MSP432 microcontrollers: Bringing high performance to low-power applications ™ Mione Plant MSP432 MCU Product Marketing Engineer Texas Instruments Dung Dang MSP432 MCU Applications Engineer Texas Instruments The new 32-bit MSP432 MCU platform from Texas Instruments leverages its more than 20 years of low-power leadership and expertise to provide maximum performance with optimal power efficiency. This MSP432 MCU platform is built around the high performance ARM® Cortex®-M4F core, featuring DSP extensions and an integrated floating-point engine. It is the most power-efficient processor available today. Texas Instruments has been a primary innovator of technology for embedded developers who are designing low-power applications. TI’s ultra-low-power MSP430™ microcontroller (MCU) family serves as the core in an extensive range of applications on the market today. Its 16-bit architecture and extremely low sleep current make it ideal for battery-operated devices, especially coin cell and energy harvesting applications. While the market requires better power performance, it also continuously demands more functionality from devices. The challenge many developers face today is maintaining or improving battery operating life while simultaneously increasing a device’s capabilities. Adding to this challenge are the tightly constrained energy limitations placed on designs. For many devices, it is not feasible to increase battery size or capacity; this means developers need to achieve higher performance within the same power footprint if battery life is not to be compromised. In addition to these challenges, the market demands new product releases meet aggressive deadlines, even though system design continues to become more complex. Developers need a comprehensive set of hardware and software tools that enable them to extract the maximum performance at the lowest possible power. Finally, there needs to be room for future expansion as applications continue to integrate greater functionality. As MCU portfolios expand to address these needs, there must be seamless portability of both driver-level and application code across platforms. An MCU designed for optimizing low power and high performance The MSP432 MCU platform also offers embedded TI has recently expanded the low-power foundation ecosystem solution that enables them to bring of its MSP430 MCU platform to include higher innovative products to market quickly. With the performance levels without sacrificing power addition of the MSP432 MCU platform, the MSP budgets. Based on the 32-bit ARM® Cortex®-M4F MCU product line now provides a complete portfolio, core, the new MSP432 MCU platform leverages TI’s from ultra-low power 16-bit flash and FRAM-based low-power design expertise to provide maximum MCUs to high performance, low power 32-bit ARM performance with optimal energy efficiency. This Cortex-M4F devices. MCU is the most power-efficient Cortex-M4F-based The MSP432 MCU platform is built around the high platform available today1, with a ULPBench score performance ARM Cortex-M4F core, featuring DSP of 167.4 extensions and an integrated floating-point engine. 1 developers a complete silicon, software and Based on the Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC) ultra-low-power benchmark (ULPBench) scores posted as of 03/24/2015. MSP432™ microcontrollers: Bringing high performance to low-power applications 2 March 2015 This 48MHz core supports the full ARM instruction • 32-bit performance: MSP432 MCUs increase set (M0+, M3, and M4) with optimizations such as performance by moving from 16-bit processing advanced instructions that enable the Cortex-M4F to 32-bits. This enables systems to perform more core to outperform Cortex-M0+ solutions by 50 work with each instruction, whether by moving percent based on CoreMark performance. data twice as quickly or processing complex MSP432 MCUs enable developers to optimize performance without compromising their power algorithms with fewer instructions. • Four times the power efficiency: The MSP432 budget. MSP432 MCUs consume only 95µA/ platform, with its Cortex-M4F core, provides up MHz in active mode and 850nA in standby mode to twice the performance of Cortex-M3 solutions (including RTC). This is especially important in ultra- depending on the complexity of the application, low-power embedded applications where leakage while consuming only half the power. This means current is critical to battery life, such as industrial MSP432 MCUs can perform up to four times and building automation, industrial sensing, industrial the amount of work for the same power as security panels, asset tracking and consumer competitive Cortex-M3 solutions. MSP432 MCUs electronics