Radio PC Card Configuration. LXE MX2
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Radio PC Card Configuration 29
Radio PC Card Configuration
Introduction
Note: LXE will pre-install radio cards and drivers on MX2 RF units before delivery. These instructions are included for those users who may need to reinstall radio drivers and reconfigure radio parameters.
After installing the radio card, you must configure the MX2 to use the card. Please refer to the appropriate section for your radio card in the remainder of this section.
Note: Symbol FHSS radios are obsolete (6/2005).
Note: The information and programs in this section only pertain to LXE’s 2.4GHz system radios. They do not work with LXE’s 900MHz system radios.
Change the radio parameters by editing the NET.CFG file in the PCTCP directory. This can be done with any ASCII text editor or NED. The NET.CFG file is the configuration file used by the radio card’s ODI driver. The NET.CFG file determines the wireless network name, the workstation name and other information regarding the wireless system.
2.4GHz radio parameters cannot be changed using LXE’s terminal emulation (TE) configuration utilities.
The Sockets software package provides an interface to all of the TCP/IP parameters. Parameter configuration is performed by editing the file SOCKET.CFG.
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30 Radio PC Card Configuration
NET.CFG Parameters
Lucent Parameters
The following is a list of parameters that can be modified in the NET.CFG file for computers with
Lucent 2.4GHz radios. For additional information about the parameters in this file see the
WVLAN43.CFG file located in the PCTCP directory. To set the TCP/IP parameters see the
SOCKET.CFG
file documentation.
Link Support
Parameter used to define resources for the LSL.COM file. Any modifications may cause resource conflicts.
Protocol
Instructs TCP/IP stack to bind to radio driver.
WaveLAN_Network_Name
Identifies the WaveLAN network the station will connect to.
Valid: 0 to 32 string of printable uppercase characters
.
Default: ANY
Note: Setting this value to ANY will enable the station to connect to any IEEE 802.11 network.
Note: The string for WaveLAN_Network_Name is case-sensitive. The WaveLAN DOS ODI driver requires the use of only UPPERCASE characters. If you have configured the
Access Points with lower-case names you will need to change your Access Point
WaveLAN_Network_Name parameter to UPPERCASE characters for proper operation.
Or, place double quotes around the WaveLAN_Network_Name to allow proper operation with upper and lower case letters e.g. "NameofUnit".
Station_Name
Identifies the stations on the network. This parameter is used when performing diagnostic tests.
Valid: 0 to 32 string of printable characters.
Default: station_name
AP_Distance
Controls the roaming sensitivity of your computer. This parameter must be set according to the settings of the WavePOINT-II access points.
Valid: 1=Low
2=Medium
3=High
Default: 1
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Microwave_Robustness
This option should only be used when troubleshooting slow performance of the network that could be related to in-band interference from microwave ovens.
Use this option when experiencing recurrent “bursts” of in-band interference exhibited by specific units where the unit (or the access point) is close to a microwave oven or a microwave oven is located in the signal path between the unit and the access point. The radio will try to retransmit the
“lost messages”. When retransmission fails again, the radio in Auto Transmit Rate Select
Mechanism mode will attempt to retransmit the message again at a lower data speed. (See
Transmit_Rate)
Selecting “Y” will enable fragmentation of data frames when the automatic transmit rate selection switches to a lower transmit rate. Fragmentation will avoid increased vulnerability due to longer frame lengths of transmissions at lower data speeds.
Valid: Y=Yes, N=No
Default: N
Transmit_Rate
Controls the data rate the WaveLAN card will use. Supported rates depend on the card. If the card does not support the selected rate, the default value of 3 is selected automatically.
Low
2=Fixed Standard
3=Auto Rate Select (High)
4=Fixed Medium
5=Fixed High
6=Auto Rate Select (Standard)
7=Auto Rate Select (Medium)
Default: 3
Medium_Reservation
Enables RTS/CTS communications. Sets the frame length threshold that determines when the station should start using RTS/CTS.
Valid: 0-2347
Default: 2347
Note: The use of Medium Reservation is recommended in network environments where the density of the WaveLAN stations and WavePOINT-II access points is very low, and where there is poor network performance due to excessive frame collisions at the
WavePOINT-II access points.
Card_Power_Management
Configures the power management used by the station in an ESS. The recommended mode is
Enhanced Power Management (EPM) for hand held computers. In this mode, the station switches between Power Save Mode (PSM) and Continuous Active Mode (CAM), based on activity. Any frame transfer switches the station to CAM. Inactivity for 100ms switches the station to PSM.
For hand held computers, the default is EPM.
Valid: 0=CAM
1=EPM
2=PSM
Default: 1
(No power savings)
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Maximum_Sleep_Duration
Configures the maximum amount of time the radio will stay in Sleep mode.
