Introduction to NFC in Android

NFC in Android

Public

MobileKnowledge

October 2015

Training

Index

► Android mobile Operating System

 Market share

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

Brief history

Programing in Android

► NFC in Android

► Communicating my Android phone with NFC Readers

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

Read/Write Mode

 Connected Tags

Card Emulation & Peer-to-Peer Mode

 NXP NFC Readers

► Integrating NFC into my Android NFC Reader

 PN7120 NFC Controller

► NFC Android applications by NXP

 NXP TagInfo , NXP TagWriter, NTAG I2C, …

Training

2

What is a Mobile OS?

► A mobile Operating System, is an operating system specifically designed to run on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet, computers and so on.

► The Mobile OS is the software platform on top of which other programs, called applications, can run on mobile devices. It provides hardware abstraction to these applications.

Training

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Introduction to Android and NFC

Android in mobile devices

► Android is a Mobile Platform and its software stack includes:

 The Operating System based on Linux

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

The middleware that allows apps to talk to a network or to one another

Key applications that the phones will run

► Android is a very popular mobile platform as it is multi-platform, open-source and free.

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+1.5M apps on the PlayStore

+1.5B downloads from the PlayStore every month

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+1M devices activated worldwide every day

+450K publishers

► Android is the Mobile Platform used by many phone manufacturers

 Samsung, Sony, LG, HTC, Motorola, Huawei, Lenovo, Oppo, Xiaomi, etc.

Training

Source: International Data Corportation

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Android Versions

Brief history …

► 2003: Android Inc. was founded in California (USA)

► 2005: Google acquired startup Android Inc. to start Android platform

► 2007: Open Handset Alliance announced

► 2008: First Android phone released (HTC Magic) together with SDK 1.0 and Android Open Source Project (AOSP)

Version Code Name Release Data API

6.0 Marshmallow October, 2015 23

5.1

5.0

4.4.x

4.1.x

4.0.x

3.x

2.3.3

–.7

2.3.0

–.2

1.0

Lollipop R1

Lollipop

KitKat

Jelly Bean

ICS

Honeycomb

Gingerbread

Gingerbread

Apple Pie

March, 2015

November, 2014

October, 2013

July, 2012

December, 2011

Feb, 2011

February, 2011

December, 2010

September, 2008

16

15

11

10

22

21

19

9

1

Android Beam

NFC Support

R/W & P2P

HCE

NFC API

Extensions

Training

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Introduction to Android and NFC

Android everywhere

Training

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NFC connected devices

Market update - some key figures

► 1.2 billion smartphones shipped in 2014

►

Smartphone’s share expected to continue growing from

67% in 2014 to > 80% or even higher in coming years

► 850 million NFC handsets shipped between 2012 and 2014

► 3 in 4 mobile phones to come with NFC by 2018

► > 5 billion NFC handsets will be shipped between 2013 and

2018

► NFC-enabled CE devices and tags growing exponentially,

IoT wave coming.

* Updated list of NFC phones and tablets available in the market: http://www.nfcworld.com/nfc-phones-list/

11.0B+ NFC-enabled devices shipping 2013-2018

Sources: ABI Research, Sep’14

Training

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Android programing

Development environment

Android Studio

► Android Studio is the official IDE by Google

 http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html

► Android Studio is an all-in-one installation









Android Studio IDE

Android SDK tool

Latest Android API Platform – Android 6.0 (Marshmallow)

Latest Android API emulator system image - Android 6.0

► Android Studio is multi-platform

 Windows, MAC, Linux

► Advanced GUI preview panel

 See what your app looks like in different devices

Last Updated: 06/10/2015

Training

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Android programing

► Android developers website

 http://developer.android.com/index.html

► Applications written in Java programing language

► Android security constraints:

 Each application runs in its own process.

 Each application is assigned a unique Linux user ID; by default, files of that application are only visible to that application.