where both efficient data processing and achieve a Coremark score of 3.41, defined by enhanced low-power operation are essential. For ARM as the score for an optimal implementation. example, MSP432 MCU’s ultra-low-power LPM3 standby current as low as 850nA is well-suited for applications like flow metering where a single battery may have to last 20+ years in the field. It also provides an ideal architecture for existing MSP430 MCU embedded developers looking for additional performance, TI’s TM4C-based designers looking for lower power or smaller-sized ARM Cortex-M4F options, or ARM developers looking for the optimal balance of low power and high performance. Striking the balance between low-power and high performance The excellent performance and power efficiency of MSP432 MCUs are achieved through three dimensions of innovation: its ARM Cortex-M4F core and MSP432 performance optimizations, TI’s low-power DNA, and its optimized software • Integrated signal processing: The integrated DSP engine and floating-point core in MSP432 MCUs enable a multitude of high-performance applications that require compute-intensive functionality, including signal conditioning and sensor processing. In addition, the Cortex-M4F executes floating-point code approximately 10 times faster than the Cortex-M3. • Standardized core: By moving to a standardized core, MSP432 MCUs give developers more flexibility in terms of the large ARM ecosystem and wider variety of off-the-shelf software available. TI has maximized the performance and efficiency on MSP432 MCUs by incorporating numerous high performance peripherals and features (Figure 1). Combined, these reduce power consumption by offering and comprehensive toolsets. enabling the MCU to perform more work in ARM Cortex-M4F core and MSP432 performance optimizations • 128-bit flash buffer pre-fetch: The MSP432 fewer cycles. MCU platform employs predictive instruction pre- There are several key advantages the Cortex-M4F fetching to read up to eight instructions at a time. core brings to the MSP MCU portfolio (Figure 1): By pre-fetching instructions, this feature reduces the number of accesses to flash to load program MSP432™ microcontrollers: Bringing high performance to low-power applications 3 March 2015 code. Because the flash has two wait states at register bits. This simplifies and accelerates bit- 48 MHz, this in turn reduces the overall number of based operations; rather than having to perform wait states, thus speeding execution. a read/modify/write sequence to change a single • 1 MSPS ADC: This fast, 14-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) provides five times the sampling speed of the fastest MSP430 MCU, while retaining low-power operation (only 375uA at full speed). bit, this action can be completed with a single write. In addition, the SRAM provides single-cycle access at 48 MHz. • Nested vector interrupt controller (NVIC): With up to 32 channels for simultaneously The NVIC uses tail-chaining to optimize the delay sampling, MSP432 MCUs can read data quickly, between multiple interrupts, resulting in faster enabling the processor to minimize sampling time interrupt switching. and complete operations faster. • 8 -channel DMA: By supporting eight DMA • Advanced cryptographic accelerators: Hardware-based AES-256 security protects data channels, MSP432 MCUs are able to offload more transmissions without adversely impacting power memory transactions from the CPU. In addition, consumption. having more channels simplifies configuration as well as gives embedded developers greater flexibility in how they optimize memory operations. • B it-banded SRAM and peripheral access: • ROM-based drivers: The driver library associated with MSP432 MCUs has already been programmed into ROM. At 48 MHz, the MCU can execute from ROM every cycle, compared to MSP432 MCUs assign every SRAM and register up to three cycles for flash. This results in faster memory bit a unique 32-bit address, enabling execution and lower power consumption without developers direct access to individual SRAM and consuming available code space. The driver Figure 1: The MSP432 MCU high performance peripherals and features complement the high performance ARM Cortex-M4F core to enable the maximum performance for low-power applications. MSP432™ microcontrollers: Bringing high performance to low-power applications 4 March 2015 MSP432 MCUs Current Active LPM0 95 µA/MHZ (DCDC); 166 µA/MHz (LDO) 65 µA/MHz (DCDC); 100 µA/MHz (LDO) LowFrequency LPM0 70 µA LPM3 LPM3.5 (Shut down w/ RTC) LPM4.5 (Shut down w/o RTC) 850 nA <670 nA <100 nA Table 1: Low-power modes on the new MSP432 MCU platform. library source code is also provided under open- • 90 nm