PMD-1208FS Personal Measurement Device™ brand USB-based Analog and Digital I/O Module User's Guide Document Revision 4, May, 2005 © Copyright 2005, Measurement Computing Corporation Your new Measurement Computing product comes with a fantastic extra — Management committed to your satisfaction! Refer to www.mccdaq.com/execteam.html for the names, titles, and contact information of each key executive at Measurement Computing. Thank you for choosing a Measurement Computing product—and congratulations! You own the finest, and you can now enjoy the protection of the most comprehensive warranties and unmatched phone tech support. It’s the embodiment of our two missions: To offer the highest-quality, computer-based data acquisition, control, and GPIB hardware and software available—at the best possible price. To offer our customers superior post-sale support—FREE. 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By the way, we honor this warranty for any manufacturer’s board that we have a replacement for. 30 Day Money Back Guarantee: You may return any Measurement Computing Corporation product within 30 days of purchase for a full refund of the price paid for the product being returned. If you are not satisfied, or chose the wrong product by mistake, you do not have to keep it. Please call for an RMA number first. No credits or returns accepted without a copy of the original invoice. Some software products are subject to a repackaging fee. These warranties are in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular application. The remedies provided herein are the buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. Neither Measurement Computing Corporation nor its employees shall be liable for any direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damage arising from the use of its products, even if Measurement Computing Corporation has been notified in advance of the possibility of such damages. HM PMD-1208FS.doc ii Trademark and Copyright Information Personal Measurement Device brand, TracerDAQ, Universal Library, InstaCal, Harsh Environment Warranty, Measurement Computing Corporation, and the Measurement Computing logo, are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Measurement Computing Corporation. SoftWIRE and the SoftWIRE logo are registered trademarks of SoftWIRE Technology, Inc. PC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp. Microsoft, Windows, and Visual Studio are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. LabVIEW is a trademark of National Instruments. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Information furnished by Measurement Computing Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Measurement Computing Corporation neither for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties, which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or copyrights of Measurement Computing Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of Measurement Computing Corporation. Notice Measurement Computing Corporation does not authorize any Measurement Computing Corporation product for use in life support systems and/or devices without the written approval of the CEO of Measurement Computing Corporation. Life support devices/systems are devices or systems which, a) are intended for surgical implantation into the body, or b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in injury. Measurement Computing Corporation products are not designed with the components required, and are not subject to the testing required to ensure a level of reliability suitable for the treatment and diagnosis of people. iii Table of Contents Preface About this User's Guide ......................................................................................................................vi What you will learn from this user's guide ........................................................................................................vi Conventions in this user's guide ........................................................................................................................vi Where to find more information ........................................................................................................................vi Chapter 1 Introducing the PMD-1208FS ........................................................................................................... 1-1 PMD-1208FS block diagram.......................................................................................................................... 1-2 Software features ............................................................................................................................................ 1-2 Connecting a PMD-1208FS to your computer is easy.................................................................................... 1-3 Chapter 2 Installing the PMD-1208FS ............................................................................................................... 2-1 What comes with your PMD-1208FS shipment? ........................................................................................... 2-1 Hardware ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 Software......................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 Documentation............................................................................................................................................................... 2-2 Unpacking the PMD-1208FS ......................................................................................................................... 2-2 Installing the software .................................................................................................................................... 2-2 Installing the hardware ................................................................................................................................... 2-2 Chapter 3 Functional Details ............................................................................................................................. 3-1 Theory of operation - analog input acquisition modes ................................................................................... 3-1 Software paced mode..................................................................................................................................................... 3-1 Continuous scan mode ................................................................................................................................................... 3-1 External components ...................................................................................................................................... 3-1 USB connector............................................................................................................................................................... 3-2 LED ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Screw terminal wiring.................................