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MIBs and the Application View Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to the Application View and MIBs Accessing the Application View ......................................................................................... 1-1 Device Icon.................................................................................................................... 1-2 Application Icon ........................................................................................................... 1-3 Icon and List Mode Selection ................................................................................ 1-3 Special Application View Options ............................................................................... 1-7 Application View Banner ............................................................................................. 1-7 Modeling in SPECTRUM ................................................................................................... 1-7 Major Software Application Models ............................................................................ 1-7 Minor Software Application Models ............................................................................ 1-8 Primary Application Concept............................................................................................. 1-8 Other SPECTRUM Views .................................................................................................. 1-9 Configuration View ...................................................................................................... 1-9 Performance View ........................................................................................................ 1-9 Multi-Attribute Line Graph (MALG) ................................................................. 1-10 Detail Views................................................................................................................ 1-10 Alarm and Find View ................................................................................................. 1-11 Management Information Bases (MIBs) ......................................................................... 1-12 MIB-I and MIB-II....................................................................................................... 1-12 9032560 E1 i MIBs and the Application View ii Chapter 1 Introduction to the Application View and MIBs This chapter provides an introduction to SPECTRUM’s Application View and defines MIB functions in network management. The Application View allows you to view information on any application supported by the device. Each application appears as an icon in the Application View; application-specific menu choices are available from the application icon menu. Each management module supports specific devices managed through the SNMP basic network management agent. SPECTRUM bases its management of these devices on Management Information Bases (MIBs), which are described in this section. Accessing the Application View Each application supported by the device being modeled appears in the Application View as an application-specific icon. You can access the Application View from any model icon by highlighting and selecting Application from the Icon Subviews menu or by double-clicking on the bottom text label of the device icon. Accessing the Application view Icon from the Device Icon is described below. 9032560 E1 1-1 Accessing the Application View Device Icon Device Icon Figure 1-1 provides an example of a Device Icon. Figure 1-1. Device Icon Application View Label Click on the bottom most label to access the Application View, which displays several Application View icons. Each Application Icon represents one device-supported application and is labeled with the associated model type. Each specific application provides a list of the applications and corresponding model type names. The Application View can be used to access a subset of the following views: • Configuration (described in each SPECTRUM device-specific management module guides) • Performance (described in How to Manage Your Network with SPECTRUM) • Application • Detail (in some applications) • Attribute Walk • Model Information The Application Icon is described in the next section. Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-2 MIBs and the Application View Accessing the Application View Application Icon Application Icon Figure 1-2 provides a detailed illustration of an Application Icon. Figure 1-2. Application Icon (a) MIB-II (b) SNMP2_Agent SNMP2_Agent (c) a. Model Information View Label b. Attribute Walk View/Condition Status Label c. Application-Specific View Label Icon and List Mode Selection Some management modules allow you to toggle between Icon Mode and List Mode for displaying applications. Additionally, the Use Default option, when in Edit mode, instructs SPECTRUM to use the default view mode as configured in the app-defaults/spectrum file. When the Application View is initially opened, SPECTRUM sets the default to Icon Mode, which displays each application as an icon. List Mode displays the applications in a hierarchical tree structure and allows you to select the level of detail by hiding or exploding branches of the tree. To toggle the Application View from Icon Mode to List Mode, follow these steps: 1. Select Mode... from the View menu. 2. Select List... from the Mode menu. The mode currently in use (Icon...) will appear grayed out on the menu. Initially, List Mode displays the entire application tree structure in exploded format. Major applications (e.g., MIB-II) appear as text in the top level of the tree structure. Single-clicking on any button using the left mouse button closes that branch of the List Mode tree structure. This feature allows you to simplify the tree structure such that specific sub-applications are hidden, or to explode previously hidden branches. The color of the buttons indicates the condition status of each application. 