Unit Options. Trane CDHF 1500, CVHE 500, Series S CVHS 300, CenTraVac CVHF 1470 103 Pages Pagine ページ
Below you will find brief product information for CenTraVac CVHF 1470, Series S CVHS 300, CVHE 500, CDHF 1500. These water-cooled liquid chillers offer a range of capacities, from 120 to 3,950 tons, and are designed for high efficiency and reliability. The Trane CenTraVac™ chiller has only one primary moving part—a single rotating shaft supported by two aircraft-turbine-rated bearings. This design minimizes the chance of failure and reduces wear and drag on parts, resulting in more sustainable, reliable, and efficient operation.
advertisement annuncio pubblicitario 広告
Ask Al about Unit Options. Trane CDHF 1500
Chatbot has read manual and is ready to answer your questions.
Unit Options
Trane Starters and Drives
A Wide Array of Low- and Medium-Voltage Starters
Trane starters can be applied to low- or medium-voltage applications. The current draw of the compressor motor determines the size of the starter. The starter size must be greater than, or equal to, the compressor motor current draw.
Table 2.
Trane CenTraVac™ chiller starter and drive choices
Low Voltage (208–600 V)
Remote-Mounted Unit-Mounted
Wye-Delta
• Up to 1,700 amps
Solid-State
• Up to 1,120 amps with disconnect or circuit breaker required
Wye-Delta
• Up to 1,316 amps
• Up to 1,120 amps with disconnect/circuit breaker option
Solid-State
• Up to 1,120 amps with disconnect or circuit breaker required
Adaptive Frequency™
Drive
• 460/480/575/600 V
• Up to 1,360 amps
(460/480 V)
• Up to 1,120 amps
(575/600 V)
Adaptive Frequency
Drive
• Up to 1,210 amps
• Circuit breaker standard
460–480 V
Adaptive Frequency
Drive AFD
3
• Up to 636 amps
• Circuit breaker standard
575–600 V
Medium Voltage (2,300–6,600 V)
Remote-Mounted
Across-the-Line
• Up to 360 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Unit-Mounted
Across-the-Line
• Up to 288 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Medium Voltage
(10,000–13,800 V)
Remote-Mounted
Across-the-Line
• Up to 94 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Primary Reactor
• Up to 360 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Autotransformer
• Up to 360 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Primary Reactor
• Up to 205 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Autotransformer
• Up to 205 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Primary Reactor
• Up to 94 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Autotransformer
• Up to 94 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Adaptive Frequency
Drive
• Up to 250 amps
• Isolation switch, power fuses standard
Overview, Standard and Optional Features
All factory-installed or remote-mounted starters provided by Trane offer the following standard features for safe, efficient application and ease of installation:
Standard Features
•
NEMA 1 starter enclosure.
•
Starter enclosures capable of being padlocked (unit-mounted wye-delta and solid-state starters).
•
120 volt, 60 hertz, 1-phase fused pilot and safety circuits.
•
Control power transformer (4 kVA) producing 120 volt, 50 or 60 hertz, single-phase. This provides auxiliary power for all chiller-mounted devices
1
.
•
Three-phase incoming line terminals.
•
Six output load terminals (three for medium-voltage) factory-connected to the motor.
•
Automatic closed-transition transfer from wye to delta on any two-step starter
(unit-mounted).
•
One pilot relay to initiate start sequence from CenTraVac™ chiller control circuit signal.
CTV-PRC007L-EN
1
Exception: Remote-mounted medium-voltage AFDs.
17
Unit Options
Standard and Optional Features on Trane Starters
Optional Features
•
Ground fault protection.
•
Digital metering devices.
•
Surge protector/lighting arrestor.
•
Standard, high interrupt, and higher interrupt circuit breakers that are mechanically interlocked to disconnect line power when the starter door is open.
•
Special NEMA enclosures.
•
Analog ammeters and voltmeters.
•
Special function pilot lights.
•
Under/over voltage.
Factory-Installed Starters
•
Enhances electrical system reliability.
•
Factory-tested chiller/starter combination.
•
Optimizes control of the CenTraVac™ chiller motor/compressor start and protection subsystem.
•
Factory quality control of the starter-to-chiller electrical connections.
•
Eliminates field-installed disconnect switch (when optional circuit breaker is used).
•
Reduces the number of field electrical connections.
•
Eliminates chiller-to-starter field wiring.
•
Reduces starter installation costs 20 percent to 35 percent.
•
Complete package available with UL, UL/EEV, or UL/California code agency approval.
•
Eliminates starter mounting-pad and required equipment room floor space.
•
Eliminates starter-to-disconnect switch field wiring (when optimal circuit breaker is used).
•
Reduces system design time-starter components and interconnecting wiring are preengineered and selected.
Standard Motor Protection
Three precision current transformers monitor phase current. Contactor position and various voltage signals provide extensive interlocking between the starter and the chiller controller. All logic and subsequent instruction originate in the chiller controller. Protection against the following starter detections is provided:
•
Loss of phase
•
Distribution fault
•
Excessive accelerating time
•
Incomplete starting sequence
•
Phase reversal
•
Improper starter circuitry
•
Phase amperage unbalance
•
High motor current (starting and running)
18 CTV-PRC007L-EN
Figure 6.
Typical equipment room layout: unit-mounted Wye-Delta starter
Line-Side Power Conduit
(Field-Provided)
Unit-Mounted Starter with Circuit Breaker Control Circuit Wire
(Factory-Wired)
Control Panel
Unit Options
CTV-PRC007L-EN
Figure 7.
