- Industrial & lab equipment
- Electrical equipment & supplies
- Osram
- HQI-E 150 W/NDL CL
- Datasheet
- 56 Pages
Introduction. Osram HQI-E 150 W/NDL CL
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4
1 Introduction
Metal halide lamps offer a number of advantages that favor their use in ever broader areas of application.
These include high luminous efficacy, a long service life and good colour rendering. Because the light is generated in a small space, the discharge lamps almost correspond to a spot light source, with advantages in terms of light control and brilliance of the illumination.
Table 1: The properties of metal halide lamps and resulting application areas
High room, building
Requirements in the application
Property of metal halide lamps
The height requires a lot of light
High luminous fl ux permits few fi xtures light points
Changing lamps is diffi cult and expensive
Long service life with longer change intervals
X
X
Long operating hours
High effi cacy and long service life
X
Realistic reproduction of high value surfaces, pictures, products and TV images
Good colour rendering
High illuminance values
High luminous fl ux permits few fi xtures light points
Luminaires should be small or discreet
High mounting heights and wide spacing demand precise light control
Small dimensions permit compact luminaires
Small arc tubes permit very good light control
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
The means of generating light is technically complicated. The key principles regarding the operation of these lamps and instructions for their use are listed below.
These application instructions address a large number of users, such as luminaire designers, lighting planning engineers, operating device developers and retailers.
Naturally, not all users will find all sections relevant, but the aim has been to cover the interests of as many users as possible.
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Table of contents
- 4 Introduction
- 5 How a metal halide lamp works
- 6 2.1 Quartz discharge tube
- 6 2.2 Ceramic discharge tube (PCA = polycrystalline alumina)
- 6 2.2.1 1st generation: cylindrical form
- 8 Ballasts for discharge lamps
- 8 3.1 Inductive ballasts (chokes)
- 9 3.1.1 American circuits for ballasts
- 10 3.1.2 Variation in supply voltage for adapted inductance
- 11 3.1.3 Influence of deviations in supply voltage
- 11 3.1.4 Capacitor for power factor correction
- 12 3.2 Electronic control gear (ECG)
- 12 3.2.1 Structure and functioning of an electronic ballast
- 13 3.2.2 Service life and temperature
- 13 3.2.3 Advantages of operation with electronic ballast POWERTRONIC PTi
- 15 3.3 Influence of harmonic waves and corresponding filters
- 16 3.4 Brief voltage interruptions
- 17 3.5 Stroboscopic effect and flicker
- 19 Igniting and starting discharge lamps
- 19 4.1 External ignition units
- 19 4.1.1 Parallel ignition unit
- 19 4.1.2 Semi-parallel ignition unit
- 20 4.1.3 Superimposed ignitor
- 20 4.2 Warm re-ignition
- 20 4.3 Hot re-ignition
- 20 4.4 Ignition at low ignition voltage (Penning effect)
- 20 4.5 Ignition at low ambient temperatures
- 21 4.6 Cable capacitance
- 21 4.7 Start-up behavior of metal halide lamps
- 23 Reducing the wattage of high intensity discharge lamps
- 23 5.1 Introduction
- 23 5.2 Wattage reduction techniques
- 23 5.2.1 Reducing the supply voltage
- 24 5.2.2 Phase control: leading edge, trailing edge
- 24 5.2.3 Increasing choke impedance or decreasing lamp current
- 24 5.2.4 Change in frequency for high-frequency mode
- 25 5.3 Recommendations for reducing the wattage in discharge lamps
- 25 5.3.1 Metal halide lamps
- 25 5.3.2 Dimming for other discharge lamps
- 26 6 Lamp service life, aging and failure behavior
- 26 6.1 Lamp service life and aging behavior
- 26 6.2 Storage of metal halide lamps
- 26 6.3 Failure mechanisms of metal halide lamps
- 27 6.3.1 Leaking arc tube
- 27 6.3.2 Increase in re-ignition peak
- 28 6.3.3 Broken lead or broken weld
- 28 6.3.4 Leaking outer bulb
- 28 6.3.5 Lamps that do not ignite
- 29 6.3.6 Breakage or differing wear of the electrodes
- 29 6.3.7 Scaling of the base / socket
- 29 6.3.8 Bursting of the lamp
- 29 6.3.9 Rectifying effect
- 31 6.3.10 Conclusions
- 32 Luminaire design and planning of lighting systems
- 32 7.1 Measuring temperatures, ambient temperature
- 32 and pinches in metal halide lamps
- 32 7.1.2 2 Measurement with thermocouple
- 33 7.1.3 Measuring points for thermocouples in different lamp types
- 36 7.2 Influence of ambient temperature on ballasts and luminaires
- 36 7.3 Lamp holder
- 37 7.4 Leads to luminaires
- 37 7.5 Maintenance of lighting systems with metal halide lamps
- 39 7.6 Standards and directives for discharge lamps
- 39 7.6.1 Standards
- 41 7.6.2 Directives
- 41 7.6.3 Certificates
- 42 7.7 Radio interference
- 42 7.8 RoHS conformity
- 42 7.9 Optical design of reflectors
- 42 7.9.1 Condensation on the lamp
- 42 7.9.2 Projection of the condensate
- 43 7.9.3 Back reflection on the lamp
- 43 Light and colour
- 44 8.1 Night vision
- 46 8.2 Colour rendering
- 47 8.2.1 Test colours from standard DIN
- 48 8.3 Light and quality of life
- 49 8.4 UV radiation
- 50 8.4.1 Fading effect
- 50 8.4.2 Protective measures to reduce fading
- 51 Disposal of discharge lamps
- 51 9.1 Statutory requirements
- 51 9.2 Collection, transport and disposal of discharge lamps at end-of-life
- 51 9.3 Ordinance on Hazardous Substances
- 52 10 List of abbreviations
- 53 11 Literature