Allied Telesyn AT-3726XL, AT-3716XL, AT-3714FXL, AT-3726, AT-3714F Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Management
Software
AT-S20
◆
User’s Guide
For use with the AT-3726XL, AT-3716XL, AT-3714FXL,
AT-3726 and AT-3714F Switches
Version 3.1
PN 613-10773-00 Rev. C
Copyright  1998, 1999 Allied Telesyn International, Corp.
960 Stewart Drive Suite B, Sunnyvale CA 94086
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Allied Telesyn
International, Corp.
CentreCom is a registered trademark of Allied Telesyn International, Corp.
Netscape Navigator is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. Ethernet is a registered trademark of
Xerox Corporation. All other product names, company names, logos or other designations mentioned herein are trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Allied Telesyn International, Corp. reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this
document without prior written notice. The information provided herein is subject to change without notice. In no event shall
Allied Telesyn International, Corp. be liable for any incidental, special, indirect, or consequential damages whatsoever, inclu ding
but not limited to lost profits, arising out of or related to this manual or the information contained herein, even if Allied Telesyn
International, Corp. has been advised of, known, or should have known, the possibility of such damages.
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Preface ...............................................................................................................................................................Preface-i
Purpose of This Guide .....................................................................................................................................Preface-i
How This Guide is Organized ..................................................................................................................... Preface-ii
Document Conventions .............................................................................................................................. Preface-iii
Related Guides ................................................................................................................................................ Preface-vi
Chapter 1
Features, Menu Tree, and Defaults ................................................................................................................1-1
Software Features .......................................................................................................................................................1-1
Switch Naming and Security Features............................................................................................ .............. 1-3
Switch Default Settings .............................................................................................................................................1-4
Setting Switch Defaults .............................................................................................................................................1-5
Menu Tree ..................................................................................................................... .................................................1-6
Chapter 2
Getting Started with Local and Remote Omega ......................................................................................2-1
Getting Started with Local Omega .......................................................................................................................2-1
Configuring Your Terminal Emulator Program ......................................................................................... 2-1
Starting an Omega Session............................................................................................................................... 2-2
Entering an IP Address ....................................................................................................................................... 2-3
Quitting a Session ................................................................................................................................................ 2-3
Remote Management Requirements ...................................................................................................................2-4
Managing Your Switch in a TCP/IP-based Network ........................................................................................2-4
TCP/IP with BootP or DHCP .............................................................................................................................. 2-4
TCP/IP without BootP ......................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Non-TCP/IP Networks ......................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Configuration Options ....................................................................................................................................... 2-5
iii
Table of Contents
Chapter 3
Getting Started With Browser Management .............................................................................................3-1
Browser Requirements .......................................................................................................... ....................................3-1
Starting a Browser Session .................................................................................................... ...................................3-2
Navigating Around the Switch ...............................................................................................................................3-3
Chapter 4
Configuration and Administration ................................................................................................................4-1
Connecting to a Remote System ...........................................................................................................................4-3
Pinging a Remote System ........................................................................................................................................4-4
Enabling or Disabling a Port ....................................................................................................................................4-5
Configuring IP Parameters .......................................................................................................................................4-6
Naming the Switch .....................................................................................................................................................4-8
Change/Delete the Switch Name ............................................................................................................... 4-10
Naming the Port ....................................................................................................................................................... 4-11
Changing or Deleting a Port Name ............................................................................................................ 4-13
Assigning a Password to the Switch ................................................................................................................. 4-14
Forgetting Your Password............................................................................................................................. 4-14
Enabling Store-and-forward or Cut-through (Fragment-Free) ............................................................... 4-15
Enabling Auto-Negotiate/Half-Duplex/Full-Duplex .................................................................................... 4-17
Enabling Transmit Pacing ..................................................................................................................................... 4-18
Setting Up a VT100 .................................................................................................................................................. 4-19
Setting Up a Generic (Dumb) Terminal..................................................................................................... 4-19
Setting Full-Duplex/ Half-Duplex Mode ................................................................................................... 4-19
Setting Baud Rates ........................................................................................................................................... 4-20
Setting Time Out Protection ................................................................................................................................ 4-21
Deleting a Previously Configured Timeout Value................................................................................. 4-21
Enabling/Disabling Omega Access .................................................................................................................... 4-22
Local Omega....................................................................................................................................................... 4-22
Remote Omega.................................................................................................................................................. 4-22
Web-based Omega .......................................................................................................................................... 4-22
Enabling/Disabling Backpressure ...................................................................................................................... 4-23
Performing Software Upgrades Via TFTP ........................................................................................................ 4-24
Conditions for Network Downloads via TFTP......................................................................................... 4-24
Using TFTP........................................................................................................................................................... 4-24
Downloading from One Switch to Another ............................................................................................ 4-25
Broadcast Updated Software to All Systems .......................................................................................... 4-26
Using XModem to Download....................................................................................................................... 4-27
Configuring for Bridging ....................................................................................................................................... 4-28
Configuring Spanning Tree Parameters ................................................................................................... 4-29
Designating the Root Port............................................................................................................................. 4-31
Selecting Global Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 4-33
Enabling/Disabling Port Trunking ..................................................................................................................... 4-34
iv
AT-S20 User’s Guide
Chapter 5
Virtual LAN Configuration ..................................................................................................................................5-1
Configuration Information................................................................................................................................ 5-5
Port Information ................................................................................................................................................... 5-5
Adding a New VLAN............................................................................................................................................ 5-7
Port to VLAN Configuration.............................................................................................................................. 5-9
Deleting a Port from a VLAN or Changing Port’s VLAN Assignment.............................................. 5-10
Chapter 6
Monitoring .................................................................................................................................................................6-1
Activity Monitor ...........................................................................................................................................................6-2
MAC Address Table .....................................................................................................................................................6-3
Show All MAC Addresses................................................................................................................................... 6-4
Show By Port MAC Addresses.......................................................................................................................... 6-4
Get Port from MAC Address ............................................................................................................................. 6-5
Static MAC Addresses ................................................................................................................................................6-6
Show All Static MAC Addresses....................................................................................................................... 6-6
Show Per Port Static MAC Addresses............................................................................................................ 6-7
Delete/Add Static MAC Address ..................................................................................................................... 6-8
Add/Delete Static MAC Addresses and Selecting Ports for Multicasts ............................................. 6-9
Clearing Static MAC Table.............................................................................................................................. 6-11
Locating Your Switch’s MAC Address ........................................................................................................ 6-11
Security/Source Address Table ............................................................................................................................ 6-12
Source Address Learning Mode................................................................................................................... 6-13
Security Threshold ............................................................................................................................................ 6-15
Intruder Protection ........................................................................................................................................... 6-17
Setting Security/Source Address Table Options ........................................................................................... 6-19
Setting Source Address Learning Mode ................................................................................................... 6-19
Setting Security Threshold............................................................................................................................. 6-20
Setting Number of MAC Address ................................................................................................................ 6-20
Setting Intruder Protection ........................................................................................................................... 6-21
Mirror Port ................................................................................................................................................................... 6-23
Port Status ................................................................................................................................................................... 6-25
Port Numbering ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-26
Statistics: Received and Transmitted Ethernet Frames ............................................................................... 6-28
Viewing Switch Statistics................................................................................................................................ 6-28
Viewing Port Statistics ..................................................................................................................................... 6-33
Interpreting the Graphs .................................................................................................................................. 6-34
Using the Graphs as a Monitoring and Diagnostics Tool ................................................................... 6-35
v
Table of Contents
Chapter 7
Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................................................7-1
Resetting the Switch ..................................................................................................................................................7-2
To Reset the Switch............................................................................................................................................. 7-2
Running Diagnostics ..................................................................................................................................................7-3
Getting Help ..................................................................................................................................................................7-4
Resetting Statistics Counters ..................................................................................................................................7-5
To Reset Switch (System) Counters............................................................................................................... 7-5
Appendix A
Spanning Tree Protocol ...................................................................................................................................... A-1
Concepts ....................................................................................................................................................................... A-1
Features.................................................................................................................................................................. A-2
Parameters ............................................................................................................................................................ A-2
Operations............................................................................................................................................................. A-3
Index .................................................................................................................................................................... Index-1
vi
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The purpose of this guide is to instruct network administrators on
how to manage their switch by using the Omega management
software to configure and monitor the device. By using the Omega
software, a network administrator can manage the switch in several
ways:
❑
Remotely
❑
Locally
❑
Web-based
Network administrators should be familiar with Ethernet switches,
bridging, and the spanning tree protocol.
Preface-i
How This Guide is Organized
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This guide is composed of the following sections:
Chapter 1, Features, Menu Tree, and Defaults, which presents the
major switch features, a menu tree that displays the primary and
secondary menus, and a list of switch defaults in tabular form.
Chapter 2, Getting Started with Local and Remote Omega, provides
instructions on how to set up the switch for remotely or locally
managing the switch.
Chapter 3, Getting Started With Browser Management, provides
instructions on how to use a browser to manage the switch.
Chapter 4, Configuration and Administration, describes the
management tasks according to switch, configuration, port
configuration and administration.
Chapter 5, Virtual LAN Configuration, provides a brief discussion of
Allied Telesyn’s implementation of VLANs.
Chapter 6, Monitoring, describes the tasks related to monitoring the
switch.
Chapter 7, Diagnostics, describes the testing procedures using the
Omega menus.
Appendix A, Spanning Tree Protocol, provides a brief explanation of
Spanning Tree Algorithm and its use with the switch
At the end of this guide is an Index according to subject matter.
Preface-ii
AT-S20 User’s Guide
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The conventions used in this guide are as follows:
❑
For DEC VT100 or ANSI (the default) terminal configuration:
When directed
To select an option
You must
Highlight the option by pressing the Up
(↑) or Down (↓) arrow key; then press
RETURN
or
Type the first character of the option you
want at the prompt and then press
RETURN.
If two or more options have matching
initial characters, type the first characters
enough times until the option you want
is highlighted; then press RETURN.
To enter information, for
example, IP address
Type the correct IP address and press
RETURN
To return to the previous
screen (Omega only)
Select the option
or
Press ESC
To return to the previous
screen (Browser)
Select the Back button
To return to Main Menu
(Omega)
Highlight Return to Main menu... and
then press RETURN
To return to Main Menu
(Browser)
Select the Main Menu icon.
All procedures in this guide are based on the default terminal
configuration.
Preface-iii
Document Conventions
❑
For generic (dumb terminal) terminal configuration:
When directed
To select an option
You must
Type the first character of the option you
want and then press RETURN.
If two or more options have matching initial
characters, type enough characters for
Omega to distinguish your choice from the
other options; then press RETURN. To guide
you, the characters you must type are in
uppercase.
For example:
Mirroring configuration
MAC Address Table
If options on a list are preceded by numbers
(1:, 2:, 3:, etc.), type the number
corresponding to your choice at the prompt;
then press RETURN.
To enter information,
for example, IP
address
Type the correct IP address at the prompt
and press RETURN.
To return to the
previous screen
Press RETURN after making an entry.
❑
Selecting a configuration:
Omega denotes a default configuration by preceding it with a
>. For example, DEC VT100 configuration is shown to be the
terminal type in the following screen:
> VT100-compatible / ANSI
Generic dumb terminal
Preface-iv
AT-S20 User’s Guide
The default selection in a DEC VT100 terminal configuration
also appears darker. If you change the option, Omega changes
the user interface by moving the > to the new selection. For
example:
VT100-compatible / ANSI
> Generic dumb terminal
❑
Selecting menu options:
Menus and submenus are in courier type. Menu hierarchies
are separated by a >.
Menu: Administration
Menu: Administration>IP parameters
❑
Entering variables:
Variables are information you must supply, as in IP addresses,
MAC addresses, or port numbers. Variables are enclosed in
angle brackets (< >).
For example, to configure a specific port:
Select Port status and
configuration><PortNumber>
where <PortNumber> can be Port 1, or 2, and so on.
Note
A note provides additional information.
Warning
A warning informs you that performing or omitting a specific action
may result to bodily injury.
Caution
A caution informs you that performing or omitting a specific action
may result to equipment damage or loss of data.
Preface-v
Related Guides
5HODWHG#*XLGHV
Allied Telesyn wants our customers to be well informed by providing
the most up-to-date and easily accessible guides and other technical
information.
Visit our website at: www.alliedtelesyn.com and download the
following guide:
AT-3726XL, AT-3716XL, AT-3714FXL Installation Guide,
613-10766-00
AT-3726, AT-3714F Installation Guide,
613-10708-00
The following guides are shipped with the product:
AT-3726XL and AT-3716XL Quick Install Guide,
613-10769-00
AT-3726XL and AT-3716XL Translated Safety Information
Booklet, 613-10768-00
AT-3714FXL Quick Install Guide,
613-10767-00
AT-3714FXL Translated Safety Information Booklet,
613-10770-00
AT-A10, AT-A11 Quick Install Guide,
613-10742-00
AT-3726 Quick Install Guide,
613-10668-00
AT-3726 Translated Safety Information Booklet,
PN 613-10673-00
AT-3714F Quick Install Guide,
613-10707-00
AT-3714F Translated Safety Information Booklet,
PN 613-10717-00
AT-3701, AT-3701F/SC Quick Install Guide,
613-10669-00
Preface-vi
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The switches have the following major software management
features:
❑
Supports industry-standard 802.1Q VLAN tagging and
supports a maximum of 32 port-based and tag-based VLANs
(XL versions only)
❑
Security (XL versions only)
❑
Backpressure (XL versions only) and transmit pacing provide
one-way flow control to relieve congested networks
❑
Port mirroring
❑
Firmware is factory-installed and ready to use
❑
User configuration for store-and-forward and cut-through
packet switching for non-XL versions; store and forward only
for XL versions
❑
Auto-negotiation on 10 Mbps and 10/100 Mbps UTP ports in
compliance with IEEE 802.3u
❑
Mulitcast address support which allows users to specify the
recipient port for multicast packets
❑
All UTP and fiber ports are software configurable for full- and
half-duplex
❑
Port B (optional uplink) can be configured as either a 10/100
Mbps UTP or a 100 Mbps fiber uplink
1-1
Software Features
1-2
❑
Port Trunking allows configuring of Ports A and B to function
as a single uplink port which effectively increases the
throughput of the connection.
