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Moxa AirWorks AWK-3121
User’s Manual
Second Edition, February 2009
www.moxa.com/product
© 2009 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction without permission is prohibited.
Moxa AirWorks AWK-3121
User’s Manual
The Moxa software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement.
Copyright Notice
Copyright
© 2009 Moxa Inc.
All rights reserved.
Reproduction without permission is prohibited.
Trademarks
MOXA is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc.
All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers.
Disclaimer
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa.
Moxa provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, its particular purpose. Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time.
Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use.
This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the publication.
Technical Support Contact Information www.moxa.com/support
Moxa Americas:
Toll-free: 1-888-669-2872
Tel: +1-714-528-6777
Fax: +1-714-528-6778
Moxa China (Shanghai office):
Toll-free: 800-820-5036
Tel: +86-21-5258-9955
Fax: +86-10-6872-3958
Moxa Europe:
Tel: +49-89-3 70 03 99-0
Fax: +49-89-3 70 03 99-99
Moxa Asia-Pacific:
Tel: +886-2-8919-1230
Fax: +886-2-8919-1231
Table of Contents
WLAN Certification Settings (for EAP-TLS in Client mode only)......................... 3-23
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement ..................................... 6-3
Chapter 1
1
Introduction
Moxa AirWorks AWK-3121 enables wireless users to access network resources wirelessly.
AWK-3121 is rated to operate at temperatures ranging from 0 to 60°C for standard models and -40 to 75°C for extended temperature models, and is rugged enough for any harsh industrial environment.
In this chapter, we cover the following topics:
AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Introduction
Overview
The AWK-3121 Access Point/Bridge and AP Client is ideal for applications that are hard to wire, too expensive to wire, or use mobile equipment that connects to a TCP/IP network. The
AWK-3121 can operate at temperatures ranging from 0 to 60°C for standard models and -40 to
75°C for extended temperature models, and is rugged enough for any harsh industrial environment.
Installation is easy, with either DIN-Rail mounting or wall mounting in distribution boxes. The
DIN-rail/wall mounting ability, wide operating temperature range, and IP30 housing with LED indicators make the AWK-3121 a convenient yet reliable solution for any industrial wireless application.
Package Checklist
Moxa’s AWK-3121 is shipped with the following items. If any of these items is missing or damaged, please contact your customer service representative for assistance. y 1 AWK-3121 y 2 Swivel-type Antennas (2dBi, RP-SMA, 2.4&5GHz) y 1 Quick Installation Guide y 1 Software CD y 1 Moxa Product Warranty Booklet y 1 Cable Holder with a Screw y 2 Protective Caps
NOTE
The above items come with the AWK-3121 standard version. The package contents may vary in different a customized version.
Product Features
y IEEE802.11a/b/g Compliant y Three-in-one design (AP/Bridge/Client) y Advanced Wireless Security:
¾ 64-bit and 128-bit WEP/WPA/WPA2
¾ SSID Hiding/IEEE 802.1X/RADIUS
¾ Packet access control & filtering y STP/RSTP support for redundancy of system networking y Long-distance transmission support y Turbo Roaming
TM
enables rapid handover (Client mode) y Dedicated antenna selection y Free firmware update for more advanced functions y RS-232 console management y 2DI+1DO for on-site monitoring and warming
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Introduction
y Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 75℃ (-T model) y Power input by redundant 24 VDC power inputs or IEEE802.3af Power over Ethernet y DIN-Rail or wall mounting ability y IP30 protected high-strength metal housing
Product Specifications
WLAN
Standards
Spread Spectrum and
Modulation
Operating Channels
(Central Frequency)
IEEE 802.11a/g/b for Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.3u 10/100BaseT(X) for Ethernet LAN
EEE 802.3af for Power-over-Ethernet
IEEE 802.1D/w STP/RSTP
DSSS with DBPSK, DQPSK, CCK
OFDM with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
US: 2.412 to 2.462 GHz (11 channels)
5.18 to 5.24 GHz (4 channels)
EU: 2.412 to 2.472 GHz (13 channels)
5.18 to 5.24 GHz (4 channels)
JP: 2.412 to 2.472 GHz (13 channels, OFDM)
2.412 to 2.484 GHz (14 channels, DSSS)
5.18 to 5.24 GHz (4 channels for W52)
Protocol
General Protocols:
AP-only Protocols:
Data Rates
Transmit Power
Receiver Sensitivity
(IEEE 802.1X/ RADIUS, TKIP and AES)
Proxy ARP, DNS, HTTP, HTTPS, IP, ICMP, SNTP, TCP, UDP,
RADIUS, SNMP, RTP
ARP, BOOTP, DHCP, dynamic VLAN-Tags for 802.1X-Clients,
STP/RSTP (IEEE 802.1D/w)
802.11b: 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps
802.11a/g: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps
802.11b: 1 to 11 Mbps: Typ. 18±1.5 dBm
802.11g: 6 to 24 Mbps: Typ. 18±1.5 dBm
36 to 48 Mbps: Typ. 16±1.5 dBm
54 Mbps: Typ. 15±1.5 dBm
802.11a: 6 to 24 Mbps: Typ. 16±1.5 dBm
36 to 48 Mbps: Typ. 14±1.5 dBm
54 Mbps: Typ. 13±1.5 dBm
802.11b: -92 dBm @ 1 Mbps, -90 dBm @ 2 Mbps,
-88 dBm @ 5.5 Mbps, -84dBm @ 11 Mbps
802.11g: -87 dBm @ 6 Mbps, -86 dBm @ 9 Mbps,
-85 dBm @ 12 Mbps, -82dBm @ 18 Mbps,
-80 dBm @ 24 Mbps, -76 dBm @ 36 Mbps,
-72dBm @ 48 Mbps, -70 dBm @ 54 Mbps
802.11a: -87 dBm @ 6 Mbps, -86 dBm @ 9 Mbps,
-85 dBm @ 12 Mbps, -82dBm @ 18 Mbps,
-80 dBm @ 24 Mbps, -76 dBm @ 36 Mbps,
-72dBm @ 48 Mbps, -70 dBm @ 54 Mbps
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Introduction
Interface
Default Antenna
Antenna Connector
Connection
Alarm Contact
Digital Input
Console
LAN Port
LED Indicators
2dBi dual-band, Omni-directional antenna
RP-SMA (female)
10-pin Removable Terminal Block
1 relay output (capacity: 1A @24VDC)
2 electrically-isolated inputs
‧
+3 to -30V for state “0” (OFF)
‧
13 to 30V for state “1” (ON)
‧
Max. input current: 8 mA
RS-232 (RJ45 type)
10/100BaseT(X) auto negotiation speed
PWR1, PWR2, PoE, FAULT, STATE, Signal Strength,
CLIENT MODE, BRIDGE MODE, WLAN, 10M, 100M
Power
Input Voltage
Input Current 0.494 to 0.121 A (@ 12 to 48 VDC)
Input Current (@ 24VDC) 0.3 A
Overload Current Protection 1.6 A
Reverse Polarity Protection Present
12 to 48 VDC, redundant dual DC power inputs or
48 VDC Power-over-Ethernet (IEEE 802.3af)
Mechanical
Dimensions 53.6 x 135 x 105 mm (2.11 x 5.31 x 4.13 in)
Installation
Casing
DIN-rail, or Wall Mounting (with optional wall mounting kit)
IP30 protection, aluminum case
Environment
Operating Temperature: Standard models: 0 to 60°C (32 to 140°F)
Wide Temp Models: -40 to 75°C (-40 to 167°F)
Storage Temperature: -40 to 85ºC (-40 to 185ºF)
Ambient Relative Humidity 5 to 95% (non-condensing)
Regulatory Approvals*
Radio:
EMC:
Environmental/EMC compliancy
EN300 328, EN301 893, ARIB STD-33/T66/T71 (Japan)
EN301 489-1/-17, FCC Part 15, EN55022/55024, IEC61000-6-2/-4
EN50155, EN50121-1/-4
* Please check Moxa’s website for the most up-to-date certification status.
Warranty
5 years
Details: See http:// www.moxa.com/warranty
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Introduction
ATTENTION
The AWK-3121 is NOT a portable mobile device and should be located at least 20cm away from the human body.
The AWK-3121 is NOT designed for the general public. To deploy AWK-3121s and establish a wireless network safely, a well-trained technician is required for installation.
Functional Design
LED Indicators
The LEDs on the front panel of AWK-3121 allow you to identity the status and wireless settings quickly.
The LED for FAULT indicates the system failure and user-configured events. If the AWK-3121 cannot retrieve the IP address from a DHCP server, the FAULT LED will blink at an interval of one second.
The LEDs for SIGNAL are a signal strength indicator and they merely function in Client mode.
The following table is a summary for the wireless settings and LED displays. You can check the status of the AWK-3121 by reading these LEDs. More information about “Basic Wireless
Settings” is presented in Chapter 3.
Basic Wireless Settings LEDs
Operation mode WDS
CLIENT BRIDGE SIGNAL
Note
off - mode off
-
0
Bridge mode: WDS is enabled
Client mode: no association off 1 signal
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Introduction
Client mode: associated; signal is fine
ATTENTION
When the LEDs for FAULT, SIGNAL, CLIENT, BRIDGE and WLAN all light up simultaneously and blink at one-second interval, it means the system failed to boot. This may be due to improper operation or uncontrollable issues, such as an unexpected shutdown during firmware update. To recover the firmware, refer to “Firmware Recovery” in Chapter 6.
Beeper
The beeper signals that the system is ready with two short beeps.
