Chauvin Arnoux C.A 6456 User Manual 42 Pages
Chauvin Arnoux C.A 6456 User Manual
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Loop and earth Ohmmeter
C.A 6456
E N G L I S H
User's manual
1
Meaning of the symbol :
WARNING !
Consult the user manual before using the instrument.
Failure to follow or carry out the instructions in this user manual that are preceded by this symbol may result in personal injury or damage to the instrument and the installations.
Consult the user manual before using the instrument!
Thank you for purchasing a C.A 6456 loop and earth ohmmeter.
To get the best service from this instrument :
■ read carefully this user's manual,
■ respect the safety precautions
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
This instrument can be used on category III installations at voltages not exceeding 550V with respect to earth . Category III meets the reliability and availability requirements of uses on fixed industrial installations
(cf. EN 61010-1 + A2).
■
Never use the C.A 6456 tester on installations having a potential greater than 550V with respect to earth.
■
Check that none of the input terminals is connected and that the switch is set to OFF before opening the instrument.
■
Use connection accessories of which the overvoltage category and service voltage are greater than or equal to those of the measuring instrument (600V, cat. III). Use only accessories that comply with safety standards (EN 61010-031 and EN 61010-2-032).
■
Do not immerse the C.A 6456 tester!
■ Repairs and metrological verifications must be carried out by approved, qualified personnel.
WARRANTY
Unless otherwise stated, our warranty is valid for twelve months (12 months) following the date on which the equipment is made available (extract from our General Conditions of Sale, available on request).
2
SOMMAIRE
1 PRESENTATION ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Environmental conditions ........................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Compliance with standards ........................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Power supply ............................................................................................................................. 5
2 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 6
3 GENERAL USE ........................................................................................................................ 9
3.1 Automatic checks ...................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Instrument configuration (SET-UP) ......................................................................................... 10
3.3 Compensation of the leads ...................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Recording measurement results (MEM) .................................................................................. 13
3.5 Recalling recorded values (MR) ............................................................................................... 13
3.6 Erasing recorded values .......................................................................................................... 14
3.7 Printing measurement results (PRINT) .................................................................................... 15
3.8 Printing recorded values (PRINT MEM) .................................................................................. 15
4 MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................................................. 16
4.1 Voltage measurement .............................................................................................................. 16
4.2 2P and 3P earth measurement ................................................................................................ 21
4.3 Earth measurement in live condition (REARTH) ...................................................................... 25
4.4 3-wire loop measurement (Z LOOP) ........................................................................................ 32
4.5 2-wire loop measurement (Z LINE) .......................................................................................... 35
4.6 Current measurement ( ) ............................................................................................... 37
7
8
5 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................
39
6 MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................................... 40
6.1 Replacing the batteries ............................................................................................................ 40
6.2 Storage .................................................................................................................................... 40
6.3 Cleaning .................................................................................................................................. 40
6.4 Metrological verification ........................................................................................................... 40
6.5 Warranty ................................................................................................................................. 40
6.6 Customer service .................................................................................................................... 40
6.7 Repair ..................................................................................................................................... 40
LIST OF CODED ERRORS .................................................................................................... 41
TO ORDER ............................................................................................................................. 41
3
1. PRESENTATION
Portable instrument for testing and checking the safety of new and existing electrical installations (loop ohmmeter).
Measurement functions :- Voltage,
- Frequency,
- Test of protective conductor, PE,
- Earth resistance with 2 auxiliary rods (3P method)
- Coupling resistance (2P method)
- Loop impedance, with display of the resistive part and of the inductive part,
- Calculation of short-circuit currents,
- Current, with clamp,
- Selective earth resistance (with clamp).
Execution :
Display :
- 8-way central switch and 7-key keypad.
- Backlit 160-segment LCD display unit with two simultaneous digital displays,
A1 and A2:
- 4 digits to display up to 4,000 measurement points,
- 3 decimal points for the different display ranges.
4
1 position of the phase conductor
2 auxiliary earth rod detected
3 measurement smoothed for display
12 "object" number for storage
13 main display unit A1
4 audible buzzer activated 15 measurement with triggering of RCD (full power level)
5 communication in progress (serial link) 16 alarm function activated or display of an alarm threshold
6 battery charge level
7 Auto standby function deactivated
17 secondary function activated
18 type of quantity displayed
8 level of memory use
9 reading/recording in memory
19 selective measurement
20 "WARNING" indicator (if it appears, refer to the manual)
10 secondary display unit A2
11 "test" number for storage
21 compensation of measuring cables activated
1.1
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Temperature :
%RH (without cond.) :
Tightness :
Service conditions: -10 to +55°C - storage and transport (without batteries): -40 to +70°C.
Service conditions: 85% max. - storage and transport (without batteries): 90% max.
IP54 as per standard NF EN 60 529.
1.2
COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS
1.2.1
GENERAL
The instrument complies with the following standards:
EN 61010-1,
NF EN 61557 : parts 1, 3, 5 and part 10,
EN 60529.
1.2.2 SAFETY
The instrument complies with the requirements of standards EN 61010-1 and EN 61557, i.e. :
service voltage: 550 V,
measurement category: III with double insulation,
level of pollution: 2.
1.2.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
The device is in conformity with standard IEC 61326-1:
Emissions : Requirements on class B equipment.
Immunity : Requirements on equipment used in discontinuous operation on industrial sites.
1.3
POWER SUPPLY
Power supply :
Battery life :
6 LR6 1.5V alkaline batteries; they can be replaced by rechargeable sealed batteries having a capacity of at least 1,800 mAh.
30 hours or approximately :
- 10,000 loop measurements or under voltage earth measurements
- 1,000 earth measurements (2P/3P) during 30 seconds
- 30,000 voltage or current measurements during 5 seconds.
5
2. DESCRIPTION
Preliminary remarks : Several types of action are possible on each key of the keypad, depending on whether the user presses the key briefly (short press, < 2s, validated by a beep) or at length (long press, > 2s, validated by a beep having a tone different from that of the beep emitted for a short press).
In what follows, these different actions are symbolized as follows: for a short press on the key in question for a press > 2s on the key in question
3
2
1
4
5
6
6
1 8 WAY ROTARY SWITCH :
- OFF :
- 3P :
- 2P : instrument off earth measurement with 2 auxiliary rods
AC or earth coupling resistance measurement
- REARTH / :
- ZLOOP :
- ZLINE :
- :
- SET-UP : earth measurement in a live condition, with one auxiliary rod (selective earth
if clamp connected) loop impedance measurement with 3 wires (high or low current), between phase (L) and earth (PE) loop impedance measurement with 2 wires (high current only), between two phases or between phase and neutral current measurement configuration of the instrument
Set the switch to OFF when the instrument is not in use
2 7-KEY KEYPAD :
The functions of the various keys are as follows for all the settings of the switch EXCEPT the SET-UP position (see § 3.2).
Touche 2 nd :
+ press on other key => access the secondary function of the key in question
(written in yellow italics below each key)
2 nd
=> display the current time and date as long as the key is kept pressed
Touche TEST / SMOOTH :
TEST => start/stop a measurement (except for voltage and current measurements, which are made directly) and exit from the error mode
TEST
2 nd + TEST
SMOOTH
Touche MORE / ALARM :
MORE
=>
=>
=> compensation of the measuring cables.
smooth the measurement (SMOOTH mode) display the measurements and/or complementary calculations of a function, possibly in association with the key .
2 nd + MORE
ALARM
Touche :
=> activate/deactivate the "alarm" function.
=> display the measurements and/or complementary calculations of a function, possibly in association with the key .
7
Key
2 nd
MEM or
+ MEM
MR
2 nd or
PRINT MEM
+
2 nd +
:
=> select the memory block (OBJ) or line (TEST) for storage, retrieval on screen, or printing
.
