connector to the Node Housing (on page 24).
Place the blue stickers on the outside of the housing between the ports to indicate
that the upgrade has been completed.
17
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Upgrading an Existing Housing Lid
The GainMaker Line Extender has a new style housing lid that allows easier access
to the line extender power supply. If you are replacing an earlier line extender (LE II
or LE III) with a GainMaker Line Extender, you will have to replace the existing
housing lid with a newer housing lid to accommodate the power supply for the line
extender.
To Install the New Housing Lid
Complete the following steps to upgrade a line extender housing with the newest
housing lid.
CAUTION:
RF connectors and housing seizure assemblies can be damaged if AC shunt
power directors are not removed from the amplifier before installing or
removing the amplifier module from the housing.
WARNING:
Before starting this procedure in an aerial or strand mounted application, be
sure to clear the area below the housing of all people, and if possible,
property.
CAUTION:
In an aerial or strand mounted application, you will need to take steps to
ensure that the housing lid does not fall to the ground. See the following
recommended procedure.
1
18
Use a torque wrench to loosen the housing closure bolts on the housing lid.
Upgrading an Existing Housing Lid
2
Firmly grasp the housing lid and open it carefully.
3
Using a screwdriver, remove the hinge screw from the housing hinge. The
housing lid will now swivel completely open, allowing it to be removed from the
housing base.
Important: Place the old housing lid in a safe place until it can be disposed of
properly.
WARNING:
It is possible for the housing lid to separate from the housing base and fall,
possibly causing injury or damage to persons or property below.
4
Firmly grasp the new GainMaker housing lid and place it onto the housing
bottom, swiveling it into place on the housing hinge.
WARNING:
It is possible for the housing lid to separate from the housing base and fall,
possibly causing injury or damage to persons or property below.
5
Using a screwdriver, replace the hinge screw in the housing hinge. Tighten the
hinge screw from 5 in-lb to 8 in-lb (0.56 Nm to 0.90 Nm).
19
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Installing the Power Supply
Important: The AC shunt power directors must be removed before installing the
unit. Removal of the AC shunt power directors reduces the power surge to the
components and F-connectors.
CAUTION:
RF connectors and housing seizure assemblies can be damaged if AC shunt
power directors are not removed from the amplifier before installing or
removing the amplifier module from the housing.
To Install the Power Supply Module
Complete the following steps to install the power supply module.
1
Start with the housing lid open. The power supply is installed in the housing lid.
2
Install the power supply module in the power supply cavity.
Note:
20

There is only one correct way to install the power supply module. Use the
metal tabs as a guide to position the power supply module correctly inside
the power supply cavity.

Be sure that the plastic retaining tabs that secure the test point plugs to the
housing lid are not pinched between the power supply and the interior of the
Installing the Power Supply
housing lid. This will make it difficult to open the test point plug.
3
Tighten the four module screws on the power supply module to 18 in-lb to 20
in-lb (2.0 Nm to 2.3 Nm).
4
Attach the 10-pin keyed connector of the power cable and harness to the power
supply module.
21
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Note: The 10-pin keyed connector can be connected one way only. Be sure that
the connector is installed securely to the power supply board.
5
Proceed to Attaching the Coaxial Connectors (on page 24).
To Set the AC Undervoltage Lockout Selector
Set the AC undervoltage lockout selector for your powering application as specified
by your system engineering guidelines.
Undervoltage Lockout Setting
Application
30 V Lockout
60 VAC System
40 V Lockout
90 VAC System
50 V Lockout
90 VAC System
Complete the following steps to set the AC undervoltage lockout selector:
1
22
Locate the AC undervoltage lockout selector on the power supply in the housing
lid.
Installing the Power Supply
2
Set the AC undervoltage lockout selector for your powering application as
illustrated in the following diagram.
Note: The AC undervoltage lockout selector positions are also noted on the
power supply.
3
Proceed to Attaching the Coaxial Connectors (on page 24).
23
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Attaching the Coaxial Connectors
To Trim the Center Conductor
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender requires pin-type connectors for all RF
connections.
Before you begin, confirm the following:
 The coaxial cables are cut to the proper length and core-stripped to connector
manufacturer specifications.
 The coaxial cable connector center pins are trimmed to 1.25 inches (31.75 mm)
from the shoulder of the connector.
To Connect the Coaxial Cable Pin Connector to the Line Extender
Housing
Complete the following steps to connect the coaxial cable pin connector to the 1.2
GHz GainMaker Line Extender housing:
24
1
Begin this procedure with the line extender housing open. Refer to To Open the
Line Extender Housing (on page 15).
2
If the coaxial cable connector center pin extends more than the length specified in
To Trim the Center Conductor (on page 24), trim the pin with heavy-duty wire
cutters.
3
Insert the appropriate coaxial connector into the housing at the desired housing
port. Tighten the connector nut according to manufacturer specifications.
4
Tighten the seizure screw from 2 ft-lb to 5 ft-lb (2.7 Nm to 6.8 Nm).
5
Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the other RF port.
6
Proceed to Installing the Housing (on page 25).
Installing the Housing
Installing the Housing
The following procedures detail how to install the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line
Extender housing on a strand (aerial) or in a pedestal.
To Install the Housing on a Strand (Aerial)
Complete the following steps to install the housing on a strand (aerial). The housing
does not need to be opened for strand installation.
Important: The minimum strand diameter should be 5/16 inch.
CAUTION:
Be aware of the size and weight of the housing while strand mounting.
Ensure that the strand can safely support the weight of the housing.
1
Loosen the strand clamp bolts.
2
Lift the housing into proper position on the strand.
3
Slip the strand clamps over the strand and finger-tighten the clamp bolts. This
allows additional movement of the housing as needed.
4
Move the housing as needed to install the coaxial cable and connectors. See the
diagrams below for examples.
Signal Flow from Left to Right
25
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Signal Flow from Right to Left
Note: Coax In may be switched with the Coax Out if you reverse the line
extender module and feed the signal from right to left.
5
Using a ½-inch torque wrench, tighten the strand clamp bolts from 5 ft-lb to 8
ft-lb (6.8 Nm to 10.8 Nm). Make sure there is good mechanical contact between
the strand and the housing.
Note: A slight tilt of the face of the housing is normal. Cable tension will cause
the housing to hang more closely to vertical.
6
Connect the coaxial cable to the pin connector according to connector
manufacturer specifications.
7
Proceed to Installing Accessories (on page 28).
To Install the Housing in a Pedestal
Complete the following steps to install the line extender in a pedestal.
26
1
Remove the cover of the pedestal.
2
Remove the self-tapping bolts from the strand clamps and set the bolts and
strand clamps aside.
3
Position the housing in the pedestal frame as shown in the following illustration.
Line up the self-tapping bolt holes on the bottom of the housing with the
mounting holes on the bracket.
Installing the Housing
Note: The housing mounts to the bracket provided by the pedestal manufacturer.
4
Secure the housing to the bracket by using the bolts that you removed in step 2.
Use the strand clamps as spacers if necessary. Torque the bolts from 8 ft-lb to 10
ft-lb (10.8 Nm to 13.6 Nm).
5
Connect the coaxial cable to the pin connector according to connector
manufacturer specifications.
6
Proceed to Installing Accessories (on page 28).
27
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Installing Accessories
The following section provides instructions for installing accessories into the 1.2
GHz GainMaker Line Extender.
To Install Attenuator Pads
Complete the following steps to install the attenuator pads in the line extender.
Note: For best results, follow this installation procedure exactly.
1
Begin this procedure with the housing open. Refer to To Open the Line Extender
Housing (on page 15).
Note: These accessories can be installed without removing the cover.
2
Install the pad(s) specified by the design print in the appropriate pad slot(s). For
a list of available accessory pad values and part numbers, see datasheet.
Notes:
28

Be sure that all the pins on the attenuator pad bottom align with the pin holes
in the attenuator pad slot, allowing the attenuator pad to install flat against
the line extender module.

The locations for attenuator pads are approximately the same for all
Installing Accessories
GainMaker Line Extender. The illustration above shows a typical example.

3
The interstage pad is installed at the factory to set the operational gain of the
station. Do not change this pad in the field unless required by system design.
Install other options or accessories as desired, or proceed to Installing the Line
Extender Module (on page 33).
To Install Equalizers
Complete the following steps to install the equalizers in the line extender.
Note: For best results, follow this installation procedure exactly.
1
Begin this procedure with the housing open. Refer to To Open the Line Extender
Housing (on page 15).
Note: These accessories can be installed without removing the line extender
module cover.
2
Install the forward input equalizer specified by the design print in the forward
input equalizer slot. Or, install the correct inverse equalizer specified by the
design print for your system in the forward input equalizer slot. For a list of
available accessory pad values and part numbers, see datasheet.
Note:

Be sure that all the pins on the forward input equalizer or inverse equalizer
29
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
bottom align with the pin holes in the equalizer slot, allowing the equalizer to
install flat against the line extender module.


The same inverse equalizer is used for either 870 MHz, 1 GHz and 1.2GHz.

The forward interstage equalizer is installed at the factory, and should not be
changed in the field. While it is a 1.2 GHz equalizer, it is appropriate for use
in both 1.2 GHz, 1GHz and 870 MHz system applications.

The plug-in interstage equalizer and an on-board interstage equalizer
combine to produce the total internal tilt for the station. The plug-in
interstage equalizer value is different from one type of line extender to
another by design, in order to achieve optimum performance.
The locations for equalizers are approximately the same for all GainMaker
Line Extender. The illustration above shows a typical example.
3
Install the reverse equalizer specified by the design print in the reverse equalizer
slot. For the exact location of the reverse equalizer, refer to the accompanying
illustration. For a list of available reverse equalizers, see datasheet.
4
Install other options or accessories as desired, or proceed to Installing the Line
Extender Module (on page 33).
To Install the Crowbar Surge Protector
Complete the following steps to install the crowbar surge protector in the line
extender.
30
1
Begin this procedure with the housing open. Refer to To Open the Line Extender
Housing (on page 15).
2
Remove the line extender cover by loosening the line extender cover screws.
Installing Accessories
3
Install the crowbar surge protector in the surge protector slot. Refer to the
illustration below.
Note:

Make sure that all pins on the crowbar surge protector bottom align with the
pin holes in the surge protector slot, allowing the surge protector to install
flat against the line extender module.
31
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration

4
Make sure that the components face the outside of the station (see diagram
for proper positioning). Heat shrink tubing has been added to prevent
shorting.
Replace the line extender cover and tighten the line extender cover screws from
10 in-lb to 12 in-lb (1.12 Nm to 1.35 Nm).
Important: Install the line extender module cover properly, or RF signal
degradation may result.
5
32
Install other options or accessories as desired, or proceed to Installing the Line
Extender Module (on page 33).
Installing the Line Extender Module
Installing the Line Extender Module
The line extender module plugs into the strand-mounted or pedestal-mounted
(bottom) of the housing via RF connectors on the bottom side of the module.
Line extender housings and line extender modules are designed so that you can
orient the module conveniently for maintenance. Because the input and main output
ports are located diagonally across from each other, the line extender module is
reversible. This allows you to orient all line extender housings to open either to the
road side or to the field side. The line extender is then installed in the appropriate
position, either right side up or upside down.
To Install the Line Extender Module
Complete the following steps to install the line extender module.
1
Perform the following if you are working with a line extender where AC is
present.
CAUTION:
RF connectors and housing seizure assemblies can be damaged if AC shunt
power directors are not removed from the line extender before installing or
removing the line extender module from the housing.

