DLS GENESIS Stereo 60, Stereo 100, Dual Mono, Four Channel, Five Channel, Monoblock, B-40, SM-60, SM-100, DM-200, Q-200X, SA-30, SA-50, DA-100, Q-100X, P-300X, DS 100, DQ 200 car audio amplifiers Sound handbook

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SOUND HANDBOOK

2000

Hints and advices for car sound builders using

DLS / GENESIS amplifiers and DLS speakers

If you close your eyes the sound should be as close as possible to the real. You should be able to experience the sound as it is in the concert hall or on a rock concert. Every instrument and singer should be on it´s correct place on the stage. To achieve this you need a good front stage image and to do such an installation is not easy. DLS or GENESIS amplifiers and DLS speaker systems will help you to achive a sound as good as possible, but you also have to do a correct installation if you want a perfect result. This book will give you hints about doing a good installation.

DLS lay a great job in developing and refining the different products in order to give the market the best

Car-Hi-Fi products possible to the worlds most demanding listeners.

AMPLIFIER CLASSES

Depending upon the construction, amplifiers are divided into different classes, there are class A, AB,

B or C. The characteristic mark for a class A amplifier is the lack of switching noise distortion, which the other types have. The class A amplifier also has a higher idle current, but instead it creates a much better resoulution and dynamics. For home use the class A amplifiers are not very common, many people think they are only for sound connoisseurs and Hi-Fi entusiasts.Powers from 2x15 up to 2x50 Watts are common on these types, no high power, but instead real good AC/DC-conver ters with reliable power resources.

The most common amplifier type is class AB.

CLASS A - IN A NEW WAY

To make a pure class A amplifier for in-car use would be relatively easy, but would cause many problems.

the main problem is the efficiency of true class A operation. To provide 50 watts per channel would require a power consumption of about 250 watts continuous. This is around 21 A from a 12 V system.

A second battery and maybee alternator would be required for most installations. This would also require fan cooling to get rid of the heat.

DLS AMPLIFIER PHILOSOPHY

A wellknown french sound philosopher, Jean Hiraga, said regarding home Hi-Fi: A good sound starts in the mains plug and then through the AC/DCconverter, which must be oversized.

The same is valid for Car Hi-Fi, the amplifier must at all occasions have enough power to make a good job. Remember to use well oversized cables from the battery to the amplifier. It is also essential that the DC/DC-converter is well oversized to make it distribute enough power to the amplifiers final stage when it´s needed, otherwise both the dynamics and the good sound will be lost. The amplifier will sound

"tired" and the sound will be strained. The bass will lack the real "bass-kick" and the treble becomes sharp instead of soft and airy.

The built-in amplifers in most CD:s and stereo casette players can´t stand up to these demands. To achieve a good sound it´s necessary to install. an external high quality amplifier.

In a class "A" amplifier, the improvement in sound quality is thanks to absence of switching noise from the output transistors. The penalty for this is that the amplifier is not efficient and wastes energy. By using a special biasing circuit to ensure the output transistors do not switch off, the GENESIS amplifiers achieve all the advantages of a class "A" operation with only a small reduction in efficiency.

All amplifiers can be used in bridgemode and multimode applications.

The new GENESIS series 3 amplifiers can not be defined either as class A or AB. They are a unique

GENESIS construction. All amplifiers are 2

Ω

stable except for Monoblock and the subwoofer channel on

Five Channel which are 1

Ω

stable.

GENESIS AMPLIFIERS TO 97-10.

SA-30 class "A" B-40

SA-50

DA-100

SM-60

SM-100

Q-100X

P-300X

" DM-200

" + AB Q-200X

MONO-250 " class "AB"

GENESIS AMPLIFIERS FROM 97-11.

Stereo 60 Stereo 100

Dual Mono

Five Channel

Four Channel

Monoblock

DLS amplifiers Reference-100 and reference 200 uses class "AB" operation.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - FORMULAS AND FACTS

FORMULAS

It´s easier to understand some parts in this book if you know some of the formulas on this page. They are also useful at many other occasions.

OHMS LAW:

R = resistance in ohm, U = voltage in Volt

I = current in Ampere, P = power in Watt

MEASURE CONVERSION

The following relation between some units are useful to know of.

1 yard (yd) = 3 ft = 36 in = 0,9144 m

1 foot (ft) = 0,3048 m

1 inch (in) = 2,54 cm

1 square yard (yd 2 ) = 9 ft 2 = 1296 in 2 = 0,8361 m 2

1 square foot (ft 2 ) = 144 in 2 = 9,290 dm 2

1 square inch (in 2 ) = 6,452 cm 2

1 cubic yard (yd 3 ) = 27 ft 3 = 0,7646 m 3

1 cubic foot (ft 3 ) = 1728 in 3 = 28,32 dm 3

1 cubic inch (in 3 ) = 16,39 cm 3

1 pound (lb) = 16 oz = 0,4536 kg

1 ounce (oz) = 28,35 gram

CONVERSION GAUGE - mm

Gauge (ga) is an American measure for cable areas, also called AWG (American Wire Gauge).

GEOMETHRY:

Circel:

r = radius

d= diameter

O = periphery

A = area

Radius (r) = O

Diameter (d) = O

Periphery (O) = 2

π x r Area (A) =

x r 2

1 AWG = 42 mm 2

2 AWG = 33 mm 2

3 AWG = 27 mm 2

4 AWG = 21 mm 2

5 AWG = 16 mm 2

6 AWG = 13 mm 2

7 AWG = 10 mm 2

8 AWG = 8 mm 2

9 AWG = 6,8 mm 2

10 AWG = 5,3 mm 2

11 AWG = 4,2 mm 2

12 AWG = 3 mm 2

13 AWG = 2,7 mm 2

14 AWG = 2 mm 2

15 AWG = 1,65 mm 2

16 AWG = 1,3 mm 2

Box volumes (V):

When caculating the volume of a box you simply multiply the width (W) x heigth (H) x depth (D).

Use measures in dm and you will get the answer in liters.

A trapezoid box is calulated as below:

V = width (W) x heigth (H) x upper depth + lower depth

To get the net volume use the inner measures of the box.

Volume (V) of a pipe:

D = depth (length) r = radius

V = r 2 x 3,14 x D r

Use measures in dm and you will get the answer in liters.

SPEAKER TERMS

It´s useful to know what the most common speaker data terms stands for.

Fs = speaker resonant frequency in Hz

Fc = box resonant frequency in Hz

F3 = approximative lower frequency for vented boxes in Hz. Often called F-3 dB point = the point where the power is half.

Qes = the speakers electrical Q-value

Qms = the speakers mechanical Q-value

Qts = the speakers total Q-value

Vas = Eqvivalent air volume. The air volume having the same aqoustic compliance as the speaker suspension.

X-max = voice coil length - 2 x thickness of the inner pole plate.

Sd = the speakers effective cone area

Vb = net volyme of the box

SPL = sound pressure level in dB

Sens. = speaker sensitivity in dB at 1Watt / 1 mtr

Re = speaker DC resistance in ohms

Mms (Mmd) = moving mass

Le (Lbm) = Voice coil inductance

RMS = AC mean power

BL = The factor of theflux density in the magnetic gap in the speaker x the wire length of the voice coil

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - FORMULAS AND FACTS

DECIBEL - dB

dB is a unit used to describe a realation. It´s used to describe an amplification as well as an attentuation.

At an attentuation a minus sign is put before the figure.

An amplification is the relation between the input and the output signal. In can be valid for voltage, current or power.

When used for power amplification you must remember that current x voltage = power. This means that the relation becomes larger, see the table below.

CONNECTING RESISTORS

The formualas below is valid when connecting resistors and inductances in series or in parallel.

It can also be used for speakers.

IN SERIES:

The total resistance is equal to the sum of all resistors in the connection.

R tot = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 etc.

Examples of fixed dB relations:

For voltage and current: dB

0 dB

Amplification

1 time

1 dB

3 db

6 dB

10 dB

1,1 times

1,4 times

2 times (double)

3,16 times

20 dB 10 times

The amplification increases logarithmic.

Ω

R tot = 4 + 6 + 8 + 12 = 30

Ω

IN PARALLEL:

When connecting in parallel the total resistance always becomes lower, it is always lower than the lowest resistor value in the connection.

Formula:1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

R R1 R2 R3 R4

For power: dB

0 dB

3 dB

6 dB

10 dB

20 dB

Amplification

1 time

2 times

4 times

10 times

100 times

Ω

An attentuation of -6 dB is a half for voltage and current and a quarter when talking about power.

1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

R 4 4 8 8

R = 1,33

Ω

When connecting only two resistors in parallel you can use the formula below.

CONNECTION OF CAPACITORS

Capacitors acts in the opposite way as resistors when connected in series or parallel.

R =

R1 x R2 4 x 8

Ex.

R1 + R2 4 + 8

= 2,66

Ω

IN PARALLEL:

The total capacitance when connecting capacitors in parallel is the sum of each capacitor.

IN SERIES:

When connecting capacitors in series you calculate in the same way as for resistors connected in parallel.

C tot = C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 etc.

Formula: 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

C C1 C2 C3 C4

F 50

F 100 µ

C tot = 10 + 50 + 50 + 100 = 210

F = 0,000001 Farad (10 -6 )

1 nF = 0,000000001 Farad (10 -9 )

1 pF = 0,000000000001 Farad (10 -12 )

F 50

100

F 50

1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

C 10 50 50 100

C= 6,66

When connecting only two capacitors you can use the same formula as in the example with two resistors connected in parallel above.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - SPEAKER FACTS

PARAMETERS DLS SPEAKERS

Data 1/1-2000

Model Fs Re Res Qms Qes Qts Vas Mms Cms Le BL S d SPL X max

DLS C4/P4

DLS C5/P5

DLS C6/P6

DLS PS4

DLS PS5

DLS PS6

62 ohm ohm

2,98

3,09

7,32 3,51

20,91 4,93

1,43

0,73

0.67

0,64 liter

1,79

6,02 gram

M/NewtonmH Tesla-M c m 2

6,15

6,94

222

694

0,25

0,29

3,31

3,95 dB

44,13 82,1

78,54 84,8

63 3,02 14,27 4,62 0,98 0,81 13,49 10,02 645 0,25 3,49 122,0 87,1

113 4,23 16,36 4,07 1,05 0,84 1,10 4,89 403 0,18 3,74 44,13 83,7

87 4,15 13,65 3,20 0,97 0,75 5,78 6,06 550 0,18 3,76 86,5 87,8

65,8 4,15 10,89 3,23 1,23 0,89 14,34 8,65 677 0,20 3,47 122,8 87,0

DLS 425 slimline 87 4,15 13,65 3,20 0,97 0,75 5,78 6,06 550 0,18 3,76 86,5 87,8

DLS 426 slimline 65,8 4,15 10,89 3,23 1,23 0,89 14,34 8,65 677 0,20 3,47 122,8 87,0