=> switch the backlighting of the display unit on/off with the switch set to ZLOOP and/or ZLINE:
=> select the type of measurement ("tripping" or
"non-tripping" mode )
=> increment the value of the memory block (OBJ) or line (TEST) 2 nd
MEM or
+ MEM
MR
2 nd or
PRINT MEM
+
Key MEM / MR :
MEM + MEM
2 nd + MEM
MR
Key PRINT (PRINT MEM) :
2 nd +
PRINT MEM
=>
=>
=>
=>
=> decrement the value of the memory block (OBJ) or line
TEST) store a measurement and all information linked to it.
display stored measurements.
print the last measurement made print the selected part of the memory (part or all)
8
3 BACKLIT LCD DISPLAY UNIT
4 OPTICAL SERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
5 SAFETY INPUT TERMINALS , dia. 4mm, marked L, N, PE and P (terminal used for earth measurements in a live condition).
maximum voltage with respect to earth = 550 V
6 MARKED SOCKET FOR THE CONNECTION OF A CURRENT CLAMP
3. GENERAL USE
The measurements are made directly (voltage, frequency, and current if a clamp is connected) or by pressing the TEST key.
Voltage and/or frequency measurements are accessible in all "active" settings of the switch.
3.1
AUTOMATIC CHECKS
3.1.1
POSITION OF PHASE (MAINS SOCKET) CHECK
Upon connection, the instrument measures the voltages between conductors "L" and "N" (U
LN
), between conductors "L" and "PE"(U
LPE
), between conductors "N" and "PE" ‘(U
NPE
), and between the voltage probe - if a rod is connected to the terminal P - and conductor "PE".
The conductor that has the highest potential is taken to be the phase, designated by the letter "L" and identified by one of the following displays :
Or
The measuring cable supplied with the instrument bears a white mark making it possible to determine the position of the phase on the mains socket.
The instrument also determines the frequency for any frequency ≥ 15.3Hz or DC
3.1.2
THE PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR (PE) CHECK
In a loop measurement (ZLOOP) or an earth measurement in a live condition (REARTH), when the TEST key is pressed, the instrument first measures the potential difference U
C
between the local earth (user's potential, via the TEST key) and the "PE" terminal.
If U
C
> U
L
, where U
L
is the limit contact voltage (U
L
= 25 or 50 V : see § 3.2 : SET-UP), the instrument indicates that it is impossible to make a measurement.
If a measurement is triggered, the instrument then monitors voltage U
NPE
: if it increases by more than 20 V, the instrument stops the measurement and reports an error.
Pressing the TEST key again causes a return to voltage measurement mode.
In a loop measurement with 2 wires (ZLINE position), measurement of the potential between the earth and the "PE" conductor is omitted
9
3.1.3
MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS CHECK or a measurement to be authorized, in addition to the above two checks (determination of the position of the phase and of the voltage of the PE conductor), the following conditions must be satisfied:
- U
LN
, U
LPE
and U
NPE
< 550 V,
- voltage: f < 450Hz; current: 20Hz < f < 450Hz,
- loop or earth measurements in live condition: f = 15,3 to 65Hz,
- correct connection of the measuring cables (terminals connected and not interchanged).
Toute interdiction de mesure est accompagnée d'un message d'erreur (voir § 7), d'un bip d'erreur et de l'affichage clignotant du symbole .
3.2
INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION (SET-UP)
=> Set the rotary switch to the SET-UP position.
The parameter or value configured is validated upon return to the "PUSH btn" screen.
Warning: if the switch is turned before the return to the "PUSH btn" screen, the modified data are lost.
The table below indicates the various parameters that can be configured and their programming sequence.
Remark: generally, changes from "ON" to "OFF" and/or changes of the values of the parameters are effected using the key.
Parameter
Time / Date
Type of power supply
Activate/deactivate automatic shutdown
Automatic shutdown time
Activate/deactivate the buzzer
Display the internal parameters of the instrument
Presses Values Default values
2 nd + MEM successive
2
2
2
2
2 nd nd nd nd nd
+
+ 2x
+ 3x
+ successive
+ TEST
Euro (JJ/MM)
US (MM/JJ)
AAAA
HH:MM bAtt niMH on
OFF
01 to 59 mm on
OFF serial no.
software version date of calibration
LCD screen
2 to 5
User adjustable bAtt on
5mn on
3
Number of measurements in
"SMOOTH" mode
Printing of configuration
Printer configuration
(data rate)
Default configuration
2 nd + PRINT
TEST + TEST
300 to 9600 bauds see §3.2.1
9600
10
Parameter
Erase memory (totally or partially)
MEM
Presses
Reference voltage for the calculation of I k
Value of the low current I
TEST in "non-tripping" measurement
Threshold voltag U
L
Alarms :
Earth resistance threshold
Loop resistance or impedance threshold
Measured current threshold
MORE x2
MORE x3
MORE x4
2 nd + MORE
2 nd + MORE x2
2 nd + MORE x3
Values see §3.6
Default values see § 4.3.2
6.9 or 12 mA see § 4.2.2
25 or 50 V voltage measured
12 mA
50 V see § 4.2.2
see § 4.4.2
see § 4.6.2
3.2.1
RESTORING THE DEFAULT CONFIGURATION
This can be used to restore the delivery configuration.
In SET- UP position:
PUSH btn
TEST dFLt
TEST for validation and programming of the default configuration
PUSH btn
3.3
COMPENSATION OF THE LEADS
The leads must be compensated for measurements of low loop and earth resistance values, in order to make the measurements more accurate.
If a compensation already exists, the symbol is displayed. To view the compensation values, use the
MORE and 4 keys.
11
3.3.1
APPLYING A COMPENSATION
Set the switch to one the LOOP/RCD positions.
Connect one end of the three-conductor cord terminated by 3 leads to the device. Short-circuit the 3 leads.
In the case of a mains outlet, connect the two earth pins with the earth pins with leads.
Perform a long press on the TEST button.
During the measurement, the device displays "LEAd" and the symbol, and the dashes blink.
At the end of the measurement, the 4 key is used to view the values of R
∆
L
, R
∆
N
and R
∆
PE
.
3.3.2
WITHDRAW A COMPENSATION
Set the switch to one of the LOOP/RCD positions.
Connect nothing to the terminals, or leave the leads open.
Then perform a long press on the TEST button.
During the measurement, the device displays "LEAd" and the symbol and the dashes blink.
To exit from compensation of the leads, perform a second long press on the TEST key.
If the compensation of the leads is effective, the symbol is lit steadily.
If the compensation has not been performed, the symbol is not displayed and the compensation values are zero.
At the end of the measurement, the device reports that the result found is greater than 5 Ω and withdraws the compensation of the leads.
For exit from compensation of the leads, perform a second long press on the TEST key.
3.3.3
POSSIBLE ERROR MESSAGES
Display - Indication
Hz
U xy
> 2V
Remark - Possible cause
The voltage on the terminals exceeds 2 V.
Check your connections.
> 5
Ω
The measured resistance of the leads is greater than 5
Ω
.
If this is not intentional, to withdraw the compensation, check your connections.
12
3.4
RECORDING MEASUREMENT RESULTS (MEM)
IMPORTANT - Each measurement stored in the instrument is identified by 2 indices: an OBJ no. and a
TEST no.; a given object (OBJ) generally contains several TEST nos.
For example: an OBJ no. can be used to locate an installation, and the TEST nos. identify the various measurements made on this installation.
At any time, the user can store the result of a measurement and all of the parameters associated with the measurement: date, time, type of measurement, measurement parameters, etc.
The location proposed by default is the first free memory location.
measurement to be stored
MEM
03 06
OBJ TEST
FrEE (1)
selection of storage address using the following keys :
and mesure mémorisée storage at the selected address (2)
1)
"FrEE": the selected memory location is free / "OCC": the selected memory location is occupied
(2)
whether the location selected is occupied or not (previously recorded values are overwritten)
Note : Up to 100 measurements can be stored (e.g. 10 objects each having 10 tests, or any other combination).
