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MATLAB
®
The Language of Technical Computing
Computation
Visualization
Programming
Release 11.1 New Features
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Release 11.1 New Features
 COPYRIGHT 1984 - 1999 by The MathWorks, Inc.
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Other product or brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Printing History: January 1999
October 1999
New for Release 11
Release 11.1
Contents
New Features
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What’s in Release 11.1? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Release 11.1 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Release 11.1 New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Release 11.1 Known Software and Documentation Problems .
Documentation For Existing Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Documentation For New Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Online Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Bug Fixes and Changes to Release 11 Products . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Enhancements To Release 11 Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
MATLAB’s OpenGL Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Database Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Running the Database Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Support For UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
New Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Visual Query Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
DSP Blockset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Running Different Blockset Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Library Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Low Latency for Multirate Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
New and Enhanced Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Minor Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Demos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Financial Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Improved Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Portfolio Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Term Structure Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Signal Processing Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Spectral Analysis Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
i
Additional New Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Documentation Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
ii
Contents
Products Introduced Between Release 11 and Release 11.1
MATLAB C/C++ Graphics Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Data Acquisition Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supported Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toolbox Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GARCH Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Products Introduced in Release 11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dials & Gauges Blockset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial Time Series Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quantized Filtering Analysis Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relationship To Other Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xPC Target and xPC Target Embedded Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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New Features
Introduction . . . . . .
What’s in Release 11.1? . .
Release 11.1 Documentation
Online Documentation . .
Installation . . . . . . .
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Bug Fixes and Changes to Release 11 Products . . . . . 6
Enhancements To Release 11 Products
MATLAB’s OpenGL Support . . . . . .
Database Toolbox . . . . . . . . . .
DSP Blockset . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial Toolbox . . . . . . . . . .
Signal Processing Toolbox . . . . . . .
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Products Introduced Between
Release 11 and Release 11.1
MATLAB C/C++ Graphics Library .
The Data Acquisition Toolbox . . .
GARCH Toolbox . . . . . . . .
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Products Introduced in Release 11.1 . .
Dials & Gauges Blockset . . . . . . . . .
Financial Time Series Toolbox . . . . . .
Quantized Filtering Analysis Toolbox . . .
xPC Target and xPC Target Embedded Object
New Features
Introduction
What’s in Release 11.1?
Release 11.1 contains:
• For these Release 11 products, either bug fixes or changes to support
other products:
- MATLAB®
- MATLAB Compiler
- MATLAB C/C++ Math Library
- Control System Toolbox
- Excel Link
- Image Processing Toolbox
- Real-Time Workshop®
- Real-Time Workshop Ada Extension
- Real-Time Windows Target
- Simulink®
- Stateflow® and Stateflow Coder
• For these Release 11 products/features, enhancements:
- MATLAB’s OpenGL support
- Database Toolbox
- DSP Blockset
- Financial Toolbox
- Signal Processing Toolbox
• New products released (via the Web) between Release 11 and Release
11.1:
- MATLAB C/C++ Graphics Library
- Data Acquisition Toolbox
- GARCH Toolbox
• New products introduced in Release 11.1:
- Dials & Gauges Blockset
2
Introduction
- Financial Time Series Toolbox
- Quantized Filtering Toolbox
- xPC Target and xPC Target Embedded Option
Release 11.1 Documentation
Release 11.1 New Features
This Release 11.1 New Features guide documents the products that were
either introduced or changed since Release 11.
For information about products and enhancements introduced with
Release 11 and earlier releases, see the online Release 11 New Features
document.
Release 11.1 Known Software and Documentation Problems
The Release 11.1 Known Software and Documentation Problems guide
describes Release 11.1 software bugs and known documentation issues.
Documentation For Existing Products
The Release 11.1 documentation for products that were also available in
Release 11 is the same as it was for Release 11, with the exceptions of the
updated documentation listed below. Online documents are available in
HTML and PDF form, except for the OpenGL update information.
Document, Product, or Feature
Printed?
Online?
Using MATLAB
Database Toolbox User’s Guide
DSP Blockset User’s Guide
(and Readme file)
Financial Toolbox User’s Guide
OpenGL
Readme file
Excel Link User’s Guide
3
New Features
Document, Product, or Feature
Printed?