► Android APK: Application PacKage file

 File format used to distribute and install applications

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NFC in Android

NFC Technology

Read/Write mode

Card Emulation

Peer to Peer

Training

Read/Write

Reads / Writes data from any tag or contactless card

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NFC in Android

►

Card Emulation mode “supported”

 HCE supported since Android KitKat

► Read/Write mode supported

 Passive NFC Forum Tags

 Tag Type 1: Topaz







Tag Type 2: MIFARE Ultralight & NTAG (simple dedicated API)

Tag Type 3: FeliCa

Tag Type 4: MIFARE DESFire 

Proprietary NXP NFC Tags





MIFARE Classic (simple dedicated API)

ICODE

► Peer to Peer mode supported

► Android NFC developer’s guide

 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/nfc/index.html

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Card Emulation Mode

Training

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Card Emulation Mode

Configurations

► Secure Element





Proven high-secure and tamper-resistant microcontroller in the device

 Same family of product used for mass market solutions: payment cards, ePassports…

A specific IC to handle and store sensitive data

 Non-Volatile Memory, Security CPU, Crypto co-processors

 Protected against attacks and tampering by cryptographic keys

 Only authorized entities can access the SE

 Secure IC validated by third party certification, i.e. Common Criteria

► Host Processor





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Main processor of the device in which the OS and applications reside

Sensitive information is stored in the Host Processor or in the Cloud

 More memory available via host versus secure element

Application/service providers and end users get (more) control

“more-simple-but-less-secure” card emulation

► The NFC Controller forwards each APDU according to its Routing Table

Training

App Processor

(Host)

HCI / NCI

NFC

Controller

HCI / SWP

NFC - WI

SE

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Card Emulation Mode

Emulating NFC Applications

► How to develop my Android NFC application

 Indicate where the application will be emulated

 To be indicated in the androidmanifest.xml file (ON or OFF Host APDU Service)





In HCE exchange APDUs with the NFC Reader

 Based on Android Services (NFC application available even if not in the foreground)

In SECE communicates with the SE using APDUs





SEEK for android based on Open Mobile API

NFC Extras library

– Communication restricted to applications signed with a key in /etc/nfcee_access.xml

 Application logic will be NFC application dependent

► https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/nfc/hce.html

► http://nelenkov.blogspot.com.es/2012/08/accessing-embedded-secure-element-in.html

► http://seek-for-android.github.io/

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NFC Frontend solutions

► Robust, flexible options

► Supported by NFC Reader Library

► Power-saving passive mode

High-performance NFC frontends

CLRC663

MFRC631

MFRC630

SLRC610

High-performance multi-protocol NFC ready frontend

High-performance ISO/IEC 14443 A/B frontend

High-performance MIFARE frontend

High-performance ISO/IEC 15693 frontend

Standard-performance NFC frontends

PN512 Full NFC Forum-compliant frontend

MFRC523

MFRC522

Standard 3V ISO/IEC 14443 A/B frontend

Standard 3V MIFARE frontend

High-performance frontends delivering full NFC Forum compliance

PN5180 High-performance multi-protocol full NFC Forum-compliant frontend (available 2015)

Training

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NFC controller solutions

PN7120

Integrated firmware





Linux, Windows, Android environments

Preloaded with NFC Forum’s NCI interface, to support full OS

PR601

Customizable firmware







For use with own-developed software

Integrated LPC1227 microcontroller

Supported by NFC Reader Library

Training

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Read/Write Mode

Training

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Read/Write Mode

Operating on NFC Tags

► How to develop my Android NFC application

 Indicate NFC support and optionally Tag Technologies to capture

 Defined in the project AndroidManifest.xml file





Capture and filter tags tapped by the user

 Based on Android Intents

Get tag supported technologies and obtain the specific tag object





Supported card technologies can be obtained from the Intent

Android provides the classes and methods to manage all technologies







Connect to the tag

Exchange tag specific commands

 Exchange read, write, ... commands according to your application logic

Close the connection with the tag

►

Sample application by Android developer’s guide

 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/nfc/advanced-nfc.html

 Read and write MIFARE Ultralight tag

Training

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Connected NFC Tag solutions

► Passive, NFC Forum type 2 tag

► Field-detection function

► Optional I²C interface

► NTAG F for battery-powered systems

► NTAG I²C for full bi-directional communication with host microcontroller

► Innovative energy-harvesting feature for low-power systems

Connected NFC Tag solutions

NTAG 216F

NTAG 213F

Passive NFC tag with field-detection output signal, 888 bytes

Passive NFC tag with field-detection output signal, 144 bytes

NTAG I 2 C 2k

NTAG I 2 C 1k

Passive NFC tag with I 2 C interface, 1904 bytes

Passive NFC tag with I 2 C interface, 888 bytes

Training

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NTAG I

2

C in short

Fully NFC Forum Type 2 Tag

Compliant

Dual (NFC + I2C) Interface

Up to 1,9KByte of non-Volatile User

Memory

PASS-THROUGH mode for fast data transfer

Field-detection Feature

Energy Harvesting

Very Small Footprint Package

Training

Version 1K

888 bytes of User Memory

64 bytes SRAM Buffer for RF I2C

and I2CRF data transfer

Open drain implementation

Configurable

To power external devices

(e.g: MCU)