3.5
RECALLING RECORDED VALUES (MR)
2 nd + MEM
MR
The group of measurements (OBJ) and the measurement (TEST) to be retrieved on the display unit are selected using the and keys.
13
3.6
ERASING RECORDED VALUES
The memory of the instrument can be erased, totally or partially, in the SET-UP rotary switch position:
Complete erasure of the memory
Erasure of a memory block
(OBJ)
Erasure of a memory line
(TEST)
PUSH btn
CLr
ALL
MEM
MEM
FrEE
ALL
MEM
MEM
PUSH btn
PUSH btn
CLr
ALL
MEM
MEM
02 07
OBJ TEST
OCC
MEM
MEM
02 07
OBJ TEST
FrEE
MEM
Select the memory block (OBJ) to erase
PUSH btn
MEM
CLr
ALL
MEM
X 2
02 07
OBJ TEST
OCC
MEM
MEM
Select the memory line TEST to erase
02 07
OBJ TEST
FrEE
MEM
PUSH btn
PUSH btn
14
3.7
PRINTING MEASUREMENT RESULTS (PRINT)
PRINT : print the measurement made and all of the parameters attached to it.
Examples of printing tickets:
Remark : In the SET-UP position, pressing the PRINT key triggers printing of the configuration of the instrument.
3.8
PRINTING RECORDED VALUES (PRINT MEM)
Recorded values can be printed with the switch in any position except SET-UP or OFF.
PRINT MEM
2 nd + PRINT
01 01 : 1 st memory location used
06 05 : last memory location used
Printing of all measurements between he 1st and last memory location selected to select the values to be printed
15
4. MEASUREMENTS
4.1
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
4.1.1
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION
Voltage measurement is accessible with the switch in any position except SET-UP or OFF.
4.1.2
PREPARATION OF THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION)
=> Switch the instrument on
=> Connect the instrument to the installation using the measuring cable terminated by a mains plug, or
=> Use the separate cables to make the connection.
4.1.3
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Once connected, the instrument indicates any voltage(s) present on its terminals.
Do not use the instrument on an electrical installation exceeding 550 V with respect to earth
4.1.4
MEASUREMENT RESULTS
The measured values and complementary results can be consulted directly using
the and Keys, whatever the setting of the switch.
Parameters accessible in the 3P:
Initial display
Initial display
Hz
U
HE
Hz
U
SE
MORE
(1 st press)
R
E ALARM
-------
R
E ALARM
-------
MORE
(2 nd press)
R
∆
E
U
L
R
∆
E
U
L
Parameters accessible in the 2P:
Initial display
Initial display
Hz
U
HE
MORE
(1 st press)
R
E ALARM
-------
MORE
(2 nd press)
R
∆
E
U
L
16
Parameters accessible in the REarth setting:
Initial display
Initial display
(1
(2 st nd
(3 nd press) press) press)
Hz
U
LN
Hz
U
LPE
Hz
U
NPE
Hz
U
P
Parameters accessible in the ZLoop setting:
Initial display
Initial dispaly
(1
(2 st press)
nd press)
Hz
U
LN
Hz
U
LPE
Hz
U
NPE
Parameters accessible in the ZLine setting:
Initial display
Initial dispaly
(1
(2 st press)
nd press)
Hz
U
LN
Hz
U
LPE
Hz
U
NPE
MORE
(1 st press)
R
A ALARM
----
R
A ALARM
----
R
A ALARM
----
R
A ALARM
----
MORE
(1 st press)
U
REF
Z
L ALARM
U
REF
Z
L ALARM
U
REF
Z
L ALARM
MORE
(1 st press)
U
REF
Z
L ALARM
U
REF
Z
L ALARM
U
REF
Z
L ALARM
MORE
(2 nd press)
R
∆
L
U
L
R
∆
PE
U
L
R
∆
N
U
L
----
U
L
MORE
(2 nd press)
R
∆ L
U
L
R
∆
PE
U
L
R
N
U
L
MORE
(2 nd press)
R
∆
L
U
L
R
∆
PE
U
L
R
N
U
L
17
Parameters accessible in the current measurement
Initial dispaly
(1
(2 st press)
nd press)
Initial display
Hz
I
Hz
I
Hz
I
setting:
MORE
(1 st press)
Hz
U
LN
Hz
U
LPE
Hz
U
NPE
MORE
(2 nd press)
----
I
ALARM
----
I
ALARM
----
I
ALARM
4.1.5
CHARACTERISTICS
4.1.5.1 Measurement ranges and accuracy
Frequency : the value displayed is guaranteed only for a voltage ≥ 10 VRMS (all settings of the switch except ) or, in the , position, for a current ≥ 100 mARMS
Voltage measurements
Measurements of the potential of the voltage probe
Contact voltage measurement
Frequency measurement
Display range
Specified measurement domain
Accuracy
Input impedance
2.0 - 79.9 V
± 4% ± 5 pt
400 V
80.0 - 399.9 V
± 2% ± 1 pt
4000 V
400 - 550 V (DC or RMS)
± 2% ± 1 pt
440 k Ω
Operating frequency
Specified measurement domain
Accuracy
DC and 15.3 à 450 Hz
2.0 – 100.0 V
± 15% ± 2 pt (45Hz < freq. < 65Hz)
4.5 M Ω in series with 4.7 nF Input impedance
Operating frequency
15.3 to 65 Hz
Display range 400 Hz
Specified measurement domain
Resolution
Accuracy
15.3 – 399.9 Hz
0.1 Hz
± 0.1% ± 1pt
4000 Hz
400 – 450 Hz
1 Hz
18
4.1.5.2 Influencing conditions
Influencing quanstities
Temperature
Relative humidity
POwer supply voltage
Frequency
Series mode rejection in AC
50/60Hz series mode rejection in DC
Common mode rejection in
50/60Hz AC
Limits of the domain of use
Variation of the measurement
Typical Maximum
-10 to + 55 °C
10 to 85 % HR at 45°C
1 %/10 °C ± 1pt 2 %/10 °C + 2pt
6.8 to 10 V
15.3
to 450Hz
2 % 3 % + 2 pt
1 % / V + 1pt 2%/ V + 2pt
0.5% 1%
0 to 500 V DC 50dB 40dB
19
4.1.6
WARNINGS OR ERROR REPORTS
Preliminary remark: The complete list of coded errors is given in § 7.
Display - Indication Remark - Possible cause(s)
Hz
> 550V
One of the voltages measured (U is > 550V.
LN
, U
LPE
, or U
NPE
)
<15.3Hz (or) >65Hz or 450Hz
U
LN
(or) U
NPE
(or) U
LPE
Hz
U
LN
Frequency outside measurement domain
(depends on type of measurement)
N and PE reversed
N not connected
N not connected and L and PE reversed
Er08 n PE
In ZLINE position :
Permutation, PE-L-N instead of L-N-PE
HZ
U
NPE
> 25 (or) 50V
Er02
L
Er03
L
L and PE reversed
Permutation, N-PE-L instead of L-N-PE
In ZLINE position :
L and PE reversed
Permutation, N-PE-L instead of L-N-PE
L not connected
L not connected and N and PE reversed
Hz
U
NPE
> 25 (or) 50V
U
NPE
> U
L
(threshold voltage)
Hz
U
HE
(or) U
SE
> 30V
In 2P or 3P position:
One of the voltages is > maximum allowed spurious voltage.
Hz
U
C
> 25 (or) 50V
In ZLOOP or REARTH position :
Potential difference between the local earth and PE too high
Press the TEST key to exit from the error conditions. .
20
4.2
2P AND 3P EARTH MEASUREMENT
4.2.1
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION
3P and 2P earth measurements are made in a power-off condition.
The measurements are made with two auxiliary rods (3 poles) and one auxiliary rod (2 poles), respectively.