❑
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) support
❑
System configuration, management, and diagnostics using
Allied Telesyn’s Omega interface, accessible locally via an
RS232 asynchronous terminal port, remotely via Telnet, or a
web browser.
❑
Software upgrades using Xmodem via the RS232 port or TFTP
to download software to switches on the network
❑
Broadcast software from a switch to one or all switches on the
network
❑
Web-based management
❑
SNMP agent that allows the switch management from the
user’s network management station
❑
Support for BootP and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) for IP parameters
❑
Support for DEC VT100/ANSI (the default), or generic (dumb)
terminal configuration
❑
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo PING support
❑
Domain name service support (DNS)
AT-S20 User’s Guide
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The switch provides configurable options for customizing for
example,
❑
Naming the switch and its ports
Names are more descriptive and easier to remember than
addresses.
Port names can be associated with the user assigned to the
port or an office location. The need to use symbolic names
becomes more apparent as you add more switches and
therefore multiply the number of ports you must manage.
❑
Enabling security features
Although passwords are not required to access the
management menus, with the Omega Options menu, you can
prevent (disable) either Local Omega, Remote Omega, or webbased Omega, create password protection, and enable
timeout.
A timeout value automatically terminates a management
session after a given period when someone leaves a current
session unattended.
1-3
Switch Default Settings
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Table 1-1 lists the switch default settings.
Table 1-1 Switch Default Settings
Settings
Default
IP Address
0.0.0.0
Subnet Mask
0.0.0.0
Gateway Address
0.0.0.0
Get community string
public
Set community string
private
Trap community string
public
Port mirroring state
Disabled
Spanning Tree Protocol
Disabled
Omega Access
Enabled
System Name
None
Password (Omega)
No password assigned
Download Password
ATS20
Port Priority
128
Port Path Cost
100 (AT-3726)
Auto-negotiate, Full-duplex or Half-duplex (per port)
Auto-negotiate (AT-3726XL,AT-3726,
AT-3716XL)
Half-duplex (AT-3714FXL, AT-3714F)
Spanning Tree Priority
32768
Maximum Aging Time
20 seconds
Forwarding Delay
15
Hello Time
2 seconds
Transmit Pacing/Backpressure
Disabled
Bridge Identifier (STP)
32768 (bridge priority)
Port Priority (STP)
128
Port Cost (STP)
100 for 10 Mbps ports
10 for 100 Mbps ports
Domain Name
None
Timeout Value
5 minutes
Default VLAN Name
Default VLAN
1-4
AT-S20 User’s Guide
6HWWLQJ#6ZLWFK#'HIDXOWV
To set your switch to the factory defaults, do the following:
Warning
This operation deletes existing switch configurations.
1. Attach a terminal or PC to the RS232 port located on the front
panel of the switch and start the terminal emulation program.
2. Press RESET located on the right side of the switch’s front panel.
3. Immediately press any key when you see Hit any key to run
diagnostics or to reload system software. A menu
then displays.
4. Select D from the menu. The following warning message displays:
WARNING: This will erase all current
configuration data!
Continue? Y/N
5. Select Y.
The system displays: All configuration data has
been reset to factory default values.
6. Press B to boot the switch software.
1-5
Menu Tree
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The following illustration shows the Omega Menu tree.
Port status and
configuration
Ethernet statistics
Administration
Enable this port
Disable (partition) this port
Receive Good Frames
Auto negotiate
Full duplex
Half duplex
Filtered Frames
Update software in
another sytem
Broadcast updated
software to all systems
Broadcasts
Store-and-forward
Cut-through(fragment-free)1
System
Configuration
System name
Default VLAN Aging Time
Omega Options
XModem software update
to this system
Multicasts
IP Parameters
Transmit pacing enable
No transmit pacing
CRC Errors
Connect to a remote
system
Alignment Errors
Global config
Ping a remote system
Terminal configuration
Undersized Frames
Port name
Activity monitor
Fragments
Diagnostics
Long Frames
Reset and restart the
system
Transmit Statistics
Individual port overview
RMON Statistics
Port RMON Statistics
Zero all statistics counters
on the entire system
1. For non-XL versions only
2. For XL versions only
Figure 1-1 Omega Menu Tree (1 of 2)
1-6
Security/Source 2
Address Table
Back pressure 2
Port Trunking
AT-S20 User’s Guide
Traffic/Port
Mirroring
Virtual LAN
3
Enabled
Virtual LAN definitions
Disabled
Port to VLAN
configuration
Bridge
Spanning tree parameters
Port spanning tree
configuration
MAC Address
Show all MAC addresses
By port MAC addresses
Get Port From MAC
Address
All static MAC addresses
Per port static MAC
addresses
Multicast addresses
Clear static MAC table
3. For XL versions only
Figure 1-2 Omega Menu Tree (2 of 2)
1-7
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To locally managing your switch, simply connect a terminal or PC
directly to the switch’s RS232 port to access the Omega menus. See
the following sections.
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To set the terminal emulator program, do the following:
1. Access the terminal emulator program on your PC (VT100) and set
the following:
❑
Data bits to 8
❑
Stop bits to 1
❑
Parity to None
❑
Full-duplex (using straight-through cable)
❑
Autobaud
Note
The diagnostics that run during the system boot output only at 9600
bps. Therefore, Allied Telesyn recommends this speed setting.
2. Press <Return> several times to ensure baud autoconfiguration.
2-1
Getting Started with Local Omega
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Once you have established a connection to the switch, the Omega
Main Menu displays.
The banner reflects the name of your switch. This example shows
that the AT-3714FXL switch is operating and the switch name is
Accounting.
Allied Telesyn AT-3714FXL Ethernet Switch
Accounting
Main Menu
Port status and configuration
Ethernet statistics
Administration
System configuration
Traffic/Port Mirroring
Virtual LANs
Bridging
MAC Address Table
Quit
Figure 2-1 Omega Main Menu (AT-3714FXL)
By selecting System Configuration from the main menu, the
following screen displays. The default settings are always in bold
print on the screen.
Allied Telesyn AT-3714FXL Ethernet Switch
Accounting
Main Menu
Password: Null (not configured)
Timeout: 5
Local Omega Enabled
Disabled Local Omega
Remote Omega Enabled
Remote Omega Disabled
Web-based Omega Enabled
Exclude Web-based omega
Return to system Configuration Menu ...
Figure 2-2 System Configuration Menu
2-2
AT-S20 User’s Guide
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If you have a TCP/IP network but do not have a BootP server, or DHCP
server, you must enter an IP address and subnet mask for the switch
through Omega.
1. Select System administration IP Parameters from the
Main Menu.
2. Select IP address and enter a unique IP address for the switch.
3. Select Subnet mask and enter the switch’s subnet mask.
4. Select Gateway address and enter the address if you are
sending packets to another IP network. The gateway address is
the router that can forward packets to the other IP networks.
Once the switch has an IP address, you may initiate Omega sessions
to it via Telnet. Note that you can only have one Telnet session
operating at any one time. The session can be either inbound or
outbound. If you have an inbound session to Omega, you do not
have the option of starting a new session (outbound connection).
Therefore, if you are already using Telnet, the Omega option
Connect to a remote system will not be available (described
in detail in Chapter 4, Connecting to a Remote System on page 43). In addition, a local RS232 connection blocks a Telnet session and
vice versa.
Note
For non-IP environments, you can use MAC addresses to connect to
remote Allied Telesyn switches only if there are no routers between
the two switches. If you have assigned unique names, you may use
these also.
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Select Quit from the Main Menu to terminate the session. If you
accessed the switch through the network, selecting Quit also cuts
the connection.
It is important to select Quit when you are done with Omega;
otherwise, you may block other remote sessions, local sessions, or
software downloads. To avoid possible lockouts, see Setting Time
Out Protection on page 4-21.
Note
After you have configured your switch using the Omega
management software, you must quit the session and disconnect the
RS232 cable.
2-3
Remote Management Requirements
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You can remotely manage your switch, but first you must have one of
the following:
❑
The switch’s pre-configured MAC address (located below the
RS232 Terminal Port label on the switch’s front panel
❑
A unique IP address if you use TCP/IP (by either assigning one
to the remote switch or by having your BootP/DHCP server
provide the needed parameters
❑
A unique name for the switch that you assign via Omega (see
Naming the Switch on page 4-8.
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To manage the switch in a TCP/IP based network, you must first:
❑
Configure the switch’s IP parameters, or
❑
Automatically get an IP address via BootP or DHCP
Note
You do have the option to manage the switch using either SNMP or
Omega Remote, via Telnet or web browser.
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The function of the BootP utility within an IP server is to enter an IP
address into the switch. Whenever you reset or power on/off the
switch, the switch transmits a request packet to the server every
three seconds to obtain the required IP parameters. (The BootP
utility and the DHCP both make three attempts each.)
If the requesting switch does not receive a BootP or DHCP response
after the third request, it will operate with a computed pseudo IP
address based on the switch’s MAC address for Allied Telesyn switchto-switch communication, i.e., downloads.
If the switch receives a BootP or DHCP response, it extracts the IP
address, Subnet Mask, and Gateway/Router address from the
response packet and uses these parameters to configure itself until
the next power-on or reset. Additionally, if the BootP response
packet specifies a filename and a TFTP host address, then the switch
sends a TFTP “get” request to the specified host using the specified
filename. This initiates a TFTP download of operating software and
allows you to maintain the downloaded server software.
2-4
AT-S20 User’s Guide
7&32,3#ZLWKRXW
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To manage the switch using SNMP, Telnet or web browser, you must
at least enter the IP address and subnet mask using the Omega
menus.
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To manage your switch on a non-TCP/IP network, you need to locally
connect to one switch in the segment (see Configuration Options
on page 2-5). You can then connect to other segments on the same
segment using the techniques described in Chapter 4, Connecting
to a Remote System.
Note
You cannot manage the switch using a web browser without
configuring TCP/IP information.
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Network administrators can use the configurable options for their
individualized switch performance. For example:
❑
Name the switch and its ports
Names are more descriptive and easier to remember than
addresses.
Port names can be associated with the user assigned to the
port or an office location. The need to use symbolic names
becomes more apparent as you add more switches and
therefore multiply the number of ports you must manage.
❑
Enable security features
Although passwords are not required to access the
management menus, with the Omega Options Menu, you can
prevent (disable) either Local Omega, Remote Omega, or webbased Omega, create password protection, and enable
timeout.
A timeout value automatically terminates a management
session after a given period when someone leaves a current
session unattended.
Proceed to Chapter 4, Configuration and Administration and
Chapter 6, Monitoring.
2-5
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To use AT-S20 software via a browser, you need the following:
❑
A computer connected to any network port
❑
A Web browser, such as Netscape Navigator®, installed on the
computer
❑
The IP address of the switch (see Chapter 2, Configuration
Options)
Note
While only one local or remote Omega session can be opened, there
can be multiple web-based sessions opened at any time.
3-1
Starting a Browser Session
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To access the switch using your browser, do the following:
1. If your network is using a proxy server, you will need to make
exceptions for the switches that you want to manage. Refer to the
documentation provided with your web browser.
Note
At minimum, you must have Netscape version 3.0 or any other
industry-standard browser to manage the switch via a browser.
2. At the Universal Resource Locator (URL) prompt, enter the
switch’s IP address. The following screen is displayed.
Note
For easy access, you may want to bookmark the URL for the switches
you access frequently.
3-2
AT-S20 User’s Guide
1DYLJDWLQJ#$URXQG#WKH#6ZLWFK
The switch’s front panel is active. You can click anywhere on the
switch and a menu or table displays. For example, if you click Port 15,
that port’s settings appear, as shown in Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1 Port 15 Settings
3-3
Navigating Around the Switch
If you click any other area other than a specified port on the switch’s
front panel, the following table displays.
Figure 3-2 Port Link, Status, and Mode States
You also can click on the Omega Main Menu.
You are now ready to configure your switch. See Chapter 4,
Configuration and Administration.
3-4
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This chapter describes the management tasks according to switch,
configuration, port configuration and administration.
Switch configuration covers the following topics:
❑
Naming the Switch on page 4-8
❑
Assigning a Password to the Switch on page 4-14
❑
Setting Up a VT100 on page 4-19
❑
Setting Time Out Protection on page 4-21
❑
Enabling/Disabling Omega Access on page 4-22
❑
Enabling/Disabling Backpressure on page 4-23
❑
Enabling/Disabling Port Trunking on page 4-34
Port configuration covers the following topics:
❑
Enabling or Disabling a Port on page 4-5
❑
Naming the Port on page 4-11
❑
Enabling Auto-Negotiate/Half-Duplex/Full-Duplex on
page 4-17
❑
Enabling Transmit Pacing on page 4-18
❑
Selecting Global Configuration on page 4-33
4-1
Administration covers the following topics:
4-2
❑
Pinging a Remote System on page 4-4
❑
Configuring IP Parameters on page 4-6
❑
Performing Software Upgrades Via TFTP on page 4-24
❑
Using XModem to Download on page 4-27
❑
Configuring for Bridging on page 4-28
AT-S20 User’s Guide
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0HQX1#Administration> Connect to a remote system
This option allows you to use a AT-3726XL, AT-3726, AT-3716XL or
AT-3714FXL, AT-3714F switch to connect to and manage another
Allied Telesyn device. You can also use Telnet.
