Lovibond Maxi Direct Instruction Manual
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Photometer System
axi
GB Instruction manual
Safety precautions
CAUTION
Reagents are formulated exclusively for chemical analysis and must not be used for any other purpose. Reagents must not get into the hands of children. Some of the reagents contain substances which are not entirely harmless environmentally. Be aware of the ingredients and take proper care when disposing of the test solution.
CAUTION
Please read this instruction manual before unpacking, setting up or using the photometer. Please read the method description completely before performing the test. Be aware of the risks of using the required reagents by reading the MSDS
(Material Safety Data Sheets). Failure could result in serious injury to the operator or damage to the instrument.
MSDS: www.tintometer.de
CAUTION
The accuracy of the instrument is only valid if the instrument is used in an environment with controlled electromagnetic disturbances according to DIN 61326.
Wireless devices, e.g. wireless phones, must not be used near the instrument.
Revision_2c 03/2010
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1
Table of contents
Part 1 Methods
................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Table of Methods ..................................................................................................... 8
Acid demand to pH 4.3 ................................................................................................... 12
Alkalinity-total (Alkalinity-m, m-Value) ............................................................................. 14
Alkalinity-p (p-Value) ....................................................................................................... 16
Aluminium with tablets ................................................................................................... 18
Aluminium (powder pack) ............................................................................................... 20
Ammonia with tablet ...................................................................................................... 22
Ammonia (powder pack) ................................................................................................. 24
Ammonia, low range (LR) ................................................................................................ 26
Ammonia, high range (HR) .............................................................................................. 28
Boron ............................................................................................................................. 30
Bromine .......................................................................................................................... 32
Chloramine (mono) and free ammonia ............................................................................ 34
Chloride .......................................................................................................................... 38
Chlorine .......................................................................................................................... 40
Chlorine with tablet
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 42
free Chlorine ............................................................................................................... 44
total Chlorine .............................................................................................................. 45
Chlorine with liquid reagent
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 46
free Chlorine ............................................................................................................... 48
total Chlorine .............................................................................................................. 49
Chlorine (powder pack)
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 50
free Chlorine ............................................................................................................... 52
total Chlorine .............................................................................................................. 53
Chlorine dioxide .............................................................................................................. 54
in presence of Chlorine ............................................................................................... 56
in absence of Chlorine ................................................................................................ 59
Chlorine HR (KI) .............................................................................................................. 60
COD, low range (LR) ....................................................................................................... 62
COD, middle range (MR) ................................................................................................. 64
COD, high range (HR) ..................................................................................................... 66
Colour, true and apparent ............................................................................................... 68
Copper with tablet .......................................................................................................... 70
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 71
2 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
free Copper ................................................................................................................ 72
total Copper ............................................................................................................... 73
Copper (powder pack) .................................................................................................... 74
Cyanide .......................................................................................................................... 76
Cyanuric acid .................................................................................................................. 78
DEHA T ........................................................................................................................... 80
DEHA PP ......................................................................................................................... 82
Fluoride .......................................................................................................................... 84
Hardness, Calcium with Calcheck tablet .......................................................................... 86
Hardness, Calcium with Calcio tablet .............................................................................. 88
Hardness, total ................................................................................................................ 90
Hardness, total HR .......................................................................................................... 92
Hydrazine ....................................................................................................................... 94
Hydrazine with liquid reagent ......................................................................................... 96
Hydrazine with Vacu-vials ................................................................................................ 98
Hydrogen peroxide ....................................................................................................... 100
Iodine ........................................................................................................................... 102
Iron ............................................................................................................................... 104
Iron with tablet ......................................................................................................... 106
Iron (powder pack) .................................................................................................... 108
Iron TPTZ (powder pack) ............................................................................................ 110
Manganese with tablet ................................................................................................. 112
Manganese LR (powder pack) ....................................................................................... 114
Manganese HR (powder pack) ...................................................................................... 116
Molybdate with tablet ................................................................................................... 118
Molybdate HR (powder pack) ........................................................................................ 120
Nitrate .......................................................................................................................... 122
Nitrite with tablet .......................................................................................................... 124
Nitrite LR (powder pack) ................................................................................................ 126
Nitrogen, total LR .......................................................................................................... 128
Nitrogen, total HR ......................................................................................................... 130
Oxygen, active .............................................................................................................. 132
Oxygen, dissolved ......................................................................................................... 134
Ozone ........................................................................................................................... 136
in presence of Chlorine ............................................................................................. 138
in ábsence of Chlorine .............................................................................................. 140
PHMB (Biguanide) ......................................................................................................... 142
Phosphate ..................................................................................................................... 144
Phosphate, ortho LR with tablet ................................................................................ 146
Phosphate, ortho HR with tablet ............................................................................... 148
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3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
Phosphate, ortho (powder pack) ............................................................................... 150
Phosphate, ortho (tube test) ...................................................................................... 152
Phosphate 1, ortho C ................................................................................................ 154
Phosphate 2, ortho C ................................................................................................ 156
Phosphate, hydrolyzable (tube test) ........................................................................... 158
Phosphate, total (tube test) ....................................................................................... 160
Phosphonates ............................................................................................................... 162 pH value LR with tablet ................................................................................................. 166 pH value with tablet ...................................................................................................... 168 pH value with liquid reagent ......................................................................................... 170 pH value HR with tablet ................................................................................................ 172
Potassium ..................................................................................................................... 174
Silica ............................................................................................................................. 176
Silica LR PP .................................................................................................................... 178
Silica HR PP ................................................................................................................... 180
Sodium hypochlorite ..................................................................................................... 182
Sulfate with tablet ........................................................................................................ 184
Sulfate (powder pack) ................................................................................................... 186
Sulfide .......................................................................................................................... 188
Sulfite ........................................................................................................................... 190
Suspended Solids .......................................................................................................... 192
Turbidity ....................................................................................................................... 194
Urea ............................................................................................................................. 196
Zinc .............................................................................................................................. 198
Important notes ......................................................................................... 200
Correct use of reagents ................................................................................ 200
Cleaning of vials and accessories for analysis ................................................ 201
Guidelines for photometric measurements ................................................... 201
Sample dilution techniques ........................................................................... 203
Correcting for volume additions ................................................................... 203
Part 2 Instrument Manual
....................................................................... 205
2.1 Operation ................................................................................................... 206
2.1.2
2.1.3
Saving data – Important Notes ..................................................................... 206
Replacement of batteries .............................................................................. 206
2.1.4 Instrument (explosion drawing) .................................................................... 207
4 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
Overview of function keys ....................................................................... 209
Overview ...................................................................................................... 209
Displaying time and date .............................................................................. 210
User countdown ........................................................................................... 210
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
Operation mode ........................................................................................ 211
Automatic switch off .................................................................................... 211
Selecting a method ...................................................................................... 211
2.3.2.1 Method Information (F1) .............................................................................. 211
2.3.2.2 Chemical Species Information ....................................................................... 212
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
Differentiation .............................................................................................. 212
Performing Zero ........................................................................................... 212
Performing Tests ........................................................................................... 213
Ensuring reaction periods (countdown) ......................................................... 213
2.3.7
2.3.8
Changing chemical species ........................................................................... 214
Storing results .............................................................................................. 214
2.3.9 Printing results (Infra-Red Interface Module) (optional) .................................. 215
2.3.10 Perform additional measurements ................................................................ 215
2.3.11 Selecting a new method ............................................................................... 216
2.3.12 Measure absorbance .................................................................................... 216
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.7
Photometer settings: Table of Mode Functions ...................................... 217 blank because of technical requirements
Instrument basic settings 1 ........................................................................... 218
Printing of stored results ............................................................................... 222
Recall / delete stored results.......................................................................... 227
Calibration ................................................................................................... 232
Lab function ................................................................................................. 241
User operations ............................................................................................ 242
2.4.8
2.4.9
Special functions .......................................................................................... 252
Instrument basic settings 2 ........................................................................... 254
2.4.10 Instrument special functions /service ............................................................. 254
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
Data transfer .............................................................................................. 255
Data Printing ................................................................................................ 255
Data transfer to a personal computer ........................................................... 255
Internet Updates .......................................................................................... 255
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5
Part 3 Enclosure
.............................................................................................. 257
3.1 Unpacking .................................................................................................... 258
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.7
Delivery contents .......................................................................................... 258 blank because of technical requirements
Technical data .............................................................................................. 259
Abbreviations ............................................................................................... 260
Troubleshooting ........................................................................................... 261
Operating messages in the display / error display .......................................... 261
General ........................................................................................................ 263
Declaration of CE-Conformity ....................................................................... 264
6 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Part 1
Methods
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
7
1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
No. Analysis
20 Acid demand to pH 4.3 T
30
35 Alkalinity-p T
40
50
Alkalinity, total T
Aluminium T
Aluminium PP
Reagent tablet tablet tablet tablet
Range
0.1-4
5-200
5-300
Displayed as mmol/l mg/l CaCO
3 mg/l CaCO
3
0.01-0.3
mg/l Al
PP + liquid 0.01-0.25 mg/l Al
60 Ammonia T tablet 0.02-1 mg/l N
62 Ammonia PP PP 0.01-0.8
mg/l N
65 Ammonia LR TT tube test 0.02-2.5
mg/l N
Method
[nm]
Page
Acid/Indicator 1,2,5 610 12
Acid/Indicator 1,2,5 610 14
Acid/Indicator 1,2,5 560 16
Eriochrome
Cyanine R 2
Eriochrome
Cyanine R 2
530 18
530 20
Indophenol blue 2,3 610 22
Salicylate
Salicylate
2
2
660 24
660 26
66 Ammonia HR TT tube test 1-50
85 Boron T tablet 0.1-2
80 Bromine T
63 Chloramine, mono PP
90 Chloride T tablet 0.05-13 mg/l Br
2
PP + liquid 0.04-4.50 mg/l Cl
2 tablet 0.5 -25 mg/l N mg/l B mg/l Cl
100 Chlorine T *
101 Chlorine L * tablet liquid
110 Chlorine PP * PP
120 Chlorine dioxide T tablet tablet 105 Chlorine HR
(Kl) T
130 COD LR TT
131 COD MR TT
132 COD HR TT
204 Colour tube test
0.01-6
0.02-4 mg/l Cl
2 mg/l Cl
2
0.02-2 mg/l Cl
2
0.05-11 mg/l ClO
2 mg/l O
2 tube test 0 -1500 mg/l O
2 tube test 0 -15 direct reading
5-200
0 -150
0-500 mg/l Cl g/l O
2 mg/l Pt
2
150 Copper T *
153 Copper PP
157 Cyanide tablet
PP
Powder + liquid
0.05-5
0.05-5 mg/l Cu mg/l Cu
0.01-0.5
mg/l CN
160 Cyanuric acid T tablet
165 DEHA T tablet + liquid
167 DEHA PP
170 Fluoride L
PP + liquid 20-500 liquid
2-160
20-500
0.05-2
190 Hardness,
Calcium T tablet 50-900 mg/l Cys
μg/l DEHA mg/l F mg/l CaCO
3
Salicylate 2
Azomethine
DPD 5
Indophenol
Silver nitrate/ turbidity
DPD
DPD
1,2,3
1,2,3
Dichromate/H
2
Dichromate/H
2
3
Dichromate/H
2
SO
Pt-Co-Scale 1,2
(APHA)
4
Biquinoline 4
μg/l DEHA PPST
SO
SO
Bicinchoninate
Pyridine-
4
4 barbituric acid 1
Melamine
1,2
1,2
1,2
660 28
430 30
530 32
660 34
530 38
530 40, 42
530 40, 46
DPD 1,2 530 40, 50
DPD, Glycine 1,2 530 54
KI/Acid
PPST 3
3
SPADNS
5
2
Murexide 4
530 60
430 62
610 64
610 66
430 68
560 70
560 74
580 76
530 78
560 80
560 82
580 84
560 86
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet;
L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range;
Vacu-vial ® is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
8 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
No. Analysis Reagent Range Displayed as
Method
[nm]
Page
191 Hardness,
Calcium 2T tablet
200 Hardness, total T tablet
201 Hardness, total
HR T tablet
205 Hydrazine P powder
0-500
2-50
20-500 mg/l CaCO mg/l CaCO mg/l CaCO
3
3
3
Murexide 4
Metallphthalein
Metallphthalein
3
3
560 88
560 90
560 92
206 Hydrazine L liquid
0.05-0.5
mg/l N
0.005-0.6 mg/l N
2
H
2
H
4
4
4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde 3
4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde 3
PDMAB
DPD/catalyst 5
430 94
430 96
207 Hydrazine C
210 Hydrogen peroxide
215 Iodine T
220
222
Iron T
Iron PP
Vacu-vial 0.01-0.7
mg/l N tablet tablet tablet
PP
223 Iron (TPTZ) PP PP
240 Manganese T tablet
242 Manganese
LR PP
243 Manganese
HR PP
250 Molybdate T
252 Molybdate
HR PP
265 Nitrate TT
270 Nitrite T tablet
PP tube test tablet
0.03-3
0.05-3.6
0.02-1
0.02-3
0.02-1.8
0.2-4
PP + liquid 0,1-18
1-50
0.5-66
1-30
0.01-0.5
mg/l H mg/l I mg/l Fe mg/l Fe mg/l Fe mg/l N mg/l N
2
2
H mg/l Mn
PP + liquid 0.01-0.7
mg/l Mn mg/l Mn
4
O
2 mg/l MoO mg/l MoO
4
4
DPD
PPST 3
1,10-Phenantroline 3
TPTZ
Formaldoxime
PAN
5
Periodate oxidation 2
Thioglycolate 4
430 98
530 100
530 102
560 104,106
530 104,108
580 104,110
530 112
560 114
530 116
430 118
Mercaptoacetic acid
430 120
Chromotropic acid 430 122
N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylendiamine 2,3
560 124
272 Nitrite LR PP
280 Nitrogen, total
LR TT
PP tube test
0.01-0.3
0.5-25
0.02-2
2-60
0.05-4 mg/l N mg/l N
281 Nitrogen, total
HR TT tube test 5-150 mg/l N
290
292
Oxygen, active T
Oxygen, dissolved tablet 0.1-10 mg/l O
2
Vacu-vial 10-800 μg/l O
2
300 Ozone (DPD) T tablet
70 PHMB T tablet
320 Phosphate, T ortho LR tablet mg/l O
3
Diazotization
Persulfate digestion method
Persulfate digestion method
DPD
Rhodazine D TM mg/l PHMB Buffer/Indicator mg/l PO
4
DPD/Glycine
Ammoniummolybdate 2,3
5
530 126
430 128
430 130
530 132
530 134
530 136
560 142
660 144,
146
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet;
L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range;
Vacu-vial ® is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
9
1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
No. Analysis
321 Phosphate, ortho HR T
323 Phosphate, PP ortho
329
330
332 pH-Value HR T tablet
340 Potassium T tablet
350
351
352
212 Sodium
355
360
365
370
384 Suspended
386 Turbidity
390
400 pH-Value LR T pH-Value T
331 pH-Value L
Silica T
Silica LR PP
Silica HR PP hypochlorite T
Sulfate T
Sulfate PP
Sulfide
Sulfite T
Solids
Urea T
Zinc T
Reagent tablet
PP tablet tablet liquid tablet
PP
PP tablet tablet
PP tablet tablet direct reading direct reading tablet + liquid tablet
Range
1-80
0.06-2.5
Displayed as mg/l PO mg/l PO
324 Phosphate, ortho TT
327 Phosphate 1 C, ortho
328 Phosphate 2 C, ortho
325 Phosphate, hydr. TT tube test
Vacu-vial
Vacu-vial tube test
0.06-5
5-40
0.05-5
0.02-1.6
mg/l PO mg/l PO mg/l PO mg/l P
326 Phosphate, total TT tube test
316 Phosphonate PP PP
0.02-1.1
0-125 mg/l P mg/l
4
4
4
4
4
Method
[nm]
Page
Vanandomolybdate 2
Ascorbic acid 2
430 144,
148
660 144,
150
Ascorbic acid
Vanadomolybdate 2
Stannous chloride 2
2
Acid digestion,
Ascorbic acid 2
Acid persulf digestion,
Ascorbic acid
Persulfate
UV-Oxidation
2
660 144,
152
430 144,
154
660 144,
156
660 144,
158
660 144,
160
660 162
Bromocresolpurple 5 560 166
Phenolred 5 560 168
Phenolred 5 560 170
5.2-6.8
6.5-8.4
6.5-8.4
—
—
—
8.0-9.6
0.7-12
0.05-4
0.1-1.6
1-90
0.2-16
5-100
5-100
0.04-0.5
0.1-5
0-750
— mg/l K
Thymolblue 5
Tetraphenylborate-
Turbidity 4
560 172
430 174 mg/l SiO
2 mg/l SiO
2
Silicomolybdate
Heteropolyblue
2,3
2
660 176
660 178 mg/l SiO
2
Silicomolybdate
% NaOCl Potassium iodide 5
2 430 180
530 182 mg/l SO
4
Bariumsulfate-
Turbidity
610 184 mg/l SO
4
530 186 mg/l S mg/l SO mg/l TSS
3
Bariumsulfate-
Turbidity 2
3,4 DPD/Catalyst
DTNB photometric
660 188
430 190
660 192
0-1000
0.1-2.5
0.02 -1
FAU Attenuated
Radiation Method mg/l Urea Indophenol/
Urease mg/l Zn Zincon 3
530 194
610 196
610 198
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet;
L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range;
Vacu-vial ® is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
10 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
The precision of Lovibond ® Reagent Systems (tablets, powder packs and tube tests) is identical to the precision specified in standards literature such as American Standards (AWWA), ISO etc.
Most of the data referred to in these standard methods relates to Standard Solutions.
Therefore they are not readily applicable to drinking-, boiler- or waste-water, since various interferences can have a major influence on the accuracy of the method.
For this reason we don’t state such potentially misleading data.
Due to the fact that each sample is different, the only way to check the tolerances (‘precision’) is the Standard Additions Method.
According to this method, first the original sample is tested. Then further samples (2 to 4) are taken and small amounts of a Standard Solution are added, and further results are obtained.
The amounts added range from approximately half, up to double the amount present in the sample itself.
These supplementary results make it possible to estimate the actual concentration of the original sample by comparison.
Literature
The reagent formulations are based on internationally recognised test methods. Some are described in national and/or international guidelines.
1.
2.
3.
Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; 18th Edition, 1992
Photometrische Analysenverfahren, Schwedt,
Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 1989
4.
5.
Photometrische Analyse, Lange / Vejdelek, Verlag Chemie 1980
Colorimetric Chemical Analytical Methods, 9th Edition, London
Notes for searching:
Active Oxygen
Alkalinity-m
Alkalinity, total
Biguanide
Monochloramine
Calcium Hardness
Total Hardness m-Value p-Value
Silicon dioxide total Alkalinity total Hardness
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
Langelier Saturation
Index (Water Balance)
->
Oxygen, activ
Alkalinity, total
Alkalinity, total
PHMB
Chloramine, mono
Hardness, Calcium
Hardness, total
Alkalinity, total
Alkalinity-p
Silica
Alkalinity, total
Hardness, total
Mode function 70
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
11
1.1 Methods
2 0
Acid demand to pH 4.3 with Tablet
0.1 – 4 mmol/l
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALKA-M-PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Acid demand to pH 4.3 in mmol/l.
12 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The terms total Alkalinity, Alkalinity-m, m-Value and Acid demand to pH 4.3 are
identical.
2. For accurate results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
13
14
1.1 Methods
3 0 Alkalinity, total = Alkalinity-m = m-Value with Tablet
5 – 200 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALKA-M-PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as total Alkalinity.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The terms total Alkalinity, Alkalinity-m, m-Value and Alkalinity to pH 4.3 are identical.
2. For accurate results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
3. Conversion table:
1 mg/l CaCO
3
Acid demand to pH 4.3
DIN 38 409 (K
0.02
S4.3
)
German
°dH*
0.056
*Carbonate hardness (reference = Hydrogencarbonate-anions)
Example:
10 mg/l CaCO
3
10 mg/l CaCO
3
= 10 mg/l x 0.056 = 0.56 °dH
= 10 mg/l x 0.02 = 0.2 mmol/l
4. CaCO
3
°dH
°eH
°fH
°aH
English
°eH*
0.07
French
°fH*
0.1
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
15
16
1.1 Methods
3 5 Alkalinity-p = p-value with Tablet
5 – 300 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
5. Add one ALKA-P-PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Alkalinity-p.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes
1. The terms Alkalinity-p, p-Value and Alkalinity to pH 8.2 are identical.
2. For accurate test results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
3. This method was developed from a volumetric procedure for the determination of
Alkalinity-p. Due to undefined conditions, the deviations from the standardised method may be greater.
4. Conversion table:
1 mg/l CaCO
1 °dH
1 °fH
1 °eH
3 mg/l CaCO
3
----
17.8
10.0
14.3
°dH
0.056
----
0.56
0.80
°fH
0.10
1.78
----
1.43
°eH
0.07
1.25
0.70
----
CaCO
3
°dH
°eH
°fH
°aH
5. By determining Alkalinity-p and Alkalinity-m it is possible to classify the alkalinity as
Hydroxide, Carbonate and Hydrogencarbonate.
The following differentiation is only valid if:
a) no other alkalis are present and
b) Hydroxide und Hydrogen are not present in the same water sample.
If condition b) is not fulfilled please get additional information from ”Deutsche
Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung, D 8”.
Case 1: Alkalinity-p = 0
Hydrogen carbonate = m
Carbonate = 0
Hydroxide = 0
Case 2: Alkalinity-p > 0 and Alkalinity-m > 2p
Hydrogen carbonate = m – 2p
Carbonate = 2p
Hydroxide = 0
Case 3: Alkalinity-p > 0 and Alkalinity-m < 2p
Hydrogen carbonate = 0
Carbonate = 2m – 2p
Hydroxide = 2p – m
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
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18
1.1 Methods
4 0 Aluminium with Tablet
0.01 – 0.3 mg/l Al
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALUMINIUM No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod (dissolve the tablet).