Reset Button
The RESET button is located on the top panel of the AWK-3121. You can reboot the AWK-3121 or reset it to factory default settings by pressing the RESET button with a pointed object such as an unfolded paper clip. y System reboot: Hold the RESET button down for under 5 seconds and then release. y Reset to factory default: Hold the RESET button down for over 5 seconds until the STATE
LED starts blinking green. Release the button to reset the AWK-3121.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Introduction
Relay (Digital Output)
The AWK-3121 has one relay output, which consists of the 2 terminal block contacts on the top panel, as shown below. These relay contacts are used to forward system failure and user-configured events.
The two wires attached to the relay contacts form an open circuit when a user-configured event is triggered. If a user-configured event does not occur, the relay circuit will remain closed. For safety reason, the relay circuit is kept open when the AWK-3121 is not powered.
The AWK-3121’s relay status is summarized as follows:
Relay Status
No Event
Power off
OPEN
Power on
CLOSED
Triggered
OPEN
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Chapter 2
2
Getting Started
This chapter explains how to install Moxa’s AirWorks AWK-3121 for the first time, and quickly set up your wireless network and test whether the connection is running well. With the function guide, you can find out the functions you need easily.
In this chapter, we cover the following topics:
First-time Installation and Configuration
AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Getting Started
First-time Installation and Configuration
Before installing the AWK-3121, make sure that all items in the Package Checklist are in the box.
In addition, you will need access to a notebook computer or PC equipped with an Ethernet port.
The AWK-3121 has a default IP address that you must use when connecting to the device for the first time.
Step 1: Select the power source.
The AWK-3121 can be powered by DC power input or PoE (Power over Ethernet). The
AWK-3121 will use whichever power source you choose.
Step 2: Connect the AWK-3121 to a notebook or PC.
Since the AWK-3121 supports MDI/MDI-X auto-sensing, you can use either a straight-through cable or crossover cable to connect the AWK-3121 to a computer. If the LED indicator on
AWK-3121’s LAN port lights up, it means the connection is established.
Step 3: Set up the computer’s IP address.
Set an IP address on the same subnet as the AWK-3121. Since the AWK-3121’s default IP address is 192.168.127.253, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, you should set the IP address of the computer to 192.168.127.xxx.
NOTE
After you select Maintenance > Load Factory Default and click the Submit button, the
AWK-3121 will be reset to factory default settings and the IP address will be also reset to
192.168.127.253.
Step 4: Use the web-based manager to configure AWK-3121
Open your computer’s web browser and type http://192.168.127.253 in the address field to access the homepage of the web-based Network Manager. Before the homepage opens, you will need to enter the user name and password as shown in the following figure. For first-time configuration, enter the default user name and password and then click on the Login button:
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Getting Started
NOTE
Default user name and password:
User Name: admin
Password: root
For security reasons, we strongly recommend changing the default password. To do so, select
Maintenance > Password, and then follow the on-screen instructions to change the password.
NOTE
After you click Submit to apply changes, you can see that the web page is refreshed, and the string “
(Update)
” and a blinking reminder will be shown on the upper-right corner of web page, as follow.
To make the changes effective, click Restart and then Save and Restart after you change the settings. About 30 seconds are needed for the AWK-3121 to complete its restart process.
Step 5: Select the operation mode for the AWK-3121.
By default, the AWK-3121’s operation mode is set to AP. You can change the setting in Wireless
Settings > Basic Wireless Settings if you would like to use the Client mode instead. Detailed information about configuring the AWK-3121’s operation can be found in Chapter 3.
Step 6: Test communications.
We will describe 2 test methods to make sure the network connection has been established. Please refer to the following section for more details.
Communication Testing
After installation, you can run a sample test to make sure the AWK-3121 and wireless connection are functioning normally. Two testing methods are explained in the following sections. Use the first method if you are using only one AWK-3121 device, and use the second method if you are using two or more AWK-3121s.
Testing Method for one AWK-3121
If you are only using one AWK-3121, you will need a second notebook computer equipped with a
WLAN card. Configure the WLAN card to connect to the AWK-3121 (NOTE: the default SSID is
MOXA
), and change the IP address of the second notebook (B) so that it is on the same subnet as the first notebook (A), which is connected to the AWK-3121.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Getting Started
After configuring the WLAN card, establish a wireless connection with the AWK-3121 and open a
DOS window on Notebook B. At the prompt, type
ping <IP address of notebook A> and then press Enter (see the figure below). A “Reply from IP address …” response means the communication was successful. A “Request timed out.” response means the communication failed.
In this case, recheck the configuration to make sure the connections are correct.
Testing Method for two or more AWK-3121s
If you have two or more AWK-3121s, you will need a second notebook computer (B) equipped with an Ethernet port. Use the default settings for the first AWK-3121 connected to notebook A and change the second or third AWK-3121 connected to notebook B to Client mode. Then, configure the notebooks and AWK-3121s properly.
After setting up the testing environment, open a DOS window on notebook B. At the prompt, type
ping <IP address of notebook A> and then press Enter. A “Reply from IP address …” response means the communication was successful. A “Request timed out” response means the communication failed. In this case, recheck the configuration to make sure the connections are correct.
Function Guiding Map
The management functions are categorized in a tree and shown in the left field of the web-based management console. You can efficiently locate the function you need with the following guiding map.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Getting Started
A quick overview of the AWK-3121’s status
Basic settings for administering the AWK-3121
Essential settings related to establishing a wireless network
Advanced features to support additional network management and secure wired and wireless communication
* These advanced functions are all optional.
Application-oriented device management functions to set up events, traps, and reactions via relay warning, e-mail and SNMP notification
* These functions are all optional.
Real-time status information to monitor wired/wireless network performance, advanced services, and device management functions
2-5
Functions to maintain the AWK-3121 and diagnose the network
On-demand functions to support the operations of web-based console management
Chapter 3
3
Web Console Configuration
In this chapter, we will explain each web management page of the web-based console configuration. Moxa’s easy-to-use management functions will help you set up your AWK-3121, as well as establish and maintain your wireless network easily.
In this chapter, we cover the following topics:
Configuration by Web Browser
AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Configuration by Web Browser
Moxa AWK-3121’s web browser interface provides a convenient way to modify its configuration and access the built-in monitoring and network administration functions. The recommended web browser is Microsoft
®
Internet Explorer 5.5 or 6.0 with JVM (Java Virtual Machine) installed.
NOTE
To use the AWK-3121’s management and monitoring functions from a PC host connected to the same LAN as the AWK-3121, you must make sure that the PC host and AWK-3121 are on the same logical subnet. Similarly, if the AWK-3121 is configured for other VLAN settings, you must make sure your PC host is on the management VLAN.
The Moxa AWK-3121’s default IP is 192.168.127.253.
Follow the steps below to access the AWK-3121’s web-based console management.
1. Open your web browser (ex. Internet Explorer) and type the AWK-3121’s IP address in the address field. Then press Enter to establish the connection.
2. The Web Console Login page will open. Enter the password (User Name is set as admin; the default password is root if a new password has not been set.) and then click Login to continue.
You may need to wait a few moments for the web page download onto your computer. Please note that the Model name and IP address of your AWK-312 are both shown on the title of the web page.
This information can help you identify multiple AWK-3121s.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
You can use the menu tree on the left side of the window to open the function pages to access each of AWK-3121’s functions.
In the following paragraphs, we will go through each of the AWK-3121’s management functions in detail. You can also get a quick overview of these functions in the “Function Guiding Map” section of Chapter 2.
NOTE
The model name of the AWK-3121 is shown as AWK-3121-XX where XX indicates the country code. The country code represents the AWK-3121 version and which bandwidth it uses. We use
AWK-3121-US as an example in the following figures. The country code of model name on the screen may vary if you are using a different version (band) AWK-3121.
NOTE
For security reasons, you will need to log back into the AWK-3121 after the 5-minute time-out.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Overview
The Overview page summarizes the AWK-3121’s current status. The information is categorized into several groups: System info, Device info and 802.11 info.
NOTE
The values for 802.11 info may not show up due to different operation modes. Therefore,
Current BSSID and RSSI are not available in AP mode.
Basic Settings
The Basic Settings group includes the most commonly used settings required by administrators to maintain and control the AWK-3121.
System Info Settings
The System Info items, especially Device name and Device description, are displayed and included on the Overview page, SNMP information, and alarm emails. Setting System Info items makes it easier to identify the different AWK-3121s connected to your network.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Device name
Setting
Max. 31 Characters
Description
This option is useful for specifying the role or application of different
AWK-3121 units.
Factory Default
AWK-3121_<Serial No. of
this AWK-3121>
Device location
Setting
Max. 31 Characters
Description
To specify the location of different
AWK-3121 units.
None
Factory Default
Device description
Setting
Max. 31 Characters
Description
Use this space to record more detailed description of AWK-3121
None
Factory Default
Device name
Setting
Max. 31 Characters
Description
To provide information about whom to contact in order to resolve problems. Use this space to record contact information of the person responsible for maintaining this
AWK-3121.
None
Factory Default
Network Settings
The Network Settings configuration allows you to modify the usual TCP/IP network parameters.
An explanation of each configuration item is given below.
IP configuration
Setting
DHCP
Static
Description
The AWK-3121’s IP address will be assigned automatically by the network’s DHCP server
Set up the AWK-3121’s IP address manually.
Static
Factory Default
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
IP address
Setting Description Factory Default
AWK-3121’s IP address Identifies the AWK-3121 on a TCP/IP 192.168.127.253 network.
Subnet mask
Setting
AWK-3121’s subnet mask
Description
Identifies the type of network to which the AWK-3121 is connected
(e.g., 255.255.0.0 for a Class B network, or 255.255.255.0 for a Class
C network).