Online?
SB2SL User’s Guide
Signal Processing Toolbox
(reference documentation)
Documentation For New Products
The documentation for new products introduced after Release 11 is
available in online form, and for some cases, also in printed form, as
indicated in the table below.
Product/Feature
Printed?
Online?
Dials & Gauges Blockset
Financial Time Series
Toolbox
GARCH Toolbox
Quantized Filtering
Toolbox
xPC Target
Online Documentation
As you know if you are reading this document from within MATLAB, you
can display the online documentation Help Desk by typing at the
MATLAB command line
helpdesk
You can then access HTML documentation from the list of manuals on
the top page. You can access PDF versions of the documentation from the
“Online Manuals (in PDF)” link in the bottom left section of the Help
Desk page.
MATLAB documentation that is in HTML form is available from the top
left section of the Help Desk page. Reference material for most
4
Introduction
MathWorks products is available in HTML form, from the links on the
right side of the Help Desk page.
Note The Japanese Help Desk has been updated significantly for
Release 11.1, including several new and updated manuals.
Installation
See the Installation Guide for information about how to install Release
11.1 on your platform.
5
New Features
Bug Fixes and Changes to Release 11 Products
Release 11.1 includes a number of bug fixes to products that were in
Release 11 (and in most cases, earlier releases).
Information about software bugs and fixes is available from the
Technical Support page of The MathWorks Web page:
http://www.mathworks.com/support/
Release 11.1 also includes some changes to a few Release 11 products to
support one or more Release 11.1 products.
The Release 11 products that include bug fixes or changes to support
Release 11.1 products include:
- MATLAB
- MATLAB Compiler
- MATLAB C/C++ Math Library
- Control System Toolbox
- Excel Link
- Image Processing Toolbox
- Real-Time Workshop
- Real-Time Workshop Ada Extension
- Real-Time Windows Target
- Simulink
- Stateflow and Stateflow Coder
6
Enhancements To Release 11 Products
Enhancements To Release 11 Products
This section summarizes the enhancements made to products/features
introduced with Release 11 or earlier releases. Those products are:
• MATLAB’s OpenGL support
• Database Toolbox
• DSP Blockset
• Financial Toolbox
• Signal Processing Toolbox
MATLAB’s OpenGL Support
This release supports the autoselection of the OpenGL renderer by
MATLAB.
Database Toolbox
Running the Database Toolbox
To use the new version of the Database Toolbox, use the command
feature('dispatchjava',1)
Support For UNIX
You can now run the Database Toolbox on UNIX platforms.
New Functions
Release 11.1 introduces over 30 new functions, including a valuable set
of functions for retrieving database metadata so you can find out
information about the database, for example, table names and column
names. Other new functions apply to drivers and result sets.
Visual Query Builder
The Visual Query Builder (shown below) is a new, easy-to-use, graphical
user interface (GUI) for retrieving data from your database.
7
New Features
DSP Blockset
Note The DSP Blockset 3.1 requires Simulink 3.0.
Running Different Blockset Versions
When you install the DSP Blockset 3.1 on your computer, Version 2.2 of
the blockset is also installed.
Run Version 3.1 by typing dsplib. To run Version 2.2, type dsplib 2.
8
Enhancements To Release 11 Products
New Features
Version 3.1 of the DSP Blockset offers several new blocks, as well as
substantial optimization for existing multirate blocks. The following
sections summarize the new additions.
See Chapter 1 of the online DSP Blockset User’s Guide for an overview of
the blockset’s contents. Also see the DSP Blockset readme file for a
complete listing of the changes. To view the readme file, at the MATLAB
command line type
info dspblks
Library Structure
The library structure has undergone further refinement for Version 3.1
with the addition of a Quantizers library in General DSP. The new
library contains blocks for quantization and coding.
Low Latency for Multirate Blocks
Multirate blocks, such as the buffering and rate conversion blocks, are
now optimized to produce the smallest possible delays under Simulink’s
single-tasking mode. The blocks that benefit from this change are:
• Buffer
• Downsample
• Dyadic Analysis
• Dyadic Synthesis
• FIR Decimation
• FIR Interpolation
• FIR Rate Conversion
• Overlap-Add FFT Filter
• Overlap-Save FFT Filter
• Rebuffer
• Repeat
• Unbuffer
• Upsample
• Wavelet Analysis
9
New Features
• Wavelet Synthesis
Some of these blocks now have zero delay in single-tasking mode. See
“Delay and Latency” in the online DSP Blockset User’s Guide for
complete information.