Typical equipment room layout: conventional remote Wye-Delta starter
Line-Side Power Conduit
Disconnect Switch
Concrete Pad
Wye-Delta
Closed
Transition
Starter
Load-Side Power Conduit
Control Wire
Conduit
Motor Junction Box
Control Panel
19
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Wye (Star)-Delta Starters
One of the most common starters in the industry is the wye (star)-delta. It is an electromechanical starter initially set up in a “wye” or “star” configuration, then it transitions to a “delta” configuration during the starting sequence. This starter type can selected as a unit- or remote-
mounted option as shown in Figure 6, p. 19
and
for a typical view of the wye-delta starter. When starting and during acceleration, the motor is connected in its wye configuration. Because of this arrangement, the voltage applied to the motor windings is reduced to the inverse of the square root of three or 0.58 times line voltage. This reduction in winding voltage results in a reduction in inrush current. The inrush current is 0.33 times the fullvoltage locked rotor current rating of the motor. The accelerating torque of the motor is also reduced to 33 percent the full-voltage torque rating, which is sufficient to fully accelerate the compressor motor. The chiller controller monitors the motor current during operation via current transformers located in the starter enclosure. During acceleration, when the line current drops to approximately 0.85 times rated load current, transition is initiated. The closed transition feature provides for a continuous motor current flow during transition by placing resistors in the circuit momentarily. This prevents the motor from losing phase to the line current during this period. With the completion of transition, the motor windings are connected in the delta configuration with full line voltage.
Additional electrical information is available in CTV-PRB004-EN (Engineering Bulletin: Starters and
Electrical Components for CenTraVac™ Chillers).
Figure 8.
5
1.
Top entry power only
2. 4 kVA Control power transformer
3. Circuit breaker (optional)
4. Transition resistors
5. Power factor correction capacitors (optional)
2 1
3
4
20 CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Solid-State Starters
A solid-state starter controls the starting characteristics of a motor by controlling the voltage to the motor. It does so through the use of SCRs (Silicon Controlled Rectifiers), which are solid-state switching devices, and an integral bypass contactor for power control.
Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR)
An SCR will conduct current in one direction only when a control signal (gate signal) is applied.
Because the solid-state starter is for use on AC (alternating current), two SCRs per phase are connected in parallel, opposing each other so that current may flow in both directions. For threephase loads, a full six-SCR configuration is used.
During starting, control of current or acceleration time is achieved by gating the SCR on at different times within the half-cycle. The gate pulses are originally applied late in the half-cycle and then gradually applied sooner in the half-cycle. If the gate pulse is applied late in the cycle, only a
small increment of the wave form is passed through, and the output is low.
If the gate pulse is applied sooner in the cycle, a greater increment of the wave form is passed through, and the output is increased. So, by controlling the SCRs output voltage, the motor’s acceleration characteristic and current inrush can be controlled.
Integral Bypass Contactors
When the SCRs are fully “phased on,” the integral bypass contactors are energized. The current flow is transferred from the power pole to the contactors. This reduces the energy loss associated with the power pole, which otherwise is about one watt per amp per phase.
When the starter is given the stop command, the bypass contactors are de-energized, which transfers the current flow from the contactors back to the power poles. The SCRs are then turned off, and the current flow stops.
Because the SCRs are turned off during normal operation, the design can be air-cooled and harmonic currents are not an issue.
Additional electrical information is available in CTV-PRB004-EN (Engineering Bulletin: Starters and
Electrical Components for CenTraVac™ Chillers).
Figure 9.
1.
Top entry power only
2. 4 kVA Control power transformer
3. Circuit breaker
4. Intelligent technology (IT) controller
5. Starter control board
6. Potential transformers
3
1
4
2
5
6
CTV-PRC007L-EN 21
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Adaptive Frequency Drive
The Trane Adaptive Frequency™ Drive AFD is a refrigerant-cooled, microprocessor controlled design. The AFD is used in lieu of a constant-speed starter and is currently available for use with
460/480 volts 60 Hz or 380-415 volts 50 Hz line power only. Adaptive Frequency is a trademarked term for the Trane variable-speed drive, using proprietary control logic and made to Trane specifications.
About the Trane AFD
The AFD is unit-mounted and ships completely assembled, wired, and tested from the factory. The
AFD controller is designed to interface with the chiller controller. It adapts to the operating ranges and specific characteristics of the chiller. The optimum chiller efficiency is created by coordinating the compressor-motor speed with the compressor inlet guide vanes. The chiller controller and the
AFD controller work together to maintain the chilled-water setpoint and avoid instability regions like low level surge. If low level surge is detected, the chiller controller's surge-avoidance logic in the chiller controller makes the proper adjustments to move the operating point away from surge.
The reason it is desirable to operate safely near the instability region is because this is where efficiency is maximized.
How it Works
The frequency drive regulates output voltage in proportion to output frequency to maintain ideal motor flux and constant torque-producing capability. Or put simply, a variable-speed drive controls load-side frequency and voltage to adjust the compressor motor speed. The AFD is a voltage source, pulse-width modulated (PWM) design. It consists of three primary power sections as shown in
: the active rectifier, the DC bus, and the inverter.
Figure 10. AFD power sections
22
Rectifier (active).
The rectifier (active) takes incoming AC power, filters it with an LCL filter (not shown), and then converts it to a fixed DC voltage. The insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) active rectifier significantly reduces the amount of line-side harmonic levels and the amount of ripple on the DC bus. No additional line side filters are required to meet IEEE harmonic requirements. This also simplifies the installation and avoids the optional filter efficiency losses.
The active rectifier also has some traditional post-generation filtering capabilities to further smooth out remaining line-side harmonics.
DC bus.
Capacitors store the DC power provided by the rectifier until it is needed by the inverter.
Inverter.
Converts the DC voltage into a synthesized AC output voltage. This synthesized output controls both the voltage and the frequency. The synthesized output waveform consists of a series of pulses, hence the “pulse” in PWM.
