MIBs and the Application View (9032560)

®
MIBs and the Application
View
Notice
Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information
contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron
Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made.
The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.
IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL,
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
Copyright © April 1998, by Cabletron Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Order Number: 9032560 E1
Cabletron Systems, Inc.
P.O. Box 5005
Rochester, NH 03866-5005
SPECTRUM, the SPECTRUM IMT/VNM logo, DCM, IMT, and VNM are registered
trademarks, and SpectroGRAPH, SpectroSERVER, Inductive Modeling Technology,
Device Communications Manager, and Virtual Network Machine are trademarks of
Cabletron Systems, Inc.
Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc.
C++ is a trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph, Inc.
UNIX, OSF/1 and Motif are registered trademarks of The Open Group.
X Window System is a trademark of the X Consortium.
Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation.
9032560 E1
Virus Disclaimer
Cabletron Systems makes no representations or warranties to the effect that the Licensed
Software is virus-free.
Cabletron has tested its software with current virus checking technologies. However, because no
anti-virus system is 100% reliable, we strongly caution you to write protect and then verify that
the Licensed Software, prior to installing it, is virus-free with an anti-virus system in which you
have confidence.
Restricted Rights Notice
(Applicable to licenses to the United States Government only.)
1. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in
subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at
DFARS 252.227-7013.
Cabletron Systems, Inc., 35 Industrial Way, Rochester, New Hampshire 03866-5005.
2. (a) This computer software is submitted with restricted rights. It may not be used,
reproduced, or disclosed by the Government except as provided in paragraph (b) of this
Notice or as otherwise expressly stated in the contract.
(b) This computer software may be:
(c)
(1)
Used or copied for use in or with the computer or computers for which it was
acquired, including use at any Government installation to which such computer or
computers may be transferred;
(2)
Used or copied for use in a backup computer if any computer for which it was
acquired is inoperative;
(3)
Reproduced for safekeeping (archives) or backup purposes;
(4)
Modified, adapted, or combined with other computer software, provided that the
modified, combined, or adapted portions of the derivative software incorporating
restricted computer software are made subject to the same restricted rights;
(5)
Disclosed to and reproduced for use by support service contractors in accordance with
subparagraphs (b) (1) through (4) of this clause, provided the Government makes
such disclosure or reproduction subject to these restricted rights; and
(6)
Used or copied for use in or transferred to a replacement computer.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if this computer software is published copyrighted
computer software, it is licensed to the Government, without disclosure prohibitions, with
the minimum rights set forth in paragraph (b) of this clause.
(d) Any other rights or limitations regarding the use, duplication, or disclosure of this
computer software are to be expressly stated in, or incorporated in, the contract.
(e)
This Notice shall be marked on any reproduction of this computer software, in whole or in part.
MIBs and the
Application View
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Application View and
MIBs
Accessing the Application View ......................................................................................... 1-1
Device Icon.................................................................................................................... 1-2
Application Icon ........................................................................................................... 1-3
Icon and List Mode Selection ................................................................................ 1-3
Special Application View Options ............................................................................... 1-7
Application View Banner ............................................................................................. 1-7
Modeling in SPECTRUM ................................................................................................... 1-7
Major Software Application Models ............................................................................ 1-7
Minor Software Application Models ............................................................................ 1-8
Primary Application Concept............................................................................................. 1-8
Other SPECTRUM Views .................................................................................................. 1-9
Configuration View ...................................................................................................... 1-9
Performance View ........................................................................................................ 1-9
Multi-Attribute Line Graph (MALG) ................................................................. 1-10
Detail Views................................................................................................................ 1-10
Alarm and Find View ................................................................................................. 1-11
Management Information Bases (MIBs) ......................................................................... 1-12
MIB-I and MIB-II....................................................................................................... 1-12
9032560 E1
i
MIBs and the Application View
ii
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Application
View and MIBs
This chapter provides an introduction to SPECTRUM’s Application View and defines MIB
functions in network management.
The Application View allows you to view information on any application supported by the device.
Each application appears as an icon in the Application View; application-specific menu choices are
available from the application icon menu.
Each management module supports specific devices managed through the SNMP basic network
management agent. SPECTRUM bases its management of these devices on Management
Information Bases (MIBs), which are described in this section.
Accessing the Application View
Each application supported by the device being modeled appears in the
Application View as an application-specific icon.
