Ultrasonic Flow Meters Manual

Hybrid Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Installation and Operating Manual

Page 2

Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Table of Contents

2

3

Safety precautions

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1 Product overview

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.1

Operating principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.2

Transit Time operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.5

Doppler operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Fluid requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Pipe requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Straight pipe length requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.7

1.8

Standard model features and options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Wiring compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Quick Start Guide

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Flowmeter SPU installation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.1

Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4

5

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Select a mounting location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Wall mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Panel mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Pipe mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.6

3.7

Select a measurement method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.8

Cable gland liquid tight connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Overview of Flowmeter Operation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.1

Power on and self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

Description of operating states and controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Startup state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Setup (configuration) mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Transducer positioning state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.6

4.7

Zero calibration state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Run mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4.8

Fault and warning codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Setup mode

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5.1

Menu Navigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.1.1

5.1.2

Setup root menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Escaping from setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Global configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

5.2.1

Communication settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

5.2.2

5.2.3

Master password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Setting the date and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.2.4

Saving changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Manage configuration sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.3.1

Activate a configuration set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.3.2

5.3.3

Open a saved configuration set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Create a new configuration set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.3.4

Delete a saved configuration set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Configuration edit menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

5.4.1

5.4.2

Editing data items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

5.4.1.1 . Editing numerical values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

5.4.1.2 . Entering passwords using the soft buttons . . . . . . . 32

5.4.1.3 . Units of measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Transducer setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

5.4.3

5.4.4

5.5.5

5.4.6

Metering setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Process control setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Reset working set to factory values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Set password (for a single configuration set) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

5.4.7

5.4.8

Saving changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Escape without saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Transducer installation

6.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Transducer piping system location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

6.2

Transducer mounting mode for Doppler measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Transducer mounting mode for Transit Time measurement. . . . . . . . 40

Transducer separation distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Pipe surface preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Doppler method transducer installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Transit Time transducer installation - V and W mount mode . . . . . . . 43

7

6.8

Transit Time transducer installation - Z mount mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

6.9

6.10

Transducer acoustic mounting gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Transducer pipe mounting clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Run mode

7.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Primary and secondary display areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

7.2

7.3

7.1.1

7.1.2

Flow rate measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Total flow measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Measurement status areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

7.2.1 Configuration and mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

7.2.2 Goodness of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

7.2.3

7.2.4

Sound speed display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Measuring the fluid sound speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Process control status areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

7.5.1

7.5.2

Analog signal output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Digital pulse output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

7.6.2

7.6.3

7.6.4

Logging rate setpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Logging totalizer setpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Local log data storage (SD flash memory card) . . . . . . . . . . . 54

7.6.4.1 . Inserting and removing the memory card . . . . . . . . 54

7.6.4.2 . Format of data on the memory card . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

7.6.4.3 . Rotation and purging of log files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

7.6.5

7.6.4.4 . Power loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Remote access to log data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

8 Process

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

8.2.1

8.2.2

Manual batch start type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Auto batch start type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

8.3 Flow rate alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

9

10

8.3.4 More on clearing alarm conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Sonic-Pro User PC Software

9.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Software installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

9.2

Making connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

9.2.1

Ethernet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

9.3

9.2.2

Serial and USB connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Retrieving log data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Indexes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

Complete flowmeter model number system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Additional transducers model number system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Pipe dimensional data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

10.5

10.6

Sound speed data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Troubleshooting guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Page 3


Page 4

!

!

Safety Precautions

Thank you for purchasing the ultrasonic flowmeter.

This instruction manual provides important information regarding the safe installation, operation and maintenance of the flowmeter. Please read it carefully before attempting to install or operate the meter. A copy of this manual should be kept by the operator.

Extra copies of this manual are available from your supplier or directly from the manufacturer.

The following important symbols are used throughout this manual and on labeling affixed to the flowmeter:

CAUTION risk of electric shock

This symbol identifies a risk of electric shock where the possibility of injury or death is present.

CAUTION risk of danger

!


This symbol identifies a risk of injury or death is present.

In all cases, when this s ymbol is used on labeling affixed to the flowmeter, the documentation needs to be consulted to find out the nature of the potential HAZARD and any actions which have to be taken.

If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by this instruction manual, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

QUESTIONS REGARDING THE SAFE USE OF THIS PRODUCT, THE LINUX

OPERATING SYSTEM SOURCE CODE AND OTHER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE.


LABELING

1.1

Operating

Principles

Page 5

1.0 Product Overview

The

Hybrid Ultrasonic Flow Meter

can measure fluid flow in virtually any fluid in which sound waves can travel. The meter is considered “hybrid” because it can measure fluid flow using either the Doppler or Transit Time methods. The system includes a set of ultrasonic sound

Transducers

and a

Signal Processing Unit (SPU)

. The transducers are clamped to the outside of the pipe wall and include no moving parts. The SPU controls and processes the transducer signals into useful flow measurement data. This method of flow measurement is safe, non-intrusive and very easy to service.

1.2

Transit Time

Operation

The Transit Time measuring method requires relatively “clean” fluid to enable the sound waves to complete their circuit. The meter may be operated in the Transit-Time mode when the fluid contains 0% to 10% (0 to 100,000 ppm) of particles. To allow for changes in the fluid’s particle count, the Sonic-Pro monitors the signal gain and employs an

Automatic Gain Control (AGC) algorithm that automatically adjusts the gain to maintain the optimum power level.

The speed at which sound travels in the fluid must be known. The factory will configure the meter for a known fluid during the initial configuration. The model 3 includes a 5button user interface that can be used to configure the meter. Many common fluids are listed in the software and can be selected directly from the menu. Provided the speed of sound in the fluid is known, custom “unknown” fluids can be input manually by the user.

A list of various fluids and their sound speeds are provided in the index of this user manual.

TRANSIT TIME MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE

When operated in the Transit Time measurement method, a short ultrasonic signal burst passes first in one direction and then in the other between two transducers separated along the length of the pipe. When traveling in the same direction as fluid flow, the burst is carried along by the fluid and arrives earlier as a result. When traveling against fluid flow, the burst is held back by the fluid and arrives later. The SPU ( Signal Processing

Unit) measures this difference in time-of-flight in the two directions. From this, the actual time-of-flights, the distance traveled in the fluid and the angle of the ultrasonic signal path, it calculates the fluid velocity.

As well as the V mounting method shown, the transducers could be on opposite sides of the pipe with no reflections in the path (Z mount).


Page 6

1.3

Doppler

Operation

The Doppler measurement method requires that particles be present in the flow stream to “reflect” the sound waves. The particles must be of sufficient size, volume

and type

to reflect the sound waves. For example; although orange juice may contain pulp that is of sufficient size and volume, the properties of the pulp do not allow the sound waves to reflect. Therefore, the meter will not operate in the Doppler mode with orange juice containing pulp.

The meter may be operated in the Doppler mode when the fluid contains 0.02% to 15%

(200 to 150,000 ppm) of particles that are at least 50 micron in size and have sufficient sound reflection properties.


DOPPLER MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE

When operated in the Doppler measurement method, a continuous-wave ultrasonic signal passes from a transmitting transducer into a pipe carrying a moving fluid. The signal is reflected by particles in the fluid and is picked up by a receiving transducer on the opposite side of the pipe.

When using the Doppler method, the transducers are installed directly opposite each other along the pipe axis, one each side of the pipe, either with or against the flow of fluid. The ultrasonic signal is subject to a Doppler shift when it is reflected from the particles moving at (nominally) the same velocity as the fluid. Therefore, the frequency at the receiving transducer will be slightly different from the transmitted frequency. The

SPU ( Signal Processing Unit) measures this difference in frequency and calculates the fluid velocity.

Note that the meter is actually measuring the velocity of the particles and

not the actual fluid

. For this reason, measurement error will occur if the particles do not move at the same velocity as the fluid, such as when the particles are heavier than the fluid or when the fluid is moving at such a low velocity that the particles drop out of suspension. Large

“gulps” of air or particles will temporarily disrupt the flow measurement resulting in error.

Page 7

1.4

Fluid

Requirements

Doppler Operation

Transit Time Operation

!

!

Must conduct sound

Must contain sound reflecting particles such as air bubbles, sand, etc.

!

!

Must conduct sound

Must be relatively clean fluid

Doppler measurement requires

15% (200 to 150,000 ppm) sound waves.

0.02% to particles be present in the flow stream to “reflect” the

Transit Time measurement requires relatively

“clean” fluid. Fluids containing from 0% to

10% (0 to 100,000 ppm) of particles are acceptable.

Note: Do not attempt to measure very low flow velocities in the Doppler mode, the particles can fall out of suspension resulting in error or failure.

1.5

Pipe

Requirements

Pipe Material

Brass (Naval)

Copper

FRP (fiberglass Reinforced Plastic)

Iron (cast)

Iron (ductile)

Nylon

Polyethylene (HDPE)

Polyethylene (LDPE)

Polypropylene

PVC / CPVC

304 Stainless Steel

304L Stainless Steel

316 Stainless Steel

Steel (1% carbon hard)

Steel (carbon)

Titanium

Pipe Size Ranges and Maximum Wall Thickness

Doppler Mode Pipe Size Range Transit Time Mode Pipe Size Range

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

Max Pipe Wall

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

1-1/2“ to 100” (40mm to 2500mm)

1-1/2“ to 100” (40mm to 2500mm)

1-1/2“ to 100” (40mm to 2500mm)

1-1/2“ to 100” (40mm to 2500mm)

1-1/2“ to 100” (40mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

.500” (13mm)

2.00” (50mm)

2.00” (50mm)

1.00” (25mm)

.500” (13mm)

2.00” (50mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

Note: The outside surface of the pipe must be clean and smooth. Insulation, coatings, rust and other surface imperfections should be removed before installing the transducers. The inside surface of the pipe must be smooth to properly reflect the sound wave.

1.6

Straight Pipe

Length

Requirements

Type of Disturbance

Flange

Reducer o

90 Elbow o

Two 90 Elbows - 1 Direction

Straight Lengths of Pipe Required

Upstream from Transducers

5 x Nominal Pipe Size




Downstream from Transducers











Gate valve

Pump

Note: The sound wave beam is only affected by fluid that actually passes through the beam and therefore, the meter will not measure with high accuracy if the fluid velocity is not consistent across the entire pipe diameter. Flow disturbances such as pumps, elbows, tees, and valves in the flow stream can cause swirl patterns and vortices that will affect the measurement. Install the transducers on a straight run of pipe

as far as possible

from any disturbances. The distance required for high accuracy will depend on the type of disturbance.


Page 8

1.7

Standard

Model

Features and Options

STANDARD MODEL FEATURES

!

!

!

!

Data logging to a standard SD Card.

4-20 mA output signal

0-1000 Hz digital frequency output signal

LED status indicator lights

DISPLAY AND USER ACCESS MODEL DISTINCTIONS

Model 3

includes a full featured display with a 5 button touch pad. The start-up process and the zero calibration can be performed by pressing the proper buttons on the touch pad.

Note that the start-up process, the zero calibration, and all other functions can also be performed by the optional remote PC software application.

Model 2

includes a basic display with a 2 button touch pad. The start-up process and the zero calibration can be performed by removing the front cover plate and pressing the setup button located on the circuit board.



Model 1

has no display or touch pad. The start-up process and the zero calibration can be performed by removing the front cover plate and pressing the setup button located on the circuit board.


OPTIONAL COMMUNICATIONS PACKAGE WITH CUSTOM PC SOFTWARE

Any model can be equipped with a

Communications Package

that includes circuitry, connector panel and custom PC software. When connected to a computer running the software, any model can perform the

Model 3

functions described in this manual including program editing and data logging downloads directly into the PC.

OPTIONAL PROCESS CONTROL RELAY BOARD

Any model can be equipped with a

Process Control Relay Package

that includes three independently programmable 10 amp relays. However, relay programming requires the

Model 3 programming features or the Communications Software package to function.

Models 1 and 2 cannot access the relay functions unless connected to the communications

Software.

Page 9

1.8

Wiring

Compartment

WIRING COMPARTMENT

The wiring access door

on the front of the flowmeter enclosure only

must be removed to access the wiring terminal blocks, motherboard controls (a setup button and the measurement mode switch) and to view the status LEDs.

The meter is factory set for transit time operation.

There are no user serviceable items inside the rear enclosure.

FRONT COVER PLATE REMOVED

DOPPLER / TRANSIT TIME

MODE SELECT SWITCH

(factory set for transit time mode)

INDICATOR LIGHTS

SETUP BUTTON (white)

FUSE

TRANSDUCER

INPUTS

Tx 1 Tx 2

INDICATOR

LIGHTS

SETUP BUTTON

T D

MODE SWITCH

SIGNAL

OUTPUTS

FUSE

1A 250V (5x20mm) slow blow littlefuse 239001.XP

POWER INPUT mA Hz DC AC

SD CARD

DATA LOG

(REMOVE)

RS485

RS232

USB ETHERNET

COMMUNICATIONS

CONNECTOR PANEL

COM

NC

NO

COM

NC

NO

COM

NC

NO

R1

R2

R3

PROCESS CONTROL RELAYS

(THREE EACH) 10A 250V AC

WARNING

INPUT POWER LIMITS

AC INPUT

110~240Vac 50/60Hz-40W

DC INPUT

15~30 Vdc-40W


WIRING COMPARTMENT LAYOUT

INPUT POWER (green)

FAULT CONDITION (red)

METER STATUS (yellow)

INDICATOR LIGHTS


Page 10

2.0 Quick Start Guide

1

Select doppler or transit time mode

Note that the meter is factory set for Transit-Time operation.

See section 3.6 for more information

FRONT COVER PLATE REMOVED

MODE SELECT SWITCH

INDICATOR

LIGHTS

SETUP BUTTON

TRANSDUCER

INPUTS

Tx 1 Tx 2

SIGNAL

OUTPUTS mA Hz

FUSE

1A 250V (5 x 20)

POWER INPUT

DC AC

T D

MODE SWITCH

SD CARD

DATA LOG

(REMOVE)

RS485

COM

NC

NO

COM

NC

NO

COM

NC

NO

R1

R2

R3



WARNING

INPUT POWER

LIMITS

AC INPUT

110VAC - 240VAC

50/60 Hz

DC INPUT

15 to 30 VDC


RS232

USB ETHERNET

COMMUNICATIONS

CONNECTOR PANEL

WIRING COMPARTMENT LAYOUT

2

Select the transducer mounting location

The flowmeter’s sound wave beam only measures fluid that actually passes through the beam, therefore, the fluid velocity must be consistent across the entire pipe diameter to ensure high accuracy. Flow disturbances such as pumps, elbows, tees, and valves in the flow stream can cause swirl patterns and vortices that will affect the measurement.