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Main connector and pin out ........................................................................................................................................... 3-3 Analog input terminals (CH0 IN - CH7 IN)................................................................................................................... 3-4 Analog output terminals (D/A OUT 0 and D/A OUT 1)................................................................................................ 3-6 Digital I/O terminals (Port A0 to A7, and Port B0 to B7).............................................................................................. 3-7 Power terminals ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-7 Calibration terminal ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-8 Ground terminals ........................................................................................................................................................... 3-8 External trigger terminal ................................................................................................................................................ 3-8 SYNC terminal .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-8 Counter terminal ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-9 Accuracy......................................................................................................................................................... 3-9 PMD-1208FS channel gain queue feature .................................................................................................... 3-11 Synchronizing multiple units........................................................................................................................ 3-12 Chapter 4 Specifications.................................................................................................................................... 4-1 Analog input section....................................................................................................................................... 4-1 Analog output section..................................................................................................................................... 4-3 Digital input/output......................................................................................................................................... 4-3 External trigger ............................................................................................................................................... 4-4 External clock input/output............................................................................................................................. 4-4 Counter section ............................................................................................................................................... 4-5 iv PMD-1208FS User's Guide Non-volatile memory...................................................................................................................................... 4-5 Microcontroller............................................................................................................................................... 4-5 Power.............................................................................................................................................................. 4-5 General ........................................................................................................................................................... 4-6 Environmental ................................................................................................................................................ 4-6 Mechanical ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-6 Main connector and pin out ............................................................................................................................ 4-6 4-channel differential mode ........................................................................................................................................... 4-7 8-channel single-ended mode......................................................................................................................................... 4-7 v Preface About this User's Guide What you will learn from this user's guide This user's guide explains how to install, configure, and use the PMD-1208FS so that you get the most out of its USB data acquisition features. This user's guide also refers you to related documents available on our web site, and to technical support resources that can also help you get the most out of the PMD-1208FS. Conventions in this user's guide For more information on … Text presented in a box signifies additional information and helpful hints related to the subject matter you are reading. Caution! Shaded caution statements present information to help you avoid injuring yourself and others, damaging your hardware, or losing your data. <#:#> Angle brackets that enclose numbers separated by a colon signify a range of numbers, such as those assigned to registers, bit settings, etc. bold text Bold text is used for the names of objects on the screen, such as buttons, text boxes, and check boxes. For example: 1. Insert the disk or CD and click the OK button. italic text Italic text is used for the names of manuals and help topic titles, and to emphasize a word or phrase. For example: The InstaCal® installation procedure is explained in the DAQ Software Quick Start. Never touch the exposed pins or circuit connections on the board Where to find more information The following electronic documents provide information that can help you get the most out of your Personal Measurement Device™ brand PMD-1208FS. MCC's Specifications: PMD-1208FS (the PDF version of Chapter 4 in this guide) is available on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/pdfs/PMD-1208FS.pdf. MCC's DAQ Software Quick Start is available on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/DAQ-Software-Quick-Start.pdf. MCC's Guide to Signal Connections is available on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/signals/signals.pdf. MCC's Universal Library User's Guide is available on our web site at http://www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/sm-ul-user-guide.pdf. MCC's Universal Library Function Reference is available on our web site at http://www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/sm-ul-functions.pdf. MCC's Universal Library for LabVIEW™ User’s Guide is available on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/SM-UL-LabVIEW.pdf. PMD-1208FS User’s Guide (this document) is available on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/PMD-1208FS.pdf. vi Chapter 1 Introducing the PMD-1208FS This user's guide contains all of the information you need to connect the PMD-1208FS to your computer and to the signals you want to measure. The