Valid:
Default:
1-65535
100 (10 seconds)
Receive_All_Multicasts
Configures whether this station will receive Multicast packets.
Valid: Y=Yes or N=No
Default: N
Enable_Encryption
Configures whether this station will receive/send encrypted data traffic. When “Y” is chosen, the unit will be able to receive both non-encrypted data and messages encrypted with one of the listed
WEP encryption key values (see Transmit_Key_ID).
If encryption is enabled (Y) while the card does not support WEP, an error is reported.
Valid: Y=Yes or N=No
Default: N
Transmit_Key_ID
If you enable WEP encryption, you can select one key for wireless data transmissions from the list of WEP Encryption Key Values.
Key1 abcde
Key2 0x123456789a
Key3 abcdefghijkl2
Key4 0x112233445566778899AABBCCDD
Valid: 1-4
Default: 1
Format: Transmit_Key_ID
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Proxim Parameters
The following is a list of parameters that can be modified in the NET.CFG file. To set the TCP/IP parameters see the
SOCKET.CFG
file documentation.
Link Support
Parameter used to define resources for the LSL.COM file. Any modifications may cause resource conflicts.
Protocol
Instructs TCP/IP stack to bind to radio driver.
Int
Sets the interrupt (IRQ) line to be used. MX2 specific setting is int 3.
Default: 3
Port
Sets the I/O port address. Use 300 for the MX2.
Default: 0x300
Mem#1 (ODI)
Memory_address sets the resource memory location (0xC000 to 0xE800). Upper memory blocks from 0xA000 to 0xCFFF are used by MX2 system software.
Default: c100
Domain
Station_type
Sets the status of the PC card as a master (2), alternate master (1), or nonmaster (0) station.
Valid: 0, 1, 2
Default: 0
Socket
Sets the network domain. It can be any number from 0 through 15 and must match the domain of the server or access point to which you want to connect.
Valid: 0 through 15
Default: 0
Sets the PCMCIA socket (A, B, C, or D) that has the PC card installed. The MX2 always uses socket A for PC cards.
Valid: A, B, C D
Default: A
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Initialize_365
Determines whether to initialize the Intel 82365SL PCMCIA controller chip. The MX2 does not contain this chip, so this parameter must be set to N.
Valid: Y, N
Default: N
Inactivity_min
Sets the number of minutes of inactivity before the PC card goes to sleep. To minimize draw on the vehicle battery, set this to 0.
Valid: 0 through 20 minutes
Default: 0
Inactivity_sec
Sets the number of seconds of inactivity before the PC card goes to sleep. Valid settings are 0 through 55 (values above 5 are rounded to the nearest multiple of 5). To maximize battery life, set this as low as possible, preferably to 1.
Valid: 0 through 55 seconds
Default: 1
Channel
Sets the channel to be used when the PC card is acting as the master.
Valid: 1 through 15
Default: 1
Subchannel
Sets the subchannel to be used when the PC card is acting as the master.
Valid: 1 through 15
Default: 1
Mac_optimize
Optimizes the PC card for the number of concurrent modes.
Valid: 0 (light) or 1 (normal)
Default: 1
Roam_config
Sets the roaming speed.
Valid: 0 (slow), 1 (normal) or 2 (fast)
Default: 1
Peer_to_peer
Sets the ability of the PC card to talk to other peers.
Valid: N (off) or Y (on)
Default: N
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Cisco Paramete
r
s
The following is a list of parameters that can be modified in the NET.CFG file. To set the TCP/IP parameters see the
SOCKET.CFG
file documentation.
Link Support
Parameter used to define resources for the LSL.COM file. Any modifications may cause resource conflicts.
Protocol
Instructs TCP/IP stack to bind to radio driver.
SSID
Identifies the 802.11B wireless network the station will connect to.
Default: “”
Note: Setting this value to “” will enable the station to connect to any IEEE 802.11b network.
FragThreshold
Packet size to start fragmenting.
Default: FragThreshold 2312
RTSThreshold
Packet size to start sending RTS/CTS.
Default: RTSThreshold 2312
DataRateX
To set a data rate other than 11 MB default uncomment rate desired and all data rates less than that rate. Example to set for 5.5MB data rate uncomment the DataRate1, DataRate2 and
DataRate3.
1 Mbps supported data bit rate
DataRate1 0x02
2 Mbps supported data bit rate
DataRate2 0x04
5.5 Mbps supported data bit rate
DataRate3 0x0B
11 Mbps supported data bit rate
DataRate4 0x16
RefreshInterval
Inactivity time to check association with AP
RefreshInterval 10000
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PowerSaveMode
PowerSaveMode "FASTPSP"
Fast Power Save Mode
MaxPowerSave
Maximum power save mode
MaxPowerSave "ON"
NodeName
Descriptive station name
NodeName " "
WEP enable
To enable WEP uncomment the following line and set the key with the wepdos.exe utility (Cisco
340 radios only) authtype "wepopen"
Set WEP key in radio before wepopen using the WEPDOS program in the PCTCP directory.