Install the transducers on a straight run of pipe

as far as possible

from any disturbances. The distance required for accuracy will depend on the type of disturbance.


Type of Disturbance

Flange

Reducer o

Two 90 Elbows - 2 Directions

Gate valve

Pump

Straight Lengths of Pipe Required

Upstream from Transducers Downstream from Transducers

5 x Nominal Pipe Size 5 x Nominal Pipe Size













MINIMUM STRAIGHT PIPE LENGTHS

Pipe must be full

NO

NO

Air could be trapped

OK

OK

Down flows must have back pressure

!

OK

Flow

Direction

10 x D 5 x D

PIPE SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS


Air bubbles may be present

NO

NO

Sediment may be present

NO



!

NO


Page 11

3

Determine the transducer mounting mode

When operated in the

Doppler

mode, the transducers are always mounted directly opposite each other, 180 degrees around the pipe.


Transit-Time

mode, the front faces of the transducers must face each other and be positioned the correct distance apart. In V-mode, the transducers are on the same side of the pipe. In Zmode, the transducers are on the opposite side of the pipe, 180 degrees apart.

When factory configured, the appropriate

Transit-

Time

mounting mode is pre-configured and printed on the serial label.

Flow or

Flow

All pipe types and sizes

“V” Mount Mode

DOPPLER

“Z” Mount Mode

Typically smaller pipe sizes from 2” to 6”

Typically larger pipe sizes from 4” to 100”

Separation

Distance

Separation

Distance

Flow or

Flow


Flow or

Flow

TRANSIT TIME

4

Determine the 1st transducer location

The mounting surface must be clean, smooth and free of surface imperfections. Remove all insulation material, loose paint, etc. Clean the pipe thoroughly. Use sandpaper if necessary to remove surface imperfections. Be sure to locate the transducers on the side of horizontal runs of pipe. Do not mount the transducers over weld seams. Place a mark where the first transducer will be located.


OK

45

O

45

O


NO

Horizontal

NO


TRANSDUCER MOUNTING LOCATION


Page 12

5

Determine the 2nd transducer location


Doppler

mode, the transducers are always mounted directly opposite each other, 180 degrees around the pipe.


“V” Mount Mode

Typically smaller pipe sizes from 2” to 6”

Separation

Distance

DOPPLER


Transit-Time

mode, the factory configured separation distance and mounting mode is printed on the serial label.

The currently active separation distance is also displayed on the run mode screen, the fault indicator screen, and when activating a new configuration.

If the meter has not been factory configured, or if a new configuration is required, the pipe outside diameter, pipe wall thickness, pipe material, fluid type and transducer mounting mode data must be input before proceeding.

SERIAL LABEL

1 T 0.88 in.

FAULT

Attempting Correction...

F81 [

£

81

Once activated, the new separation distance will be displayed.


FAULT INDICATOR SCREEN

“Z” Mount Mode

Typically larger pipe sizes from 4” to 100”

Separation

Distance

TRANSIT TIME

Separation Distance

1490 1 T 0.88 in.

[

¢

U.S. Gallons / min

U.S. Gallons

625.38

4345625.38

SETUP CLEAR SWAP

RUN MODE SCREEN

Information Screen

Firmware Version, A01.00.00

Transducer Positioning …

Position the transducers at a separation distance of:

0.884416 inches (”V” Mount)

Press DONE when this is complete

DONE

NEW CONFIGURATION

ACTIVATION SCREEN

6

Configure the meter if it has not been factory configured

Apply power to the meter. note that only the most basic configuration requirements are shown here.

1 T 0.88 in.

[

¢

U.S. Gallons / min

Setup Root Menu

Manage Configuration Sets

Setup Root Menu


Setup Root Menu


U.S. Gallons

625.38

Global Configuration

Open a Saved Configuration Set

Create a New Configuration Set

Delete a Saved Configuration Set

4345625.38

ENTER

SETUP SWAP

1. Press

Setup.

CLEAR

Ç

ENTER

Ç

ENTER

Ç

2. Highlight

Manage

Configuration Sets

and press enter.

3. Highlight

Open a saved Configuration set

and press enter.

4. Highlight the

Configuration set

to be edited and press enter.



Page 13

6

Configure the meter (continued)

Configuration Set #1 Configuration Set #1

Transducer Setup

Metering Setup

Process Control Setup

Reset Working Set to Fact. Defaults

Set Password...

Save

Save As ...

Save and Activate


Ê

Measurement Units

Pipe

Liner

Fluid

Configuration Set #1


Ê

Model Number

Ê

Cable Length (Feet)



Ê

Mount Method

V

W

Z

N

ENTER

Ç

5. Highlight

Transducer

Setup

and press enter.



Ê

Model Number

Cable Length (Feet)

ENTER

Ç

6. Highlight

Transducer

and press enter.

ENTER

Ç

7. Highlight

Mount

Method

and press enter.



Transducer

Pipe

Liner

Fluid



Ê

Outside Diameter

Wall Thickness

Pipe Material

Speed of Sound in Custom Material

ENTER

Ç

8. Highlight a

Mount

Method

and press enter.



ENTER

Ç

9. Press escape.




Wall Thickness

Pipe Material


ENTER

Ç

13. Highlight

Wall

Thickness

and press enter.



Ê


Wall Thickness

Pipe Material


ENTER

Ç

17. Press escape.



Speed of Sound in Fluid Type

ENTER

Ç

21. Press escape twice.

ENTER

Ç

10. Highlight

Pipe

and press enter.



ENTER

Ç

11. Highlight

Outside

Diameter

and press enter.



Ê


Wall Thickness

Pipe Material


ENTER

Ç

12. Input the actual outside diameter and press enter.



Ê

Ê

PVDF

Stainless Steel 302/303

Stainless Steel 304

Stainless Steel 304L


ENTER

16. Highlight the actual

Pipe Material

and press enter.

ENTER

Ç

14. Input the actual wall thickness and press enter.



ENTER

Ç

15. Highlight

Pipe

Material

and press enter.





Transducer

Pipe

Liner

Fluid

ENTER

Ç

18. Highlight

Fluid

and press enter.



Metering Setup



Set Password...

Save

Save As ...


ENTER

Ç

ESC

22. Highlight

Save and

Activate

and press enter.

Speed of Sound in Fluid Type

ENTER

Ç

19. Highlight

Fluid Type

and press enter.

Custom

1, 1, 1, Trichloroethane

1-Propanal

Acetone (Dimethyl ketone, 2-Propanone)

Alcohol (Ethyl alcohol, Ethanol)

ENTER

20. Highlight the actual

Fluid Type

and press enter.





0.884416 inches (”V” Mount)


DONE

23. Position the

Transducers on the pipe and press Done.


Page 14

Setup Root Menu


Ê

Activate a Configuration Set

Ê


Ê


English (U.S. units)

Metric (SI units)


Ê

Master Password

Ê

Save Changes


Ê


Wall Thickness

Pipe Material

Ê

Speed of Sound in Liner material

Ê

Speed of Sound in Custom Fluid

Ê

Volume Units

Ê

Digits After Decimal Point

Ê

Volume Units

Ê


Ê

Ê

Flow Rate Averaging

Ê

High Flow Cutoff

Ê

Signal Output

Ê

Pulse Output

Ê

Log Interval

Ê

Log Totalizer Setpoint

Ê

Relay Channel #1

Ê

Monitor Flow Total

Ê

Flow Rate Alarm Settings

Ê

High Release

Ê

Low Release

Ê

Batch Dispense Settings

Ê

Batch Start Mode

Manual Batch Start

Auto (Proportional)

Ê

Ê


Ê


Ê

High Release

Ê

Low Release

Ê


Ê




Ê

Ê

Assign Relay

Ê


Ê


Ê

High Release

Ê

Low Release

Ê


Ê




Ê

Page 15

7

Install the transducers

An acoustic coupling material must be placed between the transducer and the pipe surface at the point where the sound waves enter the pipe.

TRANSDUCER

DOW 111 Silicone Grease

or

BLUE GASKET - Permenant installations. Recommended for metal pipes.

or

WHITE GASKET -

Temporary installations.

ACOUSTIC COUPLING MATERIAL INSTALLATION

TRANSDUCER

BOTTOM VIEW

Draw a centerline on the pipe parallel to the pipe center.

Place the first transducer onto the pipe. Locate the front arrow exactly over the first separation distance mark (A).

Place the transducer straight and parallel to the centerline.

CENTERLINE

A

B

CENTERLINE

CENTERLINE CENTERLINE

Secure the first transducer to the pipe using the pipe clamps.

The arrows on the front and rear of the transducers must point toward the centerline.

FRONT VIEW

ARROW ON CENTERLINE

REAR VIEW


A B

Locate the second transducer separation mark (B). Place the second transducer so that the front arrow is located exactly over the mark (B). Place the transducer straight and parallel to the centerline. Be sure that both transducers are facing each other and parallel to the pipe centerline.

Check that the separation distance is correct. Tighten the clamps equally.


A

Separation

Distance

ACOUSTIC

COUPLING

MOUNTING CLAMPS

B

8

Restart the meter

Press the SETUP button. The meter will enter the

SETUP

ROOT MENU

.

Creation and modification of the five available Configuration Sets and the Global Configuration settings can be made from this menu. If no changes are to be made, press

ESC

. The meter will re-start.

1 T 0.88 in.

[

¢

U.S. Gallons / min

U.S. Gallons

625.38

4345625.38

SETUP SWAP CLEAR

Setup Root Menu



ENTER

Ç


Page 16

3.1

Unpacking

3.2

Select a

Mounting

Location

!


3.0 Flowmeter SPU Installation

The Flowmeter is shipped in a carrying case. Inside the carrying case you will find the following items:

!

!

!

!

Flowmeter SPU (Signal Processing Unit)

Transducer Set

Enclosure Mounting Hardware

2 mounting plates

4 mounting plate screws (10-32 x .50”)

4 panel mount screws (8-32 x 3.00”)

2 wall mounting screws (#10 x 1.00”)

1 panel mounting gasket

1 pipe mounting clamp (maximum pipe diameter 10”)

Transducer Mounting Kit

6 blue gaskets (single use)

2 white gaskets (multi use)

4 transducer mounting clamps (maximum pipe diameter 10”)

!

!

Paper Instruction Manual (English)

Note that additional clamps can be purchased and connected for larger pipe diameters.

The flowmeter was designed to be installed and operated by qualified personnel only. Do not attempt to install or operate the meter if you are unsure. Seek qualified assistance.

Please note that warranty coverage does not include damage due to misuse or improper installation.

Select a mounting location for the SPU t hat is within reach of the transducer cables and power supply. The standard transducer cable length is 10 feet and must not be cut or modified. Note that the flowmeter can accurately measure flow from either direction.

Do not position the equipment so that it is difficult to disconnect the power supply cord.

The SPU can be mounted on a wall, on a horizontal or vertical run of pipe or in panel.

Although the meter is designed to withstand outdoor conditions. A cool, dry location, where the unit can be easily monitored is recommended. Special ventilation is not required.

3.3

Wall

Mounting


1) The SPU must be installed on a solid, secure surface

such as a

solid

wall, panel, wall studs, etc. DO NOT install the meter on drywall with anchor bolts.

2)

Measure and mark the distance between the keyhole slot centers as shown.

3)

4)

Drill two 5/32” diameter pilot holes.

Install the enclosed #10 x 1.00” screws into the wall. Leave the screw heads away from the panel surface approximately 1/4”.

Hang the SPU enclosure on the screws.

4.68 (119mm)

3.4

Panel

Mounting

1)

The SPU can be panel mounted.

Measure and cut an opening in the panel as shown.

2)

Remove the two mounting plates from the rear of the enclosure.

3)

Install the gasket onto the rear of the front panel of the SPU enclosure.

4)

Place the enclosure into the panel.

5)

Re-install the two mounting plates as shown.

6)

Thread the four 8-32 x 3.00” machine screws through each of the two outer tapped holes in the mounting plates.

Tighten the screws to secure the enclosure to the panel.

7.90” (200mm)

Mounting

Plates

Gasket

8-32 x 3.00”

Panel Screws

Panel

10.40”

(264mm)

Page 17

3.5

Pipe

Mounting

1)

The SPU can be mounted on horizontal or vertical pipe. The pipe must be secure and of sufficient strength to support the weight of the SPU.

2)

Install the two mounting plates onto the rear of the enclosure. For horizontal pipe mounting, install the mounting plates on the top and bottom plate cutouts. For vertical pipe mounting, install the mounting plates on the side plate cut-outs.

3)

Thread the long mounting clamp through the square cut-outs in the mounting plates as shown.

4)

Wrap the clamp around the pipe and tighten loosely. Be sure the pipe is seated in the pipe groove, then tighten securely.


Page 18

3.6

Select the

Measurement

Method

Open the front cover of the SPU. Position the Doppler/Transit-Time switch to the preferred operating mode (factory setting is transit time). Operate the meter in the

Transit Time mode (best accuracy) if the fluid contains little or no particles (up to 10% maximum). Operate the meter in the Doppler mode if the fluid to be measured contains more than 10% particles.

Doppler/Transti-Time Switch

3.7

Electrical

Connections

The transducer connections are pre-wired at the factory. If a main AC input power cord selection was made when ordering, the power cord and main AC power input connection is factory wired. When powering the meter by DC, a power cable for this purpose should be installed in one of the cable gland liquid-tight connectors. See section 3.8 below. The meter will automatically adjust for any main power input that is within the power requirements range of 110 to 240 volts AC or 15 to 30 volts DC. See the diagram below for wiring of output signals, communications signals and process control relays.


All high voltage connections in the front wiring compartment are considered “finger safe”. However, disconnect electricity to the meter and use care when connecting high voltage wires to the plug-in type terminal blocks.


There are

no user serviceable items

inside the rear meter enclosure. If it becomes necessary to open the back cover, be sure to disconnect the main power supply before opening the back cover of the enclosure.


The transducer cable length is fixed. Do not attempt to modify the length of the cables.

Various cable lengths are available from the factory. Contact the factory if you need assistance. Shielded cable is recommended for signal output connections.