CTV-PRC007L-EN
CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Adaptive Frequency Drive
Starting Sequence
Trane AFDs are programmed to start the compressor motor using low frequency and low voltage, thereby minimizing the inrush current. The motor is then brought up to speed by gradually increasing both frequency and voltage at the same time. Thus, current and torque are much lower during startup and motor acceleration than the high current, high torque associated with acrossthe-line or even reduced-voltage starters.
Patented Adaptive Control
A fourth element of AFD design is the microprocessor control logic which is the intelligence for the power section. It also includes all feedback sensors required for stability in the system and any required shutdown due to a fault.
The combination of speed control and inlet guide-vane (IGV) position is optimized mathematically and controlled simultaneously. The microprocessor performance allows the chiller to operate longer at higher efficiencies and with greater stability.
Features
The standard design features for the AFD include:
• NEMA 1, ventilated enclosure with a hinged door, tested to a short circuit current rating (SCCR) of 65,000 amps.
• Padlock-able, door-mounted circuit breaker/shunt trip with an Ampere Interrupting Rating (AIC) rating of 65,000 amps.
• UL/CUL listed as a package.
• Simple, modular construction.
• 460/480/60/3 or 380-415/60/50 Hz input power ±10 percent, with drive overload capability of
100 percent continuous to 150 percent for five seconds.
• Active input rectifier will regulate to a displacement power factor of 0.98 or better at full load and a value of 0.96 at part loads.
• Full motor voltage is applied regardless of the input voltage.
• Motor thermal overload protection 102 percent continuous, 108 percent for 60 seconds,
140 percent for 1.5 seconds.
• Minimum efficiency of 97 percent at rated load and 60 hertz.
• Soft-start, controlled acceleration, coast-to-stop.
• Adjustable frequency from 38 to 60 hertz.
• Control circuit voltages physically and electrically isolated from power circuit voltage.
• 150 percent instantaneous torque available for improved surge control.
• Output line-to-line and line-to-ground short-circuit protection.
• Ground fault protection (UL-listed).
Option
AFD enclosure short circuit current rating SCCR and AIC rating of 100,000 amps available.
23
1
2
4
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Adaptive Frequency Drive
Figure 11. Trane AFD
5
3
1.
Pre-charge contactor
2. Inductor (behind the panel)
3. Adjustable-speed drive
(inverter)
4. Circuit breaker (standard)
5. Active rectifier
6. 3 kVA control-power transformer
6
24
Environmental Specification
• 32°F to 104°F (0°C to 40°C) operating ambient temperature
• Altitude to 3,300 feet (1,000 m), amperage derate of 1 percent per every 300 feet above
3,300 feet
• Humidity, 95 percent non-condensing
Digital Data Display
The following points are digitally displayed at the chiller controller:
• Output speed in hertz
• Output speed in rpm
• Input frequency
• Input/output line voltage
• Input/output kW
• Input/output current
• Average output current in percent RLA
• Load-side power factor
• AFD transistor temperature
• Fault
Harmonic attenuation
Harmonic attenuation is standard on the unit-mounted refrigerant-cooled AFDs and includes:
• Integrated active rectification control of the building AC power assures low line-generated harmonics back to the user’s power grid. This results in less than 5 percent total demand distortion (TDD) as measured at the AFD. This is based on an electrical system with voltage distortion less than 1.5 percent.
CTV-PRC007L-EN
CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Adaptive Frequency Drive
• Active input rectifier will regulate to a displacement power factor of 0.98 or better at full load and a value of 0.96 at part load.
• Full motor voltage is applied regardless of the input voltage.
Note: TDD is a direct affect of variable frequency drives and is a larger and more critical value than the amount of total harmonic distortion (THD). As measured at the AFD, the amount of THD will be less than the TDD.
IEEE 519
It is important to recognize that IEEE 519 as a guideline relates to the entire system, not specifically to any one load or product. IEEE 519 establishes requirements at the point of common coupling
(PCC) where the building connects to the utility system. The standard contains no specific requirements for the internal electrical loads. Even though Trane AFD-equipped chillers will attenuate their own harmonics, other nonlinear loads on the same system could still create harmonic problems. In buildings where harmonics might be a concern, Trane recommends conducting a power-distribution system analysis to determine if there is a need to further attenuate harmonics at the system level.
Application of Drives on Chillers
Certain system characteristics favor installation of an AFD because of energy cost savings and shorter payback. These systems include:
• Condenser water temperature relief (colder than design temperatures)
• Chilled-water reset
• Utilities with high kWh and low kW demand rates
Condenser Water Temperature Relief or Chilled-Water Reset
Compressor lift reduction is required for a AFD chiller application, both to provide stable chiller operation and to achieve greater energy savings. Lift said another way is called relief and assumes colder condenser inlet temperatures over the design entering temperature. Intelligent control to reduce condenser water temperature, or chilled-water reset strategies, are key to AFD savings in chiller system applications. Many believe that AFDs offer better efficiency at part load. The reason this belief exists is because when people review part load data it typically has been run with condenser relief. An AFD can incrementally improve efficiency over a constant speed chiller at any load if you have substantial hours reduced entering condenser temperatures.
High Operating Hours with Relief
Figure 12, p. 26 is based on a 800-ton chiller at 42°F/55°F in the evaporator, and 85°F entering
condenser water temperature, and 2.5 gpm/ton of flow. Three lines are plotted (ECWT at 85°F, 75°F, and 65°F); the y-axis is kW/ton and the x-axis is chiller percent load.
First, note the unloading curve with the 85°F entering condenser water—this would be considered unloading with no relief. Then compare this curve with next two curves showing unloading with relief at 75°F and 65°F, respectively. Note that efficiency improves significantly independent of the chiller load. This is why AFDs are applied when there are significant hours of operation during which the condensing temperature is reduced.