SOT 902 (1,6*1,6*0,5 mm)

Version 2K

1904 bytes of User Memory

It can signal to the uC

-RF has written new data in the SRAM buffer

-RF has read the data in the SRAM buffer

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Read/Write Mode

MIFARE SDK

► Software development tool that lets developers create contactless applications for MIFARE, NTAG and ICODE products.

► Developers are able to benefit from an enormous reduction in development time.





Developers focus on designing creative apps and the best GUI brand.

Short time from idea to market

►

Get rid of “complicated” datasheets and application notes

 Full command set support on Java level

► Comprehensive documentation: User Manual and Javadoc

► Source code examples to get familiar with the technology

► Talk to our experts on the MIFARE SDK Forum https://www.mifare.net/es/productos/tools/mifare-sdk/

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Peer-to-Peer Mode

Training

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Peer-to-Peer Mode

► Android NPP: since v2.3

 Exchange data between two Android devices (Google solution)

 Fast, easy and very intuitive (tap & touch)

► Android Beam: since v4.0







Exchange data between two NFC devices (interoperable solution)

More secure solution (Touch to Beam)

Compliant with SNEP specification

► Android Beam: since v4.1





Provides automatic connection handover mechanism to BT

Suitable for media exchanging

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Peer-to-Peer Mode

Operating on NFC Tags

► How to develop my Android NFC application

 Indicate NFC support

 Defined in the project AndroidManifest.xml file

 Use of the following methods

 setNdefPushMessage: it automatically beams the message when two devices are in close proximity

 setNdefPushMessageCallback(): it calls a callback method to create the NDEF message just before sharing it

► Android Beam restrictions







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Device must be unlocked and touching the screen is mandatory for security reasons

The application must be in the foreground

Exchanging one unique NDEF message on each Android Beam session is allowed

Android Beam only supports Put Request by SNEP

►

Sample application by Android developer’s guide

 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/nfc/nfc.html#p2p

Training

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Peer-to-Peer Mode

Communication modes

The ISO 18092 standard defines two modes of communication

Active / Passive

Only one device generates the magnetic field.

In terms of RF, the initiator behaves like a reader and the target behaves like an emulated target

Training

Active / Active

Both devices generate the magnetic field.

Higher bit rates and distances might be reached, but the solution is more complex and consumes more battery

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Integrating NFC into my Android NFC

Reader

PN7120

Best plug’n play full NFC solution

► Full NFC Forum-compliant controller

► Support NFC card emulation, reader/writer and peer-to-peer modes

► Compatible with ISO/IEC 14443-A&B, FeliCa and ISO/IEC 15693 cards

► Integrated firmware with NCI interface

► Android and Linux software drivers

► Low power operation mode

Learn more about PN7120 in our dedicated webinar

PN7120: Best plug’n play full NFC solution

Product website PN7120: www.nxp.com/products/identification_and_security/nfc_and_reader_ics/nfc_controller_solutions/PN7120A0EV.html

Training

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PN7120 in a nutshell

►

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Customer Benefits

Low PCB footprint

Low power consumption

EMVCo 2.3.1a PCD analog and digital

NFC Forum Device Requirements v1.3

Full SW stack available for integration within Linux and Android 4.4.x and 5.x

Features

Ease of integration

►

►

►

►

Direct connection to 5.5V device battery

Flexible clock supply concept

Supports both 1.8 and 3V connections to host controller

Buffered output drivers to connect an antenna with minimum number of external components

Flexibility in use case supports

►

►

Fully configurable polling loop with low power modes for automated device discovery

Autonomous mode when host is shut down ( host can be in a deep sleep mode and be awakened via IRQ pin by PN7120 when entering

RF field )