process node technology: The TI- source BSD license, providing developers with developed 90 nm process node technology the option to further customize to their specific enables low-active power consumption and low- application requirements. leakage operation. • S imultaneous flash read/write: Traditionally, • Flexible low-power modes: MSP432 MCUs flash memory is implemented as a single bank. support five low-power modes to enable low- This means any erase will stall execution of power consumption. the application. MSP432 MCUs offer a dualbank flash. With two banks, the CPU can read/ execute in one bank while erasing in the other, thus avoiding stalls. This is especially useful • Fast time-to-wake: MSP432 MCUs can switch from LPM3 to active mode in less than 10 µs, typical. for Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited • Wide operating voltage range: By supporting memory and power availability. While erasing, a wide voltage range from 1.62 to 3.7 V, the such as is necessary when updating firmware MSP432 MCU platform can be scaled to match or data logging, the device can execute at the the particular battery in use and eliminate external same time. By taking less time to perform these regulation. Many MCUs also scale performance functions, power consumption is reduced. In with voltage; as the voltage drops, the MCU’s addition, MSP432 MCUs also include secure core can only operate at a reduced frequency. memory regions to protect both code and data This increases power consumption since the from external attacks. MCU must stay awake longer to perform an MSP’s low-power DNA MSP432 MCUs are built using the same low-power DNA and expertise of 16-bit MSP430 MCUs to make the most efficient core implementation. This means power efficiency is paramount, enabling the MSP432 MCUs to establish a new standard of 32-bit low-power and performance. These new MSP432 MCUs have been optimized for power in both its silicon and software implementation (Figure 2). Several capabilities reduce overall power consumption: equivalent amount of work. With MSP432 MCUs, however, the core is able to operate at full speed at the lowest voltage. Thus, operating at a lower voltage gives a true and full improvement in power efficiency. Furthermore, flash can also be accessed at 1.62V. • Integrated LDO and DC/DC: To further increase power efficiency and reduce design complexity and cost, MSP432 MCUs integrate both a lowdropout regulator (LDO) and DC/DC convertor. When the LDO is used for power regulation, the system is capable of faster switching between sleep and active modes. When the DC/DC convertor is used, the system can achieve • Setting a new power-efficiency standard efficiency up to 95 percent. Typically, developers Understanding the real-world power efficiency have to choose between using either an LDO or of an MCU early in the design process is critical. DC/DC convertor for all use cases. By providing Today’s developers face countless challenges two options for power regulation, developers can while searching for the best ultra-low-power dynamically optimize regulation based on the MCU for their design. Having to select among current mode of operation. When the system is in a multiple MCU vendors and products makes standby mode of operation, for example, the LDO selecting the best ultra-low-power device very can be used to minimize wake time. For operating challenging. The Embedded Microprocessor modes or use cases where active current plays Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC) ultra-low power a larger role in power consumption, the DC/DC benchmark (ULPBench) now provides a standard convertor can be used. way to compare power performance on any • S electable RAM retention: The low-power microcontroller. MSP432 MCU platform provides individual control With a score of 167.4 ULPMarks, the MSP432 MCU of its eight RAM banks. This enables developers to platform achieves the highest ULPBench score for be able to turn off those banks that are currently any Cortex-M3 or Cortex-M4F MCU available today. not needed and whose data does not need to This means it provides more performance for the be preserved. For example, when the system is power than any other processor of its type in the sleeping, RAM banks used as scratch pads or to industry, including Cortex-M0+, -M3, -M4, and -M4F buffer data are not in use and can be turned off. cores or other 8-, 16- and 32-bit proprietary cores. Figure 2: MSP432 MCUs have been optimized for power in both its architecture and peripherals. MSP432™ microcontrollers: Bringing high performance to low-power applications 6 March 2015 Optimized software offering and comprehensive toolsets While an MCU’s architecture