Factory Default
255.255.255.0
Gateway
AWK-3121’s default gateway
Setting Description
The IP address of the router that connects the LAN to an outside network.
None
Factory Default
Primary/ Secondary DNS server
Setting Description
IP address of Primary/
Secondary DNS server
The IP address of the DNS Server used by your network. After entering the DNS Server’s IP address, you can input the AWK-3121’s URL
(e.g., http://ap11.abc.com) in your browser’s address field instead of entering the IP address.
The Secondary DNS server will be used if the
Primary DNS server fails to connect.
Factory Default
None
Time Settings
The AWK-3121 has a time calibration function based on information from an NTP server or user specified Date and Time information. Functions such as Auto warning can add real-time information to the message.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Current local time shows the AWK-3121’s system time when you open this web page. You can click on the Set Time button to activate the update after setting up the date and time parameters.
An “(Updated)” string will appear to indicate that the change is complete. Local time settings will be immediately activated in the system without running Save and Restart.
NOTE
The AWK-3121 has a real time clock (RTC). Users are strongly recommended to update the
Local time for the AWK-3121 after initial setup or long-term shutdown, especially when the network does not have an Internet connection for accessing the NTP server or there is no NTP server on the LAN.
Current local time
Setting
User adjustable time
Description
The date and time parameters allow configuration of the local time with immediate activation.
Factory Default
None
(yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss format; 24-hour format.)
Time zone
Setting
User selectable time zone
Description
The time zone setting allows conversion from GMT (Greenwich
Mean Time) to local time.
Factory Default
GMT (Greenwich Mean
Time)
ATTENTION
Changing the time zone will automatically adjust the Current local time. You should configure the Time zone before setting the Current local time.
Daylight saving time
Setting
Enable/ Disable
Description
Daylight saving time (also know as
DST or summer time) involves advancing clocks (usually 1 hour) during the summer time to provide an extra hour of daylight in the afternoon.
Factory Default
Disable
When Daylight saving time is enabled, the following parameters can be shown: y The Starts at parameter allows users to enter the date that daylight saving time begins. y The Stops at parameter allows users to enter the date that daylight saving time ends. y The Time offset parameter indicates how many hours forward the clock should be advanced.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Time server 1/ 2
Setting
The 1st/ 2nd time server
IP/Name
Description
IP or Domain address of NTP time server. The 2nd time will be used if the 1st NTP server fails to connect.
Query period
Setting
Query period time
(1- 9999 seconds) server.
Description
This parameter determines how often the time is updated from the NTP
Factory Default
None
Factory Default
600 (seconds)
Wireless Settings
The essential settings for wireless networks are presented in this function group. Settings must be properly set before establishing your wireless network.
Basic Wireless Settings
The AWK-3121 mainly supports two operational modes that have distinct roles in the wireless network: y AP/Bridge:
This mode provides both Access Point and Static LAN-to-LAN Bridging functionality. The static LAN-to-LAN bridging function is supported through the Wireless Distribution System
(WDS). y AP Client:
This mode is for Dynamic LAN-to-LAN Bridging or Device-to-LAN. The AP Client automatically establishes bridge links with other APs.
In either mode, the AWK-3121 forwards packets between its Ethernet interface (LAN) and wireless interface (WLAN) for wired hosts on the Ethernet side and wireless host(s) on the wireless side. There are two types of wireless links as specified by the IEEE802.11 standard: y STA-AP
This type of wireless link is established between an IEEE802.11 Station (STA) and an
IEEE802.11 Access Point (AP). An STA is usually a client computer (PC or PDA) with a
WLAN network interface card (NIC). The Client mode is actually an STA. y WDS
This type of wireless link is established between two IEEE802.11 APs. Wireless packets transmitted along the WDS link comply with the IEEE802.11 WDS (Wireless Distribution
System) format at the link layer. You can refer to “Wireless Distribution System (WDS)” in
Chapter 5 for more details. Be reminded that WPA/WPA2 CANNOT be supported in WDS.
To establish a static bridge link based on the WDS, the APs at both end of the WDS link must be configured manually with each other's MAC addresses. To establish a dynamic bridge link between an AP and a Client, both devices must be configured with the same, channel, and security settings (see “WLAN Security Settings”). Moreover, the same SSID is also needed if a client will roam along the APs in Bridge mode. The AP Client automatically scans for any AP that is using the matched SSID and establishes a bridge link with the scanned AP.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
When the AWK-3121 is configured to be in Client mode, it can be used as an Ethernet-to-wireless
(or LAN-to-WLAN) network adapter. For example, a notebook computer equipped with an
Ethernet adapter, but no wireless card, can be connected to this device with an Ethernet cable for wireless connectivity to another AP.
NOTE
Although it is more convenient to use dynamic bridging, there is a limitation — the AP Client can only transmit IP-based packets between its wireless interface (WLAN) and Ethernet interface
(LAN); other types of traffic (such as IPX and AppleTalk) are not forwarded.
The following figure shows the Basic Wireless Settings page. The parameters and options are described as follow:
Wireless enable
Setting
Enable/Disable
Operation mode
AP
Client
Setting
Description
The RF (Radio Frequency) module can be manually turned on or off.
This function can be available in AP operation mode only.
Factory Default
Enable
Description
AWK-3121 plays a role of wireless
AP/ Bridge.
AWK-3121 plays a role of wireless
AP Client.
AP
Factory Default
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
NOTE
When you switch to Client mode, you can find an additional Site Survey button on this page. It can support site survey and pop up a dialog box listing the information of available APs, as shown in the following figure. You can click on the SSID of an entity and bring the value of its
SSID onto the SSID field of the Basic Wireless Settings page. Clicking on the Refresh button will re-scan and update the table.
NOTE
If the Gateway field in Basic Settings > Network Settings is empty, a warning message will appear, reminding you to set the default gateway when Client mode is enabled. You can ignore this message if you are only planning a local network and no packet will be sent outside the network.
RF type
Setting
A
B
G
B/G Mixed
Description
Supports IEEE802.11a standard only
Supports IEEE802.11b standard only
Supports IEEE802.11g standard only
Supports both of IEEE802.11b/g standards, but 802.11g can be slowed down when 802.11b clients are on the network
Factory Default
B/G Mixed
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Channel
(for AP mode only)
Setting
Available channels vary with RF type
Description
AWK-3121 plays a role of wireless
AP.
Factory Default
6 (in B/G Mixed mode)
SSID
Setting
Max. 31 Characters
Description
The SSID of a client and the SSID of the AP must be identical for them to communicate with each other.
Factory Default
MOXA
SSID broadcast
(for AP mode only)
Setting
Enable/ Disable
Description
SSID can be broadcast or not.
Factory Default
Enable
NOTE
The AWK-3121-JP (for Japanese frequency bands) only connects SSID-hidden APs in all
IEEE802.11a channels and IEEE802.11g channel 1 to 11. The AWK-3121-EU (for European frequency bands) only connects SSID-hidden APs in all IEEE802.11b/g channels.
WDS
(for AP mode only)
Setting
Enable/ Disable
Description Factory Default
AWK-3121 supports WDS or not. Disable
NOTE
When WDS is enabled, you can choose to use a pure point-to-point WDS link by disabling AP
functionality.
The AWK-3121 provides 8 entities for WDS settings and can support up to 8 WDS links to other
APs or wireless bridges. The list appears when WDS Enable is checked. Enter the MAC address to set up a WDS link. Remember to activate a WDS link by checking the Active check box.
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WLAN Security Settings
The AWK-3121 provides four standardized wireless security modes: Open, WEP (Wired
Equivalent Privacy), WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2. Several types of security models are available in AWK-3121 by selecting Security mode and WPA type: y Open: No authentication, no data encryption. y WEP: Static WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) keys must be manually configured. y WPA/WPA2-Personal: also known as WPA/WPA2-PSK. You need to specify the Pre-Shared
Key in the Passphrase field, which will be used by the TKIP or AES engine as a master key to generate keys that actually encrypt outgoing packets and decrypt incoming packets. y WPA/WPA2-Enterprise: also called WPA/WPA2-EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol).
In addition to device-based authentication, WPA/WPA2-Enterprise enables user-based authentication via IEEE802.1X. The AWK-3121 can support three EAP methods: EAP-TLS,
EAP-TTLS, and EAP-PEAP.
Security mode
Setting Description Factory Default
Open
WPA *
WPA2 *
WPA is used
Fully supports IEEE802.11i with
“TKIP/AES + 802.1X”
* WPA and WPA2 cannot be supported in WDS (Bridge) mode.
Open
For security reasons, it is highly recommended that the security mode should be set to the options other than Open System. When the security mode is set to Open System, no authentication or data encryption will be performed.
WEP
According to the IEEE802.11 standard, WEP can be used for authentication and data encryption
(confidentiality). Shared (or Shared Key) authentication type is used if WEP authentication and data encryption are both needed. Normally, Open (or Open System) authentication type is often used when WEP data encryption is run with authentication.
When WEP is enabled as a security mode, the length of a key (so-called WEP seed) can be specified as 64/128 bits, which is actually a 40/104-bit secret key with a 24-bit initialization vector.
The AWK-3121 provides 4 entities of WEP key settings that can be selected to use with Key index.
The selected key setting specifies the key to be used as a send-key for encrypting traffic from the
AP side to the wireless client side. All 4 WEP keys are used as receive-keys to decrypt traffic from the wireless client side to the AP side.
The WEP key can be presented in two Key type, HEX and ASCII. Each ASCII character has 8 bits,
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so a 40-bit (or 64-bit) WEP key contains 5 characters, and a 104-bit (or 128-bit) key has 13 characters. In hex, each character uses 4 bits, so a 40-bit key has 10 hex characters, and a 128-bit key has 26 characters.