►

►

RF communication modes

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►

►

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Reader/Writer modes

NFC Forum tags Type 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

ISO/IEC 14443 Type A & B, R/W up to 848 Kbps

ISO/IEC 15693 Tags (ICODE)

FeliCa tags up to 424 Kbps

MIFARE 1K/4K

MIFARE DESFire

►

Kovio ink printed tags

Card modes

►

ISO/IEC 14443-A and B card emulation via host

P2P modes

►

Active and passive initiator and target according to ISO/IEC 18092 at all data rates (106 kbps to 424 kbps)

Interfaces

I2C up to 3,4MBaud/s

NFC Forum NCI 1.0 compliant protocol

Package

►

VFBGA49

Training

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PN7120 NCI Interface

► The NCI defined by the NFC Forum is the specification that defines a standard interface within an NFC device between an NFC controller and the device’s main application processor.

► The NCI interface provides manufacturers with a standard interface they can use for whatever kind of NFC-enabled device they build

► NXP extends NCI interface with a proprietary extension to allow customers access to the entire functionality set defined by the PN7120.

Training

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PN7120 SW integration in Android

Android NFC stack

► NFC service: API within the Android framework that provides access to the NFC functionality.

► JNI: Glue code between Java classes and Native classes

(written in C/ C++)

► Libnfc-nci: Native library providing NFC functionality for which extension is added to support NXP proprietary features

► NXP NCI HAL: NXP hardware specific implementation supporting full capabilities

► PN5xx_I2C driver: kernel module allowing the access to

NXP NCI based NFC Controller hardware resource.

Training

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PN7120 SW integration in Android

Android porting guidelines

► PN5xx I2C Kernel mode driver

 Robust and mature communication with the NXP NCI NFC Controller

 Both the libnfc-nci stack and the PN5xx I2C driver are distributed by GitHub:





Android libnfc-nci stack: https://github.com/NXPNFCLinux/android_nxp-nci

PN5xx I2C driver: https://github.com/NXPNFCLinux/nxp-pn5xx

► AOSP Integration





Merge NXP-NCI Android NFC package into the target AOSP source directory

Add NFC to the build by modifying device/brand/platform/device.mk file

Integration details explained in dedicated Application Note in Docstore

* AN11690 NXP-NCI Android porting guidelines

Training

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NFC Android apps by NXP

NFC Android apps by NXP

NXP TagInfo and NXP TagWriter

NXP TagInfo

The ideal tool to get detailed information about contactless ICs, explore the capabilities of NFC-enabled items and browse detailed information about the content stored on your NFC tags

Training

NXP TagWriter

The ideal tool to store contacts, bookmarks, Bluetooth and WiFi Handover, etc. to any NFC-enabled items based on NDEF messages. Once data has been stored, it allows us to read the programmed data including options to launch applications based on the stored data.

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NFC Android apps by NXP

NTAG I2C Demoboard

► App to be used together with the NTAG I2C Explorer Kit

 https://nxp-rfid.com/products/ntag/ntag-i2c-explorerdemonstration-and-development-kit/

► Operate on your NTAG I2C IC:









Configure the IC using the SRAM by changing the LED color to light up on the NTAG I²C demonstration board

Measure the speed of download and upload with NTAG I²C based on your NFC device

Read & change the IC configuration by updating the NTAG I2C

Session & Configuration Registers

And more …

Training

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Conclusion

NFC in Android

Wrap up

► Android is the undeniable Mobile OS market leader and NFC is becoming a commodity

 It opens a huge new business opportunity for companies

► Android devices are the ideal way to communicate with NFC infrastructure readers

 Connected tags in Read/Write Mode

 NXP NFC Readers in Card Emulation & Peer-to-Peer Mode

► PN7120 is the best plug’n play solution to integrate NFC in your target

NFC Reader device

► NXP NFC Android applications let you understand the NFC basics and interact with your NFC tags

Training

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Mobile Knowledge

Thank you for your attention

► We are a global competence team of hardware and software technical experts in all areas related to contactless technologies and applications.

► Our services include:







Application and system Design Engineering support

Project Management

Technological Consulting

 Advanced Technical Training services

► We address all the exploding identification technologies that include NFC, secure micro-controllers for smart cards and mobile applications, reader ICs, smart tags and labels, MIFARE family and authentication devices.

Training www.themobileknowledge.com

For more information

Eric Leroux [email protected]

+34 629 54 45 52

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