DLS 428

DLS 962

3,35

3,37

34,08 8,29 0,82

40,89 10,62 0,87

0,74

0,81

20,34 18,17 442

11,98 13,92 275

0,36

0,28

5,14

5,23

181,0 88,3

176,0 90,5

DLS 960 50 0,59 47,50 m m

DLS R4/RC4

DLS R4 Al-cone

DLS R5 Al-cone

DLS R6 Al-cone

R8/RC8

R36 4" element

R36 6" element

T20 tweeter

RC 1 tweeter

RC1 from 8-98

U 2,5 mid

U4 bass

U5 bass

89 2,87 16,69 5,78 1,00 0,85 1,28 6,79 468 0,26 3,32 44,13 81,4

96,4 3,43 28,78 7,61 0,91 0,81 1,03 7,23 377 0,26 4,07 44,13 81,9

3,00

3,48

2,87

7,63 7,21

45,00 8,18

16,69 5,78

0,72

0,63

1,00

0,66

0,59

0,34

0,85

8,11

1,28

10,77 633

15,59 12,73 736

6,79 468

0,27

0,26

4,13

4,78

3,32

86,50 86,0

122,8 87,2

44,13 81,4

1500 -

950 5,2 -

950 4,0

0,40

0,04 -

350 3,5 -

80 2,5

3,14

0,74

0,59

4,08

4,3 854 0,18

3,30

3,65 26,52 3,55 0,49 0,43 7,77 9,91 683 0,41 5,33 90

92,5 0,5

87,4

U5 bass from 8-98 65

U6 bass 48

U6 bass from 7-96 68

U6 bass from 9-98 60

UC5 bass

UC6 bass

UX5

UX6

UW 10

DLS W108/108C

DLS W110/110C

DLS W112/112C

DLS W108B

DLS W110B

DLS W112B

DLS W310

3,6 3,83 0,45 0,40 7,20 7,5 634 0,37 4,75 90 90 3,5

3,57 18,79 2,90 0,55 0,46 18,37 11,69 850 0,47 4,80 119,0 87,6 3

3,30 20,06 3,91 0,64 0,55 7,65 14,08 385 0,42 5,57 119,0 87,6 3

3,6 4,2 0,63 0,55 16 8,9 800 0,26 4,6 119 90 3,5

3,30

3,3

3,49

3,93

0,93

1,51

0,86

0,97

6,5

4,90 1,21 0,95 7,80 3,25 674 0,31 2,50 90

4,20 1,09 0,86 20

5,8

8,13

4,40

571

561

0,21

0,16

1017 0,31

2,88

2,83

2,52

119

38 3,8 2,15 0,52 0,42 77 31,4 525 0,58 7,70 324 91,5 4,25

41,7 3,40 20,56 3,77 0,62 0,54 29,55 22,91 635 0,67 5,72 182,0 87,2 4

39,9 3,37 18,23 3,77 0,70 0,59 49,11 45,14 353 0,65 7,39 314,6 88,3 4

34,5 3,33 21,13 4,32 0,68 0,59 97,77 62,72 339 0,82 8,15 453,0 89,5 4

40,3 3,34 10,6 1,81 0,57 0,43 27,10 26,65 586 0,45 6,28 181,5 86,7 5

34,5 3,44 11,26 1,50 0,46 0,35 69,86 42,45 503 0,72 8,31 314,6 89,8 5

30,7 3,50 12,85 2,03 0,55 0,43 134,9357,39 470 0,74 8,36 452,3 90,3 5

36,0 3,43 2,49 0,32 0,28 48,6 55,15 349 1,1 11,50 314,6 92 5

DLS W312

DLS W310B

DLS W312B

DLS W510C

DLS W512C

DLS W610

DLS W612

DLS W710

DLS W712

DLS MW10

DLS MW12

DLS MW110

DLS MW112

DLS X-12

30,0 3,43 3,26 0,36 0,34 115,0 79,65 317 1,1 12,22 453,0 93

34,4 3,42 23,98 2,46 0,35 0,31 39,7 74,97 285 0,8 12,58 314,6 89

29,7 3,42 25,03 2,47 0,34 0,30 106 77,8 369 0,72 12,14 452,3 91

28,6 3,38 25,36 3,46 0,30 0,28 68,1 78,7 392 1,60 11,89 314,6 89

30,4 3,31 23,60 3,63 0,31 0,28 109 88,8 308 1,68 13,07 452,3 92

32,9 3,58 55,55 3,63 0,23 0,22 40,3 80,72 290 1,58 15,98 314,6 90

28,1 3,30 40,45 3,93 0,32 0,30 77,9 118,03271 1,53 14,66 452,3 89

32,4 3,57 71,73 3,76 0,19 0,18 42,9 78,11 308 1,49 17,43 314,6 91

28,8 3,24 43,98 3,13 0,23 0,21 80,2 109,3 279 1,43 16,69 452,3 91

35,1 3,23 20,78 2,32 0,36 0,31 28 101,9 202 1,26 14,20 314,6 89

31,7 3.57

32,05 2,14 0,24 0,21 60,2 120,2 210 0,95 18,94 452,3 91

36,7 3,20 16,82 2,34 0,44 0,37 27,5 95,37 197 1,22 12,58 314,6 87

31,8 3,34 18,68 1,71 0,31 0,26 58,8 122,1 205 0,99 16,35 452,3 90

35,7 5,00 73,33 5,16 0,35 0,33 52,4 139,3 143 1,46 21,07 511 90

OLDER DLS SUBWOOFERS

DLS 5508

DLS 5508A

DLS 5310/5510

DLS 5310A

DLS 5310B

DLS 5512

DLS 5512A

DLS 5612

DLS 5612A

DLS 5615

49 3,0

43 1,9

47 2,7

49 3,2

0,40 36

0,32 22,9

0,65 76

2,58 0,52 0,45 46,8 40,8

0,33 81,6

0,35 280

2,58 0,43 0,37 134 39,1

0,39 204

1,65 0,45 0,35 81,0 59,1

1,73 0,20 0,18 125 94,1

Data can be changed without prior notice. On some models some data are missing.

8,51

6,81

11,1

21,4

92 3

98 2

96 3,8

100 3,5

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER DATA

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS GENESIS AMPLIFIERS, series 3.

GENESIS Stereo 60 Stereo 100 Dual Mono

Continuous power output watts RMS, 20 Hz - 20 kHz, 0,1% distortion

Nom. power in 4

Ω

Typ. power in 4

Ω

Nom. power in 2

Ω

Typ. power in 2

Ω

Nom. power, 4

Ω

bridge

Typ. power 4

Ω bridge

2 x 30 Watt

2 x 55 Watt

2 x 60 Watt

2 x 85 Watt

1 x 120 Watt

1 x 170 Watt

2 x 50 Watt

2 x 95 Watt

2 x 100 Watt

2 x 145 Watt

1 x 200 watt

1 x 290 Watt

2 x 100 Watt

2 x 150 Watt

2 x 200 Watt

2 x 250 Watt

1 x 400 watt

1 x 500 Watt

S / N ratio, A-weighted >100 dB >100 db >100 dB

Damping factor

Input impedance

Input sensitivity

Filter high-pass

Filter low-pass

Fan output terminal

* Switchable in/out

Current draw:

Idle

Typical

Maximum

Dimensions (mm)

Weight

>200

>10 k

0,3 - 5V

20-200 Hz

Fixed 80 Hz*

1,0 A

5 A

23 A

150x210x62

1,6 kg

>200

>10k

0,3 - 5V

20-200 Hz

50-200 Hz*

Yes

1,6 A

7 A

37 A

200x210x62

2,1 kg

>200

>10k

0,3 - 5V

20-200 Hz

50-200 Hz*

Yes

2,5 A

12 A

58 A

300x210x62

3,2 kg

Four Channel

4 x 50 Watt

4 x 95 Watt

4 x 100 Watt

4 x 145 Watt

2 x 200 Watt

2 x 290 Watt

>100 dB

>200

>10k

0,3 - 5 V

20-200 Hz (K1 - 4)*

50-200 Hz (K1 - 4)*

Yes

2,0 A

10 A

75 A

360x210x62

3,75 kg

GENESIS Monoblock Five Channel

RMS output power per channel at 14,4 volt, 20 Hz - 20 kHz, < 0,1% distortion, (Monoblock at 0.01%)

Nom. power in 4

Ω

250 Watt 4 x 40 Watt Sub channel: 140 Watt

Typ. power in 4

Ω

Nom. power in 2

Ω

Typ. power in 2

Ω

Nom. power in 1

Ω

Typ. power in 1

Ω

Bridge mode 4

Ω

nom.

Bridge mode 4

Ω typical

400 Watt

500 Watt

750 Watt

1000 Watt

1200 Watt

4 x 55 Watt

4 x 60 Watt

4 x 80 Watt

2 x 150 Watt

2 x 160 Watt

Sub channel: 155 Watt

Sub channel: 200 watt

Sub channel: 260 Watt

Sub channel: 300 Watt

Sub channel: 360 Watt

Damping factor >500 >200

S / N ratio, A-weighted

Input sensitivity

>100 dB

0,3 - 5V

>100 dB

0,3 - 5V

Input impedance

Filter high-pass

Filter low-pass

Fan output terminal

Current draw:

Idle

Typical

Maximum

Dimensions (mm)

Weight

>10 k

Nej

Yes

50-125 Hz

3,0 A

30 A

170 A

450x210x62

5,0 kg

>10 k

80-400Hz + 15-40 Hz*

400Hz-40k + 50-125 Hz*

Yes

3,0 A

12 A

80 A

450x210x62

4,75 kg

* Switchable in/out

Recommended cable size for the DC-feed:

Cable length:

Stereo 60

Stereo 100

Dual Mono

Four Channel

Five Channel

Monoblock

<1,5 m 1,5 - 5 m > 5 m

6 mm 2 10 mm 2 16 mm 2

10 mm

16 mm

21 mm

21 mm 2

33 mm 2

16 mm 2 21 mm 2

33 mm 2 33 mm 2

33 mm

42 mm

Max fuse value for different cable sizes:

6 mm 2 = 9AWG 25A

10 mm 2 = 7AWG

16 mm 2 = 5AWG

40 A

60 A

21 mm 2 = 4AWG

33 mm 2 = 2AWG

42 mm 2 = 1 AWG

100 A

140 A

200 A

Recommended main fuse for amplifiers:

Amplifier

Stereo 60

Fuse

25 A

Fuse holder

FH1

Stereo 100

Dual Mono

Four Channel

Five Channel

Monoblock

40 A

50 A

60 A

125 - 150 A

FH1

FH2

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER DATA

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS GENESIS AMPLIFIERS, series 2

AMPLIFIERS IN CLASS AB:

GENESIS B-40 SM-60 SM-100 DM-200 Q-200X

Continuous power output watts RMS, 20 Hz - 20 kHz, 0,1% distortion

Nom. power in 4

Ω

2 x 20 W 2 x 30 W 2 x 50 W 2 x 100 W 4 x 50 W

Typical power in 4

Ω

Nom. power in 2

Ω

2 x 30 W 2 x 45 W 2 x 75 W 2 x 130 W 4 x 70 W

Typical power in 2

Ω

2 x 40 W 2 x 60 W 2 x 80 W 2 x 150 W 4 x 90 W

2 x 50 W 2 x 80 W 2 x 110 W 2 x 200 W 4 x 120 W

Bridge mode 4

Ω

nom.

60 Watt 120 Watt 160 Watt 300 Watt 2 x 180 W

Bridge mode 4

Ω typical 90 Watt 150 Watt 240 Watt 425 Watt 2 x 240 W

S / N ratio, better than 100 dB

Channel separation 60 dB

Input variable 0,2 - 3V

100 dB

70 dB

0,2 - 3V

100 db

70 dB

0,2 - 3V

100 dB

70 dB

0,2 - 3V

100 dB (A-weigthed)

60 dB

0,2 - 3V

Power consumption:

idle

Ω nom. power

Ω

nom. power

Dimensions (mm)

0,4 A

16A

0,5A

13A

24A

0,8A

19A

35A

1,2A

45A

65A

1,3A

45A

65A

100x190x62 125x177x62 165x192x62 260x192x62 320x192x62

AMPLIFIERS IN CLASS "A":

GENESIS SA-30 SA-50 DA-100 Q-100X P-300X*

Continuous power output watts RMS, 20 Hz - 20 kH, 0,1% distortion

Nom. power in 4

Ω

2 x 15 W 2 x 25 W 2 x 50 W 4 x 25 W 4x40 W + 1 x 100 W

Typical power in 4

Ω

Nom. power in 2

Ω

Typical power in 2

Ω

2 x 25 W

2 x 30 W

2 x 45 W

2 x 50 W

2 x 75 W

2 x 85 W

2 x 100 W

2 x 140 W

4 x 45 W

4 x 50 W

4 x 75 W

4 x 53 W + 1 x 130 W

4 x 60 W + 1 x 200 W

4 x 78 W + 1 x 220 W

Typical power in 1 W

Bridge mode 4

Ω

nom.

