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VR-3031u
Multi-DSL Router
User Manual
Version A1.0, November 12, 2013
261099-021
Preface
This manual provides information related to the installation and operation of this device. The individual reading this manual is presumed to have a basic understanding of telecommunications terminology and concepts.
If you find the product to be inoperable or malfunctioning, please contact technical support for immediate service by email at [email protected]
For product update, new product release, manual revision, or software upgrades, please visit our website at http://www.comtrend.com
Important Safety Instructions
With reference to unpacking, installation, use, and maintenance of your electronic device, the following basic guidelines are recommended:
• Do not use or install this product near water, to avoid fire or shock hazard. For example, near a bathtub, kitchen sink or laundry tub, or near a swimming pool.
Also, do not expose the equipment to rain or damp areas (e.g. a wet basement).
• Do not connect the power supply cord on elevated surfaces. Allow it to lie freely.
There should be no obstructions in its path and no heavy items should be placed on the cord. In addition, do not walk on, step on, or mistreat the cord.
• Use only the power cord and adapter that are shipped with this device.
• To safeguard the equipment against overheating, make sure that all openings in the unit that offer exposure to air are not blocked.
• Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm.
There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightening. Also, do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.
• Never install telephone wiring during stormy weather conditions.
CAUTION:
To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG or larger telecommunication line cord.
Always disconnect all telephone lines from the wall outlet before servicing or disassembling this equipment.
WARNING
Disconnect the power line from the device before servicing.
Power supply specifications are clearly stated in Appendix C -
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Copyright
Copyright©2013 Comtrend Corporation. All rights reserved. The information contained herein is proprietary to Comtrend Corporation. No part of this document may be translated, transcribed, reproduced, in any form, or by any means without prior written consent of Comtrend Corporation.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
NOTE: This document is subject to change without notice.
Protect Our Environment
This symbol indicates that when the equipment has reached the end of its useful life, it must be taken to a recycling centre and processed separate from domestic waste.
The cardboard box, the plastic contained in the packaging, and the parts that make up this router can be recycled in accordance with regionally established regulations.
Never dispose of this electronic equipment along with your household waste; you may be subject to penalties or sanctions under the law. Instead, please be responsible and ask for disposal instructions from your local government.
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1 Introduction
The VR-3031u is an 802.11n compliant Multi-DSL router that supports both ADSL2+ and
VDSL2. The latter is a brand new standard and technology perfect for triple play (Video,
Voice and Data) applications. The VR-3031u comes with four 10/100 Base-T Ethernet ports, and one USB host, combining wired LAN connectivity and an integrated 802.11n
WiFi WLAN Access Point (AP) for wireless connectivity.
The VR-3031u is a cost effective solution designed to meet the needs of ISPs and carriers planning on deploying a single DSL device for covering end users in different loop range areas.
Deploying VR-3031u is cost effective for ISPs and carriers because deploying a single CPE
DSL device with multiple profile support minimizes the number of required upgrades.
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Chapter 2 Installation
2.1 Hardware Setup
Follow the instructions below to complete the hardware setup.
Non-stackable
This device is not stackable – do not place units on top of each other, otherwise damage could occur.
BACK PANEL
The figure below shows the back panel of the device.
Power ON
Press the power button to the OFF position (OUT). Connect the power adapter to the power port. Attach the power adapter to a wall outlet or other AC source. Press the power button to the ON position (IN). If the Power LED displays as expected then
the device is ready for setup (see section 2.2 LED Indicators ).
Caution 1: If the device fails to power up, or it malfunctions, first verify that the power cords are connected securely and then power it on again. If the problem persists, contact technical support.
Caution 2: Before servicing or disassembling this equipment, disconnect all power cords and telephone lines from their outlets.
Reset Button
Restore the default parameters of the device by pressing the Reset button for 10 seconds. After the device has rebooted successfully, the front panel should display
as expected (see section 2.2 LED Indicators for details).
NOTE: If pressed down for more than 60 seconds, the VR-3031u will go into a firmware update state (CFE boot mode). The firmware can then be updated using an Internet browser pointed to the default IP address.
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WPS/WiFi Button
Press and release WPS-WiFi button to activate WPS (make sure the WPS is enabled in Wireless->Security page).
Press and hold WPS-WIFI button more than 5 seconds to enable/disable WiFi.
Ethernet (LAN) Ports
Use 10/100 BASE-T RJ-45 cables to connect up to four network devices. These ports are auto-sensing MDI/X; so either straight-through or crossover cable can be used.
USB Host Port (Type A)
This port can be used to connect the router to the print server.
DSL Port
Connect to an ADSL2/2+ or VDSL with this RJ11 Port. This device contains a micro filter which removes the analog phone signal. If you wish, you can connect a regular telephone to the same line by using a POTS splitter.
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2.2 LED Indicators
The front panel LED indicators are shown below and explained in the following table.
This information can be used to check the status of the device and its connections.
LED
POWER
ETH 1 to 4 Green
WLAN
WPS
USB
DSL
INTERNET
Color Mode
Green
Red
Green
Green
On
Off
On
Function
The device is powered up.
The device is powered down.
POST (Power On Self Test) failure or other malfunction. A malfunction is any error of internal sequence or state that will prevent the device from connecting to the DSLAM or passing customer data.
On
Off
Off
An Ethernet Link is established.
An Ethernet Link is not established.
Blink Data transmitting or receiving over LAN.
On The wireless module is ready.
(i.e. installed and enabled).
The wireless module is not ready.
(i.e. either not installed or disabled).
Blink Data transmitting or receiving over WLAN.
On WPS enabled and PC connected to WLAN.
Off
WPS disenabled when WPS configured.
After clients are connected to router for about 5 minutes, LED is OFF.
Blink The router is searching for WPS clients or WPS is un-configured.
On
Green
Off
Red On
USB mass storage, USB hub or USB printer is connected; or 3G USB dongle connection is UP.
No USB device connected.
3G USB dongle attached, 3G connection is DOWN.
Green
On
Off xDSL Link is established. xDSL Link is not established.
Green
Blink fast: xDSL Link is training or data transmitting. slow: xDSL training failed.
On IP connected and no traffic detected. If an IP or
PPPoE session is dropped due to an idle timeout, the light will remain green if an ADSL connection is still present.
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Off Modem power off, modem in bridged mode or ADSL connection not present. In addition, if an IP or
PPPoE session is dropped for any reason, other than an idle timeout, the light is turned off.
Red
Blink IP connected and IP Traffic is passing thru the device
(either direction)
On
Device attempted to become IP connected and failed
(no DHCP response, no PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed, no IP address from IPCP, etc.)
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Chapter 3 Web User Interface
This section describes how to access the device via the web user interface (WUI) using an Internet browser such as Internet Explorer (version 5.0 and later).
3.1 Default Settings
The factory default settings of this device are summarized below.
• LAN IP address: 192.168.1.1
• LAN subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
• Administrative access (username: admin, password: as created in your wizard)
See section 3.3 Wizard Setup for details
• Remote access (username: admin, password: as created in your wizard)
• WLAN access: enabled
Technical Note
During power on, the device initializes all settings to default values. It will then read the configuration profile from the permanent storage section of flash memory.
The default attributes are overwritten when identical attributes with different values are configured. The configuration profile in permanent storage can be created via the web user interface or telnet user interface, or other management protocols.
The factory default configuration can be restored either by pushing the reset button for more than ten seconds until the power indicates LED blinking or by clicking the
Restore Default Configuration option in the Restore Settings screen.
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3.2 IP Configuration
DHCP MODE
When the VR-3031u powers up, the onboard DHCP server will switch on. Basically, the DHCP server issues and reserves IP addresses for LAN devices, such as your PC.
To obtain an IP address from the DCHP server, follow the steps provided below.
NOTE: The following procedure assumes you are running Windows XP.
However, the general steps involved are similar for most operating systems (OS). Check your OS support documentation for further details.
STEP 1: From the Network Connections window, open Local Area Connection (You may also access this screen by double-clicking the Local Area Connection
icon on your taskbar). Click the Properties button.
STEP 2: Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click the Properties button.
STEP 3: Select Obtain an IP address automatically as shown below.
STEP 4: Click OK to submit these settings.
If you experience difficulty with DHCP mode, you can try static IP mode instead.
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STATIC IP MODE
In static IP mode, you assign IP settings to your PC manually.
Follow these steps to configure your PC IP address to use subnet 192.168.1.x.
NOTE: The following procedure assumes you are running Windows XP.
However, the general steps involved are similar for most operating systems (OS). Check your OS support documentation for further details.
STEP 1: From the Network Connections window, open Local Area Connection (You may also access this screen by double-clicking the Local Area Connection
icon on your taskbar). Click the Properties button.
STEP 2: Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click the Properties button.
STEP 3: Change the IP address to the 192.168.1.x (1<x<255) subnet with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. The screen should now display as shown below.
STEP 4: Click OK to submit these settings.
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3.3 Wizard Setup
After starting the Wizard you will be brought to the Welcome page. Click the
Continue button.
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Set new login password and click the Continue button. The new password must have a minimum of 6 characters and a maximum of 16. Letters or numbers can be used.
Passwords with characters repeated more than 2 times such as 111 or eee for example are not permitted.
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If there is no DSL connection, the following page will pop up to inform you. (For reference)
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Input the Username and Password as provided by your ISP (Internet Service
Provider). Click the Continue button.
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This page informs you that the settings are being saved.
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If the wrong Username and/or Password are used the following page will pop up to inform you. (For reference)
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Upon Username and Password authentication, you will be asked to set a new WiFi
Password. Input the new Password and click the Continue button. The new password must have a minimum of 8 characters and a maximum of 64.
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If WiFi was set up correctly, it goes to end of wizard page. Click on the Advanced
Configuration button to bring you to the Advanced Settings Page. If you click the
Complete button you will be brought to the ctbc company web page.
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3.4 Login to Advanced Web User Interface
Perform the following steps to login to the web user interface.
NOTE: Before accessing this page, make sure to complete the Wizard Setup.
STEP 1: Start the Internet browser and enter the default IP address for the device in the Web address field. For example, if the default IP address is
192.168.1.1, type http://192.168.1.1/main.html
NOTE: For local administration (i.e. LAN access), the PC running the browser must be attached to the Ethernet, and not necessarily to the device.
For remote access (i.e. WAN), use the IP address shown on the Device
Information screen and login with remote username and password.
STEP 2: A dialog box will appear, such as the one below. Enter the default
username and password, as created in the Wizard Setup. See Section 3.3
Click OK to continue.
NOTE: The login password can be changed by using the wizard.
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STEP 3: After successfully logging in for the first time, you will reach this screen.
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Chapter 4 Device Information
The web user interface window is divided into two frames, the main menu (at left) and the display screen (on the right). The main menu has several options and selecting each of these options opens a submenu with more selections.
NOTE: The menu items shown are based upon the configured connection(s) and user account privileges. For example, if NAT and Firewall are enabled, the main menu will display the NAT and Security submenus. If either is disabled, their corresponding menu(s) will also be disabled.
Device Info is the first selection on the main menu so it will be discussed first.
Subsequent chapters will introduce the other main menu options in sequence.
The Device Info Summary screen displays at startup.
This screen shows hardware, software, IP settings and other related information.
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4.1 WAN
Select WAN from the Device Info submenu to display the configured PVC(s).
Heading
Interface
Description
Type
VlanMuxId
IGMP
NAT
Firewall
Status
IPv4 Address
PPP connect/disconnect
Description
Name of the interface for WAN
Name of the WAN connection
Shows the connection type
Shows 802.1Q VLAN ID
Shows Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) status
Shows Network Address Translation (NAT) status
Shows the status of Firewall
Lists the status of DSL link
Shows WAN IPv4 address
Shows the PPP connection status
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4.2 Statistics
This selection provides LAN, WAN, ATM/PTM and xDSL statistics.
NOTE: These screens are updated automatically every 15 seconds.
Click Reset Statistics to perform a manual update.
4.2.1 LAN Statistics
This screen shows data traffic statistics for each LAN interface.
Heading
Interface
Received/Transmitted: - Bytes
- Pkts
- Errs
- Drops
Description
LAN interface(s)
Number of Bytes
Number of Packets
Number of packets with errors
Number of dropped packets
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4.2.2 WAN Service
This screen shows data traffic statistics for each WAN interface.