6. Add one ALUMINIUM No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Aluminium.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Before use, clean the vials and the measuring beaker with Hydrochloric acid
(approx. 20%). Rinse them thoroughly with deionised water.
2. To get accurate results the sample temperature must be between 20°C and 25°C.
3. A low test result may be given in the presence of Fluorides and Polyphosphates.
The effect of this is generally insignificant unless the water has fluoride added artificially.
In this case, the following table should be used:
Fluoride
[mg/l F]
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.5
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.09
Displayed value: Aluminium [mg/l Al]
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.11
0.16
0.21
0.27
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.20
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.29
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.37
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.36
0.48
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.45
---
Example: If the result of Aluminium determination is 0.15 mg/l Al and the Fluoride concentration is known to be 0.4 mg/l F, the true concentration of Aluminium is
0.17 mg/l Al.
4. Al
Al
2
O
3
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
19
20
1.1 Methods
5 0
Aluminium with Vario Powder Pack
0.01 – 0.25 mg/l Al
Countdown 1
0:30
start:
1
3
Countdown 2
5:00
start:
2
4
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing.
1. Fill 20 ml of the water sample in a 100 ml beaker.
2. Add the contents of one Vario Aluminum ECR F20
Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
3. Dissolve the powder using a clean stirring rod.
4. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 30 seconds.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
5. Add the contents of one Vario Hexamine F20 Powder
Pack straight from the foil to the same water sample.
6. Dissolve the powder using a clean stirring rod.
7. Add 1 drop of Vario Aluminum ECR Masking
Reagent in the vial marked as blank.
8. Add 10 ml of the prepared water sample to the vial (this is the blank).
9. Add the remaining 10 ml of the prepared water sample in the second clean vial (this is the sample).
10. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
11. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
prepare Zero
press ZERO
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
12. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
13. Press ZERO key.
14. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
15. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
16. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Aluminium.
Notes:
1. Before use, clean the vials and the measuring beaker with Hydrochloric acid
(approx. 20%). Rinse them thoroughly with deionised water.
2. To get accurate results the sample temperature must be between 20°C and 25°C.
3. A low test result may be given in the presence of Fluorides and Polyphosphates.
The effect of this is generally insignificant unless the water has fluoride added artificially.
In this case, the following table should be used:
Fluoride
[mg/l F]
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.5
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.09
Displayed value: Aluminium [mg/l Al]
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.20
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.29
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.37
0.25
0.27
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.36
0.48
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.45
---
Example: If the result of Aluminium determination is 0.15 mg/l Al and the Fluoride concentration is known to be 0.4 mg/l F, the true concentration of Aluminium is
0.17 mg/l Al.
4. Al
Al
2
O
3
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
21
1.1 Methods
6 0
Ammonia with Tablet
0.02 – 1 mg/l N
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one AMMONIA No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add one AMMONIA No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ammonia as N.
22 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
2. The AMMONIA No. 1 tablet will only dissolve completely after the AMMONIA No. 2
tablet has been added.
3. The temperature of the sample is important for full colour development.
At a temperature below 20°C the reaction period is 15 minutes.
4. Sea water samples:
Ammonia conditioning reagent is required when testing sea water or brackish water
samples to prevent precipitation of salts.
Fill the test tube with the sample to the 10 ml mark and add one level spoonful of
Conditioning Powder. Mix to dissolve, then continue as described in the test instructions.
5. Conversion:
mg/l NH
4
mg/l NH
3
= mg/l N x 1.29
= mg/l N x 1.22
6. N
NH
4
NH
3
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
23
Countdown 1
3:00
start:
Countdown 2
15:00
start:
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
24
1.1 Methods
6 2
Ammonia with Vario Powder Pack
0.01 – 0.8 mg/l N
1
3
2
4
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing.
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Fill the other clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Salicylate
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to each vial.
4. Close the vials with the caps and shake to mix the contents.
5. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
6. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Cyanurate
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to each sample.
7. Close the vials tightly with the caps and shake to mix the contents.
8. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 15 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
9. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press ZERO key.
11. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
12. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ammonia as N.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Extremely basic or acidic water samples should be adjusted with 0.5 mol/l (1 N) Sulfuric
acid solution or 1 mol/l (1 N) Sodium hydroxide solution to pH 7.
2. Interferences:
Interfering substance Interference levels and treatments
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Nitrate
Nitrite
Phosphate
Sulfate
Sulfide
Glycine, Hydrazine,
Colour, Turbidity greater than 1000 mg/l CaCO
3
Interferes at all levels. Correct as follows: a) determine the concentration of iron present in the
sample by performing a total Iron test b) add the same iron concentration as determined
to the deionised water (step 1).
The interference will be blanked out successfully.
greater than 6000 mg/l CaCO
3 greater than 100 mg/l NO
3
-N greater than 12 mg/l NO
2
-N greater than 100 mg/l PO
4
-P greater than 300 mg/l SO
4 intensifies the colour
Less common interferences such as Hydrazine and
Glycine will cause intensified colours in the prepared sample. Turbidity and colour will give erroneous high values. Samples with severe interferences require distillation.
3. N
NH
4
NH
3
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
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26
1.1 Methods
6 5 Ammonia LR with Vario Tube Test
0.02 – 2.5 mg/l N
1
3
Countdown 1
20:00
start:
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Ø 16 mm
2
4
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 2 ml deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add
2 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Salicylate
F5 Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
4. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Cyanurate
F5 Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
5. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to dissolve the powder.
6. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 20 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
7. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
8. Press ZERO key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
10. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
11. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ammonia as N.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted to approx. pH 7 before analysis
(use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. If chlorine is known to be present, add one drop of 0.1 mol/l Sodium thiosulfate for
each 0.3 mg/l Cl in a one litre water sample.
2
3. Iron interferes with the test. The interferences will be eliminated as follows:
Determine the amount of total iron present in the water sample. To produce the blank
add an iron standard solution with the same iron concentration to the vial (point 1)
instead of deionised water
4. Conversion:
mg/l NH = mg/l N x 1.29
mg/l NH
4
3
= mg/l N x 1.22
5. N
NH
4
NH
3
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
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28
1.1 Methods
6 6
Ammonia HR with Vario Tube Test
1 – 50 mg/l N
1
3
Countdown 1
20:00
start:
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Ø 16 mm
2
4
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 0.1 ml deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add
0.1 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Salicylate
F5 Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
4. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Cyanurate
F5 Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
5. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to dissolve the powder.
6. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 20 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
7. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
8. Press ZERO key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
10. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
11. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ammonia as N.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted to approx. pH 7 before analysis
(use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. If chlorine is known to be present, add one drop of 0.1 mol/l Sodium thiosulfate for each
0.3 mg/l Cl
2
in a one litre water sample.
3. Iron interferes with the test. The interferences will be eliminated as follows:
Determine the amount of total iron present in the water sample. Add an iron standard
solution with the same concentration to the vial (point 1) instead of deionised water to
produce the blank.
4. Conversion:
mg/l NH
mg/l NH
4
3
= mg/l N x 1.29
= mg/l N x 1.22
5. N
NH
4
NH
3
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
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30
1.1 Methods
8 5
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
20:00
Boron with Tablet
0.1 – 2 mg/l B
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one BORON No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablet.
6. Add one BORON No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 20 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Boron.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The tablets must added in the correct sequence.
2. The sample solution should have a pH value between 6 and 7.
3. Interferences are prevented by the presence of EDTA in the tablets.
4. The rate of colour development depends on the temperature. The temperature of the
sample must be 20°C ± 1°C.
5. B
H
3
BO
3
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
31
32
1.1 Methods
8 0 Bromine with Tablet
0.05 – 13 mg/l Br
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Bromine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Vial cleaning:
As many household cleaners (e.g. dishwasher detergent) contain reducing substances,
the subsequent determination of Bromine may show lower results. To avoid any
measurement errors, only use glassware free of Chlorine demand.
Preparation: Put all applicable glassware into Sodium hypochlorite solution (0.1 g/l) for
one hour, then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionised water.
2. Preparing the sample:
When preparing the sample, the lost of Bromine, e.g. by pipetting or shaking,
must be avoided. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the sample.
3. The DPD colour development is carried out at a pH value of 6.2 to 6.5. The reagent
tablet therefore contains a buffer for the pH adjustment. Strong alkaline or acidic water
samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7 before the reagent is added
(use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
4. Exceeding the measuring range:
Concentrations above 22 mg/l Bromine can lead to results showing 0 mg/l.
In this case, the water sample must be diluted with water free of Bromine.
10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement
repeated.
Oxidising agents such as Chlorine, Ozone etc. interfere as they react in the same way
as Bromine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
33
34
1.1 Methods
6 3
Chloramine (Mono) and Free
Ammonia with Vario Powder Pack and Liquid Reagent
0.04 – 4.50 mg/l Cl
2
Chloramine (Mono)
>> with NH4 without NH4
The following selection is shown in the display:
>> with NH4 for the determination of Monochloramine and free Ammonia
>> without NH4 for the determination of Monochloramine
Select the desired determination with the arrow keys [ ] and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
Notes:
1. Full colour development – temperature
The reaction periods indicated in the manual refer to a sample temperature between
18° and 20°C. Due to the fact that the reaction period is strongly influenced by sample
temperature, you have to adjust both reaction periods according to the following table:
Reaction period in min Sample temperature in °C
5
10
16
20
23
25
10
8
6
5
2.5
2
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
6 3
Chloramine (Mono) with Vario Powder Pack
0.04 – 4.50 mg/l Cl
2
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
1 2
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Monochlor F RGT
Powder Pack straight from the foil into the water sample.
3 4
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Monochloramine.
mg/l Cl
2 mg/l NH
2
mg/l N
Cl
Notes: see previous page
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
35
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare T1
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
36
1.1 Methods
6 3
Chloramine (Mono) and Free
Ammonia with Vario Powder Pack and Liquid Reagent
0.04 – 4.50 mg/l Cl
2
0.01 – 0.50 mg/l NH
4
-N
1
3
2
4
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as the chloramine vial, the other as the ammonia vial.
1. Fill both vials (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the chloramine vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Monochlor F RGT
Powder Pack straight from the foil into the chloramine vial.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Add 1 drop of Vario Free Ammonia Reagent Solution into the ammonia vial (Note 1).
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and invert several times to mix the contents.
9. Place the chloramine vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
11. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
12. Add the contents of one Vario Monochlor F RGT
Powder Pack straight from the foil into the ammonia vial.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
T1 accepted
prepare T2
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
*,** mg/l Cl2
*,** mg/l NH2Cl
*,** mg/l N [NH2Cl]
*,** mg/l N [NH4]
13. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
14. Place the ammonia vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
15. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Monochloramine and mg/l free Ammonia.
The reading of Monochloramine is shown as:
mg/l Cl
2 mg/l NH
2
mg/l N
Cl
The reading of Ammonia is shown as N.
Conversion: mg/l NH
4 mg/l NH
3
= mg/l N · 1.29
= mg/l N · 1.22
Notes:
1. Hold the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly.
2. To determine the ammonia concentration the difference between the chloramine (T1)
and the sum of chloramine and ammonia (T2) is calculated. If T2 exceeds the range limit
the following message is displayed:
NH
2
Cl + NH
4
> 0.5 mg/l
In this case the sample has to be diluted and the measurement repeated.
3. see also page 34
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
37
38
1.1 Methods
9 0
Chloride with Tablet
0.5 – 25 mg/l Cl
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CHLORIDE T1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample, crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablet.
6. Add one CHLORIDE T2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times until the tablet is dissolved (Note 1).
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Chloride.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Ensure that all particles of the tablet are dissolved – Chloride causes an extremely fine
distributed turbidity with a milky appearance.
Heavy shaking leads to bigger sized particles which can cause false readings .
2. High concentrations of electrolytes and organic compounds have different effects on the
precipitation reaction.
3. Ions which also form deposits with Silver nitrate in acidic media, such as Bromides,
Iodides and Thiocyanates, interfere with the analysis.
4. Highly alkaline water should - if necessary - be neutralised using Nitric acid before
analysis.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
39
40
1.1 Methods
1 0 0
Chlorine with Tablet
0.01 – 6 mg/l Cl
2
1
1
0 1
Chlorine with Liquid Reagent
0.02 - 4 mg/l Cl
2
1 0
Chlorine with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 - 2 mg/l Cl
2
Chlorine
>> diff free total
>> diff
>> free
>> total
The following selection is shown in the display: for the differentiated determination of free, combined and total Chlorine.
for the determination of free Chlorine.
for the determination of total Chlorine.
Select the desired determination with the arrow keys [ ] and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Vial cleaning:
As many household cleaners (e.g. dishwasher detergent) contain reducing substances,
the subsequent determination of Chlorine may show lower results. To avoid any
measurement errors, only use glassware free of Chlorine demand.
Preparation: Put all applicable glassware into Sodium hypochlorite solution (0.1 g/l) for
one hour, then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionised water.
2. For individual testing of free and total Chlorine, the use of different sets of glassware is
recommended (EN ISO 7393-2, 5.3)
3. Preparing the sample:
When preparing the sample, the lost of Chlorine, e.g. by pipetting or shaking,
must be avoided. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the sample.
4. The DPD colour development is carried out at a pH value of 6.2 to 6.5. The reagents
therefore contain a buffer for the pH adjustment.
Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7
before the reagent is added (use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
5. Exceeding the measuring range:
Concentrations above:
10 mg/l Chlorine using tablets
4 mg/l Chlorine using liquid reagents
2 mg/l using powder packs
can lead to results showing 0 mg/l. In this case, the water sample must be diluted with
water free of Chlorine. 10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent
and the measurement repeated.
6. Turbidity (can lead to errors):
The use of the DPD No. 1 tablet (method 100) in samples with high Calcium ion
contents* and/or high conductivity* can lead to turbidity of the sample and therefore
incorrect measurements. In this case, the reagent tablet DPD No. 1 High Calcium
should be used as an alternative. Even if turbidity does occur after the DPD No. 3
tablet has been added, this can be prevented by using the DPD No. 1 HIGH CALCIUM
tablet.
* it is not possible to give exact values, because the development of turbidity depends
on the nature of the sample.
7. If ??? is displayed at a differentiated test result see page 262.
Oxidizing agents such as Bromine, Ozone etc. interfere as they react in the same way as
Chlorine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
41
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare T1
press TEST
42
1.1 Methods
1 0 0
Chlorine, differentiated determination with Tablet
0.01 – 6 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
10. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
11. Add one DPD No. 3 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
12. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
T1 accepted
prepare T2
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
*,** mg/l free Cl
*,** mg/l comb Cl
*,** mg/l total Cl
13. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
14. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in: mg/l free Chlorine mg/l combined Chlorine mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
See page 41
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
43
44
1.1 Methods
1 0
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
0 Chlorine, free with Tablet
0.01 – 6 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l free Chlorine.
Notes:
See page 41
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1 0
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
0 Chlorine, total with Tablet
0.01 – 6 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet and one DPD No. 3 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total
Chlorine.
Notes:
See page 41
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
45
46
1.1 Methods
1 0 1
Chlorine, differentiated determination with Liquid Reagent
0.02 – 4 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare T1
press TEST
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty the vial .
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops of DPD 1 buffer solution
2 drops of DPD 1 reagent solution
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
10. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
11. Add 3 drops of DPD 3 solution to the same water sample.
12. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
T1 accepted
prepare T2
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
13. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
14. Press TEST
Wait for a
key. reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
*,** mg/l free Cl
*,** mg/l comb. Cl
*,** mg/l total Cl
The result is shown in the display in: mg/l free Chlorine mg/l combined Chlorine mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
1. After use replace the bottle caps securely noting the colour coding.
2. Store the reagent bottles in a cool, dry place ideally between 6°C and 10°C .
3. Also see page 41
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
47
1.1 Methods
1 0 1
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Chlorine, free with Liquid Reagent
0.02 – 4 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty the vial .
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops of DPD 1 buffer solution
2 drops of DPD 1 reagent solution
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l free Chlorine.
Notes (free and total Chlorine):
1. After use replace the bottle caps securely noting the colour coding.
2. Store the reagent bottles in a cool, dry place ideally between 6°C and 10°C.
3. Also see page 41
48 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1 0 1
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
Chlorine, total with Liquid Reagent
0.02 – 4 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty the vial .
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops of DPD 1 buffer solution
2 drops of DPD 1 reagent solution
3 drops of DPD 3 solution
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total
Chlorine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
49
50
1.1 Methods
1 1
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare T1
press TEST
2
4
0
Chlorine, differentiated determination with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 2 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Chlorine FREE-DPD/
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber, empty the vial, rinse vial and cap several times and then fill the vial with 10 ml of the water sample .
10. Add the contents of one VARIO Chlorine TOTAL-DPD /
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
11. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
T1 accepted
prepare T2
press TEST
Countdown
3:00
*,** mg/l free Cl
*,** mg/l comb. Cl
*,** mg/l total Cl
12. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in: mg/l free Chlorine mg/l combined Chlorine mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
See page 41
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
51
52
1.1 Methods
1 1
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2
4
0 Chlorine, free with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 2 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Chlorine FREE-DPD /
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l free
Chlorine.
Notes:
See page 41
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1 1
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
3:00
2
4
0 Chlorine, total with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 2 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Chlorine TOTAL-DPD /
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total
Chlorine.
Notes:
See page 41
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
53
1.1 Methods
1 2 0
Chlorine dioxide with Tablet
0.05 – 11 mg/l ClO
2
Chlorine dioxide
>> with Cl without Cl
>> with Cl
The following selection is shown in the display: for the determination of Chlorine dioxide in the presence of Chlorine.
>> without Cl for the determination of Chlorine dioxide in the absence of Chlorine.
Select the desired determination with the arrow keys
[ ] and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
54 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Vial cleaning:
As many household cleaners (e.g. dishwasher detergent) contain reducing substances,
the subsequent determination of Chlorine dioxide may show lower results. To avoid
any measurement errors, only use glassware free of Chlorine demand.
Preparation: Put all applicable glassware into Sodium hypochlorite solution (0.1 g/l) for
one hour, then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionised water.
2. Preparing the sample:
When preparing the sample, the lost of Chlorine dioxide, e.g. by pipetting or
shaking, must be avoided. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the
sample.
3. The DPD colour development is carried out at a pH value of 6.2 to 6.5. The reagent
tablet therefore contains a buffer for the pH adjustment.
Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7
before the tablet is added (use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
4. Exceeding the measuring range:
Concentrations above 19 mg/l Chlorine dioxide can lead to results showing 0 mg/l.
In this case, the water sample must be diluted with water free of Chlorine dioxide.
10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement
repeated.
5. If ??? is displayed at a differentiated test result see page 262.
Oxidising agents such as Chlorine, Ozone etc. interfere as they react in the same way as
Chlorine dioxide.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
55
1.1 Methods
1 2 0
Chlorine dioxide in the presence of Chlorine with Tablet
0.05 – 11 mg/l ClO
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare T1
press TEST
56
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Fill a second clean vial with 10 ml of the water sample.
7. Add one GLYCINE tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
9. Transfer the contents of the second vial into the prepared vial.
10. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
11. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
12. Press TEST key.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
T1 accepted
prepare T2
press TEST
T2 accepted
prepare T3
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
*,** mg/l ClO
2
*,** mg/l ClO
2
[Cl]
*,** mg/l free Cl
*,** mg/l comb. Cl
*,** mg/l total Cl
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
13. Remove the vial from the sample chamber, empty the vial, rinse vial and cap several times. Fill with a few drops of the water sample .
14. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
15. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
16. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
17. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
18. Press TEST key.
19. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
20. Add one DPD No. 3 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
21. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
22. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
23. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in: as Chlorine dioxide in mg/l Chlorine, or as Chlorine dioxide in mg/l ClO
2
.
mg/l free Chlorine mg/l combined Chlorine mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
See next page.
57
1.1 Methods
Notes: (Chlorine dioxide in the presence of Chlorine)
1. The conversion factor to convert Chlorine dioxide as Chlorine to Chlorine dioxide as ClO
2
is approximately 0.4 (more exactly 0.38).
mg/l ClO
2
ClO
2
= mg/l ClO
[Cl]
2
[Cl] x 0.38
ClO
2
(Chlorine dioxide displayed as Chlorine units ClO
poolwater treatment according to DIN 19643.)
2
[Cl] has its origin in swimming
2. The total Chlorine result given includes the contribution of the Chlorine dioxide (as
Chlorine) reading. For true total Chlorine value subtract the Chlorine dioxide (as
Chlorine) reading from the quoted total Chlorine reading.
3. Also see page 55.
58 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1 2 0
Chlorine dioxide in absence of Chlorine with Tablet
0.05 – 11 mg/l ClO
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
*,** mg/l ClO
2
[Cl]
*,** mg/l ClO
2
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Chlorine dioxide in mg/l Chlorine, or as Chlorine dioxide in mg/l ClO
2
.
Notes:
See page 55
59
60
1.1 Methods
1 0 5
Chlorine HR (Kl) with Tablet
5 – 200 mg/l Cl
2
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Ø 16 mm
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
1. Fill a clean vial (16 mm Ø) with 8 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CHLORINE HR (KI) tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add one ACIDIFYING GP tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Chlorine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Oxidizing agents interfere as they react in the same way as Chlorine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
61
62
1.1 Methods
1 3 0
COD LR with Vario Tube Test
0 – 150 mg/l O
2
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Ø 16 mm
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 2 ml deionised water (this is the blank (Note 1)).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add
2 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Close the vials with the cap tightly. Invert the vial gently several times to mix the contents.
(CAUTION: The vial will become hot during mixing!)
4. Heat the vials for 120 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 150°C .
5. (CAUTION: The vials are hot!)
Remove the tubes from the heating block and allow them to cool to 60°C or less. Mix the contents by carefully inverting each tube several times while still warm.
Then allow the tubes to cool to ambient temperature before measuring. (Note 2).
6. Place the vial (the blank (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
7. Press ZERO key.
8. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
9. Place the vial (the sample (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l COD.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Run samples and blanks with the same batch of vials. The blank is stable when stored in
the dark and can be used for further measurements with vials of the same batch.