60 Watt

1 x 300 W

100 Watt 200 Watt 2 x 100 Watt 2 x 100 W

Bridge mode 4

Ω typical 100 Watt 160 Watt 300 Watt 2 x 160 Watt 2 x 130 W

S / N ratio, better than 100 dB 100 dB 100 db 100 dB 105 dB

Channel separation

Input variable

70 dB

0,2 - 3V

* P300X subchannel works in class AB

Power consumption:

70 dB

0,2 - 3V

70 dB

0,2 - 3V

70 dB

0,2 - 3V

70 dB

0,2 - 2V

idle

Ω nom. power

Ω

nom. power

1,3 A

16A

1,7A

12A

23A

3,3A

22A

33A

3,4A

24A

46A

3,8A

87A

Dimensions (mm) 125x177x62 165x192x62 260x192x62 320x192x62 450x192x62

BUILT-IN FILTERS

Q-100x, Q-200x and P-300X are equipped with built-in 12 dB variable electronic crossovers.

Low-pass variable 60 - 150 Hz

High-pass variable 80 - 200 Hz

P-300X: K1-2: HP 80-200 Hz / 2,4 kHz - 6 kHz

K3-4: HP 80 - 200 Hz + LP 3 kHz - 40 kHz

K5: HP 15 - 40 Hz + LP 50 - 125 Hz

The high-pass filters on channel 1-2 and 3-4 can be switched in-out.

REC. CABLE SIZES FOR THE DC-FEED

Cable length:

B-40/SA-30/50

<1,5 m 1,5 - 5 m > 5 m

6 mm 2 10 mm 2 16 mm 2

SM-60/SM-100 6 mm 2

DA-100/DM-200 10 mm

10 mm

2 16 mm

16 mm 2

21 mm 2

Q-100X

Q-200X

10 mm 2 16 mm 2

16 mm 2 21 mm

Mono-250/P-300X 16 mm 2 21 mm 2

21 mm

33 mm

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - DLS AMPLIFIER SPECIFICATIONS

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONES OF DLS AMPLIFIERS

MODEL DS 100/Reference 100 DQ 200/Reference 200

Number of channels

Mode

RMS output power at 13,5 VDC, 20 Hz - 20 kHz, max 0,1% THD:

4 ohm nominal power 2 x 50 Watts

4 ohm max effekt

2 ohm max effekt

Bryggkoppling 4 ohm

2 x 65 Watts

2 x 100 Watts

220 Watts

4 x 50 Watts

4 x 60 Watts

4 x 80 Watts

2 x 180 Watts

THD

S/N ratio, A-weighted

Damping factor

Input impedance

Input sensitivity

Filter highpass

Filter lowpass

* Can be switched in/out

Filter slope

Fuses

Max power cable area power:

Max speaker cable area

Protection circuits

Power consumption:

Idle

Max consumption

Remote

Dimensions:

Width

Weigth

Heigth

Depth

< 0,1%

> 100 dB

> 200

15 kohm

0,3 - 5,5 volt

15 - 200 Hz

50 - 200 Hz*

12 dB/octave

25 A x 2

16 mm 2

6 mm 2

Current and thermal

0,7 A

37 A

26 mA

290 mm

65 mm

240 mm

4 kg

< 0,1%

> 100 dB

> 200

15 kohm

0,3 - 5,5 volt

15 - 200 Hz

50 - 200 Hz*

12 dB/octave

25 A x 2

16 mm 2

6 mm 2

Current and thermal

1,0 A

55 A

26 mA

400 mm

65 mm

240 mm

5,4 kg

Recommended cable size for the DC-feed.

Cable length: < 1,5 m 1,5 - 5 m > 5 m

Amplifier:

DS 100

DQ 200

10 mm

16 mm

21 mm

33 mm

Recommended main fuse:

Amplifier Fuse

DS 100 AGU 40 A

Fuse holder

FH1/FH1B

DQ 200 AGU 60 A FH1/FH1B

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - PASSIVE X-OVER FILTERS

CROSSOVER FILTERS

The ideal speaker element that can reproduce all frequencies from lowest bass to highest treble is not yet invented. Instead we have to use two or more speakers where each speaker is adapted to a part of the frequency range.

To make this work the input signal to each speaker element must contain only the frequencies it´s designed for. For this purpose we need crossover filters.

CROSSOVER EXAMPLES:

(without conjugate compensation)

3-WAY SYSTEM:

12 dB filter slope

123

10 mH 123

123

300

10 mH 12

5,6

0,18

12 mH

300

ACTIVE CROSSOVERS

Crossovers can be ACTIVE or PASSIVE. An active filter is connected before the amplifier line input. You need one amplifier for each speaker pair which will become rather expensive.

But the advantages are that it´s possible to mix speakers with different impedance or sensitivity and still be able to balance the system.

Most 4, 5 and 6-channel amplifiers are equipped with built-in active crossovers that can be adjusted in frequency and switched in-out.

GENESIS Q-100X, Q-200X and P-300X are equipped with these features. All GENESIS series 3 amplifiers are equipped with built-in active crossovers

Sub-bass

0-95 Hz

Mid-range Tweeter

95 Hz - 5 kHz 5 kHz -

4-WAY SYSTEM:

12 dB filter slope

300

123

10 mH

123

1,75 mH

123

5,6

PASSIVE CROSSOVERS

Passive crossover consists of coils and capacitors, and sometimes resistors for impedance adaption. A passive filter is connected between the amplifier and the speaker and is of LC-type, (coil and capacitor).

Sub-bass

0-95 Hz

Mid-bass Mid-range Tweeter

95 - 520 Hz 520 - 5 kHz 5 kHz -

The systems above are shown without impedance compensation. Read below about conjugate links.

A coil stops the higher frequencies while the low passes through, a capacitor works in the opposite way.

By changing the component values, different crossover frequencies are obtained. The coils must be of high quality with a large wire area to avoid losses and distortion. Air coils without iron core are the best but they can be rather big for high values. For high values we often use coils with an iron core. The best capacitors are of polyester type. For large capacitance values bipolar electrolytic capacitors are used.

Resistors are used in a filter for impedance adaption. Read the part about conjugate compensation.

A passive filter steals more power than an active.

CROSSOVER FREQUENCIES:

In a two-way system with separate tweeter a crossover frequency from 3 - 8 kHz is normal.

In a three-way system it´s normal to split the sub at 200-

400 Hz and the tweeter at 3 - 8 kHz.

In a four-way system the x-over frequencies can be as follows. To the subwoofer 80-130 Hz, mid-bass 400-

600 Hz and the tweeter 3 - 8 kHz.

This is a just a recommendation. Depending upon the speaker data and where the different elements are mounted in the car, other x-over frequencies could be better.

PHASE SHIFT IN CROSSOVER FILTERS

All passive crossovers will phase shift the signal.

A 6 dB filter shifts 90 degrees and a 12 dB 180 degrees. Because of this you should always try to phase reverse the tweeter in a system to see what phase is creating the best sound. In a 3-way system it´s normal to phase reverse the tweeter. All tweeters used in a system must have the same polarity

(phase). Also subwoofers with a 12 dB crossover should you try to phase reverse. If the subwoofer cone is moving but you don´t achieve any good bass you can try to phase reverse. If two subwoofers are connected with different polarity (phase), the sound from each speaker will kill the sound from the other, resulting in a poor bass reproduction.

CONJUGATE COMPENSATION:

Conjugate compensation is a way to equal the speaker load over the whole frequency range. A 4 ohm speaker can have an impedance peak up to 25 times the normal at the resonant frequency (Fs). To make the calculated crossover filter to match, you can connect a conjugate link in parallel with the speaker.

It´s normally made of a capacitor and a resistor. If you cant calculate the exact component values for the conjugate link you can use a 33

F capacitor in series with a 3,9 ohm resistor to most 4", 5,25" and

6,5" speakers.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - PASSIVE X-OVER FILTERS

PASSIVE 6 dB LOW-PASS

A 6 dB x-over filter has a 6 dB slope / octave. The output from an amplifier is only a quarter after falling with 6 dB. A 6dB filter is also called 1:st order filter.

A common use for a 6 dB low-pass filter is for a subwoofer to stop frequencies over, as for example,

100 Hz.

A 6 dB low-pass filter consists of a coil. The x-over frequency is decided by the inductance value measured in the unit Henry (H) and parts of a Henry.

For speakers we normally use coils with the unit mH.

1 H = 1000 mH.

PASSIVE 6 dB HIGH-PASS

A 6 dB high-pass x-over filter consists of a capacitor.

The crossover frequency varies with the capacitor value that is measured in the unit Farad and parts of

Farad. Normally we use

F values for speakers.,

1 F = 1000 000

Capacitor values from approx. 10

F and up are normally of bipolar electrolytic type. For lower values we often use polyester capacitors. A capacitor as in the drawing below let the high frequencies pass and stops the lower.

1:st order 6 dB low-pass filter:

123456

1:st order 6 dB high-pass filter:

CALCULATION FORMULA: CALCULATION FORMULA:

L (mH) = 160 x Z

Z = speaker impedance in

Ω

Fc = x-over frequency in Hz

L= Coil inductance in mH

When connecting coils in series the values are added.

Use this formula when connecting in parallel:

1 1 + 1 + 1

L L L L

Inductance values for different x-over frequencies:

X-over fq.

Ω

Hz L (mH)

Speaker impedance

Ω

L (mH) L (mH)

100

130

200

360

3,2

2,5

1,6

0,9

6,4

3,2

1,75

12,8

6,4

3,5

500

800

1000

0,65

0,4

0,32

1,3

0,8

0,64

2,6

1,6

1,28

X-over frequencies at given values:

10 mH

Ω

32 Hz

Ω

64 Hz

Ω

128 Hz

6,3 mH

50 Hz

101 Hz

203 Hz

1,75 mH

183 Hz

365 Hz

730 Hz

C (

F) = 160000

Fc x Z

Z = speaker impedance in

Ω

Fc = x-over frequency in Hz

C = Capacitor value in

When connecting capacitors in parallel the values are added. Use this formula when connecting in series.

1 + 1 + 1

C C C

Capacitor values for different x-over frequencies:

X-over fq.

Ω

Hz C (

80 1000

100

130

800

600

200

500

800

1000

2000

5000

400

160

100

Speaker impedance

Ω

C (

F) C (

500 250

400

300

200

150

200

100

X-over frequencies at given values:

Ω

300

F 200

F 150

F 50

F 6,8

266 Hz 400 Hz 533 Hz 1,6 kHz 11,7 kHz

133 Hz 200 Hz 266 Hz 800 Hz 5,85 kHz

67 Hz 100 Hz 133 Hz 400 Hz 2,92 kHz

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - PASSIVE X-OVER FILTERS

PASSIVE 12 dB LOW-PASS

A 12 dB x-over filter has a 12 dB slope / octave.

A 12 dB filter is a combination of a coil and a capacitor. It is also called 2:nd order filter. 12 dB low-pass filters are often used for subwoofers in order to stop frequencies over the x-over frequency, for example 100 Hz. A combination of a low- and high-pass filter is called a band-pass filter.

2:nd order 12 dB low-pass filter:

PASSIVE 12 dB HIGH-PASS

The difference between the passive 12 dB high-pass x-over filter and the low-pass filter is that the coil and capacitor change place. For a certain x-over frequency the component values are the same for both high- and low-pass filters. A high-pass filter let high frequencies pass, and stops the lower.

2:nd order 12 dB high-pass filter:

123456

123

CALCULATION FORMULA:

L (mH) = 225 x Z

C (

F) = 112500

Fc x Z

Z = speaker impedance in

Ω

Fc = x-over frequency in Hz

L = coil inductance in mH

C = capacitor capacitance in

When connecting coils in series the values are added.

Use this formula when connecting in parallel:

1 1 + 1 + 1

L L L L

CALCULATION FORMULA:

L (mH) = 225 x Z

C (

F) = 112500

Fc x Z

Z = speaker impedance in

Ω

Fc = x-over frequency in Hz

L = coil inductance in mH

C = capacitor capacitance in

When connecting capacitors in parallel the values are added. Use this formula when connecting in series.