Authentication type
Open
Shared
Setting Description
Data encryption is enabled, but no authentication
Data encryption and authentication are both enabled.
Factory Default
Open
Key type
Setting
HEX
ASCII
Key length
Setting
64 bits
128 bits
Description
Specifies WEP keys in hex-decimal number form
Specifies WEP keys in ASCII form
Factory Default
HEX
Description
Uses 40-bit secret keys with 24-bit initialization vector
Uses 104-bit secret key with 24-bit initialization vector
Factory Default
64 bits
Key index
Setting
1-4
WEP key 1-4
Setting
ASCII type:
64 bits: 5 chars
128 bits: 13chars
HEX type:
64 bits: 10 hex chars
128 bits: 26 hex chars
Description
Specifies which WEP key is used
Description
A string that can be used as a WEP seed for RC4 encryption engine.
Factory Default
Open
Factory Default
None
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WPA/WPA2-Personal
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2 are significantly improved encryption methods of WEP.
WPA is a security standard based on 802.11i draft 3, while WPA2 is based on the fully ratified version of 802.11i. The initial vector is transmitted, encrypted, and enhanced with its 48 bits, twice as long as WEP. The key is regularly changed so that true session is secured.
Even though AES encryption is only included in the WPA2 standard, it is widely available in the
WPA security mode of some wireless APs and clients as well. The AWK-3121 also supports AES algorithms in WPA and WPA2 for better compatibility.
Personal versions of WPA/WPA2, also know as WPA/WPA-PSK (Pre-Shared Key), provides a simple way of encrypting a wireless connection for high confidentiality. A Passphrase is used as a basis for encryption methods (or cipher types) in a WLAN connection. The passphrases should be complex and as long as possible. The number of ASCII characters of the Passphrase must be at least 8 and can go up to 63. For security reason, this passphrase should be disclosed to the relevant users only and changed regularly.
WPA type
Setting
Enterprise
Encryption method
Setting
TKIP
AES
Mixed *
Passphrase
Setting
8 – 63 characters
Description
WPA and WPA2
Provides enterprise-level security for WPA and WPA2
Factory Default
Description
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol is enabled
Advance Encryption System is enabled
Provides TKIP broadcast key and
TKIP+AES unicast key for some legacy AP clients. This option is rarely used.
*This option is available in AP mode only, and cannot support AES-enabled clients.
Factory Default
TKIP
Description
Master key to generate keys for encryption and decryption
Factory Default
None
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Key renewal
(for AP mode only)
Setting
60 – 86400 seconds
(1 minute to 1 year)
Description
Specifies the time period of group key renewal
Factory Default
3600 (seconds)
NOTE
The value for key renewal instructs the wireless AP how often it should change the encryption keys. Usually the security level will be higher if you set this value shorter so that the encryption keys are changed more often. Default value is 3600 seconds (6 minutes). Longer time periods can be considered if traffic is not so busy.
WPA/WPA2-Enterprise (for AP mode)
By selecting WPA type as Enterprise, you can use EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol), a framework authentication protocol used by 802.1X to provide network authentication. In these
Enterprise-level security modes, a back-end RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User
Service) server is needed if IEEE 802.1X functionality is enabled in WPA /WPA2. The IEEE
802.1X protocol also offers the possibility of carrying out an efficient connection authentication in a large-scaled network. It is not necessary to exchange keys or passphrases.
WPA type
Setting
Enterprise
Description
WPA and WPA2
Provides enterprise-level security for WPA and WPA2
Factory Default
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Encryption method
TKIP
AES
Mixed *
Setting Description
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol is enabled
Advance Encryption System is enabled
Provides TKIP broadcast key and
TKIP+AES unicast key for some legacy AP clients. This option is rarely used. *This option is available in AP mode only, and cannot support AES-enabled clients.
Primary/ Secondary RADIUS server IP
Setting
The IP address of
RADIUS server
Description
Specifies the delegated RADIUS server for EAP
Primary/ Secondary RADIUS port
Setting
Port number
Description
Specifies the port number of the delegated RADIUS server
Primary/ Secondary RADIUS shared key
Setting
Max. 31 characters
Description
The secret key shared between AP and RADIUS server
Key renewal
Setting
60 – 86400 seconds
(1 minute to 1 year)
Description
Specifies the time period of group key renewal
Factory Default
TKIP
Factory Default
None
Factory Default
1812
Factory Default
None
Factory Default
3600 (seconds)
WPA/WPA2-Enterprise (for Client mode)
In a client role, the AWK-3121 can support three EAP methods (or EAP protocols): EAP-TLS,
EAP-TTLS, and EAP-PEAP, corresponding to WPA/WPA-Enterprise settings on the AP side.
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Encryption method
TKIP
AES
Setting Description
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol is enabled
Advance Encryption System is enabled
Factory Default
TKIP
EAP Protocol
Setting Description
protocol
Layer Security
TLS
Factory Default
Authentication Protocol, or
Protected EAP
Before choosing the EAP protocol for your WPA/WPA2-Enterpise settings on the client end, please contact the network administrator to make sure the system supports the protocol on the AP end. Detailed information on these three popular EAP protocols is presented in the following sections:
EAP-TLS
TLS is the standards-based successor to the Secure Socket Layer (SSL). It can establish a trusted communication channel over a distrusted network. TLS provides mutual authentication through certificate exchange. EAP-TLS is also secure to use. You are required to submit a digital certificate to the authentication server for validation, but the authentication server must also supply a certificate.
You can use Basic Wireless Settings > WLAN Certificate Settings to import your WLAN certificate and enable EAP-TLS on the client end.
You can check the current certificate status in Current Status if it is available.
Certificate issued to: shows the certificate user
Certificate issued by: shows the certificate issuer
Certificate expiration date: indicates when the certificate gets invalid
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EAP-TTLS
It is usually much easier to re-use existing authentication systems, such as a Windows domain or
Active Directory, LDAP directory, or Kerberos realm, rather than creating a parallel authentication system. As a result, TTLS (Tunneled TLS) and PEAP (Protected EAP) are used to support the use of so-called “legacy authentication methods.”
TTLS and PEAP work in a similar way. First, they establish a TLS tunnel, like EAP-TLS, and validate whether the network is trustworthy with digital certificates on the authentication server.
This step is run to establish a tunnel that protects the next step (or “inner” authentication) so it is sometimes referred to as the “outer” authentication. Then the TLS tunnel is used to encrypt an older authentication protocol that authenticates the user for the network.
As you can see, digital certificates are still needed for the outer authentication in a simplified form.
Only a small number of certificates are required, which can be generated by a small certificate authority. Certificate reduction makes TTLS and PEAP much more popular than EAP-TLS.
The AWK-3121 provides some non-cryptographic EAP methods including PAP, CHAP,
MS-CHAP, and MS-CHAP-V2. These EAP methods are not recommended for direct use on wireless networks. However, they may be useful as inner authentication methods with TTLS or
PEAP.
Because the inner and outer authentications can use distinct user names in TTLS and PEAP, you can use an anonymous user name for the outer authentication, while the true user name is shown only through the encrypted channel. Remember, not all client software supports anonymous altercation. Confirm this with the network administrator before you enable identity hiding in TTLS and PEAP.
TTL Inner Authentication
Setting
PAP
CHAP
MS-CHAP
MS-CHAP-V2
Description
Password Authentication Protocol is used
Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol is used
Microsoft CHAP is used
Microsoft CHAP version 2 is used
Anonymous
Setting
Max. 31 characters
Description
A distinct name used for outer authentication
Factory Default
MS-CHAP-V2
Factory Default
None
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User name & Password
Setting Description
User name and password used in inner authentication
Factory Default
None
PEAP
There are a few differences in the inner authentication procedures for TTLS and PEAP. TTLS uses the encrypted channel to exchange attribute-value pairs (AVPs), while PEAP uses the encrypted channel to start a second EAP exchange inside of the tunnel. The AWK-3121 provides
MS-CHAP-V2 merely as an EAP method for inner authentication.
Inner EAP protocol
Setting
MS-CHAP-V2
Anonymous
Setting
Max. 31 characters
Description
Microsoft CHAP version 2 is used MS-CHAP-V2
Description
A distinct name used for outer authentication
User name & Password
Setting Description
User name and password used in inner authentication
Factory Default
Factory Default
None
Factory Default
None
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Advanced Wireless Settings
Additional wireless-related parameters are presented in this section to help you set up your wireless network in detail.
Transmission Rate
Auto
Setting
Available rates
Description
AWK-3121 will sense and adjust the data rate automatically
User can manually select a target transmission data rate
Auto
Factory Default
Transmission Power
Auto
Full
High
Medium
Low
Setting Description
Specifies wireless signal coverage by automatically selecting the strength of Tx power
Equivalent to 100% of maximum Tx power
Factory Default
Full
Equivalent to 75% of maximum Tx power
Equivalent to 50% of maximum Tx power
Equivalent to 25% of maximum Tx power
Beacon Interval
(for AP mode only)
Setting
Beacon Interval
(40-1000 ms)
Description
This value indicates the frequency interval of the beacon
Factory Default
100 (ms)
DTIM Interval
(for AP mode only)
Setting
Data Beacon Rate
(1-16384)
Description
This value indicates how often the
AWK-3121 sends out a Delivery Traffic
Indication Message
1
Factory Default
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Fragment threshold
Setting
Fragment Length
(256-2346)
Description
This parameter specifies the maximum size a data packet before splitting and creating another new packet
Factory Default
2346
RTS threshold
Setting
RTS/CTS Threshold
(256-2346)
Description
This setting determines how large a packet can be before the Access Point coordinates transmission and reception to ensure efficient communication
Factory Default
2346
NOTE
You can refer to the related glossaries in Chapter 5 for more detailed information about the above-mentioned settings. By setting these parameters properly, you can better tune the performance of your wireless network.