Select Administration> Connect to a remote system.
Please specify the system to connect to:
The system may be identified by name (‘name’),
by IP address (128.2.3.4), or by Ethernet
address (0000F4 123456)
->_
3. Enter one of the following: system name or DNS name if any,
IP address, or MAC address.
Once the information is validated and the connection to the
remote switch is open, you immediately get the Omega
menus. You may then use the Omega menus to configure the
remote switch or run diagnostics.
The only option that is not available is Connect to a
remote system from the Administration menu (the
same is true if you used Telnet).
4. Select Quit when you are done.
Note
It is important that you select Quit after the Omega session.
Otherwise, you may block other sessions or software downloads via
the network to the remote switch. See also Setting Time Out
Protection on page 4-21.
4-3
Pinging a Remote System
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To ping a remote system, use the PING facility to test the reachability
of receiving systems by sending them an Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP) echo request and by then waiting for a reply.
0HQX1#Administration> Ping a remote system
1. Select Administration> Ping a remote system.
Please enter station to ping:
The system may be identified by name (‘name’),
by IP address (128.2.3.4), or by Ethernet address
(0000F4 123456).
Note: Ping will repeat until a key is hit
->
2. Enter one of the following: system name, IP address, or
Ethernet address. The following screen displays.
Ping in Progress
Pinging: [Host 149.35.18.3, delay 1.000]
Ping 149.35.18.3 #1 ok RTT 0.111 seconds
Ping 149.35.18.3 #2 ok RTT 0.009 seconds
Ping 149.35.18.3 #3 ok RTT 0.001 seconds
Note
When using browser management, 19 pings are sent and then stop.
4-4
AT-S20 User’s Guide
(QDEOLQJ#RU#'LVDEOLQJ#D#3RUW
0HQX1#Port status and configuration> <Port
Number>
Ports are enabled as a default.
Disable a port if you suspect there is a problem and you want to
isolate the problem to that port, therefore preventing error
proliferation. You may also want to temporarily disable a port that is
not in use (an unoccupied office, for example) for security reasons.
1. Select Port Status and configuration to display the
list of ports.
2. Select a port number, for example, 1, from the list.
The port configuration screen appears here partially shown.
Port 1
Link State:
Online
Port State:
Enabled
Transmission Mode: Half Duplex
Please select an option:
>Enable this port
Disable (partition) this port
3. Select the option to enable or disable the selected port.
4. Select Return to Port Status Menu... to display the
list of ports with the updated information. For example, a
disabled Port 1 displays.
Disabled port
Port Status
Port
Link
Status
Mode
1:Finance
Online
Disabled
Half duplex
2:Sales
Online
Enabled
Full duplex
4-5
Configuring IP Parameters
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0HQX1# System Configuration> IP parameters
This option applies to TCP/IP based networks only. Some IP
parameters are required and others have default values you may
keep. There are also optional parameters for information purposes
only.
Note
If you have a BootP server and you have mapped the switch’s MAC
address to IP parameters, the switch will obtain its IP parameters from
the server.
1. Select System Configuration, then IP parameters.
Ip address:
141.00.01.00
Subnet mask:
255.255.0.0
Gateway address:
Domain Name Server
Default Domain Name
Manager address:
Null (not configured)
Manager address:
Null (not configured)
Manager address:
Null (not configured)
Manager address:
Null (not configured)
Download Password:
*****
Get community string:
public
Set community string:
private
Trap community string:
public
Location:
Null (not configured)
Contact:
Null (not configured)
Return to System Administrator Menu ...
2. Select the parameter you want to configure from the following
list. Then select Return to Main Menu.
Note
If you have a generic (dumb) terminal configuration, enter the letter
corresponding to your choice.
4-6
AT-S20 User’s Guide
IP address - This address is required.
Subnet mask - This is required.
Gateway address - This address is required if you need to send
packets from one IP network to another via a router.
Domain Name Server - This address is configurable and if
enabled, the DNS server will resolve names for IP commands,
such as Connect (Telnet), Ping, and TFTP downloads. When
entering an ASCII name at the Connect command, the switch
issues a DNS name lookup request to that particular DNS
configured server.
Default Domain Name - None. Optional parameter used in
resolution of DNS entities.
Manager address - You may enter IP addresses for a maximum
of four network management servers that will receive SNMP
traps. This parameter is optional.
Download Password - ATS20 (default, uppercase)
The download process requires this password to send
software from one switch to other switches in the network,
provided that the switches belong to the same product series
and that the download password is the same throughout the
switches. You can keep the default or change it. If you change
the download password of the source switch, the receiving
switches cannot accept software downloads from this switch.
Note
The software automatically searches for this password during
downloads without user input. This password is different from the
optional system password you configured to protect the switch from
unauthorized use.
SNMP community strings - The default community strings are
provided: Get=public, Set=private, Trap=public.
You have the option to keep or change them.
Location - You may enter a text string to indicate the physical
location of the switch. For example, enter First Floor,
Lab. This parameter is optional and is used for SNMP
management.
4-7
Naming the Switch
Contact - You may enter a text string to indicate the name,
phone number, and other useful information to help identify
the person responsible for the switch. This parameter is
optional and is used for SNMP management.
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0HQX1#System configuration> System name
The switch has several possible unique identifiers:
❑
A factory-designated MAC address
❑
An IP address that you assign, if you have TCP/IP
❑
A unique name that you assign for easy management
❑
An assigned DNS name in the software of the DNS server for
use with IP communication
Allied Telesyn recommends assigning unique names to switches to
avoid unwanted or accidental software downloads.
1. Select System configuration System name.
System name
Null (not configured)
2. Enter a name of up to 20 characters at the prompt, for example,
Accounting Switch.
4-8
AT-S20 User’s Guide
The system administration menu displays with the switch’s
name displayed at the top of the screen.
System Configuration Menu
Accounting
System Name
Default VLAN Aging Time
Accounting
Omega Options
IP parameters
Security/Source Address Table
Terminal configuration
Update software in another system
Broadcast updated software to all systems
Xmodem software update to this system
Connect to a remote system
Ping a remote system
Activity monitor
Diagnostics
Reset and restart the system
Return to Main Menu ...
3. Select Return to Main Menu.
The assigned switch name will display at the top of most of the
screens.
4-9
Naming the Switch
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1. Select System configuration> System name to display
the switch’s current name.
System name Accounting
2. Remove or change the current name.
3. Select the current name; press RETURN.
The greater-than arrow key displays indicating that the system
is ready to either accept a new name or delete the existing
name.
4. Press the space bar until the name has been deleted. Press
RETURN. Null (not configured) displays.
5. Return to the Main Menu.
The top of the screen no longer displays the switch’s name.
6. If you want to confirm the deletion, select System Name from
the System configuration menu.
System name Null (not configured)
4-10
AT-S20 User’s Guide
1DPLQJ#WKH#3RUW
0HQX1#Port status and configuration> <Port
Number>
Depending on the model, the switch has the following ports,
identified numerically, as listed in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Port Numbering
Switch
AT-3726XL,
AT-3726
Port #
Port Type
1-24
10Base-T
25
Remote management port for Omega
26 (Uplink port A) 10/100Base-TX
27 (Uplink port B) Optional MDA (TX or FX)
AT-3716XL
1-16
10Base-T
17
Remote management port for Omega
18 (Uplink port A) 10/100Base-TX
19 (Uplink port B) Optional MDA (TX or FX)
AT-3714FXL,
AT-3714F
1-12
10Base-FL
13
Remote management port for Omega
14 (Uplink port A) 100Base-FX
15 (Uplink port B) Optional MDA (TX or FX)
Because of the number of ports, you may find it more convenient to
manage the ports if you assign a unique name to each port. You can
associate a port number with a specific user or a location (for
example, Port 1 to Room 1147).
1. Select Port status and configuration to display the list
of ports.
2. Select a port number from the list.
4-11
Naming the Port
The port configuration screen is partially shown.
>Transmit Pacing Enabled
No Transmit Pacing
Port name
Port naming option
Return to Port Status Menu ...
3. Enter a port name. Then press RETURN.
Note
Enter a name of up to 20 characters, for example, Room 1147.
The system updates the port configuration screen by
displaying the name you entered at the top of the screen, as
shown in the following example.
Port 1 - Room 1147
Link State:
Online
Port State:
Enabled
Transmission Mode: Half duplex
Please select an option:
>Enable this port
Disable this port
4. Select Return to previous menu...
A current list of newly named ports displays.
Port Status
4-12
Port
Link
Status
Mode
1:Finance
Online Disabled
Half duplex
2:Sales
Online Enabled
Full duplex
AT-S20 User’s Guide
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1. Select Port status and configuration to display the
list of ports.
2. Select a port number, for example, 1, from the list to display the
port configuration screen.
3. Select Port name and press RETURN. Type a new port name or
delete the existing one. (Screen partially shown.) Press RETURN.
Transmit pacing enabled
>No transmit pacing
Port name Saturn
4. If deleting the port name, the system also erases the name from
the top of the screen.
5. Return to the Main Menu and select Port Configuration to
see the name deletion or change for the specified port.
The system displays an updated port list.
4-13
Assigning a Password to the Switch
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0HQX 1#System configuration> Omega options>
Password
Assigning a password protects the switch management software
from unauthorized configuration changes. Once you configure a
password, you need to enter it at the start of an Omega session.
1. Select System configuration> Omega options>
Password.
Password:
Null (not configured)
->
Timeout: 5
2. Highlight Null (not configured), press RETURN, then
enter a password (maximum 20 characters). Press RETURN again.
See Setting Time Out Protection on page 4-21 for additional
information.
3. Select Return to Main Menu.
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4-14
If you forget or lose your password, either reset the switch to factory
defaults (see Setting Switch Defaults on page 1-5) or contact Allied
Telesyn’s Technical Support.
AT-S20 User’s Guide
(QDEOLQJ#6WRUH0DQG0IRUZDUG#RU#&XW0WKURXJK#+)UDJPHQW0)UHH,
0HQX1#Port Status and configuration<PortNumber>
Forwarding method determines how the port handles packets. The
options you see on the port configuration screen is related to how
the switch is configured to forward packets as a whole. The default
setting for the switch is Store-and-Forward.
1. Select Port status and configuration to display the
list of ports.
2. Select a port number from the list.
The port configuration screen appears. Depending on the
switch’s forwarding method, your options for the port can be:
>Store-and-forward
Cut-through (fragment-free)
A: Port options if the switch uses store-and-forward method
Store-and-forward
>Cut-through (fragment-free)
B: Port options if the switch uses fragment free method
3. Select the forwarding method you want for the port.
Store-and-forward. In this default mode, the switch stores the
incoming packet until it has the entire packet, then forwards it
onto its destination.
The switch software checks for a valid CRC before forwarding the
packet and allows the switch to store the packet until network
resources, for example, an unused link, are available for
forwarding. This allows complete error checking. Store-andforward ensures data integrity and prevents packet errors from
being propagated in the network. On the other hand, every storeand-forward device in the path from the sender to the receiver
adds a small delay due to the time spent in storing and checking
the packet before forwarding it.
Select this forwarding method if you are running applications
where data integrity is more important than small delays.
4-15
Enabling Store-and-forward or Cut-through (Fragment-Free)
Cut-through (fragment-free). This option is available for non-XL
versions only. In this method, the switch starts to forward the
incoming packet to its destination while the packet is still being
received.
Cut-through (fragment-free) provides low latency for forwarding
frames and also filtering fragment frames by not transmitting a
frame until 64 bytes have been received by the switch. In cutthrough (fragment-free) mode, fragment frames or runts (frames
less than 64 bytes) are filtered, thus providing some network error
protection.
Select the cut-through (fragment-free) method if you are running
time-sensitive applications.
4-16
AT-S20 User’s Guide
(QDEOLQJ#$XWR01HJRWLDWH2+DOI0'XSOH[2)XOO0'XSOH[
0HQX1# Port status and configuration> <Port
Number>
The port’s transmission mode defines the direction that data can
move. The switch provides the following port transmission modes:
❑
Auto-negotiate (AT-3726XL, AT-3716XL, AT-3726 default)
❑
Full-duplex
❑
Half-duplex (AT-3714FXL, AT-3714F default)
1. Select Port Status and configuration to display the
list of ports.
2. Select a port number from the list of ports.
The port configuration screen appears (partial screen shown
only).
Link State: Online
Port State: Enabled
Transmission Mode: Full duplex
Please select an option:
>Enable this port
Disable (partition) this port
>Auto negotiate
Full duplex
Half duplex
Transmission mode options
3. Select the transmission mode you want for the port.
If you select Auto-negotiate, the switch detects the speed
and duplex settings of the connected device.
If the switch and end device are not set to the same setting, a high
collision rate could occur which may degrade network
performance.
4-17
Enabling Transmit Pacing
Note
Make sure that both ends of the connect are set to the same mode. If
only one end of the connection is capable of auto-negotiation, then
both ends of the connection must be manually set for speed and halfor full-duplex.
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Transmit Pacing is the switch’s capability to inject transmit delays
and is selectable on a per port basis. Transmit pacing introduces
delays into the normal transmission of packets, which delays
transmission attempts between stations thereby reducing the
probability of collisions during heavy traffic (as indicated by packet
deferrals and collisions). This situation applies in cases where
congestion exists within the switch. For example, all ports on the
switch are queueing up to send traffic out through only one uplink
port. When the congestion clears, the switch stops sending the
delays so that devices can begin retransmitting. This mode then
increases the chances of successful transmission.
1. Select Port status and configuration to display the
list of ports.
2. Select a port number from the list.
The port configuration screen displays. (Partial screen is shown
here.)
Transmit pacing enabled
>No transmit pacing
3. Select Transmit pacing enabled.
4-18
AT-S20 User’s Guide
6HWWLQJ#8S#D#97433
0HQX1 #System configuration> Terminal
configuration>VT100-compatible/ANSI
The system displays the default terminal configuration settings.