1 + 1 + 1

C C C

COMPONENT VALUES FOR 12 dB PASSIVE CROSSOVERS

X-over freq.

in Hz C (

µµµµµ

Ω

L (mH) C (

µµµµµ

Ω

L (mH) C (

µµµµµ

Ω

L (mH)

62,5

140

190

375

520

800

3500

5000

900

600

400

300

150

108

7,2

3,2

2,35

1,2

0,87

0,56

0,12

0,09

450

300

200

150

5,6

The same component values are used for both highand low-pass filters, but they change place.

Use coils with low resistance, air coils are the best.

Coils with iron core must be able to handle high current or the iron core magnetic saturation becomes to high causing distortion.

Capacitors must be of bipolar type, 50 - 100 Volt.

14,4

6,4

4,7

2,4

1,75

1,12

0,25

0,18

225

150

100

2,8

28,8

12,8

9,5

4,8

3,5

2,25

0,5

0,36

IMPORTANT WHEN CONNECTING FILTER !

When connecting a 12 dB low-pass x-over to a subwoofer it´s suitable to solder the capacitor directly on the sub terminals between + and -.

If the sub is disconnected without disconnecting the capacitor at the same time the amplifier can be damaged.

A 12 dB filter connected without a speaker will overload the amplier (if it´s turned on) and damage the output circuits.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - THE CABLES

THE CABLES - AN IMPORTANT LINK

No chain is stronger than it´s weakest link !

It´s not unusual that people buy expensive amplifiers and speakers but forget the wiring. DLS have high quality cables for both amateurs and professional users.

Cables made of oxygen free copper (OFC).

Cables made of oxygen free copper will not oxidize as normal copper do. The oxidation increases the

DC-resistance and as a result of this the voltage drop in the cable. All DLS cables use oxygen free copper.

DLS POWER CABLES.

As we have said before the DC-feed to the amplifier is of great impor tance. The amplifier must in all occasions have enough current, otherwise both the dynamics and good sound will be lost.

DLS power cables of oxygen free copper are made of a lot of small cores to make it soft and flexible with lowest DC-resistance. Use the table below to choose the correct DC-feed.

Cable length:

DLS DS 100

DLS DQ 200

Stereo 60

Stereo 100

Dual Mono

Four Channel

Five Channel

Monoblock

<1,5 m 1,5 - 5 m > 5 m

10 mm 2 16 mm 2 21 mm 2

16 mm

6 mm 2

2 21 mm

10 mm 2

2 33 mm 2

16 mm 2

10 mm

16 mm

33 mm

16 mm

21 mm

33 mm

21 mm 2

33 mm 2

42 mm 2

SKIN-EFFECT AND INDUCTANCE

In a conductor the higher frequencies moves on the surface, while lower frequencies moves in the center of the cable. To make the active resistance

( impedance and inductance) as low as possible for each frequency some cables use different strand sizes for different frequencies. Higher frequencies prefer a cable with very thin strands while the lower frequencies will find the lowest active resistance in a thicker strand. To minimize the cable resistance further the cable can be designed with a combination of copper and silver plated strands.

One of the advantages with DLS speaker- and signal cables are the low inductance. Opposite an ordinary DC-resistance the inductance is linear. It means that higher frequencies will be more supressed than the lower which can create a distored and false sound reproduction. Inductance will occour when an AC-current flows in an electromagnetic field.

These fields are causing eddy currents superposed the normal current leading to an increase of resistance. They also make the current flow to decrease towards the center of the conductor (skineffect). A low inductance is to prefer. This is achieved by using raw materials with high purity. A low inductance will also be achieved by twisting the strands in the conductor. When the current to the speaker passes through the speaker coil, which is an inductance, it creates eddy currents that goes back to the amplifier called counter- Electro Motive Force

(EMF). The EMF is also reduced by a correct cable construction with twisted strands.

In many installations the current capacity is improved with extra batteries (OPTIMA) with low inner resistance or large 1 Farad capacitors, DLS Power

Caps. If you don´t want to spend money on extra batteries at least you shouldn´t save money on the

DC-feed.

DLS SPEAKER CABLES.

Also the speaker feed must be of high quality. Use cables with an area of at least 1,5 mm 2 .DLS speaker cables are soft and flexible with a construction that minimizes the loss over the whole frequency range.

DLS speaker cable design gives the following advantages:

❑ Maximum reduction of the EMF which causes

phase shift resulting in bad sound quality.

❑ Lowest possible damping resistance on all

frequencies by using the skin effect.

❑ Lowest possible power loss.

DLS SC 4x1 and SC 4x1,5 are special speaker cables with four leads. They are twisted and has a powerful insulation protecting them from mechanical agitation.

The four leads are connected in pairs as they have different strand sizes using the skin effect to minimize the resistance on all frequencies.

The capacitance, inductance and EMF are reduced by the twisted cores in the cable.

Two of the four leads have a strand size of 0,1 mm 2 , and the two others have 0,2 mm 2 .

DLS SC 2x1,5, SC 2x2,5 and SC 2x4 are the standard two-lead speaker cables made of oxygen free copper. They have twisted strands and are soft and flexible for easy installations.

SIGNAL CABLES:

The signal cables must be of good quality as well as the speaker cables.

The construction of the cable must have the best possible reduction of inductance and capacitance together with a low damping over the whole frequency range.

The shielding is also important to avoid interference noise from the electric system of the car.

DLS SL2PRO and SL5PRO are triple shielded but without a remote wire. A remote wire included with the signal cable may induce interference. These cables are also quasi-balanced for maximum performance.

Also use RCA phono connectors of highest quality with good shielding and gold plated for minimum contact resistance.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION

THE HEAD UNIT

The heart in a car stereo installation is the car stereo, often called head unit. Today it´s normally a tuner with an external CD-changer or built-in CD-player.

The well-known brands are the best choice if you want a high quality product.

One important detail is to buy a head unit with RCA pre-outs which makes it easier when you want to do a more sophisticated installation than standard. The head unit is normally installed in the dash-boards original fitting, just make sure it´s fastened properly. If possible use heavier DC-feeds than the originals used in the car. If you use the internal amplifier to feed any speaker pair this is important. The ground wire must have the same area as the +-feed.

If you have interference noise from the alternator or ignition its´often the ground connection that is wrong.

Try different places for the ground connection, the best is close to a unit (the amplifier).

THE AMPLIFIER

An extra amplifier should be installed in a place where it can be satisfactory cooled. Many amplifiers get very hot and need a good cooling.

In some installations you might need one or two external cooling fans.

First check if there are any cable mats or fuel pipes behind the place where you plan to mount the amplifier. Alternatively use an extra particle board or the bass box when you mount the amplifier and you will have a better ground insulation. To avoid interference noise this can be to prefer.

Install the amplifier far away from your radio aerial.

Sometimes the amplifiers DC/DC-converter generates high frequency interference.

THE CABLES

As we have said before the cables are very important.

In the table on page 5 you find recommended areas for the DC-feed for different amplifiers. The ground wire must have the same area as the +-wire. Connect the ground wire as close as possible to the amplifier.

Connect all units in the system to the same ground point to avoid interference.

Use high quality speaker cables with an area of at least 1,5 mm 2 to the side systems and 2,5 mm 2 to the subwoofers, (or more).

Signal cables must have good shielding, otherwise they can pick up interference noise.

Avoid to place the power cables on the same side of the car as the signal cables. Also try to avoid the cars own cable mats to come close to the signal cables.

Any extra cable must be laid out in zig-zag style and definitely not coiled.

Don´t let the cables pass sharp edges that can hurt the cable insulation causing short circuits or other problems.

THE DC-FEED

To avoid damage to the amplifier or the electric system of the car the DC-feed installation must be made with care. A main fuse should be installed close to the battery. The fuse value depends on what kind of amplifier / amplifiers you use, but a fuse value of 40

- 60 A is normal.

Use either glass fuses or automatic circuit breakers.

If the amplifiers are installed in the back of the car it´s normal to install a separate fuse block from which you distribute the power to the separate units. Each unit will then be separately fuse protected. See the drawing below.

Battery

Main fuse

Fuse block

Wiring diagram with 3 amplifiers, main fuse and a fuse block with a fuse for each unit.

The main fuse holders use either a glass fuse of

AGU-type (max 80A), or ANL-fuses with values up to 250 Amps. There are fuse blocks for 2, 3 or 4

AGU fuses.

Automatic circuit breakers is another good alternative as main fuse. They also have a test button with which you easily can switch off the power to all units.

The ground wires from all units can easily be connected together with a power block type PB1.

For best function with lowest possible DC-resistance in all connection points, all the above products are gold plated with 24 K gold. Besides of a good function it´s also gives a good impression.

EXTRA BATTERY

In many exclusive installations, and most competition cars, extra batteries are installed. Sometimes also extra alternators for improved charging, or extra capacitors of 0,5 or 1 Farad value.

The purpose of this is to make sure that the amplifiers always gets enough current even at very high volumes, otherwise the sound will be destroyed at high volumes.

For a normal listener the ordinary car battery is sufficient. Just make sure you have DC-feeds that´s big enough. But if you plan to compete or just want to get the most out of your equipment it´s always right to install an extra battery or extra capacitors that works as a current reservoir.

These extra batterys are of a special type with low internal resistance that can handle large current flows.

DLS SOUND HANBOOK - INSTALLATION

SPEAKER INSTALLATION

An important part of the installation is of course the speakers.

How they are installed varies from car to car and depends upon the possibilities in each type.

The factory pre-made installation holes are not always ideal for other types of speakers than original. We will give you some hints of what to think of when installing speakers.

ORIGINAL INSTALLATION

The easiest way to install a speaker in a car is to use the factory pre-made holes. If you use car specific speakers, the installation job becomes very easy. But the problem is that these type of speakers are usually not of the highest quality and will not satisfy a demanding listener.

The high quality speakers often have large magnets making it necessary to first measure the space and sometimes make changes in the door or dash-board to make them fit. Especially the depth is important to check so that the side windows goes clear from the magnet.

Some car models requires special adaptors or distances to make the speaker fit when you use other speakers than the original.

If possible use some kind of baffle on the back of the door panel. Make sure the baffle is fastened properly and fasten the speaker in the baffle. This is easy to make and will normally result in a better sound than without baffle.

A speaker installation high up on the door-side is to recommend, but if the pre-made hole is at the bottom part of the door it´s difficult to change.

A 2/3-way system should be installed with the elements close to each other to achieve the best sound image. An alternative is to install the bass element in the door and the tweeter on the dashboard.

A door or dashboard installation is actually an "openair" installation since there is no limiting box.

ORIGINAL MOUNTING:

ADVANTAGES:

- Fast, easy and simple

Exemple of a door installation with new baffles.

NEW DOOR BAFFLES

If you want to improve your door installation you should build a new door-side. This must be adapted to the door side and is normally made of MDF or particle board. The baffle is covered with cloth or vinyl matching the car interior. Some car sound builders changes the whole door-side to a new one.

The speaker element is directed to obtain the best sound image. They are also fastened properly to avoid rattle.

They are normally mounted with a sealed speaker box behind the elements. The volumes needed for a

4" or 5,25" element are only a few liters.

BAFFLE MOUNTING:

ADVANTAGES:

- The speakers are mounted in real baffles.

- A box construction that improves the sound

quality with less rattling.

- Higher power handling capacity.

- Better sound image (front stage).

DISADVANTAGES:

- The speakers have no baffle = rattle.

- Bad power handling capacity.

- Bad sound image.

- No box to the speaker element.

DISADVANTAGES:

- More work and more expensive mounting.

- The cars original door sides are affected.

- The installation requires a lot of knowledge to

make the installation to look professional.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - INSTALLATION

KICK-PANELS

Another installation alternative giving a good sound image is the kick-panel. It´s placed down on the floor in front of the door on both sides. It can contain the whole system with bass, midrange and tweeter or a bass and midrange with the tweeter installed on the dashboard. The best places for the speakers must be tested out in the respective car.