Transmission distance
Setting
Distance or max. range for transmission
(500-10000m)
Description
The distance specifies the transmission distance or max. range between two AWK devices. This parameter should be set properly, especially for long-distance communication.
Factory Default
500
Transmission enhancement
Setting
Enable/Disable
Description Factory Default
This setting can enhance communication by strengthening the AWK-3121’s
Disable transmission power. It is quite useful for long-distance transmission or countering environmental interference. The user has to carefully evaluate and measure the transmission power of whole system, and make sure it is still below the regulative limitation.
NOTE
Make sure the same Transmission distance parameters are set in both AP and Client sides, and both Bridges. When this parameter is more than 500, an optimal algorithm will be enabled to support long-distance transmission.
Transmission enhancement is also recommended to enable communication at both ends when long-distance transmission is required. A high-gain antenna installed at a fixed antenna connector can also improve performance. (Select Antenna at MAIN or AUX.)
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Antenna
Auto
MAIN
AUX
Setting Description
The AWK-3121 uses two antennas (MAIN and
AUX) and enables the diversity function for reducing multipath effect.
Diversity function is disabled. Only MAIN antenna is in use.
Diversity function is disabled. Only AUX antenna is in use.
Factory Default
Auto
EAPOL Version
1
2
Setting Description
EAPOL version 1 was standardized in the 2001 version of 802.1X, which is much more commonly implemented.
EAPOL version 2 was specified in
802.1X-2004.
1
Factory Default
Turbo Roaming (for Client mode only)
Setting
Enable/ Disable
Description
Moxa’s Turbo Roaming can enable rapid handover when the AWK-3121, as a client, roams among a group of APs.
Factory Default
Disable
When Turbo Roaming is enabled, RF type and Scan channels will be shown as follows. RF type shows the current RF type, which this client is using now. You can set up Scan channels for the
APs among which this client is going to roam. There are three Scan channels available. Please note that the Scan channels may need to be modified when the RF type is changed. (For example, channel 36 is not available in B, G or B/G Mix mode.)
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WLAN Certification Settings
(for EAP-TLS in Client mode only)
When EAP-TLS is used, a WLAN Certificate will be required at the client end to support
WPA/WPA2-Enterprise. The AWK-3121 can support the PKCS #12, also known as Personal
Information Exchange Syntax Standard, certificate formats that define file formats commonly used to store private keys with accompanying public key certificates, protected with a password-based symmetric key.
Current Status displays information for the current WLAN certificate, which has been imported into the AWK-3121. Nothing will be shown if no certificate is available.
Certificate issued to: shows the certificate user
Certificate issued by: shows the certificate issuer
Certificate expiration date: indicates when the certificate gets invalid
You can import a new WLAN certificate in Import WLAN Certificate by following these steps in order:
1. Input the corresponding password (or key) in the Certificate private password field. Then click Submit to set the password.
2. You can see the password displayed in the Certificate private password field. Then click on the Browse button in Select certificate/key file and select the certificate file.
3. Click Upload Certificate File to import the certificate file. If it succeeds, you can see the information uploaded in Current Certificate. If it fails, you may need to return to step 1 to set the password correctly and then import the certificate file again.
NOTE
The WLAN certificate will remain after the AWK-3121 reboots. Even though it is expired, it can still be seen on Current Certificate.
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Advanced Settings
Several advanced functions are available to increase the functionality of your AWK-3121 and wireless network system. The DHCP server helps you deploy wireless clients efficiently. Packet filters provide security mechanisms, such as firewalls, in different network layers. Moreover, the
AWK-3121 can support STP/RSTP protocol to increase the reliability across the entire network. In additional, SNMP support can ease the network management via SNMP protocols.
DHCP Server
(for AP mode only)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a networking protocol that allows administrators to assign temporary IP addresses to network computers by “leasing” an IP address to a user for a limited amount of time, instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.
The AWK-3121 can act as a simplified DHCP server and easily assign IP addresses to your wireless clients by responding to the DHCP requests from the client ends. The IP-related parameters you set on this page will also be sent to the client.
You can also assign a static IP address to a specific client by entering its MAC address. The
AWK-3121 provides a Static DHCP mapping list with up to 16 entities. Be reminded to check the
Active check box for each entity to activate the setting.
You can check the IP assignment status under Status > DHCP Client List.
DHCP server (AP only)
Setting
Enable
Disable
Description
Enables AWK-3121 as a DHCP server
Disable DHCP server function
Factory Default
Disable
Default gateway
Setting
IP address of a default gateway
Description
The IP address of the router that connects to an outside network
None
Factory Default
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Subnet mask
Setting
subnet mask
Description
Identifies the type of sub-network
(e.g., 255.255.0.0 for a Class B network, or 255.255.255.0 for a Class C network)
None
Factory Default
Primary/ Secondary DNS server
Setting
IP address of Primary/
Secondary DNS server
Description
The IP address of the DNS Server used by your network. After entering the DNS Server’s IP address, you can use URL as well. The Secondary
DNS server will be used if the
Primary DNS server fails to connect.
None
Factory Default
Start IP address
Setting
IP address
Description
Indicates the IP address which
AWK-3121 can start assigning
None
Factory Default
Maximum number of users
Setting
1 – 999
Description
Specifies how many IP address can be None
Factory Default
assigned continuously
Client lease time
Setting
1 – 10 days
Description
The lease time for which an IP address is assigned. The IP address may go expired after the lease time is reached.
Factory Default
10 (days)
Packet Filters
The AWK-3121 includes various filters for
IP-based
packets going through LAN and WLAN interfaces. You can set these filters as a firewall to help enhance network security.
MAC Filter
The AWK-3121’s MAC filter is a policy-based filter that can allow or filter out IP-based packets with specified MAC addresses. The AWK-3121 provides 8 entities for setting MAC addresses in your filtering policy. Remember to check the Active check box for each entity to activate the setting.
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Enable
Setting
Disable
Policy
Accept
Setting
Drop
Description
Disables MAC filter
Description
Only the packets fitting the entities on list can be allowed.
Any packet fitting the entities on list will be denied.
ATTENTION
Be careful when you enable the filter function:
Drop + “ no entity on list is activated” = all packets are
allowed
Accept + “ no entity on list is activated” = all packets are
denied
Factory Default
Disable
Drop
Factory Default
IP Protocol Filter
The AWK-3121’s IP protocol filter is a policy-based filter that can allow or filter out IP-based packets with specified IP protocol and source/destination IP addresses.
The AWK-3121 provides 8 entities for setting IP protocol and source/destination IP addresses in your filtering policy. Four IP protocols are available: All, ICMP, TCP, and UDP. You must specify either the Source IP or the Destination IP. By combining IP addresses and netmasks, you can specify a single IP address or a range of IP addresses to accept or drop. For example, “IP address 192.168.1.1 and netmask 255.255.255.255” refers to the sole IP address 192.168.1.1. “IP address 192.168.1.1 and netmask 255.255.255.0” refers to the range of IP addresses from
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.255. Remember to check the Active check box for each entity to activate the setting.
Enable
Enable
Disable
Setting Description
Enables IP protocol filter
Disables IP protocol filter
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Policy
Accept
Setting
Drop
Description
Only the packets fitting the entities on the list can be allowed
Any packet fitting the entities on the list will be denied
ATTENTION
Be careful when you enable the filter function:
Drop + “ no entity on list is activated” = all packets are
allowed
.
Accept + “ no entity on list is activated” = all packets are
denied
.
Drop
Factory Default
TCP/UDP Port Filter
The AWK-3121’s TCP/UDP port filter is a policy-based filter that can allow or filter out
TCP/UDP-based packets with a specified source or destination port.
The AWK-3121 provides 8 entities for setting the range of source/destination ports of a specific protocol. In addition to selecting TCP or UDP protocol, you can set either the source port, destination port, or both. The end port can be left empty if only a single port is specified. Of course, the end port cannot be larger then the start port.
The Application name is a text string that describes the corresponding entity with up to 31 characters. Remember to check the Active check box for each entity to activate the setting.
Enable
Enable
Disable
Setting
Policy
Accept
Setting
Drop
Description
Enables TCP/UDP port filter
Disables TCP/UDP port filter
Factory Default
Disable
Description
Only the packets fitting the entities on list can be allowed.
Any packet fitting the entities on list will be denied.
Drop
Factory Default
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ATTENTION
Be careful when you enable the filter function:
Drop + “ no entity on list is activated” = all packets are
allowed
Accept + “ no entity on list is activated” = all packets are
denied
RSTP Settings
(for AP mode only)
AWK-3121 supports IEEE802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol and IEEE802.1w Rapid STP standards.
In addition to eliminating unexpected path looping, STP/RSTP can provide a backup path recovery if a wired/ wireless path fails accidentally. The reliability and availability can increase because this fail-over function.
AWK-3121’s STP/RSTP feature is disabled by default. To be completely effective, you must enable RSTP/STP on every AWK-3121 connected to your network. If AWK-3121 plays a Client role, which is connected to a device (PLC, RTU, etc.) as opposed to network switch equipment, it is not necessary to enable STP/RSTP. The reason is that it will cause unnecessary negotiation.
AWK-3121s support STP/RSTP in AP mode (including WDS) only.
The following figures indicate which Spanning Tree Protocol parameters can be configured. A more detailed explanation of each parameter is given below the figure.