9032560 E1 Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-3 Accessing the Application View Application Icon To toggle the Application View from List Mode to Icon Mode, follow these steps: 1. Select Mode... from the View menu. 2. Select Icon... from the Mode menu. The mode currently in use (List...) will appear grayed out on the menu. Figure 1-3 provides an overview of how to toggle between List Mode and Icon Mode from the View menu. Figure 1-3. Changing Application View Mode View 1. Select Mode from the View menu. Go Back Ctrll+b Go Up Icon Subviews New View Bookmarks View History Current View Info... Notes... Jump by name... Map Hierarchy Zoom Mode 2. Select List or Icon from the Mode menu. The Application View mode currently in use will appear grayed out. Icon List Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-4 MIBs and the Application View Accessing the Application View Application Icon Figure 1-4 provides an example of an Application View in Icon Mode. Figure 1-4. Application View (Icon Mode) Primary Landscape 0x00400000 - VNM Host - EMME of type EMME * File View Help? Net Addr Model Name Sys Up Time Contact Manufacturer Description Device Type Location Prime-App CtRouter Bridging CtRouterApp CSIBridge Serial Number Network A Network A CSIRptr CSIRptr MIB-II SNMP2_Agent Enet SDB SNMP2_Agent ICMP ICMP_App CT_BdgEnet_App Spanning Tree ICMP_App IP IP2_App CT_Stp_App Static IP2_App System System2_App Static_App Transparent System2_App UDP UDP2_App Transparent_App 9032560 E1 UDP2_App Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-5 Accessing the Application View Application Icon Figure 1-5 provides an example of an Application View in List Mode. Figure 1-5. Application View (List Mode) Navigate Utilities Notes... Events Alarms Configuration Performance Model Information To access the Icon Subviews menu, highlight the text and select Icon Subviews from the View menu or click on the text with the middle mouse button. (device name) CSIEMME CtRouter To explode or collapse each menu, click on the List View entry box with the left mouse button. Bridging Enet SDB Spanning Tree Static Transparent Network B MIB-II ICMP IP System UDP DLM Download App Stand Alone 4 Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-6 MIBs and the Application View Modeling in SPECTRUM Special Application View Options Special Application View Options Two special options are available for the Application View through the Edit menu. These menu-choice options interact with the device modeled, and are as follows: Poll Time Displays the time, in seconds, the SpectroSERVER reads all the attributes of the device that are marked as POLLED. You may change this attribute value in this view. Reconfigure This option polls the device to discover the applications supported by the firmware and reconfigures the Application View accordingly. You can use this option to recover destroyed application icons. Application View Banner The top portion of the Application View displays a condition status banner (Application View Banner), which displays the condition status color for the device. Modeling in SPECTRUM Major and minor software application models are created when a device is modeled in SPECTRUM. These are discussed below. Major Software Application Models SPECTRUM automatically creates models for each of a device’s major applications. Icons are available for every firmware supported application. Information presented in the major application model is a summary of the minor software applications associated with it. The major application models are associated with the device model through the “Manages” relation. An example of a major application model is MIB-II (SNMP2_Agent). 9032560 E1 Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-7 Primary Application Concept Minor Software Application Models The following major application models are available if you have purchased the associated services: • Routing Services (CtRouter) • DLM (DLM_Agent) • Standard RMON (RMON App) Minor Software Application Models Models are created automatically for each device’s minor applications. An example of a minor bridging application model is Spanning Tree (CT_Stp_App). An example of a minor MIB-II application model is IP (IP2_App). The minor application models are associated to the major software application models through the “Provides” relation. Primary Application Concept SPECTRUM Management Modules use the Primary Application Concept, allowing a model to support multiple applications. This concept allows you to select any application as your primary application. The information presented in the device’s Performance View (see below) reflects the primary application selected. You select your primary application through a Primary Application menu choice or button in the device Icon Subviews menu, the Application View, or any additional generic view supported by the device model. The primary application is on a per user/per model basis. For example, user 1 may select Bridging as the primary application for device model X, and user 2 may select MIB-II as the primary application for device model X without any conflict to either user. Once selected, a primary application is remembered by SPECTRUM and remains in effect until changed. For example, if a device is serving as a bridge, the default primary application is “Bridging.” Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-8 MIBs and the Application View Other SPECTRUM Views Other SPECTRUM Views Other generic SPECTRUM views available from the various applicationspecific Icon Subviews menus are detailed below. Configuration View The Configuration View provides device and network configuration information, and network traffic flow and error rates. Each device-specific Configuration View and its fields are described in the device’s management module guide. Performance View The Performance View for each specific application displays a breakdown of statistics for the application. Figure 1-6 provides a typical Performance View description, as taken from the MIB_II SNMP Application. You can access the application-specific Performance View by highlighting the application icon and clicking on Performance from the Icon Subviews menu, or from the highlighted icon itself. 9032560 E1 Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-9 Other SPECTRUM Views Detail Views Figure 1-6. Typical Performance View Primary Landscape 0x00400000 - VNM Host - IP of type IP2_App * File Model Name View Net Addr IP 132.177.118.24 Contact Description Cabletron BRIDGE 9A128-01 F/W Rev 01.13.02 Prime-App Gen Bridge Location Log Tue Sep 3 11:54:09:14 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MALG 0:20:0 0:15:0 Help? Performance View 0:10:0 Sys Up Time 0+00:00:00 Manufacturer Cabletron Device Type Cabletron BG Serial Number Average NOW %Delivered 0 0.00 Peak Value 0 at Feb 1 13:36:21 Feb 1 13:36:21 %Forwarded 0 0.00 0 at %Transmitted 0 0.00 0 at Feb 1 13:36:21 %Error 0 0.00 0 at Feb 1 13:36:21 %Discarded 0 0.00 0 at Feb 1 13:26:21 0:05:0 Graph Properties Scroll To Date-Time Detail Multi-Attribute Line Graph (MALG) The Multi-Attribute Line Graph provides a general indication of device activity. The attributes displayed are the same as those on the right of the view and represent different statistics. Buttons allow you to modify the statistical presentation of the Multi-Attribute Line Graph. Refer to the Performance View section in How to Manage Your Network with SPECTRUM for more information on how to use the Multi-Attribute Line Graph. Detail Views Some SPECTRUM applications provide detail views for viewing performance statistics. Access to these detail views is described in the applicable chapters within this document. Detail view statistics, including pie charts, buttons (Total, Delta, Accum, and Clear) are described in the Performance View section of the How to Model your Network Reference. Figure 1-7 shows a typical Detail View. Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-10 MIBs and the Application View Other SPECTRUM Views Alarm and Find View Figure 1-7. Typical Detail View Primary Landscape 0x00400000 - VNM Host - MMAC Plus of type MMAC Plus * File View Model Name Net Addr MIB-II 134.131.46.16 Contact Cabletron EMM-E6 Revision 3.01.03 Description Help? SNMP Agent Detail View Prime-App Location Packet Breakdown IP Routing Sys Up Time 3+02:21:03 Manufacturer Cabletron Device Type EMM-E6 Serial Number Errors In Breakdown Errors Out Breakdown Received 0 0.00% ASN Parse Errs 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Transmitted 0 0.00% Too Big 0 0.00% No Such Name 0 0.00% No Such Name 0 0.00% Bad Values 0 0.00% Bad Values 0 0.00% Gen Errs 0 0.00% Gen Errs 0 0.00% Total 0 0.00% Discarded 0 0.00% Total 0 Errors Total Total Delta Accum Clear Total Delta Too Big 0 Accum Clear Total Delta Auth Traps Disabled Accum Clear More Alarm and Find View The icons used in the Alarm View and Find View to represent the Bridging, Repeater, and FDDI applications provide the same functions and visual status presentations as the CSIBridge, CSIRptr, and FddiSMT Icons, with a few exceptions. The SPECTRUM Operator’s Reference provides a list of Alarm and Find View Icon menu selections. 9032560 E1 Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-11 Management Information Bases (MIBs) Management Information Bases (MIBs) MIBs, or management information bases, store information that define all objects that can be managed in a network. MIBs address the need for a standard network management platform. Portions of some MIBs, like MIB II, are distributed among the devices in a network - such as end systems, terminal servers and routers - that need to be managed. RFC, or Requests for Comments, MIBs are written by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) and are available for public use. Other MIBs have been developed by specific organizations for private use (i.e., Ct_Trans_App is a Cabletron-specific MIB). A MIB is analogous to an information warehouse, with specific floors, aisles and racks stocked with inventory. Each MIB implements an inventory control scheme, set up according to Structure of Management Information or SMI definitions. SMI, also defines the rules for identifying managed objects. Each managed object is assigned an object identifier or OID, which uniquely identifies the object. Network managers must understand the concepts of SMI and learn to apply them to the available MIBs. Managed objects are grouped according to the layering structure of the specific type of network being managed. In an OSI network, for example, objects are organized according to the seven-layer OSI model. In a TCP/IP network, objects are organized by that layering structure of the TCP/IP architecture. MIB-I and MIB-II Managed objects are arranged into groups to logically organize the use of the object identifiers and tree structure, and to simplify the SNMP agent design structure through the implementation of all objects within the group. Protocol mechanisms that communicate management information via MIBs include the following MIB-1 groups: • • • • • Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) System These protocols and their associated RFCs, documents that give the technical description of the internet suite of protocols, are outlined in the following chapters. MIB-II adds new objects to each group, and is backward-compatible with MIB-1. Introduction to the Application View and MIBs 1-12 MIBs and the Application View