itself may be efficient, it is how easily developers can access this efficiency that determines a system’s actual power consumption and operating life. To aid developers in both simplifying development and designing systems for power efficiency, TI has optimized its software and tools with power in mind. provides a high level of visibility into application power consumption. • ULP Advisor™: TI has also extended its ULP Advisor software to support the specific capabilities of the MSP432 MCU platform. ULP Advisor is built upon TI’s more than 20 years of ultra-low-power expertise and offers suggestions to developers on how to adjust application code and improve power efficiency. • R apid prototyping: Developers can evaluate the performance and power efficiency of MSP432 MCUs for themselves with a LaunchPad development kit. Priced at $12.99, this rapid prototyping kit is a cost-effective way to experience the advantages of the MSP432 MCU architecture firsthand. A full suite of add-on daughter-boards called BoosterPacks – including displays, wireless, MicroSD, and sensor hubs, enable developers to extend their evaluation of the MSP432 MCU platform to specific applications. • E nergyTrace™+ Technology: EnergyTrace+ • MSPWare™ software: In conjunction with the launch of MSP432 MCUs, TI has released a new version of MSPWare software. MSPWare serves as a single-point resource of comprehensive technical materials for accelerating MSP-based designs (Figure 3). Materials include detailed application notes, code examples, training and videos. To further simplify design, MSPWare software is available in your browser through CCS Cloud, or on the desktop ready to use with TI’s Code Composer Studio™, IAR’s Embedded Workbench, and Keil technology is a powerful design tool that enables µVision integrated development environments developers to profile an application’s real-time (IDEs). This also includes support for Energia. power consumption with an accuracy of ± 2 percent. Not only does it evaluate overall power efficiency, it correlates power consumption to the actual code that uses the power. This enables developers to determine how and where power is being consumed so they can direct their optimization efforts to those areas that will yield the most gains. EnergyTrace+ technology is built into the LaunchPad development platform and Figure 3: The latest release of MSPWare supports the MSP432 MCU platform and provides a single-point resource of comprehensive technical materials and code examples to accelerate design. MSP432™ microcontrollers: Bringing high performance to low-power applications 7 March 2015 • T I’s new Cloud Development Ecosystem enables time and calories. To remain competitive or to developers to run TI’s Code Composer Studio and address new markets, a next-generation watch might Resource Explorer from a browser. The LaunchPad introduce heart rate monitoring, activity detection, kit connects to the computer via a USB cable GPS for positioning, Bluetooth® Smart for wireless and the TI cloud website will automatically install connectivity or a more complex display supporting any drivers required to access the board. Demo color or graphics. All of these require additional applications and example code can be accessed processing capability, which is now available through and downloaded to development boards in just the 32-bit MSP432 MCU platform based on the ARM minutes for an immediate out-of-box experience. Cortex-M4F core. Embedded developers can now create software in the cloud as well as access more than 20,000 sample applications online to jumpstart designs. • A RM Ecosystem: Developers can also speed development using tools and design assistance available through both the TI and ARM thirdparty ecosystems. The MSP432 MCU platform is supported by several full-featured development environments, ARM CMSIS software libraries, as well as by TI RTOS, freeRTOS and Micrium µC/OS. These real-time operating systems can help developers maximize performance in multi-threaded applications to reduce overall power consumption. MSP432 MCUs also enable embedded developers to support increasing complexity in a product line. For example, with the emergence of the IoT, sensor networks like those in a factory or other industrial applications have become more complex. An aggregator needs to be able to connect to sensors (e.g. via Sub-1GHz connectivity) and send data up to a centralized management panel (e.g. via WiFi). Thus the aggregator needs to support multiple protocols, requiring more memory and performance. Furthermore, an aggregator can add intelligence. In this way, it processes data, evaluates it and even makes decisions such as triggering an alarm if