PMD-1208FS is part of the Personal Measurement Device™ brand of USB-based data acquisition products. The PMD-1208FS is a USB 2.0 full-speed device supported under Microsoft® Windows® 98 (2nd edition), Windows ME, Windows 2000, and Window XP. It is designed for USB 1.1 ports, and was tested for full compatibility with both USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 ports. Refer to the "Be sure you are using the latest system software" note in Chapter 2, "Installing the PMD1208FS," to make sure you are using the latest USB drivers. The PMD-1208FS features eight analog inputs, two 12-bit analog outputs, 16 digital I/O connections, and one 32-bit external event counter. The PMD-1208FS is powered by the +5 volt USB supply from your computer. No external power is required. The PMD-1208FS analog inputs are software configurable for either eight 11-bit single-ended inputs, or four 12-bit differential inputs. Sixteen digital I/O lines are independently selectable as input or output in two 8-bit ports. A 32-bit counter can count TTL pulses. A SYNC (synchronization) input / output line allows you to pace the analog input acquisition of one PMD module from the clock output of another. The PMD-1208FS is shown in Figure 1-1. I/O connections are made to the screw terminals located along each side of the PMD-1208FS. Figure 1-1. PMD-1208FS 1-1 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Introducing the PMD-1208FS PMD-1208FS block diagram PMD-1208FS functions are illustrated in the block diagram shown here. USB G= 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20 Full-speed USB 2.0 Compliant Interface 16 Screw terminal I/O connector Port A SPI DIO 8 Port B SYNC 8 single-ended (11-bit) channels or 4 differential (12-bit) channels 8 Analog output USB Microcontroller 2 channels (12-bit) 2 Screw terminal I/O connector Analog Input TRIG_IN CAL CAL 32-bit Event Counter 1 channel 1 Figure 1-2. PMD-1208FS functional block diagram Software features The following software ships with the PMD-1208FS free of charge. InstaCal installation, calibration, and test utility TracerDAQ™ suite of virtual instruments SoftWIRE® for Visual Studio® .NET graphical programming MCC DAQ Components for VS .NET (installed with SoftWIRE® for VS .NET) For information on the features of InstaCal, TracerDAQ, and SoftWIRE, refer to the DAQ Software Quick Start booklet that shipped with the PMD-1208FS. 1-2 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Introducing the PMD-1208FS Connecting a PMD-1208FS to your computer is easy Installing a data acquisition device has never been easier. The PMD-1208FS relies upon the Microsoft Human Interface Device (HID) class drivers. The HID class drivers ship with every copy of Windows that is designed to work with USB ports. We use the Microsoft HID because it is a standard, and its performance delivers full control and maximizes data transfer rates for your PMD-1208FS. No third-party device driver is required. The PMD-1208FS is plug-and-play. There are no jumpers to position, DIP switches to set, or interrupts to configure. You can connect the PMD-1208FS before or after you install the software, and without powering down your computer first. When you connect an HID to your system, your computer automatically detects it and configures the necessary software. You can connect and power multiple HID peripherals to your system using a USB hub. You can connect your system to various devices using a standard four-wire cable. The USB connector replaces the serial and parallel port connectors with one standardized plug and port combination. You do not need a separate power supply module. The USB automatically delivers the electrical power required by each peripheral connected to your system. Data can flow two ways between a computer and peripheral over USB connections. 1-3 Chapter 2 Installing the PMD-1208FS What comes with your PMD-1208FS shipment? As you unpack your PMD-1208FS, verify that the following components are included. Hardware PMD-1208FS USB cable (2 meter length) Software The Measurement Computing Data Acquisition Software CD contains the following software: InstaCal installation, calibration, and test utility TracerDAQ suite of virtual instruments SoftWIRE for VS .NET SoftWIRE MCC DAQ Components for .NET 2-1 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Installing the PMD-1208FS Documentation In addition to this hardware user's guide, you should also receive the DAQ Software Quick Start (available in PDF at www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/DAQ-Software-Quick-Start.pdf). Please read this booklet completely before installing any software and hardware. Unpacking the PMD-1208FS As with any electronic device, you should take care while handling to avoid damage from static electricity. Before removing the PMD-1208FS from its packaging, ground yourself using a wrist strap or by simply touching the computer chassis or other grounded object to eliminate any stored static charge. If any components are missing or damaged, notify Measurement Computing Corporation immediately by phone, fax, or e-mail: Phone: 508-946-5100 and follow the instructions for reaching Tech Support. Fax: 508-946-9500 to the attention of Tech Support Email: [email protected] Installing the software Refer to the DAQ Software Quick Start for instructions on installing the software on the Measurement Computing Data Acquisition Software CD. This booklet is available in PDF at www.mccdaq.com/PDFmanuals/DAQ-Software-Quick-Start.pdf. Installing the hardware Be sure you are using the latest system software Before you connect the PMD-1208FS, make sure that you are using the latest versions of the USB drivers. Before installing the PMD-1208FS, download and install the latest Microsoft Windows updates. In particular, when using Windows XP, make sure you have XP Hotfix KB822603 installed. This update is intended to address a serious error in Usbport.sys when you operate a USB device. You can run Windows Update or download the update from www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=733dd86756a0-4956-b7fe-e85b688b7f86&displaylang=en. For more information, refer to the Microsoft Knowledge Base article "Availability of the Windows XP SP1 USB 1.1 and 2.0 update." This article is available at support.microsoft.com/?kbid=822603. To connect the PMD-1208FS to your system, turn your computer on, and connect the USB cable to a USB port on your computer or to an external USB hub that is connected to your computer. The USB cable provides power and communication to the PMD-1208FS. 2-2 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Installing the PMD-1208FS When you connect the PMD-1208FS for the first time, a series of Found New Hardware popup balloons (Windows XP) or dialogs (other Windows versions) opens as the PMD-1208FS is detected by your computer. It is normal for multiple dialogs to open when you connect the PMD-1208FS for the first time. For additional information, refer to the "Notes