Install the AC shunt power directors in the line extender after you install the
line extender module in the housing.

Remove the AC shunt power directors from the line extender before you
remove the line extender module from the housing.
2
Orient the line extender module so the Input and Main output ports (the
locations of which are stamped on the module cover) are in the proper corners
for your installation.
3
Line up the RF connectors on the line extender module and the housing, and
then push the line extender module into the housing.
4
Secure the line extender module to the housing by tightening the four line
extender module retainer screws. Tighten slotted head screws to 6 in-lb to 9 in-lb
(0.7 Nm to 1.0 Nm), or cross head screws to 18 in-lb to 20 in-lb (2.0 Nm to 2.25
Nm). See the following illustration for the location of the retainer screws.
33
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
5
Snap the power cable harness into place in the holes provided.
6
Attach the 10-pin keyed connector of the power cable and harness to the line
extender module.
Note: The 10-pin connector can be connected one way only. Confirm that the
connector installs securely to the line extender module.
7
Route the excess cable between the end of the molded power harness and the
10-pin keyed connector into the white plastic retainer clips on the module cover.
Note:
34
Installing the Line Extender Module
8

Depending on the orientation of the line extender module in the housing,
your power harness routing should resemble either the previous or the next
illustration. Use the routing method best suited for your installation.

Be sure that the power harness locking tabs are fully seated under the line
extender cover.
Proceed to Removing and Installing AC Shunt Power Directors (on page 38).
35
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Removing the Line Extender Module from the
Housing
To Remove the Line Extender Module
Complete the following steps to remove the line extender module.
1
Open the housing. Refer to To Open the Line extender Housing (on page 15).
2
If you are working with an line extender in which AC is present, remove the AC
shunt power directors from the line extender before removing the line extender
module from the housing.
CAUTION:
RF connectors and housing seizure assemblies can be damaged if AC shunt
power directors are not removed from the line extender before installing or
removing the line extender module from the housing.
3
Unplug the 10-pin keyed connector of the power cable harness from the line
extender module.
4
Remove the power cable harness from the white plastic retainer clips.
5
Unsnap the cable guide from the holes in the line extender module cover.
Note: The cable can remain plugged into the power supply module.
6
36
Using a flat-blade screwdriver, loosen the two module retainer screws.
Removing the Line Extender Module from the Housing
7
Remove the line extender module from its housing and place the line extender
module on a secure surface.
WARNING:
Avoid personal injury and damage to the line extender module. Make sure
that you place the line extender module on a secure surface.
37
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Removing and Installing AC Shunt Power
Directors
The line extenders draw AC power from the coaxial cable. This AC power comes
from an external AC power supply.
WARNING:
When AC is applied from RF ports to units downstream, the downstream
equipment shall also be located in a restricted access location (access restricted
to service personnel).
Power can come from the input or output ports, and each line extender can pass or
block AC power flow on any port without affecting RF continuity. However, at least
one port must pass AC power to bring power into the line extender.
To set the power direction, install AC shunt power directors for the ports through
which you wish to pass AC.
Note: A red AC shunt power director is included with the unit. The red shunt is
used to activate the port that supplies power. The red shunt should be removed
before installing or removing the line extender module from the housing.
CAUTION:
RF connectors and housing seizure assemblies can be damaged if AC shunt
power directors are not removed from the line extender before installing or
removing the line extender module from the housing.
To Remove and Install AC Shunt Power Directors
Complete the following steps to remove and install AC shunt power directors.
38
1
Open the housing. Refer to To Open the Line Extender Housing (on page 15).
2
To remove a power director, pull it straight out from the line extender module.
Removing and Installing AC Shunt Power Directors
3
To install a power director, refer to the systems design print to determine AC
power routing and install the AC shunt power directors in the required
locations.
4
Close the housing. Refer to To Close the Line Extender Housing (on page 40).
39
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
Closing the Line Extender Housing
To Close the Line Extender Housing
Complete the following steps to close the line extender housing.
CAUTION:
Avoid moisture damage and RF leakage! Follow the procedure exactly as
shown below to ensure a proper seal.
1
Inspect the housing gasket and all mating surfaces. Wipe off any excess dirt and
debris.
2
Close the housing and finger-tighten all closure bolts.
3
Use a torque wrench with a ½-inch socket to tighten each closure bolt from 5 ft-lb
to 12 ft-lb (6.8 Nm to 16.3 Nm) each.
4
The tightening sequence is shown in the following Torquing Sequence section.
Follow the numbered sequence to tighten the closure bolts.
Torquing Sequence
The following diagram shows the proper torquing sequence for the housing closure
bolts.
40
3 Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
Introduction
This chapter provides instructions for selecting and implementing the
correct balancing methods for the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender
in your cable system. Balancing sets the operating levels of the station
to ensure proper performance.
Important: Use the information in this chapter to identify the
equipment needed for balancing and to determine the correct forward
path balancing method for your system installation.
In This Chapter



Preparing for Forward Path Balancing .............................................. 42
Balancing the Forward Path ................................................................ 47
Balancing the Reverse Path ................................................................. 77
41
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
Preparing for Forward Path Balancing
Before you begin balancing, it is important to review and understand the following
information. This information will show you which balancing process is appropriate
for your line extender.
Before balancing, make sure that you have configured the line extender according to
the specifications in your design print and that the line extender has warmed up for
approximately one hour.
The table below shows the items needed for balancing.
You need a ...
To ...
copy of the design print
determine expected input and output signal
levels.
torque wrench with 1/2-inch socket
open and close the line extender housing.
spectrum analyzer or signal analysis
meter capable of working with
frequencies up to the highest design
frequency
determine absolute and relative signal levels.
test point adapter or F-81
female-to-female adapter
access the test points.
length of 75 ohm coaxial cable with
F-connectors on each end
connect the test point adapter to the test
equipment.
voltmeter
test the power supply AC and DC voltages.
reverse sweep receiver
test signals using a reverse sweep transmitter.
1/8-inch flat blade screwdriver
adjust switch S1, AGC Manual Backoff, and
AGC Gain Control
Understanding BODE Switch Function
The BODE Switch is used to set the interstage control of the Line Extender. This
switch can be set for either Thermal control or Manual control of the Line Extender.
The BODE is always present in the Line Extender and can be engaged for either
Thermal or AGC operation of the product. The BODE circuit is by-passed when this
switch is in the Manual Mode.
Understanding Switch S1 Functions
Switch S1 is a multifunction, three-position switch. Switch S1 functions are
42
Preparing for Forward Path Balancing
determined by whether or not an AGC is installed in the station.
 When an AGC is installed in the station, it is an AGC station. In an AGC station,
switch S1 provides two setup modes and one operational mode.
 When there is no AGC installed in the station, it is a thermal station. In a thermal
station, switch S1 provides two operational modes.
Switch S1 Positions for AGC Stations
The mode you decide to use to balance an AGC station determines the position in
which you place switch S1.
 Position 1 - Selects thermal setup mode
 Position 2 - Selects manual setup mode
 Position 3 - Selects AGC operational mode
Note: AGC operational mode is used only after the station has been initially
balanced in either thermal or manual setup mode.
Bode Network
The Bode Network, or Bode, is an interstage variable attenuation and slope network
whose loss characteristics are driven by DC control voltage.
The position of switch S1 sets the DC control voltage driving the Bode according to
the setup mode or operational mode required for the station.
Refer to the following table for more information on choosing the correct switch
position for your application.
Note: Consult your system technical supervisor or manager for more information
about which choice of setup mode to use, as this may be dictated by your system or
corporate engineering policy.
43
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
Switch S1 Position Information for AGC Stations
Position 1
Thermal Setup Mode
Position 2
Manual Setup Mode
Position 3
AGC Operational Mode
A thermistor (thermal) driven
circuit on the line extender sets
the DC control voltage that
drives the Bode.
The Manual Backoff
potentiometer sets the DC control
voltage that drives the Bode.
The AGC detector circuit monitors
the AGC pilot carrier level at the
input to the AGC module. The
detected AGC pilot carrier level
variations cause a proportional
variation of the DC control
voltage that drives the Bode.
This circuit detects the line
extender’s internal temperature
and generates the proper level
of DC control voltage, setting
the proper loss characteristics of
the Bode with respect to the
current outdoor temperature.
Manually adjusting the Manual
Backoff potentiometer sets the
proper loss characteristics of the
Bode with respect to the current
outdoor temperature.
Manual adjustment is done by
monitoring the line extender RF
output level and adjusting the
Note: This is the same as the
potentiometer to reduce the gain
“Thermal” toggle switch setting “x” dB from the full gain
on most prior AGCs.
(minimum loss) of the
potentiometer setting.
Important: The switch must be
left in this position after initial
balancing in order for the AGC to
function with the Bode properly.
The AGC and Bode combination
thus cause offsetting gain and
slope variations to occur as
needed, holding the actual line
extender output stable.
The value of “x” (gain reduction)
is dependent upon outside
Note: This is the same as the
temperature and is determined by “Auto” toggle switch setting on
all prior AGCs.
consulting the Manual Backoff
Chart.
Note: This is the same as the
“Manual” toggle switch setting on
some prior AGCs.
Note: AGC operational mode is used only after the station has been initially balanced in
either thermal or manual setup mode.
Switch S1 Positions for Manual Stations
The manual version of the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender does not have a Bode
network installed. Therefore, switch S1 has no function in the manual version of the
product.
Switch S1 Positions for Thermal Stations
The mode of thermal compensation you select for a thermal station determines the
position in which you place switch S1.
 Position 1 - Selects line extender only compensation mode
 Position 2 - Not used
 Position 3 - Selects line extender and coax compensation mode
Bode Network
The Bode Network, or Bode, is an interstage variable attenuation and slope network
44
Preparing for Forward Path Balancing
whose loss characteristics are driven by DC control voltage.
The position of switch S1 sets the DC control voltage driving the Bode according to
the setup mode or operational mode required for the station.
Refer to the following table for more information on choosing the correct switch
position for your application.
Note: Consult your system technical supervisor or manager for more information
about which choice of setup mode to use as this may be dictated by your system or
corporate engineering policy.
Switch S1 Position Information for Thermal Configured Stations
Position 1
Line extender Only
Position 2
NOT USED
Position 3
Line Extender and Coax
A thermistor (thermal) driven
circuit on the line extender sets
the DC control voltage that
drives the Bode.
Important! Do not select this
position. This position is reserved
for stations with an AGC
installed.
A thermistor (thermal) driven
circuit on the line extender sets
the DC control voltage that drives
the Bode.
This circuit detects the line
extender’s internal temperature
and generates the proper level
of DC control voltage, setting
the proper loss characteristics of
the Bode with respect to the
current outdoor temperature.
While adjustments to the Manual
Backoff potentiometer will affect
line extender gain with S1 in this
position, once S1 is set to position
1 or 3, the manual potentiometer
setting will not affect proper
thermal line extender operation.
This circuit detects the line
extender's internal temperature
and generates the proper level of
DC control voltage, setting the
proper loss characteristics of the
bode with respect to the
temperature.
Note: This switch position is
meant to compensate for the
temperature related level
variations of the line extender
only. This switch position is
normally selected when
underground cable precedes the
station, since such cable is
subject to little temperature
variation.
Leaving the switch in this position
disables the thermistor (thermal)
driven circuit and enables the
backoff potentiometer on the line
extender. This sets the DC control
voltage that drives the Bode to a
constant setting, regardless of the
current outdoor temperature.
Note: This switch position is
meant to compensate for the
temperature related level
variations of both the line
extender and the coaxial cable
preceding the station.
This switch position is normally
selected when overhead cable
Note: This is a factory setting used precedes the station, since such
to verify proper station gain with cable is subject to temperature
variation.
a given amount of manual gain
backoff.
Note: Switch S1 in Position 2, and the backoff potentiometer, are used in AGC stations only.
To Verify the Input Signal Level
Complete the following steps to test the input signal level.
Important: You cannot balance the line extender without the proper input signals.
1
Connect the test equipment to the forward input test point shown in the
illustration below.
45
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
2
Measure the signal level at the following frequencies:


3
The lowest frequency specified in the system design
The highest frequency specified in the system design
Compare the measured levels to the design input levels on the system design
print.
Note: Add 20 dB to the measured levels to find the true levels. The test point
attenuates input signals by 20 dB.
4
Are measured levels within the desired limits?


5
46
If yes, proceed to step 5.
If no, or if no signals are present, find the problem before proceeding. You
cannot balance the line extender without the proper input signals.
Remove the test point adapter from the forward input test point, leaving other
equipment connectors intact.
Balancing the Forward Path
Balancing the Forward Path
Be sure to use the correct procedure for forward path balancing. Refer to To Select
the Forward Path Balancing Procedure (on page 47) for help in identifying the
procedure that best fits your system installation and line extender type.
Before you begin, also make sure that the line extender module is configured
according to the specifications in the design print, and that the line extender has
warmed up for approximately one hour.
To Set the Bode Switch Mode
You can set the bode mode using the BODE Switch.
Refer to the following table to direct you to set the proper bode mode.
Bode Mode
Description
Note
Thermal / AGC mode
Bode functions are enabled.
You can use all the forward path
balancing procedures except for
Forward Path Balancing for
Manual Stations (on page 73)
47
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
Bode Mode
Description
Note
Manual mode
Bode circuit is by-passed, the
bode functions are disabled.
You can only use the forward
path balancing procedure in
Forward Path Balancing for
Manual Stations (on page 73)
To Select the Forward Path Balancing Procedure
Refer to the following table to direct you to the proper starting point to balance your
line extender using your preferred method.
If you have ...
and you use ...
go to ...
a line extender configured
with AGC
manual mode for balancing
Forward Path Balancing for
AGC Stations Using Manual
Setup Mode (on page 48)
a line extender configured
with AGC
thermal setup mode for
balancing
Forward Path Balancing for
AGC Stations Using Thermal
Setup Mode (on page 58)
a thermal line extender (no
AGC)
line extender only
compensation mode for
balancing
Forward Path Balancing for
Thermal Stations Using Line
Extender Only Compensation
Mode (on page 66)
a thermal line extender (no
AGC)
line extender and coax
compensation mode for
balancing
Forward Path Balancing for
Thermal Stations Using Line
Extender and Coax
Compensation Mode (on page
69)
a manual line extender (no
AGC)
N/A
Forward Path Balancing for
Manual Stations (on page 73)
an line extender configured
with AGC
a trim network for balancing
Forward Path Balancing
Using Trim Networks (on page
75)
Forward Path Balancing for AGC Stations Using Manual Setup Mode
Before you begin, make sure that you have configured the line extender module
according to the specifications in the design print, and that the line extender has
warmed up for approximately one hour.
To Set the Manual Backoff Level
You must adjust the manual backoff level.
48
Balancing the Forward Path
Complete the following steps to set the manual backoff level.
1
Connect an RF meter or spectrum analyzer to the forward main output test
point.
2
Set switch S1 to position number 2.
3
Turn the MANUAL BACKOFF potentiometer fully counterclockwise for
maximum gain.
49
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
4
Determine the outside temperature at the line extender location.
5
Refer to the Manual Backoff Chart to find the proper manual backoff level for the
current temperature and reference frequency.
6
Turn the MANUAL BACKOFF potentiometer clockwise to reduce the output
level by the amount specified in the Manual Backoff Chart.
Note: After making this adjustment, do not adjust the MANUAL BACKOFF
potentiometer again.
7
Proceed to the next section, To Determine the Output Tilt.
Manual Backoff Chart
The following table displays the manual backoff level for selected frequencies and
various temperatures.
50
Temperature
445.25 MHz
Backoff level
(dB)
547.25 MHz
Backoff level
(dB)
870 MHz
Backoff level
(dB)
1 GHz
Backoff level
(dB)
1.2 GHz
Backoff level
(dB)
60C
140F
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
55C
131F
0.26
0.26
0.37
0.41
0.43
50C
122F
0.55
0.56
0.80
0.85
0.93
45C
113F
0.86
0.91
1.27
1.36
1.51
40C
104F
1.17
1.25
1.75
1.87
2.08
35C
95F
1.49
1.59
2.22
2.38
2.67
30C
86F
1.81
1.93
2.69
2.90
3.26
Balancing the Forward Path
Temperature
445.25 MHz
Backoff level
(dB)
547.25 MHz
Backoff level
(dB)
870 MHz
Backoff level
(dB)
1 GHz
Backoff level
(dB)
1.2 GHz
Backoff level
(dB)
25C
77F
2.11
2.27
3.15
3.41
3.86
20°C
68°F
2.42
2.61
3.61
3.92
4.46
15C
59F
2.70
2.93
4.05
4.41
5.01
10C
50F
2.98
3.25
4.48
4.91
5.56
5C
41F
3.29
3.60
4.97
5.45
6.18
0C
32F
3.60
3.95
5.46
5.99
6.80
-5C
23F
3.91
4.29
5.93
6.50
7.43
-10C
14F
4.21
4.63
6.40
7.02
8.05
-15C
5F
4.52
4.99
6.88
7.56
8.66
-20C
-4F
4.83
5.34
7.36
8.10
9.28
-25C
-13F
5.14
5.70
7.84
8.64
9.90
-30C
-22F
5.46
6.05
8.31
9.18
10.51
-35C
-31F
5.77
6.40
8.77
9.69
11.09
-40C
-40F
6.08
6.76
9.22
10.20
11.67
51
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
To Determine the Output Tilt
Complete the following steps to determine the output tilt of the line extender.
1
Connect the test point adapter to the forward main output test point.
2
Consult the design print to find the proper output tilt.
3
Measure the output signal levels at the frequencies you used in To Verify the
Input Signal Level (on page 45).
4
To determine the actual output tilt, calculate the difference (in dB) between the
levels of the lowest and highest specified frequencies.
5
Proceed to the next section, To Set the Output Tilt.
To Set the Output Tilt
Equalizers (EQs) are available in 1.5 dB (equivalent) increments. A 1.5 dB change in
value changes the difference between low and high frequencies by approximately 1
dB generally, or 1.2 dB for AGC stations in manual setup mode.
 Increasing the equalizer value reduces the level at lower frequencies, relative to
the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
 Decreasing the equalizer value increases the level at lower frequencies, relative
to the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
Complete the following steps to select the proper forward input equalizer value.
1
52
Compare the calculated output tilt in step 4 of To Determine the Output Tilt
Balancing the Forward Path
with the design tilt (on the design print).
2
3
Is the output tilt within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt?

If the output tilt is within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt, proceed to the next
section, To Set the Output Level.

If the output tilt is more than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
lower value.

If the output tilt is less than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
higher value.
Measure the output tilt again, and then return to step 1.
To Set the Output Level
After setting the tilt, complete the following steps to select the proper pad values for
the line extender. The output level of the line extender is set by selecting the proper
pad value.
1
Connect the test probe to the forward main output test point.
2
Measure the output level at the highest design frequency, and compare this level
with the design level (on the design print).
3
Is the measured output level within ±0.5 dB of the design level?

If the output level is within ±0.5 dB of the design output level, proceed to
step 5.

If the output level is more than the design output level, replace the forward
input pad with a higher value pad.

If the output level is less than the design level, replace the forward input pad
with a lower value pad.
4
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the output level is correct.
5
Proceed to the next section, To Set Up Automatic Gain Control.
To Set Up Automatic Gain Control
This section provides procedures and tables for configuring and aligning the AGC in
the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender. AGC attenuator values are required to select
the proper AGC attenuator value based upon actual AGC pilot carrier output level.
See To Select the AGC Pad Value.
Note:
 Output levels are measured at the pilot frequency.
 The standard single-pilot AGC makes line extender output adjustments based on
the level of the pilot frequency carrier. Activate the pilot carrier with its final
unscrambled video source before beginning balance and alignment.
53
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
The following diagram shows the location of the AGC related switch, controls, and
AGC pad.
To Select the AGC Pad Value
Use the following formula to determine the correct AGC pad value.