Note however that measurements with 2 auxiliary rods are more accurate.
Measurement in 3P mode: the instrument generates an alternating current square wave (128 Hz) between terminals H and E, then measures the voltage between terminals S and E: from this voltage and the current generated, it deduces global earthing resistance R
E
.
Measurement in 2P mode: the instrument generates a signal between terminals H and E, measures the voltage on terminal H, and deduces resistance R
E
.
4.2.2
PREPARATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION)
=> In SET-UP, set the value of the no-load voltage generated by the instrument: U
L in a damp environment (see § 3.2).
=> If necessary,
= 50 V, or 25V
■ adjust the alarm, R
E ALARM
, in the SET-UP mode,
PUSH btn
2 nd MORE
>
88.88
direction of alarm (> or<)
88.88
location of decimal point
88.88
MORE x3
PUSH btn setting of the values of each of the 4 digits, selected by successive presses on the
keys
■
■ activate the alarm by pressing the ALARM key and 2nd key after SET-UP exit .
An overshoot of an alarm threshold during a measurement is indicated by a continuous audible signal compensate the measuring cables (see § 3.3).
21
=> Cut off power to the installation and disconnect the earth of the installation
=> Set the switch to 2P or 3P.
=> Then connect the measuring cables to the instrument and to the rods, complying with the following distances and connections (example of connection for 3P measurement).
Remark : to be sure that rod S is located in a zone that is not influenced by other earth electrodes, move it
( 10% of the distance and repeat the measurement. The result must not change or just from few %.
4.2.3
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Press the TEST key. The instrument measures voltages U
HE
and U
SE
. If the measurement is possible, the instrument checks the resistances of rods S and H: if they are correct, the instrument makes the measurement and displays it.
To make a 2P measurement, plant a single rod and connect the measuring cables to terminals H and E of the instrument. The measurement proceeds in the same way as a 3P measurement.
4.2.4
MEASUREMENT RESULTS
After the measurement, the measured values and complementary results can be consulted using the
and keys.
(The quantities accessible before the measurement is made are described in § 4.1.4)
Parameters accessible in the 2P setting :
Initial display
Initial display
R
R
H
E
MORE
(1 st press)
H
U z
HE
MORE
(2 nd press)
R
E ALARM
-------
(3
MORE nd press)
R
U
∆
E
L
22
Parameters accessible in the 3P setting :
Initial display
Initial display
R
R
R
R
H
E
S
E
MORE
(1 st press)
H z
U
HE
H z
U
SE
MORE
(2 nd press)
R
E ALARM
-------
R
E ALARM
-------
MORE
(3 nd press)
R
∆ E
U
L
R
∆
E
U
L
4.2.5
CHARACTERISTICS
4.2.5.1 MEASUREMENT RANGES AND ACCURACY
Particular reference : resistance of auxiliary earths < 100
Ω conditions : resistance of the cable connected to terminal E of the instrument compensated
The instrument automatically selects one of two ,measurement currents according to the sum of Re and
Rh as well as the set voltage limit.
Display range
Specified measu rem ent domain
Accuracy
R
H
+ R
E
≥
9 k
Ω
at 50V or R
H
+ R
E
≥
4.5k
Ω
at 25V
Measuring curren t = 5mA
40 Ω 400 Ω
0.50 – 39.99
± 2% ± 5pt
Ω
40.0 – 399.9
Ω
4000 Ω
400 – 3999
Ω
± 2% ± 2pt
Measuri ng current 5 mA
Max. acceptable resistance in the curr ent loop
8 k Ω (50 V) or 4 k Ω (25 V)
R
H
+ R
E
≥
9 k
Ω
at 50 V or R
H
+ R
E
≥
4,5 k
Ω
at 25 V
Measurin g current = 500 µA
Display range 400 Ω 4000 Ω
Specified measu rem ent domain
0.5 – 399.9
Ω
400 – 3999
Ω
Accuracy ± 2% ± 5pt
40.00 k Ω
4.00 – 39.99 k
± 2% ± 2 pt
Ω
500 µA Measuri ng current
Max. acceptable resistance in the curr ent loop
45 k
Ω
Common characteristics
Maxim um accep table r esistance in th e voltage lo op
50 k Ω
Frequency
No -l oad voltag e
Accur acy of ro d r esistan ce m easurements
128 Hz
25 V or 50 V
5% + 5pt
23
4.2.5.2 Influencing conditions
Infl uencing quantities
Temperature
Relative humidity
Power supply voltage
Voltage in s eries in the voltage measurement loop (S-E)
Voltage in s eries in the current injection loop
(H-E)
Current loop rod resistance (R
H
)
Voltage loop rod resistance (R
S
)
Lim its of the domain of use
-10 to + 55 °C
10 to 85% RH at 45°C
6.8 to 10 V
0 to 30 V from 15.3 to 450Hz
Variation of the measurement
Typi cal
1%/10 °C
±
1pt
2%
1% / V
±
1pt
Ex cept at 128 ± 16H z
Maxim um
3% + 2 pt
2%/10 °C + 2pt
2%/ V + 2pt
0.2%/V + 1 pt
0 to 30 V from 15.3 to 450Hz
0 to 50k Ω
0 to 50k Ω
Except at 128 Hz
0.5%/10k
Ω
+ 0.015% R
0.5%/10k Ω
+ 0.015% R
H
S
0.2%/V + 1 pt
1%/10k
Ω
+ 0.015% R
1%/10k Ω
+ 0.015% R
H
S
4.2.6
WARNINGS OR ERROR REPORTS (2P OR 3P EARTH MEASUREMENTS)
Preliminary remark : he complete list of coded errors is given in § 7
Display - Indication Remark - Possible cause
U
HE
Hz (or)
OU U
SE
> 30V
U
HE
or U
SE
is > 30V : the measurement is affected.
Try to move rods H and S
Er22
COMP
- resistance on rods H or S too high,
- or earth resistance too high,
- or spurious voltages too high.
Check the connections and the auxiliary rods.
Press the TEST key to exit from the error conditions.
If the value of R
E
is negative, it means that:
- the rod resistances are too high,
- or the spurious voltages are too high,
- or the compensation of the cables is wrong. It must be done over with the cables actually used
(see § 3.3).
24
4.3
EARTH MEASUREMENT IN LIVE CONDITION (REARTH)
4.3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION
■
This measurement is made with a single auxiliary rod (voltage probe) connected to terminal (P), yielding a saving of time with respect to a conventional measurement with 2 auxiliary rods.
■
A specific additional current clamp is necessary to make a selective earth measurement.
he instrument automatically detects the connection of the voltage and current probes.
When the TEST key is pressed, the instrument:
checks that the amplitude and frequency of the voltages present are correct,
checks the resistance of the auxiliary rod,
interchanges L and N internally if the 2 conductors are reversed in the socket,
measures the voltage between the TEST key and terminal PE,
If these quantities are correct, the instrument generates, according to the user's selection, a high current
("tripping" mode ) or a low current ("non-tripping" mode on 30mA RCD or more) between terminals L and PE and measures the voltage drop between terminals P and PE.
■
If the user selects measurement without tripping ( ), the current generated is low : the instrument measures R
A
(global earth resistance).
Note : if, during a earth measurement at low current, a earth fault breaker in the circuit still trips, measure the leakage current with the current probe using the "current measurement" function of the instrument, then change the measuring current I
TEST
(see § 4.2.2) with allowance for this leakage current. Otherwise, shortcircuit the circuit-breaker concerned and make the next measurement at high current for greater accuracy.
■
If the user has selected measurement with tripping (or if they have connected the current probe to make a selective measurement), the current generated is high ( ): arrangements may have to be made to prevent the earth fault breaker from tripping (e.g. temporary shunting of the breaker). The instrumen measures Z
A
(the global earthing impedance), R
A
and L
A
(the resistive and inductive parts of Z
A
).