Heading
Interface
Description
Received/Transmitted - Bytes
- Pkts
- Errs
- Drops
Description
WAN interfaces
WAN service label
Number of Bytes
Number of Packets
Number of packets with errors
Number of dropped packets
4.2.3 ATM Statistics
The following figure shows Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) statistics.
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ATM Interface Statistics
Heading Description
Port Number
In Octets
Out Octets
ATM PORT (0-3)
Number of received octets over the interface
Number of transmitted octets over the interface
In Errors
In Unknown
Number of cells dropped due to uncorrectable HEC errors
Number of received cells discarded during cell header validation, including cells with unrecognized VPI/VCI values, and cells with invalid cell header patterns. If cells with undefined PTI values are discarded, they are also counted here.
Number of cells received with an ATM Cell Header HEC error In Hec Errors
In Invalid Vpi
Vci Errors
In Port Not
Enable Errors
In PTI Errors
Number of cells received with an unregistered VCC address.
Number of cells received on a port that has not been enabled.
In Idle Cells
In Circuit Type
Errors
In OAM RM CRC
Errors
Number of cells received with an ATM header Payload Type
Indicator (PTI) error
Number of idle cells received
Number of cells received with an illegal circuit type
Number of OAM and RM cells received with CRC errors
In GFC Errors Number of cells received with a non-zero GFC.
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4.2.4 xDSL Statistics
The xDSL Statistics screen displays information corresponding to the xDSL type.
The two examples below (VDSL & ADSL) show this variation.
VDSL
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ADSL
Click the Reset Statistics button to refresh this screen.
Field Description
Mode G.Dmt, G.lite, T1.413, ADSL2, ADSL2+
Traffic Type
Status
Link Power State
Line Coding (Trellis)
SNR Margin (0.1 dB)
Channel type Interleave or Fast
Lists the status of the DSL link
Link output power state
Trellis On/Off
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) margin
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Attenuation (0.1 dB) Estimate of average loop attenuation in the downstream direction
Output Power (0.1 dBm) Total upstream output power
Attainable Rate (Kbps) The sync rate you would obtain
Rate (Kbps) Current sync rates downstream/upstream
In VDSL mode, the following section is inserted.
B Number of bytes in Mux Data Frame
M
T
Number of Mux Data Frames in a RS codeword
Number of Mux Data Frames in an OH sub-frame
R
S
L
D
I
N
Number of redundancy bytes in the RS codeword
Number of data symbols the RS codeword spans
Number of bits transmitted in each data symbol
The interleaver depth
The interleaver block size in bytes
RS codeword size
Delay The delay in milliseconds (msec)
INP DMT symbol
In ADSL2+ mode, the following section is inserted.
MSGc Number of bytes in overhead channel message
B
M
Number of bytes in Mux Data Frame
Number of Mux Data Frames in FEC Data Frame
R
S
D
T
R
S
L
D
Delay
Mux Data Frames over sync bytes
Number of check bytes in FEC Data Frame
Ratio of FEC over PMD Data Frame length
Number of bits in PMD Data Frame
The interleaver depth
The delay in milliseconds (msec)
INP DMT symbol
In G.DMT mode, the following section is inserted.
K Number of bytes in DMT frame
Number of check bytes in RS code word
RS code word size in DMT frame
The interleaver depth
The delay in milliseconds (msec) Delay
Super Frames
Super Frame Errors
RS Words
Total number of super frames
Number of super frames received with errors
Total number of Reed-Solomon code errors
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RS Correctable Errors Total Number of RS with correctable errors
RS Uncorrectable Errors Total Number of RS words with uncorrectable errors
HEC Errors Total Number of Header Error Checksum errors
OCD Errors
LCD Errors
Total Cells
Total Number of Out-of-Cell Delineation errors
Total number of Loss of Cell Delineation
Total number of ATM cells (including idle + data cells)
Data Cells
Bit Errors
Total ES
Total SES
Total UAS
Total number of ATM data cells
Total number of bit errors
Total Number of Errored Seconds
Total Number of Severely Errored Seconds
Total Number of Unavailable Seconds xDSL BER TEST
Click xDSL BER Test on the xDSL Statistics screen to test the Bit Error Rate (BER).
A small pop-up window will open after the button is pressed, as shown below.
Click Start to start the test or click Close to cancel the test. After the BER testing is complete, the pop-up window will display as follows.
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xDSL TONE GRAPH
Click Draw Tone Graph on the xDSL Statistics screen and a pop-up window will display the xDSL bits per tone status, as shown below.
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4.3 Route
Choose Route to display the routes that the VR-3031u has found.
Field
Destination
Description
Destination network or destination host
Gateway Next hub IP address
Subnet Mask Subnet Mask of Destination
Flag
Metric
U: route is up
!: reject route
G: use gateway
H: target is a host
R: reinstate route for dynamic routing
D: dynamically installed by daemon or redirect
M: modified from routing daemon or redirect
The 'distance' to the target (usually counted in hops). It is not used by recent kernels, but may be needed by routing daemons.
Service
Interface
Shows the WAN connection label
Shows connection interfaces
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4.4 ARP
Click ARP to display the ARP information.
Field Description
IP address Shows IP address of host pc
Flags Complete, Incomplete, Permanent, or Publish
HW Address Shows the MAC address of host pc
Device Shows the connection interface
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4.5 DHCP
Click DHCP to display all DHCP Leases.
Field Description
Hostname Shows the device/host/PC network name
MAC Address Shows the Ethernet MAC address of the device/host/PC
IP Address Shows IP address of device/host/PC
Expires In Shows how much time is left for each DHCP Lease
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4.6 NAT Session
Click the “Show All” button to display the following.
Field Description
Source IP
Source Port
The source IP from which the NAT session is established
The source port from which the NAT session is established
Destination IP The IP which the NAT session was connected to
Destination Port The port which the NAT session was connected to
Protocol The Protocol used in establishing the particular NAT session
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4.7 IGMP Info
Field
Interface
WAN
Groups
Member
Timeout
Description
The Source interface from which the IGMP report was received
The WAN interface from which the multicast traffic is received
The destination IGMP group address
The Source IP from which the IGMP report was received
The time remaining before the IGMP report expires
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4.8 3G
Device needs to be attached in order to display the information for the 3G device.
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Chapter 5 Advanced Setup
5.1 Layer 2 Interface
The ATM, PTM and ETH WAN interface screens are described here.
5.1.1 ATM Interface
Add or remove ATM interface connections here.
Click Add to create a new ATM interface (see Appendix G - Connection Setup ).
NOTE: Up to 8 ATM interfaces can be created and saved in flash memory.
To remove a connection, select its Remove column radio button and click Remove.
5.1.2 PTM Interface
Add or remove PTM interface connections here.
Click Add to create a new connection (see Appendix G ). To
remove a connection, select its Remove column radio button and click Remove.
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5.1.3 ETH WAN INTERFACE
This screen displays the Ethernet WAN Interface configuration.
NOTE : This option only applies to models with an Ethernet WAN port.
Click Add to create a new connection (see Appendix G ).
NOTE: One Ethernet WAN interface can be created and saved in flash memory.
To remove a connection, select its Remove column radio button and click remove.
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5.2 WAN
This screen allows for the configuration of WAN interfaces.
Click the Add button to create a new connection. For connections on ATM or ETH
WAN interfaces see Appendix G .
NOTE: ETH and ATM service connections cannot coexist. In Default Mode, up to
8 WAN connections can be configured; while VLAN Mux and MSC
Connection Modes support up to 16 WAN connections.
To remove a connection, select its Remove column radio button and click Remove.
Heading Description
Interface
Description
Type
Name of the interface for WAN
Name of the WAN connection
Shows the connection type
Vlan8021p
VlanMuxId
IGMP
NAT
Firewall
IPv6
VLAN ID is used for VLAN Tagging (IEEE 802.1Q)
Shows 802.1Q VLAN ID
Shows Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) status
Shows Network Address Translation (NAT) status
Shows the Security status
Shows the WAN IPv6 address
MLD Shows Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) status
Connect/Disconnect Shows the status of PPP manual mode
If PPP Manual mode is enabled, the connect/disconnect in
Device Info->Wan can be used to establish/terminate a PPP connection
Remove Select interfaces to remove
To remove a connection, select its Remove column radio button and click Remove.
To Add a new WAN connection, click the Add button and follow the instructions.
NOTE: Up to 16 PVC profiles can be configured and saved in flash memory.
Also, ETH and PTM/ATM service connections cannot coexist.
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5.2.1 3G Service Setup
This page is used to configure 3G service, and let route access internet via 3G. If users don’t insert 3G dongle, users can not configure the 3G WAN interface.
Click the Add button to create a new connection.
To remove a connection, select its Remove column radio button and click Remove.
Heading Description
Interface Name of the interface for WAN
Description
Type
Name of the WAN connection
Shows the connection type
Vlan8021p
VlanMuxId
IGMP
NAT
Firewall
Remove
VLAN ID is used for VLAN Tagging (IEEE 802.1Q)
Shows 802.1Q VLAN ID
Shows Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) status
Shows Network Address Translation (NAT) status
Shows the Security status
Select interfaces to remove
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Input your Access Point Name and Dial Number and click Next. For further setup
instructions please see Appendix G - Connection Setup .
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5.3 Auto-detection setup
Tick the Enable auto-detect to display the following:
Follow the onscreen instructions to configure the interfaces that are available within your network, specify the wan parameters to be used and click the Apply/Save button to activate the auto-detection function.
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5.4 NAT
To display this option, NAT must be enabled in at least one PVC shown on the
Advanced Setup - WAN screen. NAT is not an available option in Bridge mode.
5.4.1 Virtual Servers
Virtual Servers allow you to direct incoming traffic from the WAN side (identified by
Protocol and External port) to the Internal server with private IP addresses on the
LAN side. The Internal port is required only if the external port needs to be converted to a different port number used by the server on the LAN side.
A maximum of 32 entries can be configured.
To add a Virtual Server, click Add. The following will be displayed.
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Consult the table below for field and header descriptions.
Field/Header Description
Use Interface
Select a Service
Or
Custom Service
Server IP Address
Select a WAN interface from the drop-down box.
User should select the service from the list.
Or
User can enter the name of their choice.
Enter the IP address for the server.
Enable NAT
Loopback
External Port Start Enter the starting external port number (when you select
Custom Server). When a service is selected, the port ranges are automatically configured.
External Port End
Allows local machines to access virtual server via WAN IP
Address
Enter the ending external port number (when you select
Custom Server). When a service is selected, the port ranges are automatically configured.
Protocol TCP, TCP/UDP, or UDP.
Internal Port Start Enter the internal port starting number (when you select
Custom Server). When a service is selected the port ranges are automatically configured
Internal Port End Enter the internal port ending number (when you select
Custom Server). When a service is selected, the port ranges are automatically configured.
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5.4.2 Port Triggering
Some applications require that specific ports in the firewall be opened for access by the remote parties. Port Triggers dynamically 'Open Ports' in the firewall when an application on the LAN initiates a TCP/UDP connection to a remote party using the
'Triggering Ports'. The Router allows the remote party from the WAN side to establish new connections back to the application on the LAN side using the 'Open
Ports'. A maximum 32 entries can be configured.
To add a Trigger Port, click Add. The following will be displayed.
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Consult the table below for field and header descriptions.
Field/Header Description
Use Interface Select a WAN interface from the drop-down box.
Select an Application
Or
Custom Application
Trigger Port Start
Trigger Port End
Trigger Protocol
Open Port Start
Open Port End
Open Protocol
User should select the application from the list.
Or
User can enter the name of their choice.
Enter the starting trigger port number (when you select custom application). When an application is selected, the port ranges are automatically configured.
Enter the ending trigger port number (when you select custom application). When an application is selected, the port ranges are automatically configured.
TCP, TCP/UDP, or UDP.
Enter the starting open port number (when you select custom application). When an application is selected, the port ranges are automatically configured.
Enter the ending open port number (when you select custom application). When an application is selected, the port ranges are automatically configured.
TCP, TCP/UDP, or UDP.