Diversity
PortBase – IRQ – Memory -
Socket
The adapter needs 32 16-bit I/O ports, and 1 non-sharable IRQ. Any commented lines are managed PCMCIA card & socket services and should not be changed or uncommented.
PortBase 100
;IRQ 5
Memory C0000
;Socket 0
BusType
PCMCIA interface is used on all LXE DOS computers.
BusType "PCMCIA"
Frame
The diversity parameter must be set according to the number of antennas for each computer.
MX2 computers = 1 antenna, right port.
Diversity ”on”
Diversity “left”
Diversity “right” for 2 antennas for 1 antenna left port for 1 antenna right port
Frame type of wired and wireless network.
(Default) Frame ETHERNET_II
Frame ETHERNET_802.3
Frame ETHERNET_802.2
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Cisco 350 Radio Only
The following lines appear in the NET.CFG file for the Cisco 350 radio.
LEAP
WorldMode
“OFF” ;LEAP authentication (OFF -or- ON)
“OFF” ;World mode (OFF -or- ON)
ShortPreamble 0 ;PLCP short preamble (0=auto, 1=long, 2=short)
LEAP
Used to set LEAP (Light Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication on LXE computers equipped with Cisco 350 series radios.
Valid: OFF or ON
Default: OFF
Note: This parameter is valid for Cisco 350 series radios only.
WorldMode
Allows the radio to adopt the maximum transmit power level and frequency range of the access point to which it is associated (available only in infrastructure mode).
Valid: OFF or ON
Default OFF
Note: This parameter is valid for Cisco 350 series radios only.
ShortPreamble
This parameter allows the radio to use short radio headers (or preambles). Short radio headers improve throughput performance. Long radio headers ensure compatibility if a client or access point does not support short radio headers.
Valid: 0=auto
1=long
2=short
Default: 0
Note: This parameter is valid for Cisco 350 series radios only.
AWCLEAP
AWCLEAP is a DOS utility used to set the LEAP (Light Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication. The SETLEAP.BAT file runs the AWCLEAP utility. To set LEAP, type
setleap <username> <password>
at the c:\pctcp prompt.
The CLEAR.BAT utility is used to clear the LEAP username and password. To clear LEAP, type
clear
at the c:\pctcp prompt.
The SETLEAP.BAT batch file is used to run the AWCLEAP utility.
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WEPDOS
WEPDOS utility is used to program the WEP key into the Cisco radios. Once the key value and key number to be used is set the authtype parameter in NET.CFG file must be modified. To set the key type
wepdos
at the c:\pctcp prompt.
Syntax
WEPDOS [-ascii|-hex] [-key#|-home] key ;set a key
WEPDOS [-key#|-home] –clear ;clear a key
WEPDOS [-tx#] ;select transmit key index
WEPDOS [-d] ;display settings
Where
key
is a 5 character ASCII string
key
is a 10 character hex-digit number
WEP128 allows 5 or 13 character ASCII, and 10 or 26 hex-digit keys
-key#
is default key index 1, 2, 3 or 4
-home
selects the home key for use with home access points
-tx#
selects the transmit key index 1, 2, 3 or 4 (enterprise networking)
Standard Options
-p[iobase] io base address (hex) [380]
-b[membase memory base address (hex) [D000] request (decimal) [10]
-s[slot]
-365
Default: slot number (decimal) [0]
82365 startup of card no startup, IO:380, MEM:D000:0, IRQ:10, SLOT:0
Examples
To check WEP key on a LXE computer the correct syntax to type at c:\ prompt wepdos -365 -p100 -bc000 -d
To set key for use type wepdos -365 -hex -key# <10 or 26 byte key> -tx# -d
WEPDOS supports up to 4 keys. As an example of setting key number 1 to abcdefghijklm for use in transmitting type: wepdos -365 -p100 -bc000 -key1 -tx1 -ascii abcdefghijklm –d
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Symbol Parameters
The following is a list of parameters that can be modified in the NET.CFG file. To set the TCP/IP parameters see the
SOCKET.CFG
file documentation.
Link Support
Parameter used to define resources for the LSL.COM file. Any modifications may cause resource conflicts.
Protocol
Instructs TCP/IP stack to bind to radio driver.
ESS_ID
Identifies the 802.11B wireless network the station will connect to. The ESS_ID is a string of 1 to
31 case sensitive characters. Spaces may be included by using quotes.
Default: “LXE”
mode
IO mode required if using card and socket services.
Default: IO
ioaddress
Sets the I/O address location.