2. Do not place the hot vials in the sample chamber. Cool the vials to room temperature for
final measurements.
3. Suspended solids in the vial lead to incorrect measurements. For this reason it is
important to place the vials carefully in the sample chamber. The precipitate at the
bottom of the sample should be not suspended.
4. Clean the outside of the vials with a towel. Finger prints or other marks will be removed.
5. Samples can be measured when the Chloride content does not exceed 1000 mg/l.
6. In exceptional cases, compounds contained in the water cannot be oxidized adequately,
so results may be lower than reference methods.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
63
64
1.1 Methods
1 3 1
COD MR with Vario Tube Test
0 – 1500 mg/l O
2
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Ø 16 mm
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 2 ml deionised water (this is the blank (Note 1)).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add
2 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Close the vials with the cap tightly. Invert the vial gently several times to mix the contents.
(CAUTION: The vial will become hot during mixing!)
4. Heat the vials for 120 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 150°C .
5.
(CAUTION: The vials are hot!)
Remove the tubes from the heating block and allow them to cool to 60°C or less. Mix the contents by carefully inverting each tube several times while still warm.
Then allow the tubes to cool to ambient temperature before measuring. (Note 2).
6. Place the vial (the blank (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
7. Press ZERO key.
8. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
9. Place the vial (the sample (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l COD.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Run samples and blanks with the same batch of vials. The blank is stable when stored in
the dark and can be used for further measurements with vials of the same batch.
2. Do not place the hot vials in the sample chamber. Cool the vials to room temperature for
final measurements.
3. Suspended solids in the vial lead to incorrect measurements. For this reason it is
important to place the vials carefully in the sample chamber. The precipitate at the
bottom of the sample should be not suspended.
4. Clean the outside of the vials with a towel. Finger prints or other marks will be removed.
5. Samples can be measured when the Chloride content does not exceed 1000 mg/l.
6. In exceptional cases, compounds contained in the water cannot be oxidized adequately,
so results may be lower than reference methods.
7. For samples under 100 mg/l COD it is recommended to repeat the test with the tube
test for COD LR.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
65
66
1.1 Methods
1 3
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Ø 16 mm
2
COD HR with Vario Tube Test
0 – 15 g/l O
2
(= 0 – 15 000 mg/l O
2
)
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 0.2 ml deionised water (this is the blank (Note 1)).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add
0.2 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Close the vials with the cap tightly. Invert the vial gently several times to mix the contents.
(CAUTION: The vial will become hot during mixing!)
4. Heat the vials for 120 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 150°C .
5. (CAUTION: The vials are hot!)
Remove the tubes from the heating block and allow them to cool to 60°C or less. Mix the contents by carefully inverting each tube several times while still warm.
Then allow the tubes to cool to ambient temperature before measuring. (Note 2).
6. Place the vial (the blank (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
7. Press ZERO key.
8. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
9. Place the vial (the sample (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in g/l COD.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Run samples and blanks with the same batch of vials. The blank is stable when stored in
the dark and can be used for further measurements with vials of the same batch.
2. Do not place the hot vials in the sample chamber. Cool the vials to room temperature for
final measurements.
3. Suspended solids in the vial lead to incorrect measurements. For this reason it is
important to place the vials carefully in the sample chamber. The precipitate at the
bottom of the sample should be not suspended.
4. Clean the outside of the vials with a towel. Finger prints or other marks will be removed.
5. Samples can be measured when the Chloride content does not exceed 10 000 mg/l.
6. In exceptional cases, compounds contained in the water cannot be oxidized adequately,
so results may be lower than reference methods.
7. For samples under 1 g/l COD it is recommended to repeat the test with the test kit for
COD MR or for samples under 0,1 g/l COD with the tube test COD LR.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
67
68
1.1 Methods
2 0 4
Colour, true and apparent
(APHA Platinum-Cobalt
Standard Method)
0 – 500 Pt-Co units (mg/l Pt)
Sample preparation (Note 4):
Step A
Filter approx. 50 ml deionised water through a membrane filter with a pore width of 0.45 μm. and keep it for zeroing.
Discard the filtrate. Filter another 50 ml deionised water
Step B
Filter approx. 50 ml water sample using the same filter.
Keep this filtrate for sample measurement.
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the filtrated deionised water (from Step A), close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it completely.
5. Rinse the vial with the filtrated water sample and fill with 10 ml filtrated water sample (from Step B).
6. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
7. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in Pt-Co units (mg/l Pt).
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. This colour scale was originally developed by A. Hazen as a visual comparison scale.
It is therefore necessary to ascertain whether the extinction maximum of the water
sample is in the range from 420 to 470 nm, as this method is only suitable for water
samples with yellowish to yellowish-brown coloration. Where applicable, a decision
should be made based on visual inspection of the water sample.
2. This method 204 – Hazen – is calibrated on the basis of the standards specified by
”Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” (also see EN ISO
7887:1994).
1 Pt-Co colour unit = 1 mg/L of platinum as chloroplatinate ion
3. The estimated detection limit is 15 mg/L Pt.
4. Colour may be expressed as “apparent” or “true” colour. The apparent colour is defined
as the colour of a solution due to dissolved substances and suspended particles in the
sample. This manual describes the determination of true colour by filtration of the water
sample. To determine the apparent colour, non-filtrated deionised water and sample are
measured.
5. Sample collection, preservation and storage:
Pour the water sample into clean glass or plastic containers and analyse as soon as
possible after the sample is taken. If this is not possible, fill the container right up to the
top and seal tightly. Do not stir the sample; avoid lengthy contact with the air.
The sample may be stored in a dark place at a temperature of 4°C for 24 hours. Before
performing measurements, the water sample must be brought up to room temperature.
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69
1.1 Methods
1 5 0
Copper with Tablet
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
Copper
>> diff free total
The following selection is shown in the display:
>> diff
>> free
>> total for the differentiated determination of free, combined and total Copper.
for the determination of free Copper.
for the determination of total Copper.
Select the desired determination with the arrow keys
[ ] and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
Note:
1. If ??? is displayed at the diffentiated test result see page 262.
70 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1 5 0
Copper, differentiated determination with Tablet
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare T1
press TEST
T1 accepted
prepare T2
press TEST
*,** mg/l free Cu
*,** mg/l comb Cu
*,** mg/l total Cu
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one COPPER No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
10. Add one COPPER No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
11. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
12. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in: mg/l free Copper mg/l combined Copper mg/l total Copper
71
72
1.1 Methods
1 5 0
Copper, free with Tablet
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one COPPER No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l free Copper.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1 5 0
Copper, total with Tablet
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one COPPER No. 1 tablet and one COPPER
No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total Copper.
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74
1.1 Methods
1 5 3 Copper, free (Note 1) with Vario Powder Pack
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
2
4
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Cu 1 F10 Powder
Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (Note 3).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Copper
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. For determination of total Copper digestion is required.
2. Extremely acid water samples (pH 2 or less) must be adjusted between pH 4 and
pH 6 before the reagent is added (with 8 mol/l Potassium hydroxide solution KOH).
Caution: pH values above 6 can lead to Copper precipitation.
3. Accuracy is not affected by undissolved powder.
4. Interferences:
Cyanide, CN Cyanide prevents full colour development.
Add 0.2 ml Formaldehyde to 10 ml water sample and wait for a reaction time of 4 minutes (Cyanide is masked). After this perform test as described. Multiply the result by 1.02 to correct the sample dilution by Formaldehyde.
Silver, Ag + If a turbidity remains and turns black, silver interference is likely.
Add 10 drops of saturated Potassium chloride solution to 75 ml of water sample. Filtrate through a fine filter. Use 10 ml of the filtered water sample to perform test.
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75
1.1 Methods
1 5 7
Cyanide with Reagent Test
0.01 – 0.5 mg/l CN
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 2 ml of the water sample and 8 ml of deionised water , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add two level spoons No. 4 (grey) of Cyanide-11 into the prepared water sample, replace the cap tightly and invert the vial several times to mix the contents.
6. Add two level spoons No. 4 (grey) of Cyanide-12 , replace the cap tightly and invert the vial several times to mix the contents.
7. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
3 drops of Cyanide-13
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and invert several times to mix the contents.
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Cyanide.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Only free Cyanide and Cyanides that can be destroyed by Chlorine are determined by
this test.
2. In the present of Thiocyanate, heavy metal complexes, colorants or aromatic amines, the
cyanide must be separated out by distillation before analysis is performed.
3. Store the reagents in closed containers at a temperature of + 15°C to + 25°C.
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1.1 Methods
1 6 0
Cyanuric acid with Tablet
2 – 160 mg/l Cys
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 5 ml of the water sample and 5 ml deionised water (Note 1) , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CYANURIC ACID tablet straight from the foil to the prepared water sample and crush the tab- let using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved (Note 2, 3).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Cyanuric acid.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Use deionised water or tap water free of Cyanuric acid.
2. If Cyanuric acid is present a cloudy solution will occur.
Small single particles are not necessarily caused by Cyanuric acid.
3. Dissolve the tablet completely (therefore swirl the vial approx. 1 minute).
Un-dissolved particles of the tablet can cause results that are too high.
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1.1 Methods
1 6 5
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) with Tablet and Liquid Reagent
20 – 500 μg/l DEHA / 0.02 – 0.5 mg/l DEHA
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap (Note 2).
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops (0.25ml) of DEHA solution
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Add one DEHA tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as DEHA.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Application: Testing of residual corrosion inhibitors (Oxygen scavengers) in boiler feed
water or condensate.
2. Before using clean the vials with Hydrochloric acid (approx. 20%). Rinse thoroughly with
deionised water.
3. Keep the sample dark during colour development time. UV-light (sunlight) causes high
measurement results.
4. Ideal temperature for full colour development is 20°C ± 2°C.
5. Interferences:
• Iron (II) interferes at all concentrations:
Repeat the test procedure but without adding the DEHA solution. If the
displayed result is above 20 μg/l subtract this value from the DEHA test result.
• Substances which reduce Iron (III) interfere. Substances which complex iron strongly
may interfere also.
• Substances which may interfere when present in concentrations at:
Borate (as Na
Cobalt
Copper
Hardness (as CaCO
3
)
Lignosulfonates
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Phosphate
Phosphonates
Sulfate
Zinc
2
B
4
O
7
) 500 mg/l
0.025 mg/l
8.0 mg/l
1000 mg/l
0.05 mg/l
0.8 mg/l
80 mg/l
0.8 mg/l
10 mg/l
10 mg/l
1000 mg/l
50 mg/l
6. There is an option to change the unit from mg/l to μg/l.
mg/l
μg/l
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81
82
1.1 Methods
1 6 7
1
3
Countdown 1
10:00
start:
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2
4
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamin) with Vario Powder Pack and Liquid Reagent
20 – 500 μg/l DEHA / 0.02 – 0.5 mg/l DEHA
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing (Note 2).
1. Fill a clean vial with 10 ml deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Fill the second clean vial with 10 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one VARIO OXYSCAV 1 Rgt
Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
4. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
5. Add 0.20 ml VARIO DEHA 2 Rgt Solution to each vial
(Note 4).
6. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes (Note 5).
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
8. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press ZERO key.
10. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
11. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
12. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as DEHA.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Application: Testing of residual corrosion inhibitors (Oxygen scavengers) in boiler feed
water or condensate.
2. Before using clean the vials with Hydrochloric acid (approx. 20%). Rinse thoroughly with
deionised water.
3. Ideally temperature for full colour development is 25°C ± 3 °C.
4. Volume should always be metered by using suitable pipette (class A).
5. Keep blank and sample dark during colour development time. UV-light (sunlight) causes
high measurement results.
6. Interferences:
• Iron (II) interferes at all concentrations:
Repeat the test procedure but without adding the VARIO DEHA Rgt 2 solution. If the
displayed result is above 20 μg/l subtract this value from the DEHA test result.
• Substances which reduce Iron (III) interfere. Substances which complex iron strongly
may interfere also.
• Substances who may interfere when present in concentrations at:
Borate (as Na
Cobalt
Copper
Hardness (as CaCO
3
)
Lignosulfonates
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Phosphate
Phosphonates
Sulfate
Zinc
2
B
4
O
7
) 500 mg/l
0.025 mg/l
8.0 mg/l
1000 mg/l
0.05 mg/l
0.8 mg/l
80 mg/l
0.8 mg/l
10 mg/l
10 mg/l
1000 mg/l
50 mg/l
7. There is an option to change the unit from mg/l to μg/l.
mg/l
μg/l
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84
1.1 Methods
1 7 0
Fluoride with Liquid Reagent
0.05 – 2 mg/l F
Caution: See notes!
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with exactly 10 ml of water sample (Note 4), close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add exactly 2 ml SPADNS reagent solution (Note 4) to the water sample.
Caution: Vial is filled up to the top! (Note 8)
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Fluoride.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The same batch of SPADNS reagent solution must be used for adjustment and test.
The adjustment process needs to be performed for each new batch of SPADNS reagent solution (see Standard Methods 20th, 1998, APHA, AWWA, WEF 4500 F D., S. 4-82).
The procedure is described in chapter 2.4.5 “Calibration – Fluoride Method 170“ on page 234.
2. During adjustment and test the same vial should be used for zeroing and test, as different vials may exhibit minor tolerances.
3. The calibration solution and the water samples to be tested should have the same temperature (± 1°C).
4. As the test result is highly dependent on exact sample and reagent volumes, the sample and reagent volumes should always be metered by using a 10 ml resp. 2 ml volumetric pipette (class A).
5. The accuracy of the test methods decreases above a level of 1.2 mg/l Fluoride. Although the results are sufficiently accurate for most applications, even more exact results can be achieved by 1:1 dilution of the sample prior to use and subsequent multiplication of the result by 2.
6. SPADNS reagent solution contains Arsenite.
Chlorine concentrations up to 5 mg/l do not interfere.
7. Seawater and wastewater samples must be distilled.
8. It is convenient to use special vials with larger volume.
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86
1.1 Methods
1 9 0 Hardness, Calcium with Tablet
50 – 900 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml deionised water .
2. Add one CALCHECK tablet straight from the foil to the deionised water and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Countdown
2:00
3. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
4. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
5. Press ZERO key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
6. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
7. Add 2 ml of the water sample to the prepared vial.
Caution: Vial is filled up to the top! (Note 4)
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
(5x) to mix the contents.
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Calcium Hardness.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 4 and pH 10
before the tablet is added (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. The tolerance of the method is increasing with higher concentrations. When diluting
samples, this should be take into account, always measuring in the first third of the
range.
3. This method was developed from a volumetric procedure for the determination of
calcium. Due to undefined conditions, the deviations from the standardised method may
be greater.
4. It is convenient to use special vials with larger volume.
5. CaCO
3
°dH
°eH
°fH
°aH
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88
1.1 Methods
1 9 1
Hardness, Calcium 2T with Tablet
0 – 500 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CALCIO H No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the 10 ml water sample, crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablet completely.
6. Add one CALCIO H No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times until the tablet is completely dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as Calcium Hardness.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. To optimise the readings an optional batch related calibration can be performed using
Mode 40, see page 232.
2. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted to a pH-value between
pH 4 and 10 before the tablets are added (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloride acid resp.
1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
3. For accurate test results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
4. This method was developed from a volumetric procedure for the determination of
Calcium Hardness. Due to undefined conditions, the deviations from the standardised
method may be greater.
5. The tolerance of the method is increasing with higher concentrations. When diluting
samples, this should be taken in account, always measuring in the first third of the
range.
6. Interferences:
• Magnesium hardness up to 200 mg/l CaCO
3
does not interfere.
• Iron concentration above 10 mg/l may cause low results.
• Zinc concentration above 5 mg/l may cause high results.
7. CaCO
3
°dH
°eH
°fH
°aH
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90
1.1 Methods
2 0 0
Hardness, total with Tablet
2 – 50 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one HARDCHECK P tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as total Hardness.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 4 and pH 10
before the tablet is added (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. Conversion table:
1 mg/l CaCO
3
1 °dH
1 °fH
1 °eH mg/l CaCO
3
----
17.8
10.0
14.3
°dH
0.056
----
0.56
0.80
°fH
0.10
1.78
----
1.43
°eH
0.07
1.25
0.70
----
3. CaCO
3
°dH
°eH
°fH
°aH
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92
1.1 Methods
2 0 1 Hardness, total HR with Tablet
20 – 500 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 1 ml of the water sample and 9 ml of deionised water , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one HARDCHECK P tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as total Hardness.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 4 and pH 10
before the tablet is added (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. Conversion table:
1 mg/l CaCO
1 °dH
1 °fH
1 °eH
3 mg/l CaCO
3
----
17.8
10.0
14.3
°dH
0.056
----
0.56
0.80
°fH
0.10
1.78
----
1.43
°eH
0.07
1.25
0.70
----
3. CaCO
3
°dH
°eH
°fH
°aH
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94
1.1 Methods
2 0 5 Hydrazine with Powder Reagent
0.05 – 0.5 mg/l N
2
H
4
/ 50 – 500 μg/l N
2
H
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample (Note 1, 2), close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
Countdown
10:00
start:
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
5. Add 1 g HYDRAZINE test powder (Note 3) to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
8. The slight turbidity that occurs when the reagent is added must be removed by filtration (Note 4).
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Hydrazine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. If the water sample is cloudy, you must filter it before performing the zero calibration.
2. The temperature of the water sample should not exceed 21°C.
3. Using the Hydrazine spoon: 1 g is equivalent to one level spoon.
4. Qualitative folded filter papers for medium precipitates are recommended.
5. In order to check whether the reagent has aged (if it has been stored for a lengthy
period), perform the test as described above using tap water. If the result is above the
detection limit of 0.05 mg/l, you should only use the reagent with reservations as there
may be a major deviation in results.
6. There is an option to change the unit from mg/l to μg/l.
mg/l
μg/l
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
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96
1.1 Methods
2 0 6 Hydrazine with Vario Liquid Reagent
0.005 – 0.6 mg/l N
2
H
4
/ 5 – 600 μg/l N
2
H
4
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
12:00
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing.
1. Fill a clean vial with 10 ml deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Add 1 ml VARIO Hydra 2 Rgt Solution into the vial
(Note 3).
3. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
4. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
5. Press ZERO key.
6. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
7. Fill the second clean vial with 10 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
8. Add 1 ml VARIO Hydra 2 Rgt Solution into the vial.
9. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
10. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
11. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 12 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as Hydrazine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Samples cannot be preserved and must be analysed immediately.
2. Sample temperature should be 21°C ± 4°C.
3. The blank may develop a faint yellow colour due to the reagent.
4. Interferences:
• Ammonia causes no interferences up to 10 mg/l.
At a concentration of 20 mg/l it is possible that the test result increases by 20%.
• Morpholine does not interfere up to 10 mg/l.
• Highly coloured or turbid samples:
Mix 1 part deionised water with 1 part household bleach. Add 1 drop of this
mixture into 25 ml water sample and mix. Use 10 ml prepared sample in place of
deionised water in point 1.
Note: at point 7 use the unprepared water sample.
Principle: Hydrazine is oxidised by household bleach. Colour interference will be
eliminated by zeroing.
5. There is an option to change the unit from mg/L to μg/L.
mg/l
μg/l
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98
1.1 Methods
2 0 7 Hydrazine with Vacu-vials ® K-5003 (see Notes)
0.01 – 0.7 mg/l N
2
H
4
/ 10 – 700 μg/l N
2
H
4
Insert the adapter for 13 mm Ø vials.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
1. Place the blank in the sample chamber. The blank is part of the test kit.
2. Press ZERO key.
3. Remove the blank from the sample chamber.
4. Fill the sample container to the 25 ml mark with the water sample.
5. Place one Vacu-vial ® in the sample container. Snap the tip by pressing the vial against the side of the sample container. The Vacu-vial ® breaks at the neck and the vial fills automatically. A small volume of inert gas remains in the Vacu-vial ® .
6. Mix the contents of the Vacu-vial ® by inverting it several times, allowing the bubble to move from one end to the other. Dry the outside of the vial.
7. Place the Vacu-vial ® in the sample chamber.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as Hydrazine.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. This method is adapted from CHEMetrics.
2. Read the original test instruction and the MSDS (delivered with the test) before
performing the test. MSDS also available at www.chemetrics.com.
3. Vacu-vials ® is a registered trade mark of the company CHEMetrics, Inc. / Calverton,
U.S.A.
4. There is an option to change the unit from mg/l to μg/l.
mg/l
μg/l
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
99
1.1 Methods
2 1 0 Hydrogen peroxide with tablet reagent
0.03 – 3 mg/l H
2
O
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one HYDROGENPEROXIDE LR tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stir- ring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Hydrogen peroxide.
100 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Vial cleaning:
As many household cleaners (e.g. dishwasher detergent) contain reducing substances,
the subsequent determination of Hydrogen peroxide may show lower results. To avoid
any measurement errors, only use glassware free of Chlorine demand.
Preparation: Put all applicable glassware into Sodium hypochlorite solution (0.1 g/l) for
one hour, then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionised water.
2. Preparing the sample:
When preparing the sample, the lost of Hydrogen peroxide, e.g. by pipetting or
shaking, must be avoided. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the
sample.
3. The DPD colour development is carried out at a pH value of 6.2 to 6.5. The reagent
tablet therefore contains a buffer for the pH adjustment.
Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7
before the tablet is added (use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
4. Exceeding the measuring range:
Concentrations above 5 mg/l Hydrogen peroxide can lead to results showing 0 mg/l.
In this case, the water sample must be diluted with water free of Hydrogen peroxide.
10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement
repeated.
Oxidising agents such as Chlorine, Ozone etc. interfere as they react in the same way
as Hydrogen peroxide.
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101
1.1 Methods
2 1 5 Iodine with Tablet
0.05 – 3.6 mg/l I
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber, empty the vial leaving a view drops in.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Iodine.
102 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Oxidizing reagents, such as Chlorine, Bromine, etc. interfere as they react in the same
way as Iodine.
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103
1.1 Methods
2 2 0 Iron with Tablet
0.02 – 1 mg/l Fe
*Determination of total dissolved Iron Fe 2+ and Fe 3+
2
2
2 2 Iron with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 3 mg/l Fe
*Determination of all dissolved iron and most undissolved forms of iron.
