Balanced Modulator
Model 9748
Assembly and Using Manual
This second-generation 9700-series
processing element for modular sound
synthesizers is designed to provide great
sound and excellent value.
Audio signals applied to the inputs of the
9748 Balanced Modulator appear at the
output, with added new frequencies which
are the sums and differences of the
applied signals. Create complex tones
characteristic of bells and chimes.
Frequency doubling and de-tuned shortwave radio or robotic voice effects are
other possibilities with single or multiple
signal sources as inputs. Features
separate Carrier and Modulation Null
controls for optimum results with a wide
range of input signals.
This high-performance module is
designed to be compatible with most
modular synthesizer systems with little or
no modification. Most active components
are already mounted, making assembly a
snap.
© 2009 PAiA Corporation
ASSEMBLING THE 9748 Balanced Modulator
Before beginning assembly, go through the manual. Look at the drawings.
Feel the parts. You're naturally eager to plunge right in, but take a few
deep breaths first. Check the parts supplied against the packing list at the
back of this manual.
In some cases, notes packed with the parts will be used to call your attention
to special situations. If parts are missing, please notify PAiA at
[email protected] or by phone at (405) 340-6300, fax (405) 340-6378.
A NOTES page is included at the end of this manual.
Notice that each step in the manual is marked with a checkoff box like this:
DESIGNATION
( ) R27
DESC.
100ohm
MARKING
brn-blk-brn-gld
Checking off each step as you do it may seem silly and ritualistic, but it
greatly decreases the chance of omitting a step and also provides some
gratification and reward as each step is completed.
Numbered figures are printed in the Illustrations Supplement in the center of
this manual. These pages may be removed for easy reference during
assembly.
THE CIRCUIT BOARD
The 9748 Balanced Modulator is built on a double-sided circuit board. Note
the “top” side of the board has the connector and control placement
designators. Surface-mounted components are on the “bottom” of the
board. Install parts to the top of the board and solder them on the bottom.
TOOLS
You'll need a minimum of tools to assemble the kit – a small pair of diagonal
wire cutters, pliers, screwdriver, soldering iron, and solder.
2
Modern electronic components are small (in case you hadn't noticed) and
values marked on the part are often difficult to see. Another handy tool for
your bench will be a good magnifying glass. Also use the magnifier to
examine each solder joint as it is made to make sure that is doesn't have
any of the problems in the SOLDERING section which follows.
SOLDERING
Select a soldering iron with a small tip and a power rating of not more than
35 watts. Soldering guns are completely unacceptable for assembling
solid-state equipment because the large magnetic field they generate can
damage components.
Use only a high quality electronic solder. Your kit is compatible with leadfree and/or tin-lead flux-core solders made especially for electronic
assembly. Plumbing solder will destroy your kit with its acid core. Jewelry
solder (silver solder) will destroy your kit with its high working heat.
Neither is for electronics work.
A proper solder joint has just enough solder to cover the soldering pad and
about 1/16-inch of the lead passing through it.
There are two improper connections to be aware of: Using too little solder
will sometimes result in a connection which appears to be soldered when
actually there is a thin layer of flux insulating the component lead from the
solder bead. This situation can be cured by reheating the joint and
applying more solder.
Too much solder may produce a conducting bridge of excess solder
between adjacent pads causing a short-circuit. Continued feeding of
solder into a hot joint can result in accumulation on the underside of the
board and may cause bridges or impede the action of mechanical
components. If you see this, position the board above the iron tip and the
excess will flow to the tip.
Use care when mounting all components. Never force a component into
place.
3
CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS, LED
Controls and connectors will be installed on the top side of
the board with the placement designators as shown in the
illustration to the right. The LED indicator will also be
installed at this time.
Miniature phone connectors referenced as “stereo phone
jacks” in the manual parts list are specified below with the
contact/terminal names, Tip, Ring and Sleeve (TRS) and are
labeled on the board and schematic as such.
The potentiometers have tabs extending from their body for
stability. They have a snap-fit to the board. Align the tabs
and pins with their holes and press them into place. There
is no need to bend the tabs or terminals.
To ensure the best alignment with these parts with the front
panel, begin by soldering only one of the multiple terminals
associated with each of the following parts as it is installed.
Then, if a part is tilted or crooked, it is only a matter of
reheating the joint as the part is aligned.
Match the tab of the polarized power connector with the
corresponding board marking.
DESIG.
DESC.
MARKING
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
TRS socket
TRS socket
TRS socket
Housed LED
100K ohm
potentiometer, linear
100K ohm
potentiometer, linear
header
B100K
J1
J2
J3
LED1
P1
( ) P2
( ) PWR1
Top of circuit board
TRS socket
“stereo phone jack”
Housed LED
B100K
Potentiometer
Header
4
CAPACITORS
Install the non-polarized electrolytic capacitor. Note that
even though one leg is longer than the other and the board
shows a difference for the two holes, either lead can go in
either hole.
Solder each leg on the bottom of the board and clip the
excess at the top of the joint.
