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i-ais-BS1
AIS Shore Station
Installation and User Manual
Rev 0.1
2013
i-ais-BS1 Installation & User Manual
IMPORTANT NOTICES
The operator of this equipment must read and follow the descriptions in this manual.
Wrong operation or maintenance can cancel the warranty or cause injury.
Do not copy any part of this manual without written permission from iDeal Teknoloji.
If this manual is lost or worn, contact your dealer about replacement.
The contents of this manual and equipment specifications can change without notice.
The example illustrations shown in this manual can be different from the screens you see on your display. The screens you see depend on your system configuration and equipment settings.
Save this manual for future reference.
Any modification of the equipment (including software) by persons not authorized by iDeal Teknoloji will cancel the warranty.
All brand and product names are trademarks, registered trademarks or service marks of their respective holders.
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
The operator and installer must read the applicable safety instructions before attempting to install or operate the equipment.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1. AIS System General Information
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a short range coastal tracking system used on ships and by
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) for identifying and locating vessels by electronically exchanging data with other nearby ships and VTS stations. More detailed, AIS is a broadcast system, operating in the VHF maritime mobile band that is capable of sending ship information such as identification, position, course, speed and more, to other ships and to shore. It can handle multiple reports at rapid update rates and uses high technology to meet these high broadcast rates and ensure reliable and robust shipto-ship operation.
It has long been realized that an automatic electronic reporting device fitted to a ship would be beneficial to the safety of navigation and the identification and monitoring of maritime traffic. Thus,
AIS uses the maritime mobile VHF band for the transmission and reception of its data signals.
AIS allows automatic exchange of shipboard information from the vessel’s sensors, including static and voyage related data between one vessel and another and between a vessel and a shore station(s).
Each AIS system consists of one VHF transmitter, two VHF TDMA receivers, one VHF DSC receiver, and a standard marine electronic communications link (IEC 61162/NMEA 0183) to shipboard display and sensor systems. Position and timing information is normally derived from an integral or external global navigation satellite system receiver, including a medium frequency differential GNSS receiver for precise position in coastal and inland waters. Other information broadcast by the AIS, if available, is electronically obtained from shipboard equipment through standard marine data connections.
Heading information and course and speed over ground would normally be provided by all AISequipped ships. Other information, such as rate of turn, angle of heel, pitch and roll, and destination could also be provided.
1.1. How does AIS Work?
Each station determines its own transmission schedule (slot), based upon data link traffic history and knowledge of future actions by other stations. A position report from one AIS station fits into one of
2250 time slots established every 60 seconds. AIS stations continuously synchronize themselves to each other, to avoid overlap of slot transmissions. Slot selection by an AIS station is randomized within a defined interval, and tagged with a random timeout of between 0 and 8 frames. When a station changes its slot assignment, it pre-announces both the new location and the timeout for that location.
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In these way new stations, including those stations which suddenly come within radio range close to other vessels will always be received by those vessels.
The required ship reporting capacity according to the IMO performance standard amounts to a minimum of 2000 time slots per minute, though the system provides 4500 time slots per minute. The
SOTDMA broadcast mode allows the system to be overloaded by 400 to 500% through sharing of slots, and still provide nearly 100% throughputs for ships closer than 8 to 10 NM to each other in a ship to ship mode. In the event of system overload, only targets further away will be subject to drop-out, in order to give preference to nearer targets that are a primary concern to ship operators. In practice, the capacity of the system is nearly unlimited, allowing for a great number of ships to be accommodated at the same time.
The system coverage range is similar to other VHF applications, essentially depending on the height of the antenna. Its propagation is slightly better than that of radar, due to the longer wavelength, so it's possible to "see" around bends and behind islands if the land masses are not too high. A typical value to be expected at sea is nominally 20 nautical miles. With the help of repeater stations, the coverage for both ship and VTS stations can be improved considerably.
The system is backwards compatible with digital selective calling systems, allowing shore-based
GMDSS systems to inexpensively establish AIS operating channels and identify and track AIS-equipped vessels, and is intended to fully replace existing DSC-based transponder systems.
1.2. AIS Classes
The standardization and development of the “AIS Class-B,” which is more adaptable to small vessels
(non-SOLAS vessels), is making progress by reducing the price of the AIS (AIS Class-A), which is the requirement of the Convention.
Class A: Ship borne mobile equipment intended for vessels meeting the requirements of IMO AIS carriage requirement.
Class B: Ship borne mobile equipment provides facilities not necessarily in full accord with IMO AIS carriage requirements.
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Below table, message contents of Class A and Class B are compared.