Kick-panels are normally made of MDF or particle board and are build as sealed boxes or as membrane boxes where the element is allowed to breath through a membrane of foam rubber or similar.

Kick-panels are very popular in competition cars.

MOUNTING IN KICK-PANELS:

ADVANTAGES:

- Stable mounting without rattling.

- Superb sound image.

- Higher power handling capacity.

- Less affection on the cars interior.

DISADVANTAGES:

- More mounting work.

- Possibilites to damage the speaker if kicking on

them with the feets.

HIGH MOUNTED KICK-PANELS:

In some cars the kick-panel can be mounted invisible up under the dashboard. Can create a good sound image despite the strange mounting.

Kick-panel

CENTER CHANNEL SPEAKER

A center channel speaker can be used to improve the sound image in installations where the speaker mounting makes it difficult to achieve a correct sound image.

On a DLS or GENESIS amplifier you connect the center channel speaker in bridge mode between left and right channel and then you obtain the sum signal of both channels.

It can be mounted on the middle of the dashboard.

DASHBOARD MOUNTING

A mounting of the midrange and tweeter up on the dashboard will result in an improved sound image. It will be moved up on the dashboard. Some cars that have suitable original dashboard mounting holes can be used.

The tweeters should be mounted on the dashboard or on the door poles. The woofer elements should be mounted in a door-side or in a kick-panel. Suitable for DLS U-35/U-36 or R36/RC36.

REAR FILL

A well mounted front system is the most important in a sound system. In some cases we also use rear mounted speakers used as "rear fill". Rear fill speakers will improve the front stage image by adding a weak sound from the rear filling up the sound stage and giving it a deep. As Rear fill speakers we can use midrange elements in combination with a passive or active bandpass filter, mounted in the rear. A suitable frequency response can be from 500 - 6000

Hz. The level must be dampened easiest made with a series resistor of 10 - 20 ohms in series with the + lead. The rear fill speaker can also be connected in multimode. In this case you use only one element working as a center channel speaker.

DLS / GENESIS

In this example the signal is dampened with a

20 ohm resistor.

The level can then be adjusted with the variable resistor. The component values can need to be changed sometimes.

The frequency response in this example is between 550 -

6000 Hz. The component values can be changed if you want another frequency response.

R-

4,7

0-20

Ω

15W

123456

1234

0,15

1234

1234 mH

1234

1,75 mH

L+

Ω

15W

Center channel speaker 4 ohm

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - INSTALLATION

HAT-RACK MOUNTING

The best sound stage for front seat listeners is achieved with door- or kick-panel mounting. In competition cars the front system combined with rear subwoofers are often the only speakers. Sometimes they are combined with a pair of small 4" or 5,25" speakers in the back used as "rear fill". These rear fill speakers are connected with x-overs giving a reproduction from 1-2 kHz and up. Tweeters are normally not used in combination with rear fill.

The traditional hat-rack mounting with a system or

6x9" speakers requires some installation work to create a good sound.

A new hat-rack made of particle board (22 mm) or

MDF-board (19 mm) must be produced. The original hat-racks are normally not sufficient to use.

If you furthermore want the speakers to have a high power handling capacity you need to make some kind of speaker box (normally of sealed type) on the back of the hat-rack, limiting the cone movement.

If you have a bass box in your trunk it´s necessary to have a box for the hat-rack speakers. If not, the low bass from the sub will have an influence on the speaker cones and destroy the sound.

DLS / GENESIS IN MULTIMODE

All DLS and GENESIS (except for MONO 250) can be used in multimode operation. Multimode means that you from one amplifier can take three different signals, left channel, right channel and the sum of right and left channel.

To the sum signal you can connect one or more subwoofers through a passive low-pass crossover.

You can also connect a center-channel speaker in multimode. (See example on page 18).

The stereo connected speakers can be either a 2/3way system or coaxial speakers. To this speakers you must use passive high-pass filters that limits the frequency response.

The advantages of multimode operation is that a single amplifier can be used for all speakers in the car. It´s easy to install, it needs less space and it´s cheaper. The disadvantages is that you need passive crossovers and it´s difficult to adjust the sound balance between the front system and the subwoofer.

The load capacity of the amplifier limits the number of speakers that you can use in the system.

GENESIS series 3 amplifiers are 2

Ω

stable, the minimum amplifier load is 2 ohms.

In many installations you must use passive filters to the different speakers in your system. Later in this book there are some wiring examples where passive filters are used.

SUBWOOFER INSTALLATION

An "open air" subwoofer installation in the hat-rack or towards the back seat calls for the same baffles of particle board or MDF-board as described above.

But the best result is normally achieved using a separate bass box of some type. Later in this book we will describe different types of boxes and give advices of how to build a box.

You will also find suitable box sizes for all DLS subwoofers.

MULTIMODE CONNECTION

This is an example of a typical multimode connetion with a front system and a subwoofer. 12 dB passive high- and low-pass filters are used in combination with the original filters used for the front system.

All speakers have an impedance of 4 ohms.

The 10 mH coils can be spared.

Change to 200

F capacitors instead of 300

STEREO

DLS / GENESIS

AMPLIFIER

L+ LR- R+

300

123

123 12

123

10 mH

300

123

12 123

10 mH

123

Tweeters with filter

10 mH 12

300

F 12

123

Tweeters with filter

SUBWOOFER

This connection can be used with all DLS and

GENESIS amplifiers.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER WIRING EXAMPLES

AMPLIFIER WIRING EXAMPLES

Example 1.

Basic wiring with one or two speaker pairs.

This example with one or two 4 ohm systems can be used with all DLS and GENESIS amplifier models.

The amplifier load is 2 ohms when connected in parallel. Use 2/3-way systems or coaxial speakers.

All speakers must have an impedance of 4 ohms.

Example 2.

System with a front system and a multimode connected subwoofer.

This system is similar to that on page 12. But here we use a 6 dB filter (200

F capacitor) to the front system. With only one system and a subwoofer it´s sufficient with a 6 dB filter. All speakers must have an impedance of 4 ohms.

Car stereo Car stereo

L+ L-

123

Tweeter

123 with filter

123

Filter

123

Amplifier

R- R+

1234

Tweeter

123 with filter

123

The components inside the frames must be added to the system.

L+ L-

200

1234

Tweeter with filter

1234

Amplifier

R- R+ Highpass filter

200

1234

Tweeter with filter

1234

300

123

10 mH

123

Subwoofer

Lowpass filter

Suitable for:

Speaker impedance:

All DLS and GENESIS models.

4 ohm

Passive filters: Not needed except for the filters coming with the speaker kits.

Advantages: One amplifier can run both front and rear speaker systems.

Disadvantages: You can´t balance the sound levels between front/rear speakers. (It´s possible to use fixed resisors in series with the speakers to adjust the levels.)

Amplifier load: 2 ohms

Suitable for: All DLS and GENESIS models.

Passive filters: To the sub: 12 dB low-pass filter with 300

F capacitor + 10 mH coil giving 95 Hz x-over.

To the front system: 6 dB high-pass filter with 150 -

200

F capacitor giving 180 Hz x-over. The original filters in the systems must also be used.

Capacitors must be of bipolar type.

The coil must have low resistance, 0,5 - 0,7

Ω

Advantages: One amplifier can be used for the whole system.

Disadvantages: You can´t adjust the sound level

Alternatives: to the subwoofer.

If you use two subs they must be of

8 ohms impedance connected in parallel to obtain a 4 ohm amplifier load.

Amplifier load: 2 ohms

NOTE! In multimode operation the connected subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER WIRING EXAMPLES

Example 3.

System with a front and a rear system, and a multimode connected sub.

This system can be used together with most GENE-

SIS 2-channel amplifiers if 12 dB highpass crossovers are used to both front and rear systems and subwoofer. Both front and rear speakers are 2-way systems. The impedance of the subwoofer is 4 ohms.

Example 4.

System with a 4-channel amplifier, front and rear system and subwoofer.

In this example a front and a rear system are connected in parallel on FRONT. Two or three subwoofers are connected to REAR. The amplifiers built-in filters are used. Suitable for Q-100X, Q-200X,

Four Channel and DLS DQ-200.

Car stereo Car stereo

Passive 12 dB highpass x-over

Tweeter with filter

L+ L-

200 µµµµµ F

12 12

6,3 mH

Amplifier

R- R+

200 µµµµµ F

123

12 123

123

6,3 mH

123

Tweeter with filter

4-channel amplifier

Front Rear / sub

L+ R-

Tweeter with filter

The components inside the frames must be added to the system.

200 µµµµµ F

12 12

6,3 mH

300

µµµµµ

123

10 mH

123

Subwoofer

200 µµµµµ F

123

12 123

123

6,3 mH

123

Tweeter with filter

Passive 12 dB lowpass x-over

Tweeters with filter

The passive filters are not shown, but must naturally be used.

Tweeters with filter

Ω

The mono bridge mode connected sub should have an impedance of 4 ohms.

Suitable for: DLS and GENESIS 2-channel

amplifiers.

Speaker impedance: 4 ohms for all.

Passive filters:

To the sub: 12 dB lowpassfilter with 300

F capacitor + 10 mH coil giving 95 Hz x-over freq.

To front/rear systems: 12 dB highpass filter with capacitor 200

F and 6,3 mH coil giving 140 Hz xover frequency. The systems original filters must also be used.

Alternatives: If you use 2 subs they must be of 8 ohm impedance connected in parallel to 4 ohm.

Advantages: One amplifier for the whole system.

Disadvantages: You can´t vary the sound front/rear or the level to the subwoofer.

Amplifier load: 2 ohm

NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.

Suitable for: GENESIS and DLS 4-channel

amplifiers

Filter: No passive filters needed. The

amplifiers built-in filters are used.

Built-in filters: Adjust the built-in filters of the amplifiers according to the owners manual.

The speaker systems own filters are also used.

Alternatives: One or two systems can be connected in parallel to the FRONT output.

Mid-basses can be connected to the speaker output of the car stereo through a 12 dB low-pass filter with

550 Hz crossover. C = 50

F, L = 1,75 mH.

Amplifier load in the FRONT: 2 ohms example above: REAR: 2 ohms

NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER WIRING EXAMPLES

Example 5:

System with separate amplifiers for front and rear system with fader.

Separate amplifier for the subwoofers.

This system with three amplifiers and a filter box gives you many possibilities to adjust and balance the sound in your car so that every speaker plays at the wanted level. This is an advantage compared to multimode connected systems. It´s also possible to use mid-bass speakers with a passive crossover.

Car stereo

Fader Active filter

Front system amplifier

2-channel amplifier

123

Tweeters with filter

Rear system amplifier

2-channel amplifier

L+ R-

Subwoofer amplifier

123

1,75 mH

123

Mid bass speakers with

12 dB low-pass filter.

X-over freq. 550 Hz

1,75 mH

1234

Tweeters with filter

Ω

The mono bridge mode connected sub should have an impedance of 4 ohms.

Suitable for: All DLS and GENESIS 2-channel amplifiers can be used in this example.

To DLS and GENESIS series 3 you can use the internal crossovers instead of the separate active filter.

The mid-bass speakers can be connected to either the front or the rear system.

Active filter: You can use DLS 2W1 to split the signal.

Amplifier load: front system 4 ohm

rear system with mid-subs: 2 ohm

NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER WIRING EXAMPLES

Example 6:

System with separate amplifiers, one for the front system and one for the subwoofers. The rear system is fed directly from the car stereo.

In this system the built-in amplifier of the car stereo is used for the front system through a 6 dB highpassfilter with 200 Hz x-over. An active filter splits the signal between the rear and the sub amplifiers.

200

Tweeter with filter

123

Car stereo

/ CD

Active filter

123

Tweeter with filter

Front system amplifier

2-channel amplifier

123

Tweeters with filter

123

2-channel amplifier

L+ R-

Sub amplifier

Ω

The mono bridge mode connected sub should have an impedance of 4 ohms.