2 3 Iron, total with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 1.8 mg/l Fe
*Determination of all dissolved iron and most undissolved forms of iron; most undissolved iron oxides are recovered by the reagent.
*This information refers to analysis of the water sample without digestion.
Further information can be found in the method notes.
104 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
Iron Determination dissolved Iron
Filtration dissolved and undissolved Iron
Digestion
Fe 2+ + Fe 3+ Fe 2+ Fe 2+ + Fe 3+
IRON LR tablet
IRON (II) LR tablet methods
220, 222, 223 result A minus
= Fe 3+ result B
Digestion procedure for the determination of total dissolved and undissolved iron.
1. Add 1 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to 100 ml water sample. Heat and boil for 10
minutes or until all particles are dissolved. After cooling down, the sample is set to a
pH-value of 3 to 6 by using ammonia solution. Refill with deionised water to the
previous volume of 100 ml and mix well. 10 ml of this pre-treated solution is used for
the following analysis. Perform as described by the selected test method.
2. Water which has been treated with organic compounds like corrosion inhibitors must
be oxidised where necessary to break down the iron. Therefore add 1 ml concentrated
sulfuric acid and 1 ml concentrated nitric acid to 100 ml water sample and boil to
approx. half volume. After cooling down, proceed as described above.
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105
1.1 Methods
2 2 0 Iron (Note 1) with Tablet
0.02 – 1 mg/l Fe
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one IRON LR tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Iron.
106 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. This method determines the total dissolved Iron as Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ .
2. The IRON (II) LR tablet is used for differentiation – as described above – instead of the
IRON LR tablet.
3. For the determination of total dissolved and undissolved iron digestion is required.
An example is described on page 105.
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107
1.1 Methods
2 2 2
Iron (Note 1) with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 3 mg/l Fe
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
3:00
2
4
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Ferro F10 Powder
Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (Note 4).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes (Note 5) .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Iron.
108 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The reagent reacts with all dissolved iron and most undissolved forms of iron in the
water sample.
2. Iron oxide requires prior digestion: use mild, vigorous or Digesdahl digestion (e.g. for
digestion with acid see page 105).
3. Very strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted to a pH value between
3 and 5 before analysis.
4. Accuracy is not affected by undissolved powder.
5. Water samples containing visible rust should be allowed to react for at least five minutes.
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109
1.1 Methods
2 2 3 Iron, total (TPTZ, Note 1) with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 1.8 mg/l Fe
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing.
1. Fill a clean vial with 10 ml deionised water (this is the blank).
1
3
Countdown
3:00
start:
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2
4
2. Fill the second clean vial with 10 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario IRON TPTZ F10 Powder
Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
4. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
5. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
6. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
7. Press ZERO key.
8. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
9. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Iron.
110 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. For determination of total Iron digestion is required.
TPTZ reagent recovers most insoluble iron oxides without digestion.
2. Rinse all glassware with 1:1 Hydrochloric acid solution first and then rinse with deionised
water to remove iron deposits that can cause slightly high results.
3. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 3 and pH 8
before the reagent is added (use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
4. Interferences:
When interferences occur, colour development is inhibited or a precipitate is formed.
The values below refer to a standard with an iron concentration of 0.5 mg/l.
The following substances do not interfere when present up to the levels given:
Substance
Cadmium
Chromium (3+)
Chromium (6+)
Cobalt
Copper
Cyanide
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Nitrite Ion no inerference to
4.0 mg/l
0.25 mg/l
1.2 mg/l
0.05 mg/l
0.6 mg/l
2.8 mg/l
50 mg/l
0.4 mg/l
4.0 mg/l
1.0 mg/l
0.8 mg/l
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
111
1.1 Methods
2 4 0 Manganese with Tablet
0.2 – 4 mg/l Mn
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one MANGANESE LR 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablet.
6. Add one MANGANESE LR 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Manganese.
112 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Note:
1. Mn
MnO
4
KMnO
4
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113
1.1 Methods
2 4 2 Manganese LR with Vario Powder Pack
0.01 – 0.7 mg/l Mn
Countdown 1
2:00
start:
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
114
1
3
2
4
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing (Note 1).
1. Fill a clean vial with 10 ml of deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Fill the second clean vial with 10 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario Ascorbic Acid Powder
Pack straight from the foil into each vial (Note 2).
4. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
5. Fill each vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly (Note 3):
15 drops of Alkaline Cyanide reagent solution
6. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Fill each vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
21 drops of PAN Indicator solution
8. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
9. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes (Note 4).
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
9. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press ZERO key.
11. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
12. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Manganese.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Rinse all glassware with 1:1 Nitric acid solution first and then rinse with deionised water.
2. Water samples that contain more than 300 mg/l CaCO
3
hardness: after adding the
Vario Ascorbic Acid powder pack add additionally 10 drops of Rochelle Salt Solution.
3. After addition of the reagent solution “Alkaline-Cyanide” a cloudy or turbid solution
may form in some water samples. The turbidity should disappear after point 7.
4. Water samples containing more than 5 mg/l iron should be allowed to react for at least
10 minutes.
5. Conversion:
mg/l MnO
4
= mg/l Mn x 2.17
6. Mn
MnO
4
KMnO
4
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115
1.1 Methods
2 4 3
Manganese HR with Vario Powder Pack
0.1 – 18 mg/l Mn
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
116
1
3
2
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Manganese Citrate
Buffer F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Add the contents of one VARIO Sodium Periodate
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the same water sample.
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned
10. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Manganese.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. This test is applicable for the determination of soluble Manganese in water and
wastewater.
2. Highly buffered water samples or extreme pH values may exceed the buffering
capacity of the reagents and requires sample pre-treatment.
If samples were acidified for storing, adjust the pH between 4 and 5 with 5 mol/l (5 N)
Sodium hydroxide before test. Do not exceed pH 5, as manganese may precipitate.
3. Interferences:
Interfering substance Interference level
Calcium greater than 700 mg/l
Chloride
Iron
Magnesium greater than 70 000 mg/l greater than 5 mg/l greater than 100 000 mg/l
4. Mn
MnO
4
KMnO
4
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1.1 Methods
2 5 0
Molybdate with Tablet
1 – 50 mg/l MoO
4
/ 0.6 – 30 mg/l Mo
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
118
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty the vial .
5. Fill 20 ml of the water sample in a 100 ml beaker.
6. Add one MOLYBDATE HR No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Add one MOLYBDATE HR No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
8. Dissolve the tablets using a clean stirring rod.
9. Rinse out the vial with the prepared water sample and then fill to the 10 ml mark.
10. Close the vial tightly with the cap.
11. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
12. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Molybdate /
Molybdenum.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
2. Under test conditions (pH 3.8 – 3.9) iron does not interfere nor do other metals at levels
likely to be found in industrial water systems.
3. Conversions:
mg/l Mo = mg/l MoO
mg/l Na
2
MoO
6
4
x 0.6
= mg/l MoO
4
x 1.3
4. MoO
4
Mo
Na
2
MoO
4
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
119
1.1 Methods
2 5 2 Molybdate / Molybdenum HR with Vario Powder Pack
0.5 – 66 mg/l MoO
4
/ 0.3 – 40 mg/l Mo
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
2
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Molybdenum HR 1
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Add the contents of one Vario Molybdenum HR 2
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the same water sample.
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
9. Add the contents of one Vario Molybdenum HR 3
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the same water sample.
10. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
11. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
12. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Molybdate /
Molybdenum.
120 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Filter turbid water samples using filter paper and funnel before analysis.
2. Highly buffered water samples or extreme pH values should be adjusted to a pH of
nearly 7 with 1 mol/l Nitric acid or 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide.
3. Concentrations above 10 mg/l Cu causes too high test values if the reaction time of
5 minutes is increased. So it is very important to perform the test procedure
as described.
4. Substances which may interfere when present in concentrations at:
Aluminium
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
Nitrite
50 mg/l
1000 mg/l
50 mg/l
50 mg/l all levels
5. MoO
4
Mo
Na
2
MoO
4
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1.1 Methods
2 6 5
Nitrate with Tube Test
1 – 30 mg/l N
1
3
Countdown
5:00
start:
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Ø 16 mm
2
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
4
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped vial (Reagent A) and add
1 ml deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Open another white capped vial (Reagent A) and add
1 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario Nitrate Chromotropic
Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
4. Close the vials tightly with the caps and invert gently several times (10 x) to mix the contents (Note 1).
5. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
6. After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
7. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
8. Press ZERO key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
10. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are l
aligned.
11. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Nitrate.
122 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Some solids may not dissolve.
2. Conversion: mg/l NO
3
= mg/l N x 4.43
3. N
NO
3
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123
1.1 Methods
2 7 0
Nitrite with Tablet
0.01 – 0.5 mg/l N
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one NITRITE LR tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Nitrite.
124 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The following ions can produce interferences since under the reaction conditions
they cause precipitation:
Antimony (III), Iron (III), Lead, Mercury (I), Silver, Chloroplatinate, Metavanadate and
Bismuth.
Copper (II)-ions may cause lower test results as they accelerate the decomposition of
the Diazonium salt.
It is unlikely in practice that these interfering ions will occur in such high concentrations
that they cause significant reading errors.
2. Conversion:
mg/l NO
2
= mg/l N x 3.29
3. N
NO
2
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125
1.1 Methods
2 7 2 Nitrite LR with Vario Powder Pack
0.01 – 0.3 mg/l N
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
20:00
2
4
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Nitri 3 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 20 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Nitrite.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Interferences:
• Strong oxidizing and reducing substances interfere.
• Cupric and ferrous ions cause low results.
• Antimonous, Auric, Bismuth, Chloroplatinate, Ferric, Lead, Mercurous, Metavanadate,
Silver ions interfere by causing precipitation.
• In samples with very high concentrations of Nitrate (> 100 mg/L N) a small amount
of Nitrite will be found. Such high levels of Nitrate appear to undergo a slight amount
of reduction to Nitrite, either spontaneously or during the reaction time of the test.
2. N
NO
2
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127
1.1 Methods
2 8 0 Nitrogen, total LR with Vario Tube Test
0.5 – 25 mg/l N
1
3
Countdown
3:00
start:
Countdown
2:00
start:
128
Ø 16 mm
2
4
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open two TN Hydroxide LR digestion vials and add the contents of one Vario TN Persulfate Rgt. Powder
Pack (Note 2, 3).
2. Add 2 ml deionised water to the prepared vial (this is the blank, Note 4, 5).
3. Add 2 ml of the water sample to the other prepared vial
(this is the sample).
4. Close the vials with the caps and shake to mix the contents (at least 30 seconds, Note 6).
5. Heat the vials for 30 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 100°C (Note 7).
6. After 30 minutes remove the vials from the reactor.
(CAUTION: The vials are hot!)
Allow the vials to cool to room temperature.
7. Open the cooled digestion vials and add the contents of one
Vario TN Reagent A Powder Pack to each vial (Note 2).
8. Close the vials with the caps and shake to mix the contents (at least 15 seconds).
9. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
10. Open the digestion vials and add the contents of one
Vario TN Reagent B Powder Pack to each vial (Note 2).
11. Close the vials with the caps and shake to mix the contents (at least 15 seconds, Note 8).
12. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
13. Open two TN Acid LR/HR (Reagent C) vials and add 2 ml of the digested, treated blank to one vial
(this is the blank).
14. Add 2 ml of the digested, treated water sample to the other TN Acid LR/HR vial (this is the sample).
15. Close the vials with the caps and swirl the vials gently several times to mix the contents (10 x, Note 9).
(CAUTION: Vials warm up).
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Countdown
5:00
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
16. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks l are aligned.
17. Press ZERO key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
18. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
19. Place the vial (the sample, Note 10) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks l are aligned.
20. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Nitrogen.
Notes:
1. Appropriate safety precautions and a good lab technique should be used during the whole procedure.
2. Use a funnel to add the reagent.
3. Wipe off any Persulfate reagent that may get on the lid or the tube threads.
4. Volumes for samples and blank should always be metered by using 2 ml volumetric pipettes (class A).
5. One blank is sufficient for each set of samples.
6. The reagent may not dissolve completely.
7. It is very important to remove the vials from the reactor after exactly 30 minutes.
8. The reagent will not completely dissolve.
9. Hold the vial in a vertical position with the cap pointing up. Turn the vial upside-down.
Wait for all of the solution to flow down to the cap. Return the vial to the upright position. Wait for all the solution to flow to the bottom of the vial. This process is one inversion; 10 inversions = approx. 30 seconds.
10. After zero calibration with the blank it is possible to measure several samples.
11. Large quantities of nitrogen free, organic compounds which are included in some water samples may reduce the effectiveness of the digestion by reacting with the
Persulfate reagent. Samples which are well known to contents large quantities of organic compounds must be diluted and digestion and measurement must be repeated for checking the effectiveness of the digestion.
12. Application: for water, wastewater and seawater
13. Interferences:
Interfering substances that resulted in a concentration change of 10%:
Bromide more than 60 mg/l and Chloride more than 1000 mg/l produce positive interferences.
TN = Total Nitrogen
14.
N
NH
4
NH
3
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1.1 Methods
2 8 1
1
3
Countdown
3:00
start:
Countdown
2:00
start:
130
Ø 16 mm
2
4
Nitrogen, total HR with Vario Tube Test
5 – 150 mg/l N
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open two TN Hydroxide HR digestion vials and add the contents of one Vario TN Persulfate Rgt. Powder
Pack (Note 2, 3).
2. Add 0.5 ml deionised water to the prepared vial (this is the blank, Note 4, 5).
3. Add 0.5 ml of the water sample to the other prepared vial
(this is the sample).
4. Close the vials with the caps and shake to mix the contents (at least 30 seconds, Note 6).
5. Heat the vials for 30 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 100°C (Note 7).
6. After 30 Minutes remove the vials from the reactor.
(CAUTION: The vials are hot!)
Allow the vials to cool to room temperature.
7. Open the cooled digestion vials and add the contents of one
Vario TN Reagent A Powder Pack to each vial (Note 2).
8. Close the vials with the caps and shake to mix the contents (at least 15 seconds).
9. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
10. Open the digestion vials and add the contents of one
Vario TN Reagent B Powder Pack to each vial (Note 2).
11. Close the vials with the caps and shake to mix the contents (at least 15 seconds, Note 8).
12. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
13. Open two TN Acid LR/HR (Reagent C) vials and add 2 ml of the digested, treated blank to one vial
(this is the blank).
14. Add 2 ml of the digested, treated water sample to the other TN Acid LR/HR vial (this is the sample).
15. Close the vials with the caps and swirl the vials gently several times to mix the contents (10 x, Note 9).
(CAUTION: Vials warm up) .
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1.1 Methods
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Countdown
5:00
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
16. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the l
marks are aligned.
17. Press ZERO key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
18. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
19. Place the vial (the sample, Note 10) in the sample chamber making sure that the l
marks are aligned.
20. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Nitrogen.
Notes:
1. Appropriate safety precautions and a good lab technique should be used during the whole procedure.
2. Use a funnel to add the reagent.
3. Wipe off any Persulfate reagent that may get on the lid or the tube threads.
4. Volumes for samples and blank should always be metered by using suitable pipettes
(class A).
5. One blank is sufficient for each set of samples.
6. The reagent may not dissolve completely.
7. It is very important to remove the vials from the reactor after exactly 30 minutes.
8. The reagent will not completely dissolve.
9. Hold the vial in a vertical position with the cap pointing up. Turn the vial upside-down.
Wait for all of the solution to flow down to the cap. Return the vial to the upright position. Wait for all the solution to flow to the bottom of the vial. This process is one inversion; 10 inversions = approx. 30 seconds.
10. After zero calibration with the blank it is possible to measure several samples.
11. Large quantities of nitrogen free, organic compounds which are included in some water samples may reduce the effectiveness of the digestion by reacting with the
Persulfate reagent. Samples which are well known to contents large quantities of organic compounds must be diluted and digestion and measurement must be repeated for checking the effectiveness of the digestion.
12. Application: for water, wastewater and seawater
13. Interferences:
Interfering substances that resulted in a concentration change of 10%:
Bromide more than 60 mg/l and Chloride more than 1000 mg/l produce positive interferences.
TN = Total Nitrogen
14. N
NH
4
NH
3
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1.1 Methods
2 9 0
Oxygen, active* with Tablet
0.1 – 10 mg/l O
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one DPD No. 4 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l active
Oxygen.
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Notes:
* Active Oxygen is a synonym for a common disinfectant (based on “Oxygen“)
in Swimming Pool Treatment.
1. When preparing the sample, the lost of Oxygen, e.g. by pipetting or shaking,
must be avoided.
2. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the sample.
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1.1 Methods
2 9 2 Oxygen, dissolved with Vacu-vials ® K-7553 (see Notes)
10 – 800 μg/l O
2
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Insert the adapter for 13 mm Ø round vials.
1. Place the blank in the sample chamber. The blank is part of the test kit.
2. Press ZERO key.
3. Remove the blank from the sample chamber.
4. Water should flow through the special sample container for several minutes to remove any air bubbles sticking at the surface.
The water must flow from the bottom to the top.
5. When the sample container is bubble-free press one
Vacu-vial ® into the lower edge of the sample container. The Vacu-vial ® breaks at the neck and the vial fills automatically.
A small volume of inert gas remains in the Vacu-vial ® .
6. Remove the Vacu-vial ® point downwards from the sample container immediately.
As the contents of the vial has a higher density than water, it is important to remove the vial from the sample container within 5 seconds to prevent any loss of reagent.
7. The Vacu-vial ® is closed with one finger (covered with a glove) to prevent entry of air. Invert the vial several times. Dry the outside of the vial.
8. Place the Vacu-vial ® in the sample chamber.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in μg/l Oxygen.
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Notes:
1. This method is adapted from CHEMetrics.
2. Read the original test instruction and the MSDS (delivered with the test) before
performing the test. MSDS also available at www.chemetrics.com.
3. Vacu-vials ® is a registered trade mark of the company CHEMetrics, Inc. / Calverton,
U.S.A.
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1.1 Methods
3 0 0
Ozone with Tablet
0.02 – 2 mg/l O
3
Ozon
>> with Cl without Cl
The following selection is shown in the display:
>> with Cl
>> without Cl for the determination of Ozone in the presence of Chlorine. for the determination of Ozone in the absence of Chlorine.
Select the desired method with the arrow keys
[ ] and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
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Notes:
1. Vial cleaning:
As many household cleaners (e.g. dishwasher detergent) contain reducing substances,
the subsequent determination of Ozone may show lower results. To avoid any
measurement errors, only use glassware free of Chlorine demand.
Preparation: Put all applicable glassware into Sodium hypochlorite solution (0.1 g/l)
for one hour, then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionised water.
2. Preparing the sample:
When preparing the sample, the lost of Ozone, e.g. by pipetting or shaking,
must be avoided. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the sample.
3. The DPD colour development is carried out at a pH value of 6.2 to 6.5. The reagent
tablet therefore contains a buffer for the pH adjustment.
Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7
before the tablet is added (use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
4. Turbidity (can lead to errors):
The use of the DPD No. 1 tablet in samples with high Calcium ion content* and/or high
conductivity* can lead to turbidity of the sample and therefore incorrect measurements.
* it is not possible to give exact values, because the development of turbidity depends
on the nature of the sample.
5. Exceeding the measuring range:
Concentrations above 6 mg/l Ozone can lead to results showing 0 mg/l. In this case,
the water sample must be diluted with water free of Ozone. 10 ml of the diluted
sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement repeated.
6. If ??? is displayed at the diffentiated test result see page 262.
Oxidising agents such as Bromine, Chlorine etc. interfere as they react in the same way as
Ozone.
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1.1 Methods
3 0 0
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare T1
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
Ozone, in the presence of Chlorine with Tablet
0.02 – 2 mg/l O
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet and one DPD No. 3 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
10. Remove the vial from the sample chamber, empty the vial, rinse vial and cap several times. Fill the vial with a few drops of the water sample .
11. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet and one DPD No. 3 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod.
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1.1 Methods
T1 accepted
prepare T2
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
*,** mg/l O
3
*,** mg/l total Cl
12. Fill a second clean vial with 10 ml of the water sample.
13. Add one GLYCINE tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
14. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
15. Transfer the contents of the second vial into the prepared vial.
16. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
17. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
18. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in: mg/l Ozone mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
See page 137.
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139
1.1 Methods
3
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
0 0
Ozone, in absence of Chlorine with Tablet
0.02 – 2 mg/l O
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial .
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet and one DPD No. 3 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ozone.
Notes:
See page 137.
140 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
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141
1.1 Methods
7 0 PHMB (Biguanide) with Tablet
2 – 60 mg/l PHMB
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one PHMB PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l PHMB.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Clean vials with the brush immediately after analysis.
2. Vials and stirring rods may turn blue after prolonged use. In this case clean vials and
stirring rods with a laboratory detergent (see chapter 1.2.2 Cleaning of vials and
accessories for analysis). Rinse vials and caps thoroughly with tap water and then with
deionised water.
3. The test result is influenced by Hardness and Total Alkalinity.
The calibration of this method was done using water with the following concentration:
Ca-Hardness: 200 mg/l CaCO
Total Alkalinity: 120 mg/l CaCO
3
3
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1.1 Methods
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
0
1
3
2 4
2
2
2
2
7
8
5
6
Phosphate, ortho LR with Tablet
0.05 – 4 mg/l PO
4
Determination of ortho-Phosphate ions
Phosphate, ortho HR with Tablet
1 – 80 mg/l PO
4
Determination of ortho-Phosphate ions
Phosphate, ortho with Vario Powder Pack
0.06 – 2.5 mg/l PO
4
Determination of ortho-Phosphate ions
Phosphate, ortho with Vario Tube Test
0.06 – 5 mg/l PO
4
Determination of ortho-Phosphate ions
Phosphat 1, ortho with Vacu-vials ®
5 – 40 mg/l PO
4
Determination of ortho-Phosphate ions
Phosphat 2, ortho with Vacu-vials ®
0.05 – 5 mg/l PO
4
Determination of ortho-Phosphate ions
Phosphate, acid hydrolizable with Vario Tube Test
0.02 – 1.6 mg/l P
Determination of ortho-Phosphate ions + condensed, inorganic Phosphates
Phosphate, total with Vario Tube Test
0.02 – 1.1 mg/l P
Determination of ortho-Phosphate ions + condensed, inorganic Phosphates + organically combined Phosphates
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1.1 Methods
General:
Ortho-Phosphate ions react with the reagent to form an intense blue colour (methods 320 ,
323 , 324 , 325 and 326 ).