TRANSDUCER

INPUTS

Tx 1 Tx 2

RS485

RS232

USB ETHERNET

COMMUNICATIONS

CONNECTOR PANEL

INDICATOR

LIGHTS

SETUP BUTTON

T D

MODE SWITCH

SIGNAL

OUTPUTS

FUSE

1A 250V (5x20mm) slow blow littlefuse 239001.XP

POWER INPUT mA Hz DC AC

SD CARD

DATA LOG

(REMOVE)

COM

NC

NO

COM

NC

NO

COM

NC

NO

R1

R2

R3



WIRING CONNECTIONS

WARNING

INPUT POWER LIMITS

AC INPUT

110~240Vac 50/60Hz-40W

DC INPUT

15~30 Vdc-40W


Page 19

Power Input

Terminal Block

1 2

Flow Meter

3 4 5

Positive

(+)

Negative

(-)

15 to 30 VDC

40 WATTS MAX

Line intput

Neutral input

110 to 240 VAC 50/60Hz

40 WATTS MAX

POWER INPUT CONNECTIONS

Flow Meter

Current output (4-20 mA)

Maximum load 1000 ohms

Flow Meter

Frequency output (0-1000 Hz)

Open Collector output, 50% duty cycle

Signal Output

Terminal Block

1 2 3 4 5

Current input

Current output

4-20mA receiver

Ground Frequency input

Digital Pulse Receiver

SIGNAL OUTPUT CONNECTIONS

5k

(Open Collector output

50% duty cycle)

5-30 VDC

3.8

Cable Gland

Liquid-Tight

Connections

The SPU wiring compartment is equipped with: six large liquid-tight cable gland connectors, two small liquid-tight cable gland connectors, and a communications cable liquid-tight cable gland grommet and plug.

To ensure that the SPU enclosure remains water-tight, the following cable glands should be used:

The

six large liquid-tight connectors

can be used with any cable diameter from .200 to .394 inches (5.1 to 10.0 mm). They are provided for:

1 each for the power input cable

2 each for the transducer cables

3 each for the process control relay connection cables

The

two small liquid-tight connectors

can be used with any cable diameter from .118 to .255 inches (3.0 to 6.5 mm). They are provided for:

1 each for the 4-20 mA output signal cable

1 each for the pulse output signal cable

The

communications cable grommet

can be used with any cable diameter from .190 to .205 inches. It is provided for any one of the following cable types:

USB cable

Ethernet Cable

RS-232 serial cable

RS-485 serial cable

The

blank grommet plug

should be used when the communications cable grommet is not required.


Page 20

4.1

Power On and

Self-Test

4.0 Overview of Flowmeter Operation

On application of power, the power LED (green) on the motherboard comes on and the flowmeter performs self-test functions. The approximate duration of self-test is 10 seconds. The flowmeter indicates that it is in the Self-Test State as follows:

Model 1:

the red and all four yellew LED indicator lights flash at 1 Hz.

Model 2:

as for Model 1, plus the LCD shows the firmware version number and the text “Self-Test ...”.

INDICATOR LIGHTS IN

SELF-TEST STATE


Firmware Version, B01.00.00

Self-test …

Model 3:

as for Model 2.

LCD DISPLAY

4.2

Below is a diagram of the flowmeter’s major operating states. The condition of the

Description of

motherboard LEDs is pictured under the name of each state. Transitions are annotated with their causes, which may be user actions via the motherboard controls and timeouts

Operating

(uppercase text), user actions using a display optionally fitted to the flowmeter, (italic

States and

text) or automatic transitions when a step is complete (in parentheses).

Controls

In the Self-Test state, the flowmeter checks the operation of internal circuitry, such as communication between the processor and its peripheral functions, Verify that all LEDs and the LCD display, if fitted, are working properly. Do not press any buttons during self-test.

If an error condition is detected during self-test, the flowmeter enters the Faulted State.

Failure of the LEDs, LCD display, and the display touch-pad are not internally detectable.

If self-test completes without error, the flowmeter enters the Startup State.

Note that completion of self-test does not guarantee that the flowmeter is properly configured and able to make accurate measurements.

Power ON

(pass)

(fail)

SELF-TEST

(complete)

HOLD SETUP

FOR

3 SECONDS

STARTUP STATE

TAP SETUP BUTTON or

TIME OUT (5 minutes) or

press “ESC” button

TAP SETUP

BUTTON

7 SECOND

TIME OUT

FAULTED STATE ZERO CALIBRATION

(fail)

TAP SETUP

BUTTON or

press

“DONE” button

TAP SETUP

BUTTON or

Activate a configuration

SETUP MODE

(fail)

TAP SETUP BUTTON or

FLIP DOPPLER / TT

MODE SWITCH

TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

SONIC-PRO OPERATING STATES

RUN MODE

(fail)


4.3

Startup

State

Page 21

When power is applied, the flowmeter enters the Startup state. In the Startup State, the flowmeter waits for up to 7 seconds for the Setup button to be pressed at which time the

Setup mode is entered and changes to the configuration can be made. If the setup button is not pressed, the flowmeter will enter the Run Mode and attempt to start flow measurement. If the transducers are not installed on the pipe, a fault will occur. The location of the Setup button is as follows:

Model 1:

a push-button switch on the controller motherboard.

SETUP BUTTON (white)

Model 2:

Model 3:

as for Model 1.

as for Model 2, plus a SETUP soft button appears on the display.

TRANSDUCER

INPUTS

Tx 1 Tx 2

INDICATOR

LIGHTS

SETUP BUTTON

SIGNAL

OUTPUTS mA Hz

FUSE

1A 250V (5 x 20)

POWER INPUT

DC AC

T D

MODE SWITCH

SD CARD

DATA LOG

(REMOVE)

RS485

RS232

USB ETHERNET

COMMUNICATIONS

CONNECTOR PANEL

COM

NC

NO

COM

NC

NO

COM

NC

NO

R1

R2

R3



CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT

WARNING

INPUT POWER

LIMITS

AC INPUT

96VAC - 264VAC

50/60 Hz

DC INPUT

15 to 30 VDC


The flowmeter indicates that it is in the Startup State as follows:

Model 1:

the Fault (red) LED is OFF and all yellow LEDs are at first ON and then turn OFF one by one, starting at LED1, at intervals of 1.5 seconds, so as to count down the 7 second pause.

Model 2:

as for Model 1, plus the display screen indicates:

Startup ...

Tap Setup to enter Setup Mode

Hold Setup for Zero Calibration

Configuration set #

(Searching for SD Card)

Below this, a “progress bar” counts off the 7 second delay.

Model 3:

as for Model 2, plus the SETUP soft button is available.

MODEL 1



Startup …

Tap Setup to enter Setup

Hold Setup for Zero Calibration


(Searching for SD Card)

[

£

]

MODEL 2



Startup …

Tap Setup to enter Setup

Hold Setup for Zero Calibration


(Searching for SD Card)

[ ]

SETUP

MODEL 3


Page 22

4.4

Setup

(Configuration)

Mode

From the

Setup

mode, a zero calibration can be performed or, if equipped with either the full function display (Model 3) or the optional Communications software, the

Setup Root

Menu

system can be entered and the meter can be configured. The operations that can be performed in the

Setup Root Menu

are fully described in section 5.0.

The

Setup Mode

can be entered in two ways:

1) Tap the

SETUP

button on the motherboard, the display touch-pad, or on the user PC

Communications Software.

2) Flip the Doppler/Transit Time switch.

Note: the meter must be in the Startup State or in the Run Mode to enter the Setup Mode.

The flowmeter indicates that it is in the

Setup Mode

as follows:

Model 1:

two outer yellow LEDs flash at 1

Hz.

Model 2:


Setup Mode...

SETUP MODE



Setup …

Model 3:

as for Model 2, plus the

Setup

Root Menu

appears.

MODEL 2

Setup Root Menu




ENTER

Ç

MODEL 3

The flowmeter will remain in the

Setup Mode

until one of the following actions occur:

1)

A Configuration Set is activated from the Setup Root Menu.

2)

Either

t

he full function display (Model 3) or the optional Communications software is required for this action.

The user “escapes” from this state.

3)

The user can escape to the Startup state by: a)

Hold

the

SETUP

button on the motherboard for three seconds. b)

Tap

the

SETUP

button on the motherboard once (resulting in entering the

Transducer Positioning state) and

tap

again (resulting in entering the Startup c) state).

Press the

ESC

button on the full function display (Model 3) or on the optional

Communications software.

Note that if the user escapes, the currently active configuration set will re-activate.

Five minutes passes without user action.

4.5

Transducer

Positioning

State

Page 23

In the

Transducer Positioning State

, the flowmeter waits for the transducers to be correctly positioned on the pipe.

When operated in the Transit Time measurement mode, the separation distance of the transducers is computed by the flowmeter from the information in the

Transducer

Setup

branch of the

Configuration Menu

. The correct separation distance is dependent on the pipe OD, pipe wall thickness, pipe type and chosen mounting mode. If the Doppler measurement mode is selected (by the motherboard switch), the separation of the transducers (along the pipe axis) is always zero.

When factory configured, the separation distance and mounting mode is printed on the serial label. The separation distance will also be displayed on the LCD display or on the optional communications PC software, in either inches or millimeters depending on the


chosen in


. If the meter has not been factory configured, or if a new configuration is required, the pipe OD, pipe wall thickness, pipe type, fluid type and chosen mounting mode configuration data must be input before proceeding. See section 5.3 for instructions on how to create or modify a configuration.

If the flowmeter has neither an LCD display nor a connected user

PC Software

application, then the Configuration information cannot be changed by the user so the separation of the transducers will not change from the factory setting.


Transducer Positioning State

as follows:

Model 1:

two center yellow LEDs flash at 1

Hz.

Model 2:

as for Model 1, plus the screen presents instructions to the user as shown.

TRANSDUCER

POSITIONING STATE





2.489416 inches (”W” Mount)

Model 3:

as for Model 2.


DONE

You must acknowledge that the transducers are correctly positioned by either pressing the

SETUP

button on the motherboard or the

DONE

soft button on the display, if fitted.

The flowmeter will then return to the

Startup

state, see section 4.3 above, from which you can again enter

Setup Mode

or perform

Zero Calibration

or, by allowing the 7 second timeout to elapse, let the flowmeter enter

Run Mode

and begin flow measurement.


Page 24

4.6

Zero

Calibration

State

If the Transit Time measurement mode is selected, a zero calibration should be performed if possible. There must be no movement of fluid in the pipe during the calibration. It is not necessary to perform zero calibration if Doppler measurement mode is selected, however it is harmless and will have no effect on the measurement.

In the Zero Calibration State, the flowmeter measures and records the apparent rate of fluid flow to offset measurements in Run Mode and compensate for any zero flow error.

This information is associated and stored with the active Configuration Set and survives power loss and restarts. If a new Configuration Set is made activate, it will have its own zero calibration information. Therefore, the calibration must be performed after the configuration is created and saved. Although the zero calibration is not required, positive or negative zero offset reading error may result if the calibration is not performed.

The approximate duration of zero calibration is 15 to 20 seconds. There must be no movement of fluid in the pipe. Do not perform zero calibration if it is not possible to establish zero fluid flow in the pipe. If there is flow during zero calibration, then flow measurement in Run Mode will be inaccurate. The only means provided to cancel zero calibration or to undo its effect is to perform another zero calibration.

Zero calibration must be started while in the Startup State by holding down the SETUP button for at least 3 seconds. The Startup State may be entered by power cycling the flowmeter or upon exit from the Setup Mode or Transducer Positioning state. With either the Model S3 display or the optional Communications Board and a connected Host PC, the Setup Mode can be activated directly from the Run Mode by pressing the SETUP button and then the pressing the ESC button.

On completion of zero calibration, the flowmeter returns to the Startup State and will again wait for up to 7 seconds for the Setup button to be pressed.

The flowmeter indicates that it is in the Zero Calibration State as follows:

Model 1:

one yellow LED flashes at 1 Hz

Model 2:


Zero Calibration ...

Below this, a “progress bar” counts off the

15 to 20 second delay.

¢ ¢

INDICATOR LIGHTS DURING

ZERO FLOW CALIBRATION


¢ ¢ ¢

]

Firmware Version, B01.00.00

Zero Calibration …

£ £ £ £ £ £ £ ¢

[

Model 3:

as for Model 2.

MODEL 2 and MODEL 3


4.7

Run

Mode

Page 25

In the

Run Mode

, the flowmeter performs flow measurement, updates the 4 to 20 mA and pulse signal outputs, displays and logs data and performs process control actions according to the active configuration.

The flowmeter indicates that it is in the Run Mode as follows:

Model 1:

Yellow LEDs indicate the present

“Goodness of Measurement”.

one light = poor quality four lights = best quality

INDICATOR LIGHTS DISPLAYING

GOODNESS OF MEASUREMENT

Model 2:

as for Model 1, plus the

Run

Mode

screen appears, including an indication of “Goodness of Measurement” on the top line and the calculated speed of sound in the fluid if in Transit Time measurement mode.

Model 3:

as for Model 2 (see section 1.7 for some minor differences between Model 2 and 3 displays).

1 T 2.46 in.

1480 [

¢

U.S. Gallons / min

U.S. Gallons

625.38

4345625.38

Relay #3 Relay #1 Relay #2

Active off Alarm

SETUP SWAP CLEAR


RELAY

The flowmeter remains in the

Run Mode

until it is powered down, the user takes an action to go to Setup Mode or, exceptionally, an error occurs and the flowmeter goes to the

Faulted State

. The user can command the flowmeter to

Setup Mode

by pressing the motherboard setup button or changing the position of the measurement mode switch between Transit Time and Doppler. If the

Model 3 Display

or the

Communications

PC Software

is connected, the user can additionally press the

SETUP

soft button.

For a complete description of

Run Mode

operation, see section 7 below.

4.8

Fault and

Warning

Error Codes

The flowmeter enters the Faulted or Warning State if:

1) The flowmeter self-test fails.

2) A configuration error is detected on exit from

Setup Mode.

3) An error condition occurs during flow measurement in

Run Mode

or

Zero

Calibration

.

Faults

and

Warnings

will be identified by two-digit error codes.

!

A

Fault

will cause the meter to discontinue flow measurement. Note that the 4-20mA analog output signal and 0-1000 Hz pulse output signal sets to the minimum values (fail

!

safe low), and all relays will respond as if in a zero flow condition.

A

Warning

will not interrupt flow measurement, output signals, or relay functions.