AGC pad value = RF output level at pilot frequency (output port) - 25 dB
To Align the AGC Module
Complete the following steps to align the AGC module.
1
54
Make sure that switch S1 is set to position 2.
Balancing the Forward Path
2
Insert the test probe into the -20 dB forward main output test point on the line
extender.
55
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
3
Measure and note the RF output level at the AGC pilot frequency.
Note: Remember to add 20 dB to compensate for the test point loss.
4
56
Set switch S1 to position 3 for AGC operation.
Balancing the Forward Path
5
Adjust the AGC gain control potentiometer to match the level you measured in
step 3.
57
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
6
Move switch S1 back and forth between position 2 and position 3.
Important: Let the line extender module settle before reading signal levels.
The signal level should not vary when you switch between positions 2 and 3. If
the signal level does vary, repeat steps 4 through 6 as needed until the signal
level does not vary between switch positions 2 and 3.
7
Set switch S1 to position 3 for AGC operation mode.
8
Proceed to Balancing the Reverse Path (on page 77).
Forward Path Balancing for AGC Stations Using Thermal Setup Mode
Before you begin, make sure that you have configured the line extender module
according to the specifications in the design print, and that the line extender has
warmed up for approximately one hour.
To Set Switch S1 for Thermal Setup Mode
You must set switch S1 to position number 1 to use thermal setup mode.
58
Balancing the Forward Path
To Determine the Output Tilt
Complete the following steps to determine the output tilt of the line extender.
1
Connect the test point adapter to the forward main output test point.
59
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
2
Consult the design print to find the proper output tilt.
3
Measure the output signal levels at the frequencies you used in To Verify the
Input Signal Level (on page 45).
4
To determine the actual output tilt, calculate the difference (in dB) between the
levels of the lowest and highest specified frequencies.
5
Proceed to the next section, To Set the Output Tilt.
To Set the Output Tilt
Equalizers (EQs) are available in 1.5 dB (equivalent) increments. A 1.5 dB change in
value changes the difference between low and high frequencies by approximately 1
dB generally, or 1.2 dB for AGC stations in manual setup mode.
 Increasing the equalizer value reduces the level at lower frequencies, relative to
the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
 Decreasing the equalizer value increases the level at lower frequencies, relative
to the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHZ.
Complete the following steps to select the proper forward input equalizer value.
1
Compare the calculated output tilt in step 4 of To Determine the Output Tilt
with the design tilt (on the design print).
2
Is the output tilt within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt?

60
If the output tilt is within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt, proceed to the next
section, To Set the Output Level.
Balancing the Forward Path
3

If the output tilt is more than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
lower value.

If the output tilt is less than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
higher value.
Measure the output tilt again, and then return to step 1.
To Set the Output Level
After setting the tilt, complete the following steps to select the proper pad values for
the line extender. The output level of the line extender is set by selecting the proper
pad value.
1
Connect the test probe to the forward main output test point.
2
Measure the output level at the highest design frequency, and compare this level
with the design level (on the design print).
3
Is the measured output level within ±0.5 dB of the design level?

If the output level is within ±0.5 dB of the design output level, proceed to
step 5.

If the output level is more than the design output level, replace the forward
input pad with a higher value pad.

If the output level is less than the design level, replace the forward input pad
with a lower value pad.
4
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the output level is correct.
5
Proceed to the next section, To Set Up Automatic Gain Control.
To Set Up Automatic Gain Control
This section provides procedures and tables for configuring and aligning the AGC in
the 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender. AGC attenuator values are required to select
the proper AGC attenuator value based upon actual AGC pilot carrier output level.
See To Select the AGC Pad Value.
Note:
 Output levels are measured at the pilot frequency.
 The standard single-pilot AGC makes line extender output adjustments based on
the level of the pilot frequency carrier. Activate the pilot carrier with its final
unscrambled video source before beginning balance and alignment.
The following diagram shows the location of the AGC related switch, controls, and
AGC pad.
61
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
To Select the AGC Pad Value
Use the following formula to determine the correct AGC pad value.

AGC pad value = RF output level at pilot frequency (output port) - 25 dB
To Align the AGC Module
Complete the following steps to align the AGC module.
1
62
Make sure that switch S1 is set to position 1.
Balancing the Forward Path
2
Insert the test probe into the -20 dB forward main output test point on the line
extender.
63
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
3
Measure and note the RF output level at the AGC pilot frequency.
Note: Remember to add 20 dB to compensate for the test point loss.
4
64
Set switch S1 to position 3 for AGC operation.
Balancing the Forward Path
5
Adjust the AGC gain control potentiometer to match the level you measured in
step 3.
65
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
6
Move switch S1 back and forth between position 1 and position 3.
Important: Let the line extender module settle before reading signal levels.
The signal level should not vary when you switch between positions 1 and 3. If
the signal level does vary, repeat steps 4 through 6 as needed until the signal
level does not vary between switch positions 1 and 3.
7
Set switch S1 to position 3 for AGC operation mode.
8
Proceed to Balancing the Reverse Path (on page 77).
Forward Path Balancing for Thermal Stations Using Line Extender Only
Compensation Mode
Before you begin, make sure that you have configured the line extender module
according to the specifications in the design print, and that the line extender has
warmed up for approximately one hour.
To Set Switch S1 for Line Extender Only Compensation Mode
You must set switch S1 to position number 1 to use line extender only compensation
mode.
66
Balancing the Forward Path
To Determine the Output Tilt
Complete the following steps to determine the output tilt of the line extender.
1
Connect the test point adapter to the forward main output test point.
67
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
2
Consult the design print to find the proper output tilt.
3
Measure the output signal levels at the frequencies you used in To Verify the
Input Signal Level (on page 45).
4
To determine the actual output tilt, calculate the difference (in dB) between the
levels of the lowest and highest specified frequencies.
5
Proceed to the next section, To Set the Output Tilt.
To Set the Output Tilt
Equalizers (EQs) are available in 1.5 dB (equivalent) increments. A 1.5 dB change in
value changes the difference between low and high frequencies by approximately 1
dB generally, or 1.2 dB for AGC stations in manual setup mode.
 Increasing the equalizer value reduces the level at lower frequencies, relative to
the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
 Decreasing the equalizer value increases the level at lower frequencies, relative
to the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
Complete the following steps to select the proper forward input equalizer value.
1
Compare the calculated output tilt in step 4 of To Determine the Output Tilt
with the design tilt (on the design print).
2
Is the output tilt within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt?

68
If the output tilt is within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt, proceed to the next
section, To Set the Output Level.
Balancing the Forward Path
3

If the output tilt is more than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
lower value.

If the output tilt is less than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
higher value.
Measure the output tilt again, and then return to step 1.
To Set the Output Level
After setting the tilt, complete the following steps to select the proper pad values for
the line extender. The output level of the line extender is set by selecting the proper
pad value.
1
Connect the test probe to the forward main output test point.
2
Measure the output level at the highest design frequency, and compare this level
with the design level (on the design print).
3
Is the measured output level within ±0.5 dB of the design level?

If the output level is within ±0.5 dB of the design output level, proceed to
step 5.

If the output level is more than the design output level, replace the forward
input pad with a higher value pad.

If the output level is less than the design level, replace the forward input pad
with a lower value pad.
4
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the output level is correct.
5
Proceed to Balancing the Reverse Path (on page 77).
Forward Path Balancing for Thermal Stations Using Line Extender and
Coax Compensation Mode
Before you begin, make sure that you have configured the line extender module
according to the specifications in the design print, and that the line extender has
warmed up for approximately one hour.
Note: If it is necessary to balance a thermal station using line extender and coax
compensation mode immediately after module installation (with little or no
warm-up period), the output level should be set 1 dB lower than specified by the
design print. This reduction in output level will be offset by an increase in internal
line extender gain as the thermal circuit in the line extender warms up.
To Set Switch S1 for Line Extender and Coax Compensation Mode
You must set switch S1 to position number 3 to use line extender and coax
compensation mode.
69
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
To Determine the Output Tilt
Complete the following steps to determine the output tilt of the line extender.
1
70
Connect the test point adapter to the forward main output test point.
Balancing the Forward Path
2
Consult the design print to find the proper output tilt.
3
Measure the output signal levels at the frequencies you used in To Verify the
Input Signal Level (on page 45).
4
To determine the actual output tilt, calculate the difference (in dB) between the
levels of the lowest and highest specified frequencies.
5
Proceed to the next section, To Set the Output Tilt.
To Set the Output Tilt
Equalizers (EQs) are available in 1.5 dB (equivalent) increments. A 1.5 dB change in
value changes the difference between low and high frequencies by approximately 1
dB generally, or 1.2 dB for AGC stations in manual setup mode.
 Increasing the equalizer value reduces the level at lower frequencies, relative to
the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
 Decreasing the equalizer value increases the level at lower frequencies, relative
to the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
Complete the following steps to select the proper forward input equalizer value.
1
Compare the calculated output tilt in step 4 of To Determine the Output Tilt
with the design tilt (on the design print).
2
Is the output tilt within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt?

If the output tilt is within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt, proceed to the next
section, To Set the Output Level.
71
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
3

If the output tilt is more than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
lower value.

If the output tilt is less than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
higher value.
Measure the output tilt again, and then return to step 1.
To Set the Output Level
After setting the tilt, complete the following steps to select the proper pad values for
the line extender. The output level of the line extender is set by selecting the proper
pad value.
Note: If you are setting the output level of a line extender that has not warmed up
for approximately one hour, skip to the To Set the Output Level for a Cold
Amplifier procedure below.
To Set the Output Level for a Warm Line Extender
1 Connect the test probe to the forward output test point.
2
Measure the output level at the highest design frequency, and compare this level
with the design level (on the design print).
3
Is the measured output level within 0.5 dB of the design level?

If the output level is within 0.5 dB of the design output level, proceed to
Balancing the Reverse Path (on page 77).

If the output level is more than the design output level, replace the forward
input pad with a higher value pad.

If the output level is less than the design output level, replace the forward
input pad with a lower value pad.
To Set the Output Level for a Cold Line Extender
After setting the tilt, complete the following steps to select the proper pad values for
the line extender. The output level of the line extender is set by selecting the proper
pad value.
Note: Using this procedure will result in a more accurate output level setting when
balancing a line extender using line extender and coax compensation mode if the
line extender has had little or no warm-up period.
Important: For the most accurate output level setting, allow the line extender to
warm up for approximately one hour and use the To Set the Output Level for a
Warm Amplifier procedure above.
1
72
Connect the test probe to the forward output test point.
Balancing the Forward Path
2
Measure the output level at the highest design frequency, and compare this level
with the design level (on the design print), minus 1 dB.
The station output level must be 1 dB lower than the output level specified by
the design print. This reduction in output level will be offset by an increase in
internal line extender gain as the thermal circuit in the line extender warms up.
3
Is the measured output level within ±0.5 dB of the design level minus 1 dB?