25
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Adaptive Frequency Drive
Figure 12. Unloading curves with AFD chiller and 85°F, 75°F, 65°F ECWT temps
800 Ton Centrifugal Water-Cooled Chiller
1.200
ECWT 85°F
1.100
1.000
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
ECWT 75°F
ECWT 65°F
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Load
High kW Demand Charges
Electric utility bills normally include both peak-based and consumption-based energy components. The demand or distribution charges are still significant portions of the energy bill, even in deregulated markets. These charges are established by usage during utility peak hours, by individual peak usage, or a combination of peak and individual usage. This portion may or may not be influenced by installation of an AFD, because an AFD-equipped chiller draws more power at full load. If the peak chiller load coincides with utility peak hours, then the peak-based portion of the energy bill will increase. The energy or kWh portion will almost certainly be reduced because of the improved efficiency of the chiller plant during part-load and part-lift conditions throughout the year.
The greater the kWh charge, and the smaller demand or distribution charges, the shorter the payback.
Unit-Mounted Adaptive Frequency Drive (AFD
3
)
The Trane AFD
3
is a refrigerant-cooled, microprocessor controlled design. The AFD
3
is used in lieu of a constant-speed starter and is currently available for use with 460 or 480 V on the CVHS chiller and 575 or 600 V on the CTV chiller.
The AFD
3
is a voltage-source, pulse-width modulated (PWM) design. It consists of three primary power sections as shown in
: the diode rectifier, the DC bus, and the inverter.
Rectifier.
Takes incoming AC power and then converts it to a fixed DC voltage using diodes.
DC bus.
Capacitors store the DC power provided by the rectifier until it is needed by the inverter.
Inverter.
Converts the DC voltage into a synthesized AC output voltage. This synthesized output controls both the voltage and the frequency. The synthesized output waveform consists of a series of pulses, hence the “pulse” in PWM.
24-Pulse Transformer.
A true 24-pulse transformer is used to mitigate the harmonic currents.
26 CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Adaptive Frequency Drive (AFD
3
)
Starting sequence
The Trane AFD
3
is programmed to start the compressor motor using low frequency and low voltage, thereby minimizing the inrush current. The motor is then brought up to speed by gradually increasing both frequency and voltage at the same time. Thus, current and torque are much lower during startup and motor acceleration than the high current, high torque associated with acrossthe-line or even reduced-voltage starters.
• The AFD
3
is rated by output current and is limited to a maximum of 100-percent continuous RLA
(rated-load amps) by the Trane chiller unit controller.
A 100 percent output current capability results in 100 percent torque generated by the motor.
Figure 13. AFD
3
power sections
24 Pulse
Transformer
Rectifier
Section
Figure 14. Trane AFD
3
—CTV 575/600 Volt
1
2
3
DC Bus
Inverter
Section
1.
Control power transformer
2. AFD
3
rectifier and inverter
3. Circuit breaker
4. True 24-pulse harmonic filter
4 4
CTV-PRC007L-EN
Features
The standard design features for the AFD
3
include:
• NEMA 1, ventilated enclosure with a hinged door, tested to a short-circuit current rating of
65,000 amps.
• Padlock-able, door-mounted circuit breaker/shunt trip with an AIC rating of 65,000 amps.
• SCCR/AIC rating of 100,000 amps available as a design special; contact your local Trane representative.
• UL/CUL listed as a package.
27
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Adaptive Frequency Drive (AFD
3
)
• Simple, modular construction.
• 460-480/60/3 ±10 percent, with drive overload capability of 100 percent continuous to
150 percent for five seconds (CVHS chillers).
• 575-600/60/3 input power ±10 percent, with drive overload capability of 100 percent continuous to 150 percent for five seconds.
• Motor thermal overload protection 102 percent continuous, 108 percent for 60 seconds,
140 percent for 1.5 seconds.
• Minimum efficiency of 97 percent at rated load and 60 hertz.
• Film-type DC bus capacitors for reliable, extended life.
• Soft-start, controlled acceleration, coast-to-stop.
• Adjustable frequency from 38 to 60 hertz.
• Control circuit voltages physically and electrically isolated from power circuit voltage.
• 150 percent instantaneous torque available for improved surge control.
• Designed for individual component replacements.
• Output line-to-line and line-to-ground short-circuit protection.
• Shore power (external 115V) connection to facilitate start-up commissioning and diagnostic assessments.
• Ground fault protection (UL listed).
Environmental specification
• 32°F to 104°F (0°C to 40°C) operating ambient temperature.
• Altitude to 3,300 feet (1,000 m), amperage derate of 1 percent per 300 feet above 3,300 feet.
• Humidity, 95 percent non-condensing.
Dimensions
Typical dimensions for the unit-mounted AFD
3
are shown in
consult the submittal drawings for as-built dimensions.
Figure 15. AFD
3
dimensions—CTV 575/600 Volt (318 max RLA design)
67.00
71.00
21.00 without doors and covers
24.10 with doors and covers
Note:
Fan enclosures at base of unit add 5.25 inches to height.
28 CTV-PRC007L-EN
CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Adaptive Frequency Drive (AFD
3
)
Figure 16. AFD
3
dimensions—CTV 575/600 Volt (530 and 636 max RLA design)
71.00
80.00
23.00 without doors and covers
26.10 with doors and covers
Note:
Fan enclosures at base of unit add 5.25 inches to height.
Figure 17. AFD
3
dimensions—CVHS
29
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted Adaptive Frequency Drive (AFD
3
)
Motor-AFD mutual protection
The chiller unit-controller capabilities allow the control/configuration interface to, and the retrieval/ display of AFD
3
-related data. AFD
3
standard design features controlled through the Tracer
AdaptiView™ include:
• Current limited to 100 percent.
• Motor overload protection.
• Motor over-temperature protection.
• Phase loss, phase reversal, and phase imbalance protection.
