The I/O Headers. McGraw-Hill The Complete Reference Fourth Edition

790

C + + : T h e C o m p l e t e R e f e r e n c e

Template

Class basic_ifstream basic_ofstream basic_fstream

Character-Based

Class ifstream ofstream fstream

Wide-Character-Based

Class wifstream wofstream wfstream basic_istringstream istringstream basic_ostringstream ostringstream basic_stringstream stringstream wistringstream wostringstream wstringstream basic_streambuf basic_filebuf basic_stringbuf streambuf filebuf stringbuf wstreambuf wfilebuf wstringbuf

Since the vast majority of programmers will be using character-based I/O, those are the names used by this chapter. Thus, when referring to the I/O classes, we will simply use their character-based names rather than their internal, template names. For instance, this chapter will use the name ios rather than basic_ios, istream rather than basic_istream, and fstream rather than basic_fstream. Remember, parallel classes exist for widecharacter streams and they work in the same way as those described here.

The I/O Headers

The Standard C++ I/O system relies upon several headers. They are shown here.

Header

<fstream>

<iomanip>

<ios>

<iosfwd>

<iostream>

<istream>

<ostream>

For

File I/O

Parameterized I/O manipulators

Basic I/O support

Forward declarations used by the I/O system

General I/O

Basic input support

Basic output support