The fault LED will flash at a rate of 2 pulses per second (ON for 250 ms and OFF for 250 ms) to count out the first digit of the error code, will then stay OFF for 1.25 second, will then flash again at a rate of 2 pulses per second to count out the second digit and then stay OFF for 5 seconds. The code will repeat.

The digit 0 will not be used, so that 81 codes are available. The errors that can occur and their assigned codes are listed below.

Example: 8 flashes >>> 1.25 second pause >>> 1 flash >>> 5 second pause = Fault 81


Page 26

4.8

Fault and

Warning Error

Codes (cont.)


Faulted State

as follows:

Model 1:

The Fault LED (red) flashes to identify the error (note that this LED is on the motherboard and the wiring access door must be opened to see it) . All yellow LEDs are off.

Model 2:

as for Model 1, plus the error code appears in the upper right hand corner of the

Run Mode

display screen.

INDICATOR LIGHTS IN

SELF-TEST STATE

1 T 2.46 in.

FAULT

[

£

Attempting Correction.....

F15

15

Model 3:

as for Model 2.


The

Faulted state

will attempt to self correct, however, if the error is due to a configuration problem such as impossible pipe geometries, the configuration error must be corrected before the fault condition will clear. Repositioning the transducers may be required before the fault can correct itself. A fault that is caused by an empty pipe condition, excessive air or particles in the fluid, or other such flow stream disturbances will self correct when the flow stream returns to an acceptable condition.

The Fault and Warning codes and their respective numbers are listed below. See the troubleshooting guide in the index of this manual for more information about correcting for errors.

Fault Codes

F15

Transit Time: Burst onset not detected

F13

F19

F81

F91

Transit Time: Measured sound speed exceeded the configured allowable limit

Improbable flow rate over 40 feet per second (12 meters per second)

Receive signal too weak or absent during burst accusation

Impossible pipe geometries

Warning Codes

W11

W12

W13

W16

W17

W18

W37

Receive signal near lower limit of operation

Receive signal too strong

Transit Time: Measured sound speed exceeded the configured allowable limit

Transit Time: Burst onset not detected

Transit Time: Periodic burst onset detection has large decrease in confidence

Transit Time: Large gain in periodic receiver gain adjustment detected

Improbable scaling offset (e.g. less than 0.5 or greater than 2.0)

The user can configure a fluid sound speed limit value. This feature can be used to monitor the fluid and alert the user to changes in fluid density. Should the measured sound speed be greater then the acceptable percentage of error, error code 13 will be recorded. Error code 13 can be configured to result in either a fault condition or a warning condition. The default setting is recorded as a fault. See section 5.4.3 for more information on this feature.


5.1

Menu

Navigation

Page 27

5.0 Setup (Configuration) Mode

The Setup (configuration) Mode screens are available on the Model 3 only. However, if the communications option is included, any of the models 1, 2 or 3 can access the setup mode by using the PC Software Application.

The function of the soft buttons for menu navigation is as follows: the highlighted item:

!

Select the item.

!

!

If an editable value, edit the value.

If the item has options, show the options.

!

If the item is a selectable option, choose it and move one place back up the menu tree.

New Configuration Set

Metering Setup

Ê

Volume Units

Ê Ç

U.S. Barrels Liquid

U.S. Barrels Oil

Pounds

Kilograms

È È

ENTER

Ç

ESC

Move one place back up the menu tree, abandoning any change at the current position. If this soft button is pressed at the top level of a menu, leave the menu entirely, abandoning all unsaved changes.

The function of the soft buttons and their labels will change when editing values, such as numbers and passwords, and this is described in the following sections.

If the flowmeter enters

Setup Mode

and no input of any sort is received for a period of 5 minutes, then it will return to the S

tartup State

, from which the user can re-enter the

Setup Mode

, if desired.

5.1.1

Setup Root

Menu

The

Setup Root Menu

is shown at right.

From this screen, the user can

Manage


and edit certain


items.

Setup Root Menu



5.1.2

Escaping From

Setup

The flowmeter stores up to five sets of configuration item values, called

“Configuration Sets”, which are numbered from 1 to 5.

ENTER

Ç

If the

ESC

soft button is pressed repeatedly to go back up in a menu until the top level is reached and is then pressed one time more, the flowmeter “escapes” from the

Setup

Mode

directly to the

Startup State

and from there to the

Run Mode

, as described in section 4.4 above. The

Configuration Set

used is the same as was previously selected. If no changes were made to

this

Set, for example if a different


was changed, the flowmeter will operate exactly as before. However, if the

active

Set has been opened, edited and saved, then the changes will take effect

without the re-calculation of internal parameters

and therefore the flowmeter may not operate correctly.


Page 28

5.2

Global

Configuration

Setup Root Menu



Setup Root Menu


Master Password

Date and Time

Save Changes

ENTER

Ç

ENTER

Ç

Under the


menu item, you can change communications settings, enter and/or change the Master Password, set the date and time, and saving the changes.

The


settings apply to the flowmeter as a whole and are not associated with numbered


. Changes take effect when you highlight

Save Changes

and press the ENTER soft button. The

Setup Root Menu

then reappears. This may disrupt communication, depending on what changes have been made.

Any changes are lost if the flowmeter loses power before the changes are saved or the user presses the

ESC

soft button until the

Setup Root Menu

returns to the top level and then one more press.

The following sub-sections explain further what happens when you highlight a choice and acts on it by pressing the

ENTER

soft button.

5.2.1

Communication

Settings

Selecting the

Communications Settings

menu allows you to:

!

!

!

Set the RS-232 bit rate

Set the RS-485 bit rate and slave node address

Set the Ethernet IP address, subnet mask, default router and UDP port number of the flowmeter

Setup Root Menu



Ê

RS-485

Ethernet

RS-232 and RS-485 will always use 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and no flow control. These settings are not configurable.

ENTER

Ç

Selecting the Ethernet menu allows you to:

!

!

!

!

Set the Ethernet IP address (the default IP Address is 192.100.100.23)

Set the subnet mask

Set the default router

Set UDP (Universal Data Port) port number of the flowmeter (typically set at 26000)

Setup Root Menu



Ê

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Default Router

UDP Port Number

ENTER


5.2.2

Master

Password

Page 29

On selecting this action, you are prompted to supply a Master Password.

The master password is “empty” when shipped from the factory. The first time user may enter any master password.

Once entered, this master password can be used to enter

ANY configuration, as if no other passwords are present.

Once a

Master Password

has been entered, upon selecting this action, you will be prompted to supply the

Master

Password

.

If this is done incorrectly, the flowmeter returns to the

Setup Root

Menu

. If it is done correctly, you are given the choices of changing the

Master

Password

or returning to the

Setup Root

Menu.

If you elect to change the

Master

Password,

you must enter it twice. You will receive confirmation of the change or, if the two entries were not the same, the password


Ê

12345

ENTER

Setup Root Menu

Ç

ESC

will not change and, in either case you are returned to the

Setup Root Menu

. Whether the

Master Password

is changed or not, on return to the

Setup Root Menu

, you will not need to enter passwords for the duration of the current

Setup Mode

session.

Wherever a password is required, the

Master Password

will be accepted. Therefore, knowing the

Master Password

lets you do anything. In particular, you can overwrite

“forgotten” passwords. Knowing just the password of a single


lets you edit, activate or delete only that set.

5.2.3

Setting the Date and Time

On selecting this action, you are able to change date and time settings. Each digit can be set in the same way as for numerical data, see section 6.3.1.1 below.

Setup Root Menu


Date and Time

2008/01/01 00:18:03

The flowmeter uses date and time information to time stamp log entries, see section 7.6 below. There is no explicit means to set the time zone or daylight savings time. The clock must be manually set forwards or backwards as appropriate.

The meter includes a coin cell battery to

ENTER

Ç

ESC

maintain the date and time settings in the event of a power failure (Type CR1632, 3V

16mm 126mAh). The battery should last for years of operation. The battery is located on the main circuit board. Contact the factory if the battery must be replaced.

5.2.4

Saving Changes

Save changes before escaping from the

Global Configuration menu. If the

ESC

soft button is pressed repeatedly to go back up in a menu until the top level is reached and is then pressed one time more without saving the changes, the flowmeter “escapes” from the

Setup Mode

directly to the

Startup

State

and from there to the

Run Mode.

Setup Root Menu


Master Password

Date and Time

Save Changes

ENTER

Ç


Page 30

5.3

Manage

Configuration

Sets

Under the


menu item, the user is offered actions to manage these Sets in much the same way as files on a computer.

Activate a Configuration Set

allows the user to apply a Configuration Set to the flowmeter, which will then enter Run Mode and operate according to the configuration information in that Set plus the setting of the motherboard measurement mode switch.

Setup Root Menu





ENTER

Ç

5.3.1

Activate a

Configuration

Set

5.3.2

Open a

Configuration

Set

5.3.3

Create a New

Configuration

Set

5.3.4

Delete a

Configuration

Set


allows the user to inspect and edit a Configuration

Set, reset it to the Factory Configuration, save changes to it, save it to a different Set, etc.


begins a fresh Configuration Set, starting from the pre-set Factory Configuration.


removes a Configuration Set from the flowmeter.

Similar to operating on files in a computer, the editing of a


takes place in a temporary location called the “Working” Set. This must be saved by the user, either back to where it came from or to a different numbered Set, otherwise it will be lost if the flowmeter loses power or the user escapes from Setup Mode.

On selecting this action, a list of the pre-saved


will be shown. The press the ENTER soft button to activate that Set. The flowmeter then exits the

Setup

Mode

to the

Transducer Positioning

Setup Root Menu

State

and eventually the

Startup State


and then to the

Run Mode

where it will perform flow measurement using the configuration data of that

Set

.



The

Setup Root Menu

will return to the screen without the activation of a


if the user fails to supply a password (if required), or presses the

ESC

soft button twice.

ENTER

Ç

This action is similar to

Activate a Saved Configuration Set

in that the user is able to select and open a valid


. On pressing the

ENTER

soft button and supplying a password if necessary, the selected


will be loaded into the

Working Set

and the

Configuration Edit Menu

will appear. From this screen, the user can navigate to and edit configuration items.

On selecting this action, the pre-set

Factory Configuration

data will be loaded into the

Working Set

and the


will appear. The banner will read


. From this screen, you can navigate to and edit configuration items and save the configuration to a numbered Set.

Deleting a


starts out the same as

Activate a Saved


. On pressing the

ENTER

soft button and supplying a password if necessary, the


number and data will be deleted. Note that new configuration data can now be saved to that numbered set). If all


are deleted, the flowmeter will operate according to the


.


Page 31

5.4

Configuration

Edit

Menu

The


appears if a new


is created or if an existing


is successfully opened. The banner on the top line identifies the configuration as


or


, etc. Note that any changes made are held in a temporary “working”


and are not stored to a numbered Set until the user explicitly selects this operation.

From here, the user can:

!

Inspect and

Edit

the

Working


!

Reset everything to the

Factory

Configuration

!

Create, change or delete the

Configuration Set Password

!

Save the

Working Configuration Set

to a numbered


!

Activate

the Set after saving it to a numbered


!

Abandon edits and return to the

Setup

Root Menu



Metering Setup



Set Password...

Save

Save As ...


ENTER

Ç

The

Working Configuration set

cannot be directly activated. It must first be saved (to a numbered Set). Actions do not appear in the menu if they are inappropriate (for example,

Save

and


do not appear for a new Set until it is saved to a

Numbered Set)

.

5.4.1

Editing Data

Items

There are two possible ways to change editable data in the flowmeter. From the user PC software, decimal digits can be typed directly. From the flowmeter, the user is limited to the five soft buttons. Data is not available for editing in Model 1 and Models 2 without the user PC Software application.

5.4.1.1

Editing Numerical

Values

If you press the

ENTER

soft button when the highlight is on a leaf item that has a editable value (rather than a list of choices), you can then edit the value, one digit at a time. The current value is displayed to an appropriate precision and the leftmost digit is highlighted (see example below).

the highlighted digit can be increased by one for each press. Upon reaching 9, it wraps to

0. Using the and soft

Buttons, the highlight can be moved to the left or right one digit at a time. The highlight skips non-editable positions, such as the decimal point. If the highlight is moved beyond the leftmost digit, a new digit will appear with the value 0. If this digit is not changed before the highlight is moved back to the right, it will be removed. A


Metering Setup

Ê

Pulse Output

ENTER

Ç

ESC

similar procedure can be used to add zeros to the right of the number, but only if the number is a real number (contains a decimal point).

When the

ENTER

soft button is pressed, the currently displayed value becomes the new value of the item being edited and the menu system moves one place back, appearing as it did before the edit began. If the

ESC

soft button is pressed, then the menu system also moves one place back but the value of the item is not changed and remains as it was before the edit.


Page 32

5.4.1.2

Entering Passwords using the Soft Buttons

All passwords must contain 5 digits. Each of the five soft buttons represent 2 digits. The numbers 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are interchangeable with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 (respectively), so only five choices are needed to enter any digit from 0 thru 9. Entering the number 00000

(55555) effectively cancels the password input or deletes an existing the password.

Setup Root Menu



Ê





If you are prompted to supply a password and fail to do so within 30 seconds, the flowmeter reacts as if an incorrect password was entered.

Enter Password

0 / 5 1 / 6

[

2 / 7 3 / 8 4 / 9

When setting or changing a password, the password must be entered a second time to avoid entry errors. If the two entries to not match, the password will not be changed. To remove password protection, you can take the normal action to set a password and then delete it by e ntering the number 00000 (55555) effectively deleting the password . You are then no longer prompted to enter the password but are instead immediately given access to the protected data.

5.4.1.3

Units of Measure

Many data items must be entered with reference to a specific unit of measure.

In the

Metering Setup

branch of the


(see section 5.4.3 below), you are able to specify three different units of measure; two relating to

rate

of flow ( Flow Rate Volume Units & Flow Rate Time Units) and one relating to

total

flow

( Flow Total Volume Units) . Thus, rate of flow units can be configured for GPM and total flow units can be configured for U.S. Barrels Liquid.

Note that total units do not include time as a variable.

When entering data in the

Metering Setup

and the


screens , any value associated with

rate

of flow must be entered in the

rate of flow

units of measure that is currently configured at the time the data entry takes place. Any value associated with the

total

flow must be entered in the

total flow

units of measure configured at the time the data entry takes place. This requirement does not apply to values in the


branch, (such as pipe sizes) which are governed by a separate selection of units of measure (see section 5.4.2 below). When entering data by making a selection from a list, it is not necessary to be aware of the units of measure in force.