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5.4.3 DMZ Host
The DSL router will forward IP packets from the WAN that do not belong to any of the applications configured in the Virtual Servers table to the DMZ host computer.
To Activate the DMZ host, enter the DMZ host IP address and click Save/Apply.
To Deactivate the DMZ host, clear the IP address field and click Save/Apply.
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5.4.4 IP Address Map
Mapping Local IP (LAN IP) to some specified Public IP (WAN IP).
Field/Header
Rule
Type
Local Start IP
Local End IP
Public Start IP
Public End IP
Remove
Description
The number of the rule
Mapping type from local to public.
The beginning of the local IP
The ending of the local IP
The beginning of the public IP
The ending of the public IP
Remove this rule
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Select a Service, then click the Save/Apply button.
One to One: mapping one local IP to a specific public IP
Many to one: mapping a range of local IP to a specific public IP
Many to many(Overload): mapping a range of local IP to a different range of public IP
Many to many(No Overload): mapping a range of local IP to a same range of public IP
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5.4.5 SIP ALG
This page allows you to enable / disable SIP ALG.
5.4.6 IPSEC ALG
IPSEC ALG provides multiple VPN passthrough connection support, allowing different clients on LAN side to establish a secured IP Connection to the WAN server.
To enable IPSEC ALG, tick the checkbox and click the Save button.
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5.5 Security
To display this function, you must enable the firewall feature in WAN Setup.
For detailed descriptions, with examples, please consult Appendix A - Firewall .
5.5.1 IP Filtering
This screen sets filter rules that limit IP traffic (Outgoing/Incoming). Multiple filter rules can be set and each applies at least one limiting condition. For individual IP packets to pass the filter all conditions must be fulfilled.
NOTE:
This function is not available when in bridge mode. Instead, MAC Filtering
performs a similar function.
OUTGOING IP FILTER
By default, all outgoing IP traffic is allowed, but IP traffic can be blocked with filters.
To add a filter (to block some outgoing IP traffic), click the Add button.
On the following screen, enter your filter criteria and then click Apply/Save.
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Consult the table below for field descriptions.
Field Description
Filter Name The filter rule label
IP Version
Protocol
Source IP address
Select from the drop down menu.
TCP, TCP/UDP, UDP, or ICMP.
Enter source IP address.
Source Port (port or port:port)
Destination IP address
Enter source port number or range.
Enter destination IP address.
Destination Port (port or port:port) Enter destination port number or range.
INCOMING IP FILTER
By default, all incoming IP traffic is blocked, but IP traffic can be allowed with filters.
To add a filter (to allow incoming IP traffic), click the Add button.
On the following screen, enter your filter criteria and then click Apply/Save.
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Consult the table below for field descriptions.
Field
Filter Name
IP Version
Protocol
Source IP address
Description
The filter rule label
Select from the drop down menu.
TCP, TCP/UDP, UDP, or ICMP.
Enter source IP address.
Source Port (port or port:port)
Destination IP address
Enter source port number or range.
Enter destination IP address.
Destination Port (port or port:port) Enter destination port number or range.
At the bottom of this screen, select the WAN and LAN Interfaces to which the filter rule will apply. You may select all or just a subset. WAN interfaces in bridge mode or without firewall enabled are not available.
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5.5.2 MAC Filtering
NOTE:
This option is only available in bridge mode. Other modes use IP Filtering
to perform a similar function.
Each network device has a unique 48-bit MAC address. This can be used to filter
(block or forward) packets based on the originating device. MAC filtering policy and rules for the VR-3031u can be set according to the following procedure.
The MAC Filtering Global Policy is defined as follows. FORWARDED means that all
MAC layer frames will be FORWARDED except those matching the MAC filter rules.
BLOCKED means that all MAC layer frames will be BLOCKED except those matching the MAC filter rules. The default MAC Filtering Global policy is
FORWARDED. It can be changed by clicking the Change Policy button.
Choose Add or Remove to configure MAC filtering rules. The following screen will appear when you click Add. Create a filter to identify the MAC layer frames by specifying at least one condition below. If multiple conditions are specified, all of them must be met. Click Save/Apply to save and activate the filter rule.
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Consult the table below for detailed field descriptions.
Field Description
Protocol Type PPPoE, IPv4, IPv6, AppleTalk, IPX, NetBEUI, IGMP
Destination MAC Address Defines the destination MAC address
Source MAC Address
Frame Direction
WAN Interfaces
Defines the source MAC address
Select the incoming/outgoing packet interface
Applies the filter to the selected bridge interface.
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5.6 Parental Control
This selection provides WAN access control functionality.
5.6.1 Time Restriction
This feature restricts access from a LAN device to an outside network through the device on selected days at certain times. Make sure to activate the Internet Time
server synchronization as described in section 8.4
match your local time.
Click Add to display the following screen.
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See below for field descriptions. Click Apply/Save to add a time restriction.
User Name: A user-defined label for this restriction.
Browser's MAC Address: MAC address of the PC running the browser.
Other MAC Address: MAC address of another LAN device.
Days of the Week: The days the restrictions apply.
Start Blocking Time: The time the restrictions start.
End Blocking Time: The time the restrictions end.
5.6.2 URL Filter
This screen allows for the creation of a filter rule for access rights to websites based on their URL address and port number.
Tick the Exclude radio button to deny access to the websites listed.
Tick the Include radio button to restrict access to only those listed websites.
Click Add to display the following screen.
Enter the URL address and port number then click Save/Apply to add the entry to the URL filter. URL Addresses begin with “www”, as shown in this example.
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A maximum of 100 entries can be added to the URL Filter list.
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5.7 Quality of Service (QoS)
NOTE: QoS must be enabled in at least one PVC to display this option.
for detailed PVC setup instructions).
To Enable QoS tick the checkbox and select a Default DSCP Mark.
Click Apply/Save to activate QoS.
QoS and DSCP Mark are defined as follows:
Quality of Service (QoS): This provides different priority to different users or data flows, or guarantees a certain level of performance to a data flow in accordance with requests from Queue Prioritization.
Default Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) Mark: This specifies the per hop behavior for a given flow of packets in the Internet Protocol (IP) header that do not match any other QoS rule.
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5.7.1 QoS Queue Setup
Configure queues with different priorities to be used for QoS setup.
In ATM mode, maximum 16 queues can be configured.
In PTM mode, maximum 8 queues can be configured.
For each Ethernet interface, maximum 3 queues can be configured.
To add a queue, click the Add button.
To remove queues, check their remove-checkboxes, then click the Remove button.
The Enable button will scan through every queues in the table. Queues with enable-checkbox checked will be enabled. Queues with enable-checkbox un-checked will be disabled.
The enable-checkbox also shows status of the queue after page reload.
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Note that if WMM function is disabled in Wireless Page, queues related to wireless will not take effect. This function follows the Differentiated Services rule of IP QoS.
You can create a new Queue entry by clicking the Add button.
Enable and assign an interface and precedence on the next screen. Click
Save/Reboot on this screen to activate it.
Click Add to display the following screen.
Name: Identifier for this Queue entry.
Enable: Enable/Disable the Queue entry.
Interface: Assign the entry to a specific network interface (QoS enabled).
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5.7.2 QoS Policer
To remove policers, check their remove-checkboxes, then click the Remove button.
The Enable button will scan through every policers in the table. Policers with enable-checkbox checked will be enabled. Policers with enable-checkbox un-checked will be disabled.
The enable-checkbox also shows status of the policer after page reload.
To add a policer, click the Add button.
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Field
Name
Enable
Meter Type
Committed Rate (kbps)
Committed Burst Size
(bytes)
Conforming Action
Nonconforming Action
Description
Name of this policer rule
Enable/Disable this policer rule
Meter type used for this policer rule
Defines the rate allowed for committed packets
Maximum amount of packets that can be processed by this policer
Defines action to be taken if packets match this policer
Defines actions to be taken if packets do not match this policer
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5.7.3 QoS Classification
The network traffic classes are listed in the following table.
Click Add to configure a network traffic class rule and Enable to activate it. To delete an entry from the list, click Remove.
This screen creates a traffic class rule to classify the upstream traffic, assign queuing priority and optionally overwrite the IP header DSCP byte. A rule consists of a class name and at least one logical condition. All the conditions specified in the rule must be satisfied for it to take effect.
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Field
Traffic Class Name
Description
Enter a name for the traffic class.
Rule Order
Rule Status
Classification Criteria
Last is the only option.
Disable or enable the rule.
Class Interface
Ether Type
Source MAC Address
Source MAC Mask
Destination MAC
Address
Destination MAC Mask This is the mask used to decide how many bits are checked in Destination MAC Address.
Classification Results
Specify Class Queue Packets classified into a queue that exit through an interface for which the queue is not specified to exist, will instead egress to the default queue on the interface.
Specify Class Policer
Select an interface (i.e. Local, eth0-4, wl0)
Set the Ethernet type (e.g. IP, ARP, IPv6).
A packet belongs to SET-1, if a binary-AND of its source
MAC address with the Source MAC Mask is equal to the binary-AND of the Source MAC Mask and this field.
This is the mask used to decide how many bits are checked in Source MAC Address.
A packet belongs to SET-1 then the result that the
Destination MAC Address of its header binary-AND to the
Destination MAC Mask must equal to the result that this field binary-AND to the Destination MAC Mask.
Mark Differentiated
Service Code Point
Mark 802.1p Priority
Set Rate Limit
Packets classified into a policer will be marked based on the conforming action of the policer
The selected Code Point gives the corresponding priority to packets that satisfy the rule.
Select between 0-7. Lower values have higher priority.
The data transmission rate limit in kbps.
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5.8 Routing
This following routing functions are accessed from this menu:
Default Gateway, Static Route, Policy Routing, RIP and IPv6 Static Route.
NOTE: In bridge mode, the RIP menu option is hidden while the other menu options are shown but ineffective.
5.8.1 Default Gateway
Default gateway interface list can have multiple WAN interfaces served as system default gateways but only one will be used according to the priority with the first being the highest and the last one the lowest priority if the WAN interface is connected. Priority order can be changed by removing all and adding them back in again.
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5.8.2 Static Route
This option allows for the configuration of static routes by destination IP.
Click Add to create a static route or click Remove to delete a static route.
After clicking Add the following screen will display.
IP Version: Select the IP version to be IPv4.
Destination IP address/prefix length: Enter the destination IP address.
Interface: select the proper interface for the rule.
Gateway IP Address: The next-hop IP address.
Metric: The metric value of routing.
After completing the settings, click Apply/Save to save and apply the settings.
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5.8.3 Policy Routing
This option allows for the configuration of static routes by policy.
Click Add to create a routing policy or Remove to delete one.
On the following screen, complete the form and click Save/Apply to create a policy.
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Field
Policy Name
Physical LAN Port
Source IP
Use Interface
Default Gateway IP
Description
Name of the route policy
Specify the port to use this route policy
IP Address to be routed
Interface that traffic will be directed to
IP Address of the default gateway
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5.8.4 RIP
To activate RIP, configure the RIP version/operation mode and select the Enabled checkbox for at least one WAN interface before clicking Save/Apply.
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5.9 DNS
5.9.1 DNS Server
Select DNS Server Interface from available WAN interfaces OR enter static DNS server IP addresses for the system. In ATM mode, if only a single PVC with IPoA or static IPoE protocol is configured, Static DNS server IP addresses must be inputted.
Click Apply/Save to save the new configuration.
NOTE: You must reboot the router to make the new configuration effective.
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5.9.2 Dynamic DNS
The Dynamic DNS service allows you to map a dynamic IP address to a static hostname in any of many domains, allowing the VR-3031u to be more easily accessed from various locations on the Internet.
To add a dynamic DNS service, click Add. The following screen will display.
Select DNS Server Interface from available WAN interfaces OR enter static DNS server IP addresses for the system. In ATM mode, if only a single PVC with IPoA or static IPoE protocol is configured, Static DNS server IP addresses must be entered.
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Consult the table below for field descriptions.
Field Description
D-DNS provider
Hostname
Interface
Username
Password
Select a dynamic DNS provider from the list
Enter the name of the dynamic DNS server
Select the interface from the list
Enter the username of the dynamic DNS server
Enter the password of the dynamic DNS server
5.10 DSL
The DSL Settings screen allows for the selection of DSL modulation modes.