Phosphate in organic and condensed inorganic forms (meta-, pyro- and polyphosphates) must be converted to ortho-Phosphate ions before analysis.
Pretreatment of the sample with acid and heat provides the conditions for hydrolysis of the condensed inorganic forms. Organically combined phosphates are converted to ortho-
Phosphate ions by heating with acid and persulfate.
The amount of organically combined phosphates can be calculated: mg/l Phosphate, organic = mg/l Phosphate, total – mg/l Phosphate, acid hydrolysable
In methods 321 and 327 the ortho-Phosphate ions react with the Vanadate-molybdatereagent under acid conditions to form a yellow coloured product.
Notes – only for tube tests and tests with powder packs:
323, 324, 325, 326
1. Application: for water, wastewater and seawater.
2. Highly buffered samples or samples with extreme pH values should be adjusted
between pH 2 and pH 10 before analysis (with 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid or 1 mol/l
Sodium hydroxide).
3. Interferences:
Large amounts of turbidity may cause inconsistent results.
Interfering substance
Aluminium
Arsenate
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Nickel
Silica (Silicium dioxide)
Silicate
Sulfide
Zinc
Interference level: greater than 200 mg/l at any level greater than 100 mg/l greater than 10 mg/l greater than 100 mg/l greater than 300 mg/l greater than 50 mg/l greater than 10 mg/l at any level greater than 80 mg/l
Phosphate, ortho = Phosphorus, reactive
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1.1 Methods
3 2 0
Phosphate, ortho LR with Tablet
0.05 – 4 mg/l PO
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close the cap tightly.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one PHOSPHATE No. 1 LR tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add one PHOSPHATE No. 2 LR tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l ortho-
Phosphate.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Only ortho-Phosphate ions react.
2. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
3. The test sample should have a pH-Value between 6 and 7.
4. Interferences:
Higher concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cr (III), V (V) and W (VI) interfere due to their colour.
Silicates do not interfere (masked by Citric acid in the tablets).
5. see also page 145
6. Conversion:
mg/l P = mg/l PO
mg/l P
2
O
5
x 0.33
4
= mg/l PO
4
x 0.75
7. PO
4
P
P
2
O
5
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1.1 Methods
3 2 1
Phosphate HR, ortho with Tablet
1 – 80 mg/l PO
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one PHOSPHATE HR P1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add one PHOSPHATE HR P2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l ortho-
Phosphate.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. For samples under 5 mg/l PO
4
it is reccommended to analyse the water sample with
method 320 ”Posphate LR, ortho with Tablet“.
2. Only ortho-Phosphate ions react.
3. see also page 145
4. Conversions:
mg/l P = mg/l PO
mg/l P
5. PO
P
2
4
O
5
4
x 0.33
= mg/l PO
4
x 0.75
P
2
O
5
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1.1 Methods
3 2 3
Phosphate, ortho with Vario Powder Pack
0.06 – 2.5 mg/l PO
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
2
4
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of VARIO Phosphate Rgt. F10 Powder
Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 10-15 sec., Note 1).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l ortho-
Phosphate.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The reagent does not dissolve completely.
2. see also page 145
3. Conversions:
mg/l P = mg/l PO
mg/l P
2
O
5
4
x 0.33
= mg/l PO
4
x 0.75
4. PO
4
P
P
2
O
5
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1.1 Methods
3 2 4
Phosphate, ortho with Vario Tube Test
0.06 – 5 mg/l PO
4
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open the white cap of one tube PO
4 add 5 ml of the water sample.
-P Dilution and
Ø 16 mm
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1 2
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the l
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
4 5. Add the contents of one VARIO Phosphate Rgt. F10
Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample
(Note 1).
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 10-15 sec., Note 2).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the l
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l ortho-
Phosphate.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Use a funnel to add the reagent.
2. The reagent does not dissolve completely.
3. see also page 145
4. Conversions:
mg/l P = mg/l PO
mg/l P
2
O
5
4
x 0.33
= mg/l PO
4
x 0.75
5. PO
4
P
P
2
O
5
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153
1.1 Methods
3 2 7
Phosphate 1, ortho with Vacu-vials ® K-8503 (see Notes)
5 – 40 mg/l PO
4
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
Insert the adapter for 13 mm Ø vials.
1. Place the blank in the sample chamber. The blank is part of the test kit.
2. Press ZERO key.
3. Remove the blank from the sample chamber.
4. Fill the sample container to the 25 ml mark with the water sample.
5. Place one Vacu-vial ® in the sample container. Snap the tip by pressing the vial against the side of the sample container.
The Vacu-vial ® tomatically.
breaks at the neck and the vial fills au-
A small volume of inert gas remains in the Vacu-vial ® .
6. Mix the contents of the Vacu-vial ® by inverting it several times, allowing the bubble to move from one end to the other. Dry the outside of the vial.
7. Place the Vacu-vial ® in the sample chamber.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l ortho-
Phosphate.
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Notes:
1. This method is adapted from CHEMetrics.
2. Read the original test instruction and the MSDS (delivered with the test) before
performing the test. MSDS also available at www.chemetrics.com.
3. Vacu-vials ® is a registered trade mark of the company CHEMetrics, Inc. / Calverton,
U.S.A.
4. Only ortho-Phosphate ions react.
5. Sulfide, Thiosulfate and Thiocyanate cause low test results.
6. PO
4
P
P
2
O
5
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155
1.1 Methods
3 2 8
Phosphate 2, ortho with Vacu-vials ® K-8513 (see Notes)
0.05 – 5 mg/l PO
4
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
3:00
156
Insert the adapter for 13 mm Ø vials.
1. Place the blank in the sample chamber. The blank is part of the test kit.
2. Press ZERO key.
3. Remove the blank from the sample chamber.
4. Fill the sample container to the 25 ml mark with the water sample.
5. Fill the sample container with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
2 drops A-8500 Activator Solution
6. Close the sample container with the cap tightly and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Place one Vacu-vial ® in the sample container. Snap the tip by pressing the vial against the side of the sample container. The Vacu-vial in the Vacu-vial ® .
® breaks at the neck and the vial fills automatically. A small volume of inert gas remains
8. Mix the contents of the Vacu-vial ® by inverting it several times, allowing the bubble to move from one end to the other. Dry the outside of the vial.
9. Place the Vacu-vial ® in the sample chamber.
10. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l ortho-
Phosphate.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. This method is adapted from CHEMetrics.
2. Read the original test instruction and the MSDS (delivered with the test) before
performing the test. MSDS also available at www.chemetrics.com.
3. Vacu-vials ® is a registered trade mark of the company CHEMetrics, Inc. / Calverton,
U.S.A.
4. Only ortho-Phosphate ions react.
5. Sulfide, Thiosulfate and Thiocyanate cause low test results.
6. PO
4
P
P
2
O
5
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1.1 Methods
3 2 5 Phosphate, acid hydrolyzable with Vario Tube Test
0.06 – 5 mg/l PO
4
)
Ø 16 mm
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
2
4
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open the white cap of one digestion tube PO4-P Acid reagent and add 5 ml of the water sample .
2. Close the vial tightly with the cap and invert gently several times to mix the contents.
3. Heat the vials for 30 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 100°C .
4. After 30 minutes remove the vial from the reactor.
(CAUTION: The vials are hot!)
Allow the vials to cool to room temperature.
5. Open the cooled digestion vial and add 2 ml 1.00 N
Sodium Hydroxide solution to the vial.
6. Close the vial with the cap and invert gently several times to mix the contents.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the l
marks are aligned.
8. Press ZERO key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
10. Add the contents of one VARIO Phosphate Rgt. F10
Powder Pack straight from the foil to the vial (Note 2).
11. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 10-15 sec., Note 3).
12. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the l
marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l acid hydrolyzable Phosphate.
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Notes:
1. Appropriate safety precautions and a good lab technique should be used during the
whole procedure.
2. Use a funnel to add the reagent.
3. The reagent does not dissolve completely.
4. see also page 145
5. Conversions:
mg/l PO = mg/l P x 3.07
mg/l P
2
4
O
5
= mg/l P x 2.29
6. PO
4
P
P
2
O
5
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1.1 Methods
3 2 6
Phosphate, total with Vario Tube Test
0.06 – 3.5 mg/l PO
4
)
1
3
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Ø 16 mm
2
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
4
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open the white cap of one digestion tube PO4-P Acid reagent and add 5 ml of the water sample .
2. Add the contents of one Vario Potassium Persulfate F10
Powder Pack straight from the foil to the vial (Note 2).
3. Close the vial tightly with the cap and invert several times to mix the contents.
4. Heat the vials for 30 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 100°C .
5. After 30 minutes remove the vial from the reactor.
(CAUTION: The vials are hot!)
Allow the vials to cool to room temperature.
6. Open the cooled digestion vial and add 2 ml 1.54 N
Sodium Hydroxide Solution to the vial.
7. Close the vial with the cap and invert gently several times to mix the contents.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the l
marks are aligned.
9. Press ZERO key.
10. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
11. Add the contents of one VARIO Phosphate Rgt. F10
Powder Pack straight from the foil to the vial (Note 2).
12. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 10-15 sec., Note 3).
13. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the l
marks are aligned.
14. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total Phosphate.
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Notes:
1. Appropriate safety precautions and a good lab technique should be used during the
whole procedure.
2. Use a funnel to add the reagent.
3. The reagent does not dissolve completely.
4. see also page 145
5. Conversions:
mg/l PO
4
mg/l P
2
= mg/l P x 3.07
O
5
= mg/l P x 2.29
6. P
PO
P
2
O
4
5
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1.1 Methods
3 1 6
Phosphonates
Persulfate UV oxidation method with Vario Powder Pack
0 – 125 mg/l (see Table 1)
1. Choose the appropriate sample volume from table 1
(see following pages).
2. Pipette the chosen sample volume into a clean 50 ml graduated cylinder. If necessary fill up with deionised water to the 50 ml mark and mix well.
Countdown 1
10:00
start:
162
1
3
2
4
3. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the prepared water sample (this is the blank).
4. Transfer 25 ml of the prepared water sample into the digestion vial.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Potassium Persulfate
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the digestion vial.
6. Close the digestion vial tightly with the cap and swirl until the reagent is dissolved completely.
7. Insert the UV lamp into the digestion vial (Note 3, 4, 5).
CAUTION: Wear UV safety goggles!
8. Switch the UV lamp on and wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes .
9. After the reaction period is finished switch the UV lamp off and remove the lamp from the vial.
10. Fill a second vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the digested sample (this is the sample).
11. Add the contents of one Vario Phosphate Rgt. F10
Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial (blank and sample).
12. Close the vials tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times (30 sec.).
(Note 6)
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Countdown
2:00
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
13. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
14. Press ZERO key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes (Note 7).
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
15. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
16. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
17. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/L PO
4
3.
To calculate the actual phosphonate concentration multiply the reading with the corresponding dilution factor from table 1.
To calculate the active phosphonate concentration multiply the actual phosphonate concentration using the appropriate factor from table 2.
Notes:
1. Rinse all glassware with 1:1 Hydrochloric acid first and then rinse with deionised water.
Do not use detergents with phosphates.
2. During UV digestion Phosphonates are converted to Ortho-Phosphates.
This step is normally completed in 10 minutes. High organic loaded samples or a weak
lamp can cause incomplete phosphate conversion.
3. UV lamp available on request.
4. While the UV lamp is on UV safety goggles must be worn.
5. For handling of the UV lamp see manufacturer's manual.
Do not touch the surface of the UV lamp. Fingerprints will etch the glass.
Wipe the UV lamp with a soft and clean tissue between measurements.
6. The reagent does not dissolve completely.
7. The given reaction time of 2 minutes refers to a water sample temperature of more than
15°C. At a sample temperature lower than 15 °C a reaction time of 4 minutes is
required.
Tables: see next page
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1.1 Methods
Table 1:
Expected range
(mg/L Phosphonate)
0 – 2.5
0 – 5.0
0 – 12.5
0 – 25
0 – 125
Sample volume in ml
50
5
1
25
10
Factor
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.0
5.0
Table 2:
Phosphonate type
PBTC
NTP
HEDPA
EDTMPA
HMDTMPA
DETPMPA
HPA
Conversion factor for active phosphonate
2.840
1.050
1.085
1.148
1.295
1.207
1.490
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Interference levels decrease with increasing sample volume.
Example: Iron interferes above 200 mg/L if a sample volume of 5 ml is used.
At a sample volume of 10 ml the interference level decreases to 100 mg/L.
Table 3:
Interfering substances
Aluminium
Arsenate
Benzotriazole
Bicarbonate
Bromide
Calcium
CDTA
Chloride
Chromate
Copper
Cyanide
Diethanoldithiocarbamate
EDTA
Iron
Nitrate
NTA
Orthophosphate
Phosphite and organophosphorus compounds
Silica
Silicate
Sulfate
Sulfide
Sulfite
Thiourea highly buffered samples or extreme sample pH
Interference level using 5 ml of sample
100 mg/l interferes at all concentrations
10 mg/l
1000 mg/l
100 mg/l
5000 mg/l
100 mg/l
5000 mg/l
100 mg/l
100 mg/l
100 mg/l; increase the UV digestion to 30 minutes
50 mg/l
100 mg/l
200 mg/l
200 mg/l
250 mg/l
15 mg/l reacts quantitatively;
Meta- and Polyphosphates do not interfere
500 mg/l
100 mg/l
2000 mg/l interferes at all concentrations
100 mg/l
10 mg/l may exceed the buffering capacity of the reagents and require sample pretreatment
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1.1 Methods
3 2 9 pH value LR 5.2 – 6.8 with Tablet
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one BROMOCRESOLPURPLE PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as pH-value.
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Notes:
1. For photometric determination of pH values only use BROMOCRESOLPURPLE tablets
in black printed foil pack and marked with PHOTOMETER.
2. pH values below 5.2 and above 6.8 can produce results inside the measuring range.
A plausibility test (pH-meter) is recommended.
3. The accuracy of the colorimetric determination of pH-values depends on various
boundary conditions (buffer capacity of the sample, salt contents etc.).
4. Salt error
Correction of test results (average values) for samples with salt contents of:
Indicator
Bromcresolpurple 1 molar
– 0.26
Salt content
2 molar
– 0.33
3 molar
– 0.31
The values of Parson and Douglas (1926) are based on the use of Clark and Lubs
buffers.
1 Mol NaCl = 58.4 g/l = 5.8 %
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1.1 Methods
3 3 0 pH value 6.5 – 8.4 with Tablet
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one PHENOL RED PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as pH-value.
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Notes:
1. For photometric determination of pH values only use PHENOL RED tablets in black
printed foil pack and marked with PHOTOMETER.
2. Water samples with low values of Alkalinity-m (below 35 mg/l CaCO
3
pH readings.
) may give wrong
3. pH values below 6.5 and above 8.4 can produce results inside the measuring range.
A plausibility test (pH-meter) is recommended.
4. The accuracy of the colorimetric determination of pH values depends on various
boundary conditions (buffer capacity of the sample, salt contents etc.).
5. Salt error
Correction of test results (average values) for samples with salt contents of:
Indicator Salt content
Phenol red 1 molar
– 0.21
2 molar
– 0.26
3 molar
– 0.29
The values of Parson and Douglas (1926) are based on the use of Clark and Lubs
buffers. 1 Mol NaCl = 58.4 g/l = 5.8 %
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1.1 Methods
3 3 1 pH value 6.5 – 8.4 with Liquid Reagent
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare TEST
press Test
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops of PHENOL RED solution
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as pH-value.
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Notes:
1. When testing chlorinated water the residual chlorine contents can influence the colour
reaction of the liquid reagent. This can be avoided (without interfering with the pH
measurement) by adding a small crystal of Sodiumthiosulfate (Na
Thiosulfate.
2
S
2
O
3
· 5 H
2
O) to the
sample before adding the PHENOL RED solution. PHENOL RED tablets already contain
2. Due to differing drop sizes results can show a discrepancy in accuracy by comparison
with tablets. This can be minimised by using a pipette (0.18 ml PHENOLRED solution is
equivalent to 6 drops).
3. After use replace the bottle cap securely.
4.
Store the reagent in a cool, dry place ideally at between 6°C and 10°C.
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1.1 Methods
3 3 2 pH value HR 8.0 – 9.6 with Tablet
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare TEST
press Test
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one THYMOLBLUE PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as pH-value.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. For photometric determination of pH values only use THYMOLBLUE tablets in black
printed foil pack and marked with PHOTOMETER.
2. pH values below 8.0 and above 9.6 can produce results inside the measuring range.
A plausibility test (pH-meter) is recommended.
3. The accuracy of the colorimetric determination of pH values depends on various
boundary conditions (buffer capacity of the sample, salt contents etc.).
4. Salt error
Correction of test results (average values) for samples with salt contents of:
Indicator
Thymolblue 1 molar
– 0.22
Salt content
2 molar
– 0.29
3 molar
– 0.34
The values of Parson and Douglas (1926) are based on the use of Clark and Lubs
buffers. 1 Mol NaCl = 58.4 g/l = 5.8 %
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1.1 Methods
3 4 0
Potassium with Tablet
0.7 – 12 mg/l K
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
5. Add one Potassium T tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Potassium.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. If Potassium is present a cloudy solution will appear.
Single particles are not necessarily caused by Potassium.
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1.1 Methods
3 5 0 Silica/Silicon dioxide with Tablet
0.05 – 4 mg/l SiO
2
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Countdown
5:00
start:
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
1:00
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one SILICA No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
8. Add one SILICA PR tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
9. Add one SILICA No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
10. Close the cap tightly and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
11. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
12. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 1 minute .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Silica.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
2. Phosphate ions do not interfere under the given reaction conditions.
3. If Phosphate is known to be absent, the addition of the SILICA PR tablet may be
omitted.
4. Conversion:
mg/l Si = mg/l SiO
2
x 0.47
5. SiO
2
Si
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1.1 Methods
3 5 1 Silica LR / Silicon dioxide LR with Vario Powder Pack and Liquid Reagent
0.1 – 1.6 mg/l SiO
2
Countdown
4:00
start:
1
3
Countdown
1:00
start:
2
4
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing.
1. Fill each vial with 10 ml of the water sample .
2. Add 0.5 ml Vario Molybdate 3 reagent solution into each vial.
3. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents (Note 1).
4. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 4 minutes (Note 2).
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
5. Add the contents of one Vario Silica Citric Acid F10
Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
6. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 1 minute (Note 3).
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
8. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Add the contents of one Vario Silica LR Amino Acid
F F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil into the vial
(the sample).
10. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
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prepare Zero
press ZERO
Countdown
2:00
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
11. Press ZERO key (blank is already placed in the sample chamber – see point 8).
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the zero-reading starts automatically.
12. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
13. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
14. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Silica.
Notes:
1. Close the vials with the cap immediately after adding the Vario Molybdate 3 reagent
solution, otherwise low readings may result.
2. The given reaction time of 4 minutes refers to a water sample temperature of 20°C.
At 30°C a reaction time of 2 minutes, at 10°C a reaction time of 8 minutes are required.
3. The given reaction time of 1 minute refers to a water sample temperature of 20°C.
At 30°C a reaction time of 30 seconds, at 10°C a reaction time of 2 minutes are required.
4. Interferences:
Substance
Iron
Phosphate
Interference large amounts interfere does not interfere at concentrations less than 50 mg/l PO
4 at 60 mg/l PO at 75 mg/l PO
4
4
the interference is approx. – 2%
the interference is approx. – 11% interferes at all levels Sulfide
Occasionally water samples contain forms of silica which reacts very slowly with
Molybdate. The nature of these forms is not known.
A pre-treatment with Sodium hydrogencarbonate and then with Sulfuric Acid will make these forms reactive to Molybdate (pre-treatment is given in “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” under “ Silica Digestion with Sodium
Bicarbonate”).
5. SiO
2
Si
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1.1 Methods
3 5 2
Silica HR / Silicon dioxide HR with Vario Powder Pack
1 – 90 mg/l SiO
2
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1 2
3
Countdown
10:00
start:
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
2:00
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample (Note 1), close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Silica HR Molybdate
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Add the contents of one Vario Silica HR Acid Rgt. F10
Powder Pack straight from the foil to the same water sample (Note 2).
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
9. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
10. Add the contents of one Vario Silica Citric Acid F10
Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample
(Note 3).
11. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
12. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Silica.
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Notes:
1. Temperature of the sample should be 15°C – 25°C.
2. If Silica or Phosphate is present a yellow colour is developed.
3. In this step any yellow colour due to Phosphate is removed.
4. Interferences:
Substance
Iron
Phosphate
Interference large amounts interfere does not interfere at concentrations less than 50 mg/l PO
4 at 60 mg/l PO
4 at 75 mg/l PO
4
the interference is approx. – 2%
the interference is approx. – 11 % interferes at all levels Sulfide
Occasionally water samples contain forms of silica which reacts very slowly with
Molybdate. The nature of these forms is not known.
A pre-treatment with Sodium hydrogencarbonate and then with Sulfuric Acid will make these forms reactive to Molybdate (pre-treatment is given in “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” under “ Silica Digestion with Sodium
Bicarbonate”).
5. SiO
2
Si
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1.1 Methods
2 1 2
Sodium hypochlorite (Soda bleaching lye) with Tablet
0.2 – 16 % w/w NaOCl
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Preparation:
1. Fill a 5 ml plastic syringe with the test solution, ensuring that all air bubbles are expelled. Transfer the 5 ml test solution slowly into a 100 ml beaker and dilute to the
100 ml mark with chlorine-free water. Mix thoroughly.