> VT100-compatible / ANSI
Generic “dumb” terminal
> 8 data bits
7 data bits
> 1 stop bit
2 stop bits
> No parity
Odd parity
Even parity
> Full duplex (echo)
Half duplex (no echo)
Data rate (“baud rate”) ...
To make your terminal selections, simply select the setting of you
choice, then select Return to previous menu... or
Return to Main Menu.
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0HQX1#System configuration> Terminal
Configuration> Generic dumb terminal
0HQX1#System configuration> Terminal
Configuration> Generic dumb terminal Full duplex
4-19
Setting Up a VT100
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0HQX1#System configuration> Terminal
Configuration> Generic dumb terminal> (Data rate
baud rate)...
Note
The default is automatic baud rate detection.
You can also select from the following fixed baud rates. Allied
Telesyn recommends 9600 bps.
Table 4-2 Fixed Baud Rates
19200 bps
600 bps
9600 bps
300 bps
4800 bps
150 bps
2400 bps
75 bps
1200 bps
4-20
AT-S20 User’s Guide
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0HQX1# System configuration> Omega Options
A timeout value is one way to protect the switch from unauthorized
use in case you forget to exit from Omega and then leave the switch
unattended. If you configure a timeout value, the software clocks the
elapsed time between the last time any key was pressed during an
Omega session and the current time. If the elapsed time exceeds the
timeout value, the software automatically terminates the session.
1. Select System administration> Omega Options.
Omega Options menu
Password: Null (not configured)
Timeout: 5
2. Enter a timeout value from 0 to 32,767 minutes. Press RETURN.
If the timeout value is set to zero, you must always quit after a
management session. Otherwise, subsequent Telnet sessions and
software uploads will be blocked to the switch. To avoid blocking
any Telnet sessions or software uploads, you must manually enter
Quit.
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If you want to delete a previously configured timeout value, repeat
the above procedure and enter 0 (zero) as the new value.
4-21
Enabling/Disabling Omega Access
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The default for Local Omega is Enabled. This means you can access
the Omega menus from a terminal or PC connected to the switch’s
RS232 port.
The default for Remote Omega is Enabled.
You still can use SNMP to manage the hub remotely. To change the
setting again, use Local Omega.
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The default for Web-based Omega is Enabled.
0HQX1# System configuration> Omega Options
Omega Options Menu
Brandy
Password:
Null (not configured)
Timeout:
5
> Local Omega Enabled
Disable Local Omega
> Remote Omega Enabled
No Remote Omega
> Web-based Omega Enabled
Exclude Web-based Omega
Return to System Configuration Menu ...
Figure 4-1 Enabling/Disabling Omega
4-22
AT-S20 User’s Guide
(QDEOLQJ2'LVDEOLQJ#%DFNSUHVVXUH
This feature is available for the XL versions only. For backpressure to
be implemented, the ports must be in half-duplex mode.
Backpressure is useful when a port’s input buffer is running low on of
memory resources. For example, outbound packets are traversing a
single uplink port. When backpressure is enabled, the switch
simulates a collision when its input buffers are nearly filled so that
sending devices will defer transmissions. These sending devices will
retry transmissions according to the Ethernet back-off algorithm.
Once switch resources are available again, the switch stops sending
the collision signals and devices can freely transmit again. Figure 4-2
shows backpressure enabled.
Figure 4-2 Enabling Backpressure
4-23
Performing Software Upgrades Via TFTP
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You can download software upgrades from a switch to one or more
switches on the network, or download onto a switch via Trivial File
Transfer Protocol (TFTP) from a TFTP server.
The switches initially use a factory-configured default download
password, ATS20 to authorize software downloads. You do not need
to manually enter this password to download software successfully.
Note
This download password can be changed to prevent unauthorized
changes to the switch firmware.
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The switch uses TFTP of the TCP/IP protocol suite to download
software to other switches whether or not your network uses TCP/IP.
TFTP is transparent to other devices on the network.
The switch can download software within the following conditions:
❑
The switches must be directly connected to the same
network cable or joined by switches or bridges and routers,
if the gateway addresses in both switches are properly
configured.
❑
All switches receiving the same software must use the same
download password (ATS20). See Configuring IP
Parameters on page 4-6).
If you have TFTP, you can use it to download an image file from the
switch with the upgraded software. When issuing the TFTP get or put
command, take note of the following variables:
Image file name. Get the latest from Allied Telesyn’s website at
www.alliedtelesyn.com.
IP address. This is the IP address of the switch that is the source
or destination of the file.
Download password. The default download password is
ATS20 in uppercase.
File type. The file type is octet or binary.
Note
TFTP platforms vary. Some have graphical user interfaces while other
platforms require you to type the commands.
4-24
AT-S20 User’s Guide
'RZQORDGLQJ
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0HQX1# Administration> Update software in
another system
Follow this procedure:
❑
To download software to another switch on the network
without physically being at the destination switch
❑
To ensure that all the switches on the network you intend to
upgrade will be upgraded, since you will be manually
upgrading one switch at a time
1. Select Update software in another system.
Please specify the system to be downloaded:
The system may be identified by name (‘name’),
by IP address (128.2.3.4), or by Ethernet
address (0000F4 123455).
2. Enter either the destination switch’s name, its IP address, or its
MAC address (also known as the Ethernet address printed above
the switch’s RS232 management port). Then press RETURN.
3. Select the Return to Main Menu icon to see a confirmation similar
to the following screen.
Activity monitor
load request received from Second Floor Computer
Room
loading... 000287-02A8C
completed.
Repeat this procedure to download software to every switch on the
network.
4-25
Performing Software Upgrades Via TFTP
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0HQX1# Administration> Broadcast Updated
Software to All Systems
Note
Plan a software broadcast during times when your network is not
busy.
1. Select Administration> Broadcast updated
software to All systems.
The switch announces the availability of the software to all
switches; in turn, the switches that need the upgrade respond
with a request message.
The screen immediately turns on the Activity Monitor screen and
displays the information as switches on the network request and
then receive the software.
Activity monitor
Broadcast notification sent
Broadcast notification sent
Broadcast notification sent
Note
You cannot undo this command once executed.
2. Select Return to Main Menu... without interrupting the
software download.
If you have many switches requesting the download, not all of them
may receive the download, especially if the network is busy. Repeat
the procedure to ensure that all switches receive the software
upgrade.
Note
Switches on your network with different download passwords will
not receive the software upgrades.
4-26
AT-S20 User’s Guide
8VLQJ#;0RGHP
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1. Select Adminstration<XModem software update to
this system.
Accounting
Ready to receive software upgrade via XModem.
Warning: During software update Management activity
is disabled.
Do XModem update now? (Yes or No):
2. Enter Yes.
The System host is now ready for download.Please
start your XMODEM transfer.
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Stop
Sending: ATS20 Retries: 0
The above screen displays the downloading progress and that there
were no retries.
4-27
Configuring for Bridging
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0HQX1# Bridging
The options under the Bridging Menu item are for configuring and
enabling spanning tree.
As a bridge, the switch:
❑
Learns source and destination MAC addresses of incoming
packets by storing the information in a forwarding table (see
also Activity Monitor on page 6-2).
❑
Forwards the packet to the destination’s network segment if
the source is from a different network segment; or discards
the packet if the source and destination address are on the
same segment because all stations on the segment have
already received the packet.
❑
Ages out the addresses (deletes the information from the
table) if undetected by any port within a user-defined or a
default elapsed time.
❑
Updates the MAC address table automatically as you add,
remove, or relocate devices on the network.
❑
Prevents loops with spanning tree.
❑
Updates other bridges with topology information by
periodically sending bridge protocol data units (BPDUs).
When you select Bridging from the Main Menu, the following
screen displays:
Spanning tree parameters
Port spanning tree confirmation
Return to Main Menu ...
Figure 4-3 Bridging Submenu
You are now ready to configure or disable spanning tree. Note that
Spanning Tree is on by default. See Configuring Spanning Tree
Parameters.
If you want an overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) before
proceeding, go to Appendix A, Spanning Tree Protocol.
4-28
AT-S20 User’s Guide
Note
Although defaults are adequate for most installations, changing
defaults should be done only if the network administrator
understands the IEEE 802.1d standard.
&RQILJXULQJ
6SDQQLQJ#7UHH
3DUDPHWHUV
0HQX1# Bridging Spanning tree parameters
Default spanning tree parameters are provided; you do not need to
change them.
1. Select Bridging, spanning tree parameters to display
the bridging options, as shown in the following screen.
Bridge configuration Menu
Bridge Identifier (Mac Address: Priority)
f32c20 5474b5: 32768
Root Bridge Identifier (Mac Address: Priority) f32c00 535b97: 32768
Cost to the root
0
Port closest to the root
1
Max Age
20
Forwarding Delay
15
Bridge Priority:
32768
Max age time:
20
Hello time:
2
Forwarding delay:
15
Return to bridge Menu ...
Figure 4-4 Spanning Tree Screen
2. Select Bridge Priority and enter a priority number.
The number can be from 0 to 65,535 with 0 being the highest
priority. The number consists of a 2-byte bridge priority number
and a 6-byte MAC address. Bridges use this number to determine
the root bridge for a loop-free implementation. If bridges happen
to have equal priority values, the bridge with the numerically
lowest MAC address becomes the root bridge.
When the root bridge malfunctions, the bridge with the next
priority number (the next lowest MAC address) automatically
takes over as root bridge.
4-29
Configuring for Bridging
3. Enter Max age time to get the next screen and enter the aging
time in seconds at the prompt.
The aging time can be from 6-40 seconds, with 20 seconds as a
default. All bridges in a bridged LAN use this aging time to test the
age of stored configuration messages called bridge protocol data
units (BPDUs).
For example, if you use the default 20, all bridges delete current
configuration messages after 20 seconds.
Note
Aging time for BPDUs are different from aging time in the MAC
address table.
4. Enter Hello time and enter the time in seconds at the prompt.
Hello time can be from 1-10 seconds, with 2 seconds as the
default. Bridges use this parameter to determine the time interval
between generating and sending configuration messages.
5. Enter Forwarding delay value and enter the time in seconds.
The default is 15 seconds. The time indicates the waiting period
before a bridge changes to a new state, for example, becomes the
new root bridge after the topology changes. If the bridge
transitions too soon, not all links may have yet adapted to the
change; therefore, loops may result.
6. Select Return to Main Menu and repeat the procedure if you
want to reconfigure the spanning tree parameters for
Administration.
4-30
AT-S20 User’s Guide
'HVLJQDWLQJ#WKH
5RRW#3RUW
0HQX1# Bridging> Port spanning tree
configuration
In this procedure, you identify the root port and the path cost for the
spanning tree. Default values will work for the majority of the users;
but for purposes of illustration, Port 1 will be the root. All ports have
priority 128 and cost values are 100 by default.
1. Select Port spanning tree configuration from the
Bridging Menu to get a similar list shown on the screen.
Charlie
Port
Priority
Cost
1:
128
100
2:
128
100
3:
128
100
4:
128
100
5:
128
100
6:
128
100
7:
128
100
8:
128
100
9:
128
100
10:
128
100
11:
128
100
12:
128
100
More...
Enable Spanning Tree for All Ports
Disable Spanning Tree for All Ports
Return to Bridge Menu ...
2. Select a port number, for example, 1, to get a screen similar to the
following.
Bridge Menu
Port 1 - Finance
>Enable Spanning Tree
Disable Spanning Tree
Priority:128
Cost:
100
Return to previous menu ...
4-31
Configuring for Bridging
3. Select Priority to get the next screen and enter 0 as the
priority number at the prompt to make Port 1 the root port.
The range is 0-255. When the designated root port is disabled or
the cable connection breaks, the STP algorithm reconfigures an
alternate path to the LAN by identifying the port with the next
lowest priority number.
4. Select Cost to get the next screen and enter a cost parameter
ranging from 1-65,535; or keep the default value.
The spanning tree algorithm uses the cost parameter in
combination with the priority to decide which bridges provide
the lowest cost path to the root bridge for that LAN.
Higher port costs are associated with ports of lower bandwidth,
and vice versa. For example, 100 is the cost for a 10 Mbps port, 10
for a 100 Mbps port, and 1 for a 1 Gbps port.
You are done with spanning tree configuration. Now that the
required parameters have been configured, bridges can make a
determination on the best single path to a destination.
A formula determines the amount of time it takes for the topology to
reconfigure, depending upon the spanning tree values you use.
Refer to the IEEE specification for details.
4-32
AT-S20 User’s Guide
6HOHFWLQJ#*OREDO#&RQILJXUDWLRQ
0HQX1#Port Status and configuration> <Port
Number> >Global Config
Selecting this option copies the displayed port configuration
(enable, auto-negotiate, etc.) to all regular (non-uplink) ports on the
switch without changing the port names or VLAN assignments. Port
names and VLAN assignments remain as originally defined.
1. Select Port Status and configuration to display the list
of ports.
2. Select a port number, for example, 1 , from the list.
3. Select the Global Config option.
4. Confirm your action.
5. Select Return to Port Status Menu... to display the
list of ports with the updated information.
4-33
Enabling/Disabling Port Trunking
(QDEOLQJ2'LVDEOLQJ#3RUW#7UXQNLQJ
Port Trunking configures Ports A and B to function as a single uplink
port to increase the bandwidth of the connection. Communication
streams between two devices across the trunked uplink port will
always be passed on the same physical port. If one trunk port
becomes inactive, the other continues to operate and handle all
uplink traffic. When the inactive port recovers, the switch
automatically resumes its operation; no reset is required.
This option displays only when both uplink ports are installed.
Note
Port Trunking requires that both uplink ports be of the same type and
operate in the same mode.