For example, if in Flow Rate Volume Units you chose U.S. Gallons and in Flow Rate

Time Units you chose Hours, then Log Rate Setpoints must be entered in U.S. Gallons per Hour. Similarly, if in Flow Total Volume Units you chose U.S. Barrels Liquid, Log

Total Setpoints must be entered in U.S. barrels liquid.

If the configured units of measure are changed, all editable data item displays will automatically change to the new units, but they will represent the same actual quantities. This happens because the flowmeter converts and stores these data values in

SI units.


5.4.2

Transducer

Setup

Page 33

The


branch of the


allows you to establish the fundamental parameters of the flow meter, including the ultrasonic transducers, the pipe to which they are mounted, the liner inside the pipe, if any, and the fluid flowing in the pipe.




Transducer

Pipe

Liner

Fluid

Using information entered here, the flowmeter calculates many “engineering” parameters that are critical to accurate measurement. This is done when a

ENTER

Ç


is “activated”, but not when a user exits

Setup Mode

by “escaping”

(for example, after the five minute timeout). Note that changes in this area of configuration followed by an escape from

Setup Mode

may cause the flowmeter to display incorrect flow information.

Under the


branch, the following actions are available:


allows you to specify whether dimensions will be entered in inches and the speed of sound in feet-persecond (English) or dimensions will be entered in millimeters and the speed of sound in meters-per-second (Metric). This choice and all entered numbers must be consistent when a Set is activated. If, for example, the pipe diameter is entered as

2.00 when English units are selected but the choice is then changed to Metric, it is necessary to go back and enter 50.8 as the pipe diameter or the flowmeter will attempt to configure itself for a pipe which is only 2 millimeters across (and will fault).



Ê

English (U.S. units)

Metric (SI units)

ENTER

Ç

Transducer --> Model Number

allows you to specify the model number of the transducer pair used. You should not change this setting unless you use a different transducer pair from that originally supplied. The transducer model number (A00 through

A20) is printed on the transducer housing.



Ê

Model Number

Mount Method

Transducer --> Mount Method

allows you to specify the transducer mount method used

ENTER

Ç when the meter is set for Transit Time measurement mode. The options are “Z” mount

(transducers on opposite sides of the pipe, no reflections of the sound wave on the pipe wall), “N” mount (transducers on opposite sides of the pipe, two reflections of the sound wave on the pipe wall), “V” mount (transducers on the same side of the pipe, one reflection from the far wall), “W” mount (transducers on the same side of the pipe, two reflections from the far wall). See section 6.0.

Pipe Outside Diameter

allows you to specify the outside diameter of the pipe.

Pipe --> Wall Thickness

allows you to specify the thickness of the pipe wall. From this and the outside diameter, the flowmeter calculates the inside diameter and hence the cross-sectional area of the pipe. This is critical to converting the measured velocity of the fluid to a volumetric flow.


Page 34

5.4.2

Transducer

Setup

(continued)

Pipe --> Pipe material

allows you to select from a list the material from which the pipe is made. This tells the flowmeter the speedof-sound in the pipe wall. The user can also select

Custom Pipe Material

in the list and use the

Pipe --> Speed of Sound in Custom

Material

to enter the speed-of-sound directly.

This alternative should be used if the correct pipe material is not in the list offered.

Liner --> Wall Thickness

allows you to specify the thickness of any liner inside the pipe. If there is no liner in the pipe, it should be set to zero.



Ê

Pipe Material

PVDF

Stainless Steel 302/303


Stainless Steel 304L

È

ENTER

Ç

5.4.3

Metering

Setup

Liner --> Speed of Sound

allows you to specify the speed-of-sound in the liner material.

If there is no liner in the pipe, it is not necessary to set this as it will be ignored.

Fluid --> Fluid Type

allows you to select the type of fluid in the pipe from a list. This tells the flowmeter the speed-of-sound in the fluid. The user can also select

Custom Fluid

Type


Fluid --> Speed of Sound in Custom Fluid

to enter the speed-of-sound directly. This alternative should be used if the correct fluid or fluid/temperature combination is not in the list offered.

The

Metering Setup

branch of the


allows you to select how the flowmeter will display, record and otherwise process flow measurements, including the units of measure, averaging, frequency of update, scaling at signal outputs and logging.

Changes in this area of configuration affect only the way in which the flowmeter presents flow information on the display, at output signals and in logging. This will not

ENTER

cause the flowmeter to make incorrect flow measurements.


Metering Setup

Totalizer

Display

Signal Output

Data Logging

SOS Alarm

Ç

Under the

Metering Setup

branch, the following actions are available:

Flow Rate --> Volume Units

allows you to specify the units of measure in which flow rates are displayed and written to log entries. You can also select

Custom Volume

Units


Flow Rate -->

Custom Volume Unit

per U.S. Gallon to enter the equivalent of one U.S. Gallon in that unit. This alternative should be used if the desired unit of measure is not in the list offered.


Metering Setup

Ê

Volume Units

Ounces

U.S. Barrels Liquid

U.S. Barrels Oil

Cubic Feet

Acre Feet

ENTER

Ç

Flow Rate --> Time Units

allows you to select the time part of the units of measure for flow rates. The options available are seconds, minutes, hours and days.


Flow Rate --> Digits After Decimal Point

allows you to specify how many digits appear after the decimal point when flow rate is displayed on the Run Mode screen.

5.4.3

Metering

Setup

(continued)

Page 35

Flow Total --> Volume Units

allows you to specify the units of measure in which flow totals are displayed and written to log entries. This is independent of the units of measure for flow rates, so that the flow rate units of measure mey be different than the flow total units. As for

Flow Rate

, a custom unit of measure can be specified.

Flow Total --> Digits After Decimal Point

allows you to specify how many digits appear after the decimal point when flow total is displayed on the Run Mode screen.


Metering Setup

Ê

Volume Units


Total Display Function

ENTER

Ç

Flow Total --> Total Display Function

allows you to enable or disable the clearing of the recorded total flow using the

CLEAR

soft button on the display in

Run Mode

and also the clearing of batch counts and totals on

Process Control Screens

.

Display --> Display Language

allows you to select the natural language of display text.

The choices offered are English, Spanish,

German and French.

Display --> Flow Rate Averaging

allows you to select the time interval over which flow rate measurements are averaged before presentation to the display, signal outputs, process control, logging, etc. The choices offered are 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.50, 5.00 and

10.00 seconds. Longer values result in


Metering Setup

Ê

Display Language

Flow Rate Averaging

Display Update

Low Flow Cutoff


Scaling Offset

ENTER

Ç higher accuracy and a more stable display but a slower response to changes in flow rate.

The Flow total value is not affected by flow rate averaging setting.

Display --> Display Update

allows you to select the time interval between the presentation of new flow information to the display, signal outputs, process control, logging, etc. The choices offered are 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.50 and 5.00 seconds. Both flow rate and flow total are affected.

Display --> Low Flow Cutoff

allows you to specify a flow rate below which the actual measured value is replaced by zero. When factory configured, a flow rate equal to approximately .25 feet per second is set.

Display --> High Flow Cutoff

allows you to specify a high rate above which the actual measured value is replaced by the cutoff value. When factory configured, a flow rate equal to approximately 30 feet per second is set.

Display --> Scaling Offset

allows you to specify a scaling factor, which would generally be close to one, by which measured flow is multiplied. If required, this value can be used to quickly adjust for errors in the flow rate reading after a field calibration has been performed.


Page 36

5.4.3

Metering

Setup

(continued)

Signal Output --> Analog Output

allows you to specify the mapping of flow rate to the current value at the 4 to 20 mA analog output signal. The mapping is specified by two points on a straight line.

Signal Output --> Pulse Output

allows you to specify the mapping of flow rate to the frequency of pulses at the digital output signal. The mapping is specified by two points on a straight line.

Data Logging --> Log Interval

allows you to specify a regular periodic interval in seconds, at which flow rate and flow total will be recorded in a log entry. The factory default setting is 180 seconds. (see section

7.6 below for more on data logging).

Data Logging --> Log Rate Setpoint

allows you to specify upper and lower flow rates which, when crossed, will result in log entries being generated.

Data Logging --> Log Total Setpoint

allows you to specify five total flow values at which log entries will be generated.

SOS Alarm --> Percent Error Window

allows you to define the percentage of fluid sound speed change that is acceptable before an error alarm is triggered. The default value is 10%. See the index at the back of this manual for fluid sound speed data.

SOS Alarm --> Error Type

allows you to define the type of error that will result when the measured fluid sound speed has exceeded the limit window. When

Warning

is selected, the meter will log and display a warning and flow measurement will continue. When

Fault

is selected, the meter will log and display a fault condition, flow measurement will cease, and the meter will enter the faulted state. See section 4.8 for information on faults and warnings.

Metering Setup

Ê

Analog Output

Pulse Output

ENTER


Metering Setup

Data Logging

Log Interval

ENTER


Metering Setup

Ê

Percent Error Window

Error Type

ENTER


Ç

Ç


Metering Setup

Ê

Percent Error Window

ENTER

Ç


Metering Setup

Ê

Error Type

Warning

ENTER

Ç


5.4.4

Process

Control

Setup

The


branch of the

Configuration Edit Menu allows you to assign each of the three Relay Channels to monitor either the flow rate, flow total, error codes, or be disabled and also to establish appropriate process control settings.

For a detailed description of the flowmeter

Process Control functions and the precise effect of each setting briefly presented here, see section 8 below.

ENTER



Ê

Assign Relay


Monitor Error Codes

Disabled

Ç

Under the


branch, sub-branches appear for each of the three Relay Channels.

Under the sub-branch for each Relay Channel, the following actions are available:

Page 37

Assign Relay

allows you to assign the channel to monitor flow rate, flow total, error codes or to be disabled.

Flow Rate Alarm Settings --> High Trigger

allows you to enter a flow rate at and above which the channel will generate an alarm condition.

Flow Rate Alarm Settings --> High Release

gives you the option of entering a flow rate at which an alarm condition generated by reaching the high trigger value will automatically clear.

Flow Rate Alarm Settings --> Low Trigger

allows you to enter a flow rate at and below which the channel will generate an alarm condition.

Flow Rate Alarm Settings --> Low Release

gives you the option of entering a flow rate at which an alarm condition generated by reaching the low trigger value will automatically clear.



Ê

Assign Relay

Ê



Ê

Flow rate Alarm Settings

High Release

Low Trigger

Low Release

Alarm Delay Time

Batch Dispensing Settings

Error Trigger Settings

ENTER

Ç

ENTER

Ç

Flow Rate Alarm Settings --> Alarm Delay Time

gives you the option of entering a delay after the detection of an alarm condition during which the relay is prevented from energizing, giving the operator a chance to correct the condition.


Page 38

5.4.4

Process Control

Setup

(continued)

Batch Dispensing Settings --> Default

Batch Amount

allows you to set a default batch volume for the relay channel. On the

Process Control

run screen for this channel, the user is able to change the batch volume. Values edited on that screen are not saved in the


and the default will be restored if the flowmeter restarts.



Ê

Batch Dispensing Settings

Ê


Relay Timer

Batch Dispensing Settings --> Batch Start

Mode

allows you to select the batch start mode to be manual (the relay is manually

ENTER

Ç energized by pressing the front panel soft button, remains energized until the batch amount has passed through the flowmeter and then de-energizes) or automatic (every time the batch amount is observed to pass through the flowmeter, the relay energizes for a configured time and then de-energizes).

Batch Dispensing Settings --> Relay Timer

allows you to specify the time for which the relay energizes for each batch in automatic batch start mode.

Error Trigger Settings --> Type of Trigger

allows you to specify the type or error that will trigger an alarm and energize the relay.

Faults and warnings are described in



Ê

Error Trigger Settings

section 4.8.

Warning

Fault or Warning

ENTER

Ç


5.4.5

Reset Working

Set to Factory

Values

Page 39


Reset Working Set to Factory Values

Values

from the Configuration Edit Menu, then all configuration items that are editable are set to values established by the


. The prompt

Are you sure? (You will lose all information in the Working Configuration Set)

appears and soft buttons are assigned to

YES

and

NO.

If the


was reached by opening a saved configuration set, the additional information (Configuration Set # 3 will not be affected) will be

Are you Sure?

(You Will Lose All Information In the

Working Configuration Set)

(Configuration Set #3 will not be affected)

YES NO

displayed, as appropriate. If the user presses the

YES

soft button, the

Working Set

will be reset, otherwise it will not. In either case, the


re-appears.

5.4.6

Set Password

(for a single configuration set)

you from the Configuration Edit Menu, then a password can be set or cleared for the Working Configuration Set. The prompt

Enter five-digit password

, appears. Once five soft buttons have been pressed, you will be asked to repeat the password to guard against entry errors. To escape from setting a password, it is sufficient to deliberately enter two different sequences.

When this is completed, the


returns. If you have created a new configuration and attempt to save the Working Set to a previously numbered

Configuration Set, then you will be prompted for the password of that Set, if one exists, before it is overwritten. If opened an existing Set, then must have supplied the password at that time and no further security measures are taken.

5.4.7

Saving

Changes

you from the Configuration Edit Menu, the Working Set is saved to the currently opened numbered Set. If you created a new configuration and has not previously saved it to a numbered Set, this selection is not available. You must use

Save

As …

, see below.


If select five numbered Configuration Sets as choices as shown at right. Y ou should use

Save As...





desired Set and press the

ENTER

soft button to save the

Working Set

to that Set.

The


returns.

The

ESC

soft button returns to the


without saving the

Working Set

.

ENTER

Ç you , what happens is as for

Save

above, but after the

Working Set

is saved it is activated and the flowmeter exits the

Setup Mode

towards

Run Mode

.

When you attempt to save the

Working Set

to a numbered Set that is not the one originally opened for editing, then if the destination Set has a password, you will be required to supply it before the Set is overwritten.

5.4.8

Escape Without

Saving

If the

ESC

soft button is pressed repeatedly until all


branches are closed and is then pressed one further time, the flowmeter takes the

“escape” path out of

Setup Mode

directly to

Startup.

Any changes made that have not been saved are lost.


Page 40

6.0 Transducer Installation

6.1

Transducer

Piping System

Select a pipe location that provides a minimum straight length of pipe of at least 10 times the pipe’s nominal pipe size and mark a point that is at least 5 times the pipe diameter downstream from the nearest pipe fitting. See section 1.6 for the minimum straight pipe length requirements.