Suitable for: All DLS and GENESIS 2-channel amplifiers can be used in this example.

To DLS and GENESIS series 3 amplifiers you can use the internal filters instead of the Active filter.

Passive filters: To the rear system a 6 dB x-over (200

F capacitor) with 200 Hz x-over frequency, 300

F gives a x-over of 130 Hz, 150

F gives 266 Hz.

Active filter: Use an active filter box to split the signal between front and sub system.

Disadvantages: There will be a great difference in sound quality between the rear system without external amplifier, and the front system using a separate amplifier.

Amplifier load: Rear system: 4 ohms.

NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER WIRING EXAMPLES

Example 7:

System with a 4-channel amplifier, front and rear system, subwoofers and a center channel speaker.

In this system you can use DLS DQ/Ref 200, GENESIS Q-100X, Q-200X, Compact Four or Four Channel.

All these amplifiers have built-in electronic crossovers.

A center-channel speaker is connected i multimode. The center-channel level can be adjusted with a variable resistor.

Car stereo

Tweeters with filter

123

4-channel amplifiers

L+ LRR+ L+ LRR+

123

Ω

The mono bridge mode connected sub should have an impedance of 4 ohms.

Ω

123

1,75 mH

Center channel speaker

Suitable for: All DLS and GENESIS 4-channel amplifiers.

Passive x-overs: A center channel speaker is connected in bridge mode. To adjust the level you need a variable resistor with 15 watts power handing capacity. A band-pass filter allows the speaker to reproduce frequencies between 550 to 6000 Hz.

Active filters: The built-in filters are used.

Amplifier load: FRONT: 1,3 ohms

REAR: 2 ohms in the example above.

NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS WIRING EXAMPLES

Example 9:

System with P-300X, 5-channel amplifier with a front 2-way system with active crossover and a subwoofer.

Channel 1 & 2 = Tweeters with active high-pass filter

A single line input is

Tweeters Channel 3 & 4 = Midrange with high- and low-pass filter often enough in this

Channel 5 = Subwoofer with low-pass filter application.

No passive crossovers are needed. The built-in active

L+

Ch1 filters are used to all speakers.

L-

R+

Ch2

R-

L+

Midrange/bass If you want to balance the front/rear level you must add a line-in to the sub input on channel 5.

In Ch3

L-

R+

Ch4

R-

Ch5 -

Subwoofer

/ woofers

Example 10:

System with P-300X, front system, "rear fill", and a subwoofer.

With two line inputs it is possible to adjust the balance between front and rear speaker systems.

L+

Ch1

Ch2

L-

R+

R-

Ch3

Ch4

Ch5

L+

L-

R+

R-

1234

12345678

12345678 LP-filter

12345678

1234567

LP-filter

1234567

1234

"rear fill" speakers

Front 2-way system incl. filter

In this example the speakers own passive filters are used to the front system in combination with the built-in highpass filters on channel 1-2.

On channel 3-4 är "rear fill" speakers are connected. the amplifiers built-in filters are used.

The sub also uses the built-in filters.

Subwoofer using the builtin filters of the amplifier.

Example 11:

System with P-300X. Front system connected in bridge mode to ch. 1 -

4. subwoofer to ch 5.

Connect the inputs in parallell with Y-adaptors

L+

In Ch1

L-

12345

Ch2

Ch3

Ch4

Ch5

R+

R-

L+

L-

R+

R-

1234567

LP-filter

1234567

LP-filter

1234

Front system connected in bridge mode to channel 1 - 4.

The speakers own filters are used in combination with the built-in filters in the amplifier.

(Adjust the ch 3-4 lowpass filter to 40 kHz x-over freq.)

Subwoofer is using the ch 5 built-in filters.

Subwoofer using the amplifiers built-in filters

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS WIRING EXAMPLES

Example 9:

System with GENESIS Five Channel, 5 channel amplifier with a front 3-way system with active x-over. (Not for P-300X).

All other wiring examples can be found in the owners manual for Five Channel.

The diagram shows the connection of a 3-way system, DLS U36 or similar, where tweeter and midrange speakers are connected to ch 1-2, midbasses to ch 3-4, and subwoofers to ch 5 (not shown). Passive crossover is used between tweeter and midrange.

SPEAKERS

1/L + 2/R +

SPEAKERS

- 3/L + 4/R +

FILTER

MID-BASS

- This is suitable for 3-way speaker systems like DLS R-36, RC-36, U35 or U-36.

The passive crossover box must be used for tweeter and midrange.

NOTE! When using DLS U35 / U36 in this way, the 33

µµµµµ

F capacitor inside the filter must be cut off at one end.

TWEETER

MID-

RANGE

Filter Ch 3-4

LP filt HP filt LEVEL

kHz Hz Volt

180

2 1

0,3

3 40 80 400 4

Filter Ch 1-2

BUTTON OUT !

LEVEL HP filt HPx20

Volt Hz 80-400 Hz

1,6-8 kHz

180

2 1

400

0,3 80

BUTTON IN!

LP filt LP filt HP filt LEVEL

kHz Hz Volts

0,3-4 kHz

INPUT CONNECTORS

4(R) 3(L) 2(R) 1(L)

LEVEL HP filt HP

Volt Hz x20

In this example ch 1-2 plays from 400 Hz and up.

Ch 3-4 plays between

100 - 400 Hz.

LINE OUT FROM CAR STEREO.

AUTOMATIC INTERNAL TRANS-

FER TO CH 3-4 & 5.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - SPEAKER BOXES

WHY DO WE NEED SPEAKER BOXES?

A Hi-Fi speaker for home use is always mounted in a box to reproduce the best possible sound.

Traditional mounting in cars are in a door side or in the hat rack, this is a simple baffle mounting. You can of course achieve a better sound in your car by using suitable speaker boxes.

In a correct adapted box the sound is improved and the power handling capacity increases.

If you have a subwoofer in your trunk and a pair of

"open air"- mounted speakers in the hat-rack the air pumping from the sub will effect the hat-rack speakers and make the cones move a little ruining the sound from them. This is one of many good reasons to use boxes also in your car.

Normally we use boxes for the subwoofer but also the rest of the speakers sounds better mounted in a suitable box.

We will now describe the different types of boxes normally used in a car.

SPEAKER BOXES, GENERAL

Build your boxes in a stable and air-tight material.

The best is MDF-board, 19 mm, or particle board,

22 mm. Larger boxes must have braces inside to avoid resonance. The box must be completely airtight. Use sealing compound in all joints, also in the hole for the cable. The size of the box are decided by the speaker data, but also the car type and music have an influence on the box size. Deep bass demands larger boxes than disco music.

VENTED BOXES

A speaker in a vented box has higher efficiency (3 dB) and higher power handling capacity than in a sealed box. In a vented box the sound from the speaker and the port work together creating a higher sound level. The sound from the port must come out in the same phase as from the speaker otherwise the sound result is real bad.

The size of the box are decided by the speaker data just as in the sealed box. Also the car type and music type have an influence on the box size.

Often the size of the car decides the practical size of the box. A smaller box has a higher resonant frequency than the larger one. The size of the box should not be so large that the speaker plays below it´s own free air resonance (Fs), then it looses in power handling capacity.

The port in a vented box should be mounted on the same side of the box as the speaker. But sometimes this is impossible. The port opening inside the box must have a free area behind the port, to the wall behind, of at least the port diameter. There must also be a free area in front of the port. A large sub needs a larger port to avoid whistling sounds. Use ports with conical openings to avoid this. The port must also be fastened properly to avoid rattle.

As port material 3" or 4" PVC tubes are normally used. In a correct tuned box you should be able to feel the air pumping out from the port. At high volumes the air can blow out a burning match, if not the box and port are mismatched.

SEALED BOXES

Sealed boxes are easy to build. The size is not critical, but it can´t be too small. The speaker data such as

Fs, Qts, Vas and X-max decides the size of the box.

Large speakers need larger boxes. Two speakers need a box of the double size etc. The box must be completely air-tight. Sealed boxes are normally used for door-panels or kick-panels. Most 4", 5,25" and

6,5" speakers can be used in sealed boxes.

A sealed box should be filled with acoustic wool up to 75 - 100%.

A sealed box has a lower efficiency than vented boxes but they can handle high power and are easy to build.

A subwoofer in a sealed box creates a tight bass suitable for the audiophiles listening to classical music, jazz and soft rock.

DLS subwoofers can be used in vented boxes as well as in sealed boxes.

The port does not have to be fully inside the box as long as the area and length are correct. for example you can mount the port through a hat-rack. In a small box this can have an effect on the box tuning since the volume changes, avoid such small boxes.

Suitable port diameters for different speaker sizes:

10"

4 - 8 cm

6 - 10 cm

12"

15"

8 - 15 cm

10 - 15 cm

Sometimes you need two or more ports in a box.

You can convert from one to two or more ports as long as the total port area is the same.

All DLS subwoofers works well in vented boxes.

If you use a 30-40 Hz subsonic highpass filter on the line input of your amplifier you will achieve a tight and well-defined bass in your bass-box. ( All GENE-

SIS series 3 amplifiers as well as the DLS amplifiers have a built-in subsonic filter.)

PORT LENGTH CALCULATION

The following formula can be used:

L(cm) =17914 x

d 2

Fc 2 x Vb

L = port length in cm d = inner diameter of port in cm

Vb = net volume of the box in liter

Fc = Box resonant frequency in Hz

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK SPEAKER BOXES

BANDPASS BOXES

In all bandpass boxes the speakers are hidden inside the box, all sound is coming out through the ports. There are different types of bandpass boxes and they have in common that they are a bit more difficult to build.

BOX DESCRIPTION

Mechanical orders for speaker boxes:

1:th order

Speaker in free air. Not in practical use, the speaker is acoustically shortened.

2:nd order

Speaker mounted on a baffle, normally called

"open air".

This is not a box, just a way of mounting the speaker. For example in a hat-rack or behind the rear seat. Can create a good sound with the correct speaker parameters. The speaker should have a low resonant frequency.

3:rd order

Speaker mounted in a sealed box.

A sealed box is easy to build and calculate. It also has a high power handling capacity. On the other hand it has low efficiency and the box must be rather big to create a deep bass. With a rather small box and a 20-40 Hz subsonic filter you will get a box suitable for hard rock with a fast attack in the bass.

4:th order

Speaker mounted in a vented box, often called bass reflex box.

A vented box has a higher efficiency and a higher power handling capacity than the sealed box - but only if it´s correctly calculated with a suitable speaker element. Suitable for all kinds of music.

The power handling capacity below the F-3db point is rather weak. It is important that the ports are correctly tuned, they must not be too small, then whistling sounds can occcour. With a wrong port the sound from the ports comes out phase reversed and causes a blurred sound.

5:th order

Speaker mounted in a sealed box, playing into a vented box.

This type of box can play one octave only, but it has a high power capacity and gives a 3-5 dB raise at it´s tuned frequency. Suitable for disco and hard-rock music. Difficult to build and calculate and you can´t have speaker cloth in front of the ports.

6:th order

Speaker mounted in a vented box where both the speaker and the port is playing into another ported box.

This box is also difficult to calculate and build. Plays 2 octaves and gives a natural cut-off for higher frequencis with 12 dB/oct.

which reduces the audible distortion. It has a high efficiency and power handling capacity. Low F-3dB and a top at the tuned frquencies. Small ports gives a whistling sound and you can´t have speaker cloth in front of the port. Build as isobaric it creates a powerful and distinct deep bass.

SPEAKER CONSTRUCTION suspension chassie voice coil magnet speaker cone dust cap spider pole plates

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - SPEAKER BOXES

7:th order bandpass box

Speaker mounted in a vented box playing into another vented box. All ports going out.

What is valid for 6:th order boxes is also valid for 7:th order boxes. The difference is that this box gives a 6 - 10 dB peak at the tuned frequencies.

8:th order bandpass box

Speaker mounted in a vented box playing into another vented box with all ports playing into a third vented box.

This type of box becomes rather large but the port openings can be covered with cloth. It has like the 6:th and 7:th order boxes high efficiency and power handling capacity. It also gives a 6 - 10 dB peak at the tuned frequencies.