• Undervoltage and overvoltage protection.
• Output speed reference via IPC3 communication bus from the chiller controller to the AFD
3
.
Digital data display
The following points are digitally displayed at the chiller controller:
• Output speed Hertz
• Output speed rpm
• Input frequency
• Average input voltage
• Output voltage
• Average input current
• Output current
• Output current % RLA
• Input/output kw
• Load side power factor
• AFD
3
transistor temperature
Harmonic attenuation
Harmonic attenuation is standard on the unit-mounted refrigerant-cooled AFD
3
and includes:
• True 24-pulse transformer to ensure minimal line-side harmonic currents. This results in less than 5 percent current total demand distortion (TDD) as measured at the AFD
3
. This is based on an electrical system with voltage distortion less than 1.5 percent.
• Active input rectifier will regulate to a displacement power factor of 0.98 or better at full load and a value of 0.96 at part load.
Note: TDD is a direct affect of variable frequency drives and is a larger and more critical value than the amount of total harmonic distortion (THD). As measured at the AFD
3
, the amount of THD will be less than the TDD.
30 CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted AMPGARD Medium-Voltage Starters
The AMPGARD
®
medium-voltage starter family by Eaton Cutler-Hammer
®
, built to Trane specifications, is available as a factory-installed option for use with CenTraVac™ chillers. Trane mounts, wires, and tests 2,300–6,600 volt starters at the factory, so you don’t have to. This reduces, or eliminates altogether, the time, expense, and any added risk associated with having the starter installed and wired at the job site.
AMPGARD reduces starter size to nearly half
Medium-voltage starters have traditionally been freestanding due to their large size and weight.
Not until recent advances in contactor technology and component layout have medium-voltage starters been small enough to make unit-mounting feasible. This way, the starter becomes an integral part of the chiller, saving on equipment floor space.
Across-the-Line (Full Voltage)
An across-the-line starter is the smallest medium-voltage starter option. These starters draw the highest inrush current at startup (100 percent of LRA), and have the shortest acceleration time (3–
5 seconds).
Primary Reactor
Primary reactor type starters have an inrush current draw of 65 percent of LRA at startup. Their acceleration time (3–8 seconds) is slightly higher than an across-the-line starter.
Autotransformer
Autotransformer starters have the lowest inrush current draw of 45 percent of LRA at startup. They have an acceleration time of 3–8 seconds.
Standard Features
•
UL approved
•
Factory installed (unit-mounted only)
•
Non-load-break isolation switch and current limiting fuses
•
NEMA Class E2 fused interrupting ratings
– 200 MVA @3000 V
– 400 MVA @4600 V
– 750 MVA @6600 V
•
Voltage range of 2,300–6,600 volts
•
Types: Across-the-line (full voltage), primary reactor, autotransformer
•
Phase voltage sensors for kW, volts/phase protection, under/overvoltage
•
Eaton Cutler-Hammer
®
AMPGARD
®
, designed and built to Trane specifications
Optional Features
•
IQ150 and IQDP 4130 electrical metering packages
•
Ground fault protection
•
Factory-installed power factor correction capacitors sized specific to the motor, factory-wired and mounted inside the starter
CTV-PRC007L-EN 31
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted AMPGARD Medium-Voltage Starters
Figure 18. Unit-mounted medium-voltage primary reactor or autotransformer
Figure 19. Reduced-voltage section of a unit-mounted starter
Starter by Others
If CenTraVac™ chiller starting equipment is provided by others, the starter must be designed in accordance with the current Trane standard engineering specification “Water-Cooled CenTraVac
Starter Specification.” It is also recommended that two copies of the interconnecting and control circuit wiring diagrams be forwarded to Trane for review. This service is provided at no charge, and is intended to help minimize the possibility that Trane CenTraVac chillers will be applied in improper starting and control systems. However, the responsibility for providing proper starting and control systems remains with the system designer and the installer.
32 CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Unit-Mounted AMPGARD Medium-Voltage Starters
Integrated Rapid Restart
A loss of cooling capacity can be costly, which is why Series L™ chillers are designed to integrate seamlessly with uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and have the shortest restart times in the industry.
In the event of a power interruption, the chiller defaults to its rapid restart mode, optimizing electrical and mechanical variables, including guide vane position. This not only helps the chiller get back online faster, but it also provides the least amount of load on your building’s electrical infrastructure — which can make a big difference if your building has a backup generator.
Even under extreme conditions, CenTraVac™ chiller restart times have been verified at as few as
43 seconds, as shown in Figure 20 . Thanks to fast restart times like these, you can substantially
minimize the risks of financially devastating damage to assets caused by overheating due to power outages. Of course, the truest test of a chiller’s restart capabilities is the amount of time it takes to resume full-load cooling—and this is where the Series L chiller really shines. An 80 percent cooling load can be achieved in less than three minutes after power restoration: your assurance that the cooling capacity your equipment depends on is just a few minutes away.
Figure 20. CTV AdaptiView Simplex restart time after power loss (with UPS)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Compressor Start
Chiller loading time
180 sec
(d)
Confirm cond flow 6 sec
Close inlet guide vanes
20–43 sec
(b)
Confirm evap flow 6 sec
Confirm oil flow 10 sec
(c)
Power loss timer 15 sec
Time to Restart (sec)
0 43 223
(a) Assumes chiller starter power restored within 120 seconds
(b) Function of chiller load
(c) Oil pump on UPS
(d) Estimated time to 80% load
Optimization for Elevated Chilled-Water Temperature Applications
Trane Series L™ CenTraVac™ chiller (model CVHL) is a direct result of Trane commitment to provide the right technology for the right application at the right time.