2. Fill a 5 ml plastic syringe with the diluted test solution
(step 1) to the 1 ml mark, ensuring that all air bubbles are expelled. Transfer the 1 ml test solution slowly into a 100 ml beaker and dilute to the 100 ml mark with chlorine-free water. Mix thoroughly.
Performing test procedure:
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the prepared water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CHLORINE HR (KI) tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add one ACIDIFYING GP tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
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1.1 Methods
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in % w/w as available chlorine present in the original sample of Sodium hypochlorite.
Notes:
1. Please pay attention when handling sodium hypochlorite. The material has a very strong
alkalinity and can cause corrosion. Contact with eyes, skin and clothes etc.has to be
avoided. Refer to the detailed information the producer supplied with the product.
2. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
3. This method provides a fast and simple test. The test can be performed on site but the
result will not be as precise as a laboratory method.
4. By strictly following the test procedure, an accuracy of +/- 1 weight % can be achieved.
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1.1 Methods
3 5 5
Sulfate with Tablet
5 – 100 mg/l SO
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one SULFATE T tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Sulfate.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. If Sulfate is present a cloudy solution will appear.
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185
1.1 Methods
3 6 0
Sulfate with Vario Powder Pack
5 – 100 mg/l SO
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
1
3
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
2
4
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Sulpha 4/ F10 Powder
Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Sulfate.
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Note:
1. If Sulfate ions are present a cloudy solution will appear.
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1.1 Methods
3 6 5
Sulfide with Tablet
0.04 – 0.5 mg/l S
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one SULFIDE No. 1 tablet to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablet.
6. Add one SULFIDE No. 2 tablet to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Sulfide.
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Notes:
1. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
2. Chlorine and other oxidizing agents which react with DPD do not interfere with the test.
3. To avoid loss of Sulfide collect the sample carefully with a minimum of aeration. It is
essential to test the sample immediately after collection.
4. The sample temperature should be 20°C. A different temperature can lead to higher
or lower results.
5. Conversion:
H
2
S = mg/l S x 1.06
6. S
H
2
S
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1.1 Methods
3 7 0
Sulfite with Tablet
0.1 – 5 mg/l SO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one SULFITE LR tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Sulfite.
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1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. SO
3
Na
2
SO
3
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1.1 Methods
3 8 4
Suspended Solids
0 – 750 mg/l TSS
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Sample preparation:
Blend approx. 500 ml of the water sample in a blender at high speed for 2 minutes.
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of deionised water, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty the vial completely.
5. Stir the blended water sample. Immediately rinse the vial with the water sample and fill with 10 ml water sample .
6. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
7. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l TSS (Total
Suspended Solids).
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1.1 Methods
Note:
1. The photometric determination of Suspended Solids is based on a gravimetric method.
In a lab this is usually done by evaporation of the filter residue of a filtrated water
sample in an oven at 103°C – 105°C and weighing of the dried residue.
2. When higher accuracy is required perform a gravimetric determination of a water
sample. The result can be used to calibrate the photometer with the same water sample.
3. The estimated detection limit is 20 mg/L TSS.
4. Collect water samples in clean plastic or glass bottles and analyse the water sample as
soon as possible. It is possible to store the sample at 4°C for 7 days. Before measurement
warm up the sample to the temperature at collection time.
5. Interferences:
• Air bubbles interfere and can be removed by swirling the vial gently.
• Colour interferes if light is absorbed at 660 nm.
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1.1 Methods
3 8 6
Turbidity
0 – 1000 FAU
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of deionised water, close tightly with the cap.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty the vial completely.
5. Stir the water sample. Immediately rinse the vial with the water sample and fill with 10 ml water sample .
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in FAU.
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Note:
1. This test uses an attenuated radiation method for the reading of FAU (Formazin
Attenuation Units). The results can not be used for USEPA reporting purposes, but may
be used for routine measurements. The attenuated radiation method is different from
the Nephelometric method.
2. The estimated detection limit is 20 FAU.
3. Collect water samples in clean plastic or glass bottles and analyse the water sample as
soon as possible. It is possible to store the sample at 4°C for 48 hours. Before
measurement warm up the sample to the temperature at collection time. Temperature
differences between measurement and sample collection can effect the turbidity of the
sample.
4. Colour interferes if light is absorbed at 530 nm. For strong coloured water samples a
filtrated portion of the sample can be used for zeroing instead of the deionised water.
5. Air bubbles interfere and can be removed using an ultrasonic bath.
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1.1 Methods
3 9 0
Urea with Tablet and Liquid Reagent
0.1 – 2.5 mg/l (NH
2
)
2
CO / mg/l Urea
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Countdown
5:00
start:
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add 2 drops of Urea reagent 1 to the water sample
(Note 9).
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Add 1 drop of Urea Reagent 2 (Urease) to the same water sample (Note 9).
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
9. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
10. Add one AMMONIA No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the prepared water sample and mix to dissolve with a clean stirring rod.
11. Add one AMMONIA No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and mix to dissolve with a clean stirring rod.
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Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
10:00
12. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
13. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
14. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Urea.
Notes:
1. The sample temperature should be between 20°C and 30°C.
2. Carry out the test at the latest one hour after sample taking.
3. Concentrations above 2 mg/l Urea can produce results inside the measuring range.
In this case, the water sample should be diluted with Urea free water and remeasured.
4. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
5. The AMMONIA No. 1 tablet will only dissolve completely after the AMMONIA No. 2
tablet has been added.
6. Do not store reagent 1 (Urease) below 10°C; granulation is possible.
Store reagent 2 (Urease) in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C to 8°C.
7. Ammonia and chloramines are also measured during urea measurement.
8. Before analysing seawater samples, a measuring spoon of Ammonia Conditioning
Powder must be added to the sample and swirled to dissolve before AMMONIA No. 1
tablet is added.
9. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze
slowly.
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1.1 Methods
4 0 0 Zinc with Tablet
0.02 – 1 mg/l Zn
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Countdown
5:00
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample .
2. Add one COPPER / ZINC LR tablet straight from the foil to the water sample, crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
3. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
4. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
5. Press ZERO key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes .
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
Zero accepted
press ZERO
press TEST
6. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
7. Add one EDTA tablet straight from the foil to the prepared vial and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Zinc.
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Notes:
1. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
2. In the case of high levels of residual chlorine, perform the analysis with a dechlorinated
water sample. To dechlorinate add one DECHLOR tablet to the water sample (point 1).
Crush and mix to dissolve the tablet. Then add the COPPER / ZINC LR tablet (point 2) and
continue with the test procedure as described above.
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1.2 Important notes
1.2.1 Correct use of reagents
The reagents must be added in the correct sequence.
Tablet reagents:
The tablet reagents should be added to the water sample straight from the foil without touching them with the fingers.
Liquid reagents:
Add drops of the same size to the water sample by holding the bottle vertically and squeezing slowly.
After use replace the bottle caps securely noting the colour coding.
Note recommendation for storage (e.g. cool and dry).
Powder Packs:
1 2
3 4
Vacu-vials ® from CHEMetrics:
Vacu-vials ® should be stored in the dark and at room temperature.
For further information see MSDS.
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1.2.2 Cleaning of vials and accessories for analysis
Vials, caps and stirring rods should be cleaned thoroughly after each analysis to prevent interferences.
Procedure:
Clean vials and accessories after each analysis as soon as possible.
a. Clean vials and accessories with laboratory detergent
(e.g. Extran ® MA 02 (neutral, phosphatic), Extran ® MA 03 (alkaline, phosphate-free) from Merck KGaA).
b. Rinse thoroughly with tap water.
c. On demand (see Notes) perform special cleaning as required, e.g.: rinse with diluted
Hydrochloric acid solution.
d. Rinse thoroughly with deionised water.
1.2.3 Guidelines for photometric measurements
1. Vials, caps and stirring rods should be cleaned thoroughly after each analysis to prevent interferences. Even minor reagent residues can cause errors in the test result.
2. The outside of the vial must be clean and dry before starting the analysis. Clean the outside of the vials with a towel. Fingerprints or other marks will be removed.
3. If there is no defined vial for the blank, the zeroing and the test must be carried out with the same vial as there may be slight differences in optical performance between vials.
4. The vials must be positioned in the sample chamber for zeroing and test with the mark on the vial aligned with the mark on the instrument.
Correct position of the vial (Ø 24 mm):
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5. Always perform zeroing and test with closed vial cap. Only use cap with sealing ring.
6. Bubbles on the inside wall of the vial lead to incorrect measurements. To prevent this, remove the bubbles by swirling the vial before performing the test.
7. Avoid spillage of water in the sample chamber. If water should leak into the instrument housing, it can destroy electronic components and cause corrosion.
8. Contamination of the lens in the sample chamber can result in errors. Check at regular intervals and – if necessary – clean the light entry surfaces of the sample chamber using a moist cloth or cotton buds.
9. Large temperature differences between the instrument and the environment can lead to errors – e.g. due to the formation of condensation in the area of the lens or on the vial.
10. To avoid errors caused by stray light do not use the instrument in bright sunlight.
Correct filling of the vial:
Insertion of the adapter: adapter 16 mm Ø adapter 13 mm Ø
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1.2.4 Sample dilution techniques
Proceed as follows for accurate dilutions:
Pipette the water sample (see table) into a 100 ml volumetric flask and fill up to 100 ml mark with deionised water. Swirl to mix the contents.
Water sample
[ml]
5
10
1
2
25
50
Multiplication factor
100
50
20
10
4
2
Pipette the required volume of the diluted sample into the vial and proceed as described in the test methods.
Caution:
1. Dilution decreases accuracy.
2. Do not dilute water samples for measurement of pH-values. This will lead to incorrect test results. If “Overrange” is displayed use another instrument (e.g. pH-meter).
1.2.5 Correcting for volume additions
If a larger volume of acid or base is used to pre-adjust the pH-value, a volume correction of the displayed result is necessary.
Example:
For adjusting the pH-value of a 100 ml water sample 5 ml of acid had to be added. The corresponding displayed result is 10 mg/l.
Total volume = 100 ml + 5 ml = 105 ml
Correction factor = 105 ml / 100 ml = 1.05
Corrected result = 10 mg/l x 1.05 = 10.5 mg/l
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Part 2
Instrument Manual
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2.1 Operation
2.1.1 Set up
Before working with the photometer insert the batteries (delivery contents). See chapter 2.1.2
Saving data – Important Notes, 2.1.3 Replacement of batteries.
Before using the photometer perform the following settings in the Mode-Menu:
•
•
•
•
MODE 10: select language
MODE 12: set date and time
MODE 34: perform „Delete data“
MODE 69: perform “User m. init” to initialise the userpolynomial system
See chapter 2.4 Photometer settings.
2.1.2 Saving data – Important Notes
The batteries save data (stored results and photometer setting).
During battery change the data in the MaxiDirect is saved for 2 minutes. If the change time exceeds 2 minutes all stored data and settings are lost.
Recommendation: for replacement a screwdriver and new batteries must be available.
2.1.3 Replacement of batteries
See chapter 2.1.2 "Saving data - important notes" before replacing batteries.
1. Switch the instrument off.
2. If necessary remove vial from the sample chamber.
3. Place the instrument upside down on a clean and even surface.
4. Unscrew the four screws (A) of the battery compartment cover (B).
5. Lift off battery compartment cover at the notch (C).
6. Remove old batteries (D).
7. Place 4 new batteries.
Ensuring the correct polarity!
8. Replace the battery compartment cover.
Check the seal ring (E) of the notch to make sure if is tight-fitting
9. Tighten the screws carefully.
CAUTION
Dispose of used batteries in accordance with all federal, state and local regulations.
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2.1.4 Instrument (explosion drawing):
(A) screws
(B) battery compartment cover
(C) notch
(D) batteries: 4 batteries (AA/LR6)
(E) seal ring
(F) instrument back
(B) battery compartment cover
(E) seal ring
AA/LR6
AA/LR6
AA
/LR
6
R6
AA/L
(F) instrument back
(A) screws
(C) notch
(D) batteries
•
•
CAUTION:
To ensure that the instrument is water proof: seal ring (E) must be in position battery compartment cover (B) must be fixed with the four screws
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2.2 Overview of function keys
2.2.1 Overview
ON
OFF
Switching the photometer on or off
Shift
Press shift key to achieve figures key 0-9.
Keep the shift key depressed and press desired figures key. e.g.: [Shift] + [1][1]
7
Esc
Returning to selection of methods or previous menu
F1
F2
F3
8
4
Mode
2 5
3
Store
9
Zero
6
Test
1
0
.
Function key: description in the text if key available
Function key: description in the text if key available
Function key: description in the text if key available
Confirming
Menu of photometer settings and further functions
Moving the cursor up or down
Storing of displayed test result
Performing Zero
Performing Test
Displaying date and time / user countdown
Decimal point
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2.2.2 Displaying time and date:
Press [“clock”] key.
19:30:22 2009-06-15
Esc
The display shows:
After 15 seconds the photometer reverts to the previous display automatically or press [ ] key or [ESC].
2.2.3 User countdown
With this function the operator is able to define his own countdown.
Press [“clock”] key.
19.30.20 2009-06-15
Countdown
mm : ss
99 : 99
0
Countdown
02:00
start:
2 0
The display shows time and date:
Press [“clock”] key.
The display shows:
Either press [ ] key to accept the last used user countdown.
0 or press any number key to start entering a new value
The entry comprises two digits each.
Enter minutes and seconds, e.g.: 2 minutes, 0 seconds = [Shift] + [0][2][0][0].
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Start countdown with [ ] key.
After countdown has finished the photometer reverts to the previous display automatically.
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2.3 Operation mode
ON
OFF
Switch the photometer on by pressing the [ON/OFF] key.
selftest ...
The photometer performs an electronic self-test.
2.3.1 Automatic switch off
The instrument switches off automatically after 20 minutes. This is indicated 30 seconds before by a beeper. Press any key to avoid the instrument switching off.
As long as the instrument is working (for example countdown or printing) the automatic switch off is inactive.
2.3.2 Selecting a method
The display shows a selection: >> 30 Alkalinity-m
35 Alkalinity-p
40 Aluminium
There are two possibilities to select the required method:
Shift
8 0 a) enter method-number directly e.g.: [Shift] + [8] [0] to select Bromine b) press arrow key [ ] or [ ] to select the required method from the displayed list.
Confirm with [ ] key.
2.3.2.1 Method Information (F1)
Use [F1] key to switch between the compact and the detailed list for method selection.
100 Chlorine
0.02-6 mg/l Cl
2
Tablet
24 mm
DPD No 1
DPD No 3
Example:
Line 1: Method number, Method name
Line 2: Range
Line 3: Kind of reagent
Line 4: Vial
Line 5-7: Used reagent tube = reagent vial contained in tube test
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2.3.2.2 Chemical Species Information
Pressing the [F2] key the display shows a list with available chemical species and corresponding ranges. Changing chemical species see chapter 2.3.7 page 214.
320 Phosphate LR T
0.05-4 mg/l PO
0.02-1.3 mg/l P
4
0.04-3 mg/l P
2
O
5
Line 1: Method number, Method name
Line 2: Range with chemical species 1
Line 3: Range with chemical species 2
Line 4: Range with chemical species 3
F1
F2
Chemical Species
Information
Information
F2
F2
Method List
F1
F1
Methods
Information
Method
2.3.3 Differentiation
Chlorine
>> diff free total
Differentiation is possible in some methods (e.g. Chlorine).
The photometer then requires the type of determination.
Press arrow key [ ] or [ ] to select the required determination.
Confirm with [ ] key.
2.3.4 Performing Zero
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero
The display shows:
Prepare a clean vial as described in “Method“ and place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
Press [ZERO] key.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
The display shows:
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2.3.5 Performing Tests
When zero calibration is complete, remove the vial from the sample chamber and perform the tests as described under “Method“.
When the results have been displayed:
- with some methods you can change between different chemical species
- you can store and/or print out the results
- perform further analysis with the same zero
- select a new method
2.3.6 Ensuring reaction periods (countdown)
To ensure compliance with reaction periods a time delay is incorporated: the countdown.
There are two kinds of countdowns:
Countdown
2:00
start:
• Press [ ] key.
Prepare water sample, start countdown with [ ] key and
proceed as described in the mode description.
The vial must not be placed in the sample chamber.
Test
Countdown
1:59
• Press [TEST] key.
Prepare the water sample as described in the method
description and place the vial in the sample chamber.
The display shows the countdown by pressing the [TEST]
key and the countdown is started automatically. After
the reaction period is finished the measurement starts
automatically.
Notes:
1. It is possible to finish the working countdown by pressing the [ ] key. Reading starts
immediately. In this case the operator is responsible for ensuring the necessary reaction
period.
Non-compliance with reaction periods leads to incorrect test results.
2. The time remaining is displayed continuously.
The beeper indicates the last 10 seconds.
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2.3.7 Changing chemical species
For some methods there is a possibility to change the chemical species of the test result.
If the test result is displayed press arrow key [ ] or [ ].
Example:
320 Phosphate LR T -----[ ]----> 320 Phosphate LR T <---- [ ] ----- 320 Phosphate LR T
0.05-4 mg/l PO
4
0.04-3 mg/l P
2
O
5
1.00 mg/l PO
<---- [ ] -----
4
0.02-1.3 mg/l P
0.33 mg/l P
------ [ ] ---->
0.75 mg/l P
2
O
5
If the species of a test result is changed the displayed range is adjusted automatically. For an already stored result it is not possible to change the chemical species. The last displayed chemical species is kept by the instrument and will be displayed if this method is used the next time. If there is the possibility to change the chemical species for a method it is described in the manual. The arrows indicate the possible chemical species and are printed below the notes of the method:
PO
4
P
P
2
O
5
2.3.8 Storing results
Press [STORE] key while the test result is displayed.
Store
Code-No.:
_ _ _ _ _ _
The display shows:
Shift
1 0 0 0 0 0
• We advise you to enter a numeric code (up to 6 places).
(A Code No. can contain references to the operator or
the sampling location.)
After entering confirm with [ ] key.
• If a code number is not necessary confirm by pressing
[ ] directly. (The assignment for the Code No. is then 0
automatically.)
The entire data set is stored with date, time, Code No., method and test result.
Stored!
214
The display shows:
The test result is then shown again.
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Storage: 900
free records left
Storage: only 29
free records left
Note:
The display shows the number of free data sets.
If there are less than 30 data sets free the display shows:
Clear the memory as soon as possible (see “Deleting stored results”). If memory capacity is used up it is impossible to save additional test results.
2.3.9 Printing results
(Infra-Red Interface Module) (optional)
If the IRIM (see chapter 2.5) is switched on and the printer is connected, it is possible to print out the test results (without saving it beforehand).
F3
Press [F3] key.
The entire data set is printed with date, time, Code No., method and test result. Printing example:
100 Chlorine T
0.02-6 mg/l Cl
2
Profi-Mode: no
2009-07-01 14:53:09
Test No.: 1
Code-Nr.: 007
4.80 mg/l Cl
2
The test No. is an internal number that is set automatically if a test result is stored. It appears only on the print out.
2.3.10 Perform additional measurements
To perform additional tests using the same method:
Test
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Test
Zero
prepare Zero
press ZERO
• Press [TEST] key
The display shows:
Confirm with [TEST] key
or
• Press [ZERO] key to perform a new zero calibration.
The display shows:
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2.3.11 Selecting a new method
Press [ESC] key to return to method selection.
Esc
1 6 0 Or enter the required method number directly, e.g. [Shift] + [1][6][0] for Cyanuric acid.
Confirm with [ ] key.
2.3.12 Measure absorbance
Range: –2600 mAbs to +2600 mAbs
Method-No.
900
910
920
930
940
950
Title mAbs 430 nm mAbs 530 nm mAbs 560 nm mAbs 580 nm mAbs 610 nm mAbs 660 nm
Select the desired wavelength from the method list or by entering the corresponding method number directly.
900 mAbs 430 nm
-2600 mAbs - + 2600 mAbs
prepare Zero
press ZERO
The display shows e.g.:
Always carry out zeroing using a filled (e.g. deionised water) vial.
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
The display shows:
Carry out measurement of the sample.
500 mAbs The display shows e.g.:
TIP: To ensure complete reaction times the user countdown may be helpful (chapter 2.2.3, page 210).
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2.4 Photometer settings: Table of Mode Functions
MODE-Function
Calibration
Clear calibration
Clock
Countdown
Delete data
Key beep
Langelier
Language
LCD contrast
Method list
M list all on
M list all off
Print, code no.
Print, date
No. Description
40 Special method calibration
46 Deleting user calibration
12 Setting date and time
13 Switching the countdown on/off to ensure reaction times
34 Deleting all stored results
11 Switching the acoustic signal on/off to indicate keypressing
70 Calculation of Langelier saturation Index
(Water Balance)
10 Selecting language
80 Setting the display contrast
60 User method list, adaption
61 User method list, switching on all methods
62 User method list, switching off all methods
20 Printing all stored results
22 Print only results of a selected Code No. range
21 Print only results of a selected time period
231
219
252
Print, method 23 Print only results of one selected method
Printing parameters 29 Setting of printing options
Profi-Mode
Signal beep
Storage
Stor., code
50 Switching the detailed operator instructions on/off
14 Switching the acoustic signal on/off to indicate end of reading
30 Displaying all stored results
225
226
241
221
227
32 Displaying only results of a selected Code No. range 229
Stor., date
Stor., method
System info
Temperature
User calibration
31 Displaying only results of a selected time period
33 Displaying only results of one selected method
91 Information about the instrument e.g. current software version
71 Selection of °C or °F for Langelier Mode 70
45 Storage of user calibration
228
230
254
253
239
243
222
224
223
218
254
242
243
Page
232
240
219
220
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User concentration
User polynoms
User methods clear
User methods print
User methods init
64 Entering the data necessary to run a user concentration method
244
65 Entering the data necessary to run a user polynomial 246
249 66 Delete all data of a user polynomial or of a concentration method
67 Print out all data stored with mode 64
(concentration) or mode 65 (polynomial)
69 Initialise the user method system
(polynomial and concentration)
250
251
The selected settings are kept by the photometer even when switched off. To change photometer settings a new setting is required.