When enabled, this option copies the port configuration parameters
and the port VLAN assignments of Port A to Port B. All changes to
Port A parameters or VLANs assignments also change Port B. Both
ports operate as a single uplink until this option is disabled.
The Port name field in the Port Status and Configuration menu
displays the ports as “Trunk #1/active” or “Trunk #1/inactive” for each
of the ports, according to their status.
1. Select System configuration > Enable Port
Trunking.
2. Select Return to System Configuration Menu…,
then select Port Status and configuration Menu...
to display the list of ports with the updated information.
4-34
&KDSWHU 8
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This chapter introduces VLAN configuration as it applies to Allied
Telesyn’s implementation of VLANs. VLAN features are provided only
on the XL versions of the switches. The XL versions support portbased VLANs and 802.1Q (draft 8) VLAN tagging.
0HQX1Virtual LANs.
Figure 5-1 Virtual LANs Menu
By default, the switch has one port-based VLAN (all ports’ VLAN
assignment showing as Default VLAN) and one spanning tree
domain. In most situations, users find the defaults acceptable and do
not require further configuration; however, your network may
require assigning end stations into logical groupings, regardless of
their physical location.
5-1
Virtual LAN Configuration
You can group your end stations logically through VLANs.
Information exchange is confined within the members of a given
VLAN. A VLAN constitutes one broadcast domain; therefore,
broadcast packets from an end station only go to other stations
within the same VLAN.
Port-based VLANs cannot communicate with each other through the
switch; they require a router to do this (Figure 5-2).
AT-3714FXL
#2
#4
#8
#6
#10
VLAN 1
#12
#11
VLAN 2
Router
Figure 5-2 VLAN Example
Advantages of Using VLANs
❑
You have the flexibility of grouping workstations logically or
functionally, regardless of their physical location on the
network.
❑
You can change VLAN memberships anytime by software
configuration without moving the workstations physically, or
change group memberships by simply moving a cable from
one port to another.
❑
With VLAN tagging, the ability to group workstations into
logical work groups is more versatile. You can assign a port to
be an uplink to another 802.1Q-compatible switch and enable
it to carry all VLAN traffic instead of using one uplink port per
each VLAN port configured.
The VLAN ID used to tag incoming packets without a tag is called the
Port Virtual LAN (PVID) for the specified port.
5-2
AT-S20 User’s Guide
When a port is a member of a port-based VLAN, it is internally
assigned a unique Port VLAN ID or PVID. This PVID is added as a VLAN
tag as frames enter this port. This PVID is used to route the frame
through the switch and through 802.1Q-based switches. This
enables legacy (non-802.1Q compliant) devices connected to the
switch to take advantage of the VLAN capabilities of the switch.
Note
The manager is a legacy device. It cannot interpret VLAN tags. The
management agent responds only to pings from any device that is
located within the same VLAN, defined by the management port’s
PVID.
Figure 5-3 shows how VLANs are used across uplink ports and
between two different manufacturer’s equipment. The switches have
the following VLAN configurations:
AT-3714FXL Configuration
❑
Port 1 is a member of the “Default VLAN”
❑
Ports 2 and 14 are members of VLAN #2
The AT-3714FXL is configured as follows:
❑
The AT-3714FXL will have a VLAN named “Default VLAN”. Port
1 will be both tagged and a port-based member of “Default
VLAN” with a PVID and a VLAN ID of 1. Port 15 is added as a tag
member so that “Default VLAN” will have access to the uplink
between switches.
❑
The AT-3714FXL will have a VLAN named “VLAN 2”. Ports 2 and
14 will be both a tagged and a port-based member of VLAN #2
with a PVID and a VLAN ID of 2. Port 15 is added as a tag
member so that “VLAN 2” will have access to the uplink
between switches.
❑
The AT-3714FXL will have a VLAN named “Uplink”. Port 15 will
be both tagged and a port-based member of VLAN “Uplink”
with a PVID and a VLAN ID of 3. See Figure 5-3.
AT-8518 Configuration
❑
Ports 1 and 3 are members of the “Default VLAN”
❑
Ports 2 is a member of VLAN #2
5-3
Virtual LAN Configuration
The AT-8518 is configured as follows:
Workstation #1
❑
The AT-8518 will have a VLAN named “Default VLAN”. Ports 1
and 3 will be both tagged and a port-based member of
“Default VLAN” with a PVID and a VLAN ID of 1. Port 10 is
added as a tag member so that “Default VLAN” will have
access to the uplink between switches.
❑
The AT-8518 will have a VLAN named “VLAN 2”. Port 2 will be
tagged and a port-based member of VLAN #2 with a PVID and
VLAN ID of 2. Port 10 is added as a tag member so that “VLAN
2” will have access to the uplink between switches.
❑
The AT-8518 will have a VLAN named “Uplink”. Port 10 will be
tagged and a port-based member of VLAN “Uplink” with a
PVID and a VLAN ID of 3. See Figure 5-3.
802.1Q Compliant Server “A”
Workstation #2
Port 2
Default VLAN
AT-3714FXL
VLAN #2
VLAN #2
Port 14
Port 1
PVID = 3
Port 15
AT-8518 Switch
“Uplink” VLAN
10/100BASE-TX MDI-X NETWORK PORTS
10/100BASE-T ETHERNET SWITCH
WITH GIGABIT ETHERNET
1000BASE-X NETWORK PORTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
LINK/ACTIVITY
1
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
17R
18
9
ACTIVITY
LINK
17
17R 17
ACTIVITY
POWER
LINK
DIAG
DISABLED
Port 10
PVID = 3
Port 1
Default VLAN
Default VLAN
VLAN 2
Port 2
Workstation #3
Workstation #4
Port 3
Legacy Sever B
Figure 5-3 Typical Configuration
Note
The PVIDs must match on the trunk or uplink port between the
AT-8518 switch and the AT-3714FXL switch. For example, they both
must have IDs of 1.
5-4
AT-S20 User’s Guide
Uplink ports (15 and 10 on both switches) are used to connect the
two switches. To allow VLANs to span across switches, these uplink
ports are output enabled for every configured VLAN on the switch.
Therefore, when a broadcast packet is received on any port
(representing a packet on any VLAN), it is transmitted through the
uplink port. Note that since the uplink port on the AT-3714FXL has
PVID of “3”, packets transmitted on the uplink port from VLAN 2 or
the “Default VLAN” will be transmitted with their VLAN tag in place.
This scheme preserves the VLAN information across the uplink port.
In this example, Workstation #4 can talk with Server A because its
VLAN information is preserved across the uplink. In turn, Workstation
#1 can talk with Server B for the same reason. Workstation #2 is
precluded from talking to Server B since Server B has a different
VLAN, and any packets generated from Workstation #2 that traverse
the uplink port will continue to be associated with VLAN 2.
&RQILJXUDWLRQ
,QIRUPDWLRQ
By default, only one VLAN is defined in a 3700XL switch. Up to 32
VLANs can be defined in the unit. A VLAN is defined when the
following occurs:
❑
Name the VLAN
❑
Assign a VLAN ID number
❑
Define a port configuration to be used for that VLAN
By default, the VLAN named “Default VLAN” is assigned and given a
VLAN ID and PVID of 1, and all ports receive packets for this VLAN.
3RUW#,QIRUPDWLRQ
Each port must be assigned a PVID. The VLAN can be chosen from
one of the VLANS defined in the VLAN configuration. By default, all
ports belong to the “Default VLAN” which has a PVID of 1.
5-5
Virtual LAN Configuration
The following Omega configuration screens show VLAN and port to
VLAN definitions.
Figure 5-4 Virtual LAN Main Menu
Figure 5-5 Default VLAN Menu
5-6
AT-S20 User’s Guide
$GGLQJ#D#1HZ
9/$1
0HQX1 Virtual LANs><Virtual LAN definitions><Add
new table entry>
1. Select Add new table entry>.
The following screen displays.
Figure 5-6 Adding New VLAN Descriptors
2. Enter the following VLAN descriptors:
❑
New VLAN name (in this example Lindsey)
When you enter a new VLAN name, for example Lindsey, the
ID number automatically increments to the next VLAN ID
number, for example from 1 to 2. See following screen.
❑
VLAN ports (in this example 14, 15)
By default, the uplink ports are included in the VLAN ports. A
port can belong to any number of VLANs, maximum of 32
VLANs.
5-7
Virtual LAN Configuration
3. Select Return to VLAN Definition Menu. The following
screen displays showing the new VLAN descriptors.
automatically increments
Figure 5-7 New VLAN Descriptors
Note
Allied Telesyn highly recommends that you use the VLAN ID (default)
supplied by the system. Although you can change VLAN IDs to suit
your specific needs, changing them requires a more advanced
understanding of VLAN tagging.
5-8
AT-S20 User’s Guide
3RUW#WR#9/$1
&RQILJXUDWLRQ
0HQX1 Virtual LANs><Port to VLAN configuration>
1. Select Port to VLAN configuration.
Figure 5-8 Virtual LAN Menu
Figure 5-9 Port-To-VLAN Configuration
If you select Port 6 for example, the screen will show that Port 6 is
now associated with the Default VLAN.
5-9
Virtual LAN Configuration
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1. Select Port VLAN configuration from the Virtual
LANs menu to display the port list with VLAN assignments.
2. Select the port number you want to delete or change.
The screen displays the port’s VLAN configuration and a list of
available VLANs).
3. Do one of the following:
❑
To reassign the port to another VLAN, select the new VLAN
name from the list.
❑
To delete the port from a VLAN, select Default VLAN from the
list.
The screen displays the list of ports with the updated VLAN
assignment.
5-10
&KDSWHU 9
0RQLWRULQJ
This chapter describes the tasks related to monitoring the switch.
The tasks are shown in the following order:
❑
Activity Monitor on page 6-2
❑
MAC Address Table on page 6-3
❑
Static MAC Addresses on page 6-6
❑
Security/Source Address Table on page 6-12
❑
Mirror Port on page 6-23
❑
Port Status on page 6-25
❑
Port Numbering on page 6-26
❑
Statistics: Received and Transmitted Ethernet Frames on
page 6-28
For illustration purposes, the procedures throughout this chapter are
based on a switch named Accounting. Some of the ports have
names.
6-1
Activity Monitor
$FWLYLW\#0RQLWRU
0HQX1#Administration> Activity Monitor
The Activity Monitor option is useful in troubleshooting or in
monitoring software broadcasts. You can observe ongoing system
activity, if any.
The following screen displays when you select Administration>
Activity monitor.
Accounting
Activity monitor
Broadcast notification sent.
Broadcast notification sent.
The activity monitor also automatically activates when you
download software to switches on the network (System
administration, Broadcast updated software to
all systems). The system displays the MAC address of a switch as
software downloads to it.
Accounting
Activity monitor
load request received from Second Floor Computer
Room
loading... 000f4-02A8CE
completed.
load request received from Third Floor
Administration
loading... 0000F4 D0D070
completed.
load request received from Third Floor SysLab
loading... 0000F4 C00520
completed.
Figure 6-1 Activity Monitor During Software Downloads
6-2
AT-S20 User’s Guide
0$&#$GGUHVV#7DEOH
The MAC address table (also referred to as the forwarding table) is a
snapshot of source MAC addresses that the switch has learned and
static MAC addresses which have been stored in the switch’s volatile
memory until the addresses have aged. The information on the table
dynamically changes as packets appear on any port.
The software deletes a MAC address from the table after the aging
time of 300 seconds (5 minutes). If you reset the switch or remove
power, the table clears the learned addresses but gets updated as
soon as the switch is operational and the ports start to detect
packets.
0HQX1# MAC Address Table
MAC Address Menu
Accounting
Show all MAC addresses
By port MAC addresses
Get port from MAC Address
---Static addresses display and configuration--All static MAC address
Per port static MAC address
Get Port from MAC Address
Multicast addresses
Clear static MAC table
Return to Main Menu...
Figure 6-2 Sample MAC Address Table
6-3
MAC Address Table
6KRZ#$OO#0$&
$GGUHVVHV
Select MAC Address Table> Show all MAC addresses.
MAC Address Table
Accounting
MAC Addresses - Page 1
MAC Address Port
MAC Address Port
0000F4 010001
2
0000F4 010010 2
0000F4 010003
2
0000F4 010011 2
0000F4 010004
2
0000F4 010011 2
0000F4 010005
2
0000F4 010013 2
0000F4 010006
2
0000F4 010014 2
0000F4 010007
2
0000F4 010015 2
Next page
Return to MAC Address Menu ...
Figure 6-3 Show All MAC Addresses
6KRZ#%\#3RUW
0$&#$GGUHVVHV
0HQX1# By port MAC addresses
1. Select MAC Address Table from the main menu. The MAC
address menu displays.
2. To learn the MAC address of a specific port, select By port MAC
addresses.
3. Select a specific port number to learn the MAC addresses for that
port. The following screen displays as an example, Port 5’s MAC
addresses.
MAC Address Table
Port 5
MAC Addresses - Page 1
MAC Address
MAC Address
MAC Address
MAC Address
0000F4 010203
0000F4 010205
0000F4 010211
0000F4 010209
0000F4 010212
0000F4 010206
0000F4 010235
0000F4 010208
0000F4 010211
0000F4 010207
0000F4 010245
0000F4 010207
0000F4 010214
0000F4 010208
0000F4 010255
0000F4 010206
0000F4 010214
0000F4 010209
0000F4 010265
0000F4 010205
0000F4 010216
0000F4 010201
0000F4 010275
0000F4 010204
Next page
Return to Port Selection Menu...
Figure 6-4 By Port MAC Address (Port 5)
6-4
AT-S20 User’s Guide
*HW#3RUW#IURP
0$&#$GGUHVV
Users can enter a MAC address and the program returns the port
number associated with the MAC address.