3-chamber bandpass boxes

Both 5:th order boxes and 7:th order boxes can be built as 3-chamber boxes with two speakers playing into a ported chamber. The picture shows a 5:th order 3-chamber box. In a 7:th order 3chamber box all chambers have ports.

ISOBARIC BOXES

Two speakers mounted on the same axis and operating in the same phase and direction (push and pull).

All box types can be built isobaric giving the following advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages: Reduced box volume with the same F-3 dB

Higher efficiency

Lower distortion

Disadvantages: Difficult to build and calculate

The speaker specifications changes (Qts and

Vas)

Isobaric-connection:

Isobaric speakers are connected with the inner sub in phase with the outer, but phase reversed as in the drawing below.

If both are in boxes the one in the smallest box should be phase reversed.

+

+ -

Speakers in parallel

-

+

-

+

-

+ +

-

Speakers in series

-

4:th order isobaric box

7:th order isobaric bandpass box

Use DLS BP-75 and BP-110 conical ports to avoid noice from the ports.

SPEAKER LOADS

Most car audio speakers have a 4 ohm impedance.

DLS amplifiers can be loaded down to 2 ohm on each stereo channel.

In mono bridge mode operation the speaker load must never be less than 4 ohm. If you are using more than one driver they must be connected in a way so the impedance still is 4 ohm when connected to the amplifier. When you run the amplifier in mono bridge mode it sees a 4 ohm load as 2 ohm. On page 4 you find different speaker wiring examples.

Don´t forget that the output power from a multimode connected amplifier is more than double the normal power. The speakers must be able to handle this power.

SPEAKER CONNECTION

Always use high quality speaker cables such as DLS

SC 2x1,5, SC 2x2,5 or SC 2x4. Subwoofer connection requires 2 x 4 mm 2 cable.

Connect the speaker + (marked with + or a red dot) to the amplifier + terminal, and the speaker - to the amplifier -.

When fitting the cables to the amplifier terminals, remove only 10 mm of the insulation. Twist the wire strand together and insert the wire after loosening the terminal screw. Do not over tighten as this can cut the cable strands.

If you want an extra high class speaker cable choose any of the DLS SCP, SCK, SC 4x1 or SC 4x1,5 cables.

Two speakers in parallel

+ +

2 ohm

-

Only for stereo mode, not bridge mode.

-

Two speakers in series.

8 ohm

+ +

-

We don´t recommend this connection.

-

Four speakers in series/parallel to 4 ohm.

+ + +

4 ohm

Each speaker is 4 ohm

-

Three speakers in parallel

1,3 ohm

-

Each speaker is 4 ohm

-

Only for Five Channel monokanal & Monoblock

SPEAKER POLARITY CHECK.

All speakers in a car audio system should be connected in phase (the same polarity). All speaker cones must move in the same direction. Out of phase speakers will cause a lack of bass, and a poor stereo soundstage.

Checking polarity:

Hold the - connection of the speaker wire to the - terminal of a 1,5 Volt flashlight battery. Tap the + wire on to the + terminal of the battery, and obser ve the movement of the cone. The cone should move outwards when the wire touches the battery, and inwards when the battery is removed. If it is the other way around, the speaker has been connected backwards and it must be removed and connected correctly.

If your system also has a subwoofer connected through a passive 6 or 12 dB crossover, try to connect this with various polarity and judge what sounds best.

The phase shift in passive crossovers sometimes makes it necessary to change polarity.

+

Batteri

1,5 Volt

+

-

NOTE! You cant test tweeters in this way.

DLS Z-MATCH

If you have problems to match your speaker impedance to your amplifier we recommend the use of an impedance matching transformer.

DLS ZM1 is such a product. It´s a transformer with different taps. By connecting it in different ways you will get different impedance ratios.

For example it´s possible to connect four 4 ohm subs in series to 16 ohms, and still get a 4 ohm load on the amplifier.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE

Installing car sound can sometimes cause problems. If you are not satisfied with the sound you could have made something wrong.

Some typical problems are described below with hints for solving them.

3. Problem: "Rumble" bass sound.

- The box tuning is too low, make the F-3dB higher

with a smaller box.

1. Problem: Poor bass reproduction despite of a correctly designed bass box.

- Connect a subsonic high-pass filter, 30 - 50 Hz, in

series with the amplifier input.

- Start with phase reversing the subwoofer to see if

this helps.

- Use vented or sealed boxes. Avoid band-pass

boxes, they are more difficult to build, and if

theyare incorrectly designed they create a rumble

bass sound.

- If you are using more than one subwoofer make

sure they are connected in the same phase

(polarity), if not most bass sound disappears.

(The speaker cones are moving but will not create

bass sound).

4. Problem: Poor bass reproduction in a system without separate subwoofer.

- If the bass reproduction is improved when

opening the doors of your car the box is too large,

The F-3dB point is too low. Make the box smaller.

- Is normally caused by incorrect speaker phasing.

Make sure all woofer elements in the system are

connected with the same polarity (phasing). Both

front and rear speakers.

This is easiest made with the use of a 1,5 Volt

battery. Connect the battery + to the speaker +

cable, and the - to the speaker - cable. All spea

ker cones must move outwards when the battery

is connected.

- Standing waves can "kill" some frequencies. Try

to change place for the box. You can also try to

make the bass port shorter, this will increase the

box resonant frequency.

In some cases the area under the dashboard can

work as a wave trap killing some low frequencies.

Try to fill this area and tighten it.

5. Problem: Interference sound from the alternator in systems with a separate amplifier.

- Also check the signal cable. If yuor subwoofer is

connected in mono bridge mode and one of the

leads are broken in a signal cable the sound

becomes real bad.

- Is normally caused by incorrect grounding. Try to

connect all units to the same ground point. It

should be a place close to the amplifier where the

paint is removed from the metal surface.

- You must also have enough power, especially if

you have a small sealed enclosure the power

output should be at least 200 Watts RMS.

- Poor shielding on the signal cables, or a

defective cable.

2. Problem: The real "kick" lacks in the bass sound.

- The signal cable is placed close to the cars own

cable wiring inducing interference into the signal

cable.

- The box is not correctly build, or the box is not air

tight.

- Any extra cable must not be laid in a ring, shorten

the cable or lay it in zig-zag instead.

- The sub amplifier does not get enough power, the

power cables are too small, the ground

connection bad, or some other things that is

causing voltage drop at high power outputs.

A cheap amplifier with unsufficient capacity in the

DC-converter can give the same result.

A good car battery with low inner resistance

(OPTIMA) or a Power Cap of 0,5 Farad or more

connected to the power lead will also improve the

bass reproduction.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - SPEAKER BOXES

BASS BOXES IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CARS

1. SMALL CARS LIKE VW GOLF, OPEL KADETT, PEUGOT 205 AND SIMILAR

In this car type the bass box should be mounted with both speaker and port directed backwards.

Alternatively booth speaker and port can be directed upwards. This way of mounting is valid also for halfcombi car types.

2. SEDAN CARS LIKE VOLVO 240/740/940/850, SAAB 9000 AND SIMILAR

In this car type with the passanger compartment separated from the luggage compartment the bass box should be mounted with booth speaker and por t directed towards the rear seat. In some cars there is an opening in the middle of the rear seat for loading skis etc. You can place the box behind this opening and direct speaker or port through this opening. There must be some free space in front of the port, (between the rear seat and the port opening)

Don´t put the port through the hat rack if the speaker is directed towards the rear seat, this will give a poor sound. Alternatively you can mount both speakers and port in the hat rack with a box under it, but this requires more changes of the car original interior.

3. LARGE CARS, STATION WAGONS LIKE VOLVO 245 / 745 AND SIMILAR.

In this type of cars the best sound is achieved with the bass box mounted behind the rear seat with booth speaker and port directed backwards. Alternatively you can put the bass box on one side of the luggage compartment.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - SPEAKER BOXES

DLS-BOX COMPUTER PROGRAM

A speaker box can be calculated either by hand or with the help of a computer program. DLS-BOX 2000 is a program that easily helps you design your own box to your DLS speakers.

You choose speaker, box type, car-type and music type and the program calculates the correct box volume. The program is developed in cooperation with

Backes ljudbyggeri in Ekerö. "Dr. Backe" has many years of box building experince and assures you that if only the parameters are correct the program will give you the best speaker box.

Read his box building advices below.

Most boxes should be damped inside with syntetic

(acoustic) wool (do not use any rockwool types).

Attach the damping material on the wall opposite from the speaker and port. A sealed box should be filled up to 70-100% with acoustic wool.

In a vented box the speaker and port should be mounted on the same side, otherwise a fade-out of some frequencies can occour. In most car-types, except for SEDAN cars, the speaker and port should be directed backwards for best result.

If you plan not to cover your box with felth cloth or imitation leather you should also tighten behind the speaker element before mounting it in the box. It must be absolutely air-tigth.

If you build an isobaric-box use through screws with nuts and washers to fasten the speakers. Also tighten the screw holes with sealing compound. Be sure to connect the isobaric speaker pair in the correct way.

You can´t use felt cloth or similar in front of the ports, especially in band-pass boxes.

Good luck with your box project!

SOME ADVICES FROM DR. "BACKE"

When building a bass box the following are very important:

The box must be very steady and completely airtight. Use 22 mm particle board or 19 mm MDFboard. The par ticle board has a self resonant frequency of 14 Hz while the MDF has a resonant frequency of approx. 400 Hz. Its important to stabilize the box inside with some braces, especially the boxes made of MDF could cause "PLONK"-sounds if it´s not sufficiently braced.

If you are using a milling machine its better to use

MDF-board since particle board wears the cutter edge. After cutting all pieces to the box you attach glue in all joints and screws every 10 cm. Use more screws if the edge cutting isn´t perfect.

The length of the screws should be a little more than double the board thickness. Tighten all joints with extra silicon sealing compound.

If you build a bandpass box let one side be removable to make it easier to change speaker.

Use sealing strips in the joint. The length of the screws should be 3 times the board thickness. Mount them

6 cm apart.

Use conical bass ports for best result. (DLS BP-75 or BP-110).

If the ports are too long for the box you can add a bend to it. Either cut the tube and glue it together in angle, or use factory made tube bends.

It´s easier to use the factory made ones. The total length must be the same as for a straight tube. Make the measure in the center of the tube.

The port opening inside the box must not be closer to a box wall than the ports own diameter. Otherwise it will have negative effects on the airflow.

BOX EXAMPLES

On the following pages you will find examples on suitable boxes for DLS speakers and subwoofers.

If you follow the advices in this handbook we are sure you achieve a good car sound.

Good luck !

If you have any questions you are always welcome to call us on DLS in Sweden. We will do our best to assist you.

Telephone: +46 31 84 00 60

Fax:

E-mail:

+46 31 84 40 21 [email protected]

Download the DLS-BOX 2000 from our WEB-site www.dls.se or www.audiophiles.nu

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - BASS BOXES

BASS BOXES FOR OLDER SUBS

Some bass box examples for older DLS subwoofers

SUBWOOFER ENCLOSURES

FOR NEW MODELS

SPEAKER & CAR TYPE: STATION

TYPE OF BOX: SEDAN/SMALL WAGON

DLS 5508:

Music: Normal

Vented box

Port

23 liters

3" x 22 cm

DLS 5508A:

Music: Normal

Vented box

Port

20 liters

3" x 22 cm

DLS 5310 / 5510:

Music: Normal

Sealed box

Vented box

35 liters

Port, vented box 3" x 14 cm

DLS 5310A:

Music: Normal

Vented box

Port

DLS 5310B:

Music: Normal

Vented box

Port

DLS 5512A:

Music: Normal

Vented box

Port

DLS 5612:

Music: Normal

Vented box

Port

DLS 5615:

Music: Normal

Vented box

Port

37 liters

3" x 9 cm

39 liters

3" x 12 cm

68 liters

4" x 10 cm

54 liters

4" x 13 cm

81 liters

4" x 16 cm

26 liters

3" x 21 cm

23 liters

3" x 21 cm

41 liters

39 liters

3" x 14 cm

43 liters

3" x 8 cm

45 liters

3" x 11 cm

78 liters

4" x 9 cm

63 liters

4" x 12 cm

93 liters

4" x 15 cm

On the following pages you will find suitable enclosure volumes for all DLS subwoofers. You find actual models as well as models no longer in production.