If the output level is within ±0.5 dB of the design output level minus 1 dB,
proceed to step 5.

If the output level is more than the design output level minus 1 dB, replace
the forward input pad with a higher value pad.

If the output level is less than the design level minus 1 dB, replace the forward
input pad with a lower value pad.
4
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the output level is correct.
5
Proceed to Balancing the Reverse Path (on page 77).
Forward Path Balancing for Manual Stations
Before you begin, make sure that you have configured the line extender module
according to the specifications in the design print, and that the line extender has
warmed up for approximately one hour.
No Switch 1 Setting for Manual Stations
A manual station is a station that has no Bode network installed. Therefore, there is
no interstage level correction, and Switch 1 has no effect on station operation.
To Determine the Output Tilt
Complete the following steps to determine the output tilt of the line extender.
1
Connect the test point adapter to the forward main output test point.
73
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
2
Consult the design print to find the proper output tilt.
3
Measure the output signal levels at the frequencies you used in To Verify the
Input Signal Level (on page 45).
4
To determine the actual output tilt, calculate the difference (in dB) between the
levels of the lowest and highest specified frequencies.
5
Proceed to the next section, To Set the Output Tilt.
To Set the Output Tilt
Equalizers (EQs) are available in 1.5 dB (equivalent) increments. A 1.5 dB change in
value changes the difference between low and high frequencies by approximately 1
dB generally, or 1.2 dB for AGC stations in manual setup mode.
 Increasing the equalizer value reduces the level at lower frequencies, relative to
the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
 Decreasing the equalizer value increases the level at lower frequencies, relative
to the level at 870 MHz/1 GHz/1.2 GHz.
Complete the following steps to select the proper forward input equalizer value.
1
Compare the calculated output tilt in step 4 of To Determine the Output Tilt
with the design tilt (on the design print).
2
Is the output tilt within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt?

74
If the output tilt is within ±0.5 dB of the design tilt, proceed to the next
section, To Set the Output Level.
Balancing the Forward Path
3

If the output tilt is more than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
lower value.

If the output tilt is less than design tilt, replace the forward input EQ with a
higher value.
Measure the output tilt again, and then return to step 1.
To Set the Output Level
After setting the tilt, complete the following steps to select the proper pad values for
the line extender. The output level of the line extender is set by selecting the proper
pad value.
1
Connect the test probe to the forward main output test point.
2
Measure the output level at the highest design frequency, and compare this level
with the design level (on the design print).
3
Is the measured output level within ±0.5 dB of the design level?

If the output level is within ±0.5 dB of the design output level, proceed to
step 5.

If the output level is more than the design output level, replace the forward
input pad with a higher value pad.

If the output level is less than the design level, replace the forward input pad
with a lower value pad.
4
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the output level is correct.
5
Proceed to Balancing the Reverse Path (on page 77).
Forward Path Balancing Using Trim Networks
This section describes the procedure to follow when installing a trim network.
A trim network allows you to adjust line extender frequency response to make it as
uniform as possible across the entire output spectrum. The trim network can be
adjusted within limits to cover a wide range of individual requirements. Type and
use factor are determined by evaluating actual system frequency response.
Refer to the frequency response plots in System Amplifier and Line Extender including
GainMaker® Products Trim Networks Installation Instructions.
To Install a Trim Network
Complete the following steps to install a trim network.
1
Open the line extender housing. Refer to To Open the Line extender Housing (on
page 15).
75
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
2
Switch the AGC to THERMAL.
3
Record the RF output levels.
Note: The trim network location is labeled SYS TRIM on the module cover.
Refer to the following illustration.
4
Remove the jumper from the system trim location.
5
Install the trim network into the system trim slot.
Note:

Be sure that all pins on the system trim bottom align with the pin holes in the
system trim slot, so the system trim installs flat against the line extender
module.

Make sure the components face the outside of the station. See the preceding
diagram for proper positioning.
6
After tuning the trim network for proper response, measure the RF output level.
7
Change the interstage pad or input pad to obtain the same RF output level as
noted in step 3.
8
Switch the AGC module to AUTO.
9
Reset the AGC for proper output levels.
10 Close the line extender housing. Refer to To Close the Line Extender Housing (on
page 40).
76
Balancing the Reverse Path
Balancing the Reverse Path
This section covers reverse RF amplifier cascade balancing. Balancing refers to the
process of individually aligning reverse amplifier gain and tilt characteristics to
achieve reverse amplifier cascades that have optimum, repeatable transmission
characteristics.
There are a variety of test equipment combinations that enable proper balancing of
the reverse path. Regardless of the type of equipment used, the balancing process is
fundamentally the same.
About Reverse Path Balancing
Balancing should be completed in the following order.
1
Balance the reverse fiber link, i.e., the path from the line extender reverse optical
transmitter to the headend or hub reverse optical receiver.
2
Balance the individual reverse amplifier cascades that combine at the node. Start
with the line extender closest to the node, and work from that point outward
towards the first reverse amplifier in each upstream cascade.
Injection of Test Signal(s)
During the balancing process, a reverse RF test signal or signals of known amplitude
are injected into the reverse RF input path of the line extender prior to the reverse
amplification circuit. The injected signals are amplified and routed out the station
reverse RF output port in the upstream direction. The injected test signals pass
through any previously balanced line extender in the reverse cascade, as well as the
reverse fiber link, and arrive at the node reverse optical receiver, which typically is
located in the headend or hub.
Monitoring and Adjusting Received Amplitude and Tilt
The amplitude and tilt associated with the received signals are monitored at the
headend or hub at an RF test point on the output of the reverse optical receiver
associated with the particular node. The received amplitude and tilt of the test
signals are compared to the desired (reference value) amplitude and tilt. Any
deviations from reference value amplitude or tilt are then minimized by altering the
(dB) value of the output pad or equalizer in the line extender being balanced. This
process is completed for each line extender in the reverse cascade, working outward
from the node.
77
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
Methods of Generating and Monitoring Test Signals
The reverse RF test signals to be injected into the reverse path of the line extender
being balanced may be generated by the following.
 Multiple CW signal (tone) generator
 Reverse sweep transmitter
The amplitude and tilt of the received test signals at the output of the reverse optical
receiver in the headend or hub may be measured and monitored using the
following.
 Spectrum analyzer (when using a CW generator for test signals)
 Signal level meter (when using a CW generator for test signals)
 Reverse sweep receiver (when using a reverse sweep transmitter for test signal)
Communicating Test Results
The variance in relative amplitude and tilt of the received signal from desired
(reference) may be relayed to the field technician via the following.
 Radio, by a second technician in the headend or hub who is monitoring a
spectrum analyzer or signal level meter
 A dedicated forward TV channel whose associated modulator has its video input
being generated by a video camera focused on the spectrum analyzer display
 An associated forward data carrier (if using a particular type of reverse sweep
system)
If a portable reverse sweep generator with built-in forward data receiver is used to
generate the reverse test signals, only one technician is required to perform the
balancing. This type of system is becoming increasingly popular due to its ease of
use.
In this case, the sweep system includes a combination reverse sweep receiver and
forward data transmitter, which is located in the headend or hub. The frequency
response characteristics of the received sweep signal, including relative amplitude
and tilt, are converted by the headend sweep receiver to a data format and
transmitted in the forward RF path as a data carrier by combining it into the forward
headend combiner.
The portable sweep generator or data receiver that is injecting the test signals into
the reverse path in the field is simultaneously receiving the incoming data carrier via
the forward RF path, and converting it back to a sweep display which represents
what is being received by the headend unit.
78
Balancing the Reverse Path
While one technician in the field can monitor the received amplitude and determine
whether it deviates from reference or not, any variation in amplitude required at the
output of the receiver in the headend would typically be accomplished by a second
technician in the headend, who is in communication with the technician in the field.
Note: When using a reverse sweep system such as this, be sure to consult the
manufacturer's guide to determine proper headend combining and to ensure proper
telemetry levels.
To Prepare the Line Extender for Reverse Path Balancing
Complete the following steps for initial reverse path balancing.
1
Balance all of the reverse amplifiers off a given reverse input port for the node
being worked on. The reverse amplifiers should be balanced sequentially from
the node outward.
Note: Make sure the reverse fiber link has been properly balanced before
proceeding.
2
Ensure that the design value reverse output equalizer and reverse pads are
installed in the appropriate reverse slots in the line extender. Refer to the
following diagram.
Note: Record the pad values for each input port for later use.
79
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
3
Proceed to To Calculate the Proper RF Signal Level (on page 80).
To Calculate the Proper RF Signal Level
In order to calculate the correct RF signal level to inject, you must know the
following.
 Design Reverse Port Input Level from the design print
 Total Injection Insertion Loss (20 dB)
To calculate the correct signal level to inject, add the total injection insertion loss to
the design port input level.
Example
 Design line extender reverse port input level = 19 dBmV
 Total injection insertion loss = 20 dB
The design line extender reverse port input level plus injection insertion loss equals
correct RF signal level to inject.
In the example shown above, 19 dBmV + 20 dB = 39 dBmV. Therefore, you would
set the signal generator output for + 39 dBmV.
Important:
 When using a CW signal generator, inject at least two carriers, one at the low end
and one at the high end of the reverse bandpass. In a reverse system with a 5
MHz to 40 MHz bandpass, the low frequency carrier should be in the 5 MHz to
10 MHz range and the high frequency carrier should be in the 35 MHz to 40
MHz range.
 The amplitude of the signal generator output can be set higher or lower than the
level specified by the calculation above, but the difference between the actual
output level and the level calculated above must be known. If the generator
output is x dB higher (or lower) than the level calculated, then the reference
(desired) level received at the headend or hub should also be x dB higher (or
lower) than the original headend reference level.
 The station reverse input pad values are selected during the reverse system
design and are based on the need to minimize variations in return path losses for
the various reverse inputs. Do not permanently alter the values of the reverse
input pads without consulting a system designer.
 In the GainMaker Line Extender, the reverse input comes after the reverse
injection point in the reverse path. Temporarily replacing the design value
reverse input pad on the port being balanced with a 0 dB pad allows the reverse
injection level and the receive levels at the monitoring end to remain constant
80
Balancing the Reverse Path
from line extender to line extender and from port to port.
An alternative to this method is to expect a receive level that is x dB lower than
normal, where x is the value of the reverse input pad on the port being balanced,
which you noted earlier in the reverse path balancing procedure.
Insert the appropriate signal amplitude into the reverse injection point. Refer to the
following illustration.
Proceed to To Complete Reverse Path Balancing (on page 81).
To Complete Reverse Path Balancing
Complete the following steps to finish the line extender setup.
1
Monitor the tilt of the signals being received at the headend or hub reverse
optical receiver RF output test point.
Note:
2

The tilt is the difference in signal level between the highest and lowest
frequencies in the reverse passband, or between the highest and lowest
frequency CW test signals.