0HQX1# Get Port from MAC Address
1. Select MAC Address Table from the main menu. The MAC
address menu displays.
2. Select Get Port from MAC Address.
3. In the MAC Address field, using the Up Arrow key, enter the MAC
Address, for example 0000F4 010203. Then press RETURN.
The following screen shows that the MAC Address of 0000F4
010203 is associated with Port 5.
Figure 6-5 Get Port from MAC Address (Port 5)
6-5
Static MAC Addresses
6WDWLF#0$&#$GGUHVVHV
Static MAC addresses are associated with only one port, the port
assigned to the device with that MAC address. Static addresses
remain in the table and are not aged in 5 minutes like other learned
MAC addresses.
6KRZ#$OO#6WDWLF
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0HQX1# MAC Address Table> All static MAC
addresses
Static Address Configuration Menu
Accounting
MAC Addresses - Page 1
MAC Address
Port
MAC Address
Port
0000F4 010001
2
0000F4 000010
2
2
0000F4 01000F
2
00A0D2 56002C
0000F4 01001F
2
01A0D2 02F01C
0000F4 01002D
2
Next page
Return to MAC Address Menu ...
Figure 6-6 Show All Static MAC Addresses
6-6
AT-S20 User’s Guide
6KRZ#3HU#3RUW
6WDWLF#0$&
$GGUHVVHV
0HQX1# MAC Address Table>Per Port Static MAC
Addresses> Port number
See Figure 6-7 and Figure 6-8.
Port Selection Menu
Accounting
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
Port 4
Port 5
Port 6
Port 7
Port 8
Port 9
Port 10
Port 11
Port 12
Port 13
Port 14
Port 15
Port 16
Port 17
Port 18
Port 19
Port 20
Port 21
Port 22
Port 23
Port 24
Port 26 - Uplink Port A Port 27 - Uplink Port B
Return to MAC Address Menu ...
Figure 6-7 Per Static MAC Addresses
The static MAC addresses for Port 2 display, as shown in Figure 6-8.
Add MAC Address Menu
Accounting
Port 2
MAC Addresses
MAC Address
MAC Address
MAC Address
0000F4 010203
0000F4 010205
0000F4 010211
0000F4 010209
0000F4 010212
0000F4 010206
0000F4 010235
0000F4 010208
0000F4 010211
0000F4 010207
0000F4 010245
0000F4 010207
0000F4 010214
0000F4 010208
0000F4 010255
0000F4 010206
0000F4 010214
0000F4 010209
0000F4 010265
0000F4 010205
0000F4 010216
0000F4 010201
0000F4 010275
0000F4 010204
Add MAC address
Null (not configured)
Delete MAC address
Null (not configured)
Next page
Return to Port Selection Menu...
Figure 6-8 Per Port Static MAC Address (Port 2)
6-7
Static MAC Addresses
'HOHWH2$GG#6WDWLF
0$&#$GGUHVV
0HQX1# MAC Address Table> Per port static MAC
addresses> Port number> Add MAC address
1. Select Per port static MAC address screen, then
<Port Number>.
2. Enter your six digit static MAC address. Figure 6-9 shows that the
static MAC address table has been added to Port 19 (Randy).
Static Address Configuration Menu
Accounting
MAC Addresses - Page 1
MAC Address
Port
MAC Address
000010 000001
2
0000F4 00001013
000002 00000B
Port 19 - Randy
00A0D2 56002C17
0000D2 56001F
2
0000D2 56002D
7
Please select an option:
Next page
Add Mac Address 000002 00000B
Delete this entry
Figure 6-9 Add Static MAC Address (Port 19)
6-8
Port
AT-S20 User’s Guide
$GG2'HOHWH#6WDWLF
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0HQX1# Multicast addresses> Add MAC address>
Ports for Multicasts
Multicast addresses are a type of static address. When you clear the
static address table, all multicast addresses are discarded. However, if
you add a multicast address, this address appears in the static
address table.
Note
You add or delete a MAC address from the Muticast Addresses menu.
Add Static MAC Address Menu
Accounting
MAC Addresses
MAC Address
Ports for Multicast Packets
0100F4 010243
14,15
0100F4 397492
all
0100F4 070697
7,8
0100F4 643476
2,3
0100F4 365454
4,5
Add MAC address
Null (not configured)
Ports for multicast
Null (not configured)
(Example: 1, 3, 8, or all)
Delete MAC address
Null (not configured)
Next page
Figure 6-10 Muticast Addresses (Add/Delete MAC Addresses)
1. Select Multicast addresses, Add MAC address.
Note
Prior to MAC addresses being added, you must enter both the MAC
address and ports to receive multicast packets.
6-9
Static MAC Addresses
2. As an example, enter the six digit multicast MAC address (010002
00000B) and the ports (5,10,12) that you want to receive multicast
packets from that device. See Figure 6-11.
Add Static MAC Address Menu
Accounting
MAC Addresses
MAC Address
Ports for Multicast Packets
0100F4 010243
14,15
0100F4 397492
all
0100F4 070697
7,8
0100F4 643476
2,3
0100F4 365454
4,5
Add MAC address
010002 00000B
Ports for multicast
5,10,12
(Example: 1, 3, 8, or all)
Delete MAC address
Null (not configured)
Next page
Return to MAC Address Menu ...
Figure 6-11 Add MAC Address and Muticast for Ports 5, 10, and 12
3. To see your newly added MAC address and ports that are to
receive multicast packets, press RETURN. This simply refreshes
the screen.
Note
If you want to change any of the ports that have already been
assigned a multicast, you must re-add the new ports designated to
receive multicast packets.
6-10
AT-S20 User’s Guide
&OHDULQJ#6WDWLF
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When you clear the static address table, all multicast addresses are
discarded. However, if you add a multicast address, this address
appears in the static address table.
0HQX1# MAC Address Table Clear> Clear static MAC
table
1. Select MAC Address Table, then select Clear
static MAC table.
Clear Static MAC table now? (Yes or No):
2. Enter y to clear the MAC address table.
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❑
Look at the MAC address label directly above the RS232
management port on the switch’s front panel, or
❑
Select Diagnostics from the System Administration Menu
to read the address from the screen.
6-11
Security/Source Address Table
6HFXULW\26RXUFH#$GGUHVV#7DEOH#
The Security/Source Address Table menu defines two options:
❑
Source Address Learning Mode (Secure or Automatic)
❑
Intruder Protection Action (SNMP Trap/No Trap; Port
Disabled/Not Disabled
❑
Threshold Security
Figure 6-12 shows the Security/Source Address Table menu and
defaults.
Figure 6-12 Security/Source Address Table
6-12
AT-S20 User’s Guide
Table 6-1 briefly lists the options in the Security/Source Address
Table menu. For complete definitions of this options, see the
sections that follow this table.
Table 6-1 Security/Source Address Table
Options
States
Source Address
Learning Mode
Automatic
Source address learning is
enabled, and the intruder
protection is disabled.
Secure
The source address table is
locked, and the intruder
protection is enabled.
Threshold
Learning is enabled. Intruder
protection is enabled if
threshold is exceeded.
Send Trap
Trap is transmitted.
No Trap
Trap is not transmitted when
an intruder is detected.
Disable Port
The port is disabled when an
intruder is detected.
Port State
Unchanged
The port remains ON when an
intruder is detected.
Intruder Protection
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Definition
The Source Address Table (SAT or MAC forwarding table) is a
database of MAC addresses and their associated port of entry
learned by the switch. The Source Address Learning Mode allows you
to control it is as a “secure” or “automatic” state.
Secure: Learning Off/Security On
In the “secure” mode, the learning feature is disabled and the source
address table is in a “locked” state. This setting is used when the MAC
address learning is completed and when any new MAC address
entries are to be entered manually. When the SAT is locked, no new
addresses will be learned. If a packet is received with an address that
is not already in the SAT, the packet is dropped and the new MAC
address is not learned.
6-13
Security/Source Address Table
Automatic: Learning On/Security Off
The automatic mode is the default setting. When in “automatic”
mode, the SAT is in an “unlocked” state and is updated each time a
port receives a packet from a new source address. The SAT address
table can store 2K of MAC addresses.
When the switch is in a learning mode, the software:
❑
Monitors the MAC source address as frames come into each
port
❑
Compares the incoming source addresses to entries in the SAT
table
❑
Updates the SAT table by storing the new MAC address
Note
If you do not lock the SAT table, it will not be saved when the switch
is reset.
Most users typically keep the source address learning mode ON to
continuously update the MAC address table. Information in the table
is useful for inventory control, based on MAC addresses of the
devices connected to the module. As an option, you can manually
turn learning OFF and go to a secure mode if you want to restrict the
module only to specific MAC addresses. Once this process is
complete, all MAC addresses become static addresses and will stay in
the MAC address table until the table is cleared or until the address is
deleted.
6-14
AT-S20 User’s Guide
6HFXULW\
7KUHVKROG
Security Threshold allows the user to limit or set the number of MAC
addresses for any port or all ports. In addition, when threshold is
enabled; intruder protection also is enabled. The port continues to
learn new MAC addresses until it is disabled. In a busy network, the
port may accumulate more MAC addresses than the specified limit if
MAC addresses are learned between the time the threshold is
exceeded and the time the port is disabled. See Figure 6-13.
Figure 6-13 Security Threshold
To set the number of MAC addresses associated for a specified port
or for all ports, use the Config MAC address limit per
port command.
Figure 6-14 Configure MAC Address Limit
6-15
Security/Source Address Table
Figure 6-15 MAC Address Limit on Port 5
All ports
with the limit
of three MAC
Addresses
Figure 6-16 MAC Address Limit on All Ports
6-16
AT-S20 User’s Guide
,QWUXGHU
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The Intruder Protection feature resides in the lower-half of the
Security/Source Address Table menu and is shown in Figure 6-12.
This screen does not appear until you first enable Secure:
source address table locked; intruder protection
enabled option.
Figure 6-17 Intruder Protection Screen Section
The Intruder Protection option determines how the switch handles
transmissions from MAC addresses not found in the SAT. These
options are available when the switch is set to the “secure” mode.
The switch detects intruders by comparing incoming source MAC
addresses to entries in the SAT table. Intruders are transmissions
from addresses not found in the table. There are several possibilities
for configuring a port in relationship to intruders:
❑
Transmit SNMP trap message (port state unchanged)
❑
Disable the port (no SNMP trap)
❑
Transmit SNMP trap and disable the port
❑
No action (default)--(No trap; port state unchanged)
Transmit SNMP Trap Message (port status unchanged)
Use this configuration to send an SNMP trap message to the SNMP
manager when an intruder is detected. (See Configuring IP
Parameters on page 4-6. The IP parameters is a submenu of the
System Configuration menu.)
The message contains enough SNMP MIB information to help you
identify the port where the intrusion took place. Regardless of the
mode you select for Transmit SNMP Trap, SNMP statistics gathering
continues.
6-17
Security/Source Address Table
Disable the Port (no SNMP trap)
Use this configuration when you want the switch to automatically
disable the port when an intruder is detected. Once the switch
software disables a port because of an intruder, no source address
can use that port. The port remains disabled until you manually
enable it.
Note
When the Security feature is used to disable a port, the MAC
addresses are not deleted until the port is re-enabled. This allows the
user to check the MAC address display to see which MAC addresses
came in on the specified port.
Transmit SNMP Trap and Disable port
Use this configuration if you want to send an SNMP trap message
and disable the port at the same time during an intrusion. Once the
switch software disables a port because of an intruder, no source
address can use that port. Note that when the port becomes
disabled by enabling the securing feature, the MAC addresses
associated with the specified port are not removed immediately
from the table. However, the addresses will be removed from the
table as the MAC addresses age out.
No Action (default) (No trap; port state unchanged)
In this default setting, an SNMP trap is not sent and the port state
remains unchanged when an intruder is detected.
6-18
AT-S20 User’s Guide
6HWWLQJ#6HFXULW\26RXUFH#$GGUHVV#7DEOH#2SWLRQV#
Security options are enabled or disabled on a system-wide basis.
To set any of the options within the Source Address Learning Mode
menu, simply select the desired option using the UP and DOWN
arrow keys and then press Enter. Options on the menu that are in
bold print are the defaults.
0HQX1# System configuration<Security/Source
Address Table>
Figure 6-18 Security/Source Address Table Screen (defaults)
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1. Select <Secure: source address learning enabled;
intruder protection disabled>. The Secure: Source
Address Learning Enabled screen displays.
Figure 6-19 Secure: Source Address Learning Enabled
6-19
Setting Security/Source Address Table Options
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1. Select <Threshold:intruder protection when port
MAC address limit exceeded>
When enabled, this feature displays in bold print on your screen.
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Select <Config MAC address limit per port> The
following screen displays.
Figure 6-20 Five MAC Addresses Assigned to Port 1
2. Select the specified port and enter the maximum number of MAC
addresses assigned to that port, for example three MAC addresses
for Port 5.
Figure 6-21 MAC Address Limit on Port 5
6-20
AT-S20 User’s Guide
3. To apply the same number of MAC address limits to all ports,
select <Apply this limit to all ports>. The following
screen displays.
All ports
with the limit
of three MAC
Addresses
Figure 6-22 MAC Address Limit on All Ports
Setting a port(s) to 0 (default) indicates that there is no limit of MAC
addresses for the specified port(s). In threshold mode, the port
disable option must be enabled to stop intruder traffic since the
switch is in learning mode.
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When a packet with an unknown address is received, the port on
which the packet is received is disabled. This feature can be enabled
or disabled.
When a packet with an unknown address is received, an SNMP trap is
generated to notify the network administrator of such event. This
feature can be enabled or disabled.