For optimum performance, the modes selected should match those of your ISP.
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DSL Mode
G.Dmt
G.lite
T1.413
ADSL2
AnnexL
ADSL2+
AnnexM
VDSL2
Options
Inner/Outer Pair
Bitswap Enable
SRA Enable
G.997.1 EOC xTU-R
Serial Number
Profile Selection
Data Transmission Rate - Mbps (Megabits per second)
Downstream: 12 Mbps Upstream: 1.3 Mbps
Downstream: 4 Mbps Upstream: 0.5 Mbps
Downstream: 8 Mbps Upstream: 1.0 Mbps
Downstream: 12 Mbps Upstream: 1.0 Mbps
Supports longer loops but with reduced transmission rates
Downstream: 24 Mbps Upstream: 1.0 Mbps
Downstream: 24 Mbps Upstream: 3.5 Mbps
Downstream: 100 Mbps Upstream: 60 Mbps
Description
Select the inner or outer pins of the twisted pair (RJ11 cable)
Enables adaptive handshaking functionality
Enables Seamless Rate Adaptation (SRA)
This is an ID used to identify devices, and it can be found in embedded operations channel (EOC).
8a-d, 12a-b, 17a, US0
Advanced DSL Settings
Click Advanced Settings to reveal additional options. On the following screen you can select a test mode or modify tones by clilcking Tone Selection. Click Apply to implement these settings and return to the previous screen.
On this screen you select the tones you want activated, then click Apply and Close.
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5.11 UPnP
Select the checkbox provided and click Apply/Save to enable UPnP protocol.
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5.12 DNS Proxy/Relay
To enable DNS Proxy, select the corresponding checkbox and then enter Host and
Domain names, as the example shown below. Click Apply/Save to continue.
Enabling the DNS Relay function allows the cpe to relay public DNS servers received from WAN interface to DHCP clients. To enable DNS Relay Configuration, select the corresponding checkbox and Click Apply/Save to continue.
See below for further details.
The Host Name and Domain Name are combined to form a unique label that is mapped to the router IP address. This can be used to access the WUI with a local name rather than by using the router IP address. The figure below shows an example of this. In the browser address bar (circled in red) the prefix “http://" is added to the local name “Comtrend.Home” [Host.Domain] for WUI access.
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5.13 Print Server
The VR-3031u can provide printer support through an optional USB2.0 host port.
If your device has this port, refer to Appendix F - Printer Server for detailed setup
instructions.
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5.14 Interface Grouping
Interface Grouping supports multiple ports to PVC and bridging groups. Each group performs as an independent network. To use this feature, you must create mapping groups with appropriate LAN and WAN interfaces using the Add button.
The Remove button removes mapping groups, returning the ungrouped interfaces to the Default group. Only the default group has an IP interface.
To add an Interface Group, click the Add button. The following screen will appear.
It lists the available and grouped interfaces. Follow the instructions shown here.
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Automatically Add Clients With Following DHCP Vendor IDs:
Add support to automatically map LAN interfaces to PVC's using DHCP vendor ID
(option 60). The local DHCP server will decline and send the requests to a remote
DHCP server by mapping the appropriate LAN interface. This will be turned on when
Interface Grouping is enabled.
For example, imagine there are 4 PVCs (0/33, 0/36, 0/37, 0/38). VPI/VCI=0/33 is for PPPoE while the other PVCs are for IP set-top box (video). The LAN interfaces are
ENET1, ENET2, ENET3, and ENET4.
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The Interface Grouping configuration will be:
1. Default: ENET1, ENET2, ENET3, and ENET4.
2. Video: nas_0_36, nas_0_37, and nas_0_38. The DHCP vendor ID is "Video".
If the onboard DHCP server is running on "Default" and the remote DHCP server is running on PVC 0/36 (i.e. for set-top box use only). LAN side clients can get IP addresses from the CPE's DHCP server and access the Internet via PPPoE (0/33).
If a set-top box is connected to ENET1 and sends a DHCP request with vendor ID
"Video", the local DHCP server will forward this request to the remote DHCP server.
The Interface Grouping configuration will automatically change to the following:
1. Default: ENET2, ENET3, and ENET4.
2. Video: nas_0_36, nas_0_37, nas_0_38, and ENET1.
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5.15 IPSec
5.15.1 IPSec Tunnel Mode Connections
You can add, edit or remove IPSec tunnel mode connections from this page.
Click Add New Connection to add a new IPSec termination rule.
The following screen will display.
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IPSec Connection Name User-defined label
Tunnel Mode Select tunnel protocol, AH (Authentication
Header) or ESP (Encapsulating Security
Payload) for this tunnel.
Remote IPSec Gateway Address The location of the Remote IPSec Gateway. IP address or domain name can be used.
Tunnel access from local IP addresses
Specify the acceptable host IP on the local side. Choose Single or Subnet.
IP Address/Subnet Mask for VPN If you chose Single, please enter the host IP address for VPN. If you chose Subnet, please enter the subnet information for VPN.
Tunnel access from remote IP addresses
Key Exchange Method
Specify the acceptable host IP on the remote side. Choose Single or Subnet.
IP Address/Subnet Mask for VPN If you chose Single, please enter the host IP address for VPN. If you chose Subnet, please enter the subnet information for VPN.
Select from Auto(IKE) or Manual
For the Auto(IKE) key exchange method, select Pre-shared key or Certificate (X.509) authentication. For Pre-shared key authentication you must enter a key, while for
Certificate (X.509) authentication you must select a certificate from the list.
See the tables below for a summary of all available options.
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Auto(IKE) Key Exchange Method
Pre-Shared Key / Certificate (X.509) Input Pre-shared key / Choose Certificate
Perfect Forward Secrecy
Advanced IKE Settings
Enable or Disable
Select Show Advanced Settings to reveal the advanced settings options shown below.
Advanced IKE Settings
Phase 1 / Phase 2
Select Hide Advanced Settings to hide the advanced settings options shown above.
Choose settings for each phase, the available options are separated with a “/” character.
Main / Aggressive Mode
Encryption Algorithm
Integrity Algorithm
Select Diffie-Hellman Group
Key Life Time
DES / 3DES / AES 128,192,256
MD5 / SHA1
768 – 8192 bit
Enter your own or use the default (1 hour)
The Manual key exchange method options are summarized in the table below.
Manual Key Exchange Method
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Encryption Algorithm
Encryption Key
Authentication Algorithm
Authentication Key
SPI (default is 101)
DES / 3DES / AES (aes-cbc)
DES: 16 digit Hex, 3DES: 48 digit Hex
MD5 / SHA1
MD5: 32 digit Hex, SHA1: 40 digit Hex
Enter a Hex value from 100-FFFFFFFF
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5.16 Certificate
A certificate is a public key, attached with its owner’s information (company name, server name, personal real name, contact e-mail, postal address, etc) and digital signatures. There will be one or more digital signatures attached to the certificate, indicating that these entities have verified that this certificate is valid.
5.16.1 Local
CREATE CERTIFICATE REQUEST
Click Create Certificate Request to generate a certificate-signing request.
The certificate-signing request can be submitted to the vendor/ISP/ITSP to apply for a certificate. Some information must be included in the certificate-signing request.
Your vendor/ISP/ITSP will ask you to provide the information they require and to provide the information in the format they regulate. Enter the required information and click Apply to generate a private key and a certificate-signing request.
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The following table is provided for your reference.
Field Description
Certificate Name
Common Name
A user-defined name for the certificate.
Usually, the fully qualified domain name for the machine.
Organization Name The exact legal name of your organization.
Do not abbreviate.
State/Province Name The state or province where your organization is located.
It cannot be abbreviated.
Country/Region Name The two-letter ISO abbreviation for your country.
IMPORT CERTIFICATE
Click Import Certificate to paste the certificate content and the private key provided by your vendor/ISP/ITSP into the corresponding boxes shown below.
Enter a certificate name and click Apply to import the local certificate.
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5.16.2 Trusted CA
CA is an abbreviation for Certificate Authority, which is a part of the X.509 system.
It is itself a certificate, attached with the owner information of this certificate authority; but its purpose is not encryption/decryption. Its purpose is to sign and issue certificates, in order to prove that these certificates are valid.
Click Import Certificate to paste the certificate content of your trusted CA. The
CA certificate content will be provided by your vendor/ISP/ITSP and is used to authenticate the Auto-Configuration Server (ACS) that the CPE will connect to.
Enter a certificate name and click Apply to import the CA certificate.
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5.17 Power Management
This screen allows for control of hardware modules to evaluate power consumption.
Use the buttons to select the desired option, click Apply and check the response.
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5.18 Multicast
Input new IGMP or MLD protocol configuration fields if you want modify default values shown. Then click Apply/Save.
Field
Default Version
Query Interval
Description
Define IGMP using version with video server.
The query interval is the amount of time in seconds between IGMP General Query messages sent by the router (if the router is the querier on this subnet). The default query interval is 125 seconds.
Query Response Interval The query response interval is the maximum amount of time in seconds that the IGMP router waits to receive a response to a General Query message. The query response interval is the Maximum Response
Time field in the IGMP v2 Host Membership Query message header. The default query response interval is 10 seconds and must be less than the query interval.
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Field
Last Member Query
Interval
Robustness Value
Maximum Multicast
Groups
Maximum Multicast Data
Sources (for IGMPv3)
Maximum Multicast
Group Members
Fast Leave Enable
Description
The last member query interval is the amount of time in seconds that the IGMP router waits to receive a response to a Group-Specific Query message. The last member query interval is also the amount of time in seconds between successive Group-Specific Query messages. The default last member query interval is
10 seconds.
The robustness variable is a way of indicating how susceptible the subnet is to lost packets. IGMP can recover from robustness variable minus 1 lost IGMP packets. The robustness variable should be set to a value of 2 or greater. The default robustness variable value is 2.
Setting the maximum number of Multicast groups.
Define the maximum multicast video stream number.
LAN to LAN (Intra LAN)
Multicast Enable
Membership to join
Immediate (IPTV)
Setting the maximum number of groups that ports can accept.
When you enable IGMP fast-leave processing, the switch immediately removes a port when it detects an
IGMP version 2 leave message on that port.
This will activate IGMP snooping for cases where multicast data source and player are all located on the
LAN side.
Enable IGMP immediate join feature for multicast membership group.
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Chapter 6 Wireless
The Wireless menu provides access to the wireless options discussed below.
6.1 Basic
The Basic option allows you to configure basic features of the wireless LAN interface.
Among other things, you can enable or disable the wireless LAN interface, hide the network from active scans, set the wireless network name (also known as SSID) and restrict the channel set based on country requirements.
Click Save/Apply to apply the selected wireless options.
Consult the table below for descriptions of these options.
Option Description
Enable
Wireless
A checkbox that enables or disables the wireless LAN interface.
When selected, a set of basic wireless options will appear.
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Option
Hide Access
Point
Clients
Isolation
Description
Select Hide Access Point to protect the access point from detection by wireless active scans. To check AP status in Windows XP, open
Network Connections from the start Menu and select View
Available Network Connections. If the access point is hidden, it will not be listed there. To connect a client to a hidden access point, the station must add the access point manually to its wireless configuration.
When enabled, it prevents client PCs from seeing one another in My
Network Places or Network Neighborhood. Also, prevents one wireless client communicating with another wireless client.
Disable WMM
Advertise
Stops the router from ‘advertising’ its Wireless Multimedia (WMM) functionality, which provides basic quality of service for time-sensitive applications (e.g. VoIP, Video).
Select the checkbox to enable this function. Enable
Wireless
Multicast
Forwarding
SSID
[1-32 characters]
BSSID
Country
Sets the wireless network name. SSID stands for Service Set
Identifier. All stations must be configured with the correct SSID to access the WLAN. If the SSID does not match, that user will not be granted access.
The BSSID is a 48-bit identity used to identify a particular BSS
(Basic Service Set) within an area. In Infrastructure BSS networks, the BSSID is the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the AP (Access Point); and in Independent BSS or ad hoc networks, the BSSID is generated randomly.