Remarks:
- If the user selects measurement without tripping ( ) and connects a current probe, the instrument reverts to measurement with tripping and reports the change.
- If the user connects the current probe, it is the current measured by this probe that is used to calculate
R
A
. The lower this current, the more unstable the measurement is likely to be: in this case, smooth the measurement using the "SMOOTH" function.
4.3.2
PREPARATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION)
The instrument must be connected to the network in a live condition and the earth electrode to be measured must not be disconnected.
=> If necessary, set, in the SET-UP mode :
■
U
L
(see § 3.2),
25
■ the current generated for the measurement at low current :
PUSH btn
MORE x5
I
∆ n
12 mA
Selection of current
PUSH btn
MORE twice to exit from programming
■
■
■
The type of compensation of the measuring cables (see § 3.3) the alarm threshold Z
A
or R
A
: the number of measurements to be counted to smooth the measurement (see § 3.2).
=> Set the switch to the REARTH position,
=> Activate the alarm by pressing the ALARM key,
5
=> high ( ) for a greater accuracy:
- if there is no tripping of a earth fault breaker (measurement made upstream of the RCDs),
- if the earth fault breaker concerned is short-circuited for greater accuracy,
- in the case of a selective measurement using a current probe.
=> low ( ) for a quick check :
=> Make the connections as indicated below, according to the type of installation to be checked.
=> Compensate the measuring cables (see § 3.3),
Case of an installation with a TT type neutral situation :
=> Connect the mains socket (or the
3 separate cables) to the installation to be tested,
=> Plant the auxiliary rod at a distance
> 25 m from the earth electrode.
26
Case of an installation with a TN type neutral situation (selective measurement) :
=> Connect the mains socket (or the
3 separate cables) to the installation to be tested,
=> Connect a current probe to the terminal and encircle the earth of which the resistance is to be measured: the current used to calculate Z
A SEL by the probe,
is that measured
=> Plant the auxiliary rod PE as close as possible to the earth electrode to be measured for a measurement that is as accurate as possible,
=> Compensate the cables.
Note : without the current probe, what is measured is the global earth of the network, which is not very significant.
Connecting the clamp configures the instrument in the tripping mode (power-level current).
Case of an installation with an IT type neutral situation (not isolated) :
Preliminary remarks :
- the power supply transformer of the installation must not be completely isolated, but earthed through an impedance,
- the installation must also not be in first fault: start by checking the indication of the Permanent
Insulation Tester concerned,
- the "grounds to earth" R
A
and the earth of the power supply transformer must be separate to allow the circulation of the measuring current.
=> Connect the mains socket (or the
3 separate cables) to the installation to be tested,
=> Plant the auxiliary rod at a distance
> 25 m from the earth electrode.
4.3.3
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
The instrument first checks the resistance of the rod and measures the voltage between PE and earth, then measures the voltages U
LN
, U
LPE
, U
NPE
.
If these values are correct, pressing the TEST key starts the measurement.
Remark : to be sure that the auxiliary rod is located in a zone not influence by other earth electrodes, move the rod ( 10% of the distance and repeat the measurement. The result must not change. If it does, move the rod until the earth measurement remains unchanged.
4.3.4
MEASUREMENT RESULTS
After the measurement, the measured values and complementary results can be consulted using the
(The quantities accessible before the measurement is made are described above, in § 4.1.4)
27
Parameters accessible in earth measurement in live condition, mode (high current):
Initial display
(1
(2
(3 st nd nd press) press) press)
Initial display
R
A
Z
A
R
Z
A
R
A
Z
A
R
A
Z
A
A
MORE
(1 st press)
Z
A
L
A
Z
A
L
A
Z
A
L
A
L
A
Z
A
MORE
(2 nd press)
Hz
U
LN
Hz
U
LPE
Hz
U
NPE
Hz
U
P
MORE
(3 nd press)
R
A ALARM
U
F
R
A ALARM
U
F
R
A ALARM
U
F
R
A ALARM
U
F
MORE
(4 nd press)
R
U
L
L
R
∆
PE
U
L
R
∆
N
U
L
R
P
U
L
Parameters accessible in earth measurement in live condition, mode (low current):
Initial display
(1
(2
(3 st nd nd press) press) press)
Initial display
R
----
R
A
A
----
R
A
----
R
A
----
MORE
(1 st press)
Hz
U
LN
Hz
U
LPE
Hz
U
NPE
Hz
U
P
MORE
(2 nd press)
R
A ALARM
U
F
R
A ALARM
U
F
R
A ALARM
U
F
R
A AARM
U
F
MORE
(3 nd press)
R
∆
L
U
L
R
∆
PE
U
L
R
∆
N
U
L
R
P
U
L
Parameters accessible in selective earth measurement in live condition, mode (high current):
Initial display
(1
(2
(3 st nd nd press) press) press)
Initial display
R
A
Z
A SEL
R
A
Z
A SEL
R
A
Z
A SEL
Z
R
A
A SEL
MORE
(1 st press)
----
I
SEL
----
I
SEL
----
I
SEL
----
I
SEL
MORE
(2 nd press)
Hz
U
LN
Hz
U
LPE
Hz
U
NPE
Hz
U
P
MORE
(3 nd press)
R
A ALARM
R
R
R
A ALARM
A ALARM
A ALARM
MORE
(4 nd press)
R
∆
L
U
L
R
∆ PE
U
L
R
∆
N
U
L
R
P
U
L
28
4.3.5
CHARACTERISTICS
4.3.5.1 Measurement ranges and accuracy
Particular reference conditions : nominal voltage of the installation = 90 to 550 V, nominal frequency of use = 15.3 to 65 Hz, resistance in series with voltage probe: < 100
Ω inductive part < 0.1 x the resistive part of the impedance measured, resistance of the cable connected to terminal PE corrected, contact voltage < 5 V (potential of terminal PE with respect to the local earth).
Characteristics of the measurements:
Characteristics in "high current" mode ("tripping" mode ):
Charge duration : 300µs cycle
Display range
Specified measurement domain
Peak measuring current between
90V and 280V
Peak measuring current between
280V and 550V
Accuracy of the impedance measurement
Additional error for Rearth
0.20 - 1.99
Ω
1.06 to 3.25
Ω
40
± 10 % ±15 pt
Ω
2.00 - 19.99
Ω
0.90 to 3.25 A
1.27 to 2.73 A 1.20 to 2.71 A
20.00 - 39.99
± 0.3
Ω
Ω
0.79 to 2.83 A
1.13 to 2.57 A
± 5 % ±15 pt
400
Ω
40.0 - 399.9
0.24 to 2.47 A
0.55 to 2.42 A
± 5 % ±5 pt
Ω
Max. inductance acceptable for the measurement : 20 mH (display range 400.0 mH)
4000
Ω
400 - 3999
Ω
0.03 to 0.76 A
0.08 to 1.18 A
± 5 % ±2 pt
Characteristics in "low current" mode ("non-tripping" mode ):
Charge duration : cycle of one network frequency period.
Display range
Specified measurement domain
RMS measuring current
Accuracy of the resistance measurement (2)
0.5 - 1.9
± 15% ±
Ω
10 pt
400
2.0 - 19.9
Ω
Ω
20.0 - 399.9
(2) No measurement of the inductive part in"low current" mode.
±
Ω
15% ± 5 pt
4000
Ω
400 - 3999
6 - 9 - 12 mA (adjustable in «SET-UP» mode : see & 3.2)
Ω
29
Characteristic in "selective" mode: Charge duration : 300 µs cycle
Display range
Specified measurement domain
Peak measuring current (3)
Accuracy of the resistance measurement (4)
0.5 - 1.9
±
≥ 30 mA
15 % ±
Ω
5 pt 10 %
400
2.0 - 19.9
±
≥ 10 mA
±
Ω
Ω
5 pt
20.0 - 399.9
≥ 5 mA
(3) The measuring current is that measured by the current probe.