Default: 340
memory
Sets the resource memory location.
Default: C000 (2MB radio) C900 (11MB radio)
interrupt
Sets the interrupt (IRQ) line to be used.
Default: 3 (2MB radio) 5 (11MB radio)
performance_index
Configures whether the Symbol 4121 series radio will perform power management.
Valid: 0=CAM Constant Awake Mode
1=Power Management On
Default: 1
Auth_type
This parameter is used to enable and manage the 802.11 WEP encryption. The radio card will only associate with APs that support the same Auth_type.
Valid: “Open_System” or “Shared_Key”
Default: “Open_System”
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Encrypt_Key#
Updates the first, second, third or fourth encryption key, according to the value of #.
For Symbol FHSS radio cards, the key consists of 5 pairs of hex digits (0-9, a-f, A-F) in a string.
For Symbol 4121 series radio cards, use 5 pairs of hex digits for 40 bit encryption. Use 13 pairs of hex digits for 128 bit encryption.
encrypt_enable
Enables encryption on Symbol 4121 series radios.
Valid: yes or no
Default: yes
Note: This parameter was removed from the Symbol NET.CFG file by LXE effective November
2003.
Encrypt_Key_ID
The key ID indicates which key the adapter is to use for encrypting packets.
Valid: 1 to 4
Default: 1
Note: This parameter is valid for Symbol FHSS radios only.
Encrypt_Enable_Index
Previously named
encrypt_key_index.
This parameter indicates which key the adapter is to use for encrypting packets for transmission. Zero means No Encryption (i.e. turn encryption off), and numbers 1 through 4 mean turn encryption on and use the specified key (i.e. key #1, key #2, key
#3 or key #4). The key to be used to decrypt packets being received is contained in the received packet.
Valid:
Default:
0,1,2,3,4
0 (No Encryption)
Note: This parameter is valid for Symbol 4121 series radios only.
diversity
Set diversity to “both” for two antennas and “A” for one antenna. MX2=A
Default: both
Tx_rate
Use this parameter to specify that rates at which the radio is allowed to operate. If no rates are specified, the radio will use all available rates.
1
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
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SOCKETS TCP/IP Stack
Introduction
SOCKET.CFG sets the options for SOCKETP.EXE. The section XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX is for this machines IP. The net mask is specified as part of the IP address. In the IP address command an optional /net_bits can be used to indicate the number of bits in the network ID.
Net Bits
8
16
24
Net Mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
Class
A
B
C
IP address range
0.x.x.x to 127.x.x.x
128.x.x.x to 191.x.x.x
192.x.x.x or higher
The network can be subdivided by two for every net bit added.
Net
Bits
Net
Mask
Net
Bits
Net
Mask
1 128 5 248
2 192 6 252
3 224 7 254
4 240 8 255
Bootp
BOOTP is a UDP/IP based protocol that provides a means to assign an IP address to a booting host dynamically and without user supervision. BOOTP can also supply the net mask, host name, and address of a domain name server. One obvious advantage of this procedure is the centralized management of network addresses, which eliminates the need for per-host unique configuration files. Sockets implements the BOOTP client whenever it is started with no (or the 0.0.0.0) IP address supplied.
DHCP
DHCP is a UDP/IP based protocol that provides a means to assign the IP address dynamically to a booting host and without user supervision. It can also supply the net mask, host name, address of a domain name server, and other parameters. An advantage of this procedure is the centralized management of network addresses, which eliminates the need for per-host unique configuration files. Sockets implements the DHCP client whenever it is started with the 0.0.0.1 IP address supplied. All LAN interfaces specified when this IP address is in use will attempt to use DHCP to resolve the IP address, the subnet mask, hostname, default router and DNS server(s).
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Setting SOCKETS.CFG Parameters
Set IP Address
To enable DHCP set the IP address to 0.0.0.1
IP address XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/16 where
XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX is the IP address
16 indicates the number of bits in the network ID
Set ARP INIT
Controls whether a DHCP ARP is sent when booting up.
ARP INIT GRAT
Using this option makes the stack behave the same as before. The stack does not send a DHCP
ARP when booting up (In this mode, the ARP contains the MAC and IP addresses in the sender’s field). This option is the default.
ARP INIT DHCP
Using this option sends a DHCP ARP on boot up (the sender’s IP address field is zero filled).
Set Interface
For all radios except Symbol DS 11MB
Interface sets the physical interfaces
Interface pdr if0 dix 1500 10 0x69 where pdr = packet driver if0 = interface_card dix = frame type
1500 = MTU
10 = Buffers
0x69 = ioaddr
For Symbol DS 11MB radios
Interface sets the physical interfaces
Interface pdr if0 dix 1400 10 0x69 where pdr = packet driver if0 = interface_card dix = frame type
1400 = MTU
10 = Buffers
0x69 = ioaddr
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Set Router IP (Gateway only)
When using a gateway (IP router) to the rest of the world, replace “XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX” with your gateway ip and remove the # at the beginning of the line.