on installing and using the PMD-1208FS" that was shipped with the PMD-1208FS. The last popup balloon or dialog states "Your new hardware is installed and ready to use," and the LED on the PMD-1208FS should flash and then remain lit. This indicates that communication is established between the PMD-1208FS and your computer. On most computers, you can install up to two PMD-1208FS units. If you need to connect more than two PMD-1208FS units to your computer, contact Tech Support by phone (508-946-5100), fax (508-9469500), or email ([email protected]) Caution! Do not disconnect any device from the USB bus while the computer is communicating with the PMD-1208FS, or you may lose data and/or your ability to communicate with the PMD1208FS. If the LED turns off If the LED is illuminated but then turns off, the computer has lost communication with the PMD-1208FS. To restore communication, disconnect the USB cable from the computer, and then reconnect it. This should restore communication, and the LED should turn back on. 2-3 Chapter 3 Functional Details Theory of operation - analog input acquisition modes The PMD-1208FS can acquire analog input data in two different modes – software paced and continuous scan. Software paced mode In software paced mode, you can acquire one analog sample at a time. You initiate the A/D conversion by calling a software command. The analog value is converted to digital and returned to the computer. You can repeat this procedure until you have the total number of samples that you want from one channel. The maximum throughput sample rate in software paced mode is system-dependent. Continuous scan mode In continuous scan mode, you can acquire data from up to eight channels. The analog data is continuously acquired, converted to digital values, and written to an on-board FIFO buffer until you stop the scan. The FIFO buffer is serviced in blocks as the data is transferred from the PMD-1208FS to the memory buffer on your computer. The maximum continuous scan rate of 50 kS/s is an aggregate rate. The total acquisition rate for all channels cannot exceed 50 kS/s. You can acquire data from one channel at 50 kS/s, two channels at 25 kS/s, and four channels at 12.5 kS/s. You can start a continuous scan with either a software command or with an external hardware trigger event. External components The PMD-1208FS has the following external components, as shown in Figure 3-1. USB connector LED Screw terminal banks (2) LED Screw terminal Pins 1 to 20 Screw terminal Pins 21 to 40 USB connector / cable Figure 3-1. PMD-1208FS external components 3-1 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details USB connector The USB connector is on the right side of the PMD-1208FS. This connector provides +5 V power and communication. The voltage supplied through the USB connector is system-dependent, and may be less than 5 V. No external power supply is required. LED The LED on the front of the housing indicates the communication status of the PMD-1208FS. It uses up to 5 mA of current and cannot be disabled. Table 3-1 defines the function of the PMD-1208FS LED. Table 3-1. LED Illumination LED Illumination Indication Steady green Blinks continuously The PMD-1208FS is connected to a computer or external USB hub. Data is being transferred. Screw terminal wiring The PMD-1208FS has two rows of screw terminals—one row on the top edge of the housing, and one row on the bottom edge. Each row has 20 connections. Pin numbers are identified in Figure 3-2. Figure 3-2. PMD-1208FS Screw terminal pin numbers Screw terminal – pins 1-20 The screw terminals on the top edge of the PMD-1208FS (pins 1 to 20) provide the following connections: Eight analog input connections (CH0 IN to CH7 IN) Two analog output connections (D/A OUT 0 to D/A OUT 1) One external trigger source (TRIG_IN) One SYNC terminal for external clocking and multi-unit synchronization (SYNC) One calibration terminal (CAL) Five analog ground connections (AGND) One ground connection (GND) One external event counter connection (CTR) 3-2 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4-channel differential mode pin out CTR SYNC TRIG IN GND CAL AGND D/A OUT 1 D/A OUT 0 AGND CH3 IN LO CH3 IN HI AGND CH2 IN LO CH2 IN HI AGND CH1 IN LO CH1 IN HI AGND CH0 IN LO CH0 IN HI GND Port B7 Port B6 Port B5 Port B4 Port B3 Port B2 Port B1 Port B0 GND PC +5 V GND Port A7 Port A6 Port A5 Port A4 Port A3 Port A2 Port A1 Port A0 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8-channel single-ended mode pin out CTR SYNC TRIG IN GND CAL AGND D/A OUT 1 D/A OUT 0 AGND CH7 IN CH6 IN AGND CH5 IN CH4 IN AGND CH3 IN CH2 IN AGND CH1 IN CH0 IN Connector type Wire gauge range 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 GND Port B7 Port B6 Port B5 Port B4 Port B3 Port B2 Port B1 Port B0 GND PC +5 V GND Port A7 Port A6 Port A5 Port A4 Port A3 Port A2 Port A1 Port A0 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details Screw terminal – pins 21-40 The screw terminals on the bottom edge of the (pins 21 to 40) provide the following connections: 16 digital I/O connections (PortA0 to Port A7, and Port B0 to Port B7) One power connection (PC+5 V) Three ground connections (GND) Main connector and pin out Screw terminal 16 AWG to 30 AWG 3-3 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details Analog input terminals (CH0 IN - CH7 IN) You can connect up to eight analog input connections to the screw terminal containing pins 1 to 20 (CH0 IN through CH7 IN.) Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of these pins. You can configure the analog input channels as eight single-ended channels or four differential channels. When configured for differential mode, each analog input has 12-bit resolution. When configured for single-ended mode, each analog input has 11-bit resolution, due to restrictions imposed by the A/D converter. Single-ended configuration When all of the analog input channels are configured for single-ended input mode, eight analog channels are available. The input signal is referenced to signal ground (GND), and delivered through two wires: The wire carrying the signal to be measured connects to CH# IN. The second wire connects to AGND. The input range for single-ended mode is ±10 V. No other ranges are supported in single-ended mode. Figure 3-3 illustrates a typical single-ended measurement connection. Figure 3-3. Single-ended measurement connection The following example shows the single-ended measurement data acquired by TracerDAQ. Figure 3-4. TracerDAQ plot of single-ended measurement data 3-4 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details Single-ended measurements using differential channels To perform a single-ended measurement using differential channels, connect the signal to "CHn IN HI" input, and ground the associated "CHn IN LO" input. Differential configuration When all of the analog input channels are configured for differential input mode, four analog channels are available. In differential mode, the input signal is