(4) No measurement of the inductive part in "selective" mode.
Ω
± 15 % ± 5 pt
≥
4000
2 mA
Ω
400 - 3999 Ω
-
Characteristics common to all measurement modes:
Max. resistance acceptable in series with the voltage probe: 15 k
Ω
- Accuracy of measurement of the resistance in series with the probe: 20 % + 10 pt
(resolution 0,1 k Ω ; display range 400.0 k Ω
4.3.5.2 Influencing conditions
Influencing quantities
Limits of the domain of use
Temperature
Relative humidity
-10 to + 55 °C
10 to 85 % HR at 45 °C
6.8 to 10 V Power supply voltage
Network voltage of the installation tested
99 to 101 % of nominal frequency
85 to 110 % of nominal voltage
Network voltage of the installation tested
Resistance in series qith the voltage probe ( earth in live condition only)
Contact voltage (Uc)
0 to 15 k Ω
0 to 50 V
Variation of the measurement
Typical Maximum
1 %/10 °C ± 1 pt 2 %/10 °C + 2 pt
2 % 3 % + 2 pt
1 % / V + 1pt 2 %/ V + 2 pt
0.5% 1 % + 1 pt
0.5% 1 % + 1 pt
0.1%/k Ω 0.2 %/ k Ω + 1 pt
0.1%/10V 0.2 %/10 V
30
4.3.6
WARNINGS OR ERROR REPORTS (EARTH MEASUREMENT IN LIVE CONDITION)
Preliminary remark: The complete list of coded errors is given in § 7.
Indication Cause possible
Hz
U
C
> 25 (or) 50V
Voltage > U is disabled.
L between the TEST key and PE: the measurement
Hz
<90 V
One of the voltages, U is impossible.
LN
or U
LPE
is < 90 V : the measurement
Hz
U
NPE
> 25 (or) 50V
U
NPE
is AC and > U
L
: the measurement is impossible.
< 15.3 Hz (or) > 65Hz
U
LN
(or) U
NPE
(or) U
LPE
The frequency of U
LN
, U
LPE
, or U
NPE
is < 15,3 Hz or >
65 Hz : the measurement is impossible.
NO rOd The rod is not connected, the measurement is stopped.
Er10
U
P
> 50V (or) 25V
U
P
> U
L
: the measurement is disabled.
R
P
> 15k
U
P
Ω Resistance of the auxiliary rod too high: the measurement is stopped.
Connection of a current probe after selection of measurement without tripping: the instrument automatically reverts to measurement with tripping and reports the fact.
During the measurement, U
F exceeds the value set in the
SET-UP mode: the measurement is stopped.
Er04
U
F
> 50V (or) 25V
Er05 During a selective measurement, the product of the current measured by the current probe and the measured voltage is too low: the measurement is stopped.
Er06
I = ----
During a selective measurement, the current measured by the current probe is too unstable: the measurement is stopped.
> 80°C
The temperature of the instrument is too high: the masurement is stopped. Pressing the TEST key has no effect until the
HOt temperature of the instrument is again below 60°C; another measurement can then be started.
Press the TEST key to exit from the error conditions.
31
4.4
WIRE LOOP MEASUREMENT (Z LOOP)
4.4.1
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION
In a TT network, measurement of loop impedance LPE is a rapid and practical way of checking a earth resistance without planting auxiliary rods.
In this case, the measurement includes the earthing resistance of the power supply transformer of the installation and the resistance of the distribution cables. It is therefore a high earth measurement, and any error is on the safe side.
In TT and TN networks, this function can also be used to check and size the protective systems in place by a rapid and easy measurement of the loop impedances between L and PE, L and N, and N and PE. This function can also be used to calculate the corresponding short-circuit currents (sizing of fuses and circuit breakers).
Note that the instrument allows measurement of loop impedance LPE behind 30mA circuit-breakers without causing them to trip (principle patented by Chauvin Arnoux).
In an IT network, use the instrument's "ZLINE" function.
The measurement principle is the same as for an earth measurement in a live condition.
When the TEST key is pressed, the instrument :
- checks that the amplitude and frequency of the voltages present are correct,
- measures the voltage between the TEST key and terminal PE,
- interchanges L and N internally if the 2 conductors are reversed in the socket,
- generates a current (high or low according to the user's selection) between terminals L and PE,
- measures loop impedances Z
Note: the measurement of Z
LN
LN
, Z
LPE
, et Z
NPE
.
does not trip the earth fault breakers even with high currents.
32
4.4.2
PREPARATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION))
=> If necessary, in SET-UP mode:
- set threshold voltage U
L
(see § 3.2),
- the type of compensation of the measuring cables (see § 3.3))
- set the alarm threshold Z
L
or R
L
- possibly, select a value of U
REF
(see § 4.2.2)
to be used for the calculation of the short-circuit current :
PUSH btn
2 nd
>
88.88
direction of alarm (> or<)
88.88
location of decimal point
88.88
MORE x3 setting of the values of each of the 4 digits, selected by successive presses on the
keys
PUSH btn
- possibly, select a value of U
REF
to be used for the calculation of the short-circuit current:
PUSH btn
MORE x4
U ref
MEAS
I k selection of voltage :
MEAS/230/400/127 or MEAS/220/380/110
MORE x3
PUSH btn
- the current generated for the measurement in low current mode (see § 4.2.2),
- set the number of measurements to be counted to smooth the measurement (see § 3.2)
=> Set the switch to the ZLOOP position,
=> Activate the alarm by pressing the ALARM key ,
=> Connect the line power plug or the 3 separate cables to the installation to be tested,
33
=> Compensate the measuring cables (see § 3.3),
2 nd 5
=> high ( ) for a greater accuracy:
- if no tripping of a earth fault breaker is foreseen (measurement made upstream of the RCDs),
- if the earth fault breaker concerned is short-circuited for greater accuracy,
=> low ( ) otherwise for a rapid check
The connection diagrams are the same as for earth measurements in a live condition, but without the voltage or current probe (see § 4.2.2).
4.4.3
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
The instrument first checks the resistance of the rod and measures the voltage between PE and earth, then measures voltages U
LN
, U
LPE
, U
NPE
.
If these values are correct, pressing the TEST key starts the measurement: as soon as the result is available, it is displayed.
Note: for measurements on three-phase systems, the loop impedance must be measured between each phase conductor, the neutral conductor, and the protective conductor.
4.4.4
MEASUREMENT RESULTS
After the measurement, the measured values and complementary results can be consulted using the and keys.
(The quantities accessible before the measurement is made are described above, in § 4.1.4.)
Initial display
Initial display
R
LPE
Z
LPE
MORE
(1 st press)
L
LPE
Z
LPE
MORE
(2 nd press)
U
REF
I
KLPE
MORE
(3 nd press)
Hz
U
LPE
MORE
(4 nd press)
----
Z
L ALARM
MORE
(5 nd press)
R
∆
PE
U
L
(1 st press)
R
LN
Z
LN
L
Z
LN
LN
U
I
REF
KLN
Hz
U
LN
Z
----
L ALARM
R
U
∆ L
L
(2 nd press)
R
NPE
Z
NPE
L
Z
NPE
NPE
I
U
REF
KNPE
Hz
U
NPE
Z
----
L ALARM
R
U
L
N
Note : In non-trip mode the inductive component is not measurable due to the weak test current. The values
L
LPE
, L
NPE
, Z
NPE
, are not displayed (display shows - - - -). The value L
LPE
is displayed in the L
LN
field .
4.4.5
CHARACTERISTICS
4.4.5.1 Measurement ranges and accuracy
Particular reference conditions :
- nominal voltage of the installation = 90 to 550V,
- nominal frequency of use = 15.3 to 65Hz,
- inductive part < 0.1 x the resistive part of the impedance measured.