A drop-down menu that permits worldwide and specific national settings. Local regulations limit channel range:
US= worldwide, Japan=1-14, Jordan= 10-13, Israel= 1-13
Max Clients The maximum number of clients that can access the router.
Wireless -
Guest /
Virtual
Access Points
This router supports multiple SSIDs called Guest SSIDs or Virtual
Access Points. To enable one or more Guest SSIDs select the checkboxes in the Enabled column. To hide a Guest SSID select its checkbox in the Hidden column.
Do the same for Isolate Clients and Disable WMM Advertise.
For a description of these two functions, see the previous entries for
“Clients Isolation” and “Disable WMM Advertise”. Similarly, for
Enable WMF, Max Clients and BSSID, consult the matching entries in this table.
NOTE: Remote wireless hosts cannot scan Guest SSIDs.
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6.2 Security
The following screen appears when Wireless Security is selected. The options shown here allow you to configure security features of the wireless LAN interface.
Click Apply/Save to implement new configuration settings.
WIRELESS SECURITY
Setup requires that the user configure these settings using the Web User Interface
(see the table below).
Select SSID
Select the wireless network name from the drop-down box. SSID stands for Service
Set Identifier. All stations must be configured with the correct SSID to access the
WLAN. If the SSID does not match, that client will not be granted access.
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Network Authentication
This option specifies whether a network key is used for authentication to the wireless network. If network authentication is set to Open, then no authentication is provided. Despite this, the identity of the client is still verified.
Each authentication type has its own settings. For example, selecting 802.1X authentication will reveal the RADIUS Server IP address, Port and Key fields. WEP
Encryption will also be enabled as shown below.
The settings for WPA authentication are shown below.
The settings for WPA2/WPA-PSK authentication are shown next.
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WPA/WAPI passphrase:
WPA-PSK uses a simple and consistent method to secure your network using a passphrase (also referred to as a shared secret) that needs to be inputted in both the wireless access point/router and the WPA clients. The shared secret can consist of between 8 and 63 characters and can include spaces. It should consist of a random sequence of letters (upper and lowercase and punctuation) at least 20 characters long or hexadecimal digits (numbers 0-9 and letters A-F) at least 24 hexadecimal digits long. The more varied your WPA preshared key, the safer it is to utilize.
WPA Group Rekey Interval:
WPA-PSK is an encryption method where the encryption keys are automatically changed (called rekeying) and after a specified amount of time are authenticated between devices, or after a stated number of packets has been transmitted (which is referred to as the rekey interval. The Default is “0”.
WPA/WAPI Encryption:
Select the encryption algorithm you want to use: AES or TKIP+AES.
WEP Encryption
This option specifies whether data sent over the network is encrypted. The same network key is used for data encryption and network authentication. Four network keys can be defined although only one can be used at any one time. Use the Current
Network Key list box to select the appropriate network key.
Security options include authentication and encryption services based on the wired equivalent privacy (WEP) algorithm. WEP is a set of security services used to protect 802.11 networks from unauthorized access, such as eavesdropping; in this case, the capture of wireless network traffic.
When data encryption is enabled, secret shared encryption keys are generated and used by the source station and the destination station to alter frame bits, thus avoiding disclosure to eavesdroppers.
Under shared key authentication, each wireless station is assumed to have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the 802.11 wireless network communications channel.
Encryption Strength
This drop-down list box will display when WEP Encryption is enabled. The key strength is proportional to the number of binary bits comprising the key. This means that keys with a greater number of bits have a greater degree of security and are considerably more difficult to crack. Encryption strength can be set to either
64-bit or 128-bit. A 64-bit key is equivalent to 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal numbers. A 128-bit key contains 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal numbers. Each key contains a 24-bit header (an initiation vector) which enables parallel decoding of multiple streams of encrypted data.
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6.3 MAC Filter
This option allows access to the router to be restricted based upon MAC addresses.
To add a MAC Address filter, click the Add button shown below. To delete a filter, select it from the MAC Address table below and click the Remove button.
Option Description
Select
SSID
MAC
Restrict
Mode
Select the wireless network name from the drop-down box. SSID stands for Service Set Identifier. All stations must be configured with the correct
SSID to access the WLAN. If the SSID does not match, that user will not be granted access.
Disabled: MAC filtering is disabled.
Allow: Permits access for the specified MAC addresses.
Deny: Rejects access for the specified MAC addresses.
MAC
Address
Lists the MAC addresses subject to the MAC Restrict Mode. A maximum of 60 MAC addresses can be added. Every network device has a unique
48-bit MAC address. This is usually shown as xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx, where xx are hexadecimal numbers.
After clicking the Add button, the following screen appears.
Enter the MAC address in the box provided and click Save/Apply.
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6.4 Wireless Bridge
This screen allows for the configuration of wireless bridge features of the WLAN interface. See the table beneath for detailed explanations of the various options.
Click Save/Apply to implement new configuration settings.
Feature Description
AP Mode Selecting Wireless Bridge (aka Wireless Distribution System) disables Access Point (AP) functionality, while selecting Access
Point enables AP functionality. In Access Point mode, wireless bridge functionality will still be available and wireless stations will be able to associate to the AP.
Bridge Restrict Selecting Disabled disables wireless bridge restriction, which means that any wireless bridge will be granted access.
Selecting Enabled or Enabled (Scan) enables wireless bridge restriction. Only those bridges selected in the Remote Bridges list will be granted access. Click Refresh to update the station list when Bridge Restrict is enabled.
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6.5 Advanced
The Advanced screen allows you to configure advanced features of the wireless LAN interface. You can select a particular channel on which to operate, force the transmission rate to a particular speed, set the fragmentation threshold, set the RTS threshold, set the wakeup interval for clients in power-save mode, set the beacon interval for the access point, set XPress mode and set whether short or long preambles are used. Click Save/Apply to set new advanced wireless options.
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Field
Band
Description
Set to 2.4 GHz for compatibility with IEEE 802.11x standards. The new amendment allows IEEE 802.11n units to fall back to slower speeds so that legacy IEEE
802.11x devices can coexist in the same network. IEEE
802.11g creates data-rate parity at 2.4 GHz with the IEEE
802.11a standard, which has a 54 Mbps rate at 5 GHz.
(IEEE 802.11a has other differences compared to IEEE
802.11b or g, such as offering more channels.)
Channel
Support 802.11n
Client Only
RIFS Advertisement
Drop-down menu that allows selection of a specific channel.
Auto channel scan timer in minutes (0 to disable) Auto Channel Timer
(min)
802.11n/EWC
Bandwidth
Control Sideband
802.11n Rate
802.11n Protection
OBSS Co-Existence
An equipment interoperability standard setting based on
IEEE 802.11n Draft 2.0 and Enhanced Wireless
Consortium (EWC)
Select 20GHz or 40GHz bandwidth. 40GHz bandwidth uses two adjacent 20GHz bands for increased data throughput.
Select Upper or Lower sideband when in 40GHz mode.
Set the physical transmission rate (PHY).
Turn Off for maximized throughput.
Turn On for greater security.
Turn Off to allow 802.11b/g clients access to the router.
Turn On to prohibit 802.11b/g clients access to the router.
Reduced Interframe Space is the creation of a short time delay between PDUs to improve wireless efficiency.
Co-existence between 20 MHZ AND 40 MHZ overlapping
Basic Service Set (OBSS) in WLAN.
RX Chain Power Save Enabling this feature turns off one of the Receive chains, going from 2x2 to 2x1 to save power.
RX Chain Power Save
Quiet Time
The number of seconds the traffic must be below the PPS value below before the Rx Chain Power Save feature activates itself.
RX Chain Power Save
PPS
54g Rate
Multicast Rate
The maximum number of packets per seconds that can be processed by the WLAN interface for a duration of Quiet
Time, described above, before the Rx Chain Power Save feature activates itself.
Drop-down menu that specifies the following fixed rates:
Auto: Default. Uses the 11 Mbps data rate when possible but drops to lower rates when necessary. 1 Mbps, 2Mbps,
5.5Mbps, or 11Mbps fixed rates. The appropriate setting is dependent on signal strength.
Setting for multicast packet transmit rate (1-54 Mbps)
Basic Rate Setting for basic transmission rate.
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Field
Fragmentation
Threshold
RTS Threshold
DTIM Interval
Beacon Interval
Global Max Clients
Xpress TM Technology
Transmit Power
WMM (Wi-Fi
Multimedia)
WMM No
Acknowledgement
WMM APSD
Description
A threshold, specified in bytes, that determines whether packets will be fragmented and at what size. On an
802.11 WLAN, packets that exceed the fragmentation threshold are fragmented, i.e., split into, smaller units suitable for the circuit size. Packets smaller than the specified fragmentation threshold value are not fragmented. Enter a value between 256 and 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate, try to slightly increase your Fragmentation Threshold. The value should remain at its default setting of 2346. Setting the Fragmentation
Threshold too low may result in poor performance.
Request to Send, when set in bytes, specifies the packet size beyond which the WLAN Card invokes its RTS/CTS mechanism. Packets that exceed the specified RTS threshold trigger the RTS/CTS mechanism. The NIC transmits smaller packet without using RTS/CTS. The default setting of 2347 (maximum length) disables RTS
Threshold.
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is also known as Beacon Rate. The entry range is a value between 1 and 65535. A DTIM is a countdown variable that informs clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and multicast messages. When the AP has buffered broadcast or multicast messages for associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. AP
Clients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicast messages. The default is 1.
The amount of time between beacon transmissions in milliseconds. The default is 100 ms and the acceptable range is 1 – 65535. The beacon transmissions identify the presence of an access point. By default, network devices passively scan all RF channels listening for beacons coming from access points. Before a station enters power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to wake up to receive the beacon
(and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access point).
The maximum number of clients that can connect to the router.
Xpress Technology is compliant with draft specifications of two planned wireless industry standards.
Set the power output (by percentage) as desired.
The technology maintains the priority of audio, video and voice applications in a Wi-Fi network. It allows multimedia service get higher priority.
Refers to the acknowledge policy used at the MAC level.
Enabling no Acknowledgement can result in more efficient throughput but higher error rates in a noisy Radio
Frequency (RF) environment.
This is Automatic Power Save Delivery. It saves power.
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6.6 Site Survey
The graph displays wireless APs found in your neighborhood by channel.
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6.7 Station Info
This page shows authenticated wireless stations and their status. Click the Refresh button to update the list of stations in the WLAN.
Consult the table below for descriptions of each column heading.
Heading Description
MAC Lists the MAC address of all the stations.
Associated Lists all the stations that are associated with the Access
Point, along with the amount of time since packets were transferred to and from each station. If a station is idle for too long, it is removed from this list.
Authorized Lists those devices with authorized access.
SSID Lists which SSID of the modem that the stations connect to.
Interface Lists which interface of the modem that the stations connect to.
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Chapter 7 Diagnostics
The first Diagnostics screen is a dashboard that shows overall connection status.
If a test displays a fail status, click the button to retest and confirm the error.
If a test continues to fail, click Help and follow the troubleshooting procedures.
The second Diagnostics screen (Fault Management) is used for VDSL diagnostics.
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Chapter 8 Management
The Management menu has the following maintenance functions and processes:
8.1 Settings
This includes Backup Settings , Update Settings
, and Restore Default screens.
8.1.1 Backup Settings
To save the current configuration to a file on your PC, click Backup Settings. You will be prompted for backup file location. This file can later be used to recover settings on the Update Settings screen, as described below.
8.1.2 Update Settings
This option recovers configuration files previously saved using Backup Settings.
Enter the file name (including folder path) in the Settings File Name box, or press
Browse… to search for the file, then click Update Settings to recover settings.
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8.1.3 Restore Default
Click Restore Default Settings to restore factory default settings.
After Restore Default Settings is clicked, the following screen appears.
Close the browser and wait for 2 minutes before reopening it. It may also be necessary, to reconfigure your PC IP configuration to match any new settings.
NOTE: This entry has the same effect as the Reset button. The VR-3031u board hardware and the boot loader support the reset to default. If the Reset button is continuously pressed for more than 5 seconds, the boot loader will erase the configuration data saved in flash memory.
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8.2 System Log
This function allows a system log to be kept and viewed upon request.
Follow the steps below to configure, enable, and view the system log.