Location

NO


OK

NO


OK

Air bubble

NO


!

Flow

Direction

OK

10 x D 5 x D

TRANSDUCER MOUNTING LOCATION

NO

Sediment

OK

6.2

Transducer

Mounting

Mode for

Doppler

Measurement

If the fluid to be measured contains particles, the meter should be operated using the

Doppler measurement method. For Doppler operation, the transducers will be mounted directly opposite each other as shown below.


DOPPLER MOUNTING MODE

6.3

Transducer

Mounting

Mode for

Transit Time

Measurement

If the fluid contains little or no particles (up to 10% maximum), operate the meter using the Transit Time method to obtain the best accuracy. Select “V” mounting mode when possible. The “V” mounting mode allows the greatest sound travel distance while permitting good signal strength. Basic pipe material and size general guidelines are shown below.

“V” Mount Mode “Z” Mount Mode

Typically smaller pipe sizes from 2” to 6” diameter.

Typically larger pipe sizes from 4” to 100” diameter.

TRANSIT TIME MOUNTING MODES


NO



!

NO


Air bubble

NO

NO

Sediment

6.4

Transducer

Separation

Distance

Page 41

When the meter is operated in the

Doppler

measurement method, the transducers are

ALWAYS mounted directly opposite each other. The separation is therefore zero.

When the meter is operated in the

Transit-Time

measurement method, the front faces of the transducers must be positioned the correct distance apart.

A

Separation

Distance

B

The correct separation distance is dependent on the pipe size, pipe type and chosen mounting mode. When factory configured, the separation distance and mounting mode is printed on the serial label. If the meter has not been factory configured, or if a new configuration is required, the pipe size, pipe type and mounting mode configuration data must be input before proceeding. See section 5 for instructions on how to create or modify a configuration.

For meters so equipped, the separation distance (as calculated based on the currently active configuration set) is also shown on the LCD display and on the Remote

Communications PC Software display screen.

Currently Active Configuration set


1480 5 T 2.32 in.

[

¢

U.S. Gallons / min

U.S. Gallons

625.38

4345625.38

Relay #2 Relay #1

Active off

SETUP CLEAR SWAP

LCD Display Screen

RELAY

Currently Active Configuration set


Communications PC Software Screen


Page 42

6.5

Pipe

Surface

Preparation

The pipe mounting surface must be clean, smooth and free of any surface imperfections.

Remove all insulation material, loose paint, coatings, etc. Clean the pipe surface thoroughly. Use sandpaper if necessary to remove surface imperfections. Do not mount the transducers over weld seams.

Place a mark on the pipe where the first transducer will be located. Be sure to locate the transducers on the side of horizontal runs of pipe.


NO

45

O

Horizontal

OK

45

O

NO


6.6

Doppler

Method

Transducer

Installation

Doppler Mode:

If the fluid to be measured contains particles, the meter should be operated using the

Doppler measurement method. For Doppler operation, the transducers will be mounted directly opposite each other as shown below.

When the meter is operated in the Doppler mode, marking the second transducer location is not necessary. Simply install both transducer directly opposite from each other.

DOPPLER MOUNTING MODE



NO

NO


Page 43

6.7

Transit Time

Transit Time V mounting method:

If the fluid contains little or no particles (up to 10% maximum), operate the meter using the Transit Time method to obtain the best accuracy.

Transducer

Installation

When the meter is operated in the Transit Time method, marking the second transducer

V Mount Mode

location is required.

The V Mount mode requires careful separation distance measurements. Inaccurate placement of the transducers may result in insufficient signal strength and poor measurement accuracy.

Draw a straight centerline, parallel to the center line of the pipe, from the first transducer location mark (A) through to the second transducer location (B). Place a mark on the centerline at the correct transducer separation distance.

Centerline

Mark First Transducer Location (A)

Mark Second Transducer Location (B)

Measure Separation Distance

TRANSIT TIME V-MOUNT MODE

V-MOUNT MODE


Page 44

6.8

Transit Time

Transducer

Installation

Z Mount Mode

Transit Time Z-mount method:

The Z-mount configuration requires that the second transducer be located directly opposite the V-mount location (point B). The Z-Mount method requires careful separation distance measurements. Inaccurate placement may result in insufficient signal strength and poor accuracy.

Mark FIRST Transducer Location (A)

Mark V Mount Transducer Location (B)

Mark Z Mount

A B

C

Centerline

Measure Separation Distance

TRANSIT TIME Z-MOUNT MODE

Draw a straight centerline, parallel to the center line of the pipe, from the first transducer location mark (A) through to the second transducer location (B). Place a mark on the centerline at the correct transducer separation distance.

To locate the opposite mounting point, gift wrapping paper, butcher paper or similar paper that is long enough to wrap completely around the pipe, is required. The paper used must have squared edges.

1) Measure the pipe circumference by wrapping the length of paper around the pipe.

2) Align the overlapping side edges of the paper with each other.

3) Mark the paper at the point where the top edges overlap. The distance from the top edge to the overlap mark will be the pipe circumference.

A

B

A

B

ALIGN SIDE

EDGES


Page 45

4) Fold the paper so that the top edge and the marked circumference point touch.

5) Unfold and place a mark on the folded edge. This mark will be exactly one half of the circumference. This mark is the location for the second transducer.

TOP EDGE

ONE HALF

CIRCUMFERENCE FOLD

C

ONE HALF

CIRCUMFERENCE

CIRCUMFERENCE FULL CIRCUMFERENCE

6) Once again, wrap the paper around the pipe starting with the top edge corner positioned at the second transducer location (separation distance point B).

7) Align the side edges of the paper.

8) Place a mark on the pipe at the one half circumference mark.

A

B

TOP EDGE

CORNER

A

B

ALIGN SIDE

EDGES

C

ONE HALF

CIRCUMFERENCE

FOLD


Page 46

6.9

Transducer

Acoustic

Mounting

Gaskets

An acoustic coupling material must be placed between the transducer and the pipe surface at the point where the sound waves enter the pipe.. Without this material, the ultrasonic sound waves will not penetrate into the pipe. The meter package includes three different gasket materials for this purpose.

The blue gasket should be used for permanent installations. This gasket will be damaged be repeated installations.

The white gasket should be used for non-permenant installations such as in portable applications. This gasket will withstand multiple installations.

Dow Corning Silicone Seal #111 may be used in place of the gaskets if desired.

TRANSDUCER

BLUE

GASKET

TRANSDUCER

BOTTOM VIEW

BLUE GASKET INSTALLATION

BLUE GASKET PLACED

ON TRANSDUCER

1) Peel off the thin paper backing from the blue gasket and place the gasket on the transducer completely covering the waveguide.

2) Remove the thick plastic backing from the gasket before positioning the transducer on the pipe.

TRANSDUCER

WHITE

GASKET

TRANSDUCER

BOTTOM VIEW

WHITE GASKET INSTALLATION

WHITE GASKET PLACED

ON TRANSDUCER

The white gasket does not include backing tape. Position the gasket on the transducer completely covering the entire bottom surface of the transducer.


6.10

Transducer

Mounting

Clamps

Page 47

The meter is provided with five pipe clamps, four to be used for transducer mounting and a fifth for mounting the SPU. A single clamp can be used on a pipe diameter of up to 10 inches. The clamps can be chained together if required for larger pipe diameters.

Additional clamps can be purchased from the factory.

Carefully place the first transducer onto the pipe so that the front arrow on the transducer is located exactly over the first separation distance mark (A) . Be sure the transducer is placed straight and parallel to the pipe centerline.

A B

CENTERLINE CENTERLINE

Secure the first transducer to the pipe using the enclosed pipe clamps. The arrows on the front and rear of the transducers must point toward the pipe centerline mark.

CENTERLINE

CENTERLINE

FRONT VIEW


REAR VIEW


Locate the second transducer separation mark (B). Carefully place the second transducer onto the pipe so that the front arrow on the transducer is located exactly over the mark

(B). Be sure the transducer is placed straight and parallel to the pipe centerline. Be sure that both transducers are facing each other and parallel to the pipe centerline.

A B

Check that the separation distance is correct. Tighten the clamps equally.

A B

Separation

Distance

BLUE

GASKET

MOUNTING CLAMPS


Page 48

7.0 Run Mode

This section describes the flowmeter operation in the

Run Mode

. A mock-up of the

Run Mode

screen is shown at right.

This is how it appears for Model 2 and 3

Displays or if it is viewed from the User PC

Software application . For Model 2, the only difference is that the

SETUP

and

RELAY

soft buttons are absent (blank) on the flowmeter display (but they are still present at the PC).

1 T 2.46 in.

[

¢

U.S. Gallons / min

1480

625.38

U.S. Gallons

4345625.38

Relay #1

Active

Relay #2

off

Relay #3

Alarm

SETUP RELAY SWAP CLEAR

In the

Run Mode

, the flowmeter measures the velocity of fluid movement in the pipe and from this, and the user-specified dimensions of the pipe, determines the volumetric flow rate and accumulates the total volume of fluid flow. The flowmeter is not sensitive to the direction of fluid movement and

flow in either direction is treated as positive

for both flow rate display and accumulation of the total volume of fluid that has passed

(totalization). Should fluid flow first in one direction and then return in the other direction, the flowmeter will register a total of twice the amount of fluid, even though the net actual flow is zero.

7.1

Primary and

Secondary

Display Areas

Two display areas are provided to show the current flow rate and the total accumulated flow. Both areas can display ten digits and the decimal point.

You may configure the number of digits that appear after the decimal point in each display area (see section 5.4.3 above). Digits remaining (from the maximum of ten) are available for digits to the left of the decimal point. Leading zeros are not shown. If it is not possible to display the value as configured, for example if only five digits are available to the left of the decimal point and the value reaches 100,000, then the display automatically switches to engineering notation. Seven significant digits are displayed followed by “E” a two digit exponent value. Example: 2.09E12

Above the primary and secondary display areas are the primary and secondary display labels. These show whether the area is displaying flow rate or total accumulated flow and the units of measure (which are configured by the user in Setup Mode, see section 5.4.3 above).

Pressing the

SWAP

soft button exchanges the flow rate and total accumulated flow readings between the primary and secondary display areas. The labels are also exchanged. This soft button is present on Model 2 and Model 3 displays.

Pressing and holding the

SWAP

soft button exchanges the flow rate display to velocity units. If the


set in


above (section 5.4.2) are in

English U.S units, the velocity will be displayed as feet per second. If the Units of

Measure are set as Metric SI units, the velocity will display in meters per second.

Pressing and holding the

SWAP

soft button a again changes the flow rate display back to the units of measure as specified in section 6.3.3. This soft button is present on Model 2 and Model 3 displays.

Pressing the

CLEAR

soft button zeros the total accumulated flow reading, in whichever display area it is showing. The previous total is lost and flow now accumulates in a new total. This soft button is present on Model 2 and Model 3 displays . This feature can be disabled by configuration, in which case the CLEAR soft button will not appear.


7.1.1

Flow Rate

Measurement

Page 49

The rate of fluid flow in the pipe is measured by the flowmeter many times per second.

To improve accuracy and the stability of the display, these measurements are averaged over a configurable time and new values are presented to the display at a configurable rate.

The averaging algorithm used is the Simple Moving Average (SMA), which is “the unweighted mean of the previous n data points”. Rather than selecting n, you can configure

Flow Rate Averaging to be performed over some number of seconds. All measurements taken during that period are averaged to form each displayed flow reading. The averaging time can be configured by selecting a value of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 seconds from the list .

The time period at which the flowmeter display updates is configurable in

Setup Mode

to 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5 or 5 seconds. Each time the display is updated, the SMA of the flow measurements is computed and written to the display as described above. Setting the display update period to be much greater than the averaging time may not make sense.

For example, averaging over one second and updating the display every five seconds will mean that 80% of the measurements taken will never contribute to a displayed flow value. The flowmeter does not prohibit or warn against such inconsistent settings.

The units of measure for flow rate can be configured in

Setup Mode

. The units in which both volume and time are expressed can be selected from appropriate options. A custom unit of measure for volume can be selected by specifying the size of one U.S. Gallon in that unit.

can configure a

Low Flow Cutoff

value so that if the flowmeter would display a value smaller than this, it displays zero instead. By symmetry, the user can configure a


value.

If the flowmeter would display a value larger than this, it displays the cutoff value instead. Note that these values are entered in the

Setup Mode

as numbers and must be given in the units of measure configured for flow rate display. If at some later time you change the units of measure, the cutoff values will upon inspection appear to have changed, but will represent the same flow rate, just in different units of measure.

Should you observe that the flowmeter’s readings are consistently in error by a measurable amount, it is possible to correct this situation by configuring a

Scaling

Offset

. The Factory Default for this is 1.00. The flowmeter will accept values from 0.00 to 9.99. Every measurement taken by the flowmeter is multiplied by this number before further processing. Flow rate and flow total will therefore be affected. The

Scaling

Offset

is part of a


, so it does not apply to the flowmeter as a whole and should be set as required in each numbered Set.

If flow measurement is restarted (by passing through the

Startup State

, for whatever reason), then all prior measurements previously stored for the purpose of averaging are discarded. A new average is computed using only new flow measurements and they begin to arrive after the restart. The display area in which the flow rate appears is blanked

(made empty) until the first measurement is made and the first average is computed.


Page 50

7.1.2

Total Flow

Measurement

As well as averaging measurements to display flow rate, the flowmeter totals all measurements divided by the measurement period to compute a totalized flow. This is written to the display at the same configured intervals as for flow readings.

The units of measure for total flow can be configured independently of flow rate.

Pressing the

CLEAR

soft button zeros the total accumulated flow if this option has been enabled by the configuration.

Should the flowmeter experience a power loss or be restarted by entry into

Setup Mode

, it will preserve a recent value of the total flow and restore this when next entering

Run

Mode

. In

Run Mode

, the Total Flow will be saved to non-volatile memory every ten seconds. Any fluid that flows while the flowmeter is not in

Run Mode

is not included in the total.

7.2

Measurement

Status Areas

7.2.1

Configuration and Mode

The top line of the

Run Mode

screen shows the status of the measurement process. On the far left is shown the active

Configuration Number

, active

Measurement Mode

and the

Transducer Separation Distance

. In the center is shown the

Goodness of

Measurement

index. On the right is shown the

Speed of Sound

in the fluid (if in transit time mode).