measured with respect to the low input. The input signal is delivered through three wires: The wire carrying the signal to be measured connects to CH0 IN HI, CH1 IN HI, CH2 IN HI, or CH3 IN HI. The wire carrying the reference signal connects to CH0 IN LO, CH1 IN LO, CH2 IN LO, or CH3 IN LO. The third wire connects to GND. A low-noise precision programmable gain amplifier (PGA) is available on differential channels to provide gains of up to 20 and a dynamic range of up to 12-bits. Differential mode input voltage ranges are ±20 V, ±10 V, ±5 V, ±4 V, ±2.5 V, ±2.0 V, 1.25 V, and ±1.0 V. In differential mode, the following two requirements must be met for linear operation: Any analog input must remain in the −10V to +20V range with respect to ground at all times. The maximum differential voltage on any given analog input pair must remain within the selected voltage range. The input [common-mode voltage + signal] of the differential channel must be in the −10 V to +20 V range in order to yield a useful result. For example, you input a 4 V pp sine wave to CHHI, and apply the same sine wave 180° out of phase to CHLO. The common mode voltage is 0 V. The differential input voltage swings from 4 V-(-4 V) = 8 V to -4 V-4 V = -8V. Both inputs satisfy the -10 V to +20 V input range requirement, and the differential voltage is suited for the ±10 V input range (see Figure 3-5). +4V CHHI Measured Signal 0V -4V +/-8V 8V Differential +4V CHLO -4V Figure 3-5. Differential voltage example: common mode voltage of 0 V If you increase the common mode voltage to 11 V, the differential remains at ±8 V. Although the [common-mode voltage + signal] on each input now has a range of +7 V to +15 V, both inputs still satisfy the -10 V to +20 V input requirement (see Figure 3-6). +15V CHHI Measured Signal +11V +/-8V 8V Differential CHLO +11V +7V Figure 3-6. Differential voltage example: common mode voltage of 11 V 3-5 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details If you decrease the common-mode voltage to -7 V, the differential stays at ±8 V. However, the solution now violates the input range condition of -10 V to +20 V. The voltage on each analog input now swings from -3V to -11V. Voltages between -10 V and -3 V are resolved, but those below -10 V are clipped (see Figure 3-7). -3V CHHI -7V Measured Signal 3V -11V 8V Differential +/-7V -3V CHLO -7V -11V Figure 3-7. Differential voltage example: common mode voltage of -7 V Since the analog inputs are restricted to a −10 V to +20 V signal swing with respect to ground, all ranges except ±20V can realize a linear output for any differential signal with zero common mode voltage and full scale signal inputs. The ±20 V range is the exception. You cannot put −20 V on CHHI and 0 V on CHLO since this violates the input range criteria. Table 3-2 shows some possible inputs and the expected results. Table 3-2. Sample inputs and differential results CHHI CHLO Result -20 V -15 V -10 V -10 V 0V 0V +10 V +10 V +15 V +20 V 0V +5 V 0V +10 V +10 V +20 V -10 V 0V -5 V 0 In Valid In Valid -10 V -20 V -10 V -20 V +20 V +10 V +20 V +20 V For more information on analog signal connections For more information on single-ended and differential inputs, refer to the Guide to Signal Connections (this document is available on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/signals/signals.pdf) Analog output terminals (D/A OUT 0 and D/A OUT 1) You can connect up to two analog output connections to the screw terminal pins 13 and 14 (D/A OUT 0 and D/A OUT 1). Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of these pins. Each channel can be paced individually at rates up to 10,000 updates per second. Both channels can be paced simultaneously using the same time base at 5000 updates per channel. The 0-4.096 V output range provides a convenient 1 mV per LSB when setting the output voltage levels. 3-6 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details Digital I/O terminals (Port A0 to A7, and Port B0 to B7) You can connect up to 16 digital I/O lines to the screw terminal containing pins 21 to 40 (Port A0 to Port A7, and Port B0 to Port B7.) Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of these pins. You can configure each digital port for either input or output. When you configure the digital bits for input, you can use the digital I/O terminals to detect the state of any TTL level input. Refer to the switch shown in Figure 3-8 and the schematic shown in Figure 3-9. If the switch is set to the +5 V input, Port A0 reads TRUE (1). If you move the switch to GND, Port A0 reads FALSE. Figure 3-8. Digital connection Port A0 detecting the state of a switch Port A0 +GND +5V Figure 3-9. Schematic showing switch detection by digital channel Port A0 For more information on digital signal connections For more information on digital signal connections and digital I/O techniques, refer to the Guide to Signal Connections (available on our web site at www.mccdaq.com/signals/signals.pdf). Power terminals The PC +5V connection (pin 30) is on the bottom screw terminal of the PMD-1208FS. Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of this pin. This terminal draws power from the USB connector. The +5 V screw terminal is a 5 volt output that is supplied by the host computer. Caution! The +5 V terminal is an output. Do not connect to an external power supply or you may damage the PMD-1208FS and possibly the computer. The maximum total output current that can be drawn from all PMD-1208FS connections (power, analog and digital outputs) is 420 mA. This maximum applies to most personal computers and self-powered USB hubs. Bus-powered hubs and notebook computers may limit the maximum available output current to 100 mA. 3-7 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details Just connecting the PMD-1208FS to your computer draws 80 mA of current from the USB +5 V supply. Once you start running applications with the PMD-1208FS, each DIO bit can draw up to 2.5 mA, and each analog output can draw 15 mA. The maximum amount of +5 V current available for experimental use, over and above that required by the PMD-1208FS, is the difference between the total current requirement of the PMD (based on the application), and the allowed current draw of the PC platform (500 mA for desktop PCs and self-powered hubs, or 100 mA for bus-powered hubs and notebook computers). With all outputs at their maximum output current, you can calculate the total current requirement of the PMD-1208FS USB +5 V as follows: (PMD-1208FS @ 80 mA) + (16 DIO @ 2.5 mA ea) + (2 AO @ 15 mA ea ) = 150 mA For an application running on a PC or powered hub, the maximum available excess current is 500 mA−150 mA = 350 mA. This number is the total maximum available current at the PC +5 V screw terminals. Measurement Computing highly recommends that you figure in a safety factor of 20% below this maximum current loading for your applications. A conservative, safe user maximum in this case would be in the 350-380 mA range. Since laptop computers typically allow up to 100 mA, the PMD-1208FS in a fully-loaded configuration may be above that allowed by the computer. In this case, you must determine the per-pin loading in the application to ensure that the maximum loading criteria is met. The per-pin loading is calculated by simply dividing the +5 V by the load impedance of the pin in question. Calibration terminal The CAL connection (pin 16) is an output you should use only to calibrate the PMD-1208FS. Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of this pin. Calibration of the PMD-1208FS is software-controlled via InstaCal. Ground terminals The four analog ground (AGND) connections provide a common ground for all PMD-1208FS input channels. Four ground (GND) connections provide a common ground for the DIO, TRIG_IN, CTR, SYNC and PC +5V connections. Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of the AGND and GND terminal pins. External trigger terminal The TRIG_IN connection (pin 18) can be configured for either rising or falling edge. Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of the TRIG_IN terminal pin. SYNC terminal The SYNC connection (pin 19) is a bidirectional I/O signal. You can use it for two purposes: Configure as an external clock input to externally source the A/D conversions. The SYNC terminal supports TTL-level input signals of up to 50 kHz. Configure as an output to synchronize with a second PMD unit and acquire data from 16 channels. Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of this pin. For more information, refer to page 3-12. 3-8 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details Counter terminal The CTR connection (pin 20) is input to the 32-bit external event. Refer to the pinout diagrams on pages 3-3 and 3-3 for the location of this pin. The internal counter increments when the TTL levels transition from low to high. The counter can count frequencies of up to 1 MHz. Accuracy The overall accuracy of any instrument is limited by the error components within the system. Quite often, resolution is incorrectly used to quantify the performance of a measurement product. While "12-bits" or "1 part in 4096" does indicate what can be resolved, it provides little insight into the quality of an absolute measurement. Accuracy specifications describe the actual results that can be realized with a measurement device. There are three types of errors which affect the accuracy of a measurement system: offset gain nonlinearity. The primary error sources in the PMD-1208FS are offset and gain. Nonlinearity is small in the PMD1208FS, and is not significant as an error source with respect to offset and gain. Figure 3-10 shows an ideal, error-free, PMD-1208FS transfer function. The typical calibrated accuracy of the PMD-1208FS is range-dependent, as explained in the "Specifications" chapter of this document. We use a ±10 V range here as an example of what you can expect when performing a measurement in this range. Input Voltage +FS Output Code 0 2048 4095 -FS Figure 3-10. Ideal ADC transfer function The PMD-1208FS offset error is measured at mid-scale. Ideally, a zero volt input should produce an output code of 2048. Any deviation from this is an offset error. Figure 3-11 shows the PMD-1208FS transfer function with an offset error. The typical offset error specification on the ±10 V range is ±9.77 mV. Offset error affects all codes equally by shifting the entire transfer function up or down along the input voltage axis. 3-9 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details The accuracy plots in Figure 3-11 are drawn for clarity and are not drawn to scale. Input Voltage +FS Ideal Offset=9.77mV 0 2 2048 Output Code 9.77mV 4095 Actual -FS Figure 3-11. ADC transfer function with offset error Gain error is a change in the slope of the transfer function from the ideal, and is typically expressed as a percentage of full-scale. Figure 3-12 shows the PMD-1208FS transfer function with gain error. Gain error is easily converted to voltage by multiplying the full-scale (FS) input by the error. The accuracy plots in Figure 3-12 are drawn for clarity and are not drawn to scale. Input Voltage +FS Ideal Gain error=+0.2%, or +20 mV Gain error=-0.2%, or -20 mV Actual Output Code 0 2048 4095 -FS Figure 3-12. ADC Transfer function with gain error For example, the PMD-1208FS exhibits a typical calibrated gain error of ±0.2% on all ranges. For the ±10 V range, this would yield 10 V × ±0.002 = ±20 mV. This means that at full scale, neglecting the effect of offset for the moment, the measurement would be within 20 mV of the actual value. Note that gain error is expressed as a ratio. Values near ±FS are more affected from an absolute voltage standpoint than are values near mid-scale, which see little or no voltage error. Combining these two error sources in Figure 3-13, we have a plot of the error band of the PMD-1208FS for the ±10 V range. This is a graphical version of the typical accuracy specification of the product. 3-10 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details The accuracy plots in Figure 3-13 are drawn for clarity and are not drawn to scale Input Voltage Ideal +9.77mV + 20 mV +FS Ideal Ideal -(9.77mV + 20 mV) 9.77mV Output Code 0 2048 4095 Ideal +9.77mV + 20 mV -FS Ideal Ideal -(9.77mV + 20 mV) Figure 3-13. Error band plot PMD-1208FS channel gain queue feature The PMD-1208FS's channel gain queue feature allows you to set up a scan sequence with a unique perchannel gain setting and channel sequence. The channel gain queue feature removes the restriction of using an ascending channel sequence at a fixed gain. This feature creates a channel list which is written to local memory on the PMD-1208FS. The channel list is made up of a channel number and range setting. An example of a four-element list is shown in Table 3-3. Table 3-3. Sample channel gain queue list Element Channel Range 0 1 2 3 CH0 CH0 CH7 CH2 BIP10V BIP5V BIP10V BIP1V When a scan begins with the gain queue enabled, the PMD-1208FS reads the first element, sets the appropriate channel number and range, and then acquires a sample. The properties of the next element are then retrieved, and another sample is acquired. This sequence continues until all elements in the gain queue have been selected. When the end of the channel list is detected, the sequence returns to the first element in the list. This sequence repeats until the specified number of samples is gathered. You must carefully match the gain to the expected voltage range on the associated channel—otherwise, an over range condition can occur. Although this condition does not damage the PMD-1208FS, it does produce a useless full-scale reading. It can also introduce a long recovery time from saturation, which can affect the next measurement in the queue. 