2.4.1 blank because of technical requirements
2.4.2 Instrument basic settings 1
Selecting a language
1 0
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [1][0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Language>
Deutsch
>> English
Francais
The display shows:
Press arrow key [ ] or [ ] to select the required language from the displayed list.
Confirm with [ ] key.
218 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Key beep
1
Mode
1
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [1][1] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows: <Key-Beep>
ON: 1 OFF: 0
0
1
• Press [Shift] + [0] keys to switch the key beep off.
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to switch the key beep on.
Confirm with [ ] key.
Note:
In the case of methods with reaction periods, an acoustic signal still sounds during the last
10 seconds of the countdown even if the key beep is switched off.
Setting date and time
1 2
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [1][2] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<clock>
yy-mm-dd
_ _-_ _-_ _
yy-mm-dd
09-05-14
yy-mm-dd
09-05-14
The display shows: hh:mm
_ _:_ _
The entry comprises two digits each.
hh:mm
_ _:_ _ hh:mm
15:07
Enter year, month and day, e.g.: 14. May 2009 = [Shift] + [0][9][0][5][1][4]
Enter hours and minutes e.g.: 3.07 p.m. = [Shift] + [1][5][0][7]
Confirm with [ ] key.
Note:
While confirming date and time with [ ] key the seconds are adjusted to zero automatically.
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Countdown (Ensuring reaction periods)
Some methods require a reaction period. This reaction period is incorporated in the method as standard with the countdown function.
It is possible to switch the countdown off for all methods:
1 3
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [1][3] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Countdown>
ON: 1 OFF: 0
0
1
The display shows:
• Press [Shift] + [0] keys to switch the countdown off.
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to switch the countdown on.
Confirm with [ ] key.
Notes:
1. It is possible to interrupt the working countdown by pressing the [ ] key (application e.g.
serial analysis).
The “user countdown” is also available if the countdown is switched off.
2. If the countdown function is switched off, the operator is responsible for ensuring the
necessary reaction period.
Non-compliance with reaction periods leads to incorrect test results.
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Signal beep
Performing a zero or a measurement takes 8 seconds. The photometer indicates the end of zeroing or measuring by a short beep.
1 4
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [1][4] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Signal-Beep>
ON: 1 OFF: 0
0
The display shows:
1
• Press [Shift] +[0] keys to switch the signal beep off.
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to switch the signal beep on.
Confirm with [ ] key.
Note:
In the case of methods with reaction periods, an acoustic signal still sounds during the last
10 seconds of the countdown even if the key beep is switched off.
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2.4.3 Printing of stored results
Printing all results
Mode
2 0
<Print>
Print all Data
Start: cancel: ESC
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [2][0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Press [ ] key for printing out all stored test results.
Test No.: The display shows e.g.:
After printing the photometer goes back to <Mode-Menu> automatically.
Note:
It is possible to cancel the entry by [ESC].
All stored data are printed out.
See chapter 2.5.1 Data Printing.
222 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Printing results of a selected time period
Mode
2 1
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [2][1] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Print>
sorted: date
from yy-mm-dd
__-__-__
The display shows:
Enter year, month and day for the first day of the required period, e.g.: 14 May 2009 = [Shift] + [0][9][0][5][1][4]
to yy-mm-dd
__-__-__
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Enter year, month and day for the last day of the required period, e.g.: 19 May 2009 = [Shift] + [0][9][0][5][1][9]
Confirm with [ ] key.
from 2009-05-14
to 2009-05-19
Start:
cancel: ESC
The display shows:
Press [ ] key and all stored results in the selected date range are printed.
After printing the photometer goes back to mode menu automatically.
Note:
It is possible to cancel the entry by [ESC].
If you want to print only results of one day enter the same date twice to determine the period.
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Printing results of a selected Code No. range
Mode
2 2
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [2][2] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Print>
sorted: Code-No.
from _ _ _ _ _ _
The display shows:
Enter numeric code number (up to 6 places) for the first required Code No., e.g.: [Shift] + [1].
to _ _ _ _ _ _
from 000001
to 000010
Start:
cancel: ESC
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Enter numeric code number (up to 6 places) for the last required Code No., e.g.: [Shift] + [1][0].
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Press [ ] key and all stored results in the selected code number range are printed.
After printing the photometer goes back to mode menu automatically.
Note:
It is possible to cancel the entry by [ESC].
If you want to print only results of one code number enter the same code number twice.
If you want to print all results without code no. (code no. is 0) enter Zero [0] twice.
224 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Printing results of one selected method
Mode
2 3
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [2][3] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Print>
>> 20 Acid demand
30 Alkalinity-tot
40 Aluminium T
The display shows:
Select the required method from the displayed list or enter the method-number directly.
Confirm with [ ] key.
In case of differentiated methods select the required kind of determination and confirm with [ ] key.
<Print>
method
30 Alkalinity-tot
Start:
cancel: ESC
The display shows:
Press [ ] key and all stored results of the selected method are printed.
After printing the photometer goes back to mode menu automatically.
Note:
It is possible to cancel the entry by [ESC].
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Printing Parameter
2 9
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [2][9] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
<printing parameter>
1: Flow control
2: Baud rate
cancel: ESC
1
Press [Shift] + [1] keys to select ”Flow control”.
<Flow Control>
is: Xon/Xoff
select: [ ] [ ]
save:
cancel: ESC
The display shows:
Esc
2
Press arrow key [ ] or [ ] to select the required Protocol.
(Xon/Xoff, no control)
Confirm with [ ] key.
Finish with [ESC] key.
Flow Control will be set to the selection displayed at “is“.
Press [Shift] + [2] keys to select ”Baud rate”.
<Baud rate>
is: 19200
select: [ ] [ ]
save:
cancel: ESC
The display shows:
226 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Esc
Press arrow key [ ] or [ ] to select the required baud rate.
(1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200)
Confirm with [ ] key.
End with [ESC] key.
Back to Mode Menu with [ESC] key.
Back to method selection with [ESC] key.
2.4.4 Recall / delete stored results
Recall all stored results
3 0
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [3][0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Storage>
display all data
Start: cancel: ESC
print: F3
print all: F2
no data
The display shows:
The stored data sets are displayed in chronological order, starting with the latest stored test result. Press [ ] key and all stored results are displayed.
• Press [F3] key to print the displayed result.
• Press [F2] key to print all results.
• End with [ESC].
• Press arrow key [ ] to display the following test result.
• Press arrow key [ ] to display the previous test result.
If there are no test results in memory the display shows:
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Recall results of a selected time period
Mode
3 1
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [3][1] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Storage>
sorted: date
from yy-mm-dd
__-__-__
to yy-mm-dd
__-__-__
The display shows:
Enter year, month and day for the first day of the required period, e.g.: 14 May 2009 = [Shift] + [0][9][0][5][1][4]
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Enter year, month and day for the last day of the required period, e.g.: 19 May 2009 = [Shift] +[0][9[0][5][1][9]
Confirm with [ ] key.
from 2009-05-14
to 2009-05-19
Start: cancel: ESC
print: F3
print all: F2
The display shows:
• Press [ ] key and all stored results in the selected date range are displayed.
• Press [F3] key to print the displayed result.
• Press [F2] key to print all selected results.
• End with [ESC].
Note:
It is possible to cancel the entry by [ESC].
If you want to recall only results of one day enter the same date twice to determine the time period.
228 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Recall results of a selected Code No. range
Mode
3 2
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [3][2] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Storage>
sorted: Code-No.
from _ _ _ _ _ _
The display shows:
Enter numeric code number (up to 6 places) for the first required Code No., e.g.: [Shift] + [1].
to _ _ _ _ _ _
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Enter numeric code number (up to 6 places) for the last required Code No., e.g.: [Shift] + [1][0].
Confirm with [ ] key.
from
to
000001
000010
Start: cancel: ESC
print: F3
print all: F2
The display shows:
• Press [ ] key and all stored results in the selected
Code No. range are displayed.
• Press [F3] key to print the displayed result.
• Press [F2] key to print all selected results.
• End with [ESC].
Note:
It is possible to cancel the entry by [ESC].
If you want to recall only results of one code number enter the same code number twice.
If you want to recall all results without code no. (code no. is 0) enter Zero [0] twice.
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Recall results of one selected method
3 3
Mode Press [MODE], [Shift] + [3][3] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Storage>
>> 20 Acid demand
30 Alkalinity-tot
40 Aluminium T
The display shows:
Select the required method from the displayed list or enter the method number directly.
Confirm with [ ] key.
In case of differentiated methods select the required kind of determination and confirm with [ ] key.
<Storage>
method
30 Alkalinity-tot
Start: cancel: ESC
print: F3
print all: F2
The display shows:
• Press [ ] key and all stored results of the selected method are displayed.
• Press [F3] key to print the displayed result.
• Press [F2] key to print all selected results.
• End with [ESC].
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Delete stored results
3 4
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [3][4] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Delete data>
Delete all data?
YES : 1 NO : 0
0
The display shows:
1
•
•
Press [Shift] + [0] keys to retain the data sets in memory.
After pressing keys [Shift] + [1] the following acknowledgment is displayed:
<Delete data>
Delete data
Do not delete: ESC
Press [ ] key to delete.
ATTENTION:
All stored test results are deleted
Note:
All stored test results are deleted.
or cancel without deleting data by pressing [ESC] key.
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2.4.5 Calibration
Calcium Hardness Method 191 –
Calibration of a method blank
4 0
Mode Press [MODE], [Shift] + [4] [0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Calibration>
1: M191 Ca-Hardness 2
2: M191 0 Jus. Reset
3: M170 Fluoride L
1
The display shows:
Press [Shift] + [1] keys.
<Calibration>
M191 Calcium Hardness 2T
prepare ZERO
press ZERO
The display shows:
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with exactly 10 ml of deionised water, close tightly with the cap.
Zero
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Pipette 100 ml of water free of calcium to an appropriate beaker (note 2, 3).
6. Add 10 CALCIO H No. 1 tablets straight from the foil to the 100 ml of water, crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablets completely.
Zero accepted
Countdown
2:00
start:
7. Add 10 CALCIO H No. 2 tablets straight from the foil to the same water, crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablets completely.
8. Press [ ] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes .
232 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
prepare TEST
press TEST
stored
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
9. Rinse the vial (24 mm Ø) with the coloured sample from the beaker and fill with 10 ml of the sample.
10. Press TEST key.
The batch related method blank is saved.
Press [ ] key, to go back to mode menu.
Notes:
1. If a new batch of CALCIO tablets is used a calibration of the method blank has to be
performed to optimise the results.
2. Deionised or tap water
3. If no water free of Calcium is available these ions can be masked by using EDTA.
Preparation: Add 50 mg (a spatula-tipful) EDTA to 100 ml water and dissolve.
4. To achieve the most accurate method blank it is important to adhere exactly to the
sample volume of 100 ml.
Calcium Hardness Method 191 –
Reset method blank to factory calibration
4 0
Mode Press [MODE], [Shift] + [4] [0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Calibration>
1: M191 Ca-Hardness 2
2: M191 0 Jus. Reset
3: M170 Fluoride L
2
The display shows:
Press [Shift] + [2] keys.
<Calibration>
M191 Calcium Hardness 2T
Reset ?
YES: 1, NO: 0
The display shows:
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0
1
Press [Shift] + [0] keys to keep the method blank.
Press [Shift] + [1] keys to erase the method blank and set the value back to factory calibration.
The instrument goes back to mode menu automatically.
Fluoride Method 170
4 0
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [4] [0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Calibration>
1: M191 Ca-Hardness 2
2: M191 0 Jus. Reset
3: M170 Fluoride L
3
The display shows:
Press [Shift] + [3] keys.
<Calibration>
M170 Fluoride L
Zero: deionised water
press ZERO
The display shows:
234
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with exactly 10 ml of deionised water , close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add exactly 2 ml SPADNS reagent solution to the water sample. Caution: Vial is filled up to the top!
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times to mix the contents.
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Zero accepted
T1: 0 mg/l F
press TEST
T1 accepted
T2: 1 mg/l F
press TEST
Calibration
accepted
Esc
1 7 0
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber, empty the vial, rinse vial and cap several times and then fill the vial with exactly 10 ml Fluoride standard (Concentration 1 mg/l F).
10. Add exactly 2 ml SPADNS reagent solution to the
Fluoride standard.
Caution: Vial is filled up to the top!
11. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
12. Press TEST key.
The display shows:
Confirm with [ ] key.
Back to method selection with ESC key.
Select Fluoride method with keys [Shift] + [1][7][0] and [ ].
Error, absorbance
T2>T1
If an error message appears please repeat adjustment.
Notes:
1. The same batch of SPADNS reagent solution must be used for adjustment and test.
The adjustment process needs to be performed for each new batch of SPADNS reagent
solution (see Standard methods 20th, 1998, APHA, AWWA, WEF 4500 F D., S. 4-82).
2. As the test result is highly dependent on exact sample and reagent volumes, the sample
and reagent volumes should always be metered by using a 10 ml resp. 2 ml volumetric
pipette (class A).
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User Calibration
If a test method is user calibrated the method name is displayed inverse.
Procedure:
• Prepare a standard of known concentration and use this standard instead of the sample according to the test procedure.
• It is recommend to use well known standards which are formulated according to DIN EN,
ASTM or other international norms or to use certified standards which are commercially available.
• After measuring this standard solution it is possible to change the displayed results to the required value.
• If a method uses a mathematic equation for the calculation of the result, it is only possible to calibrate the basic tests since all the other tests use the same polynomial.
• The same applies for some test procedures which use a polynomial from another test procedure.
Return to factory calibration:
If the user calibration is deleted the factory calibration is automatically activated.
Remarks:
The method ”Fluoride” cannot be calibrated with mode 45 since the test requires a calibration related to the batch of the liquid reagent (SPADNS) (mode 40, chapter
”Fluoride Method 170”).
Table
No. Method
50
60
62
65
20
35
30
40
Acid demand
Alkalinity-p
Alkalinity-total
Aluminium T
Aluminium PP
Ammonia T
Ammonia PP
Ammonia LR TT
66
85
80
63
Ammonia HR TT
Boron
Bromine
Chloramine, mono
90 Chloride
100 Chlorine T
101 Chlorine L
110 Chlorine PP
105 Chlorine (KI) HR
120 Chlorine dioxide
236
Recommended range for user calibration
1–3 mmol/l
100–300 mg/l CaCO
3
50–150 mg/l CaCO
3
0.1–0.2 mg/l Al
0.1–0.2 mg/l Al
0.3–0.5 mg/l N
0.3–0.5 mg/l N
1 mg/l N
20 mg/l N
1 mg/l B
Calibration with basic test 100 Chlorine free
3–4 mg/l Cl
2
10–20 mg/l Cl
0.5–1.5 mg/l Cl
Calibration with basic test 100 Chlorine free
0.5–1 mg/l Cl
2
70–150 mg/l Cl
Calibration with basic test 100 Chlorine free
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No. Method Recommended range for user calibration
130 COD LR
131 COD MR
132 COD HR
204 Colour
150 Copper T
153 Copper PP
100 mg/l O
2
500 mg/l O
2
5 g/l O
2
= 5000 mg/lO
2 operating range
0.5–1.5 mg/l Cu
0.5–1.5 mg/l Cu
157 Cyanide
160 Cyanuric acid
165 DEHA T
167 DEHA PP
0.1–0.3 mg/l CN
30–60 mg/l Cys
200–400 μg/l DEHA
200 μg/l DEHA
170 Fluoride Calibration with 0 and 1 mg/l F through Mode 40
190
191
Hardness, Calcium
Hardness, Calcium
100–200 mg/l CaCO
3
100–200 mg/l CaCO
3
200 Hardness, total T 15–25 mg/l CaCO
3
201 Hardness, total HR T Calibration with basic test 200 Hardness, total
205 Hydrazine P
206
207
210
215
Hydrazine L
Hydrazine C
Hydrogen peroxide
Iodine
0.2–0.4 mg/l N
2
H
4
0.2–0.4 mg/l N
2
H
4
0.2–0.4 mg/l N
2
H
4
Calibration with basic test100 Chlorine free
Calibration with basic test 100 Chlorine free
220 Iron T
222 Iron PP
223 Iron (TPTZ) PP
240 Manganese T
242 Manganese PP
243 Manganese HR PP
250 Molybdate T
252 Molybdate HR PP
265 Nitrate TT
0.3–0.7 mg/l Fe
0.1–2 mg/l Fe
0.3–0.7 mg/l Fe
1–2 mg/l Mn
0.1–0.4 mg/l Mn
4–6 mg/l Mn
5–15 mg/l Mo
10–30 mg/l Mo
10 mg/l N
270 Nitrite T
272 Nitrite LR PP
280 Nitrogen, total LR
281 Nitrogen, total HR
300 Ozone (DPD)
290 Oxygen, active
292 Oxygen, dissolved
329 pH-Value LR
330 pH-Value T
331 pH-Value L
332 pH-Value HR
70 PHMB
320 Phosphate LR T
321 Phosphate HR T
0.2–0.3 mg/l N
0.1–0.2 mg/l N
10 mg/l N
50–100 mg/l N
Calibration with basic test 100 Chlorine free
Calibration with basic test 100 Chlorine free possible against meter for dissolved oxygen
6.0–6.6
7.6–8.0
7.6–8.0
8.6–9.0
15–30 mg/l
1–3 mg/l PO
4
30–50 mg/l PO
4
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No. Method Recommended range for user calibration
323 Phosphate, ortho PP 0.1–2 mg/l PO
4
324 Phosphate, ortho TT 3 mg/l PO
4
327 Phosphate 1, ortho C 20–30 mg/l PO
4
328
325
Phosphate 2, ortho C
Phosphate, total TT
1–3 mg/l PO
0.3–6 mg/l P
4
326
316
340
Phosphate, hydr. TT
Phosphonate
Potassium
0.3–0.6 mg/L P
1–2 mg/l PO
4
3 mg/l K
350
351
Silica
Silica LR PP
0.5–1.5 mg/l SiO
2
1 mg/l SiO
2
352 Silica HR PP 50 mg/l SiO
2
212 Sodium hypochlorite 8 %
360 Sulfate PP
355 Sulfate T
365
370
384
386
Sulfide
Sulfite
Suspended Solids
Turbidity
50 mg/l SO
4
50 mg/l SO
4
0.2–0.4 mg/l S
3–4 mg/l SO
3 operating range operating range
390 Urea
400 Zinc
1–2 mg/l CH
4
N
2
0.2–0.4 mg/L Zn
O
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Store user calibration
100 Chlorine T
0.02-6 mg/l Cl2
0.90 mg/l free Cl2
4 5
Mode
Perform the required method as described in the manual using a standard of known concentration instead of the water sample.
If the test result is displayed press [MODE], [Shift] + [4] [5] keys and confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows: <user calibration>
100 Chlorine T
0.02-6 mg/l Cl2
0.90 mg/l free Cl2
up: , down:
save:
Jus Factor
saved
100 Chlorine T
0.02-6 mg/l Cl2
1.00 mg/l free Cl2
Pressing the arrow key [ ] once increases the displayed result.
Pressing the arrow key [ ] once decreases the displayed result.
Press keys till the displayed result corresponds to the value of the standard.
Confirm with [ ] key to store the new calibration factor.
Cancel user calibration by pressing [ESC] key.
The display shows:
Now the method name is displayed inverse and the test result is calculated with the new calibration factor.
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239
Delete user calibration
This chapter only applies for methods which can be user calibrated.
100 Chlorine T
0.02-6 mg/l Cl2
Select the required method.
prepare ZERO
press ZERO
Mode
4 6
Instead of zeroing the instrument press [MODE], [Shift] +
[4][6] keys and confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows: <user calibration>
100 Chlorine T
0.02-6 mg/l Cl2
clear user
calibration?
YES: 1, NO: 0
1
0
Press [Shift] + [1] keys to delete user calibration.
Press [Shift] + [0] keys to keep the valid user calibration.
The instrument goes back to Zero-query automatically.
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2.4.6 Lab function
Reduced operator guidance => “Profi-Mode“
This function may be used for routine analyses with many samples of one method.
The following information is always stored in the methods: a) Method b) Range c) Date and time d) Differentiation of results e) Detailed operator instruction f) Compliance with reaction periods
If the Profi-Mode is active, the photometer provides only a minimum of operator instructions.
The criteria specified above in d, e, f are no longer included.
5 0
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [5][0] keys in succession.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Profi-Mode>
ON : 1 OFF : 0
0
The display shows:
1
• Press [Shift] + [0] keys to switch the Profi-Mode off.
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to switch the Profi-Mode on.
switched off
or
switched on
The display shows:
Confirm with [ ] key.
Note:
Storage of test results is possible. When results are stored the display also shows
“Profi-Mode” .
The selected settings are kept by the photometer even whein it is switched off. To change photometer setting a new setting is required.
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241
2.4.7 User operations
User method list
After switching on the instrument a scroll list of all available methods is automatically shown in the display. To shorten this list according to the requirements of the user it is possible to create a user defined scroll list.
The program structure requires that this list must have at least one active (switched on) method. For this reason it is necessary to activate first all required methods and then to switch off the automatically activated one if this method is not required.
User-method list, adaptation
Mode
6 0
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [6][0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Method list>
selected: •
toggle: F2
save:
cancel: ESC
<Method list>
>> 30 •Alkalinity-tot
40•Aluminium
50•Ammonium
....
>> 30 •Alkalinity-tot
F2
>> 30 Alkalinity-tot
F2
>> 30 •Alkalinity-tot
The display shows:
Start with [ ] key.
The complete method list is displayed.
Methods with a point [•] behind the method number will be displayed in the method selection list. Methods without a point will not be displayed in the method selection list.
Press key [ ] or [ ] to select the required method from the displayed list.
Switch with [F2] key between “active” [•] and “inactive” [ ].
Select next method, activate or inactivate it and continue.
Confirm with [ ] key.
Cancel without storing by pressing [ESC] key.
Recommendation:
If only a few methods are required it is recommended to perform Mode 62 first, followed by Mode 60.