Understanding that industrial processes and data center equipment have unique cooling requirements, Trane developed the Series L CenTraVac chiller. Designed to meet the specific needs of elevated chilled-water temperature applications, the Series L chiller’s compressor technology is optimized to deliver water cooled to 60°F–70°F with up to 35 percent better efficiency at full-load and off-design conditions.
Providing efficient, reliable elevated-temperature cooling you need and can count on.
CTV-PRC007L-EN 33
Unit Options
Enhanced Electrical Protection Package Options
Customers who purchase the Enhanced Electrical Protection Package have additional electrical options. These options can be applied to remote-mounted medium-voltage starters, both from
Trane and other starter manufacturers.
CPTR, Control Power Transformer (Enhanced Electrical Protection Package option) on Low- and Medium-Voltage Starters
Unit-mounted, factory-wired, separate enclosure mounted next to the control panel with:
•
Flanged disconnect
•
Secondary fuse status indictor (blown or not-blown)
•
Fused primary and secondary power
•
UL 508 Type 12 construction
•
4 kVA control power transformer (480 to 115 volts)
SMP, Supplemental Motor Protection (Enhanced Electrical Protection Package option) on Medium-Voltage Staters Only
Unit-mounted, factory-wired, separate enclosure mounted to the motor with:
•
Surge capacitors
•
Field-accessible terminal block for trouble-shooting via panel
•
Lightning arrestors
•
Zero-sequence ground fault
•
UL 347 tested Type 12 construction
DMP, Differential Motor Protection (SMP option) on Medium-Voltage Staters
Only
DMP replaces the zero-sequence ground fault protection. Instead, it uses a flux-summation selfcompensating differential protection scheme for more quickly and more precisely removing line power during a fault.
Note: DMP is available only for 1062 kW and larger motor sizes up to 5000 volts.
CVAC, Customer-Supplied Vacuum Circuit Breaker on Medium-Voltage Staters
Only
•
Three-pole disconnect
•
Relays for vacuum circuit-breaker starter type
•
Industrial terminal block
•
Secondary 120 to 30 volt PTs (for medium-voltage units)
34 CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Free Cooling Allows Reduced Operating Costs
Consider a CenTraVac™ chiller option that can provide up to 45 percent of the nominal chiller capacity—without operating the compressor. Think of the significant energy and cost savings possible in many applications. This option is available on most Trane chillers, factory-installed.
Free cooling operation is based on the principle that refrigerant migrates to the area of lowest temperature. When condenser water is available at temperatures lower than the required leaving chilled-water temperature, typically 50°F to 55°F (10°C to 12.8°C), the unit control panel starts the free cooling cycle automatically.
Figure 21. Free cooling schematic
CTV-PRC007L-EN
When the free cooling cycle can no longer provide sufficient capacity to meet cooling requirements, mechanical cooling is restarted automatically by the unit control panel.
For example, a building with a high internal cooling load is located in a climate with cold winters.
It is possible to cool the building exclusively with free cooling three to six months of the year! Free cooling payback can easily be less than a year.
Free cooling is factory installed and requires no additional floor space or piping than the standard
CenTraVac chiller (unlike plate-frame heat exchangers).
Benefits
The Trane patented free cooling accessory for Trane CenTraVac™ chillers adapts the basic chiller so it may function as a simple heat exchanger using refrigerant as the working fluid. When condenser water is available at temperatures lower than the desired chilled liquid temperature, free cooling can provide up to 45 percent of nominal chiller capacity without operation of the compressor. This feature may result in substantial energy cost savings on many installations.
Reliability
Two simple valves are the only moving parts.
Single-Source Responsibility
Free cooling is Trane-engineered, -manufactured, and -installed.
Ease of Operation
Changeover on free cooling by single switch control.
35
Unit Options
Free Cooling Allows Reduced Operating Costs
36
Ease of Installation
Completely factory-installed and leak-tested components. All valve operators and controls are factory wired.
Application
Modern buildings often require some form of year-round cooling to handle interior zones, solar loads, or computer loads. As the outside air temperature decreases below the inside air design temperature, it is often possible to use an outside air economizer to satisfy the cooling requirements. There are a number of instances, however, where CenTraVac™ chiller free cooling offers a number of advantages over the use of an outside air economizer. It is possible for the free cooling chiller to satisfy the cooling load for many hours, days, or months during the fall, winter, or spring seasons without operation of the compressor motor. This method of satisfying the cooling requirement can result in significant total energy savings over other types of systems. The savings available are most easily determined through the use of a computer energy analysis and economic program, such as TRACE™ (Trane Air Conditioning and Economics).
The suitability of free cooling for any particular installation depends upon a number of factors. The availability of low temperature condensing water, the quality of the outside air, the type of airside system, the temperature and humidity control requirements, and the cost of electricity all have a direct impact on the decision to use a free cooling chiller.
The use of CenTraVac chiller free cooling depends on the availability of cold condenser water from a cooling tower, river, lake, or pond. As a general rule of thumb, locations which have a substantial number of days with ambient temperatures below 45°F (7.2°C) wet bulb or more than 4000 degreedays per year are well suited to free cooling operation. A cooling tower must be winterized for offseason operation and the minimum sump temperature is limited by some cooling tower manufacturers. Cooling tower manufacturers should be consulted for recommendations on low temperature operation. With river, lake, or pond supply, condenser water temperatures down to freezing levels are possible. Areas which have fouled air may be more conducive to free cooling operation than the use of an outside air economizer.
Airside systems which both heat and cool the air can often effectively use a free cooling chiller.
Dual-duct, multizone, and reheat systems fall into this general category. As the outside temperature begins to fall, the cool outside air satisfies the cooling requirements (through an outside air economizer). As the outdoor air temperature becomes very low, the outdoor air may need to be heated in order to maintain the design supply air temperature when it is mixed with return air. This “heating penalty” can be eliminated by using CenTraVac chiller free cooling. Warm chilled-water temperatures provided by the free cooling chiller would allow a warmer air temperature off the chilled-water coils, eliminating the heating energy required by using only an outside air economizer. With high cost electricity in most areas of the country, this heating penalty can be very significant.