Most systems prefer to have minimal reverse tilt (flat levels) at the headend.
To minimize tilt, change the value of the line extender reverse output
equalizer.
Monitor the amplitude (level) of the signals being received at the headend or hub
81
Chapter 3
Balancing and Setup
reverse optical receiver RF output test point.
a
Compare the received level to the reference level desired.
b If using a sweep system that is x dB below standard CW carrier levels, be
sure to consider that the receive level should also be x dB below the CW
reference level.
c
3
To adjust the receive level to make it match the desired reference level, alter
the value of the line extender reverse output pad. Each 1 dB increase in pad
value should result in a corresponding 1 dB decrease in receive level, and
each 1 dB decrease in pad value should give a 1 dB increase in receive level.
Once the proper receive level and tilt of the test signals have been achieved,
properly close the line extender housing and repeat the process at the next
reverse amplifier in the downstream cascade.
Important:
82

Reinstall design print value reverse input pads for any port whose input pad
may have been temporarily replaced with a 0 dB value pad for reverse path
balancing purposes.

Work outward from the node, and outward from each external split in the
coaxial plant, until all line extenders in the cascade have been balanced.

Repeat the process for all of the reverse amplifier cascades off any remaining
active node ports until all reverse amplifiers feeding into the node have been
balanced.
4 Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
Introduction
The 1.2 GHz GainMaker Line Extender is configured with modules
that support different functions. This modular design approach
provides the following benefits:
 The housing design has the flexibility to accept a variety of
modules.
 The modules contain few user serviceable parts. This provides ease
of troubleshooting and minimal downtime during repairs.
This chapter describes the steps you may take to troubleshoot the 1.2
GHz GainMaker Line Extender.
In This Chapter







Equipment.............................................................................................. 84
No AC Power ........................................................................................ 85
No DC Power ........................................................................................ 87
No Forward RF Signal.......................................................................... 89
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal ................................................ 90
No Reverse RF Signal ........................................................................... 92
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal ................................................. 93
83
Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
Equipment
The following equipment may be necessary to perform some troubleshooting
procedures.
 CLETOP or OPTIPOP ferrule cleaner (CLETOP Type A for SC, Type B for LC)
 Compressed air (also called “canned air”)
 Lint-free wipes moistened with optical-grade (99%) isopropyl alcohol
 Bulkhead swabs for LC or SC type connectors (choose appropriate type)
 Optical connector scope
 Optical power meter to measure light levels
 Proper fiber connector for optical power meter to make optical connections
 Digital voltmeter to measure voltages
 Spectrum analyzer or a field strength meter to measure RF levels
 Test point probe, to access test points
84
No AC Power
No AC Power
AC power can be measured at the line extender seizure screws, AC shunt power
directors, power supply harness, and AC test points.
The following diagram illustrates the AC test point locations for the 1.2 GHz
GainMaker Line Extender.
85
Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
No AC Power Troubleshooting Table
Before you begin troubleshooting for no AC power, verify that there is proper AC
power input coming into the line extender and that the AC voltage lockout threshold
is set to your system's power requirements.
Possible cause
Solution
No AC at the housing seizure.


Check the AC source.

Make sure that the housing seizure is properly
tightened.

Check and/or replace the AC shunt power
director.

Check and/or replace the line extender
module.

Check and/or replace the power supply wiring
harness.

Check and/or replace the power supply.
AC at the housing seizure but not at
the AC shunt power director.
AC at the line extender test point but
not at the power supply test point.
86
Check the AC shunt power director
configuration at the line extender feeding AC
to this line extender.
No DC Power
No DC Power
DC power can be measured at the DC power supply test points and power wiring
harness.
The following diagram illustrates the DC test point locations for the 1.2 GHz
GainMaker Line Extender.
87
Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
No DC Power Troubleshooting Table
Before you begin troubleshooting for no DC power, verify that there is proper AC
power input coming into the DC power supply and that the AC voltage lockout
threshold is set to your system's powering requirements.
Possible cause
Solution
No DC power at the power supply.


Check and/or replace the power supply.

Check and/or replace the power supply.
DC at the power supply but not at
the line extender module.
88
Check and/or replace the power wiring
harness and/or the line extender module.
No Forward RF Signal
No Forward RF Signal
The forward RF signal can be measured at the line extender module forward input
and forward output test points.
No Forward RF Signal Troubleshooting Table
Before you begin troubleshooting for no forward RF signal, verify that the line
extender is receiving the proper forward RF input signal from the upstream
equipment.
Important: You cannot balance the line extender without the proper forward RF
input signal.
Possible cause
Solution
No forward RF signal at the forward
input test point.

Verify that the line extender is receiving the
proper forward RF input signal from the
upstream equipment.
Important: You cannot balance the line
extender without the proper forward RF input
signal.
There is forward RF signal at the
forward input test point, but no
signal at one or all of the forward
output test points.

Verify that the line extender module is
receiving the proper AC and DC voltages.
Refer to No AC Power (on page 85) and No DC
Power (on page 87).

Verify that all the proper accessories, pads,
EQs, and signal directors (if applicable) are
firmly installed in the correct locations.

Verify that the factory installed accessories are
firmly installed in the correct locations.
Note: Verifying factory installations involves
removing the line extender module cover.
Reinstall the line extender module cover
properly or RF signal degradation may result.

Replace the line extender module.
89
Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal
The forward RF signal can be measured at the line extender module forward input
and forward output test points.
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal Troubleshooting Table
Before you begin troubleshooting for a low or degraded forward RF signal, verify
that the line extender is receiving the proper forward RF input signal from the
upstream equipment.
Important: You cannot balance the line extender without the proper forward RF
input signal.
Make sure you have configured the line extender module according to the
specifications in the design print, and that the line extender has warmed up for
approximately one hour.
Make sure you are using the proper tilt reference when setting levels. An 870 MHz, 1
GHz or 1.2 GHz design balanced at 550 MHz requires a corrected tilt reference to
compensate for the difference in carrier levels between 550 MHz and 870 MHz, 1
GHz or 1.2 GHz. The tilt reference at 550 MHz is lower than the tilt reference at 870
MHz, 1 GHz or 1.2 GHz. Refer to the tilt charts in Technical Information (on page 97)
for more information.
Important: If the line extender cover was ever removed, make sure it was properly
reinstalled. Improperly reinstalling the line extender module cover may result in RF
signal degradation.
Possible cause
Solution
Low or degraded forward RF signal
at the forward input test point.

Verify that the line extender is receiving the
proper forward RF input signal from the
upstream equipment.
Important: You cannot balance the line
extender without the proper forward RF input
signal.
90
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal
Possible cause
Solution
There is a proper forward RF signal
at the forward input test point, but a
low or degraded signal at one or all
of the forward output test points.

Verify that the line extender module is
receiving the proper DC voltages. Refer to No
DC Power (on page 87).

Verify that switch S1 is in the proper position
for your line extender module configuration.
Refer to Balancing and Setup (on page 41) for
more information.

Verify that all the proper accessories, pads,
EQs, and signal directors (if applicable) are
firmly installed in the correct locations.

Verify that the factory installed accessories are
firmly installed in the correct locations.
Note: Verifying factory installations involves
removing the line extender module cover.
Reinstall the line extender module cover
properly or RF signal degradation may result.

Replace the line extender module.
91
Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
No Reverse RF Signal
The reverse RF signal can be measured at the line extender module reverse input
and reverse output test points.
No Reverse RF Signal Troubleshooting Table
Before you begin troubleshooting for no reverse RF signal, verify that the line
extender is receiving the proper reverse RF input signals from the downstream line
extender at the line extender reverse input test point.
Important: You cannot balance the line extender without the proper reverse RF
input signals.
Possible cause
Solution
No reverse RF signal at the reverse
input test point.

Verify that the line extender is receiving the
proper reverse RF input signals from the
downstream line extender.
Important: You cannot balance the line
extender without the proper reverse RF input
signals.
There is a proper reverse RF signal at
the reverse input test point, but no
signal at the reverse output test
point.

Verify that the line extender module is
receiving the proper AC and DC voltages.
Refer to No AC Power (on page 85) and No DC
Power (on page 87).

Verify that the line extender module is
receiving the proper forward RF signal. Refer
to No Forward RF Signal (on page 89).

Verify that all the proper accessories, pads, and
EQs are firmly installed in the correct locations.

Verify that the factory installed accessories are
firmly installed in the correct locations.

Verify that the reverse switch (if applicable) or
its jumpers are properly and firmly installed.
Note: Verifying factory installations involves
removing the line extender module cover.
Reinstall the line extender module cover
properly or RF signal degradation may result.

92
Replace the line extender module.
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal
The reverse RF signal can be measured at the line extender module reverse input
and reverse output test points.
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal Troubleshooting Table
Before you begin troubleshooting for a low or degraded reverse RF signal, verify
that the line extender is receiving the proper reverse RF input signals from the
downstream line extender at the line extender reverse input test point.
Important! You cannot balance the line extender without the proper reverse RF
input signals.
Make sure you have configured the line extender module according to the
specifications in the design print, and that the line extender has warmed up for
approximately one hour.
Make sure you are using the proper total tilt reference when setting receive levels.
Refer to the reverse equalizer charts in Technical Information (on page 97) for more
information.
Important! If the line extender cover was ever removed, make sure it was properly
reinstalled. Improperly reinstalling the line extender module cover may result in RF
signal degradation.
Possible cause
Solution
Low or degraded reverse RF signal
at the reverse input test point.

Verify that the line extender is receiving the
proper reverse RF input signals from the
downstream line extender.
Important! You cannot balance the line
extender without the proper reverse RF input
signals.
93
Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
Possible cause
Solution
There are proper reverse RF signals
at the reverse input test point, but a
low or degraded signal at the reverse
output test point.

Verify that the line extender module is
receiving the proper DC voltages. Refer to No
DC Power (on page 87).

Measure the main reverse input test point and
the reverse output test point. Subtract the
reverse amplifier gain and add the pad values
and EQ insertion loss to verify proper reverse
amplifier gain.

Verify that all the proper accessories, pads,
EQs, and signal directors (if applicable) are
firmly installed in the correct locations.

Verify that the factory installed accessories are
firmly installed in the correct locations.

Verify that the reverse switch and its jumpers
are properly and firmly installed.
Note: Verifying factory installations involves
removing the line extender module cover.
Reinstall the line extender module cover
properly or RF signal degradation may result.
Reverse RF signal still low or
degraded.