All user Polynomials (1-25) and Concentrations (1-10) are displayed in the method list, although they are not programmed by the user. Non-programmed user methods can’t be activated!
242 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
User method list, switch all methods on
This mode function activates all methods. After switching on the instrument a scroll list of all available methods is automatically shown in the display.
6 1
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [6][1] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Mlist all on>
switch on all
methods
YES: 1, NO: 0
1
The display shows:
0
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to display all methods in the method selection list.
• Press [Shift] + [0] keys to keep the valid method selection list.
The instrument goes back to mode menu automatically.
User method list, switch all methods off
The program structure requires that the method list must have at least one active (switched on) method. For this reason the instrument activates one method automatically.
6 2
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [6][2] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Mlist all off>
switch off all
methods
YES: 1, NO: 0
1
The display shows:
0
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to display only one method in the method selection list.
• Press [Shift] + [0] keys to keep the valid method selection list.
The instrument goes back to mode menu automatically.
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User Concentration Methods
It is possible to enter and store up to 10 User Concentration Methods.
Therefor you need 2 to 14 standards of known concentration and one blank (deionised water or reagent blank value). The Standards should be measured with increasing concentrations and from the brightest to the darkest colouration.
The measuring range for „Underrange“ and „Overrange“ is defined with –2600 mAbs* and
+2600 mAbs*. After selection of a method the concentration of the lowest and highest used standard is displayed as measuring range. The operation range should be within this range to achieve best results.
*1000 mAbs = 1 Abs = 1 E (displayed)
Entering a User Concentration:
Mode
6 4
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [6][4] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
< User concentr.>
choose no.: ____
(850-859)
8 5 0
Entry Procedure:
The display shows:
Overwrite conc. meth.?
YES: 1, NO: 0
wavelength:
1: 530 nm
2: 560 nm
3: 610 nm
4: 430 nm
5: 580 nm
6: 660 nm
2
Enter a method number in the range from 850 to 859, e.g.: [Shift] + [8][5][0]
Confirm with [ ] key.
Note: if the entered number has already been used to save a concentration the display shows the query:
• Press [Shift] + [0] or [ESC] keys to go back to method no.
query.
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to start entry mode.
Enter the required wavelength, e.g.: [Shift] + [2] for
560 nm.
Press [ ] or [ ] keys to select the required unit.
choose unit:
>> mg/l g/l mmol/l mAbs
µg/l
E
A
%
Confirm with [ ] key.
244 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
choose resolution
1: 1
2: 0.1
3: 0.01
4: 0.001
3
< User concentr.>
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero
< User concentr.>
Zero accepted
S1: +________
| ESC | F1
0 0
.
5
< User concentr.>
S1: 0.05 mg/l
prepare
press TEST
Test
S1: 0.05 mg/l
mAbs: 12
S1 accepted
S2: +________
| ESC | F1
0 1
.
Press the appropriate numerical key to select the required resolution, e.g.: [Shift] + [3] for 0.01.
Note:
Please enter the required resolution according to the instrument pre-sets: range
0.000 ...9.999
10.00 ...99.99
100.0... 999.9
1000 ...9999
max. resolutions
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Measurement procedure with standards of known concentration:
The display shows:
Prepare Zero and press [Zero] key.
Note:
Use deionised water or reagent blank value.
The display shows:
Enter the concentration of the first standard; e.g.: [Shift] + [0][.][0][5]
• One step back with [ESC].
• Press [F1] key to reset numerical input.
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Prepare the first standard and press [Test] key.
The display shows the input value and the measured absorption value. Confirm with [ ] key.
Enter the concentration of the second standard; e.g.: [Shift] + [0][.][1]
• One step back with [ESC].
• Press [F1] key to reset numerical input.
Confirm with [ ] key.
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S2: 0.10 mg/l
prepare
press TEST
S2: 0.10 mg/l
mAbs: 150
S2 accepted
S3: +________
| ESC | F1 | Store
Prepare the second standard and press [Test] key.
The display shows the input value and the measured absorption value. Confirm with [ ] key.
Note:
• Perform as described above to measure further stan-
dards.
• The minimum of measured standards is 2.
• The maximum of measured standards is 14 (S1 to S14).
If all required standards or the maximum value of 14 standards are measured press [Store] key.
Store
stored!
The display shows:
The instrument goes back to the mode menu automatically.
Now the concentration is stored in the instrument and can be recalled by entering its method number or selecting it from the displayed method list.
TIP:
Save all your concentration data in a written form because in case of power outage
(e.g. changing the battery) all concentration data will be lost and must be entered again.
You might want to use Mode 67 to transfer all concentration data to a PC.
User Polynomials
It is possible to enter and store up to 25 User Polynomials.
The program allows the user to apply a Polynomial up to the 5th degree: y = A + Bx + Cx 2 + Dx 3 + Ex 4 + Fx 5
If only a Polynomial of a lower degree is necessary the other coefficients are specified as zero (0), e.g.: for the 2nd degree is D, E, F = 0.
The values of the coefficients A, B, C, D, E, F must be entered in an academic notation with maximal 6 decimal places, e.g.: 121,35673 = 1,213567E+02
Entering a User Polynomial:
5
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [6][5] keys.
Mode
6
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
<User polynoms>
choose no.: ____
(800-824)
8 0 0
246
Enter a method number in the range from 800 to 824, e.g.: [Shift] + [8][0][0]
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Overwrite polynom?
YES: 1, NO: 0
wavelength:
1: 530 nm
2: 560 nm
3: 610 nm
4: 430 nm
5: 580 nm
6: 660 nm
2
Confirm with [ ] key.
Note: if the entered number has already been used to save a polynomial the display shows the query:
• Press [Shift] + [0] or [ESC] keys to go back to method no.
query.
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to start entry mode.
Enter the required wavelength, e.g.: [2] for 560 nm.
< User polynoms>
y = A+Bx+Cx 2 +Dx 3 +
Ex 4 +Fx 5
A: +________
1 3
.
2
A: 1.32____ E+____
3
B: +________
measurement range
Min mAbs: +________
Max mAbs: +________
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
• Press [ ] or [ ] key to change between plus and minus
sign
• Enter data of the coefficient A including decimal point,
e.g.: [Shift] + [1][.][3][2]
• Press [F1] key to reset numerical input.
Confirm with [ ] key.
• Press [ ] or [ ] key to change between plus and minus
sign
• Enter the exponent of the coefficient A, e.g.: [Shift] + [3]
Confirm with [ ] key.
Successively the instrument queries the data for the other coefficients (B, C, D, E and F).
Note:
If zero [0] is entered for the value of the coefficient, the input of the exponent is omitted automatically.
Confirm every input with [ ] key.
Enter measurement ranges from – 2600 to +2600 mAbs.
• Press [ ] or [ ] key to change between plus and minus
sign.
• Enter the values in Absorbance (mAbs) for the upper limit
(Max) and the lower limit (Min).
Confirm every input with [ ] key.
247
choose unit:
>>
% mg/l g/l mmol/l mAbs
µg/l
E
A
Press [ ] or [ ] keys to select the required unit.
choose resolution
1: 1
2: 0.1
3: 0.01
4: 0.001
3
Confirm with [ ] key.
Press the appropriate numerical key to select the required resolution, e.g.: [Shift] + [3] for 0.01.
Note:
Please enter the required resolution according to the instrument pre-sets: range max. resolutions
0.000 ...9.999
10.00 ...99.99
0.001
0.01
100.0... 999.9
1000 ...9999
0.1
1
stored!
The display shows:
The instrument goes back to the mode menu automatically.
Now the polynomial is stored in the instrument and can be recalled by entering its method number or selecting it from the displayed method list.
TIP:
Save all your polynomial data in a written form because in case of power outage
(e.g. changing the battery) all polynomial data will be lost and must be entered again.
You might want to use Mode 67 to transfer all polynomial data to a PC.
248 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Delete User Methods (Polynomial or Concentration)
In principle a valid user method can be overwritten.
An existing user method (Polynomial or Concentration) can be totally deleted as well and is removed out of the method selection list:
6 6
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [6][6] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<User m. clear>
choose no.: _______
(800-824), (850-859)
8 0 0
The display shows:
Enter the number of the User Method you want to delete
(in the range from 800 to 824 or 850 to 859), e.g.: [Shift] + [8][0][0]
Confirm with [ ] key.
The query is displayed: M800
delete?
YES: 1, NO: 0
1
0
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to delete the selected
User Method.
• Press [Shift] + [0] keys to keep the valid User Method.
The instrument goes back to mode menu automatically.
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249
Print Data of User Methods (Polynomials & Concentration)
With this Mode function all data (e.g. wavelength, unit ...) of stored user polynomials and concentration methods can be printed out or transferred with HyperTerminal to a PC.
6 7
Mode
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [6][7] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<User m. print>
Start:
The display shows:
Press [ ] key to print out the data (e.g. wavelength, unit, ...) of all stored User Methods.
M800
M803
...
The display shows e.g.:
After data transfer the photometer goes back to mode menu automatically.
250 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Initialise User Method System (Polynomials & Concentration)
Power loss will cause incoherent data. The user method system must be initialised with this mode function to set it to a predefined state.
ATTENTION:
All stored user methods (polynomial & concentration) are deleted with initialisation.
Mode
6 9
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [6][9] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<User m. init>
Start:
The display shows:
Confirm with [ ] key.
The query is displayed: Initialising?
YES: 1, NO: 0
1
0
• Press [Shift] + [1] keys to start initialisation.
• Press [Shift] + [0] keys to to cancel without initialisation.
The instrument goes back to mode menu automatically.
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251
2.4.8 Special functions
Langelier Saturation Index (Water Balance)
For calculation the following tests are required:
• pH-value
• Temperature
• Calcium hardness
• Total Alkalinity
• TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)
Run each test separately and note the results.
Calculate the Langelier Saturation Index as described:
Calculation of Langelier Saturation Index
Mode
7 0
With Mode 71 (see below) it is possible to select between degree Celsius or degree Fahrenheit.
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [7][0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<Langelier>
temperature °C:
3°C <=T<=53°C
+_ _ _ _
The display shows:
calcium hardness
50<=CH<=1000
+_ _ _ _
Enter the temperature value (T) in the range between 3 and
53°C and confirm with [ ] key. If °F was selected, enter the temperature value in the range between 37 and 128°F.
The display shows:
Enter the value for Calcium hardness (CH) in the range between 50 and 1000 mg/l CaCO
3
and confirm with [ ] key.
tot. alkalinity
5<=TA<=800
+_ _ _ _
The display shows:
Enter the value for Total Alkalinity (TA) in the range between
5 and 800 mg/l CaCO
3
and confirm with [ ] key.
total dissol. solids
0<=TDS<=6000
+_ _ _ _
The display shows:
Enter the value for TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) in the range between 0 and 6000 mg/l and confirm with [ ] key.
252 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
pH value
0<=pH<=12
+_ _ _ _
<Langelier>
Langelier
saturation index
0.00
Esc
Examples:
CH<=1000 mg/l CaCO3!
CH>=50 mg/l CaCO3!
The display shows:
Enter the pH-value in the range between 0 and 12 and confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows the Langelier Saturation Index.
Press [ ] key to start new calculation.
Return to mode menu by pressing [ESC] key.
Operating error:
Values out of defined range:
The entered value is too high.
The entered value is too low.
Confirm display message with [ ] key and enter a value in the defined range.
Selection of temperature unit
Entering the temperature value is possible in degree Celsius or degree Fahrenheit.
Therefore the following preselection is (once) required.
7 1
Mode Press [MODE], [Shift] + [7][1] keys.
<temperature>
1: °C 2: °F
1
2
Confirm with [ ] key.
The display shows:
Press [Shift] + [1] keys to select degree Celsius.
Press [Shift] + [2] keys to select degree Fahrenheit.
The instrument goes back to mode menu automatically.
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253
2.4.9 Instrument basic settings 2
Adjusting display contrast
Mode
8 0
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [8][0] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<LCD contrast>
The display shows:
Store
Test
• Press arrow key [ ] to increase contrast of the LCD display.
• Press arrow key [ ] to decrease contrast of the LCD display.
• Press [ Store] key to increase contrast of the LCD display about ten units.
• Press [ Test] key to decrease contrast of the LCD display about ten units.
Confirm with [ ] key.
2.4.10 Instrument special functions /service
Photometer-Information
Mode
9 1
Press [MODE], [Shift] + [9][1] keys.
Confirm with [ ] key.
<System-Info>
Software:
V201.001.1.001.002
more: , cancel: Esc
<System-Info>
Number of Tests:
139
free records left
999
cancel: Esc
254
This method informs you about the current software version, about the current detected mains power supply, about the number of performed tests and free memory capacity.
Press arrow key [ ] to display the number of performed tests and free memory capacity.
Finish with [ESC] key.
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
2.5 Data transfer
To print data or to transmit to a PC the optional IRIM (Infra-Red Interface Module) is required.
2.5.1 Data Printing
Besides the IRIM module the following printer is required to print data directly using the USB
Interface of the module: HP Deskjet 6940.
2.5.2 Data transfer to a personal computer
Besides the IRIM a transfer program, is required to transmit test results.
Please find detailed information in the IRIM manual or at our homepage in the downloadarea.
2.5.3 Internet Updates
To connect the instrument to the serial interface of a computer the optional connection cable with integrated electronic system is required.
It is possible to update new software applications and additional languages via the internet. Please find detailed information at our homepage in the download-area (as soon as available).
How to open and close the battery compartment cover see chapter 2.1.3!
Please Note:
To prevent loss of stored test results store or print them out before performing an Update.
If the update procedure is interrupted (eg. interruption of connection, LoBat., etc.) the instrument isn´t able to work (no display). The instrument will only work again after completing the data transfer.
RJ 45 connector
A
A
/LR
6
R6
/L
AA
AA
/L
R6
R6
/L
AA
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
255
256 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Part 3
Enclosure
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
257
3.1 Unpacking
Carefully inspect all items to ensure that every part of the list below is present and no visible damage has occurred during shipment. If there is any damage or something is missing, please contact your local distributor immediately.
3.2 Delivery contents
Standard contents for MaxiDirect:
1 Photometer in plastic case
4 batteries (Type AA/LR 6)
1 Instruction manual
1 Guarantee declaration
1 Certificate of compliance
Adapter for 16 mm Ø vials
Adapter for 13 mm Ø vials
Round vials with cap, height 48 mm, Ø 24 mm
Round vials with cap, height 90 mm, Ø 16 mm
Cleaning brush
Stirring rod, plastic
Reagent sets, IRIM module and connection cable with integrated electronic system are not part of the standard scope of delivery. Please see the General Catalogue for details of available reagent sets.
3.3 blank because of technical requirements
258 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
3.4 Technical data
Display
Serial Interface
Light source
Wavelength accuracy
Photometric accuracy*
Photometric resolution
Protection
Operation
Power supply
Auto off
Dimensions
Weight (unit)
Working condition
Language options
Storage capaity
Graphic Display
IR interface for data transfer
RJ45 connector for internet updates (see chapter 2.5.3) light-emitting diode – photosensor – pair arrangement in a transparent measurement chamber
Wavelength ranges:
1 = 530 nm IF = 5 nm
2 = 560 nm IF = 5 nm
3 = 610 nm IF = 6 nm
4 = 430 nm IF = 5 nm
5 = 580 nm IF = 5 nm
6 = 660 nm IF = 5 nm
IF = Interference filter
± 1 nm
2% FS (T = 20°C – 25°C)
0.005 A conforming to IP 68 (1 h, 0.1 m)
Acid and solvent resistant touch-sensitive keyboard with integral beeper as acoustic indicator.
4 batteries (Type AA/LR 6); lifetime: approx. 26 hours continuous use or 3500 tests
20 minutes after last function,
30 seconds acoustical signal before switch off approx. 210 x 95 x 45 mm (unit) approx. 395 x 295 x 106 mm (case) approx. 450 g
5 – 40°C at max. 30–90% relative humidity
(without condensation)
English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese,
Polish; further languages via Internet Update ca. 1000 data sets
* measured with standard solutions
Subject to technical modification!
To ensure maximum accuracy of test results, always use the reagent systems supplied by the instrument manufacturer.
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259
P
PP
T
TT
LR
MR
HR
C
L
DEHA
DPD
DTNB
PAN
PDMAB
PPST
TPTZ
3.5 Abbreviations
Abbreviation
°C
°F
°dH
°fH
°eH
°aH
Abs
μg/l mg/l g/l
KI
K
S 4.3
TDS
Definition degree Celsius (Centigrade) degree Fahrenheit °F = (°C x 1.8) + 32 degree German Hardness degree French hardness degree English Hardness degree American Hardness
Absorption unit (= Extinction E)
^ 1A = 1E
(= ppb) Microgram per litre
(= ppm) Milligram per litre
(= ppth) gram per litre
Potassium iodide
Acid demand to pH 4.3 – this method is similar to Total Alkalinity but converted into the unit “mmol/l”, as the German DIN 38409 demand.
Total Dissolved Solids
Low Range
Medium Range
High Range
Reagents from Chemetrics ©
Liquid reagent
Powder (reagent)
Powder Pack
Tablet
Tube Test
N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine
Diethyl-p-phenylendiamine
Ellmans reagent
1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-napthol
Paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde
3-(2-Pyridyl)-5,6-bis(4-phenylsulfonic acid)1,2,4-triazine
2,4,6-Tri-(2-Pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine
260 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
3.6 Troubleshooting
3.6.1 Operating messages in the display / error display
Display Possible Causes Elimination
Overrange
Underrange
Storagesystem error use Mode 34
Battery warning reading is exceeding the range water sample is too cloudy too much light on the photo cell if possible dilute sample or use other measuring range filtrate water sample seal on the cap?
Repeat measurement with seal on the cap of the vial.
result is under the detection limit indicate result with lower x mg/l x = low end of measuring range; if necessary use other analytical method mains power fails or is not connected insert or change battery.
Delete data with Mode 34 full capacity warning signal every 3 minutes warning signal every 12 seconds warning signal, the instrument switches itself off capacity of the battery is too low; change the batteries
The user calibration is out of the accepted range
Please check the standard, reaction time and other possible faults.
Repeat the user calibration.
Jus Overrange
E4
Jus Underrange
E4
Overrange
E1
Underrange
E1
E40 user calibration not possible
Zero not accepted
The concentration of the standard is too high/too low, so that during user calibration the limit of the range was exceeded
Perform the test with a standard of higher/lower concentration
If the display shows Overrange/
Underrange for a test result a user calibration is not possible
Light absorption is too great or too low
Perform the test with a standard of higher/lower concentration
Refer to chapter 2.3.4
Performing Zero.
Clean sample chamber.
Repeat zeroing.
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261
262
Display
???
Possible Causes
The calculation of a value
(e.g. combined Chlorine) is not possible
Elimination
Test procedure correct?
If not – repeat test
Example 1
0,60 mg/l free Cl
??? comb Cl
0,59 mg/l total Cl
Example 1:
The readings for free and total
Chlorine are different, but considering the tolerances of each reading they are the same.
For this reason the combined
Chlorine is most likely zero.
Example 2
Underrange
??? comb Cl
1,59 mg/l total Cl
Example 2:
The reading for free Chlorine is under the detection limit.
The instrument is not able to calculate the combined
Chlorine. In this case the combined Chlorine is most likely the same as the total Chlorine.
Example 3
0,60 mg/l free Cl
??? comb Cl
Overrange
Example 3:
The reading for total Chlorine is exceeding the range.
The instrument is not able to calculate the combined
Chlorine. The test should be repeated with a diluted sample.
Error absorbance e.g.: T2>T1
Fluoride calibration was not correct
Repeat calibration
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
3.6.2 General
Finding Possible Causes Elimination
Test result deviates from the expected.
Chemical species not as required.
No differentiation: e.g. for the Chlorine test there is no selection between differentiated, free or total.
Profi-Mode is switched on.
The pre-programmed countdown is not displayed.
Countdown is not activated and/or the Profi-Mode is activated.
Press arrow keys to select the required chemical species.
Switch Profi-Mode off with
Mode 50.
Switch the countdown on with Mode 13 and/or switch the Profi-Mode off with
Mode 50.
It seems that a method is not available.
Method is not activated in the user method list.
Activate the required method in the user method list with
Mode 60.
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263
3.7 Declaration of CE-Conformity
Name of manufacturer: declares that this product
Product name:
Tintometer GmbH
Schleefstraße 8a
44287 Dortmund
Germany
MaxiDirect conforms to the following standards:
EMC
Emission: EN 61326:1997 + A1:1998 + A2:2001 + A3:2003
Devices for class B
Immunity: EN 61326:1997 + A1:1998 + A2:2001 + A3:2003
Requirements according to table A1, industrial environment further applicable standards: 61000-4-3:1996 + A1:2002
The product conforms to the regulations of the directive 2004/108/EG of the European
Parliament and the Council of 2004, December the 15th.
Dortmund, February 2008
Cay-Peter Voss, Managing Director
264 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
265
Tintometer GmbH
Lovibond ® Water Testing
Schleefstraße 8-12
44287 Dortmund
Tel.: +49 (0)231/94510-0
Fax: +49 (0)231/94510-20 [email protected]
www.tintometer.com
Germany
Tintometer AG
Hauptstraße 2
5212 Hausen AG
Tel.: +41 (0)56/4422829
Fax: +41 (0)56/4424121 [email protected] www.tintometer.ch
Switzerland
The Tintometer Limited
Lovibond House / Solar Way
Solstice Park / Amesbury, SP4 7SZ
Tel.: +44 (0)8452 264654
Fax: +44 (0)1980 625412 [email protected] www.tintometer.com
UK
Tintometer South East Asia
Unit C-11-3A, 3 Two Square,
No. 2, Jalan 19/1, Petaling Jaya,
46300, Selangor D.E
Tel.: +60 (0) 3 7955 4013
Fax: +60 (0) 3 7955 4014 [email protected] www.tintometer.com
Malaysia
Technical changes without notice
Printed in Germany 03/10
Lovibond ® and Tintometer ® are registered trademarks of the
Tintometer group of companies.
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