The characteristics of loop measurements with 3 wires, with ( ) or without tripping ( ) are the same as those of earth measurements in a live condition, with or without tripping, respectively: see § 4.3.5.1.
34
Characteristics of calculation of short-circuit current I k
:
Display range
Resolution
Accuracy
400 A
0.1 A
4000 A
1 A
40 kA
10 A
Resistances, impedances :
Accuracy values indicated for earth measurements in a live condition (see § 4.2.5)
Short-circuit current :
Accuracy of impedances + accuracy of measuremnt of voltage U mes
, if it is used
Calculation formula I
K
= U
REF
/ Z
LOOP
(ou Z
LINE
)
4.4.5.2 Influencing quantities
Same as for earth measurements in a live condition (cf. § 4.3.5.2)
4.4.6 WARNINGS OR ERROR REPORTS (ZLOOP LOOP MEASUREMENTS)
Preliminary remark : The complete list of coded errors is given in § 7.
Same as for earth measurements in a live condition, except for the rod and the current probe measurement, which do not apply to loop measurements: see § 4.3.6.
4.5
WIRE LOOP MEASUREMENT (Z LINE)
4.5.1
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION
This function measures the line impedance between conductors "L" and "N" of the power network. This measurement can also be used to calculate short-circuit currents, in order to size fuses and circuit breakers.
It is possible to check the impedance between conductors "L" and "PE" or between two "L" conductors, but the measuring cables must systematically be connected to terminals "L" and "N" of the measuring instrument.
4.5.2
PREPARATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION)
=> If necessary, in SET-UP mode :
- set the threshold voltage U
L
- set the alarm threshold Z
L
- choose the value of U
REF
(see § 3.2),
ou R
L
(see § 4.4.2),
to be used to calculate short-circuit currents (see § 4.4.2)
=> Set the switch to ZLINE,
=> Connect the line power plug (or 2 separate cables) to the installation to be tested.
=> Activate the alarm by pressing the ALARM key,
=> Compensate of the measuring cables (see § 3.3)
The connection diagrams are the same as for earth measurements in a live condition, but without the voltage or current probe or the connection to terminal PE (if this connection is made, it is not taken into account) : see § 4.3.2.
35
4.5.3
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
In the case of 2-wire loop measurements, there is no monitoring of the potential of terminal PE nor the installation PE line.
Loop measurements with 2 wires are identical to loop measurements with 3 wires except as follows :
- the voltage between the TEST key and PE is not measured: only the potential between terminals L and
N is measured;
- there is no monitoring of U
NPE
hich enable the measurement..
The instrument measures voltage U
LN
and voltages U conducteur de phase et le conducteur du neutre.
LPE
, U
NPE
if terminal PE is connected.
Nota : pour les mesures dans les systèmes triphasés, cette impédance doit être mesurée entre chaque
4.5.4
MEASUREMENT RESULTS
After the measurement, the measured values and complementary results can be consulted using
(The quantities accessible before the measurement is made are described above, in § 4.1.4.)
Initial display
Initial display
R
LN
Z
LN
MORE
(1 st press)
L
LN
Z
LN
MORE
(2 nd press)
U
REF
I
KLN
MORE
(3 nd press)
Hz
U
LN
MORE
(4 nd press)
----
Z
L ALARM
MORE
(5 nd press)
R
U
L
(1 st press)
R
LN
Z
LN
L
Z
LN
LN
U
I
REF
KLN
Hz
U
LPE
Z
----
L ALARM
R
U
L
(2 nd press)
R
LN
Z
LN
L
Z
LN
LN
U
I
REF
KLN
Hz
U
NPE
Z
----
L ALARM
R
U
L
4.5.5
CHARACTERISTICS
4.5.5.1 Measurement ranges and accuracy
The particular reference conditions are the same as for 3-wire loop measurements (see § 4.3.5).
The characteristics are the same as for earth measurements in a live condition: see § 4.2.5.1.
4.5.5.2 Influencing quantites
Same as for earth measurements in a live condition: see § 4.2.5.2.
4.5.6
WARNINGS OR ERROR REPORTS
Same as for earth measurements in a live condition (see § 4.2.6) except as follows:
- the rod and the current probe are not taken into account,
- error management on U
LN
only,
- measurement between the TEST key and PE not taken into account.
36
4.6
CURRENT MEASUREMENT ( )
4.6.1
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTION
In the , position, the instrument measures the alternating current continuously, without the TEST key being pressed.
The instrument deduces the current flowing in the cable(s) clamped by the probe according to the transformation ratio of the probe.
4.6.2
PREPARATION OF THE MEASUREMENT (CONNECTION)
=> Connect the clamp to the measuring instrument (specific triple socket designed to avoid connection errors)
=> Set the switch to ,
=> Clamp the cable of which the current is to be measured.
=> If necessary, in the SET-UP mode, set alarm threshold I
ALARM
PUSH btn
2 nd
>
88.88
direction of alarm (> or<)
88.88
location of decimal point
88.88
setting of the values of each of the 4 digits, selected by successive presses on the keys
PUSH btn
=> If necessary, activate alarm threshold I
ALARM
by pressing the ALARM key.
4.6.3
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
The measurement is started automatically and is continuous.
4.6.4
MEASUREMENT RESULTS
The measured values and complementary calculated results are described in the table of § 4.1.4
(position of the switch).
37
4.6.5
CHARACTERISTICS
4.6.5.1 Measurement ranges and accuracy
Particular reference conditions :
- peak factor = 1.414,
- DC component < 0.1 %,
- operating frequency domain = 15.3 to 450 Hz.
Characteristics with an MN 20 current probe :
Display range 400 mA
Specified measurement domain 5.0 - 399.9 mA
4 A
0.400 - 3.999 A
Accuracy 2 % + 10 pt
Note : in measurement of I
SEL
, the accuracy is ancreassed by 5 %.
1.5 % + 2 pt
40 A
4.00 - 20.00 A
1.2 %+2 pt
Characteristics with an C172 current probe :
Display range 400 mA
Specified measurement domain 5.0 - 399.9 mA
Accuracy 2 % + 10 pt
4 A
0.400 - 3.999 A
1.5 % + 2 pt
40 A
4.00 - 20.00 A
1.2 %+2 pt
4.6.5.2 Influencing conditions
Influencing quantities
Température
Relative humidity
Power supply voltage
Frequency (without the current probe)
Common mode rejection in
AC 50/60Hz en DC
Limits of the domain of use
Variation of the measurement
Typical Maximum
-10 to + 55 °C
10 à 85 % HR at 45 °C
1 %/10 °C ± 1 pt 2 %/10 °C + 2 pt
2 % 3 % + 2 pt
6.8 to 10 V
15.3
to 450 Hz
0 to 500 V AC
1 % / V + 1 pt 2 %/ V + 2 pt
0.5 % 1 %
50 dB 40 dB
4.6.6
WARNINGS OR ERROR REPORTS ( )
Preliminary remark: The complete list of coded errors is given in § 7.
Display - Indication Remark - cause
Er18
Prob
The clamp is not connected: the measurement is impossi
Press the TEST key to exit from the error conditions.