RSTP status
This field will appear only when selected to operate STP/RSTP. It indicates whether this
AWK-3121 is the Root of the Spanning Tree (the root is determined automatically) or not.
Bridge priority
Setting
Numerical value selected by user
Description
You can increase the bridge priority by selecting a lower number. A higher bridge priority brings a greater chance of being established as the root of the Spanning Tree topology.
32768
Factory Default
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Hello time
Setting
Numerical value input by user
(1 – 10 seconds)
Description
The root of the Spanning Tree topology periodically sends out a
“hello” message to other devices on the network to check if the topology is healthy. Hello time indicates how often the root sends hello messages.
Factory Default
2 (seconds)
Forwarding delay
Setting
Numerical value input by user
(4 – 30 seconds)
Description
The amount of time this device waits before checking to see if it should change to a different topology.
Factory Default
15 (seconds)
Max. age
Setting
Numerical value input by user
(6 – 40 seconds)
Description
As a non-root role, if the device has not received a hello message from the root longer than Max. age, it will reconfigure itself as a root. Once two or more devices on the network are recognized as a root, the devices will renegotiate to set up a new Spanning
Tree topology.
Factory Default
20 (seconds)
The AWK-3121 comes with 10 “ports” for RSTP settings. Numbers 3-10 (WDS1-WDS8) are available only when WDS is enabled in AP mode.
Enable RSTP
Setting
Enable/ disable
Description
Enables or disables the port as a node on the Spanning Tree topology.
Factory Default
Disable (unchecked)
Port priority
Setting
Numerical value selected by user
Description
Increase this port’s priority as a node on the Spanning Tree topology by inputting a lower number.
128
Factory Default
Port cost
Setting
Enable/ Disable
Description
Input a higher cost to indicate that this port is less suitable as a node for the Spanning Tree topology
Factory Default
2000000
Edge port
Setting Description
Checked/ unchecked Sets a port, which no BPDU expectedly goes through, as an edge port
Factory Default
unchecked, except AP port
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NOTE
We recommend you set an edge port for the port, which is connected to a non-STP/RSTP sub-network or an end device (PLC, RTU, etc.) as opposed to network equipment. This can prevent unnecessary waiting and negotiation of STP/RSTP protocol, and accelerate system initialization. When an edge port receives BPDUs, it can still function as an STP/RSTP port and start negotiation.
Setting an edge port is different from disabling STP/RSTP on a port. If you disable STP/RSTP, a port will not deal with STP/RSTP BPDUs at all.
Port Status
Port Status indicates the current Spanning Tree status of this port. Use Forwarding for normal transmission, or Blocking to block transmission.
SNMP Agent
The AWK-3121 supports SNMP V1/V2c/V3. SNMP V1 and SNMP V2c use a community string match for authentication, which means that SNMP servers access all objects with read-only or read/write permissions using the community string public/private (default value). SNMP V3, which requires you to select an authentication level of MD5 or SHA, is the most secure protocol.
You can also enable data encryption to enhance data security.
The AWK-3121’s MIB can be found in the software CD and supports reading the attributes via
SNMP. (Only get method is supported.)
SNMP security modes and security levels supported by the AWK-3121 are shown in the following table. Select the security mode and level that will be used to communicate between the SNMP agent and manager.
Protocol
Version
Setting on
UI web page
Authentication
Type
V1, V2c Community
SNMP
Read
Community
V1, V2c V1, V2c
Write/Read
Community string
Community string
No-Auth No
Data
Encryption
No
No
No
SNMP V3
MD5 or SHA Authentication based on MD5 or SHA
MD5 or SHA Authentication based on MD5 or SHA
No
Data encryption key
Method
Use a community string match for authentication
Use a community string match for authentication
Use account with admin or user to access objects
Provides authentication based on
HMAC-MD5, or HMAC-SHA algorithms.
8-character passwords are the minimum requirement for authentication.
Provides authentication based on
HMAC-MD5 or HMAC-SHA algorithms, and data encryption key. 8-character passwords and a data encryption key are the minimum requirements for authentication and encryption.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
The following parameters can be configured on the SNMP Agent page. A more detailed explanation of each parameter is given below the following figure.
Enable
Setting Description Factory Default
Read community
(for V1, V2c)
Setting
V1, V2c Read
Community
Description
Use a community string match with a maximum of 31 characters for authentication. This means that the
SNMP agent can access all objects with read-only permissions using this community string. public
Factory Default
Write community
(for V1, V2c)
Setting
V1, V2c Read /Write
Community
Description
Use a community string match with a maximum of 31 characters for authentication. This means that the
SNMP agent can accesses all objects with read/write permissions using this community string.
Factory Default
private
SNMP agent version
Setting
V1, V2c, V3, or
V1, V2c, or
V3 only
Description
Select the SNMP protocol version used to manage the switch.
Factory Default
V1, V2c
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Admin auth type (for V1, V2c, V3, and V3 only)
No Auth
Setting
MD5
SHA
Description
Use admin account to access objects.
No authentication
Provide authentication based on the
HMAC-MD5 algorithms. 8-character passwords are the minimum requirement for authentication.
Provides authentication based on
HMAC-SHA algorithms. 8-character passwords are the minimum requirement for authentication.
Factory Default
No Auth
Admin private key
(for V1, V2c, V3, and V3 only)
Disable
DES
AES
Setting Description
No data encryption
DES-based data encryption
AES-based data encryption
Factory Default
Disable
Private key
A data encryption key is the minimum requirement for data encryption (maximum of 63 characters)
Private MIB Information Device Object ID
Also know as OID. This is the AWK-3121’s enterprise value. It is fixed.
Auto Warning Settings
Since industrial-grade devices are often located at the endpoints of a system, these devices will not always know what is happening elsewhere on the network. This means that these devices, including wireless APs or clients, must provide system maintainers with real-time alarm messages. Even when system administrators are out of the control room for an extended period, they can still be informed of the status of devices almost instantaneously when exceptions occur.
In addition to logging these events, the AWK-3121 supports different approaches to warn engineers automatically, such as SNMP trap, e-mail, and relay output. It also supports two digital inputs to integrate sensors into your system to automate alarms by email and relay output.
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System Log
System Log Event Types
Detail information for grouped events is shown in the following table. You can check the box for
Enable log to enable the grouped events. All default values are enabled (checked). The log for system events can be seen in Status > System Log.
System-related events
System restart (warm start)
Network-related events
LAN link on
LAN link off
Event is triggered when…
The AWK-3121 is rebooted, such as when its settings are changed (IP address, subnet mask, etc.).
Event is triggered when…
The LAN port is connected to a device or network.
The port is disconnected (e.g., the cable is pulled out, or the opposing device shuts down).
Client joined/ left
(for AP mode)
WLAN connected to AP
(for Client mode)
WLAN disconnected
(for Client mode)
Config-related events
A wireless client is associated or disassociated.
The AWK-3121 is associated with an AP.
The AWK-3121 is disassociated from an AP.
Event is triggered when…
Configuration Changed A configuration item has been changed.
Configuration file import via Web
Console
The configuration file is imported to the AWK-3121.
Console authentication failure An incorrect password is entered.
Firmware upgraded The AWK-3121’s firmware is updated.
Power events Event is triggered when…
Power 1/2 transition (On -> Off) The AWK-3121 is powered down in PWR1/2.
PoE transition (On -> Off) The AWK-3121 is powered down in PoE.
Power 1/2 transition (Off -> On) The AWK-3121 is powered via PWR1/2.
PoE transition (Off -> On)
DI events
DI1/2 transition (On -> Off)
DI1/2 transition (Off -> On)
The AWK-3121 is powered via PoE.
Event is triggered when…
Digital Input 1/2 is triggered by on to off transition
Digital Input 1/2 is triggered by off to on transition
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Syslog
This function provides the event logs for the Syslog server. The function supports up to three configurable Syslog servers and Syslog server UDP port numbers. When an event occurs, the event will be sent as a Syslog UDP packet to the specified Syslog servers.
Syslog Event Types
Detail information for the grouped events is shown in the following table. You can check the box for Enable log to enable the grouped events. All default values are enabled (checked). Details for each event group can be found on the “System log Event Types” table on page 3-31.
Syslog Server Settings
You can configure the parameters for your Syslog servers in this page.
Syslog server 1/ 2/ 3
Setting
IP address
Syslog port
Setting
Port destination
(1 to 65535)
Description
Enter the IP address of the 1st/ 2nd/
3rd Syslog Server
None
Factory Default
Description
Enter the UDP port of the corresponding Syslog server
514
Factory Default
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
E-mail Event Types
Check the box for Active to enable the event items. All default values are deactivated (unchecked).
Details for each event item can be found on the “System log Event Types” table on page 3-31.
E-mail Server Settings
You can set up to 4 e-mail addresses to receive alarm emails from the AWK-3121. The following parameters can be configured on the E-mail Server Settings page. In addition, a Send Test Mail button can be used to test whether the Mail server and e-mail addresses work well. More detailed explanations about these parameters are given after the following figure.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Mail server (SMTP)
Setting
IP address
User name & Password
Setting
Description
The IP Address of your email server.
None
Factory Default
Description
User name and password used in the
SMTP server
None
Factory Default
From e-mail address
Setting
Max. 63 characters
Description
Enter the administrator’s e-mail address which will be shown in the
“From” field of a warning e-mail.
None
Factory Default
To E-mail address 1/ 2/ 3/ 4
Setting
Max. 63 characters
Description
Enter the receivers’ e-mail addresses. None
Factory Default
Relay
The AWK-3121 has one relay output, which consists of 2 terminal block contacts on the
AWK-3121’s top panel. These relay contacts are used to indicate user-configured events and system failure.