You can access the Application View from any model icon by highlighting and
selecting Application from the Icon Subviews menu or by double-clicking on
the bottom text label of the device icon.
Accessing the Application view Icon from the Device Icon is described below.
9032560 E1
1-1
Accessing the Application View
Device Icon
Device Icon
Figure 1-1 provides an example of a Device Icon.
Figure 1-1.
Device Icon
Application View Label
Click on the bottom most label to access the Application View, which displays
several Application View icons.
Each Application Icon represents one device-supported application and is
labeled with the associated model type. Each specific application provides a
list of the applications and corresponding model type names. The Application
View can be used to access a subset of the following views:
• Configuration (described in each SPECTRUM device-specific management
module guides)
• Performance (described in How to Manage Your Network with
SPECTRUM)
• Application
• Detail (in some applications)
• Attribute Walk
• Model Information
The Application Icon is described in the next section.
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-2
MIBs and the Application View
Accessing the Application View
Application Icon
Application Icon
Figure 1-2 provides a detailed illustration of an Application Icon.
Figure 1-2.
Application Icon
(a)
MIB-II
(b)
SNMP2_Agent
SNMP2_Agent
(c)
a. Model Information View Label
b. Attribute Walk View/Condition Status Label
c. Application-Specific View Label
Icon and List Mode Selection
Some management modules allow you to toggle between Icon Mode and List
Mode for displaying applications. Additionally, the Use Default option, when
in Edit mode, instructs SPECTRUM to use the default view mode as
configured in the app-defaults/spectrum file.
When the Application View is initially opened, SPECTRUM sets the default to
Icon Mode, which displays each application as an icon. List Mode displays the
applications in a hierarchical tree structure and allows you to select the level
of detail by hiding or exploding branches of the tree.
To toggle the Application View from Icon Mode to List Mode, follow these
steps:
1. Select Mode... from the View menu.
2. Select List... from the Mode menu. The mode currently in use (Icon...) will
appear grayed out on the menu. Initially, List Mode displays the entire
application tree structure in exploded format. Major applications (e.g.,
MIB-II) appear as text in the top level of the tree structure. Single-clicking
on any button using the left mouse button closes that branch of the List
Mode tree structure. This feature allows you to simplify the tree structure
such that specific sub-applications are hidden, or to explode previously
hidden branches. The color of the buttons indicates the condition status of
each application.
9032560 E1
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-3
Accessing the Application View
Application Icon
To toggle the Application View from List Mode to Icon Mode, follow these
steps:
1. Select Mode... from the View menu.
2. Select Icon... from the Mode menu. The mode currently in use (List...) will
appear grayed out on the menu.
Figure 1-3 provides an overview of how to toggle between List Mode and Icon
Mode from the View menu.
Figure 1-3.
Changing Application View Mode
View
1. Select Mode from the View menu.
Go Back
Ctrll+b
Go Up
Icon Subviews
New View
Bookmarks
View History
Current View Info...
Notes...
Jump by name...
Map Hierarchy
Zoom
Mode
2. Select List or Icon from the Mode
menu. The Application View mode
currently in use will appear grayed
out.
Icon
List
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-4
MIBs and the Application View
Accessing the Application View
Application Icon
Figure 1-4 provides an example of an Application View in Icon Mode.
Figure 1-4.
Application View (Icon Mode)
Primary Landscape 0x00400000 - VNM Host - EMME of type EMME
*
File
View
Help?
Net Addr
Model Name
Sys Up Time
Contact
Manufacturer
Description
Device Type
Location
Prime-App
CtRouter
Bridging
CtRouterApp
CSIBridge
Serial Number
Network A
Network A
CSIRptr
CSIRptr
MIB-II
SNMP2_Agent
Enet SDB
SNMP2_Agent
ICMP
ICMP_App
CT_BdgEnet_App
Spanning Tree
ICMP_App
IP
IP2_App
CT_Stp_App
Static
IP2_App
System
System2_App
Static_App
Transparent
System2_App
UDP
UDP2_App
Transparent_App
9032560 E1
UDP2_App
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-5
Accessing the Application View
Application Icon
Figure 1-5 provides an example of an Application View in List Mode.
Figure 1-5.
Application View (List Mode)
Navigate
Utilities
Notes...