Use a spectrum analyzer to look at the reverse
RF input signal spectral quality at each reverse
input test point and compare it to the reverse
RF output signal spectral quality.
– If degradation is generated in the reverse
amplifier, replace the reverse amplifier.
– If degradation is generated by the
downstream line extender reverse RF
signal, troubleshoot the line extender
feeding this station.

94
Replace the line extender module.
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal
5 Chapter 5
Customer Support Information
If You Have Questions
If you have technical questions, call Cisco Services for assistance.
Follow the menu options to speak with a service engineer.
Access your company's extranet site to view or order additional
technical publications. For accessing instructions, contact the
representative who handles your account. Check your extranet site
often as the information is updated frequently.
95
A
Appx auto letter
Appendix A
Technical Information
In This Appendix



“Linear” Tilt Charts .............................................................................. 98
Forward Cable Equalizer Charts ...................................................... 101
Reverse Cable Equalizer Charts ........................................................ 104
Introduction
This appendix contains tilt, forward and reverse equalizer charts and
pad values.
97
Appendix A
Technical Information
“Linear” Tilt Charts
Line Extender Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 1.2 GHz
The following chart can be used to determine the operating level at a particular
frequency considering the operating linear tilt.
Line Extender Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 1 GHz
The following chart can be used to determine the operating level at a particular
frequency considering the operating linear tilt.
98
“Linear” Tilt Charts
Example: If the line extender’s 1 GHz output level is 49.0 dBmV with a linear
operating tilt of 14.5 dB (from 50 to 1 GHz), the corresponding output level at 750
MHz would be 45.1 dBmV. This was found by taking the difference in tilt between 1
GHz and 750 MHz (14.5 – 10.6 = 3.9 dB). Then subtract the difference in tilt from the
operating level (49.0 - 3.9 = 45.1 dBmV).
Line Extender Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 870 MHz
The following chart can be used to determine the operating level at a particular
frequency considering the operating linear tilt.
Example: If the line extender’s 870 MHz output level is 47.5 dBmV with a linear
operating tilt of 12.5 dB (from 50 to 870 MHz), the corresponding output level at 650
99
Appendix A
Technical Information
MHz would be 44 dBmV. This was found by taking the difference in tilt between 870
and 650 MHz (12.5 - 9 = 3.5 dB). Then subtract the difference in tilt from the
operating level (47.5 - 3.5 = 44 dBmV).
100
Forward Cable Equalizer Charts
Forward Cable Equalizer Charts
1.2 GHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart
The following chart shows the 1.2 GHz forward cable equalizer loss.
EQ Value
Insertion Loss at (MHz)
Total Tilt
(dB)
1218
1100
1002
870
750
650
600
86
70
52
(52-1218 MHz)
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
2.1
2.2
2.2
1.2
3.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.0
3.3
3.4
3.5
2.5
4.5
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.5
4.4
4.6
4.7
3.7
6.0
1.0
1.3
1.6
2.1
2.5
2.8
3.0
5.6
5.7
5.9
4.9
7.5
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.3
2.8
3.2
3.5
6.7
6.9
7.2
6.2
9.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.6
3.2
3.7
4.0
7.9
8.1
8.4
7.4
10.5
1.0
1.6
2.1
2.9
3.6
4.2
4.5
9.0
9.3
9.6
8.6
12.0
1.0
1.7
2.3
3.1
3.9
4.6
5.0
10.2
10.5
10.8
9.8
13.5
1.0
1.8
2.4
3.4
4.3
5.1
5.5
11.3
11.7
12.1
11.1
15.0
1.0
1.9
2.6
3.6
4.6
5.5
6.0
12.5
12.9
13.3
12.3
16.5
1.0
1.9
2.8
3.9
5.0
6.0
6.5
13.7
14.0
14.5
13.5
18.0
1.0
2.0
2.9
4.2
5.4
6.4
7.0
14.8
15.2
15.8
14.8
19.5
1.0
2.1
3.1
4.4
5.7
6.9
7.5
16.0
16.4
17.0
16.0
21.0
1.0
2.2
3.2
4.7
6.1
7.3
8.0
17.1
17.6
18.2
17.2
22.5
1.5
2.8
3.9
5.5
7.0
8.3
9.0
18.8
19.3
20.0
18.5
24.0
1.5
2.9
4.1
5.7
7.3
8.8
9.5
19.9
20.5
21.2
19.7
25.5
1.5
3.0
4.2
6.0
7.7
9.2
10.0
21.1
21.7
22.4
20.9
27.0
1.5
3.0
4.4
6.3
8.1
9.7
10.5
22.2
22.8
23.6
22.1
28.5
1.5
3.1
4.5
6.5
8.4
10.1
11.0
23.4
24.0
24.9
23.4
30.0
1.5
3.2
4.7
6.8
8.8
10.6
11.5
24.5
25.2
26.1
24.6
101
Appendix A
Technical Information
1 GHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart
The following chart shows the 1 GHz forward cable equalizer loss.
102
EQ
Value
Insertion Loss at (MHz)
Total Tilt
(dB)
1000
870
750
650
600
550
86
70
52
(52-1000
MHz)
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
2.1
2.2
2.2
1.2
3.0
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
3.2
3.3
3.4
2.4
4.5
1.0
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.3
4.3
4.4
4.6
3.6
6.0
1.0
1.5
1.9
2.3
2.5
2.7
5.4
5.6
5.8
4.8
7.5
1.0
1.6
2.1
2.6
2.9
3.2
6.5
6.7
7.0
6.0
9.0
1.0
1.7
2.4
3.0
3.3
3.6
7.7
7.9
8.2
7.2
10.5
1.0
1.8
2.6
3.3
3.7
4.0
8.8
9.0
9.4
8.4
12.0
1.0
1.9
2.8
3.6
4.0
4.5
9.9
10.2
10.6
9.6
13.5
1.0
2.0
3.1
3.9
4.4
4.9
11.0
11.3
11.8
10.8
15.0
1.0
2.2
3.3
4.3
4.8
5.3
12.1
12.5
13.0
12.0
16.5
1.0
2.3
3.5
4.6
5.2
5.8
13.2
13.6
14.2
13.2
18.0
1.0
2.4
3.7
4.9
5.5
6.2
14.3
14.8
15.4
14.4
19.5
1.0
2.5
4.0
5.3
5.9
6.6
15.4
15.9
16.6
15.6
21.0
1.0
2.6
4.2
5.6
6.3
7.1
16.5
17.1
17.8
16.8
22.5
1.5
3.2
4.9
6.4
7.2
8.0
18.1
18.7
19.5
18.0
24.0
1.5
3.4
5.2
6.7
7.6
8.4
19.2
19.9
20.7
19.2
25.5
1.5
3.5
5.4
7.1
7.9
8.8
20.3
21.0
21.9
20.4
27.0
1.5
3.6
5.6
7.4
8.4
9.3
21.5
22.2
23.1
21.6
28.5
1.5
3.7
5.8
7.7
8.7
9.7
22.6
23.3
24.3
22.8
30.0
1.5
3.8
6.1
8.0
9.1
10.1
23.7
24.5
25.5
24.0
Forward Cable Equalizer Charts
870 MHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart
The following table shows the 870 MHz forward cable equalizer loss.
EQ
Value
Insertion Loss at (MHz)
Total Tilt
(dB)
870
750
600
550
450
300
216
108
52
(52-870
MHz)
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.2
3.0
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.3
2.3
4.5
1.0
1.4
1.9
2.0
2.4
3.0
3.4
4.1
4.5
3.5
6.0
1.0
1.5
2.1
2.4
2.9
3.7
4.2
5.1
5.7
4.7
7.5
1.0
1.6
2.4
2.7
3.3
4.4
5.0
6.1
6.9
5.9
9.0
1.0
1.7
2.7
3.1
3.8
5.0
5.8
7.1
8.1
7.1
10.5
1.0
1.8
3.0
3.4
4.3
5.7
6.6
8.1
9.2
8.2
12.0
1.0
2.0
3.3
3.7
4.7
6.4
7.5
9.2
10.4
9.4
13.5
1.0
2.1
3.6
4.1
5.2
7.0
8.3
10.2
11.6
10.6
15.0
1.0
2.2
3.8
4.4
5.6
7.7
9.1
11.2
12.8
11.8
16.5
1.0
2.3
4.1
4.8
6.1
8.4
9.9
12.2
13.9
12.9
18.0
1.0
2.5
4.4
5.1
6.6
9.1
10.7
13.3
15.1
14.1
19.5
1.0
2.6
4.7
5.5
7.0
9.7
11.5
14.3
16.3
15.3
21.0
1.0
2.7
5.0
5.8
7.5
10.4
12.3
15.3
17.5
16.5
22.5
1.0
2.8
5.3
6.1
8.0
11.1
13.1
16.3
18.6
17.6
24.0
1.0
2.9
5.6
6.5
8.4
11.7
13.9
17.3
19.8
18.8
25.5
1.0
3.1
5.8
6.8
8.9
12.4
14.7
18.4
21.0
20.0
27.0
1.0
3.2
6.1
7.2
9.4
13.1
15.5
19.4
22.2
21.2
103
Appendix A
Technical Information
Reverse Cable Equalizer Charts
42 MHz and 40 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart
The following table shows the 42 MHz reverse cable equalizer loss.
Note: The 42 MHz reverse equalizer also works as a 40 MHz reverse equalizer in
systems that use 5-40 MHz reverse amplifiers.
EQ
Value
EQ
Value
Insertion Loss at (MHz)
Total
Tilt
Total
Tilt
(dB) 42 (dB) 40 42
MHz
MHz
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
(5-42
MHz)
(5-40
MHz)
1
1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
0.7
0.7
2
2
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
1.3
1.3
3.1
3
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.5
3.0
2.1
2.0
4.1
4
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.6
2.7
2.6
5.1
5
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.3
3.4
3.3
6.1
6
0.9
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.3
2.8
3.4
4.1
4.9
4.0
3.9
7.2
7
0.8
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.1
3.8
4.6
5.6
4.8
4.6
8.2
8
0.8
1.0
1.5
2.1
2.7
3.4
4.2
5.1
6.2
5.4
5.2
9.2
9
0.8
1.0
1.6
2.2
2.9
3.7
4.6
5.6
6.9
6.1
5.9
10.2
10
0.8
1.0
1.7
2.4
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.1
7.5
6.7
6.5
11.3
11
0.7
1.0
1.7
2.5
3.4
4.3
5.4
6.6
8.2
7.5
7.2
12.3
12
0.7
1.0
1.8
2.7
3.6
4.6
5.8
7.1
8.9
8.2
7.9
104
Reverse Cable Equalizer Charts
55 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart
The following table shows the 55 MHz reverse cable equalizer loss.
EQ Value
Insertion Loss at (MHz)
Total Tilt
(dB)
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
(5-55 MHz)
1
1
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
0.7
2
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
1.4
3
1
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.7
3.1
2.1
4
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.8
2.8
5
1
1.2
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.4
3.9
4.5
3.5
6
1
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.4
3.9
4.5
5.2
4.2
7
1
1.3
1.7
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.3
3.8
4.4
5.1
5.9
4.9
8
1
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.3
4.9
5.7
6.7
5.7
9
1
1.4
1.9
2.3
2.9
3.4
4.0
4.7
5.4
6.2
7.4
6.4
10
1
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.1
3.7
4.3
5.1
5.9
6.8
8.1
7.1
11
1
1.5
2.1
2.6
3.3
3.9
4.7
5.5
6.4
7.4
8.8
7.8
12
1
1.6
2.2
2.8
3.5
4.2
5.0
5.9
6.9
8.0
9.5
8.5
105
Appendix A
Technical Information
65 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart
The following table shows the 65 MHz reverse cable equalizer loss.
EQ Value
Insertion Loss at (MHz)
(dB)
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
(5-65 MHz)
1
1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
0.7
2
1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.5
1.5
3
1
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.9
3.2
2.2
4