The field on the top left displays the active


, the measurement method in effect (T for Transit Time or D for

Doppler) and the transducer separation distance. The display shown to the right indicates:

!

1 T 2.46 in.

Configuration Set #1

!

!

Transit Time measure method

2.46 inches separation distance.

The measurement method can be changed by the two-position switch on the controller

1 T 2.46 in.

[

¢

U.S. Gallons / min

1480

625.38

U.S. Gallons

4345625.38

Relay #1

Active

Relay #2

off

Relay #3

Alarm

SETUP RELAY SWAP CLEAR

motherboard (the wiring access door must be removed to get at this switch) whereupon the flowmeter will automatically enter Setup Mode.

In Transit Time mode, the transducer separation distance shown is the distance used in

Transducer Positioning

, see section 2.8 above. In Doppler mode, this display value will always be zero. In both modes, the units of measure will be for the distance selected in the


menu, see section 5.4.2 above. If English (U.S. units) is selected, then the units displayed will be

in.

for inches. If Metric (SI units) is selected, then the units displayed will be

mm

for millimeters.

7.2.2

Goodness of

Measurement

The field in the top center of the display status line displays the “Goodness of

Measurement” which indicates the reliability of ultrasonic flow measurement under the present working conditions. This is computed by the algorithms that determine fluid velocity. The average of all samples computed during each display update interval is an unreliable measurement and four bars indicate high reliability.

The same goodness of measurement indication appears on the four amber LEDs on the controller motherboard, which can be viewed if the wiring access door is removed.

If flow measurement is restarted (by passing through the Startup State), then prior goodness of measurement information is discarded and the display will show zero until new information is computed.


7.2.3

Sound Speed

Display

7.2.4

Measuring the

Fluid Sound

Speed

Page 51

The field on the top right displays either a speed of sound measurement value (if in

Transit Time mode) or a zero (if in Doppler mode).

When operated in the transit time mode, the flowmeter periodically calculates the speed that sound is traveling through the fluid and displays the resulting value in meters per second. This value is useful for determining the reliability of the measurement and also for configuring the meter for unknown

Custom Fluids

. A list of the

Fluid Types

that are available for selection in the meter and their sound speed is shown in the index at the end of this manual. The displayed value should closely match the fluid’s sound speed.

Should the displayed value not match, one or more of the following conditions may exist:

!

!

!

!

!

The transducers are not positioned correctly

The pipe material type does not match the

Pipe Material Type

specified in the


configuration menu

The pipe wall thickness is other than specified in the


configuration menu

The fluid type does not match the

Fluid Type

specified in the


configuration menu

The fluid’s temperature is different than the temperature of the index values

See section 7.2.4 below for information on configuring the meter for unknown Custom

Fluids.

The following outlines how to use the flowmeter to determine the speed of sound in a fluid. For the flowmeter to function, the precise speed of sound does not need to be known in advance. However, to place the transducers in the optimal location, knowing the speed of sound in the fluid is important. The following outlines a procedure that you can follow in determining the fluid speed of sound.

!

!

!

This test can be performed with or without flow. It is recommended that the test be performed with zero flow.

The pipe outer diameter and wall thickness should be known precisely. It is recommended to use a small section of pipe so that the exact dimensions can be measured.

The speed of sound calculation is also affected by transducer placement. Any error in the spacing of the transducers will translate to an error in the calculated speed of sound.

1) Enter all the appropriate information for pipe material and dimensions.

2) Select “custom” as the fluid type and enter a custom speed of sound for the fluid in meters/second. Use a best first guess – if it's a water based fluid, start with something close to the speed of sound for water. If it's an oil based fluid, use something close to the speed of sound for oil. See the index for sample fluid sound speeds.

3) Save and activate your configuration. Place the transducers at the spacing specified by the meter. Press DONE. The meter will now calculate and display a speed of sound in the upper right hand corner. If the displayed speed of sound matches that which was entered, then that value should be used. If the displayed speed of sound is different, or a fault occurs, change the fluid speed of sound to the displayed value or try a new estimate and repeat step 3.

When estimating the sound speed, use a systematic approach by increasing or decreasing your estimate by a fixed value, such as 100 meters per second.

During the run mode, the displayed speed of sound should closely match the entered speed of sound (provided proper transducer placement and no change in temperature or properties of the fluid such as density).


Page 52

7.3

Process

Control

Status Areas

If the flowmeter is fitted with the Process Control Board, three

Process Control Status

Areas

appear on the display under the secondary display area and above the soft button labels. The Model 2, Model 3 and the User PC Software display is the same. Each area is labeled with the relay number to which it refers and shows the status of that relay channel. If a relay channel is disabled in configuration, the corresponding status area will be blank.

For channels configured to monitor flow total, the

Process Control Status Area

shows

IDLE, ACTIVE

or

PAUSE,

corresponding to the state of the channel.

ACTIVE

is displayed in white-on-black. For detailed information on the operation of relay channels monitoring total, see section 8.2 below.

For channels configured to monitor flow rate, the

Process Control Status Area

shows

ALARM

or

CLEAR. ALARM

is displayed in white-on-black and corresponds to the channel states

ALARMING, ALARMED

and

CLEARING

(that is, when the flow rate is outside the set limits or an alarm condition has been latched, whether the relay itself is energized or not).

CLEAR

is displayed in normal black-on-white and corresponds to the

CLEAR

state of the channel, when the flow is within the limits and no alarm is latched. For more information about channel states, see section 8.3 below.

7.4

Soft

Buttons

In addition to the

SWAP

and

CLEAR

soft buttons, discussed above, two other soft buttons will be present under certain circumstances. Buttons that are not present appear blank.

The

SETUP

soft button will be present on Model 3 and also at a User PC Software connection if fitted. Pressing the

SETUP

soft button causes the flowmeter to enter

Setup Mode

and the

Setup Mode Screen

replaces the

Run Mode Screen

, see section

6 above for details. Operation of the flowmeter is immediately disrupted as flow measurement does not take place in

Setup Mode

.

The

RELAY

soft button will also be present if the conditions above for the

SETUP

soft button are met and the Process Control board is fitted but not if all relay channels are disabled in configuration. Pressing the

RELAY

soft button causes the

Process Control

Screen

to replace the

Run Mode Screen

, see section 8.1 below for details. The flowmeter at first continues to operate normally, although the user can no longer see the information displayed on the

Run Mode Screen

, but some actions that the user can take on the

Process Control Screen

will disrupt measurement.

7.5

Output

Signals

7.5.1

Analog

Signal

Output

The flowmeter provides two output signals that represent the flow rate. An analog output represents the flow rate as a current amplitude. A digital pulse output represents the flow rate as a pulse frequency. These signals will have their values (current and frequency) changed to the same values and at the same period as the flow display. In other words, they are affected in the same way by the configured averaging time, display update period and cutoffs.

The analog signal output has a current range of 4 to 20 mA. The correspondence of current to flow rate can be configured by specifying two (flow rate, current) points. Low and high flow rates, which must not be the same, are specified and the currents corresponding to each are given. Other flow rates are mapped to currents using a straight line through the points specified. The current for the high flow rate may be smaller than the current for the low flow rate, in which case the current will decrease with increasing flow rate. Flow rates mapping to currents outside the available range will cause the signal to saturate at the closest limit.


7.5.2

Digital

Pulse

Output

7.6

Data

Logging

7.6.1

Periodic

Logging

7.6.2

Logging

Rate

Setpoints

7.6.3

Logging

Totalizer

Setpoints

Page 53

The digital pulse output has a frequency range of 0 to 1000 Hz. The correspondence of pulse frequency to flow rate can be configured by specifying two (flow rate, frequency) points. Low and high flow rates, which must not be the same, are specified and the frequencies corresponding to each are given. Other flow rates are mapped to pulse frequencies using a straight line through the points specified. The frequency for the high flow rate may be smaller than the frequency for the low flow rate, in which case the frequency will decrease with increasing flow rate. Flow rates mapping to frequencies outside the available range will cause the signal to saturate at the closest limit.

The flowmeter is able to log flow data internally to a memory buffer and to a removable

SD Card. If the Communication Board is fitted and connected to a PC running the flowmeter software application, the internal buffer data will automatically download to the user’s PC hard drive. The generation of a log entry can be triggered periodically, by the flow rate passing configurable setpoints and by the total flow passing configurable setpoints. All log entries are identical and do not indicate which of the forgoing mechanisms caused their generation. All log entries look like this:

2006/12/15 13:10:43 Rate: 2396.25 Total: 4345625.38 Code:

The date is ordered year/month/day. The time is military or European time, so no a.m./p.m. field is needed. The flow rate and total flow are recorded as they would appear on the display, u nits of measure are not included.

Up to two error codes will be recorded if present.

The internal memory buffer can hold approximately 10,000 log entries. The 32 Mbyte SD card (included) will accommodate about 500,000 entries. At one entry per minute, it will fill up in a little less than a year. If the SD Card is not present, data logging still takes place but only buffered entries can be retrieved by a User PC Software application, see section 7.6.5 below.

The interval between periodic log entries can be configured from 1 to 999999 seconds. If this number is set to zero, periodic logging will not occur. Log entries can only be generated when flow information is produced for display.

Maximum and Minimum Flow Rate Setpoints can be configured in

Setup Mode

so that the flowmeter records the time at which the flow rate crosses these values. A log entry is generated when the flow rate crosses the

Maximum Flow Rate Setpoint

value while increasing. A log entry is also generated when the flow rate crosses the

Minimum Flow

Rate Setpoint

value while decreasing. These log entries are not distinguished from other entries and consist, as always, of the timestamp, the flow rate immediately after the setpoint was crossed and also the total flow at that time.

When a log entry has been generated due to the crossing of a

Log Rate Setpoint

, as described here, no further log entries are generated due to the crossing of the same

Log

Rate Setpoint

for a period of one minute. The intent is to suppress “flicker”, i.e. many log entries due to the flow rate hovering around the setpoint and crossing it repeatedly.

Log Rate Setpoints

must be specified in the units of measure configured for flow rate.

Five

Flow Total Setpoint

values can be configured in

Setup Mode

so that the flowmeter records the time at which the total flow crosses each of these values. When this occurs, a single log entry is generated. It is not distinguished from other entries and consists, as always, of the timestamp, flow rate and the actual total flow value that exceeded the setpoint.

Flow Total Setpoint

values do not have to be in ascending order.

They must be specified in the units of measure configured for flow total.


Page 54

7.6.4

Local Log

Data Storage

(SD Data

Card Storage)

Log entries will be written to the flowmeter’s Flash memory card if one is installed. The flowmeter supports Secure Digital (SD) and MultiMediaCard (MMC) flash memory cards of most common brands and capacities. If a correctly formatted card is not installed appropriately (see below), log entries will not be written but in all other respects the flowmeter will operate normally. The flowmeter is shipped with a 32MB card installed.

7.6.4.1

Inserting and

Removing the

Memory Card

To insert or remove a memory card, it is necessary to open the wiring access door of the flowmeter. The card slot is on the bottom of the main PCB, and therefore hard to see, but its position is marked on the top silkscreen. To insert a card, hold it with the label side away from, slide the end with the gold contacts under the PCB into the slot and push gently until it clicks into place. To remove a card, push it inwards until it clicks again and then release the pressure. A spring will push it out slightly. From this position, slide the card fully out.

The first time a memory card is installed, the meter must be power cycled while the card is in place. After the initial installation, the memory card should only be inserted or removed when the flowmeter is in the

Setup Mode

or if the meter is powered off. Before inserting or removing the card, use any of the methods described in section 4 above to enter

Setup Mode

. Flow measurement will be disrupted. After inserting or removing the card, the flowmeter can be returned to

Startup

and then to

Run Mode

, see section 4.3 above for details. If a card is inserted when the flowmeter is not in

Setup Mode

or powered off, no harm will be done but log entries will not be written to it. To remedy this situation, enter and then leave

Setup Mode

. If the card is removed when the flowmeter is not in

Setup Mode

, data on the card may be corrupt. After retrieving undamaged log files, the card should be reformatted. Additionally, the flowmeter should be power-cycled.

7.6.4.2

Format of

Data on the

Memory Card

7.6.4.3

Rotation and

Purging of

Log Files

SD/MMC cards for use in the flowmeter should be formatted according to the FAT32 standard. Files can then be written to and read from the card by any computer that understands this file system (when fitted with the appropriate adapter) including PCs

TM TM running Windows or Linux .

Log entries are stored in files with names of the format lognnnnn.txt

, where nnnnn

is a decimal number from

00000

to

99999

. Each log entry is written to a separate line in the file and is terminated with the newline character. Some older Windows-based text editors may not recognize newline as a line break (without a carriage return following it), but most modern software is compatible with this format. Log files are placed in the sub directory logs

of the root directory of the memory card. Any files on the memory card that are not in the logs

sub-directory or do not have names in the above format will be ignored by the flowmeter. Although they will reduce the space available for log files, they will not be deleted. Any files in the logs sub-directory with names that do look like log file names are at risk of being deleted to free up space on the card.

The log file currently in use is closed and a new one is opened in these situations:

!

!

The flowmeter enters Setup Mode and then subsequently passes to Run Mode

The log file reaches a size of approximately 1 MB (about 16,000 entries)

The five-digit number in the names of log files progresses by one each time this happens, so it is trivial to reconstruct the sequence of log entries over different files. In this sequence, 00000 follows 99999.

If the memory card has less than 1 MB of free space when a new file is opened, the oldest log files are deleted until this much free space exists. Thus, if log files are not moved off of the card before it fills up, new entries are preserved at the expense of old entries.


7.6.4.3

Rotation and

Purging of

Log Files

(continued)

7.6.4.4

Power

Loss

7.6.5

Remote

Access to

Log Data

Page 55

The five-digit numbers of the next log file and the oldest log file on the card are held in a file in the logs sub-directory with the name logindex.txt

. If this file does not exist, the flowmeter will create it and start both numbers at

00001

. Thus, the first log file will be log00001.txt

and as further files ( log00002.txt

etc.) are created and filled the flowmeter will remember that log00001.txt

is the oldest. If the space on the card is reduced below 1 MB, then log00001.txt

will be deleted. The next file to be deleted to make space will be log00002.txt

and so on.

When reading a card that has been removed from a flowmeter, care should be taken when deleting files before re-inserting it into the same or a different flowmeter. It is safe to delete all files on the card, in which case new log files will start with log00001.txt

as described above. It is also safe to delete any or all log files if the file logindex.txt

is left on the card. If the flowmeter tries to delete a file that does not exist, it will simply keep increasing the five-digit number in the filename until it finds enough files to delete that free up the space it is looking for.