# route add default if0 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
Set Domain Name Server
When using a domain name server (DNS), replace XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX with the IP address of the DNS, and remove the # at the beginning of the line.
# domain server XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
Display IP Address
Redisplay IP information when SOCKET.CFG runs.
IP address
Options
For all radios except Symbol DS 11MB
Refer to documentation to change. ip ttl 15 tcp mss 1460 tcp window 2920 tcp retry 8 tcp irtt 500ms
For Symbol DS 11MB radios
Refer to documentation to change. ip ttl 64 tcp mss 1360 tcp window 2920 tcp retry 8 tcp irtt 500ms
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SOCKET.CFG Parameters domain
If a host name is not a decimal (dotted) address and it is not found in the HOSTS file and at least one Domain Name Server has been defined, an attempt is made to obtain the address from the defined DNS server(s). The number of times any server is polled (retries), in addition to the time to wait for a response, can also be specified. A suffix may be specified and is attached to all names not containing any dots.
All of the following sub-commands can be issued without the optional parameters to obtain information on the current status.
Syntax
domain server [host_name] domain retry [retry_count] domain time [wait_time] domain suffix [domain]
domain server
adds a DNS address or lists the current servers if host_name not specified.
domain retry
specifies the retry count for polling each server. domain retry lists the retry count if retry_count not specified.
domain time
specifies or lists the time (milliseconds) to wait for a response before attempting retry.
domain time
lists the time (milliseconds) to wait if wait_time not specified.
domain suffix
specifies the domain suffix to add to all simple names; names that contains no dots.
domain suffix
lists the domain suffix if domain is not specified.
Example
domain retry 3 domain server 196.2.1.1 domain suffix myorg.co.za domain time 2000
iface
iface is a synonym for the interface command.
interface
interface informs Sockets of the hardware or software communications interface(s) to be used at the network interface level. At least one network interface is required, and two or more are used in gateway (router) applications.
The class or mode of each interface defines the encapsulation used for packaging the data frame into the transport frame. Some types of interface support only one class.
When using more than one interface, Sockets assigns the previous given IP address in the .CFG file to this interface and uses its net mask to add a route to that net through this interface. Using the same IP address would result in multiple routes to the same network. The default route is set on the first interface with an IP address with a zero net mask (for example, IP address
100.100.100.100/0).
Each interface statement uses the IP address from the last supplied IP address statement.
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Syntax (general)
interface type name class other parameters
Syntax (specific)
interface pdr name dix mtu numbuf intvec [irq] interface asy name [slip | cslip | ppp] mtu buflim ioaddr iovec speed [modemfile]
Parameters
Type
Type
defines the type of hardware or software interface. interface supports the following software interfaces.
Interface Description
Asy Standard PC asynchronous interface (RS232 port)
Pdr
name
packet driver interface
name
defines the name by which the interface is known on the local host.
name
is a symbolic name known only to the local host on which it is used.
name
may be arbitrarily assigned. Each interface command on the same host must have a unique name assigned. This name is used by commands such as route, trace, param, and so on.
class
class
specifies how IP datagrams are to be encapsulated in the link level protocol of the interface.
Some interfaces offer a choice between classes while others use a fixed class. The following classes are available and are listed with their associated types.
Type Class (defined in the following list)
Pdr dix, ieee, token, driver, slip
Asy raw, slip, cslip, ppp
Class Description
Dix The DEC/Intel/Xerox Ethernet interface also known as Blue Book Ethernet or Ethernet II.
Token IBM Token Ring. Source routing is supported for multiple rings.
Ieee IEEE: 802.3 Ethernet with SNAP headers.
Driver Use the default class for the packet driver.
Slip Serial Link Internet Protocol (SLIP) for point-to-point asynchronous links.
This mode is compatible with UNIX SLIP.
Cslip Compressed Serial Link Internet Protocol (SLIP) for faster reaction over
Ppp point-to-point synchronous links.
Point-to-point protocol over asynchronous links.
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mtu
mtu
specifies the Maximum Transmission Unit size, in bytes. Datagrams larger than this limit are fragmented into smaller pieces at the IP layer. The maximum value of
mtu
for the various interfaces is:
Ethernet - 1500
For serial links a standard value for
mtu
is 576. (576 is the maximum according to specifications, but may be increased on reliable connections as long as both sides use the same value.)
numbuf
numbuf
specifies how many incoming datagrams may be queued on the receive queue at one time.