Identifier Information
CLASS A
Transmit Receive
X X MMSI # (Maritime Mobile Service Identity)
Navigation Status (ex 'At Anchor. "Under Way". "Not Under Way")
Rate of Turn - Right or Left
Speed over Ground - 1/10 Knot Resolution from 0 to 102 Knots
Position Accuracy - Differential.' GPS
Longitude
Course over Ground - Relative to True North
True Heading - 0 to 359 Degrees Derived from Gyro input
Time Stamp - The Universal Time to Nearest Second
IMO Number - Unique Reference able Identification
Radio Call Sign
Name of Ship
Type of Ship/Cargo
Location on Ship of Reference Point for Position
Type of Position Fixing Device
Draught of Ship - 1/10 Meter to 25 5 Meters
Destination
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Estimated Time of Arrival at Destination
X X
CLASSB
Transmit Receive
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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3. i-ais-BS1 General Information, Basic Parts and Configuration
3.1. General Information i-ais-BS1 is an AIS station designed for limited scale AIS management and monitoring functions to be performed with a shore installation. It consists of an AIS Transponder for standard AIS functions and a
Communication Gateway to be able to communicate with an operation center over IP connectivity.
Some of the main features of i-ais-BS1 AIS Shore Station are as follows:
- Remote Management and Monitoring of AIS Network
- Text Messaging with Ships
- Encrypted Binary Messaging
- High sensitivity AIS receiver
- Full band operation
3.2. i-ais-BS1 Electronic Interface
The definition of connectors for i-ais-BS1 is given below.
The front panel connectors:
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The back panel connectors:
i-ais-BS1 Installation & User Manual
3.3. i-ais-BS1 Connectors
The front panel view of i-ais-BS1 connectors is as follows:
- PROG (Serial Communication Port for Service)
- ETH (Ethernet Port for Main Interface over Communication Gateway)
- NMEA-1, 2 (NMEA Output of AIS Station over RS-232)
- D-IN (Digital Input)
- AUX (Auxiliary RS-232 Interface)
The back panel view of i-ais-BS1 connectors is as follows:
- POWER
- GSM Antenna
- VHF Antenna
- GPS Antenna
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i-ais-BS1
3.4. Basic Configuration
The basic configuration of i-ais-BS1 is as follows.
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3.5. Mechanical Drawing of i-ais-BS1
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4. Installation Guidelines
i-ais-BS1 Installation & User Manual
4.1. i-ais-BS1 Installation Procedure i-ais-BS1 AIS Shore Station has a standard 19” 3U form factor for rack installation. i-ais-BS1 should be installed and operated in a “Protected” environment as defined in IEC 60945
Section 4.4.
REMARK: For a proper operation, i-ais-BS1 should be installed with a VHF antenna which has a VSWR value of 1.5:1 or better, with connecting RF cable.
4.2. Antenna Installation Precautions
The antenna should be well removed from any major protrusions, such as light house rotating beacon engine and antenna/conductor masts. It should also be as far as practical from gear doors, access doors or other openings that could affect its radiation pattern.
If the antenna is being installed on a light house, ground planes must be added. Conductive wire mesh, radials or thin aluminum sheets embedded in the composite material provide the proper ground plane allowing the antenna pattern (gain) to be maximized for optimum station performance.
The GPS antenna used must be of the active type and must be suitable for marine applications (index of protection, ruggedness, means of mounting, etc.). An antenna should be selected with a gain (in dB) depending on the length of cable between the antenna and the station; after subtraction of cable and connector losses a minimum total gain of 15 dB should be available at the station GPS antenna connector.
The GPS antenna used must be a dedicated antenna, i.e. not shared with any other GPS receiver.
Installation of the GPS antenna is critical for the performance of the built in GPS receiver which is used for timing of the transmitted time slots.
The GPS antenna should be mounted in an elevated position and free of shadow effect from any structure and should have a free view through 360 degrees with a vertical angle of 5 to 90 degrees above the horizon.
As the received GPS signal is very sensitive to noise and interference generated by other onboard transmitters, ensure that antenna is placed as far away as possible from RACON/radar transmitters and ensure the GPS antenna is free from direct view of the RACON/radar antenna beam. It is also important that the MF/HF and other VHF transmitter antennas are kept as far away as possible from the antenna.
The VHF antenna should be a dedicated antenna, i.e. not shared with any other VHF transmitter/receiver.
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The VHF antenna should be mounted with at least a two meter vertical separation distance from any other VHF antenna used for speech or DCS communication, at least 2-3 meters above sea level for full performance.