Note As a result of the reduced delay, models that use the blocks listed
above may perform differently with DSP Blockset 3.1 than they did with
DSP Blockset 3.0. Consult the Version 3.1 DSP Block Reference for the
delay characteristics of particular blocks. In cases where an existing
model relies on the suboptimal delay of 3.0 blocks to produce correct
results, you may want to preserve the current behavior. Consult the
Knowledge Base at the MathWorks Support Web site for information
(search for “latency”).
New and Enhanced Blocks
The table below lists the new and substantially improved (*) blocks in
Version 3.1.
Block Library
Block Name
Description
DSP Sources
Discrete Impulse
Generate a discrete impulse.
Random Source
Generate a vector of uniformly or normally distributed randomly values.
Sine Wave*
Generate a continuous or discrete sine wave. Version 3.1 adds table
look-up, periodic schedule detection for discrete-time trigonometric mode,
complex exponential output, and optimized code generation.
dB*
Convert magnitude data to decibels (dB or dBm). Version 3.1 adds dBm
conversion and resistance specification.
Polynomial Evaluation
Evaluate a polynomial expression.
Matrix Functions
Matrix Square
Compute the square of the input matrix.
Linear Algebra
Backward Substitution*
Solve the equation UX=B for upper triangular matrix U. Version 3.1 adds
support for matrix X and B.
Cholesky Solver*
Solve the equation SX=B for Hermitian positive definite matrix S.
Version 3.1 adds support for matrix X and B.
Forward Substitution*
Solve the equation LX=B for lower triangular matrix L. Version 3.1 adds
support for matrix X and B.
Elementary Functions
10
Enhancements To Release 11 Products
Block Library
Block Name
Description
Transforms
DCT*
Compute the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of the input. Version 3.1
adds support for multichannel inputs.
IDCT*
Compute the inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) of the input.
Version 3.1 adds support for multichannel inputs.
Uniform Decoder
Decode an integer input to a floating-point output.
Uniform Encoder
Quantize and encode a floating-point input to an integer output.
Digital FIR Raised Cosine
Filter Design
Direct-Form II Transpose
Filter*
Design and implement a raised cosine FIR filter.
Wavelet Analysis
Decompose a signal into components of logarithmically decreasing
frequency intervals and sample rates (requires the Wavelet Toolbox).
Wavelet Synthesis
Reconstruct a signal from its multirate bandlimited components (requires
the Wavelet Toolbox).
Quantizers
Filter Designs
Filter Realizations
Multirate Filters
Apply an IIR filter to the input. Version 3.1 allows the numerator and
denominator coefficients to be tuned while the simulation runs (as long as
the polynomial lengths remain the same).
Minor Enhancements
The filter design blocks now allow most parameters to be tuned while the
simulation runs. The parameters that are not tunable are Filter order,
Frame-based inputs, and Number of channels.
The Window Function block offers a new Hann option for designing Hann
windows (also known as Hanning windows).
Demos
A new frame-based wavelet denoising demo is available. At the MATLAB
command line, type
dspwdnoisf
11
New Features
Financial Toolbox
Improved Speed
Fixed income functions use faster algorithms for tasks such as bond
pricing, yield, and coupon cash flow mapping. The following functions
have been rewritten for better performance:
• cfamounts
• cfdates
• cpndaten
• cpndatep
• cpndatenq
• cpndatepq
Portfolio Optimization
You can now include riskless investments in the portfolio optimization
functions:
• portopt
• frontcon
• portstats
Term Structure Analysis
A new function, prbyzero, has been added for interest term structure
analysis. prbyzero computes fair bond prices from a zero curve or set of
zero curves. The function is a companion to zbtprice, which bootstraps
a zero curve from market bond prices.
Another new function, cfport, creates a portfolio form of cash flows
which is useful for term structure analysis.