If this limit is exceeded, further received datagrams are discarded. This mechanism is used to prevent fast interfaces from filling up memory when data cannot be handled fast enough.
buflim
buflim
specifies the maximum number of outgoing datagrams or packets to queue before starting to discard datagrams. This mechanism is used to prevent the memory from filling up when a serial link goes down.
bufsize
bufsize
specifies the size of the ring buffer in bytes to be allocated to the receiver in raw mode.
intvec
intvec
specifies the software interrupt number (vector) in hexadecimal to use for resident packet drivers.
ioaddr
ioaddr
is the I/O base address in hexadecimal of a serial port or the hardware controller and must correspond with the jumper or switch settings used during the setup of the controller board. The standard values for serial ports are:
COM1 03F8h
COM2 02F8h
COM3 03E8h
COM4 02E8h
iovec
iovec
is the hardware interrupt vector used by the serial port or controller and must correspond with the jumper or switch settings used during setup of the controller. The standard values for serial ports are:
COM1 4
COM2 3
COM3 4
COM4 3
irq
irq
is the hardware interrupt vector used by the network interface controller. This is only used for faster response in Sockets.
modemfile
A file containing the modem commands and scripts.
speed
speed
specifies the transmission speed for serial interface devices (baud rate). Before using a serial connection you have to set flow control with the param command.
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Examples
interface pdr if0 dix 1500 5 0x60 interface asy ser0 cslip 576 15 0x3f8 4 9600 interface asy p0 ppp 1500 30 0x3f8 4 9600 pppmod.mod
ip
47 ip displays or sets the values of the options selected when defining the IP (internet protocol) host address of the next interface to be defined.
Syntax
ip address [hostid [/net_bits] ] ip status ip ttl [number]
ip address
sets the IP host address of the next interface to be defined. A route is automatically added to each interface for the default or specified net mask for its address. To make an automatic route the default, specify the net bits as zero. When specified without the optional parameters, ip address displays the current value(s) of the local host IP address(es). To assign different IP addresses to different interfaces on the same host, an ip address statement must precede each interface definition. The last IP address given is used in case of missing ip address statements.
ip status
displays Internet Protocol (IP) statistics, such as total packet counts and error counters of various types. It also displays statistics on the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). This includes the number of ICMP messages of each type sent or received.
ip ttl
sets the default time-to-live value which is placed in each outgoing IP datagram. The ttl value limits the number of gateway hops the datagram is allowed to take in order to kill datagrams that got stuck in loops.
Parameters
hostid
hostid
specifies the IP host address to assign to the next interface to be defined. This may be a symbolic name from the HOSTS file, or a dotted decimal address.
/net_bits
A net mask can be specified for the host. In the ip address command an optional
/net_bits
can be used to indicate the number of bits in the network ID. The net mask is used to determine whether an incoming datagram is a broadcast and also for sending UDP broadcasts.
Net masks are more easily represented in binary or hexadecimal format. For example, the IP address 128.1.1.5/24 corresponds to a net mask of 255.255.255.0 (FFFFFF00h),
25 bits to 255.255.255.128 (FFFFFF80h) and 26 bits to 255.255.255.192 (FFF FFC0h).
The default net mask used corresponds to the class of address used if not explicitly specified.
Net Bits Net Mask Class IP address range
8 255.0.0.0 A 0.x.x.x to 127.x.x.x
16 255.255.0.0 B 128.x.x.x to 191.x.x.x
24 255.255.255.0 C and higher 192.x.x.x or higher
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param
Radio PC Card Configuration
If you want to subdivide your network, you can divide it by two for every net bit added. The following table provides information on converting between net bits and net mask. The number of net bits to add when changing a 0 in the net mask to:
Net Bits Net Mask Net Bits Net Mask
1 128 5 248
2 192 6 252
3 224 7 254
4 240 8 255
number
When
number
is omitted,
ip ttl
displays the current value of the time to live parameter. param invokes a device-specific control routine. When executed without parameters, param displays defined interface names and device-specific flags. param operates differently for each interface type and even interface mode. In many cases it is used to interrogate the status of an interface. The ifstat and param commands perform similar and, in some cases, exactly the same function.
Syntax
param ifname [arg1...argn]
Parameters
ifname
ifname
defines the name used in the interface command for the device to be controlled.
arg1...argn
These parameters depend on the type of interface in use.
Example
To display current serial link settings and restart the statistics on it, use: param sl0 clear
param, Alternative Routing Control Sub-commands
The Alternative Routing Control Sub-commands set up and check the Sockets alternative route mechanism. More than one route can be specified to a target host or network. The first route which has an associated interface in the up state is used.