a threshold is exceeded. The architecture for an entire product line The 16- and 32-bit MSP MCU portfolio can support The MSP432 MCU platform extends TI’s low-power ideal for individual sensor nodes running on batteries. MSP MCU portfolio, enabling applications built The MSP432 platform provides the processing and around 16-bit MSP430 MCUs to scale to higher power efficiency to support an intelligent hub with levels of performance without requiring a complete control panel, user interface and display. system redesign. The MSP432 MCU platform also provides a power-optimized roadmap for existing this entire product line. Various MSP430 MCUs are MSP430 to MSP432 MCU porting ARM Cortex-M developers with low power needs. As part of the MSPWare software package, Applications requiring a scalable portfolio Platform Porting Guide. This guide outlines how With MSP432 MCUs, the low-power MSP family to port existing MSP430 MCU designs to take of MCUs can support extended product lines or hierarchical applications such as sensor networks. For example, a first-generation fitness watch based on an MSP430 MCU might have tracked exercise developers also have access to the MSP432 MCU advantage of MSP432 MCU’s 32-bit bus and peripherals. This usage and porting guide suggests areas of application code to review when migrating to 32 bits. MSP432™ microcontrollers: Bringing high performance to low-power applications 8 March 2015 MSP432 1.62V – 3.7V Operation ARM® Cortex™ M4F 48 MHz NVIC FPU WIC ITM MPU SWD Temperature 85°C Memory Power & Clocking Up to 256 KB Flash Up to 64 KB SRAM Driver Libraries DMA (8 ch) Bootstrap Loader Programmable DCO Low-Power OSC Real-Time Clock Power & Clocking Real-time JTAG 4× 16-bit Timer/PWM/CCP 2× 32-bit GP Timers Systick Timer CRC32 Watchdog Timer Security Comms Peripherals Analog AES-256 4× UART or SPI 4× I2C or SPI 24ch, 14-bit 1 MSPS SAR ADC 2× Analog Comparators Voltage Reference Temperature Sensor Capacitive Touch I/O 32KB ROM Debug Same as 16-bit MSP430 MCUs Figure 4: Porting to the MSP432 platform from MSP430-based designs is simplified since the MSP432 MCU retains many of the key peripherals of the MSP430 MCU’s architecture (shown in yellow) MSP432 MCUs retain many of the key peripherals of the MSP430 MCU architecture (Figure 4 shows all peripherals in yellow that are the same between the two architectures), so porting peripheral code is greatly simplified. TI has also kept register and low-power peripherals names consistent to enable designs to be easily ported among the more than 450 low-power MSP MCUs. MSP432 MCUs: low power at its best, performance at its core. Developers need an architecture that can scale to higher levels of computing and analog performance without adversely impacting power efficiency. They also need to be able to do this while leveraging existing MCU development investment and expertise. As the world’s lowest power ARM Cortex-M4F MCU, For new designs, developers can use the MSPWare MSP432 MCUs simultaneously boost performance driver library with its proven and production-ready and decrease power consumption by more than drivers to greatly speed development. For embedded 50 percent. Developers are able to leverage their developers who have created their own register-level existing investment and expertise in the MSP430 drivers, MSPWare encapsulates both register-level MCU architecture to easily scale application and library drivers. Experienced ARM developers can performance. With its expanded development also leverage their knowledge of ARM’s Cortex-M ecosystem, developers can achieve seamless Software Interface Standard (CMSIS) functions to portability between 16-bit MSP430 and 32-bit develop code. MSP432 MCU designs. In addition, they can MSP432™ microcontrollers: Bringing high performance to low-power applications 9 March 2015 optimize power efficiency and maximize performance with TI’s extensive selection of easy-to-use MSP and ARM hardware and software tools. With the addition of MSP432 MCUs, the low-power MSP microcontroller portfolio gives developers a wide choice of processors, enabling developers to optimize for low-power and high performance and the flexibility to easily port between 16-bit and 32-bit architectures. In addition, as the flagship device in the MSP’s growing low-power 32-bit ARM processor portfolio, the MSP432 MCU family will offer increasing levels of analog and memory integration to address new application segments. Get started evaluating this new 32-bit low-power MCU platform with the MSP432 LaunchPad and MSPWare software by visiting www.ti.com/msp432. The platform bar and MSP430 are trademarks of Texas Instruments. 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