38
I
H z
I
ALARM
I
KLN
; I
KLPE
; I
KNPE
I
SEL
L
E
L
LN
; L
LPE
; L
NPE
R
R
∆ E
R
∆ L
R
∆ N
R
∆ PE
R
E
R
A
R
A SEL
R
A ALARM
R
E ALARM
R
H
R
L ALARM
R
LN
; R
LPE
; R
NPE
R
P
R
S
U
F
U
HE
U
L
U
LN
U
LPE
U
NPE
U
P
U
REF
U
SE
Z
E
Z
LN
; Z
LPE
; Z
NPE
Z
L ALARM
5. GLOSSARY
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
: frequency of the signal current current threshold short-circuit current between terminals L and N, L and PE, N and PE current flowing in the current probe during a selective earth measurement in a live condition.
inductive part of Z
E inductive part of impedance Z
LN
, Z
LPE
, Z
NPE global compensation between 2 terminals (2P and ZLine) compensation of the cable in terminal E compensation of the cable in terminal L compensation of the cable in terminal N compensation of the cable in terminal PE global earthing resistance earth resistance in earth measurement on live circuit selective earth resistance earth resistance alarm threshold alarm threshold for earth resistance measurements resistance of the auxiliary earth electrode (resistance of an additional earth electrode, necessary for the measurements, through which the current flows : standard NF EN 61557) sloop resistance threshold real part of impedance Z
LN
, Z
LPE
, Z
NPE resistance of the auxiliary rod in a earth measurement in a live condition resistance of the auxiliary rod S (resistance of an additional earth electrode used as a probe, used to tap the potential during the measurements : standard NF EN 61557) fault voltage as per standard NF EN 61557 voltage between terminals H and E conventional limit contact voltage: 25 or 50 V, adjustable in the "SET-UP" mode
(see § 3.2) voltage between terminals L and N voltage between terminals L and PE voltage between terminals N and PE voltage between the voltage probe / auxiliary rod and PE reference voltage for calculation of the short-circuit current voltage between terminals S and E global earthing impedance impedance of the loop between L and N, between L and PE and between N and PE loop impedance threshold
39
6. MAINTENANCE
6.1
REPLACING THE BATTERIES
The remaining battery charge level is indicated by the symbol .
When the battery is flat (the symbol flashes), the instrument emits an audible stop signal (5 beeps), then automatically switches to standby. When the battery is low, display of the "BAtt" message indicates that the measurement requested requires too much energy and cannot be made.
Note: when rechargeable batteries are used, this fact must be entered in the configuration of the instrument
("SET-UP" mode) to prevent incorrect operation of the instrument (risk of erroneous measurements or malfunction of the instrument).
Check that none of the input terminals are connected and that the switch is set to OFF before opening the instrument.
When the batteries are removed, there is enough reserve energy to preserve the date and time for one minute. If this time is exceeded, the instrument, when next started up, prompts the user to check the date and time by displaying the flashing message "tIME" for 2 seconds before displaying new measurements.
6.2
STORAGE
If the instrument is to be stored for more than 2 months, remove the batteries. It will then be necessary to reset the instrument's time when it is next used.
6.3
CLEANING
Clean the housing of the instrument regularly. This can be done with a damp cloth or soapy water. Do not use alcohol, solvents, or hydrocarbons.
6.4
METROLOGICAL VERIFICATION
Like all measuring or testing devices, the instrument must checked regulary.
This instrument should be checked at least once a year. For checking and calibration, contact one of our accredited metrology laboratories (information and contact details available on request), at our Chauvin Arnoux subsidiary or the branch in your country.
6.5
WARRANTY
Unless otherwise stated, our warranty is valid for 12 months following the date on which the equipment is made available (extract from our General Conditions of Sale, available on request).
6.6
CUSTOMER SERVICE
For maintenance work, use only specified spare parts.
The manufacturer cannot be held liable for any accident that occurs following a repair done other than by its Customer Service Department or an approved repairer .
Repair under and out of warranty :
Send the instrument to one of the MANUMESURE regional agencies, approved by Chauvin Arnoux
Information and coordinates on request: Tel.: 02 31 64 51 43 - Fax: 02 31 64 51 09
Repair outside mainland France :
For any repair (under or out of warranty), send the instrument back to the dealer.
6.7
REPAIR
For all repairs before or after expiry of warranty, please return the device to your distributor.
40
7. LIST OF CODED ERRORS
Er10
Er18
Er 22
Er24
Error code
Er02
Er03
Er04
Er05
Er06
Er07
Er08
Meaning
Incorrect wiring or connection error: L and PE reversed
Incorrect wiring or connection error: L missing
U
F
voltage too high on earth electrode (danger): measurement STOPPED
The calculation (current measured by the probe) by (the measured voltage) is too low
The current measured by the probe is too unstable
Earth potential too high (potential danger): measurement STOPPED
Untimely interruption of the current during the measurement of Z too high
LN
or Z
LPE
(earth fault breaker tripped?) - Probable cause: reversal of conductors N and PE or the installation leakage current is
Voltage too high on the voltage probe (danger): measurement STOPPED
Current probe not connected
RH + RE or parasitic voltages are too high in 2P/3P measurement (the voltage exceeds the safety limit in terms of contact voltage).
Backup memory full (action: delete stored data)
8. TO ORDER
C.A 6456 earth and loop tester
Delivered in a carrying bag containing:
- 1 measuring cable for Euro mains socket,
- 1 measuring cable, 3 separate leads,
- 3 crocodile clips (red, yellow, and white),
- 3 contact pins (red, yellow, and white),
- 1 pouch with neck strap
- 1 optical communication cable
- data processing software program
- 6 LR6 batteries (1.5V)
- 1 user manual
P01123512
C.A 6456 + T P01123513
Same as above + a earth kit comprising two rods, three cables on reels, terminated by clips
(red, 30m; blue, 30m; green, 10m) and a mallet
ACCESSORIES
- C172 current probe
- MN20 current probe
- serial printer
- Earth kit
P01120310
P01120440
P01102903
P01101823
41
07 - 2013
Code 689909B02 - Ed. 2
DEUTSCHLAND - Chauvin-Arnoux GmbH
Straßburger Str. 34 - 77694 Kehl / Rhein
Tél : 7851 99 26-0 - Fax : 7851 99 26-60
ESPAÑA - Chauvin-Arnoux Ibérica S.A.
C/ Roger de Flor N°293 - Planta 1 - 08025 BARCELONA
Tél : 902 20 22 26 - Fax : 934 59 14 43
ÖSTERREICH - Chauvin-Arnoux Ges.m.b.H
Slamastrasse 29 / 2 / 4 - 1230 WIEN
Tél : 161 61 961 - Fax : 161 61 961 61
SWEDEN - Chauvin-Arnoux Mätsystem AB
Sjöflygvägen 35 - Box 4501 - 18304 TÄBY
Tél : 850 52 68 00 - Fax : 850 52 68 10
ITALIA - A.M.R.A. SPA
Via Sant’ Ambrogio, 23/25
20050 BAREGGIA DI MACHERIO (MI)
Tél : 039 245 75 45 - Fax : 039 481 561
SCHWEIZ - Chauvin-Arnoux AG
Moosacherstrasse 15 - 8804 AU / ZH
Tél : 44 727 75 55 - Fax : 44 727 75 56
LIBAN - Chauvin-Arnoux Middle East
P.O. BOX 60-154 - 1241 2020 JAL EL DIB
Tél : 18 90 425 - Fax : 18 90 424
CHINA Shanghai Pujiang Enerdis Inst. CO. LTD
3F 3Rd Buildind - N381 Xiang De Road - 200081 - SHANGHAI
Tél : 21 65 21 51 96 - Fax : 21 65 21 61 07
USA - Chauvin-Arnoux Inc - d.b.a AEMC Instruments
200 Foxborough Blvd. - Foxborough - MA 02035
Tél : (508) 698-2115 - Fax : (508) 698-2118
UNITED KINGDOM - Chauvin-Arnoux Ltd
Unit 1 Nelson Court - Flagship Square - Shaw Cross Business
Park - DEWSBURY - 99132 WEST YORSHIRE WF 127TH
Tél : 1 924 460 494 - Fax : 1 924 455 328
http://www.chauvin-arnoux.com
190, rue Championnet - 75876 PARIS Cedex 18 - FRANCE
Tél. +33 (0)1 44 85 44 85 - Fax +33 (0)1 46 27 73 89 - [email protected]
Export : Tél. +33 (0)1 44 85 44 38 - Fax +33 (0)1 46 27 95 59 - [email protected]
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