An interface is in the up state when it is defined by the interface command. It enters the query state when it does not receive valid input within a specified up-time period after sending data expecting a response. At this stage three (catering for links with a high data loss) ICMP echo requests (ping) are sent to a query IP address. It enters the down state by a Sockets command or when it does not receive valid input within the specified up-time period after entering the query state. If an up-time has never been specified or a value of 0 is specified, the interface will stay in the up state whether valid input is received or not.
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An interface enters the up state by a Sockets command or when valid input is received on that interface when in the down or query states. An ICMP echo request is sent on an interface in the down state every down-time period. If a down-time has never been specified or a value of 0 is specified, the ICMP echo request will not be sent. Up-time and down-time is specified in seconds.
Syntax
param ifname [ uptime | downtime ] time param ifname query hostname
Example Alternative Routing
Two X.25 interfaces are used to get to the target network 192.6.1.0. The first interface, named if0 should preferably be used, but if it stops receiving for a period of 20 seconds, it should try to ping
192.6.1.2 and if no response is received within another 20 seconds, if1 should take over, but if0 should be tried every five seconds. Interface if1 should disconnect after 80 seconds of no traffic.
The SOCKET.CFG file should contain the following: interface x25 if0 ... ... ... param if0 uptime 20 param if0 downtime 5 param if0 query 192.6.1.2 interface x25 if1 ... ... ... param if1 uptime 80 param if1 downtime 5 param if1 query 192.6.1.2 route add 192.6.1.0 if0 route add 192.6.1.0 if1
In the case of both if0 and if1 failing, both are tried every five seconds until one comes up. The return paths should also be maintained in a similar way with Sockets or by using RIP.
param, RIP Advertising Sub-command for Interfaces
When the rip advertise command has been used, this param sub-command makes allowance to disable and re-enable RIP advertising on a specific interface.
Syntax
param ifname [ ripadv | noripadv ]
Examples
param if0 noripadv param if1 ripadv
route
route creates an entry in the IP routing table for Sockets to determine where to send data. The
Alternative Routing mechanism allows more than one route to be specified to a particular host or network. Failure of one route causes an automatic switch to the next route.
Refer also to the ip address command for specifying the net mask, because a route is automatically added to each interface for the default or specified net mask for that address. When multiple routes are defined to the same address, Sockets uses the route with the network size (largest number of bits in the net mask).
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Syntax (general)
route [ add | drop destination ifname [gateid |none [ metric [proxy]
[private] [static] ] ] ]
Syntax (specific)
route add [ hostid | netid ] ifname [gateid] route add [ hostid | netid[/mask] ] ifname [gateid] route add default ifname route drop [ hostid | netid ] route drop [ hostid | netid[/mask] ] route drop default
Parameters
add or drop
Sub-command to add or drop (remove) a route from the routing table.
default
All transmissions to IP addresses not otherwise defined in routing commands are sent via the network interface specified by
ifnam
e.
hostid
hostid
is the IP address of a destination remote host to which data must be sent, or a remote host which must be removed from the routing table (dropped).
netid
netid
is the IP address of a destination network to which data must be sent. Any host with this IP network address is able to receive the data. Whether a particular host will use the data depends on the host portion of the specific IP address in the IP header.
mask
mask
specifies the number of bits in the network portion of the address if sub-netting is used. If not used, the network portion of the address is determined according to the class (A, B or C) of the address.
ifname
ifname
defines the name used in the interface command for the immediate network on which the data for the designated host must be sent. This is the network level interface to be used by the local host to reach the remote host.
gateid
gateid
parameter specifies the IP address of a host, on the same physical network as the local host, which is used as a gateway or router to a different network. The gateway or router host specified in
gateid
must be directly reachable on the same physical network as the local host defining this gateway. In other words, this must be the nearest gateway to this local host.
metric
When using RIP or Proxy ARP a value from 0 to 16 for
metric
must be specified indicating the distance or cost of that route. A
metric
of 16 indicates that the route is down.
proxy, private and static
To support the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) the route command utilizes the proxy, private and static key words. These words can be used in any order following
metri
c.
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Radio PC Card Configuration 51
Proxy ARP should be used with care and not in conjunction with RIP. When more than one host responds to an ARP request, it can cause confusion and even lead to system crashes. This is possible in situations where more than one gateway implements Proxy ARP to a common destination.
When “RIP advertising” is selected, all interfaces advertise all routes except those routes making use of that specific interface (split horizon) and routes marked private. A route which is dropped as a result of a RIP update or which becomes unavailable as a result if its associated interface going into the down state, is immediately advertised as being infinite (metric = 16) and is not advertised until it becomes available again. In order for an interface to be used for advertising, a route without a gateway using that interface must be available. The advertisement is sent as a subnet broadcast using the net mask of the host and the IP address of the interface.
When “RIP using” is selected, routes are updated according to received RIP advertisements.