1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.5
3.9
2.9
5
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.7
4.1
4.7
3.7
6
1
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.7
4.2
4.7
5.4
4.4
7
1
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.5
2.9
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.7
5.3
6.1
5.1
8
1
1.3
1.7
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.1
4.7
5.2
5.9
6.9
5.9
9
1
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.1
5.8
6.6
7.6
6.6
10
1
1.4
1.8
2.3
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.3
4.9
5.5
6.3
7.2
8.3
7.3
11
1
1.4
1.9
2.4
2.9
3.5
4.0
4.6
5.3
6.0
6.8
7.8
9.0
8.0
12
1
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.1
3.7
4.3
5.0
5.7
6.5
7.4
8.4
9.8
8.8
106
Total Tilt
Glossary
A
A
ampere. A unit of measure for electrical current.
ac, AC
alternating current. An electric current that reverses its direction at regularly recurring
intervals.
AGC
automatic gain control. A process or means by which gain is automatically adjusted in a
specified manner as a function of input level or other specified parameters.
C
CW
continuous wave.
D
dB
decibel. One tenth of a bel, the number of decibels denoting the ratio of two amounts of
power being ten times the common logarithm of this ratio.
dBc
decibels relative to a reference carrier.
dBm
decibels relative to 1 milliwatt.
dBmV
decibels relative to 1 millivolt.
dBW
decibels relative to 1 watt.
dc, DC
direct current. An electric current flowing in one direction only and substantially constant in
107
Glossary
value.
E
EMC
electromagnetic compatibility. A measure of equipment tolerance to external electromagnetic
fields.
EQ
equalizer.
equalization
The process of compensating for an undesired result. For example, equalizing tilt in a
distribution system.
F
FCC
Federal Communications Commission. Federal organization set up by the Communications
Act of 1934 which has authority to regulate all inter-state (but not intra-state) communications
originating in the United States (radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable).
ft-lb
foot-pound. A measure of torque defined by the application of one pound of force on a lever
at a point on the lever that is one foot from the pivot point.
G
gain
A measure of the increase in signal level, relative to a reference, in an amplifier. Usually
expressed in decibels.
GHz
Gigahertz. A unit of frequency equal to one billion cycles per second.
H
Hertz
A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.
I
I/O
input/output.
in-lb
inch-pound. A measure of torque defined by the application of one pound of force on a lever
at a point on the lever that is one inch from the pivot point.
108
Glossary
L
LE
line extender.
LED
light-emitting diode. An electronic device that lights up when electricity passes through it.
M
Mbps
megabits per second. A unit of measure representing a rate of one million bits (megabits) per
second.
MHz
megahertz. A unit of measure representing one million cycles per second; measures
bandwidth.
N
N-cm
Newton centimeter
Nm
Newton meter. A measure of torque defined by the application of one Newton of force on a
lever at a point on the lever that is one meter from the pivot point. (1 Nm = 0.737561 ft-lb)
P
PWB
printed wiring board.
R
RF
radio frequency. The frequency in the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is above
the audio frequencies and below the infrared frequencies, used in radio transmission systems.
RMA
return material authorization. A form used to return products.
RX
receive or receiver.
S
S/N or SNR
signal-to-noise ratio. The ratio, in decibels, of the maximum peak-to-peak voltage of the video
signal, including synchronizing pulse, to the root-mean-square voltage of the noise. Provides
109
Glossary
a measure and indication of signal quality.
SA
system amplifier.
T
torque
A force that produces rotation or torsion. Usually expressed in lb-ft (pound-feet) or N-m
(Newton-meters). The application of one pound of force on a lever at a point on the lever that
is one foot from the pivot point would produce 1 lb-ft of torque.
TX
transmit or transmitter.
V
V
volt.
V AC
volts alternating current.
V DC
volts direct current.
W
W
watt. A measure of electrical power required to do work at the rate of one joule per second. In
a purely resistive load, 1 Watt = 1 Volt x 1 Amp.
110
Index
1
B
1 GHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart •
101, 102
Balancing and Setup • 41
4
Balancing the Reverse Path • 76
42 MHz and 40 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer
Loss Chart • 104
Before You Begin • 12
5
55 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart •
105
6
65 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart •
106
Balancing the Forward Path • 47
Block Diagrams • 9
C
Closing the Node Housing • 40
Configuration • 4
Customer Support Information • 95
CW • 107
8
D
870 MHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart •
103
dB • 107
A
dBm • 107
A • 107
dBmV • 107
About Reverse Path Balancing • 76
dBW • 107
AC Shunt Power Directors • 6
dc, DC • 107
ac, AC • 107
Description • 3
AGC • 107
Amplifier Module Cover • 13
Amplifier Output • 98, 99
Attaching the Coaxial Connectors • 24
dBc • 107
E
EMC • 108
EQ • 108
equalization • 108
111
Index
Equipment • 84
F
in-lb • 108
Input and Output Ports • 4
FCC • 108
Installation and Configuration • 11
Forward Cable Equalizer Charts • 101
Installing Accessories • 28
Forward Path Balancing for AGC Stations Using
Manual Setup Mode • 47
Forward Path Balancing for AGC Stations Using
Thermal Setup Mode • 57
Forward Path Balancing for Manual Stations •
72
Forward Path Balancing for Thermal Stations
Using Amplifier and Coax Compensation
Mode • 68
Forward Path Balancing for Thermal Stations
Using Amplifier Only Compensation Mode •
65
Forward Path Balancing Using Trim Networks •
74
ft-lb • 108
Installing the Amplifier Module • 33
Installing the Housing • 25
Installing the Power Supply • 20
Introduction • 1
L
LE • 109
LED • 109
Line Extender Accessories • 8
Line Extender Test Points • 7
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal • 90
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal
Troubleshooting Table • 90
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal • 93
G
gain • 108
GainMaker Amplifier Ordering Matrix • 6
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal
Troubleshooting Table • 93
M
GainMaker Line Extender Characteristics • 3
Manual Backoff Chart • 49
GHz • 108
Mbps • 109
H
MHz • 109
Hertz • 108
Module and Housing Compatibility • 13
Housing Dimensions • 13
N
I
N-cm • 109
I/O • 108
Nm • 109
Illustrations • 7
No AC Power • 85
112
Index
No AC Power Troubleshooting Table • 86
SA • 110
No DC Power • 87
Switch S1 Positions for AGC Stations • 43
No DC Power Troubleshooting Table • 88
Switch S1 Positions for Manual Stations • 44
No Forward RF Signal • 89
Switch S1 Positions for Thermal Stations • 44
No Forward RF Signal Troubleshooting Table •
89
T
No Reverse RF Signal • 92
No Reverse RF Signal Troubleshooting Table •
92
O
Opening the Node Housing • 15
Test Points • 4
To Align the AGC Module • 53, 61
To Calculate the Proper RF Signal Level • 79
To Close the Node Housing • 40
To Complete Reverse Path Balancing • 80
P
To Connect the Coaxial Cable Pin Connector to
the Node Housing • 24
Power Supply • 4
To Determine the Output Tilt • 51, 58, 66, 69, 72
Preparing for Forward Path Balancing • 42
To Install a Trim Network • 74
PWB • 109
To Install Attenuator Pads • 28
R
To Install Equalizers • 29
Removing and Installing AC Shunt Power
Directors • 38
To Install the Amplifier Module • 33
Removing the Amplifier Module from the
Housing • 36
To Install the Housing on a Strand (Aerial) • 25
Required Tools • 12
Reverse Cable Equalizer Charts • 104
Reverse Path Balancing, About • 76
RF • 109
RMA • 109
RX • 109
S
S/N or SNR • 109
To Install the Housing in a Pedestal • 26
To Install the New Housing Lid • 18
To Install the New Housing Seizures • 16
To Install the Power Supply Module • 20
To Install the Surge Protector • 30
To Open the Node Housing • 15
To Prepare the Amplifier for Reverse Path
Balancing • 78
To Remove and Install AC Shunt Power
Directors • 38
To Remove the Amplifier Module • 36
113
Index
To Select the AGC Pad Value • 53, 61
To Select the Forward Path Balancing Procedure
• 47
To Set Switch S1 for Amplifier and Coax
Compensation Mode • 68
To Set Switch S1 for Amplifier Only
Compensation Mode • 65
To Set Switch S1 for Thermal Setup Mode • 57
To Set the AC Undervoltage Lockout Selector •
22
To Set the Manual Backoff Level • 48
To Set the Output Level • 52, 60, 68, 71, 74
To Set the Output Tilt • 51, 59, 67, 70, 73
To Set Up Automatic Gain Control • 52, 60
To Trim the Center Conductor • 24
To Verify the Input Signal Level • 45
torque • 110
Torque Specifications • 12
Torquing Sequence • 40
Troubleshooting • 83
TX • 110
U
Understanding Switch S1 Functions • 42
Upgrading an Existing Housing Lid • 18
Upgrading Existing Housing Seizures • 16
V
V • 110
V AC • 110
V DC • 110
114
W
W • 110
Americas Headquarters
Cisco Systems, Inc.
http://www.cisco.com
170 West Tasman Drive
Tel: 408 526-4000
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
800 553-6387
USA
Fax: 408 527-0883
Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the
U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL:
www.cicso.com/go/trademarks
Third party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other
company. (1110R)
Product and service availability are subject to change without notice.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
First Published: January 2016

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