12
Function
Description
prbyzero
Price bonds from a zero curve.
cfport
Portfolio form of cash flows.
Enhancements To Release 11 Products
Signal Processing Toolbox
Spectral Analysis Functions
This release includes major updates to the signal processing spectral
analysis functions, including changes to the units the power spectral
density (PSD) is calculated in, and the frequency axis in plot displays.
Now one-sided PSDs are plotted for real inputs. The functions that have
been modified include:
• pburg
• pcov
• peig (This function was in Release 11, but undocumented)
• pmcov
• pmtm
• pmusic
• pwelch
• pyulear
Additional New Functions
There other are several new functions.
Function
Description
corrmtx
Computes a correlation matrix from data.
freqzplot
Plots frequency responses.
hann
Computes a Hann window and replaces the hanning
function.
periodogram
Calculates periodograms.
psdplot
Plots PSDs.
rooteig
Uses the eigenvector method in computing the root music
algorithm.
rootmusic
Computes the root music algorithm.
13
New Features
Function
Description
schurrc
Computes reflection coefficients from an autocorrelation
sequence.
udecode
Decodes 2n-level quantized integer inputs to
floating-point outputs.
uencode
Quantizes and encodes floating-point inputs to integer
outputs.
Documentation Updates
The documentation for these functions has been updated:
• dpss
• dpssload
• freqz
14
Products Introduced Between Release 11 and Release 11.1
Products Introduced Between Release 11 and Release 11.1
This section briefly describes products that were released (via the Web)
after Release 11, but before Release 11.1. Those products include:
• MATLABC/C++ Graphics Library
• Data AcquisitionToolbox
• GARCH Toolbox
MATLAB C/C++ Graphics Library
The MATLAB C/C++ Graphics Library is a collection of more than 100
MATLAB graphics routines distributed as a single library. The graphics
library makes the visualization and GUI-building routines of MATLAB
available to stand-alone C and C++ applications.
A stand-alone C or C++ application is an executable program that can
run independently of the MATLAB interpreted environment.
Stand-alone applications are a convenient way to package and distribute
a customized MATLAB application.
Using this library, in conjunction with the MATLAB Compiler and the
MATLAB C/C++ Math Library, you can create stand-alone applications
from M-files that use lines, text, meshes, and polygons as well as
interactive GUI components such as menus, push buttons, and dialog
boxes.
Note You must use the MATLAB Compiler to create C or C++
stand-alone graphics applications. Calling MATLAB C/C++ Graphics
Library routines directly from a C or C++ source module is not
supported.
15
New Features
The Data Acquisition Toolbox
The Data Acquisition Toolbox is a collection of M-file functions and
MEX-file dynamic link libraries (DLL’s) built on the MATLAB technical
computing environment. The toolbox provides:
• A framework for bringing live, measured data into MATLAB
• Support for analog input, analog output, and digital I/O subsystems
• Single- and multichannel acquisitions
• A consistent and flexible command line interface that exposes the
unique features of all supported hardware
The supported hardware and major toolbox features are described below.
Supported Hardware
The toolbox supports these hardware devices:
• National Instruments Data Acquisition E-Series and 1200-Series
boards
• Hewlett-Packard Company VXI E1432/33/34-Series hardware
• Microsoft Windows multimedia sound cards
• Additional third-party hardware
You can view a complete list of all supported hardware devices at
http://www.mathworks.com/products/daq/hardware.shtml
Toolbox Features
Object Based Design. Based on MATLAB's object technology, the toolbox
provides functions for creating device objects directly associated with
your hardware. Device objects provide a gateway to all of the hardware's
functionality and allow you to control the behavior of your acquisition.
You can create device objects for analog input, analog output, and digital
I/O subsystems. For example, an analog input object created in MATLAB
contains all the necessary parameters for executing any supported
analog input task.
16
Products Introduced Between Release 11 and Release 11.1
Data Management. Functions are provided for previewing and extracting
your data for analysis. The toolbox streams data into MATLAB in double
precision floating-point format or native hardware format. This gives you
the ability to work with the data just as you would any other matrix in
MATLAB.
Data Logging. Functions are available for logging data to disk, memory, or
both while an analog input object is running.