Events
Alarms
Configuration
Performance
Model Information
To access the Icon Subviews menu,
highlight the text and select Icon
Subviews from the View menu or
click on the text with the middle
mouse button.
(device name)
CSIEMME
CtRouter
To explode or collapse
each menu, click on
the List View entry
box with the left
mouse button.
Bridging
Enet SDB
Spanning Tree
Static
Transparent
Network B
MIB-II
ICMP
IP
System
UDP
DLM
Download App
Stand Alone 4
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-6
MIBs and the Application View
Modeling in SPECTRUM
Special Application View Options
Special Application View Options
Two special options are available for the Application View through the Edit
menu. These menu-choice options interact with the device modeled, and are as
follows:
Poll Time
Displays the time, in seconds, the SpectroSERVER reads all the attributes of
the device that are marked as POLLED. You may change this attribute value
in this view.
Reconfigure
This option polls the device to discover the applications supported by the
firmware and reconfigures the Application View accordingly. You can use this
option to recover destroyed application icons.
Application View Banner
The top portion of the Application View displays a condition status banner
(Application View Banner), which displays the condition status color for the
device.
Modeling in SPECTRUM
Major and minor software application models are created when a device is
modeled in SPECTRUM. These are discussed below.
Major Software Application Models
SPECTRUM automatically creates models for each of a device’s major
applications. Icons are available for every firmware supported application.
Information presented in the major application model is a summary of the
minor software applications associated with it. The major application models
are associated with the device model through the “Manages” relation. An
example of a major application model is MIB-II (SNMP2_Agent).
9032560 E1
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-7
Primary Application Concept
Minor Software Application Models
The following major application models are available if you have purchased
the associated services:
• Routing Services (CtRouter)
• DLM (DLM_Agent)
• Standard RMON (RMON App)
Minor Software Application Models
Models are created automatically for each device’s minor applications. An
example of a minor bridging application model is Spanning Tree
(CT_Stp_App). An example of a minor MIB-II application model is IP
(IP2_App). The minor application models are associated to the major software
application models through the “Provides” relation.
Primary Application Concept
SPECTRUM Management Modules use the Primary Application Concept,
allowing a model to support multiple applications. This concept allows you to
select any application as your primary application. The information presented
in the device’s Performance View (see below) reflects the primary application
selected. You select your primary application through a Primary Application
menu choice or button in the device Icon Subviews menu, the Application
View, or any additional generic view supported by the device model.
The primary application is on a per user/per model basis. For example, user 1
may select Bridging as the primary application for device model X, and user 2
may select MIB-II as the primary application for device model X without any
conflict to either user. Once selected, a primary application is remembered by
SPECTRUM and remains in effect until changed. For example, if a device is
serving as a bridge, the default primary application is “Bridging.”
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-8
MIBs and the Application View
Other SPECTRUM Views
Other SPECTRUM Views
Other generic SPECTRUM views available from the various applicationspecific Icon Subviews menus are detailed below.
Configuration View
The Configuration View provides device and network configuration
information, and network traffic flow and error rates. Each device-specific
Configuration View and its fields are described in the device’s management
module guide.
Performance View
The Performance View for each specific application displays a breakdown of
statistics for the application. Figure 1-6 provides a typical Performance View
description, as taken from the MIB_II SNMP Application. You can access the
application-specific Performance View by highlighting the application icon and
clicking on Performance from the Icon Subviews menu, or from the
highlighted icon itself.
9032560 E1
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-9
Other SPECTRUM Views
Detail Views
Figure 1-6.
Typical Performance View
Primary Landscape 0x00400000 - VNM Host - IP of type IP2_App
*
File
Model Name
View
Net Addr
IP
132.177.118.24
Contact
Description
Cabletron BRIDGE 9A128-01 F/W Rev 01.13.02
Prime-App Gen Bridge
Location
Log
Tue Sep 3 11:54:09:14
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MALG
0:20:0
0:15:0
Help?