Routes added or amended as a result of RIP, have a timeout associated with them. If another RIP advertisement is not received during that time, the route is dropped. A route is also dropped if an advertisement of infinity (metric = 16) is received. To prevent dropping a route, it must be marked as static. The metric of a route marked static is never updated by a RIP advertisement. Instead a duplicate route is added before the static route. If the duplicate route is dropped as a result of a timeout or RIP, the static route is used again.
Examples
route add default ipx0 route add unix_net eth0 route add unix_host ipx1 unx_gate route add unix_net2 eth0 /eth 1 route add unix_ net ipx0 unx_ gate route add subnet/26 eth0 sub_gw route drop unix_net route can specify a Proxy ARP on a route, as follows: route add net interface gateway metric [proxy]
When using Proxy ARP, gateway and metric must be specified. If no gateway is used, none can be specified. For example: route add 192.6.1.0 ifx25 none 5 proxy
tcp
tcp commands display or set various TCP operating parameters. The TCP configuration commands are put into SOCKETS.CFG.
Syntax
tcp irtt [time] tcp lport [port_number] tcp mss [size] tcp retry [number] tcp rtt [time] tcp smss [size] tcp timemax [time] tcp window [size]
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Parameters
time
time
is the new time value in seconds, or milliseconds if “ms” is appended to the number, as in
2000ms.
port_number
port_number
is the local port starting number.
size
For tcp mss,
size
is the maximum segment size in bytes sent on all outgoing TCP connect requests
(SYN segments).
size
tells the remote host the size of the largest segment that may be received by this host. When changing the MSS value, any existing connections remain unchanged.
For tcp smss,
size
is the send maximum segment size in bytes sent on all outgoing TCP connect requests. This limits the size of the largest segment that may be sent by this host. When changing the SMSS value, any existing connections remain unchanged.
For tcp window,
size
is the size of the receive window in bytes for any new TCP connections.
Existing connections are unaffected.
number
number
is the number of retries attempted without receiving an acknowledge from the remote host before the connection is broken. If the value exceeds 255, it implies an infinite number of retries; such a connection does not time-out. The default value for
number
is 6.
tcp irtt Sub-command
tcp irtt displays or sets the initial round-trip-time estimate. When specified without an argument, the command displays the current values of TCP parameters including the initial round-trip-time in milliseconds.
time
is the initial round-trip-time (IRTT) estimate and is used for new TCP connections until the actual value can be measured and adapted to. By increasing this value when operating over slow communication links, unnecessary retransmissions that otherwise occur before the smoothed estimate value approaches the correct value are minimized. The system default is 5000 milliseconds.
To affect incoming connections, tcp irtt should be executed before the servers are started.
Example
tcp irtt 120
Sample Output
TCP: IRTT 5 ms Retry 6 MSS 1460 SMSS 1460 Window 2920
tcp lport Sub-command
tcp lport specifies the local port starting number. When specified without a number the current value of the next free local port number is displayed.
Example
tcp lport 2004
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Radio PC Card Configuration 53
Sample output
Lport = 2004
tcp mss Sub-command
tcp mss displays or sets the TCP maximum segment size in bytes. When size is not specified, the current values of the TCP parameters, including the maximum segment size, are displayed. It is recommended to reduce the MSS and SMSS on bad network connections.
Example
tcp mss 1460
tcp retry Sub-command
tcp retry displays or sets the retry count before a connection is broken. When specified without the number parameter, tcp retry displays the current values of TCP parameters, including the retry count.
tcp rtt sub-command
tcp rtt replaces the automatically computed round-trip time (RTT) for the specified con nection with the time in milliseconds. Sockets calculates the RTT as a smooth average of past measured RTTs, starting with the IRTT on a new connection.
To get the current RTT in use for a connection n, use the tcp status n command that will give the smoothed average RTT indicated by SRTT.
Because tcp rtt provides a manual override of the normal back-off retransmission timing mechanisms, it may be used to speed up recovery from a series of lost packets.
Example
tcp rtt 4 100
tcp smss sub-command
tcp mss displays or sets the TCP send maximum segment size in bytes. When size is not specified, the current values of the TCP parameters, including the SMSS, are displayed.
A small SMSS causes the remote to reduce its segment size. tcp mss can reduce the MSS and
SMS
S on bad network connections with high loss rates or where large packets get lost.
Example
tcp smss 512
tcp window sub-command
tcp window displays or sets the default and maximum receive window size.
When specified without the size parameter the current TCP parameters, including the current window size, are displayed.
Example
tcp window 2920
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tcp timemax sub-command
tcp timemax sets the maximum duration of a tcp retry. If a value greater than 255 seconds is specified, connections will never timeout.
This is very useful in wireless applications where nodes roam in and out of service.
Example
tcp timemax 2000ms
MX2 Reference Guide E-EQ-MX2RG-L-ARC

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