Events and Actions. In general, data acquisition tasks are initiated based
on events. An event occurs at a specific time after a condition is met.
Some of the event types supported by the Data Acquisition Toolbox
include: start and stop events, triggers, number of samples acquired,
number of samples output, and errors.
Events may result in one or more actions. For example, all the event
types mentioned above have the action of calling an associated property,
which in turn can execute an M-file function that you specify.
Error Handling. A consistent set of error and warning messages are sent
back to the MATLAB workspace by the toolbox when an error is
encountered. If a hardware error message is encountered that is not
handled by the toolbox, an “external error” is reported along with the
vendor-specific hardware error message.
Conversion to Engineering Units. The toolbox automatically converts
acquired data into values that represent specific engineering units (e.g.,
volts, Newtons, etc.). Use of linear scaling and offsets is supported
directly by the toolbox. In addition, any nonlinear calibration curve may
be applied using MATLAB. You can set engineering unit conversions for
each channel of data.
Acquisition Status Evaluation. You can evaluate the status of your acquisition
and the available data acquisition resources at any time using functions
provided by the toolbox. Data acquisition resources include installed
hardware, hardware drivers, and hardware driver adaptors.
17
New Features
GARCH Toolbox
The GARCH Toolbox provides essential tools for univariate Generalized
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) volatility
modeling of economic time series. It uses a general ARMAX/ GARCH
composite model to perform simulation, forecasting, and parameter
estimation of financial time series in the presence of conditional
heteroskedasticity.
18
Products Introduced in Release 11.1
Products Introduced in Release 11.1
This section briefly describes products that are being introduced with
Release 11.1. Those products are:
• Dials & Gauges Blockset
• Financial Time Series Toolbox
• Quantized Filtering Toolbox
• xPC Target
Dials & Gauges Blockset
The Dials & Gauges Blockset supplies realistic, instrument-like user
interface controls for Simulink blocks. With this model-based
instrumentation, you can add graphical instruments directly to your
model, using them as you would use blocks from the Sources and Sinks
libraries. The instrumentation is based on ActiveX technology and is
available on Microsoft Windows platforms.
Financial Time Series Toolbox
The MATLAB Financial Time Series Toolbox contains a collection of
tools for the analysis of time series data in the financial markets.
The toolbox extends the capabilities of MATLAB by providing a
date-aware time series object. The object simplifies the manipulation,
cleanup, and preparation of financial data, so that finance professionals
can take full advantage of MATLAB’s graphics, built-in numerics, and
special-purpose toolboxes.
Quantized Filtering Analysis Toolbox
The Quantized Filtering Toolbox is a new product for filtering and
bit-true analysis using fixed-point or custom-precision floating-point
arithmetic for a wide range of precisions.
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New Features
You can use this toolbox to:
• Construct quantized filters
• Analyze the responses of quantized filters
• Filter data
Relationship To Other Products
The Quantized Filtering Toolbox is built on top of the MATLAB
computing environment and the Signal Processing Toolbox. You must
have the Signal Processing Toolbox in order to use it.
xPC Target and xPC Target Embedded Option
xPC Target and its add-on product xPC Target Embedded Option are
products from The MathWorks for use with Real-Time Workshop®. It is
a host-target PC solution for prototyping, testing, and deploying
real-time systems. In this environment you use your desktop PC as a host
computer with MATLAB, Simulink, and Real-Time Workshop to create
models, run simulations, and generate code. You then use a second
PC-compatible system as a target computer where the generated code
runs in real time.
The target PC can be:
• A desktop PC
• An industrial PC, including PC/104, CompactPCI, and single board
computers
The major features of the xPC Target software are the ability to:
• Design and build the target application on a host PC.
• Execute and control the target application on a target PC with signal
monitoring and parameter tuning.
• Use inexpensive hardware for the target computer and I/O boards.
• Deploy real-time systems with the add-on product xPC Embedded
Option.
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Products Introduced in Release 11.1
Note xPC Target requires a host PC, target PC, and either the Watcom
C/C++ compiler or Microsoft Visual C/C++ compiler. For I/O, your target
PC must also have I/O boards supported by xPC Target.
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New Features
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