STEP 1: Click Configure System Log, as shown below (circled in Red ).
STEP 2: Select desired options and click Apply/Save.
Consult the table below for detailed descriptions of each system log option.
Option Description
Log Indicates whether the system is currently recording events. The user can enable or disable event logging. By default, it is disabled. To enable it, select the Enable radio button and then click Apply/Save.
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Option Description
Log
Level
Allows you to configure the event level and filter out unwanted events below this level. The events ranging from the highest critical level
“Emergency” down to this configured level will be recorded to the log buffer on the VR-3031u SDRAM. When the log buffer is full, the newer event will wrap up to the top of the log buffer and overwrite the old event.
By default, the log level is “Debugging”, which is the lowest critical level.
The log levels are defined as follows:
• Emergency = system is unusable
• Alert = action must be taken immediately
• Critical = critical conditions
• Error = Error conditions
• Warning = normal but significant condition
• Notice= normal but insignificant condition
• Informational= provides information for reference
• Debugging = debug-level messages
Emergency is the most serious event level, whereas Debugging is the least important. For instance, if the log level is set to Debugging, all the events from the lowest Debugging level to the most critical level
Emergency level will be recorded. If the log level is set to Error, only
Error and the level above will be logged.
Display
Level
Allows the user to select the logged events and displays on the View
System Log window for events of this level and above to the highest
Emergency level.
Mode Allows you to specify whether events should be stored in the local memory, or be sent to a remote system log server, or both simultaneously. If remote mode is selected, view system log will not be able to display events saved in the remote system log server.
When either Remote mode or Both mode is configured, the WEB UI will prompt the user to enter the Server IP address and Server UDP port.
STEP 3: Click View System Log. The results are displayed as follows.
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8.3 TR-069 Client
WAN Management Protocol (TR-069) allows an Auto-Configuration Server (ACS) to perform auto-configuration, provision, collection, and diagnostics to this device.
Select desired values and click Apply/Save to configure TR-069 client options.
The table below is provided for ease of reference.
Option Description
Inform
Inform Interval
Disable/Enable TR-069 client on the CPE.
The duration in seconds of the interval for which the CPE
MUST attempt to connect with the ACS and call the Inform method.
ACS URL URL for the CPE to connect to the ACS using the CPE WAN
Management Protocol. This parameter MUST be in the form of a valid HTTP or HTTPS URL. An HTTPS URL indicates that the ACS supports SSL. The “host” portion of this URL is used by the CPE for validating the certificate from the ACS when using certificate-based authentication.
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Option
ACS User Name
ACS Password
WAN Interface used by TR-069 client
Display SOAP messages on serial console
Description
Username used to authenticate the CPE when making a connection to the ACS using the CPE WAN Management
Protocol. This username is used only for HTTP-based authentication of the CPE.
Password used to authenticate the CPE when making a connection to the ACS using the CPE WAN Management
Protocol. This password is used only for HTTP-based authentication of the CPE.
Choose Any_WAN, LAN, Loopback or a configured connection.
Enable/Disable SOAP messages on serial console. This option is used for advanced troubleshooting of the device.
Connection Request
Authorization Tick the checkbox to enable.
User Name Username used to authenticate an ACS making a
Connection Request to the CPE.
Password Password used to authenticate an ACS making a
Connection Request to the CPE.
URL IP address and port the ACS uses to connect to VR-3031u.
The Get RPC Methods button forces the CPE to establish an immediate connection to the ACS. This may be used to discover the set of methods supported by the ACS or CPE. This list may include both standard TR-069 methods (those defined in this specification or a subsequent version) and vendor-specific methods. The receiver of the response MUST ignore any unrecognized methods.
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8.4 Internet Time
This option automatically synchronizes the router time with Internet timeservers.
To enable time synchronization, tick the corresponding checkbox , choose your preferred time server(s), select the correct time zone offset, and click Save/Apply.
NOTE: Internet Time must be activated to use
In addition, this menu item is not displayed when in Bridge mode since the router would not be able to connect to the NTP timeserver.
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8.5 Access Control
8.5.1 Passwords
This screen is used to configure the user account access passwords for the device.
Access to the VR-3031u is controlled through the following three user accounts:
• root - unrestricted access to change and view the configuration.
• support - used for remote maintenance and diagnostics of the router
• user - can view configuration settings & statistics and update firmware.
Use the fields below to change password settings. Click Save/Apply to continue.
NOTE: Passwords can be up to 16 characters in length.
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8.5.2 Services
Select each drop-down menu item and click Apply/Save to configure your Setting.
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8.5.3 IP Address
The IP Address Access Control mode, if enabled, permits access to local management services from IP addresses contained in the Access Control List. If the
Access Control mode is disabled, the system will not validate IP addresses for incoming packets. The services are the system applications listed in the Service
Control List beside ICMP
Click the Add button to display the following.
Input the IP address of the management station permitted to access the local management services, and click the Save/Apply button.
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8.6 Update Software
This option allows for firmware upgrades from a locally stored file.
STEP 1: Obtain an updated software image file from your ISP.
STEP 2: Enter the path and filename of the firmware image file in the Software
File Name field or click the Browse button to locate the image file.
STEP 3: Click the Update Software button once to upload and install the file.
NOTE: The update process will take about 2 minutes to complete. The device will reboot and the browser window will refresh to the default screen upon successful installation. It is recommended that you compare the
Software Version on the Device Information screen with the firmware
version installed, to confirm the installation was successful.
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8.7 Reboot
To save the current configuration and reboot the router, click Save/Reboot.
NOTE: You may need to close the browser window and wait for 2 minutes before reopening it. It may also be necessary, to reset your PC IP configuration.
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Appendix A - Firewall
STATEFUL PACKET INSPECTION
Refers to an architecture, where the firewall keeps track of packets on each connection traversing all its interfaces and makes sure they are valid. This is in contrast to static packet filtering which only examines a packet based on the information in the packet header.
DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK
Is an incident in which a user or organization is deprived of the services of a resource they would normally expect to have. Various DoS attacks the device can withstand are ARP Attack, Ping Attack, Ping of Death, Land, SYN Attack, Smurf
Attack, and Tear Drop.
TCP/IP/PORT/INTERFACE FILTER
These rules help in the filtering of traffic at the Network layer (i.e. Layer 3).
When a Routing interface is created, Enable Firewall must be checked.
Navigate to Advanced Setup Security IP Filtering.
OUTGOING IP FILTER
Helps in setting rules to DROP packets from the LAN interface. By default, if the
Firewall is Enabled, all IP traffic from the LAN is allowed. By setting up one or more filters, specific packet types coming from the LAN can be dropped.
Example 1: Filter Name
Protocol
: Out_Filter1
: TCP
Source IP address : 192.168.1.45
Source Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
Source Port
Dest. IP Address
: 80
: NA
Dest. Subnet Mask
Dest. Port
: NA
: NA
This filter will Drop all TCP packets coming from the LAN with IP
Address/Subnet Mask of 192.168.1.45/24 having a source port of 80 irrespective of the destination. All other packets will be Accepted.
Example 2: Filter Name
Protocol
: Out_Filter2
: UDP
Source IP Address : 192.168.1.45
Source Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
Source Port
Dest. IP Address
Dest. Subnet Mask
: 5060:6060
: 172.16.13.4
: 255.255.255.0
Dest. Port : 6060:7070
This filter will drop all UDP packets coming from the LAN with IP Address /
Subnet Mask of 192.168.1.45/24 and a source port range of 5060 to 6060, destined to 172.16.13.4/24 and a destination port range of 6060 to 7070.
INCOMING IP FILTER
Helps in setting rules to Allow or Deny packets from the WAN interface. By default, all incoming IP traffic from the WAN is Blocked, if the Firewall is Enabled. By setting up one or more filters, specific packet types coming from the WAN can be Accepted.
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Example 1: Filter Name
Protocol
: In_Filter1
: TCP
Policy
Source IP Address
: Allow
: 210.168.219.45
Source Subnet Mask : 255.255.0.0
Source Port : 80
Dest. IP Address
Dest. Subnet Mask
: NA
: NA
Dest. Port : NA
Selected WAN interface : br0
This filter will ACCEPT all TCP packets coming from WAN interface “br0” with IP
Address/Subnet Mask 210.168.219.45/16 with a source port of 80, irrespective of the destination. All other incoming packets on this interface are DROPPED.
Example 2: Filter Name
Protocol
Policy
Source IP Address
: In_Filter2
: UDP
: Allow
: 210.168.219.45
Source Subnet Mask : 255.255.0.0
Source Port
Dest. IP Address
Dest. Sub. Mask
Dest. Port
: 5060:6060
: 192.168.1.45
: 255.255.255.0
: 6060:7070
Selected WAN interface : br0
This rule will ACCEPT all UDP packets coming from WAN interface “br0” with IP
Address/Subnet Mask 210.168.219.45/16 and a source port in the range of
5060 to 6060, destined to 192.168.1.45/24 and a destination port in the range of 6060 to 7070. All other incoming packets on this interface are DROPPED.
MAC LAYER FILTER
These rules help in the filtering of Layer 2 traffic. MAC Filtering is only effective in
Bridge mode. After a Bridge mode connection is created, navigate to Advanced
Setup Security MAC Filtering in the WUI.
Example 1: Global Policy : Forwarded
Protocol Type
Dest. MAC Address
: PPPoE
: 00:12:34:56:78:90
Source MAC Address : NA
Src. Interface : eth1
Dest. Interface : eth2
Addition of this rule drops all PPPoE frames going from eth1 to eth2 with a
Destination MAC Address of 00:12:34:56:78:90 irrespective of its Source MAC
Address. All other frames on this interface are forwarded.
Example 2: Global Policy
Protocol Type
: Blocked
: PPPoE
Dest. MAC Address : 00:12:34:56:78:90
Source MAC Address : 00:34:12:78:90:56
Src. Interface
Dest. Interface
: eth1
: eth2
Addition of this rule forwards all PPPoE frames going from eth1 to eth2 with a
Destination MAC Address of 00:12:34:56:78 and Source MAC Address of
00:34:12:78:90:56. All other frames on this interface are dropped.
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DAYTIME PARENTAL CONTROL
This feature restricts access of a selected LAN device to an outside Network through the VR-3031u, as per chosen days of the week and the chosen times.
Example: User Name : FilterJohn
Browser's MAC Address : 00:25:46:78:63:21
Days of the Week
Start Blocking Time
End Blocking Time
: Mon, Wed, Fri
: 14:00
: 18:00
With this rule, a LAN device with MAC Address of 00:25:46:78:63:21 will have no access to the WAN on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 2pm to 6pm.
On all other days and times, this device will have access to the outside
Network.