All vloumes and ports are calculated by the use of

DLS-box 2000. In all calculations are both the displacement for the speaker driver and the port included in the given volume. You don´t have to add any volume to the size given in the examples. The easiest way to calculate the box volume is just to take the height x width x depth in dm, and the result of this calculation is the volume in liters. But it must be the inside measures of the box.

The examples shown is for sealed and vented boxes including one subwoofer. For other examples we recommend the use of DLS-box 2000. It can be downloaded free from our web-site www.dls.se.

If you have any older type of DLS subwoofer, please contact us and we will help you calculate a suitable box.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - BASS BOX EXAMPLES

W 108 / 108C

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol port

Sedan vol

Hardrock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass liter

26 cm

20 liter

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port cm

23 liter

19 cm

22 liter

19 cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

W 110 / 110C

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan port vol cm liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal 32

Deep bass 36

Combi type port vol cm liter port cm

Station wagon vol liter port cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

W 112 / 112C

Basreflexlåda

The port length in all examples is for a

4” (110 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol port

Sedan vol

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass liter

52 cm

21 liter

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port cm

25 liter

39 cm

24 liter

40 cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - BASS BOX EXAMPLES

W 108B

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol

Hard rock liter

16 port cm

Sedan vol

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port liter cm

16 26 liter

17 cm

25 liter

18 cm

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol vol liter liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

17 17

19 20

W 110B

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan Combi type Station wagon port vol cm liter port cm vol liter port cm vol liter port cm

Hard rock

Disco

Normal 35

Deep bass 39

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol vol liter liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

28 30

32 34

W 112B

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

4” (110 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol

Hard rock liter

39 port cm

Sedan vol

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port liter cm

39 25 liter

42 cm

25 liter

44 cm

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol vol liter liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

41 43

43 49

ULTIMATE UW10

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol

Hard rock liter

20 port cm

Sedan vol

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port liter cm

19 23 liter

21 cm

22 liter

22 cm

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol vol liter liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

20 21

23 45

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - BASS BOX EXAMPLES

W 310

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan port vol cm liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Combi type port vol cm liter port cm

Station wagon vol liter port cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

24 25

27 29

W 312

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

4” (110 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol port

Sedan vol

Hard rock

Disco

Normal liter

Deep bass 52 cm

25 liter

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port cm

28 liter

43 cm

27 liter

45 cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

37 39

42 44

W 310B

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan port vol cm liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Combi type port vol cm liter port cm

Station wagon vol liter port cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

19 20

22 24

W 312B

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

4” (110 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol port

Sedan vol

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass liter

50 cm

28 liter

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port cm

33 liter

37 cm

32 liter

38 cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

35 37

40 42

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - BASS BOX EXAMPLES

W 510C

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan Combi type Station wagon port vol cm liter port cm vol liter port cm vol liter port cm

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol vol liter liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

23 25

27 28

W 512C

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

4” (110 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol

Hard rock liter

35 port cm

Sedan vol

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port liter cm

34 21 liter

37 cm

21 liter

39 cm

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol vol liter liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

36 38

41 43

DLS X12

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol port

Sedan vol

Hard rock liter

26 cm

19 liter

26 port cm

Combi type vol liter

28 port cm

Station wagon vol liter

29 port cm

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol vol liter liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

28 29

31 33

A 4 ” port would be to prefer, but the port length is 30-40 cm, so we use a 3” port in the example above.

Below is examples with a 4" port.

DLS X12

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

4” (110 mm) outer diameter.

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan Combi type Station wagon port vol cm liter port cm vol liter port cm vol liter port cm

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - BASS BOX EXAMPLES

W 610

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan port vol cm liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Combi type port vol cm liter port cm

Station wagon vol liter port cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

19 20

22 23

W 612

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol port

Sedan vol

Hard rock

Disco

Normal liter

Deep bass 39 cm

19 liter

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port cm

21 liter

32 cm

21 liter

33 cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hardrock

Disco

27 28

31 33

A 4 ” port would be better, but the port length is 40-50 cm, so we use a 3” port in these examples.

W 710

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan port vol cm liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Combi type port vol cm liter port cm

Station wagon vol liter port cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

19 20

22 23

W 712

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol port

Sedan vol

Hardrock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass liter

40 cm

19 liter

Combi type port vol port

Station wagon vol port cm

22 liter

28 cm

22 liter

29 cm

Car type: Small Sedan Combi Station car type wagon

Music type: vol liter vol liter

vol

liter

vol

liter

Hard rock

Disco

27 29

32 33

A 4 ” port would be better, but the port length is 40-50 cm, so we use a 3” port in these examples.

DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - BASS BOX EXAMPLES

MW 10

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan Combi type Station wagon port vol cm liter port cm vol liter port cm vol liter port cm

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Biltyp:

Musiktyp:

Hard rock

Disco

Golf Sedan Halv- Kombi

kombi volym volym volym volym liter liter liter liter

16 17

19 20

MW 12

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol port

Sedan vol liter

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass 37 cm

18 liter

36 port cm

Combi type vol liter

39 port cm

Station wagon vol liter

42 port cm

Biltyp:

Musiktyp:

Hard rock

Disco

A 4 ” port would be better, but the port length is 40-50 cm, so we use a 3” port in these examples.

Golf Sedan Halv- Kombi

kombi volym volym volym volym liter liter liter liter

25 27

29 31

MW 110

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan Combi type Station wagon port vol cm liter port cm vol liter port cm vol liter port cm

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Biltyp:

Musiktyp:

Hard rock

Disco

Golf Sedan Halv- Kombi

kombi volym volym volym volym liter liter liter liter

17 18

20 21

MW 112

Vented box

The port length in all examples is for a

3” (75 mm) outer diameter.

Sealed box

Suitable for hard rock and disco music

Car type: Small car

Music type: vol liter

Sedan Combi type Station wagon port vol cm liter port cm vol liter port cm vol liter port cm

Hard rock

Disco

Normal

Deep bass

Biltyp:

Musiktyp:

Hard rock

Disco

A 4 ” port would be better, but the port length is 40-50 cm, so we use a 3” port in these examples.

Golf Sedan Halv- Kombi

kombi volym volym volym volym liter liter liter liter

25 26

29 30

SOME USEFUL TABLES

TABLE 1:

Shows the relation between power increase and

SPL measured 1 mtr in front of the speaker at three different speaker sensitivities.

Input power (W) 1 2 3 4 5

SPL in dB

10 15 20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k

Speaker sens88

itivity in dB 95

91 dB

98 dB

101 dB

95 dB

102 dB

105 dB

100 dB

107 dB

110 dB

105 dB

112 dB

115 dB

110 dB 115 dB

117 dB 122 dB

120 dB 125 dB

120 db 125 dB

127 dB

130 dB

A speaker with a sensitivity of 88 dB gives a SPL of 88 dB with an input of 1 Watt. If the input power is increased to 2 Watts the SPL will be 91 dB etc. Duoble power will increase the SPL with 3 dB.

TABLE 2:

Shows how the inner resistance (impedance) of a coil changes in relation to the frequency.

Frequency in Hz

25 50 75 100 120 200 400 800 1k 1,2k 2k 4k 8k 10k 12k

0,05

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,5

Resistance in ohm

1,3 2,5 3,1 3,8

1,3 2,5 5,0 6,3 7,5

1,3 1,5 2,5 5,0 10,0 12,6 15,1

1,5 1,9 2,3 3,8 7,5 15,1 18,8 22,6

1,3 2,5 3,1 3,8 6,3 12,6 25,1 31,4 37,7

1,3 2,5 5,0 6,3 7,5 12,6 25,1 50,2 62,8 75,4

1,2 1,5 2,5 5,0 10,0 12,6 15,1 25,1 50,2 100,0

1,4 1,9 2,3 3,8 7,5 15,1 18,8 22,6 37,7 62,8

1,6 2,4 3,1 3,8 6,3 12,6 25,1 31,4 37,7 62,8

1,6 3,1 4,7 6,3 7,5 12,6 25,1 50,2 62,8 75,4

3,1 6,3 9,4 12,6 15,1 25,1 50,2

For example a coil with 10 mH inductance, often used as lowpass filter for subwoofers, has an inner resistance (impedance) of 1,6 ohms at 25 Hz increasing to 6,3 ohms at 100 Hz, and 62,8 ohms at 1 kHz.

TABLE 3:

Shows how the inner resistance (impedance) of a capacitor changes in relation to the frequency.

100

150

220

330

2,2

3,3

4,7

6,8

0,22 60

0,33 40

0,47 28

0,68 19

12 10 8 6 4 3 2 1 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 120 80 60

F kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz

120

113

117

100

120

Resistance in ohm

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Reklama

SOUND HANDBOOK

2000

Hints and advices for car sound builders using

DLS / GENESIS amplifiers and DLS speakers

CONTENTS:

Page

1

2 - 3

4

5 - 7

Introduction

Formulas and facts

Speaker facts

Amplifier data

8 - 10 Passive crossover filters

11 The cables

12 - 15 Installation

16 - 22 Amplifier wiring examples

23 - 29 Speaker boxes

30 - 36 Bass boxes for DLS subwoofers

37 Some useful tables

DLS Svenska AB

P.O. Box 13029, SE-402 51 Göteborg, Sweden

Tel. +46 31 84 00 60

Fax +46 31 84 40 21

E-mail: [email protected]

www.dls.se / www.audiophiles.nu

INTRODUCTION

DLS SOUND PHILOSOPHY

AMPLIFIER CLASSES

CLASS A - IN A NEW WAY

DLS AMPLIFIER PHILOSOPHY

FORMULAS

MEASURE CONVERSION

CONVERSION GAUGE - mm

SPEAKER TERMS

DECIBEL - dB

CONNECTING RESISTORS

CONNECTION OF CAPACITORS

PARAMETERS DLS SPEAKERS

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS GENESIS AMPLIFIERS, series 3.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS GENESIS AMPLIFIERS, series 2

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONES OF DLS AMPLIFIERS

MODEL DS 100/Reference 100 DQ 200/Reference 200

CROSSOVER FILTERS

CROSSOVER EXAMPLES:

PASSIVE 6 dB LOW-PASS

PASSIVE 6 dB HIGH-PASS

PASSIVE 12 dB LOW-PASS

PASSIVE 12 dB HIGH-PASS

COMPONENT VALUES FOR 12 dB PASSIVE CROSSOVERS

THE CABLES - AN IMPORTANT LINK

SKIN-EFFECT AND INDUCTANCE

INSTALLATION

SPEAKER INSTALLATION

DLS / GENESIS IN MULTIMODE

MULTIMODE CONNECTION

AMPLIFIER WIRING EXAMPLES

Example 1.

Basic wiring with one or two speaker pairs.

Example 2.

System with a front system and a multimode connected subwoofer.

Example 3.

System with a front and a rear system, and a multimode connected sub.

Example 4.

System with a 4-channel amplifier, front and rear system and subwoofer.

Example 5:

System with separate amplifiers for front and rear system with fader.

Separate amplifier for the subwoofers.

Example 6:

System with separate amplifiers, one for the front system and one for the subwoofers. The rear system is fed directly from the car stereo.

Example 7:

System with a 4-channel amplifier, front and rear system, subwoofers and a center channel speaker.

Example 9:

System with P-300X, 5-channel amplifier with a front 2-way system with active crossover and a subwoofer.

Example 10:

System with P-300X, front system, "rear fill", and a subwoofer.

Example 11:

System with P-300X. Front system connected in bridge mode to ch. 1 -

4. subwoofer to ch 5.