Figure 6-23 Intruder Protection
6-21
Setting Security/Source Address Table Options
The defaults for Intruder Protection are:
❑
No SNMP Trap if an intruder is detected
❑
Port state unchanged if an intruder is detected
1. Select <Transmit an SNMP Trap if an intruder is
detected>
2. Select <Disable the port if an intruder is
detected>
For detailed MAC address information, see MAC Address Table on
page 6-3. All other related MAC address information follows the MAC
Address Table section.
6-22
AT-S20 User’s Guide
0LUURU#3RUW#
0HQX1# Traffic/Port Mirroring
The Mirror Port allows you to monitor traffic on any port with the use
of a monitoring device.
Traditionally, users had to sacrifice one other port to mirror another;
for example, to monitor traffic on Port 2 (the source port), you had to
configure another port (for example, Port 3), as the destination port
to mirror it. Port 3 therefore could not perform its primary function,
switching packets, while it is mirroring Port 2. The Mirror Port is an
extra port designated as the fixed destination port. It can mirror any
source port you identify.
The mirror port will mirror both receive and transmit activity on the
mirrored port.
For the non-XL versions of the switch, the receive and transmit
activities can be monitored selectively. For the XL versions, both
receive and transmit activities are monitored simultaneously.
When you physically connect a monitoring device to the Mirror Port,
the Mirror Port LINK LED lights green. Make sure you also refer to the
monitoring device’s manual.
1. Select Traffic/Port Mirroring from the main menu. The
Port Mirroring screen is displayed.
Port mirroring state:
>Enabled
Disabled
Note: Both transmit and receive activity will be
mirrored.
2. Select Enabled to display additional options on the same
screen.
3. Select a source port number.
6-23
Mirror Port
The software displays a list of ports, similar to the following
screen (some ports have been named in the example):
Please select a port:
Port 1-Room 1148
Port 2-Room 1149
Port 3-Room 1150
Port 4-Room 1151
Port 5
Port 6
Port 7
Port 8
Port 9
Port 10
Port 11
Port 12
Port 13
Port 14
Port 15
Port 16
Port 17
Port 18
Port 19
Port 20
Port 21
Port 22
Port 23
Port 24
Port 26-Uplink Port A
Port 27-Uplink Port B
Return to Port Mirroring Configuration...
4. Select Return to Main Menu...
5. Go to your monitoring device to see the traffic.
6-24
AT-S20 User’s Guide
3RUW#6WDWXV
0HQX1# Port status and configuration
Selecting Port Status and configuration from the Main
Menu for the first time displays the list of ports similar to the
following screens.
Note
For the AT-3714FXL and AT-3714F, Ports 14 and 15 are the uplink
ports (Port A and Port B).
Accounting
Port
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
More ...
Return to Main
Standard uplink
port
Optional uplink
port (MDA)
Link
Status Mode
Online
Enabled Half duplex
Online
Enabled Half duplex
Online
Enabled Autonegotiate
Online
Enabled Half duplex
Online
Enabled Autonegotiate
Online
Enabled Autonegotiate
Online
Enabled
Online
Enabled Accounting
Online
Enabled
Port
Link
Status
Online
Enabled
Online
Enabled
13:
Online
Enabled
Online
Enabled
14:
Online
Enabled
15:
Online
Enabled
16:
Online
Enabled
17:
Online
Enabled
18:
Online
Enabled
19:
Online
Enabled
20:
Online
Enabled
21:
Online
Enabled
22:
Online
Enabled
23:
Online
Enabled
24:
Online
Enabled
25:
Online
Enabled
26: Uplink Port A Online
Enabled
27: Uplink Port B Online
Enabled
Mode
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
duplex
More...
Figure 6-24 Port List from Port Status (for AT-3726XL, AT-3726)
6-25
Port Numbering
3RUW#1XPEHULQJ
Table 6-2 shows the port numbers for the switch.
Table 6-2 Port Numbering
Switch
AT-3726XL,
AT-3726
Port #
Port Type
1-24
10Base-T
25
Remote management port for
Omega
26 (Uplink port A) 10/100Base-TX
27 (Uplink port B) Optional MDA (TX or FX)
AT-3716XL
1-16
10Base-T
17
Remote management port for
Omega
18 (Uplink port A) 10/100Base-TX
19 (Uplink port B) Optional MDA (TX or FX)
AT-3714FXL,
AT-3714F
1-12
10Base-FL
13
Remote management port for
Omega
14 (Uplink port A) 100Base-FX
15 (Uplink port B) Optional MDA (TX or FX)
6-26
AT-S20 User’s Guide
Selecting a port number, for example, 1, from the list displays the
port configuration screen for Port 1, as shown in Figure 6-25.
Accounting
Port 1
Link State: Online
Port State: Enabled
Transmission Mode:
Half duplex
Enable this port
Disable (partition) this port
Auto negotiate
Full duplex
Half duplex
Store-and-forward
Cut-through (fragment-free)
Transmit pacing enabled
No transmit pacing
Port Name
Return to Port Status Menu ...
Figure 6-25 Port Configuration for Port 1
The following options at the top of the screen are for information
only.
❑
Link State indicates the presence or absence of a physical link
on the port.
❑
Port State indicates if the port has been enabled, disabled,
blocked, affording, or listening. The state changes depending
on software or user intervention.
Normal means the port is ready but not necessarily active.
Disabled means someone has manually disabled the port
using the Omega software.
Partitioned means the software has detected an error in
the network and therefore automatically disables the port to
prevent the error from propagating.
❑
Transmission Mode indicates the speed and direction by
which packets can be transmitted either by enabling autonegotiate, (10 or 100 Mbps) half- duplex (one direction only),
or full-duplex (both directions simultaneously.
6-27
Statistics: Received and Transmitted Ethernet Frames
6WDWLVWLFV=#5HFHLYHG#DQG#7UDQVPLWWHG#(WKHUQHW#)UDPHV
0HQX1# Ethernet statistics
You can view statistics on received and transmitted frames in two
ways:
❑
At the switch level, where you see the total of each frame type
on all ports taken together; or
❑
At the port level, further broken down into:
— Per port, all frame types
— Per frame type
Statistics are useful if you are trying to diagnose a problem and
would like to isolate it to a specific port. You can view graphs that
show information on the switch as a whole. From this total picture,
you have the option to view statistics on a per-frame type or a perport basis.
9LHZLQJ#6ZLWFK
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1. Select Ethernet Statistics from the Main Menu to display
the Receive Statistics Graph.
Accounting
Receive Statistics Graph
Received Good Frames:
134555999
Filtered Frames:
0
Broadcasts:
0
Multicasts:
0
CRC Errors:
16
Alignment Errors:
39986
Undersized Frames:
0
Fragments
0
Long Frames:
0
Transmit Statistics...
Individual port overview...
RMON Statistics...
Port RMON Statistics...
Zero all statistics counters on the entire system
Figure 6-26 Received Frames Graph
6-28
AT-S20 User’s Guide
The graph shows the types of frames received by the switch
over a period since the switch’s last reset or since the counters
have been reset to zero. Table 6-3 lists and defines the types of
received frames.
2. Select RMON Statistics from the Receive Statistics Graph to
display the RMON Statistics Graph.
3. Select a port, for example Port 1. Figure 6-28 displays the RMON
Statistics for Port 1.
Accounting
Port 1
RMON Statistics Graph
64 Byte Frames:
1350
65-127 Byte Frames:
7444
128-255 Byte Frames:
7444
256-511 Byte Frames:
9787
512-1023 Byte Frames:
9787
1024-1518 Byte Frames:
7456
Zero all statistics counters on the entire system
Return to Port Statistics Graph ...
Figure 6-27 RMON Statistics for Port 1
6-29
Statistics: Received and Transmitted Ethernet Frames
Table 6-3 Received Frames
Frame Type
Description
Received Good
Frames
Total number of frames received by the switch since the last reset.
Filtered Frames
Frames received by the switch but not forwarded because the destination is
within the same LAN segment, therefore, the frame was already seen by all
nodes on the segment.
Broadcasts
Frames received and then forwarded by the switch destined for nodes on the
network.
Multicasts
Frames received and then forwarded by the switch destined for multiple but
specific addresses.
CRC Errors
Frames with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error but with the proper length
(64-1518 bytes).
Alignment errors
Frames with a non-integral number of bytes, that is, frame length in bits are not
evenly divisible by 8, but with the proper length (64-1518 bytes).
Undersized Frames
Frames less than the minimum specified by IEEE 802.3 (64 bytes including the
CRC).
Fragments
Frames that are shorter than 96 bits, including 64 bits of preamble and may
occur because of a collision or from a failed transceiver transmitting bad
packets.
Long frames
Frames exceeding the maximum specified by IEEE 802.3 (1518 bytes including
the CRC).
RMON
The following frames relate to RMON.
64 Byte Frames
Total number of transmitted/received frames (including bad frames) that were
64 octets (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
65-127 Byte Frames
Total number of transmitted/received frames (including bad frames) that were
between 65 and 127 octets (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
128-255 Byte Frames
Total number of transmitted/received frames (including bad frames) that were
between 128 and 255 octets (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
256-511 Byte Frames
Total number of transmitted/received frames (including bad frames) that were
between 256 and 511 octets (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
512-1023 Byte
Frames
Total number of transmitted/received frames (including bad frames) that were
between 512 and 1023 octets (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
1024-1518 Byte
Frames
Total number of transmitted/received frames (including bad frames) that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets (excluding framing bits but including FCS
octets). If the LONG bit is set, this statistic counts frames that are between 1024
and 1536 octets (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
6-30
AT-S20 User’s Guide
4. Select Transmit Statistics to display the Transmit
Statistics Graph, as shown in Figure 6-28.
Accounting
Transmit Statistics Graph
Total Good Transmits:
146816
Broadcasts:
94
Multicasts:
93126
Transmits Deferred:
563
Single Collisions:
200
Multiple Collisions:
355
Late Collisions:
0
Excessive Collisions:
0
Carrier Sense Errors:
0
Transmit Timeouts
399
Individual port overview...
Zero all statistic counters on the entire system
Figure 6-28 Transmitted Frames Graph
6-31
Statistics: Received and Transmitted Ethernet Frames
The graph shows the types of frames transmitted by the switch over
a period since the switch’s last reset or since the counters have been
reset to zero. Table 6-4 lists and defines the types of transmitted
frames.
Table 6-4 Transmitted Frames
Frame Type
Description
Total Good
Transmits
Total frames transmitted by the switch without errors.
Broadcasts
Total number of received/transmitted good packets that were directed to
the broadcast address. This does not include multicast packets.
Multicasts
The total number of received/transmitted packets that were directed to
the multicast address. This does not include packets directed to the
broadcast address. For the 100 Mbps ports, the counter records the sum of
alignment and code errors (frames received/transmitted with RX/TX error
signal).
Transmits
Deferred
Frames whose transmission has been deferred by the switch due to lack of
resources; they are not stored in the buffer and eventually dropped.
Single Collisions
A count of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface for
which transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision.
Multiple
Collisions
A count of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface for
which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision.
Late Collisions
Collisions that occur after 64-byte times of the frame had elapsed.
Excessive
Collisions
A count of frames for which the first transmission on a particular interface
fails due to excessive collisions.
Carrier Sense
Errors
The number of times that the carrier sense condition was lost or never
asserted when attempting to transmit a frame on a particular interface.
The count is incremented at most once per transmission attempt even
though the carrier sense condition fluctuates during a transmission
attempt.
Transmit
Timeouts
Number of times the switch has stopped trying to transmit due to
collisions
6-32
AT-S20 User’s Guide
9LHZLQJ#3RUW
6WDWLVWLFV
1. Select Ethernet statistics, then select Receive
Statistics Graph.
2. Select Individual port overview to display a screen
similar to Figure 6-29, listing each port and the corresponding
total number of frames received:
Accounting
Total Received Frames
Port 1 - Room 1147:294791
Port 2 - Room 1148:52018
Port 3:
0
Port 4:
0
Port 5:
0
Port 6:
0
Port 7:
0
Port 8:
0
Port 9:
0
Port 10:
0
Port 11:
0
Port 12:
0
More...
Zero all statistic counters on the entire system
Figure 6-29 Total Received Frames Per Port Graph
3. Select a port number, for example, Port 1, to display a screen
similar to Figure 6-30, showing the types of frames received by
Port 1.
Accounting
Port 1 - Room 1147
Receive Statistics Graph
Received Good Frames:
3791993
Filtered Frames:
2919954
Broadcasts:
949258
Multicasts:
39149
CRC Errors:
2
Alignment Errors:
0
Undersized Frames:
0
Fragments:
444
Long Frames:
0
Figure 6-30 Received Frames Graph for Port 1
6-33
Statistics: Received and Transmitted Ethernet Frames
The graph shows the frames Port 1 has received over a period
since the switch’s last reset or since someone has last set the
counters to zero.
4. Select Transmit statistics to display a screen similar to
Figure 6-31, showing the frames transmitted by Port 1.
Accounting
Port 1 - Room 1147
Transmit Statistics Graph
Total Good Transmits:
52010
Broadcasts:
0
Multicasts:
11760
Transmits Deferred:
0
Single Collisions:
0
Multiple Collisions:
0
Late Collisions:
0
Excessive Collisions:
0
Carrier sense Errors:
0
Transmit Timeouts:
0
Individual port overview...
Zero all statistic counters on the entire system
Figure 6-31 Transmitted Frames Graph for Port 1
Expect transmit errors to be very small. The switch may receive
a number of bad frames, but the switch must drop those and
send only good frames.
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The sample graphs show the types of frames received or transmitted
by a switch or its individual ports since the last time the counters or
the switch were reset. The software keeps count of the number of
frames and creates a graph. The counters and the graph dynamically
increment as the switch processes frames over a period of time.