3-11 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Functional Details Synchronizing multiple units You can connect the SYNC pin of two PMD-1208FS units together in a master/slave configuration and acquire data from the analog inputs of both devices using one clock. When the SYNC pin is configured as an output, the internal A/D pacer clock is sent to the screw terminal. You can use this signal as a clock input to a second PMD by connecting it to the SYNC pin of the second PMD. When used as a clock input, the SYNC pin operates in one of two modes – Continuous or Gated. In the default Continuous mode, a PMD-1208FS ignores the first clock pulse in order to ensure adequate setup time. Use this mode if the unit is being paced from a continuous clock source, such as a generator. In the Gated mode, it is assumed that the clock signal will be held off for an adequate amount of time for setup to occur. No clock pulses are ignored. Use this mode if the PMD-1208FS is set up as a slave and the source of the external clock is another PMD. The SYNC pin (pin 19) is set for pacer output by default. To synchronize a master PMD-1208FS with a slave PMD-1208FS and acquire data, follow the steps below. 1. Connect the SYNC pin of the master PMD-1208FS to the SYNC pin of the slave PMD-1208FS. 2. Run InstaCal. 3. From the PC Board List on the InstaCal main form, double-click on the PMD-1208FS you want to use as a slave. The Board Configuration dialog opens. 4. Select Gated from the Ext. Clock Type drop-down list. 5. Set the Universal Library EXTCLOCK option with cbAInScan()/AInScan for the slave PMD1208FS to enable pacing from the master PMD device. This InstaCal option does not affect internally paced acquisition. It only affects scans that use the EXTCLOCK option. An example of a master/slave configuration is shown below. Master Slave PMD-1608FS PMD-1208FS Configure the SYNC pin for output SYNC pin pin 19 Slave PMD-1208FS Set the Universal Library EXTCLOCK option with cbAInScan()/AInScan() for the slave PMD-1208FS Configure the SYNC pin for input Figure 3-14. Configuring for synchronous data acquisition When you are operating one PMD-1208FS, do not set the EXTCLOCK option unless you are using an external clock for A/D pacing. 3-12 Chapter 4 Specifications Typical for 25 °C unless otherwise specified. Specifications in italic text are guaranteed by design. Analog input section Table 4-1. Analog input specifications Parameter A/D converter type Input voltage range for linear operation, single-ended mode Input common-mode voltage range for linear operation, differential mode Absolute maximum input voltage Input current (Note 1) Conditions Specification CHx to GND Successive approximation type ±10 volts (V) max CHx to GND -10 V min, +20 V max CHx to GND Vin = +10 V Vin = 0 V Vin = -10 V ±28 V max 70 microamperes (µA) typ -12 µA typ -94 µA typ 8 single-ended / 4 differential, software selectable ±10 V, G=2 ±20 V, G=1 ±10 V, G=2 ±5 V, G=4 ±4 V, G=5 ±2.5 V, G=8 ±2.0 V, G=10 ±1.25 V, G=16 ±1.0 V, G=20 Software selectable 250 samples per second (S/s) typ, PCdependent 50 kilosamples per second (kS/s) Software configurable channel, range, and gain. 12 bits, no missing codes 11 bits ±36.25 mV max ±1 least significant bit (LSB) typ ±0.5 LSB typ ±1 LSB typ 5 milliamperes (mA) max 20 µA min, 100 µA typ External digital: TRIG_IN Number of channels Input ranges, single-ended mode Input ranges, differential mode Throughput (Note 2) Channel gain queue Resolution (Note 3) CAL accuracy Integral linearity error Differential linearity error Repeatability CAL current Trigger source Software paced Continuous scan Up to 16 elements Differential Single-ended CAL = 2.5 V Source Sink Software selectable Note 1: Input current is a function of applied voltage on the analog input channels. For a given input voltage, Vin, the input leakage is approximately equal to (8.181*Vin-12) µA. Note 2: Maximum throughput scanning to PC memory is machine dependent. The rates specified are for Windows XP only. Maximum rates on operating systems that predate XP may be less and must be determined through testing on your machine. 4-1 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Note 3: Specifications The AD7870 converter only returns 11-bits (0-2047 codes) in single-ended mode. Table 4-2. Accuracy, differential mode Range Accuracy (LSB) ±20 V ±10 V ±5 V ±4 V ±2.5 V ±2 V ±1.25 V ±1 V 5.1 6.1 8.1 9.1 12.1 14.1 20.1 24.1 Table 4-3. Accuracy, single-ended mode Range Accuracy (LSB) ±10 V 4.0 Table 4-4. Accuracy components, differential mode - All values are (±) Range % of Reading Gain Error at full scale (FS) (millivolts (mV)) Offset (mV) Accuracy at FS (mV) ±20 V ±10 V ±5 V ±4 V ±2.5 V ±2 V ±1.25 V ±1 V 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 20 10 8 5 4 2.5 2 9.766 9.766 9.766 9.766 9.766 9.766 9.766 9.766 49.766 29.766 19.766 17.766 14.766 13.766 12.266 11.766 Table 4-5. Accuracy components, single-ended mode - All values are (±) Range % of Reading Gain Error at FS (mV) Offset (mV) Accuracy at FS (mV) ±10 V 0.2 20 19.531 39.531 Table 4-6. Noise performance, differential mode Range Typical counts Least significant bitroot mean square (LSBrms) ±20 V ±10 V ±5 V ±4 V ±2.5 V ±2 V ±1.25 V ±1 V 2 2 3 3 4 5 7 8 0.30 0.30 0.45 0.45 0.61 0.76 1.06 1.21 Table 4-7. Noise performance, single-ended mode Range Typical Counts LSBrms ±10 V 2 0.30 4-2 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Specifications Analog output section Table 4-8. Analog output specifications Parameter Conditions Resolution Output range Number of channels Throughput (Note 4) Software paced Single channel, continuous scan Dual channel, continuous scan, simultaneous update Initializes to 000h code Power on and reset voltage Output drive Slew rate Note 4: Specification 12-bits, 1 in 4096 0 – 4.096 V, 1 mV per LSB. 2 250 S/s single channel typical, PC dependent 10 kS/s 5 kS/s Each D/A OUT 15 mA 0.8 V/microsecond (µs) typ Maximum throughput scanning to PC memory is machine dependent. The rates specified are for Windows XP only. Maximum rates on operating systems that predate XP may be less and must be determined through testing on your machine Table 4-9. Analog output accuracy, all values are (±) Range Accuracy (LSB) 0-4.096 V 4.0 typ, 45.0 max Table 4-10. Analog output accuracy components, all values are (±) Range 0-4.096 V Note 5: % of FSR 0.1 typ, 0.9 max Gain Error at FS (mV) Offset (mV) Accuracy at FS (mV) 4.0 typ, 36.0 max (Note 5) 1.0 typ, 9.0 max 4.0 typ, 45.0 max Negative offsets will result in a fixed zero-scale error or “dead band.” At the maximum offset of -9 mV, any input code of less than 0x009 will not produce a response in the output. Digital input/output Table 4-11. Digital I/O specifications Digital type Number of I/O Configuration Pull up/pull-down configuration Input high voltage Input low voltage Output high voltage (IOH = -2.5 mA) Output low voltage (IOL = 2.5 mA) Power on and reset state CMOS 16 (Port A0 through A7, Port B0 through B7) 2 banks of 8 All pins pulled up to Vs via 47 K resistors (default). Positions available for pull down to ground. Hardware selectable via zero ohm (Ω) resistors as a factory option. 