Performance View
0:10:0
Sys Up Time
0+00:00:00
Manufacturer
Cabletron
Device Type
Cabletron BG
Serial Number
Average
NOW
%Delivered
0
0.00
Peak Value
0
at
Feb 1 13:36:21
Feb 1 13:36:21
%Forwarded
0
0.00
0
at
%Transmitted
0
0.00
0
at
Feb 1 13:36:21
%Error
0
0.00
0
at
Feb 1 13:36:21
%Discarded
0
0.00
0
at
Feb 1 13:26:21
0:05:0
Graph Properties
Scroll To Date-Time
Detail
Multi-Attribute Line Graph (MALG)
The Multi-Attribute Line Graph provides a general indication of device
activity. The attributes displayed are the same as those on the right of the
view and represent different statistics. Buttons allow you to modify the
statistical presentation of the Multi-Attribute Line Graph. Refer to the
Performance View section in How to Manage Your Network with
SPECTRUM for more information on how to use the Multi-Attribute Line
Graph.
Detail Views
Some SPECTRUM applications provide detail views for viewing performance
statistics. Access to these detail views is described in the applicable chapters
within this document. Detail view statistics, including pie charts, buttons
(Total, Delta, Accum, and Clear) are described in the Performance View
section of the How to Model your Network Reference. Figure 1-7 shows a
typical Detail View.
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-10
MIBs and the Application View
Other SPECTRUM Views
Alarm and Find View
Figure 1-7.
Typical Detail View
Primary Landscape 0x00400000 - VNM Host - MMAC Plus of type MMAC Plus
*
File
View
Model Name
Net Addr
MIB-II
134.131.46.16
Contact
Cabletron EMM-E6 Revision 3.01.03
Description
Help?
SNMP Agent Detail View
Prime-App
Location
Packet Breakdown
IP Routing
Sys Up Time
3+02:21:03
Manufacturer
Cabletron
Device Type
EMM-E6
Serial Number
Errors In Breakdown
Errors Out Breakdown
Received
0
0.00%
ASN Parse Errs
0
0.00%
0
0.00%
Transmitted
0
0.00%
Too Big
0
0.00%
No Such Name
0
0.00%
No Such Name
0
0.00%
Bad Values
0
0.00%
Bad Values
0
0.00%
Gen Errs
0
0.00%
Gen Errs
0
0.00%
Total
0
0.00%
Discarded
0
0.00%
Total
0
Errors
Total
Total
Delta
Accum
Clear
Total
Delta
Too Big
0
Accum
Clear
Total
Delta
Auth Traps Disabled
Accum
Clear
More
Alarm and Find View
The icons used in the Alarm View and Find View to represent the Bridging,
Repeater, and FDDI applications provide the same functions and visual status
presentations as the CSIBridge, CSIRptr, and FddiSMT Icons, with a few
exceptions. The SPECTRUM Operator’s Reference provides a list of Alarm
and Find View Icon menu selections.
9032560 E1
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-11
Management Information Bases (MIBs)
Management Information Bases (MIBs)
MIBs, or management information bases, store information that define all
objects that can be managed in a network. MIBs address the need for a
standard network management platform. Portions of some MIBs, like MIB II,
are distributed among the devices in a network - such as end systems,
terminal servers and routers - that need to be managed. RFC, or Requests for
Comments, MIBs are written by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) and
are available for public use. Other MIBs have been developed by specific
organizations for private use (i.e., Ct_Trans_App is a Cabletron-specific MIB).
A MIB is analogous to an information warehouse, with specific floors, aisles
and racks stocked with inventory. Each MIB implements an inventory control
scheme, set up according to Structure of Management Information or SMI
definitions. SMI, also defines the rules for identifying managed objects. Each
managed object is assigned an object identifier or OID, which uniquely
identifies the object. Network managers must understand the concepts of SMI
and learn to apply them to the available MIBs.
Managed objects are grouped according to the layering structure of the
specific type of network being managed. In an OSI network, for example,
objects are organized according to the seven-layer OSI model. In a TCP/IP
network, objects are organized by that layering structure of the TCP/IP
architecture.
MIB-I and MIB-II
Managed objects are arranged into groups to logically organize the use of the
object identifiers and tree structure, and to simplify the SNMP agent design
structure through the implementation of all objects within the group. Protocol
mechanisms that communicate management information via MIBs include
the following MIB-1 groups:
•
•
•
•
•
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
System
These protocols and their associated RFCs, documents that give the technical
description of the internet suite of protocols, are outlined in the following
chapters.
MIB-II adds new objects to each group, and is backward-compatible with
MIB-1.
Introduction to the Application View and MIBs
1-12
MIBs and the Application View

* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project