Connecting a badly mismatched VHF antenna, leaving the VHF antenna port disconnected, or shorting the VHF antenna port will activate the VSWR alarm, cause the unit to stop sending position reports or cause damage to the station.
To meet the requirements for Radio Frequency Exposure it is necessary to install the VHF antenna correctly and operate i-ais-BS1 equipment according to the instructions. The table below shows suitable safety distances to other equipment that could cause interference with the station.
Object Safety distance:
Radar antenna, X-band 1, 5 m (5 ft)
High efficiency engine
HF or VHF antennas
AC power cables with high currency
1 m (3 ft)
3 m (10 ft)
1 m (3 ft)
4.3. Cabling
The RF coaxial cables should be kept as short as possible to minimize attenuation of the signal. Double shielded coaxial cables equal to or better than LMR200/LMR240 (for GPS) and LMR400 (for VHF) are recommended.
All outdoor connectors on the coaxial cables should be fitted with preventive isolation, such as shrinkstocking with silicone to protect the antenna cable against water penetration. Coaxial cables should be installed in separate signal cable channels/tubes, and at least 10 cm away from any power supply cables. Crossing of cables should take place at right angles (90°).
Coaxial cables should not be exposed to sharp bends, which may lead to changes to the characteristic impedance of the cable. The minimum bend radius should be 5 times the cables outside diameter.
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5. Specifications
GENERAL
Operating Temperature Range
Storage Temperature Range
Humidity
Power Supply Voltage
Supply Current
Size
Weight
Connectors
i-ais-BS1 Installation & User Manual
-15ºC to +55º C
-30ºC to +70º C
Up to 93% at 40ºC non-condensing
12V – 24V DC (max 10V – 30V DC)
400mA (average at 12V)
482.6mm x 206mm x 132.55mm
3.5kg
VHF Antenna: N Female
GPS Antenna: TNC Female
GSM Antenna: RP TNC Female
ETH: RJ-45
Power, Prog, NMEA-1, NMEA-2, D-IN, Aux: Circular Plastic
Connectors
AIS
Operating Frequency Range
Channel Spacing
Transmitter Output Power
Modulation
# of Receivers
Receiver Sensitivity
Co-Channel Rejection
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
Spurious Response Rejection
Intermodulation Response
Rejection
Blocking or Desensitization
Spurious Radiation (conducted)
STANDARDS
156.025 – 162.025 MHz
25 kHz
12.5W (41dBm) nominal
2W (33dBm) low power mode
GMSK
2 (simultaneous operation)
Better than -107dBm
Better than 10 dB
> 70 dB
> 70 dB
> 65 dB
> 86 dB
< -57 dBm
AIS
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IEC 62320-2, Maritime navigation and
radiocommunication equipment and systems – Automatic identification system (AIS) – Part 2: AIS AtoN Stations –
Operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results
ITU-R M.1371-4, Technical Characteristics for an
Automatic Identification System Using Time Division
Multiple Access in the VHF Maritime Mobile Band
IMO Res. MSC.74(69), Annex 3, Recommendations on
Performance Standards for a Universal Shipborne
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
IALA Rec. A-126, The Use of the Automatic Identification
System (AIS) in Marine Aids to Navigation Services
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i-ais-BS1 Installation & User Manual
EMC
Environment (Including vibration)
Safety
ETSI EN 301 843-1, Electromagnetic compatibility and
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC)standard for marine radio equipment
and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements
IEC 60945, Maritime navigation and radio communication
equipment and systems – General requirements –
Methods of testing and required test results
IEC 60950-1,
Information Technology Equipment – Safety
– Part 1: General Requirements
APPROVALS
CE Type Approval per R&TTE Directive-99/5/EC
BSH, Statement of Conformity per IEC62320-2 & ITU-R M.1371-4
GPS RECEIVER
# of Channels
Time to First Fix
Receiver Sensitivity
50
29s Cold Start
29s Warm Start
<1s Hot Start
-160 dBm Tracking
-160 dBm Reacquisition
-144 dBm Cold Start
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6. Warranty Information
All iDeal products are warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. Within this period, iDeal Technologies, Inc. will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unauthorized alterations or repairs.
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7. Contact Information
iDeal Teknoloji Bilişim Çözümleri A.Ş.
Address:
e-mail:
Tel:
Göztepe Mah. Göksu Evleri Sitesi
Menekşe sk. B237b Anadolu Hisarı
34815 Beykoz / İstanbul [email protected]
+90 216 680 07 07
Faks:
Web:
+90 216 680 07 04
http://www.idealteknoloji.com
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