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Appendix B - Pin Assignments
Pin
1
2
3
4
ETHERNET Ports (RJ45)
Definition Pin Definition
Transmit data+
Transmit data-
5
6
NC
Receive data-
Receive data+
NC
7
8
NC
NC
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Appendix C - Specifications
Hardware Interface
RJ-11 X 1 for ADSL2+/VDSL2, RJ-45 X 4 for LAN (10/100 Base-T), Reset
Button X 1, WPS/WiFi on/off button x1, Wi-Fi Antennas X 2, Power Switch X
1, USB Host
WAN Interface
ADSL2+ .......Downstream : 24 Mbps Upstream : 1.3 Mbps
ITU-T G.992.5, ITU-T G.992.3, ITU-T G.992.1, ANSI T1.413 Issue 2, AnnexM
VDSL2 .........Downstream : 100 Mbps Upstream : 60 Mbps
ITU-T G.993.2 (supporting profile 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 12a, 12b, 17a)
LAN Interface
Standard ......................IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u
10/100 BaseT ...............Auto-sense
MDI/MDX support ..........Yes
WLAN Interface
Standard ....................IEEE802.11b/g/n
Encryption ....................64/128-bit Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Channels ......................11 (US, Canada)/ 13 (Europe)/ 14 (Japan)
Data Rate .....................Up to 300Mbps
WEP ............................Yes
WPA ............................Yes
IEEE 802.1x .................Yes
MAC Filtering ................Yes
ATM Attributes
RFC 2684 (RFC 1483) Bridge/Route; RFC 2516 (PPPoE);
RFC 2364 (PPPoA); RFC 1577 (IPoA)
PVCs ..........................16
AAL type ......................AAL5
ATM service class ..........UBR/CBR/VBR
ATM UNI support ...........UNI 3.1/4.0
OAM F4/F5 ...................Yes
PTM Attributes
ATM Adaptation Layer: Ethernet packet format,
Support 8 flows,
Support preemption and dual latency,
Support PTM shaping
Management
Compliant with TR-069/TR-098/TR-104/TR-111 remote management protocols, Telnet, Web-based management, Configuration backup and restoration, Software upgrade via HTTP / TFTP / FTP server
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Bridge Functions
Transparent bridging and learning ............IEEE 802.1d
VLAN support ........................................Yes
Spanning Tree Algorithm .........................Yes
IGMP Proxy ...........................................Yes
Routing Functions
Static route, RIP v1/v2, NAT/PAT, DMZ, DHCP Server/Relay, DNS Proxy, ARP,
Security Functions
Authentication protocols : PAP, CHAP
TCP/IP/Port filtering rules, Port Triggering/Forwarding, Packet and MAC address filtering, Access Control, DoS Protection, SSH
QoS ................................................. L3 policy-based QoS, IP QoS, ToS
Application Passthrough
PPTP, L2TP, IPSec, VoIP, Yahoo messenger, ICQ, RealPlayer, NetMeeting, MSN, X-box
Power Supply ................................................Input: 100 - 240 Vac
Output: 12 Vdc / 1.0 A
Environment Condition
Operating temperature ...........................0 ~ 40 degrees Celsius
Relative humidity ...................................5 ~ 95% (non-condensing)
Dimensions ..................................... 171 mm (W) x 39 mm (H) x 122 mm (D)
Kit Weight
(1*VR-3031u, 1*RJ11 cable, 1*RJ45 cable, 1*power adapter) = 0.6 kg
NOTE: Specifications are subject to change without notice
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Appendix D - SSH Client
Unlike Microsoft Windows, Linux OS has a ssh client included. For Windows users, there is a public domain one called “putty” that can be downloaded from here: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html
To access the ssh client you must first enable SSH access for the LAN or WAN from the Management Access Control Services menu in the web user interface.
To access the router using the Linux ssh client
For LAN access, type: ssh -l root 192.168.1.1
For WAN access, type: ssh -l support WAN IP address
To access the router using the Windows “putty” ssh client
For LAN access, type: putty -ssh -l root 192.168.1.1
For WAN access, type: putty -ssh -l support WAN IP address
NOTE: The WAN IP address can be found on the Device Info WAN screen
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Appendix E - WSC External Registrar
Follow these steps to add an external registrar using the web user interface (WUI) on a personal computer running the Windows Vista operating system:
Step 1: Enable UPnP on the Advanced Setup LAN screen in the WUI.
NOTE: A PVC must exist to see this option.
Step 2: Open the Network folder and look for the BroadcomAP icon.
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Step 3: On the Wireless Security screen, enable WSC by selecting Enabled from the drop down list box and set the WSC AP Mode to Unconfigured.
128
Step 4: Click the Apply/Save button at the bottom of the screen. The screen will go blank while the router applies the new Wireless settings.
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Step 5: Now return to the Network folder and click the BroadcomAP icon. A dialog box will appear asking for the Device PIN number. Enter the
Device PIN as shown on the Wireless Security screen. Click Next.
Step 6: Windows Vista will attempt to configure the wireless security settings.
Step 7: If successful, the security settings will match those in Windows Vista.
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Appendix F - Printer Server
These steps explain the procedure for enabling the Printer Server.
NOTE : This function only applies to models with an USB host port.
STEP 1: Enable Print Server from Web User Interface. Select Enable on-board print server checkbox and enter Printer name and Make and model
NOTE: The Printer name can be any text string up to 40 characters.
The Make and model can be any text string up to 128 characters.
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STEP 2: Go to the Printers and Faxes application in the Control Panel and select the Add a printer function (as located on the side menu below).
STEP 3: Click Next to continue when you see the dialog box below.
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STEP 4: Select Network Printer and click Next.
STEP 5: Select Connect to a printer on the Internet and enter your printer link.
(e.g. http://192.168.1.1:631/printers/hp3845) and click Next.
NOTE: The printer name must be the same name entered in the ADSL modem
WEB UI “printer server setting” as in step 1.
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STEP 6: Click Have Disk and insert the printer driver CD.
STEP 7: Select driver file directory on CD-ROM and click OK.
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STEP 8: Once the printer name appears, click OK.
STEP 9: Choose Yes or No for default printer setting and click Next.
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STEP 10: Click Finish.
136
STEP 11: Check the status of printer from Windows Control Panel, printer window.
Status should show as Ready.
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Appendix G - Connection Setup
Creating a WAN connection is a two-stage process.
1 - Setup a Layer 2 Interface (ATM, PTM or Ethernet).
2 - Add a WAN connection to the Layer 2 Interface.
The following sections describe each stage in turn.
G1 ~ Layer 2 Interfaces
Every layer2 interface operates in one of three modes: Default, VLAN Mux or MSC.
A short introduction to each of these three modes is included below for reference.
It is important to understand the differences between these connection modes, as they determine the number and types of connections that may be configured.
VLAN MUX MODE
Multi-Service Connection (VLAN MUX) mode supports multiple connections over a single interface. Note that PPPoA and IPoA connection types are not supported, while Bridging is unavailable for Ethernet WAN interfaces. After adding WAN connections to an interface, you must also create an Interface Group to connect
LAN/WAN interfaces (see G3 ~ More About VLAN MUX Mode ).
G1.1 ATM Interfaces
Follow these procedures to configure an ATM interface.
NOTE: The VR-3031u supports up to 16 ATM interfaces.
STEP 1: Go to Advanced Setup Layer2 Interface ATM Interface.
This table is provided here for ease of reference.
Heading Description
Interface
VPI
VCI
WAN interface name.
ATM VPI (0-255)
ATM VCI (32-65535)
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Heading
DSL Latency
Category
Peak Cell Rate
Description
{Path0} portID = 0
{Path1} port ID = 1
{Path0&1} port ID = 4
ATM service category
Maximum allowed traffic rate for the ATM PCR service connection
The average allowable, long-term cell transfer rate on the VBR service connection
Sustainable Cell
Rate
Max Burst Size
Link Type
Connection Mode
The maximum allowable burst size of cells that can be transmitted contiguously on the VBR service connection
Choose EoA (for PPPoE, IPoE, and Bridge), PPPoA, or IPoA.
Default Mode – Single service over one connection
Vlan Mux Mode – Multiple Vlan service over one connection
MSC Mode – Multiple Service over one Connection
Quality of Service (QoS) status IP QoS
MPAAL QoS Scheduler algorithm and queue weight defined for the connection
Remove Select items for removal
STEP 2: Click Add to proceed to the next screen.
NOTE: To add WAN connections to one interface type, you must delete existing connections from the other interface type using the remove button.
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There are many settings here including: VPI/VCI, DSL Latency, DSL Link Type,
Encapsulation Mode, Service Category, Connection Mode and Quality of Service.
Here are the available encapsulations for each xDSL Link Type:
EoA- LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING, VC/MUX
PPPoA- VC/MUX, LLC/ENCAPSULATION
IPoA- LLC/SNAP-ROUTING, VC MUX
STEP 3: Click Apply/Save to confirm your choices.
On the next screen, check that the ATM interface is added to the list. For example, an ATM interface on PVC 0/35 in Default Mode with an EoA Link type is shown below.
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To add a WAN connection go to section G2 ~
WAN Connections.
G1.2 PTM Interfaces
Follow these procedures to configure a PTM interface.
NOTE: The VR-3031u supports up to four PTM interfaces.
STEP 4: Go to Advanced Setup Layer2 Interface PTM Interface.
This table is provided here for ease of reference.
Heading Description
Interface
DSL Latency
WAN interface name.
{Path0} portID = 0
{Path1} port ID = 1
{Path0&1} port ID = 4
PTM Priority
Connection Mode
Normal or High Priority (Preemption).
Default Mode – Single service over one interface.
Vlan Mux Mode – Multiple Vlan services over one interface.
MSC Mode – Multiple Services over one interface.
Quality of Service (QoS) status. QoS
Remove Select interfaces to remove.
STEP 5: Click Add to proceed to the next screen.
NOTE: To add WAN connections to one interface type, you must delete existing connections from the other interface type using the remove button.
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There are many settings that can be configured here including:
DSL Latency, PTM Priority, Connection Mode and Quality of Service.
STEP 6: Click Apply/Save to confirm your choices.
On the next screen, check that the PTM interface is added to the list.
For example, an PTM interface in Default Mode is shown below.
To add a WAN connection go to section G2 ~
WAN Connections.
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G1.3 Ethernet WAN Interface
Some models of the VR-3031u support a single Ethernet WAN interface over the ETH
WAN port. Follow these procedures to configure an Ethernet WAN interface.
NOTE: To add WAN connections to one interface type, you must delete existing connections from the other interface type using the remove button.
STEP 1: Go to Advanced Setup Layer2 Interface ETH Interface.
This table is provided here for ease of reference.
Heading Description
Interface/
(Name)
ETH WAN Interface
Connection
Mode
Default Mode – Single service over one connection
Vlan Mux Mode – Multiple Vlan service over one connection
MSC Mode – Multiple Service over one Connection
Remove Select the checkbox and click Remove to remove the connection.
STEP 2: Click Add to proceed to the next screen.
STEP 3: STEP 4: Click Apply/Save to confirm your choice.
The figure below shows an Ethernet WAN interface configured in VlanMuxMode.
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To add a WAN connection go to section G2 ~
WAN Connections.
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G2 ~ WAN Connections
In Default Mode, the VR-3031u supports one WAN connection for each interface, up to a maximum of 8 connections. VLAN Mux and MSC support up to 16 connections.
To setup a WAN connection follow these instructions.
STEP 1: Go to the Advanced Setup WAN Service screen.
STEP 2: Click Add to create a WAN connection. The following screen will display.
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STEP 3: Choose a layer 2 interface from the drop-down box and click Next.
The WAN Service Configuration screen will display as shown below.
NOTE: The WAN services shown here are those supported by the layer 2 interface you selected in the previous step. If you wish to change your selection click the Back button and select a different layer 2 interface.
STEP 4: For VLAN Mux Connections only, you must enter Priority & VLAN ID tags.
STEP 5: You will now follow the instructions specific to the WAN service type you wish to establish. This list should help you locate the correct procedure:
(1) For PPP over ETHERNET (PPPoE), go to page 147.
(2) For IP over ETHERNET (IPoE), go to page 153.
(3) For Bridging , go to page 159.
(4) For PPP over ATM (PPPoA), go to page 161.
(5) For IP over ATM (IPoA), go to page 166.
The subsections that follow continue the WAN service setup procedure.
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G2.1 PPP over ETHERNET (PPPoE)
STEP 1: Select the PPP over Ethernet radio button and click Next. You can also enable IPv6 by ticking the checkbox at the bottom of this screen.
STEP 2: On the next screen, enter the PPP settings as provided by your ISP.
Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
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The settings shown above are described below.
PPP SETTINGS
The PPP Username, PPP password and the PPPoE Service Name entries are dependent on the particular requirements of the ISP. The user name can be a maximum of 256 characters and the password a maximum of 32 characters in length. For Authentication Method, choose from AUTO, PAP, CHAP, and MSCHAP.
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KEEP ALIVE INTERVAL
This option configures the interval between each PPP LCP request and the amount of time to wait for the PPP server to reply to the LCP request. If the time expired on all requests, the current PPP session would be dropped.
ENABLE FULLCONE NAT
This option becomes available when NAT is enabled. Known as one-to-one NAT, all requests from the same internal IP address and port are mapped to the same external IP address and port. An external host can send a packet to the internal host, by sending a packet to the mapped external address.
DIAL ON DEMAND
The VR-3031u can be configured to disconnect if there is no activity for a period of time by selecting the Dial on demand checkbox . You must also enter an inactivity timeout period in the range of 1 to 4320 minutes.
PPP IP EXTENSION
The PPP IP Extension is a special feature deployed by some service providers.
Unless your service provider specifically requires this setup, do not select it.