2.0 V min, 5.5 V absolute max 0.8 V max, –0.5 V absolute min 3.8 V min 0.7 V max Input 4-3 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Specifications External trigger Table 4-12. Digital trigger specifications Parameter Conditions Specification Trigger source (Note 6) Trigger mode External Digital Software selectable TRIG_IN Edge sensitive: user configurable for CMOS compatible rising or falling edge. 10 µs max 1 µs min 4.0 V min, 5.5 V absolute max 1.0 V max, –0.5 V absolute min ±1.0 µA Trigger latency Trigger pulse width Input high voltage Input low voltage Input leakage current Note 6: TRIG_IN is a Schmitt trigger input protected with a 1.5 kilohm (kΩ) series resistor. External clock input/output Table 4-13. External clock I/O specifications Parameter Conditions Pin name Pin type Software selectable direction Input clock rate Clock pulse width Input leakage current Input high voltage Input low voltage Output high voltage (Note 7) Output low voltage (Note 7) Note 7: Specification SYNC Bidirectional Outputs internal A/D pacer clock. Receives A/D pacer clock from external source. 50 KHz, maximum 1 µs min 5 µs min ±1.0 µA 4.0 V min, 5.5 V absolute max 1.0 V max, –0.5 V absolute min 3.3 V min 3.8 V min 1.1 V max 0.6 V max Output (default) Input Input mode Output mode Input mode IOH = -2.5 mA No Load IOL = 2.5 mA No Load SYNC is a Schmitt trigger input and is over-current protected with a 200 Ω series resistor. 4-4 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Specifications Counter section Table 4-14. Counter specifications Pin name (Note 8) Counter type Number of channels Input source Resolution Schmidt trigger hysteresis Input leakage current Maximum input frequency High pulse width Low pulse width Input high voltage Input low voltage Note 8: CTR Event counter 1 CTR screw terminal 32 bits 20 mV to 100 mV ±1 µA 1 MHz 500 ns min 500 ns min 4.0 V min, 5.5 V absolute max 1.0 V max, –0.5 V absolute min CTR is a Schmitt trigger input protected with a 1.5 K Ω series resistor. Non-volatile memory Table 4-15. Non-volatile memory specifications EEPROM EEPROM Configuration 1,024 bytes Address Range Access Description 0x000-0x07F 0x080-0x1FF 0x200-0x3FF Reserved Read/write Read/write 128 bytes system data 384 bytes cal data 512 bytes user area Microcontroller Table 4-16. Microcontroller specifications Type Program Memory Data Memory High performance 8-bit RISC microcontroller 16,384 words 2,048 bytes Power Table 4-17. Power specifications Parameter Conditions Supply current (Note 9) +5V USB power available (Note 10) Output current (Note 11) Note 9: Specification Connected to self-powered hub Connected to externally-powered root port hub Connected to bus-powered hub Connected to self-powered hub Connected to externally-powered root port hub Connected to bus-powered hub 80 mA 4.5 V min, 5.25 V max 4.1 V min, 5.25 V max 420 mA max 20 mA max This is the total current requirement for the PMD-1208FS which includes up to 10 mA for the status LED. 4-5 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Specifications Note 10: Self-powered hub refers to a USB hub with an external power supply. Self-powered hubs allow a connected USB device to draw up to 500 mA. Root port hubs reside in the PC’s USB host controller. The USB port(s) on your PC are root port hubs. All externally powered root port hubs (desktop PCs) provide up to 500 mA of current for a USB device. Battery-powered root port hubs provide 100 mA or 500 mA, depending upon the manufacturer. A laptop PC that is not connected to an external power adapter is an example of a battery-powered root port hub. Bus powered hubs receive power from a self-powered or root port hub. In this case the maximum current available from the USB +5 V is 100 mA. The minimum USB +5 V voltage level can be as low as 4.1 V. Note 11: This refers to the total amount of current that can be sourced from the USB +5 V, analog outputs and digital outputs. General Table 4-18. General specifications Parameter Conditions Specification Device type Device compatibility USB 2.0 full speed USB 1.1, USB 2.0 Environmental Table 4-19. Environmental specifications Operating Temperature range Storage temperature range Humidity 0 to 70 °C -40 to 85 °C 0 to 90% non-condensing Mechanical Table 4-20. Mechanical specifications Dimensions USB cable length User connection length 79 millimeters (mm) long x 82 mm wide x 25 mm high 3 meters max 3 meters max Main connector and pin out Table 4-21. Main connector specifications Connector type Wire gauge range Screw terminal 16 AWG to 30 AWG 4-6 PMD-1208FS User's Guide Specifications 4-channel differential mode Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Signal Name CH0 IN HI CH0 IN LO AGND CH1 IN HI CH1 IN LO AGND CH2 IN HI CH2 IN LO AGND CH3 IN HI CH3 IN LO AGND D/A OUT 0 D/A OUT 1 AGND CAL GND TRIG IN SYNC CTR Pin 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Signal Name Port A0 Port A1 Port A2 Port A3 Port A4 Port A5 Port A6 Port A7 GND PC+5V GND Port B0 Port B1 Port B2 Port B3 Port B4 Port B5 Port B6 Port B7 GND Pin 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Signal Name Port A0 Port A1 Port A2 Port A3 Port A4 Port A5 Port A6 Port A7 GND PC+5V GND Port B0 Port B1 Port B2 Port B3 Port B4 Port B5 Port B6 Port B7 GND 8-channel single-ended mode Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Signal Name CH0 IN CH1 IN AGND CH2 IN CH3 IN AGND CH4 IN CH5 IN AGND CH6 IN CH7 IN AGND D/A OUT 0 D/A OUT 1 AGND CAL GND TRIG IN SYNC CTR 4-7 Declaration of Conformity Manufacturer: Address: Measurement Computing Corporation 16 Commerce Boulevard Middleboro, MA 02346 USA Category: Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. Measurement Computing Corporation declares under sole responsibility that the product PMD-1208FS to which this declaration relates is in conformity with the relevant provisions of the following standards or other documents: EU EMC Directive 89/336/EEC: Electromagnetic Compatibility, EN 61326 (1997) Amendment 1 (1998) Emissions: Group 1, Class A EN 55011 (1998)/CISPR 11: Radiated and Conducted emissions. Immunity: EN61326, Annex A EN 61000-4-2 (1995): Electrostatic Discharge immunity, Criteria C. EN 61000-4-3 (1997): Radiated Electromagnetic Field immunity Criteria A. EN 61000-4-8 (1995): Power Frequency Magnetic Field immunity Criteria A. Power line and I/O tests to EN61000-4-4, EN61000-4-5, EN61000-4-6, and EN61000-4-11 were not required. The device is DC powered from an I/O cable which is less than three meters long. Declaration of Conformity based on tests conducted by Chomerics Test Services, Woburn, MA 01801, USA in August, 2004. Test records are outlined in Chomerics Test Report #EMI3948.04. We hereby declare that the equipment specified conforms to the above Directives and Standards. Carl Haapaoja, Vice-President of Design Verification Measurement Computing Corporation 16 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, Massachusetts 02346 (508) 946-5100 Fax: (508) 946-9500 E-mail: [email protected] www.mccdaq.com
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