Temperature and humidity control requirements are important considerations when evaluating the use of CenTraVac chiller free cooling. Low temperature outside air (from the outside air economizer) often requires a large amount of energy for humidification purposes. Free cooling operation helps to reduce these humidification costs on many applications.
It is important to note that those applications which require extremely precise humidity control typically cannot tolerate warmer than design chilled-water temperatures. Therefore, since free cooling chillers normally deliver warmer than design chilled water temperatures, free cooling operation is usually not applicable with systems which require precise humidity control.
Free cooling is not used in conjunction with heat recovery systems, since mechanical cooling must be used to recover heat that will be used elsewhere in the building for simultaneous heating.
Operation
Free cooling operates on the principle that refrigerant flows to the area of lowest temperature in the system. The Tracer™ system/Chiller Plant Manager (CPM) can be used for automatic free cooling control. When condenser water is available at a temperature lower than the required
CTV-PRC007L-EN
CTV-PRC007L-EN
Unit Options
Free Cooling Allows Reduced Operating Costs
leaving chilled-water temperature, the CPM starts the free cooling cycle. If the load cannot be satisfied with free cooling, the CPM or a customer-supplied system can automatically switch to the powered cooling mode. If desired, the chiller can be manually switched to the free cooling mode at the unit control panel. Upon changeover to free cooling, the shutoff valves in the liquid and gas lines are opened and a lockout circuit prevents compressor energization. Liquid refrigerant drains from the storage tank into the evaporator, flooding the tube bundle. Since the refrigerant temperature and pressure are higher in the evaporator than in the condenser, due to the water temperature difference, the refrigerant gas boiled off in the evaporator will flow to the condenser.
The gas then condenses and flows by gravity back to the evaporator. This automatic refrigeration cycle is sustained as long as a temperature difference exists between the condenser water and evaporator water.
The difference in temperature between the condenser and evaporator determines the rate of refrigerant flow between the two shells and hence the free cooling capacity.
If the system load becomes greater than the free cooling capacity either the operator manually stops free cooling, a binary input from a customer-supplied system disables free cooling, or the
CPM can automatically perform this function. The gas and liquid valves close and the compressor starts. Refrigerant gas is drawn out of the evaporator by the compressor, compressed, and introduced into the condenser. Most of the condensed liquid first takes the path of least resistance by flowing into the storage tank which is vented to the high pressure economizer sump by a small bleed line. When the storage tank is filled, liquid refrigerant must flow through the bleed line restriction. The pressure drop through the bleed line is greater than that associated with the orifice flow control device, hence liquid refrigerant flows normally from the condenser through the orifice system and into the economizer.
The free cooling option consists of the following factory-installed or supplied components:
•
Additional refrigerant charge required for the free cooling cycle
•
Manual free cooling controls on the unit control panel
•
A refrigerant gas line, including an electrically actuated shutoff valve, installed between the evaporator and condenser
•
A liquid-refrigerant storage vessel adjacent to the economizer
•
A valved-liquid return line, including an electrically activated shutoff valve, between the condenser sump and evaporator
For specific information on free cooling applications, contact your local Trane sales office.
37
Unit Options
Free Cooling Allows Reduced Operating Costs
Figure 22. Compressor operation schematic
1
2
2
3
1.
Condenser
2. Economizer
3. Refrigerant Storage Tank
4. Compressor
5. Evaporator
5
4
Figure 23. Free cooling operation schematic
1
2
2
3
1.
Condenser
2. Economizer
3. Refrigerant Storage Tank
4. Compressor
5. Evaporator
5
4
38 CTV-PRC007L-EN
advertisement
Key Features
- High efficiency
- Low emissions
- Direct-drive design
- Leak-tight warranty
- Multiple-stage compression
- Variable-speed drive
- Free cooling
- Heat recovery
- Ice storage
Frequently Answers and Questions
What are the tonnage ranges for the CenTraVac chillers?
What is the key to the highest energy efficiency and lowest leak rate?
What kind of warranty does the CenTraVac chiller have?
What are some of the optional features available for the CenTraVac chiller?
What kind of control strategies are used in the CenTraVac chiller?