( ) C4
( ) C6
( ) C7
10uF/35v Non-Polar. Electrolytic Capacitor
10uF/35v Non-Polar. Electrolytic Capacitor
10uF/35v Non-Polar. Electrolytic Capacitor
Non-polarized electrolytic capacitor
COMPLETION
The front panel is used for mounting the module in a rack system or cabinet. Complete the
module assembly by mounting the 9748 PCB sub-assembly to the front panel as follows:
Referring to Fig. 1A of the illustration supplement, use the knurled phone jack nuts to secure
the sub-assembly to the front panel. Check for clearance of the potentiometer shafts to ensure
they rotate freely. Finger-tighten the phone jack nuts and then use the tips of the diagonal
cutters to give them another quarter of a turn or so.
Complete the soldering of all multi-terminal parts. Take care the solder doesn't run through to
the opposite side of the board when soldering the mounting tabs. With practice, it is possible
to flow solder to cover the opening; otherwise, just flow a bit to secure the tab to the pad ring.
Cut a 3/8" (10mm) long shim sleeve for each pot from the length of polyethylene sleeve
provided. Set the shafts fully counter-clockwise, slip the shims over the pot control shafts, put
the knob in place with the pointer aligned to about a 7:00 setting, and use a small screwdriver
to tighten the set-screw just enough that it grips.
5
POWERING AND TESTING
Power to the circuit is via a four-circuit, dual-polarity DC power supply. A power connector
cable matches the header for connection with one of the PAiA 977x supplies at 15v or more.
Connect the circuit labeled (+) to the positive DC source (V+), the circuit labeled (-) to the
negative DC source (V-), the circuit labeled (G) to the power ground (G), and the circuit labeled
(SG) to the signal ground (SG). For other supplies without separate signal and power grounds,
use two wires to join the two grounds (G and SG) to the one ground (aka GND, 0VDC or
common) at the supply.
Before applying power, check again, to be sure the wiring for the two DC polarities and that the
polarized 4ckt connectors are as intended (see Fig.1B).
Use two-circuit, Tip-Sleeve (TS or mono), cords for patching in or out of the Balanced
Modulator when connecting with external devices. Within a 9700-series system, either single
conductor (Tip-only), or TS cords may be used. If this seems confusing, remember that a
regular mono cable will always work for most home studios. PAiA equipment allows tip-only
connections for professional applications where star grounding is required.
6
Connect a triangle or sine wave output from a 9720 VCO or similar to the Modulation Input
(Mod In) of the 9748 Balanced Modulator. The VCO waves are about 4Vpp but the 9748 will
accept up to 10vpp. It should be observed that rotation of the Modulation Null control (Mod
Null) works to minimize the audio at the Output. The LED indicator dims for this null condition.
A visualization of the Output signal with respect to the Input signal shows that as the Mod Null
is advanced from the null condition, the resulting waveform is in-phase with the input signal—
retarded from null the output is inverted.
7
Notes
Mounting hole are provided on the printed-circuit-board for custom applications.
Resistor R20 is not used in normal applications. If a different color LED is installed, a resistor
may be installed here to optimize the current to the LED and its resulting intensity.
The use of unregulated power supplies with this module could attribute to hum in the output. If
in a system with other 97xx modules, the regulated voltages can be tapped at test points as a
solution.
P1 and P2 board labels conflict with schematic.
8
Builder's Notes
9
DESIGN ANALYSIS
The balanced modulator is built around a MC1496 balanced modulator/demodulator IC. The
Carrier and Modulation input signals are capacitively coupled to resistive dividers R1/R2 and
R10/R4, respectively, which feed the heterodyning mixer. Potentiometers P1 and P2 are used
to adjust the null of the mixer and are brought out to the front panel to allow for interesting
distortion options that aren’t typically available from a balanced modulator. The output and
LED driver consists of identical op-amp gain stages that both the output and signal level
indicator.
10
9748 Parts List
Please check the parts against this list. As you locate a part type and verify the quantity (and
mounting hardware -- if required) check it off in the space provided.
Because we have introduced surface-mount parts with these kits, we are providing the printed
circuit card as a sub-assembly with the surface-mount parts already in place.
Also, we want to make you aware that we are using both linear- and audio-taper
potentiometers in some of the modules. They are marked differently so we are asking that you
check carefully.
If anything is missing please notify PAiA at [email protected] or by phone at (405) 3406300, fax (405) 340-6378.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Quan
Description
1 9748 PCB Sub-assembly, Balanced Modulator
1 9748 Front Panel, Balanced Modulator
2 100K ohm Potentiometer, 9 mm Snap-In, Linear
3 Phone Jack, Stereo, 3.5mm
2 Knob, Set Screw
1 Shim, Knob, Polyethylene Sleeve
3 10uF, 35V Capacitor, Electrolytic, Non-Polarized, Radial
1 LED, Yellow Diffused, RA, PCB Mount
1 Header, Vertical, 1row, 4pin
9748 Test Point Data
TP1
na
TP5
Output
TP2
na
TP6
+12 VDC
TP3
Modulation In
TP7
-12 VDC
TP4
Carrier In
TP8
0 VDC
9748 Power Requirements
Voltage
Current
+15 VDC
15.7 mA
-15 VDC
13.5 mA
11
Ref Des
P1, P2
J1, J2, J3
9748 Balanced Modulator
www.paia.com
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