The two wires attached to the relay contacts form an open circuit when a user-configured event is triggered. If a user-configured event does not occur, the relay circuit will remain closed. For safety reasons, the relay circuit is kept open when the AWK-3121 is not powered.
Relay Event Types
You can check the box for Active to enable the event items. All default values are deactivated
(unchecked). Details for each event item can be found in the “System log Event Types” table on page 3-31.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Trap
Traps can be used to signal abnormal conditions (notifications) to a management station. This trap-driven notification can make your network more efficient.
Because a management station usually takes care of a large number of devices that have a large number of objects, it will be overloading for the management station to poll or send requests to query every object on every device. It would be better if the managed device agent could notify the management station by sending a message known as a trap for the event.
Trap Event Types
SNMP Trap Receiver Settings
SNMP traps are defined in SMIv1 MIBs (SNMPv1) and SMIv2 MIBs (SNMPv2c). The two styles are basically equivalent, and it is possible to convert between the two. You can set the parameters for SNMP trap receivers through the web page.
1st / 2nd Trap version
Setting
V1
V2
Description
SNMP trap defined in SNMPv1
SNMP trap defined in SNMPv2
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V1
Factory Default
AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Status
1st / 2nd Trap server IP/name
Setting Description
IP address or host name Enter the IP address or name of the trap server used by your network.
None
Factory Default
1st / 2nd Trap community
Setting
Max. 31 characters
Description
Use a community string match with a maximum of 31 characters for authentication. alert
Factory Default
Associated Client List (for AP mode only)
Associated Client List shows all the clients that are currently associated to a particular AWK-3121.
You can click Select all to select all the content in the list for further editing. You can click
Refresh to refresh the list.
DHCP Client List (for AP mode only)
The DHCP Client List shows all the clients that require and have successfully received IP assignments. You can click the Refresh button to refresh the list.
You can press Select all button to select all content in the list for further editing.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
System Log
Triggered events are recorded in System Log. You can export the log contents to an available viewer by clicking Export Log. You can use the Clear Log button to clear the log contents and the Refresh button to refresh the log.
Relay Status
The status of user-configurable events can be found under Relay Status. The status will refresh every 5 seconds if the Auto refresh box is checked.
If an event is triggered, it will be noted on this list. System administrators can click Acknowledge
Event when he has acknowledged the event and addressed it.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
DI and Power Status
The status of power inputs and digital inputs is shown on this web page. The status will refresh every 5 seconds if the Auto refresh box is checked.
Wireless Status
The status for 802.11 info parameters, such as Operation mode and Channel, are shown on the
Wireless Status page. The status will refresh every 5 seconds if the Auto refresh box is checked.
Certain values for 802.11 info may not show up due to different operation modes. As a result,
Current BSSID and RSSI are not available in AP mode.
It is helpful to use the continuously updated information on this page, such as RSSI, to monitor the signal strength of the AWK-3121 in Client mode.
Maintenance
Maintenance functions provide the administrator with tools to manage the AWK-3121 and wired/wireless networks.
Console Settings
You can enable or disable access permission for the following consoles: HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet and SSH connections. For more security, we recommend you only allow access to the two secured consoles, HTTPS and SSH.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Ping
Ping helps to diagnose the integrity of wired or wireless networks. By inputting a node’s IP address in the Destination field, you can use the ping command to make sure it exists and whether or not the access path is available.
If the node and access path are available, you will see that all packets were successfully transmitted with no loss. Otherwise, some, or even all, packets may get lost, as shown in the following figure.
Firmware Upgrade
The AWK-3121 can be enhanced with more value-added functions by installing firmware upgrades. The latest firmware is available at Moxa’s download center.
Before running a firmware upgrade, make sure the AWK-3121 is off-line. Click the Browse button to specify the firmware image file and click Firmware Upgrade and Restart to start the firmware upgrade. After the progress bar reaches 100%, the AWK-3121 will reboot itself.
When upgrading your firmware, the AWK-3121’s other functions are forbidden.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
ATTENTION
Please make sure the power source is stable when you upgrade your firmware. An unexpected power breakup may damage your AWK-3121.
Config Import Export
You can back up or restore the AWK-3121’s configuration with Config Import Export.
In the Config Import section, click Browse to specify the configuration file and click Config
Import button to begin importing the configuration.
In the Config Export section, click the Config Export button and save the configuration file onto your local storage media. The configuration file is a text file and you can view and edit it with a general text-editing tool.
Load Factory Default
Use this function to reset the AWK-3121 and roll all settings back to the factory default values.
You can also reset the hardware by pressing the reset button on the top panel of the AWK-3121.
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Password
You can change the administration password for each of the AWK-3121’s console managers by using the Password function. Before you set up a new password, you must input the current password and reenter the new password for confirmation. For your security, do not use the default password root, and remember to change the administration password regularly.
Misc. Settings
Additional settings to help you manage your AWK-3121, are available on this page.
Reset button
Setting
Always enable
Disable after 60 sec
Description
The AWK-3121’s Reset button works normally.
The AWK-3121’s Reset button will become invalid 60 seconds after the
AWK-3121 completes booting.
Factory Default
Always enable
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Save Configuration
The following figure shows how the AWK-3121 stores the setting changes into volatile and non-volatile memory. All data stored in volatile memory will disappear when the AWK-3121 is shutdown or rebooted unless they are y. Because the AWK-3121 starts up and initializes with the settings stored in flash memory, all new changes must be saved to flash memory before restarting the AWK-3121.
This also means the new changes will not work unless you run either the Save Configuration function or the Restart function.
After you click on Save Configuration in the left menu box, the following screen will appear.
Click Save if you wish to update the configuration settings in the flash memory at this time.
Alternatively, you may choose to run other functions and put off saving the configuration until later. However, the new setting changes will remain in the non-volatile memory until you save the configurations.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Restart
If you submitted configuration changes, you will find a blinking string in the upper right corner of the screen. After making all your changes, click the Restart function in the left menu box. One of two different screens will appear.
If you made changes recently but did not save, you will be given two options. Clicking the Restart button here will reboot the AWK-3121 directly, and all setting changes will be ignored. Clicking the Save and Restart button will apply all setting changes and then reboot the AWK-3121.
If you run the Restart function without changing any configurations or saving all your changes, you will see just one Restart button on your screen.
You will not be able to run any of the AWK-3121’s functions while the system is rebooting.
Logout
Logout helps users disconnect the current HTTP or HTTPS session and go to the Login page. For security reasons, we recommend you logout before quitting the console manager.
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Chapter 4
4
Other Console Configurations
This chapter explains how to access the AWK-3121 for the first time. In addition to HTTP access, there are four ways to access AWK-3121: serial console, Telnet console, SSH console, and
HTTPS console. The serial console connection method, which requires using a short serial cable to connect the AWK-3121 to a PC’s COM port, can be used if you do not know the AWK-3121’s IP address. The other consoles can be used to access the AWK-3121 over an Ethernet LAN, or over the Internet.
In this chapter, we cover the following topics:
RS-232 Console Configuration (115200, None, 8, 1, VT100)
Configuration by Telnet and SSH Consoles
Configuration by Web Browser with HTTPS/SSL
Disabling Telnet and Browser Access
AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Other Console Configurations
ATTENTION
1. You CANNOT connect to the AWK-3121 by two ore more of these console configurations simultaneously.
2. You can connect to the AWK-3121 simultaneously by web browser and serial/ Telnet /SSH console. However, we strongly suggest that you do NOT use more than one connection method at the same time. Following this advice will allow you to maintain better control over the configuration of your AWK-3121.
RS-232 Console Configuration (115200, None, 8, 1, VT100)
The serial console connection method, which requires using a short serial cable to connect the
AWK-3121 to a PC’s COM port, can be used if you do not know the AWK-3121’s IP address. It is also convenient to use serial console configurations when you cannot access the AWK-3121 over
Ethernet LAN, such as in the case of LAN cable disconnections or broadcast storming over the
LAN.
ATTENTION
Do not use the RS-232 console manager when the AWK-3121 is powered at reversed voltage
(ex. -48VDC), even though reverse voltage protection is supported.
If you need to connect the RS-232 console at reversed voltage, Moxa’s TCC-82 isolator is your best solution.
NOTE
We recommend using Moxa PComm (Lite) Terminal Emulator, which can be downloaded free of charge from Moxa’s website.
Before running PComm Terminal Emulator, use an RJ45 to DB9-F (or RJ45 to DB25-F) cable to connect the AWK-3121’s RS-232 console port to your PC’s COM port (generally COM1 or COM2, depending on how your system is set up). After installing PComm Terminal Emulator, take the following steps to access the RS-232 console utility.
1. From the Windows desktop, open the Start menu and start PComm Terminal Emulator in the
PComm (Lite) group.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual
2. Select Open under Port Manager to open a new connection.
Other Console Configurations
3. The Communication Parameter page of the Property window opens. Select the appropriate
COM port for Console Connection, 115200 for Baud Rate, 8 for Data Bits, None for Parity, and 1 for Stop Bits.
4. Click on the Terminal tab, and select VT100 (or ANSI) for Terminal Type. Click on OK to continue.
5. The Console login screen will appear. Log into the RS-232 console with the login name
(default: admin) and password (default: root, if no new password is set).
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Other Console Configurations
6. The AWK-3121’s device information and Main Menu will be displayed. Please follow the description on screen and select the administration option you wish to perform.
NOTE
To modify the appearance of the PComm Terminal Emulator window, select Edit > Font and then choose the desired formatting options.