Related manuals
advertisement
Table of contents
- 2 Introduction
- 6 General Information
- 6 Unmatched Local Expertise
- 6 Delivery and Design Flexibility
- 6 ISO 9001 Certification
- 6 Certified AHRI Performance
- 6 District Cooling
- 6 Turbine Inlet Cooling
- 7 Features and Benefits
- 7 Comparing the Attributes of Low- and High-Pressure Chiller Operation
- 8 Backed by the Unparalleled 0.0% Leak-Tight Warranty
- 9 Standard Features
- 10 Optional Features
- 11 Factory Testing for Assured Performance
- 12 The CenTraVac Chiller Operating Cycle
- 13 CenTraVac Chiller Motor
- 13 Design Simplicity
- 13 Fixed Orifice Flow Control
- 14 Quiet Operation
- 14 The Reliability Standard
- 14 Direct-Drive Design—No Gear Losses
- 14 Multiple Stages of Compression
- 14 Inlet Guide Vanes
- 14 Two-Stage Economizer
- 14 Single-Stage Economizer
- 14 Refrigerant/Oil Pump Motor
- 15 EarthWise Purge System
- 15 CenTraVac Chiller Two-Stage and Three-Stage P-H Diagrams
- 17 Unit Options
- 17 Trane Starters and Drives
- 17 A Wide Array of Low- and Medium-Voltage Starters
- 17 Overview, Standard and Optional Features
- 20 Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Wye (Star)-Delta Starters
- 21 Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Solid-State Starters
- 22 Unit-Mounted Low-Voltage Adaptive Frequency Drive
- 26 Unit-Mounted Adaptive Frequency Drive (AFD3)
- 31 Unit-Mounted AMPGARD Medium-Voltage Starters
- 32 Starter by Others
- 33 Integrated Rapid Restart
- 33 Optimization for Elevated Chilled-Water Temperature Applications
- 34 Enhanced Electrical Protection Package Options
- 35 Free Cooling Allows Reduced Operating Costs
- 39 System Options
- 39 Heat Recovery
- 40 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling
- 40 Heating Water Temperatures and Control
- 42 Auxiliary Condenser for Economical Heat Recovery
- 42 Application
- 42 Increased Chiller Efficiency
- 43 Controls
- 43 Operation
- 44 Ice Storage Provides Reduced Electrical Demand
- 46 Application Considerations
- 46 Condenser Water Control
- 46 Water Treatment
- 46 Water Pumps
- 46 Water Flow
- 47 Electrical Information
- 47 Minimum Circuit Ampacity
- 47 Branch-Circuit, Short-Circuit, and Ground Fault Protection
- 48 Selection Procedure
- 48 Selection
- 48 Performance
- 48 Fouling Factors
- 48 Unit Performance With Fluid Media Other Than Water
- 48 Flow Rate Limits
- 48 Roughing-in Dimensions
- 49 Evaporator and Condenser Data Tables
- 49 Full-Load and Part-Load Performance
- 50 Performance Data
- 54 Job Site Considerations
- 54 Supply and Motor Lead Wiring and Connections
- 55 Shipment and Assembly
- 56 Controls
- 56 Tracer AdaptiView Controller
- 56 Feedforward Adaptive Control
- 56 Soft Loading
- 56 Multi-Objective Limit Arbitration
- 56 Fast Restart
- 56 Adaptive Frequency Drive Control
- 56 Variable-Primary Flow (VPF)
- 56 Enhanced Flow Management
- 57 34°F (1.1°C) Leaving Water Temperature
- 57 Tracer AdaptiView Control and Operator Interface
- 58 Tracer TU Interface
- 59 Field Connection
- 59 Heat Exchanger Control
- 59 Motor Control and Compressor Protection
- 59 EarthWise Purge Control
- 59 Potential/Current Transformers—3-phase
- 59 Chilled-Water Reset
- 60 Hot-Water Control
- 60 Ice-Making Control
- 60 Extended Operation Package
- 60 Base-Loading Control
- 61 Ice-Making Control
- 61 Hot-Water Control
- 61 Refrigerant Monitor
- 62 Enhanced Flow Management Package
- 62 How It Works
- 64 LonTalk Communications Interface (LCI-C)
- 64 Native BACnet Communications
- 64 MODBUS Communications
- 65 Building Automation and Chiller Plant Control
- 65 Chiller-Tower Optimization
- 66 Integrated Comfort System (ICS)
- 67 Standard Protections
- 67 High Condenser-Pressure Protection
- 67 Starter-Contactor Failure Protection
- 67 Loss of Water-Flow Protection
- 67 Evaporator Limit Protection
- 67 Low Evaporator-Water Temperature
- 67 High Vacuum-Lockout Protection
- 68 Oil-Temperature Protection
- 68 Low Differential Oil-Pressure Protection
- 68 Excessive Purge Detection
- 68 Phase-Unbalance Protection
- 68 Phase-Loss Protection
- 69 Phase Reversal/Rotation Protection
- 69 Momentary Power Loss and Distribution Fault Protection
- 69 Current-Overload Protection
- 69 High Motor-Winding Temperature Protection
- 69 Surge Detection Protection
- 69 Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection
- 70 Power Factor and kW Measurement
- 70 Short-Cycling Protection
- 71 Enhanced Protection Option
- 71 Enhanced Condenser-Limit Control
- 71 Compressor-Discharge Refrigerant-Temperature Protection (optional)
- 71 Sensing of Leaving Oil Set Temperature For Each Bearing
- 72 Weights
- 75 Physical Dimensions
- 75 Single Compressor CenTraVac Chillers
- 81 Dual Compressor CenTraVac Chillers
- 83 Chiller Views
- 85 Evaporator Waterbox Configuration
- 89 Condenser Waterbox Configuration
- 91 Waterbox Lengths
- 93 Marine Waterbox Arrangement Tables
- 94 Mechanical Specifications
- 94 Compressor
- 94 Guide Vanes
- 94 Impellers
- 94 Compressor Casing
- 94 Motor
- 94 Motor Cooling
- 94 Lubrication
- 95 Evaporator
- 95 Shell and Waterboxes
- 95 Tube Sheets
- 95 Tubes
- 95 Eliminators
- 95 Refrigerant Distribution
- 95 Refrigerant Flow Control
- 95 Shell Tests
- 96 Condenser/Heat Recovery Condenser
- 96 Shell and Waterboxes
- 96 Tube Sheets
- 96 Tubes
- 96 Refrigerant Gas Distribution
- 96 Shell Tests
- 96 Economizer
- 96 Purge System
- 96 Standard Features
- 97 Chiller Controller
- 99 Isolation Pads
- 99 Refrigerant and Oil Charge
- 99 0.0% Leak-Tight Warranty
- 99 Thermometer Wells and Sight Glasses
- 99 Insulation
- 99 Refrigerant Pumpout/Reclaim Connections
- 100 Painting
- 100 Unit-Mounted Starter Options
- 100 Unit-Mounted, Refrigerant Cooled Adaptive Frequency Drive (AFD)
- 100 Standard Design Features for All Trane AFDs
- 100 Chiller Unit Controller Features for all Trane AFDs
- 101 Environmental Ratings
- 101 Unit-Mounted Refrigerant-Cooled Trane AFD Design Features