PPP IP Extension does the following:
• Allows only one PC on the LAN.
• Disables NAT and Firewall.
• The device becomes the default gateway and DNS server to the PC through DHCP using the LAN interface IP address.
• The device extends the IP subnet at the remote service provider to the
LAN PC. i.e. the PC becomes a host belonging to the same IP subnet.
• The device bridges the IP packets between WAN and LAN ports, unless the packet is addressed to the device’s LAN IP address.
• The public IP address assigned by the remote side using the PPP/IPCP protocol is actually not used on the WAN PPP interface. Instead, it is forwarded to the PC LAN interface through DHCP. Only one PC on the
LAN can be connected to the remote, since the DHCP server within the device has only a single IP address to assign to a LAN device.
ENABLE NAT
If the LAN is configured with a private IP address, the user should select this checkbox . The NAT submenu will appear in the Advanced Setup menu after reboot.
On the other hand, if a private IP address is not used on the LAN side (i.e. the LAN side is using a public IP), this checkbox should not be selected to free up system resources for better performance.
ENABLE FIREWALL
If this checkbox is selected, the Security submenu will be displayed on the
Advanced Setup menu after reboot. If firewall is not necessary, this checkbox should not be selected to free up system resources for better performance.
USE STATIC IPv4 ADDRESS
Unless your service provider specially requires it, do not select this checkbox . If selected, enter the static IP address in the IPv4 Address field.
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Don’t forget to adjust the IP configuration to Static IP Mode as described in section
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit. The size (in bytes) of largest protocol data unit which the layer can pass onwards. This value is 1500 for PPPoA.
ENABLE PPP MANUAL MODE
Use this button to manually connect/disconnect PPP sessions.
ENABLE PPP DEBUG MODE
When this option is selected, the system will put more PPP connection information into the system log. This is for debugging errors and not for normal usage.
ENABLE IGMP MULTICAST PROXY
Tick the checkbox to enable Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP) multicast. This protocol is used by IPv4 hosts to report their multicast group memberships to any neighboring multicast routers.
NO MULTICAST VLAN FILTER
Tick the checkbox to Enable/Disable multicast VLAN filter.
STEP 3: Choose an interface to be the default gateway.
Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
Select DNS Server Interface from available WAN interfaces OR enter static DNS server IP addresses for the system. In ATM mode, if only a single PVC with IPoA or static IPoE protocol is configured, Static DNS server IP addresses must be entered.
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Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
STEP 5: The WAN Setup - Summary screen shows a preview of the WAN service you have configured. Check these settings and click Apply/Save if they are correct, or click Back to modify them.
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After clicking Apply/Save, the new service should appear on the main screen.
To activate it you must reboot. Go to Management Reboot and click Reboot.
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G2.2 IP over ETHERNET (IPoE)
STEP 1: *Select the IP over Ethernet radio button and click Next.
*
For tagged service, enter valid 802.1P Priority and 802.1Q VLAN ID.
For untagged service, set -1 to both 802.1P Priority and 802.1Q VLAN ID.
STEP 2: The WAN IP settings screen provides access to the DHCP server settings.
You can select the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button to enable DHCP (use the DHCP Options only if necessary). However, if you prefer, you can instead use the Static IP address method to assign WAN
IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway manually.
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NOTE: If IPv6 networking is enabled, an additional set of instructions, radio buttons, and text entry boxes will appear at the bottom of the screen.
These configuration options are quite similar to those for IPv4 networks.
Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
STEP 3: This screen provides access to NAT, Firewall and IGMP Multicast settings.
Enable each by selecting the appropriate checkbox . Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
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ENABLE NAT
If the LAN is configured with a private IP address, the user should select this checkbox . The NAT submenu will appear in the Advanced Setup menu after reboot. On the other hand, if a private IP address is not used on the LAN side (i.e. the LAN side is using a public IP), this checkbox should not be selected, so as to free up system resources for improved performance.
ENABLE FULLCONE NAT
This option becomes available when NAT is enabled. Known as one-to-one NAT, all requests from the same internal IP address and port are mapped to the same external IP address and port. An external host can send a packet to the internal host, by sending a packet to the mapped external address.
ENABLE FIREWALL
If this checkbox is selected, the Security submenu will be displayed on the
Advanced Setup menu after reboot. If firewall is not necessary, this checkbox should not be selected so as to free up system resources for better performance.
ENABLE IGMP MULTICAST
Tick the checkbox to enable Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP) multicast. IGMP is a protocol used by IPv4 hosts to report their multicast group memberships to any neighboring multicast routers.
NO MULTICAST VLAN FILTER
Tick the checkbox to Enable/Disable multicast VLAN filter.
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STEP 4: To choose an interface to be the default gateway.
Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
STEP 5: Select DNS Server Interface from available WAN interfaces OR enter static
DNS server IP addresses for the system. In ATM mode, if only a single PVC with IPoA or static IPoE protocol is configured, Static DNS server IP addresses must be entered.
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Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
STEP 6: The WAN Setup - Summary screen shows a preview of the WAN service you have configured. Check these settings and click Apply/Save if they are correct, or click Back to modify them.
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After clicking Apply/Save, the new service should appear on the main screen.
To activate it you must reboot. Go to Management Reboot and click Reboot.
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G2.3 Bridging
NOTE: This connection type is not available on the Ethernet WAN interface.
STEP 1: *Select the Bridging radio button and click Next.
*
For tagged service, enter valid 802.1P Priority and 802.1Q VLAN ID.
For untagged service, set -1 to both 802.1P Priority and 802.1Q VLAN ID.
STEP 2: The WAN Setup - Summary screen shows a preview of the WAN service you have configured. Check these settings and click Apply/Save if they are correct, or click Back to return to the previous screen.
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After clicking Apply/Save, the new service should appear on the main screen.
To activate it you must reboot. Go to Management Reboot and click Reboot.
NOTE: If this bridge connection is your only WAN service, the VR-3031u will be inaccessible for remote management or technical support from the WAN.
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G2.4 PPP over ATM (PPPoA)
STEP 1: Click Next to continue.
STEP 2: On the next screen, enter the PPP settings as provided by your ISP.
Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
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PPP SETTINGS
The PPP username and password are dependent on the requirements of the ISP.
The user name can be a maximum of 256 characters and the password a maximum of 32 characters in length. (Authentication Method: AUTO, PAP, CHAP, or MSCHAP.)
KEEP ALIVE INTERVAL
This option configures the interval between each PPP LCP request and the amount of time to wait for the PPP server to reply to the LCP request. If the time expired on all requests, the current PPP session would be dropped.
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ENABLE FULLCONE NAT
This option becomes available when NAT is enabled. Known as one-to-one NAT, all requests from the same internal IP address and port are mapped to the same external IP address and port. An external host can send a packet to the internal host, by sending a packet to the mapped external address.
DIAL ON DEMAND
The VR-3031u can be configured to disconnect if there is no activity for a period of time by selecting the Dial on demand checkbox . You must also enter an inactivity timeout period in the range of 1 to 4320 minutes.
PPP IP EXTENSION
The PPP IP Extension is a special feature deployed by some service providers.
Unless your service provider specifically requires this setup, do not select it.
PPP IP Extension does the following:
• Allows only one PC on the LAN.
• Disables NAT and Firewall.
• The device becomes the default gateway and DNS server to the PC through DHCP using the LAN interface IP address.
• The device extends the IP subnet at the remote service provider to the
LAN PC. i.e. the PC becomes a host belonging to the same IP subnet.
• The device bridges the IP packets between WAN and LAN ports, unless the packet is addressed to the device’s LAN IP address.
• The public IP address assigned by the remote side using the PPP/IPCP protocol is actually not used on the WAN PPP interface. Instead, it is forwarded to the PC LAN interface through DHCP. Only one PC on the
LAN can be connected to the remote, since the DHCP server within the device has only a single IP address to assign to a LAN device.
ENABLE NAT
If the LAN is configured with a private IP address, the user should select this checkbox . The NAT submenu will appear in the Advanced Setup menu after reboot.
On the other hand, if a private IP address is not used on the LAN side (i.e. the LAN side is using a public IP), this checkbox should not be selected to free up system resources for better performance.
ENABLE FIREWALL
If this checkbox is selected, the Security submenu will be displayed on the
Advanced Setup menu after reboot. If firewall is not necessary, this checkbox should not be selected to free up system resources for better performance.
USE STATIC IPv4 ADDRESS
Unless your service provider specially requires it, do not select this checkbox . If selected, enter the static IP address in the IP Address field. Also, don’t forget to
adjust the IP configuration to Static IP Mode as described in section 3.2
ENABLE PPP MANUAL MODE
Use this button to manually connect/disconnect PPP sessions.
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ENABLE PPP DEBUG MODE
When this option is selected, the system will put more PPP connection information into the system log. This is for debugging errors and not for normal usage.
ENABLE IGMP MULTICAST
Tick the checkbox to enable Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP) multicast. IGMP is a protocol used by IPv4 hosts to report their multicast group memberships to any neighboring multicast routers.
NO MULTICAST VLAN FILTER
STEP 3: Choose an interface to be the default gateway.
Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
STEP 4: Choose an interface to be the default gateway.
Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
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STEP 5: The WAN Setup - Summary screen shows a preview of the WAN service you have configured. Check these settings and click Apply/Save if they are correct, or click Back to modify them.
After clicking Apply/Save, the new service should appear on the main screen.
To activate it you must reboot. Go to Management Reboot and click Reboot.
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G2.5 IP over ATM (IPoA)
STEP 1: Click Next to continue.
STEP 2: Enter the WAN IP settings provided by your ISP. Click Next to continue.
STEP 3: This screen provides access to NAT, Firewall and IGMP Multicast settings.
Enable each by selecting the appropriate checkbox . Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
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ENABLE NAT
If the LAN is configured with a private IP address, the user should select this checkbox . The NAT submenu will appear in the Advanced Setup menu after reboot. On the other hand, if a private IP address is not used on the LAN side (i.e. the LAN side is using a public IP), this checkbox should not be selected, so as to free up system resources for improved performance.
ENABLE FULLCONE NAT
This option becomes available when NAT is enabled. Known as one-to-one NAT, all requests from the same internal IP address and port are mapped to the same external IP address and port. An external host can send a packet to the internal host by sending a packet to the mapped external address.
ENABLE FIREWALL
If this checkbox is selected, the Security submenu will be displayed on the
Advanced Setup menu after reboot. If firewall is not necessary, this checkbox should not be selected so as to free up system resources for better performance.
ENABLE IGMP MULTICAST
Tick the checkbox to enable Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP) multicast. IGMP is a protocol used by IPv4 hosts to report their multicast group memberships to any neighboring multicast routers.
NO MULTICAST VLAN FILTER
Tick the checkbox to Enable/Disable multicast VLAN filter.
STEP 4: Choose an interface to be the default gateway.
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Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
NOTE: If the DHCP server is not enabled on another WAN interface then the following notification will be shown before the next screen.
STEP 5: Choose an interface to be the default gateway.
Click Next to continue or click Back to return to the previous step.
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STEP 6: The WAN Setup - Summary screen shows a preview of the WAN service you have configured. Check these settings and click Apply/Save if they are correct, or click Back to modify them.
After clicking Apply/Save, the new service should appear on the main screen.
To activate it you must reboot. Go to Management Reboot and click Reboot.
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G3 ~ More About VLAN MUX Mode
The procedure for WAN connection setup in multiple service VLAN Mux mode is as
follows:
STEP 1: Create a Layer2 interface in VLAN MUX connection mode.
STEP 2: Add WAN connections to the interface (Bridge, PPPoE or IPoE).
STEP 3: Use Interface Grouping to connect LAN and WAN interfaces.
These three steps are repeated below with screenshots added for reference.
STEP 1: Create a Layer2 interface in VLAN MUX connection mode.
STEP 2: Add WAN connections to the interface (Bridge, PPPoE or IPoE).
NOTES: If QoS is configured on the first VLAN MUX connection, it will be configured by default for all subsequent connections.
If a MSC connection is removed every other VLAN MUX connection should be removed to avoid potential configuration problems.
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STEP 3: Use Interface Grouping to connect LAN and WAN interfaces.
See the instructions in Interface Grouping
for help with this final step.
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