When the individual counters reach a maximum of 2 32 (over 4
billion), then the counters reset to zero. Because each counter resets
independently; your graph may become inaccurately skewed;
therefore, you need to reset the counters to get a new baseline on
frame statistics.
6-34
AT-S20 User’s Guide
8VLQJ#WKH#*UDSKV
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1. Display any of the Ethernet statistics graphs by selecting
Ethernet statistics from the Main Menu.
2. Observe the counters and the graph.
The graph helps you visually monitor the proportion of good
and bad frames the switch has detected. Good frames consist
of filtered and forwarded unicasts, broadcasts, and multicasts.
Bad frames are runts and long frames or those with CRC or
alignment errors. It is normal to have a number of error
packets occasionally. If the network seems to be slow, this
graph is one of the areas you can check to help isolate the
problem.
3. Identify and fix the problem.
Note that the problem may be external to the switch, and the
statistics may just indicate an error condition somewhere on
the network you need to fix. You may also need additional
monitoring devices specifically designed for that purpose,
such as a network analyzer, to identify the problem.
4. Select Zero statistics counters from any of the
Statistics screens after fixing the problem.
You need to reset counters to get a new baseline on frame
statistics. That is because the counters and graphs still depict
the information during the error condition and will continue
to increment from there until you reset the counters.
Note
For more details on resetting statistics counters, see Chapter 7,
Diagnostics.
6-35
&KDSWHU :
'LDJQRVWLFV
This chapter describes the following topics:
❑
Resetting the Switch on page 7-2
❑
Running Diagnostics on page 7-3
❑
Getting Help on page 7-4
❑
Resetting Statistics Counters on page 7-5
Also see AT-3726XL, AT-3716XL, and AT-3714FXL Installation Guide
and AT-3726, AT-3718, and AT-3714F Installation Guide that explains
in detail the different ways to diagnose error conditions by
interpreting the LEDs on the switch’s front panel.
7-1
Resetting the Switch
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0HQX1 Administration> Reset and restart the
system
You reset the switch:
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6ZLWFK
❑
As a first attempt to fix an error condition; for example, the
FAULT LED is on
❑
To download software through a modem
❑
To reset all statistics counters to zero
0HQX1 Administration> Reset and restart the
system
Optionally, you can press Reset on the switch’s front panel, or
unplug its power cord and then plug it in.
The Reset button is recessed; you must use a pointed object to press
it. The switch first undergoes a power-on self test (POST) process that
takes only a few moments; then the switch becomes operational
again.
7-2
AT-S20 User’s Guide
5XQQLQJ#'LDJQRVWLFV
0HQX1 Administration> Diagnostics
Select Diagnostics from the System Administration Menu to
display the Diagnostics screen. The example in Figure 7-1 shows the
Diagnostics screen on a switch named Accounting.
Accounting
Allied Telesyn AT-3714FXL
MAC Address 0000F4 010203 RJ45/MII Applique, MAU
AT-S20 Ethernet Switch Software: Version 3.0 981104
Running 2 days, 20 minutes, 10 seconds
Diagnostics Results:
Flash PROM
RAM
Serial Interface
Good
Good
Good
Optional Extended Diagnostic Tests:
Extended Diagnostic Test will disrupt normal system
These tests should be run only when the network is
inactive.
Run Extended Diagnostic Tests now? (Yes or No):
Figure 7-1 Diagnostics Screen
The Diagnostics Menu allows you to run a limited set of diagnostics
test on the switch. There are only two results on a diagnostics test:
Good or Failed.
You also see the following information:
❑
The switch model and version number
❑
The switch’s MAC address
❑
The software model and version number
❑
The type of MDA (applique) if installed and whether a MAU is
installed (Medium Attachment Unit)
❑
The time the switch has been up and running
7-3
Getting Help
*HWWLQJ#+HOS
Contact Allied Telesyn’s technical support at
www.alliedtelesyn.com. Be prepared to give the following
information:
7-4
❑
Serial number
❑
Software version
❑
A description of the problem
AT-S20 User’s Guide
5HVHWWLQJ#6WDWLVWLFV#&RXQWHUV
0HQX1 Ethernet statistics> Zero all statistics
on the entire system
You reset the statistics counters because:
❑
The counters no longer reflect the current information.
For example, disabling a port to fix a problem does not reset
its counters. After the error clears and you manually re-enable
the port, you may want its statistics to accumulate from a fresh
start. Otherwise, the counters and the graph not only still
reflect information associated with the error condition; the
counters continue to increment from the wrong baseline.
❑
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As each frame type reaches the maximum of 232 (over 4
billion), the statistics for that frame type resets to zero. Once
this happens, the counters and graph become inaccurately
skewed.
1. Select Ethernet Statistics from the Main Menu to display
the Receive Statistics Graph.
2. Select Zero all statistics on the entire system.
Both Receive and Transmit counters and graphs are reset to zero.
7-5
$SSHQGL[ $
6SDQQLQJ#7UHH#3URWRFRO
This appendix provides a brief explanation of Spanning Tree
Algorithm and its use with the switch.
For detailed information on the operation of the Spanning Tree
Algorithm, consult IEEE Std 802.1D, ISO/IEC 10038: 1993.
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The switch, which runs the AT-S20 software, also implements the
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). The STP provides a
network with robustness and allows network administrators to easily
change their network topology. Its implementation reduces complex
network topologies (networks with multiple paths between source
and destination nodes) to a single active topology. This technique
guarantees that loops do not occur between source and destination
nodes of the network. Loops are eliminated by placing some of the
redundant ports in a blocking state, in which they do not forward
packets but continue to execute the protocol. If the network
topology changes, for example by the failure, removal, or addition of
an active network node, a blocked port may be included in the new
active topology and begin forwarding frames.
A-1
Concepts
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The switch provides the following STP features:
❑
Compensates automatically for the failure, removal, or
addition of any bridge in an active data path.
❑
Achieves port changes in short time intervals, which
establishes a stable active topology quickly with a minimum
of network disturbance.
❑
Uses a minimum amount of communications bandwidth to
accomplish the operation of the STP.
❑
Reconfigures the active topology in a manner which is
transparent to stations transmitting and receiving data
packets.
❑
Manages the topology in a consistent and reproducible
manner through the use of STP parameters.
Several configuration parameters control the operation of the
Spanning Tree Protocol. Table A-1 describes the parameters and lists
each parameter’s default settings for the switch. The port numbers
include the 10Base-T ports, the management port, the standard 100
Mbps uplink port, and an optional expansion port, dependent upon
the switch model.
Table A-1 Spanning Tree Protocol Parameters
Parameter and Description
Bridge Group Address
Unique MAC group address, recognized by all bridges in the network
Default
N/A
Bridge Identifier
32768 (bridge priority)
Identifier for each bridge, consisting of two parts: a 16-bit bridge priority
and a 48-bit network adapter address. Ports are numbered in absolute
numbers; for example from 1-27 for a 24-port switch with expansion
modules. The network adapter address is the same address as the first
port of the bridge.
Port Priority
128
Port Cost
The spanning tree algorithm calculates and ensures that an active
topology generates minimal path costs.
100 for 10 Mbps ports
10 for 100 Mbps ports
A-2
AT-S20 User’s Guide
2SHUDWLRQV
When spanning tree is enabled for the first time or when the network
topology changes due to a failure, the addition, or removal of a
component, the spanning tree algorithm automatically sets up the
active topology of the current network.
Communication between bridges. Periodically, all devices running
STP on a network transmit packets to each other through the Bridge
Group Address which all bridges share. When a bridge receives a
packet sent to the Bridge Group Address, the bridge’s STP processes
the packet. The packet is ignored by application software and other
LAN segments. Bridges communicate between each other in order to
determine the Root Bridge.
Selecting a root bridge and designated bridges. During
communication between bridges, one bridge is determined to have
the lowest bridge identifier. This bridge becomes the Root Bridge.
After the Root Bridge has been selected, each LAN segment looks for
the bridge that has the lowest cost relative to the Root Bridge. These
bridges become Designated Bridges.
Selecting designated ports. Each Designated Bridge selects a
Designated Port. This port is responsible for forwarding packets to
the Root Bridge.
Handling duplicate paths. When the active topology of the network
is determined, all packets between any two nodes in the network use
only one path. Where a duplicate path exists, the non-designated
port is put into a blocking state.
Remapping network topology. If there is a change in the network
topology due to a failure, removal, or addition of any active
components, the active topology also changes. This may trigger a
change in the state of some blocked ports.
The blocked ports do not forward packets immediately. They first
pass through two states, listening and learning, to verify that they
may begin forwarding. A port remains in each of these two states for
the time defined by the Forwarding Delay parameter. This algorithm
ensures that no temporary loops exist in the active network topology
and is a safeguard against packet forwarding during a network
topology change period.
A-3
,QGH[
A
D
activity monitor 4-26, 6-2
address aging 4-28
administration, switch, list of tasks 4-2
ANSI terminal, see also DEC VT100 terminal emulation
ATS20 download password 4-7
automatic mode 6-14
auto-negotiation 1-1
DEC VT100 terminal emulation Preface-iii, 4-19
default
VLAN, 5-1
default domain name parameter 4-7
destination port 6-23
DHCP 2-4
disabling, port 4-5
discarding, packet 4-28
Domain Name Server (DNS) 4-7
download password 4-7, 4-26
downloading software 4-25
dumb terminal 4-6
B
backpuressure 4-23
baud rates, supported, terminal emulation 4-20
BootP 4-6
BootP server 4-6
BootP utility 2-4
bridge group address parameter A-2
bridge identifier parameter A-2
bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) 4-28, 4-30
E
enabling, port 4-5
Ethernet 6-28
Ethernet frames, received 6-28
Ethernet frames, transmitted 6-28
C
F
configuration, global 4-33
configuration, switch and ports, list of tasks 4-1
contact parameter 4-7
conventions, document Preface-iii
cost parameter 4-32
counters, reset 7-5
counters, statistics, resetting 6-34, 7-2, 7-5
cut-through 4-16
features, software 1-1, 2-4
forwarding table, see also MAC address
fragment-free 4-16
frames, recieved 6-30
frames, transmitted 6-32
G
gateway address 4-7
generic terminal 4-6
get request 2-4
Index-1
Index
global configuration 4-33
graphs, statistics, interpretation of 6-34
N
half-duplex 4-17
hello time 4-30
name restriction 4-12
naming
port 4-11–4-13
switch 4-8–4-10
network downloads, software 4-24
I
O
intruder protection 6-12, 6-17, 6-17–6-18
IP address 2-4, 4-6
IP commands 4-7
IP parameters
IP address 2-3
setting through Omega 4-6–4-7
SNMP strings 4-7
Omega 6-18
source address table (SAT) 6-12–6-18
H
L
learning mode 6-14
learning, bridge 4-28
limit, MAC Address 6-21
link state, port 6-27
location parameter 4-7
M
MAC address 6-13, 6-15, 6-20
aging in table 4-28, 6-3
limit 6-21
location 7-3
location of 6-11
port 6-4
remote connection for non-IP 2-3
sample table 6-3
setting 6-20
stored in memory 6-3
updating 4-28
management software
quitting 1-3, 2-3, 2-5
session, starting 2-2, 3-2
manager address 4-7
maximum aging time 4-30
memory capacity 6-3
menu options, selecting Preface-v
menu tree, Omega 1-4
menus
source address table (SAT) 6-12–6-18
mirroring, port 6-11–6-24
Index-2
P
password
to download software 4-26
password protection 1-3, 2-5
password, ATS20 4-7
PING facility 4-4
port configuration
mirroring 6-11–6-24
port configuration, task list 4-1
port cost parameter A-2
port list, screen sample 6-25
port MAC address 6-4
port name, deleting 4-13
port naming 1-3, 2-5
port numbering 6-26
port priority and cost 4-31–4-32
port priority parameter A-2
port state 6-27
port status 6-25–6-27
port trunking 1-2, 4-34
ports
disabling 6-18
Q
quitting a session 4-4
quitting, Omega 1-3, 2-3, 2-5
R
received frames 6-30
remote switch
connecting to 4-3
downloading software to 4-24–4-26
reset, switch 7-2
router
for VLAN communication, 5-2
RS232 cable 2-3
AT-S20 User’s Guide
S
SAT (Source Address Table) 6-13
secure mode 6-13
security 6-18
Security Threshold 6-20
security threshold 6-15
security threshold, setting 6-20
Security/Source Address Table 6-12
setting, MAC Address 6-20
setting, security threshold 6-20
setting, source address 6-19
SNMP
community strings 4-7
SNMP MIB 6-17
SNMP trap message 6-17
software upgrades
network downloads 4-24–4-26
source address learning Mode 6-12
source address learning mode 6-19
source address setting 6-19
source address table (SAT) 6-12–6-18
Source AddressTable (SAT) 6-13
source port 6-23
sourceaddress learning mode 6-13
spanning tree
concepts Preface-ii, A-1–A-2
parameters, configuring 4-29–4-32
spanning tree protocol
features A-2
operations A-3
parameters A-2
static MAC Address, clearing 6-11
statistics, viewing 6-28, 6-33
store-and-forward 4-15
subnet mask 2-4, 4-7
switch configuration, task list 4-1
switch identifiers 4-8
switch name, deleting 4-10
switch naming 1-3, 2-5
transmission mode 6-27
transmitted frames, Ethernet 6-31–6-32
trap message
intruder protection 6-17–6-18
trunking, port (sharing) 4-34
V
variables, entering Preface-v
Virtual LAN Configuration 5-1
virtual local area networks (VLANs)
about,
local area network
virtual, 5-1
advantages, 5-2
default, 5-1
VLAN
communication, 5-2
maximum number 5-5
VT100 4-19
T
Telnet 2-3
terminal settings 2-1
TFTP, get request 2-4
TFTP, software downloads 4-24
threshold security 6-12
timeout value 1-3, 2-5
Index-3