ATTENTION
If you unplug the RS-232 cable or trigger DTR, a disconnection event will be evoked to enforce logout for network security. You will need to log in again to resume operation.
Configuration by Telnet and SSH Consoles
You may use Telnet or SSH client to access the AWK-3121 and manage the console over a network. To access the AWK-3121’s functions over the network from a PC host that is connected to the same LAN as the AWK-3121, you need to make sure that the PC host and the AWK-3121 are on the same logical subnet. To do this, check your PC host’s IP address and subnet mask.
NOTE
The AWK-3121’s default IP address is 192.168.127.253 and the default subnet mask is
255.255.255.0 (for a Class C network). If you do not set these values properly, please check the network settings of your PC host and then change the IP address to 192.168.127.xxx and subnet mask to 255.255.255.0.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Other Console Configurations
Follow the steps below to access the console utility via Telnet or SSH client.
1. From Windows Desktop, run Start > Run, and then use Telnet to access the AWK-3121’s IP address from the Windows Run window. (You may also issue the telnet command from the
MS-DOS prompt.)
When using SSH client (ex. PuTTY), please run the client program (ex. putty.exe) and then input the AWK-3121’s IP address, specifying 22 for the SSH connection port.
2. The Console login screen will appear. Please refer to the previous paragraph “RS-232 Console
Configuration” and for login and administration.
Configuration by Web Browser with HTTPS/SSL
To secure your HTTP access, the AWK-3121 supports HTTPS/SSL encryption for all HTTP traffic.
Perform the following steps to access the AWK-3121’s web browser interface via HTTPS/SSL.
1. Open your web browser and type https://<AWK-3121’s IP address> in the address field. Press
Enter to establish the connection.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Other Console Configurations
2. Warning messages will pop out to warn users that the security certificate was issued by a company they have not chosen to trust.
3. Select Yes to accept the certificate issued by Moxa IW and then enter the AWK-3121’s web browser interface secured via HTTPS/SSL. (You can see the protocol in URL is https.) Then you can use the menu tree on the left side of the window to open the function pages to access each of AWK-3121’s functions.
Disabling Telnet and Browser Access
If you are connecting the AWK-3121 to a public network but do not intend to use its management functions over the network, then we suggest disabling both Telnet Console and Web Configuration.
Please run Maintenance > Console Settings to disable them, as shown in the following figure.
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Chapter 5
5
References
This chapter provides more detailed information about wireless-related technologies. The information in this chapter can help you administer your AWK-3121s and plan your industrial wireless network better.
The following topics are covered:
Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
¾ Differences between RSTP and STP
AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual
References
Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
Traditionally, APs are connected via Ethernet LAN ports. By using a Wireless Distribution System
(WDS), APs can communicate with one another wirelessly. For example, AP 2 acts as an access point for the notebook computers or other IEEE802.11-enabled clients, and forwards packets sent from the notebook computers to AP 1 through WDS. Then, AP 1 forwards the packets to the
Ethernet LAN. Packets destined for the notebook computers follow a reverse path from the
Ethernet LAN through the APs to the notebook computers. In this way, AP 2 acts as an “AP repeater.”
By using WDS, two or more LAN segments can be connected wirelessly. As illustrated in the above figure, a pair of wireless LAN-to-LAN bridges is used to connect two LAN segments. Since the AP is WDS-enabled, it can be used as a wireless bridge.
It is a good idea to plan your wireless network by drawing a diagram so that you know how each
AWK-3121 is connected to other peer APs or wireless bridges by WDS, and how bridges are connected to other peer bridges by WDS. See the following figure for an example of a network-planning diagram.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual
References
ATTENTION
Be sure to eliminate loops from networks that consist of wireless bridges, Ethernet switches,
Ethernet links, and WDS links. If any loops exist, packets will circle around the loops and network performance will be seriously degraded. The following figure shows a network topology containing a loop.
Beacon
A beacon is a packet broadcast by the AP to keep the network synchronized. A beacon includes the wireless LAN service area, the AP address, the Broadcast destination address, a time stamp,
Delivery Traffic Indicator Maps (DTIM), and the Traffic Indicator Message (TIM). Beacon
Interval indicates the frequency interval of AP.
DTIM
Delivery Traffic Indication Map (DTIM) is contained in beacon frames. It is used to indicate that broadcast and multicast frames buffered by the AP will be delivered shortly. Lower settings result in more efficient networking, while preventing your PC from dropping into power-saving sleep mode. Higher settings allow your PC to enter sleep mode, thus saving power.
Fragment
A lower setting means smaller packets, which will create more packets for each transmission. If you have decreased this value and experience high packet error rates, you can increase it again, but it will likely decrease overall network performance. Only minor modifications of this value are recommended.
RTS Threshold
RTS Threshold (256-2346) – This setting determines how large a packet can be before the Access
Point coordinates transmission and reception to ensure efficient communication. This value should remain at its default setting of 2,346. When you encounter inconsistent data flow, only minor modifications are recommended.
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References
STP and RSTP
The STP/RSTP Concept
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) was designed to help reduce link failures in a network, and provide protection from loops. Networks that have a complicated architecture are prone to broadcast storms caused by unintended loops in the network. The STP protocol is part of the
IEEE802.1D standard, 1998 Edition bridge specification.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) implements the Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol defined by IEEE802.1w-2001 standard. RSTP provides the following benefits: y The topology of a bridged network will be determined much more quickly compared to STP. y RSTP is backward compatible with STP, making it relatively easy to deploy. For example:
Defaults to sending 802.1D-style BPDUs if packets with this format are received.
STP (802.1D) and RSTP (802.1w) can operate on the LAN ports and WLAN ports (AP and WDS1-WDS8) of the same AWK-3121.
This feature is particularly helpful when the AWK-3121 connects to older equipment, such as legacy switches.
Differences between RSTP and STP
RSTP is similar to STP, but includes additional information in the BPDUs that allow each bridge to confirm that it has taken action to prevent loops from forming when it decides to enable a link to a neighboring bridge. Adjacent bridges connected via point-to-point links will be able to enable a link without waiting to ensure that all other bridges in the network have had time to react to the change. The main benefit of RSTP is that the configuration decision is made locally rather than network-wide, allowing RSTP to carry out automatic configuration and restore a link faster than
STP.
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Chapter 6
6
Supporting Information
This chapter presents additional information about this manual and product. You can also learn how to contact Moxa for technical support.
The following topics are covered:
DoC (Declaration of Conformity)
¾ Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
Technical Support Contact Information
AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Supporting Information
About This User’s Manual
This manual is mainly designed for, but no limited to, the following hardware and firmware for the
AWK-3121: y Hardware Rev: 1.1 y Firmware Ver: 1.1
You are strongly recommended to visit Moxa’s website (http://www.moxa.com) and find the latest product datasheet, firmware, QIG (Quick Installation Guide), UM (User’s Manual) and related information.
NOTE
You can find out the hardware revision number of AWK-3121 on the side label.
The firmware version number can be seen on the Overview page, as follow:
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Supporting Information
DoC (Declaration of Conformity)
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures: y Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. y Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. y Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. y Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution: To assure continued compliance, (example – use only shielded interface cables when connecting to computer or peripheral devices). Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. This transmitter must not be co-located or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator & your body.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
FCC 15.407(e): Within the 5.15-5.25 GHz band, U-NII devices will be restricted to indoor operations to reduce any potential for harmful interference to co-channel MSS operations.
R&TTE Compliance Statement
This equipment complies with all the requirements of DIRECTIVE 1999/5/CE OF THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunication terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE).
The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC (Telecommunications
Terminal Equipment and Satellite Earth Station Equipment) as of April 8, 2000.
Safety
This equipment is designed with the utmost care for the safety of those who install and use it.
However, special attention must be paid to the dangers of electric shock and static electricity when working with electrical equipment. All guidelines of this and of the computer manufacturer must therefore be allowed at all times to ensure the safe use of the equipment.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Supporting Information
EU Countries Intended for Use
The ETSI version of this device is intended for home and office use in Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France (with Frequency channel restrictions), Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, and United Kingdom.
The ETSI version of this device is also authorized for use in EFTA member states Norway and
Switzerland.
EU Countries Not Intended for Use
None.
Potential Restrictive Use
France: only channels 10, 11, 12, and 13.
Firmware Recovery
When the LEDs of FAULT, Signal Strength, CLIENT, BRIDGE and WLAN all light up simultaneously and blink at one-second interval, it means the system booting has failed. It may result from some wrong operation or uncontrollable issues, such as an unexpected shutdown during firmware update. The AWK-3121 is designed to help administrators recover such damage and resume system operation rapidly. You can refer to the following instructions to recover the firmware:
Connect to the AWK-3121’s ES-232 console with 115200bps and N-8-1. You will see the following message shown on the terminal emulator every one second.
Press Ctrl - C and the following message will appear.
Enter 2 to change the network setting. Specify where the AWK-3121’s firmware file on the TFTP server and press y to write the settings into flash memory.
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AirWorks AWK-3121 User’s Manual Supporting Information
AWK-3121 restarts, and the “Press Ctrl-C to enter Firmware Recovery Process…” message will reappear. Press Ctrl-C to enter the menu and select 1 to start the firmware upgrade process.
Select 0 in the sub-menu to load the firmware image via LAN, and then enter the file name of the firmware to start the firmware recovery.
Technical Support Contact Information
Customer satisfaction is our number one concern, and to ensure that customers receive the full benefit of our products, Moxa Internet Services has been set up to provide technical support, driver updates, product information, certification status, installation guide and user’s manual updates.
The following services are provided: y E-mail for technical support: y World Wide Web (WWW) Site for product information:
http://www.moxa.com
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