However, if the

logindex.txt

file is deleted but log files are left on the card, the flowmeter may overwrite them if and when it counts up again to their numbers.

In the event of a power loss, the flowmeter will not be able to properly close the open log file and it may as a result be corrupt. When power is restored and the flowmeter resumes operation, it will open a new log file with the next sequential number. Should the power loss have occurred when the flowmeter was updating file system management information on the memory card, it may not be able to mount the card when power resumes. In this case, no further log entries will be written to the card. As a result, care should be taken that the flowmeter is placed in

Setup Mode

before disconnecting it from a power source.

A user PC that is running the

Software

and

that is connected via the Communications

Board will automatically acquire and store log entries from the flowmeter.

The flowmeter records in a buffer the most recently generated 10,000 log entries. If the buffer fills, entries are replaced in a first-in, first-out manner. At ten second intervals, the PC will request that the flowmeter send to it the latest 100 available entries, also in a first-in, first-out manner, until all entries are downloaded. The entries sent are removed from the flowmeter buffer and transferred to a file folder that t he

Software

Application

will create and place on the C: drive. Since all meters must have a unique

IP Address to connect to the user PC Software, the Software will automatically use the

IP Address as the name of this file folder.

Simply by making this request every ten seconds, the PC obtains a complete record of the data being logged in the flowmeter. There is no configuration item to turn on or off remote logging or to set up what is logged differently from internal logging to the SD card. The flowmeter is passive other than buffering and supplying on request its recent log entries. The user PC can do whatever it sees fit with the log entries, including, but not limited to, displaying them graphically, saving them to disk, comparing them to information from other flowmeters, etc.

Remote logging is not influenced by the presence or absence of the SD Card.

To facilitate faster downloading, a button on the user PC software application may be pressed to immediately begin downloading all available logs in the buffer.


Page 56

8.1

Process

Control

Screen

8.0 Process Control

Process Control functions are configured from the

Setup Mode

as described in section

5.4.4 above. In addition, you can interact with

Process Control

functions in

Run Mode

using


for each of the three relay channels. On these screens, you can inspect alarm status, clear alarms, dispense fluid batches, etc. Use of the

Setup

Mode

has been discussed above. This section covers the use of the

Process Control

Screens.

To access


from the

Run Mode Screen

, press the

RELAY

soft button. This button does not appear (the soft button label is blank) if the Process

Control option is not fitted to the flowmeter. None of the functions discussed in this section are available without the

Process Control option

. Additionally, either the

Model 3 display option or the Communications Board and a connected

User PC

Software Application

are necessary to perform the operations described. You must have at least one of these if they have a

Process Control Board,

otherwise it will be useless.

In

Run Mode

,

Process Control

functions are accessible in from the

Process Control

Screens.

Pressing the

RELAY

soft button moves in a circular fashion from relay to relay and then back to the

Run Mode Screen

. Only those relay channels are visited that are configured to monitor Rate or Total in the active configuration. Relay channels that are disabled are skipped. If all relays are disabled, the

RELAY

soft button does not appear on the

Run Mode Screen

. This soft button is in the same location on the

Run Mode

Screen

and the

Process Control Screens.

The

Process Control Screen

displays:

!

the selected relay number and whether the relay channel is monitoring Rate or

!

Total if monitoring Rate, the current Flow Rate as it would appear on the Run Mode screen

!

either the alarm trigger, release and delay time settings, if it is monitoring Flow

!

!

Rate or the batch settings, count and totals, if it is monitoring Flow Total the state of the relay channel (described below)

For relay channels monitoring Flow Rate, a

CLEAR

soft button allows you to de-activate a relay that has been energized due to the rate reaching the trigger settings (see section

8.3.2 below for details).

For relay channels monitoring Flow Total, a

START

soft button allows you to start the dispensing of a batch (see section 8.2.1 below for details). Also for channels configured for settings and status values. According to which is selected, a

CLEAR

or

EDIT

soft button appears.

Pressing the

CLEAR

soft button zeros the selected total. Pressing the

EDIT

soft button allows the

Batch Amount

to be changed. (See section 8.2 below for details and restrictions.) When the


are displayed, the flowmeter continues to operate normally in

Run Mode

. Flow is measured and totalized and all logging, monitoring and output signal functions continue uninterrupted. The

SETUP

soft button is not available. To leave

Run Mode

, first return to the

Run Mode Screen

using the

RELAY

soft button.


8.2

Batch

Dispensing

When a process control relay channel is configured to monitor Flow Total, it can be used to dispense fluid in batches. A

Process

Control Screen

for a channel configured in this way is shown at right. The

RELAY

soft button is used to visit each channel in turn and go back to the

Run Mode

screen. The

START

soft button is used to initiate a batch. The left-most three soft button may be used to change the

Batch Amount

or clear the batch counter and the volume totals.

2 T 3.25 in.

[

¢

Page 57

Relay #3 Monitor: TOTAL

Batch Amount:

Current Batch #:

Total this Batch:

Total all Batches:

5000

32

3296

156824526

Batch Start:

Relay Timer:

AUTO

3

EDIT

Status: ACTIVE

RELAY

If the

Batch Start

type is configured as

MANUAL,

then operation is as follows:

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

Press the

START

soft button to begin the dispensing of a batch.

The

START

soft button is replaced by the

STOP

soft button.

The


value clears to zero.

The


value increases by one.

The relay is energized and the display changes accordingly.

As the flowmeter measures and totals up fluid flow, the


and


values advance.

When the


value reaches the

Batch Amount:

value, the relay is deenergized and the display changes accordingly.

The

STOP

soft button disappears and the

START

soft button returns.

A batch can be interrupted and resumed as follows:

!

!

!

!

Press the

STOP

soft button. The relay is de-energized and the

RESUM

(resume) soft button appears in place of this soft button.

Although the display changes to show that the relay is de-energized, it alternates between black-on white and white-on-black to indicate that a batch has been interrupted.

The flowmeter is still measuring flow, although the intent is clearly for the flow to stop, and the operation of all status displays continues.

Press the

RESUM

soft button. The relay is energized again, the

STOP

soft button reappears and everything is as it was before the interruption.


Page 58

A batch can be canceled (aborted) as follows:

!

!

!

!

!

!

Interrupt the batch as described above.

soft buttons to navigate to and highlight the


status line. The

È

CLEAR

soft button replaces the RESUM soft button.

Press the

CLEAR

soft button.

The value of


is cleared to zero.

All lines are de-selected and the

START

soft button returns.

When the

START

soft button is next pressed, the next batch will dispense and the


value increases by one.

The cancelled batch is not re-dispensed.

The flow measured before it was cancelled is not backed out of


.

Because flow information is only computed by the flowmeter at the configured display update interval, the volume dispensed in a batch will typically overshoot the configured

Batch Amount. The relay is de-energized when the measured total equals or exceeds the batch volume. The degree of overshoot depends on the batch size, the flow rate and the update interval. You should not configure long update intervals when dispensing small batches from a high flow rate, as in this situation the overshoot could be a significant fraction of the batch size.

8.2.2

Auto Batch

Start Type

If the

Batch Start

type is configured as

AUTO,

then operation is as follows:

Immediately upon entering

Run Mode,

the flowmeter accumulates the volume of fluid flowing in two totalizers associated with the specific

Relay Channel

. If the relay channel is brought onto the display (using the

RELAY

soft button), the totals are displayed to the right of the labels


and


and the values will be seen to advance.

However, the channel will operate in the manner described here whether it is on the display or not.

!

!

!

The relay channel

Status:

is indicated as

ACTIVE.

When the


value reaches the

Batch Amount:

value, the


value increases by one, the


value clears to zero and the relay is energized. Flow is expected to continue (in this mode, flow is not controlled by the relay), so


immediately starts increasing again and


continues to increase without a break.

After the relay has been energized for the number of seconds shown in the

Relay Timer:

field, it de-energizes

(again, this is not expected to influence the fluid flow).

2 T 3.25 in.

Relay #1 Monitor: TOTAL

Batch Amount:




5000

32

3296

156824526

EDIT

[

¢

Batch Start: AUTO

Relay Timer: 3

Status: ACTIVE

RELAY

This continues indefinitely (unless the

STOP

soft button is pressed). Each time the


totalizer reaches

Batch Amount:

, it is cleared,


advances and the relay is energized for the time

Relay Timer:

.


In this mode of

Process Control

, the flowmeter is partitioning the flow in the pipe into batches of a defined amount. Within each batch, it displays the total flow so far for that batch. It counts the batches. At the end of each batch, the relay energizes for a defined time period and then de-energizes. An example of what the energized relay might do is to switch power to a pump or open a valve that results in some other fluid being injected into the measured fluid stream.

8.2.3

Batch

Clear

8.2.4

Batch

Edit

Page 59

Ensure that the flow rate, batch amount and relay timer are set up so that the relay will de-energize before the end of each batch. Should the relay still be energized when the end of a batch is detected, then the time at which the relay will de-energize will be extended to the

Relay Timer

time from the new batch ending. If this repeats, the relay could remain continuously energized.

If the

STOP

soft button is pressed:

!

!

!

!

!

The relay channel Status: is indicated as

PAUSED.

If the relay is energized, it will immediately de-energize.

The

RESUM

(resume) soft button appears, replacing the

STOP

soft button.

The flowmeter will no longer advance


nor energize the relay and increment


as batches of fluid pass by in the pipe.


continues to advance if there is flow in the pipe.

If the

RESUM

soft button is pressed:

!

!

!

!

!

The relay channel Status: returns to

ACTIVE.

The

RESUM

soft button is replaced by the

STOP

soft button.

The


value clears to zero.

The


value increases by one, indicating a new batch in progress.

Operation is as before

STOP

was pressed (


advances and, at the end of each batch, clears, energizing the relay for a specified time and advancing


).

To start counting batches from zero again or clear the value of


, use the

and

CLEAR

soft buttons.

The

Current Batch #

,

Total this Batch

and

Total all Batches

values can be cleared. highlighted. The

CLEAR

soft button then appears in the left-most position. Pressing this soft button zeros the value.

The clearing of counts and totals can be blocked by configuring the

Total Display

Function

to

Clear Total Disabled

. If this is done, the

CLEAR

soft button does not appear. Note that this configuration item is in the

Metering Setup

branch, but even so affects

Process Control

functions.

If the relay channel is configured for

Batch Start

type

MANUAL

, the

Batch Amount:

the present value is highlighted. The

EDIT

soft button then appears in the left-most position. Pressing this soft button allows the value to be edited.

It is not possible to change the

Batch Start:

type or the

Relay Timer:

value. It is also not possible to change the

Batch Amount:

value if the

Batch Start

type is

AUTO.


Page 60

8.3

Flow Rate

Alarms

When a process control relay channel is configured to monitor Flow Rate, it can be used to indicate that the rate of fluid flow has reached or passed configured trigger values. A

Process Control Screen for a channel configured in this way is shown at right. The

RELAY

soft button is used to visit each relay channel in turn and go back to the Run

Mode screen. The

CLEAR

soft button can be used to clear an alarm condition while the problem causing the alarm is being rectified.

8.3.1

Basic operation


Operation of Flow Rate Alarms will be described with reference to the state diagram below.

The relay channel starts in the

CLEAR s

tate. It will remain in this state so long as the displayed flow rate remains

both

less than the

High Trigger

value and greater than the

Low Trigger

value. Note that the displayed flow rate is subject to the configured averaging, high and low flow cutoff and any scaling offset value.

If the flow rate rises to or above the

High

Trigger

value or falls to or below the

Low

Trigger

value, then the relay channel changes to the

ALARMING

state (arrow a in the diagram at right). If the

Alarm

Delay Time

has not been configured or it has been configured to zero, the relay channel immediately changes to the

ALARMED

state (arrow b). Otherwise, it remains in the

ALARMING

state while the


is counted down. In this state, the relay is not energized. The status displays as Status:

ALARMING

in alternating black-on white and white-on-black and the

CLEAR

soft button is present. If the

CLEAR

soft button is pressed, counting down the


restarts. This state gives an operator time to correct the condition causing the alarm or for the condition to correct itself if it is transient.

When the


expires in the

ALARMING

state (which may be immediate, see above) the relay channel changes to the

ALARMED

state (arrow b). The relay is energized. The status displays as

Status: ALARMED

in white-on-black. The

CLEAR

soft button is present. If the

CLEAR

soft button is pressed in the

ALARMED

state and a non-zero


is configured, the relay channel changes to the

CLEARING

state (arrow c). The relay is now de-energized. The status displays as

Status: CLEARING

in white-on-black and the

CLEAR

soft button is not present. The purpose of this state is similar to the

ALARMING

state, but it is available after the alarm has occurred if the operator did not act early enough. The flowmeter counts down the


. If this time expires and the condition causing the alarm has not been removed (arrow e, see below), the relay channel returns to the

ALARMED

state

(arrow d). If the

CLEAR

soft button is pressed in the

ALARMED

state but

Alarm

Delay Time

is zero or has not been configured, then nothing will happen unless a

Release value

has not been configured and the flow rate has returned to normal (more on this below). In this case, the relay channel changes to the

CLEAR

state (arrow e).

In the

ALARMING, ALARMED

and

CLEARING

states, the relay channel may change to the

CLEAR

state (arrow e) without user action if a

Release

value has been configured for the

Trigger

value that has been passed to cause the alarm and the flow changes to be equal to or inside that release value. For example, if the alarm occurred because the flow rose above the

High Trigger

value and a

High Release

value has

8.3.2

Clearing

Alarms

8.3.3

Editing

Alarms

Page 61

been configured, then at any time the flow falls to or below that value the alarm is automatically cleared and the relay channel returns to the

CLEAR

state. (This is what the operator is going to be striving for in the

ALARMING

and

CLEARING

states.) If a

Release

value has not been configured for the

Trigger

value that caused the alarm, then the relay channel will only follow arrow e back to the

CLEAR

state if the flow falls back inside the

Trigger

value and the operator presses the

CLEAR

soft button (as first stated above). A

Release

value that is identical to its corresponding

Trigger

value has the same effect as if it were not configured (it prevents automatic recovery from that direction).

The


cannot be configured to a value greater than 3600 (one hour). If the


is configured to zero, it is effectively disabled and displays as

NONE.

Any

Trigger

or

Release

value that is set to zero is effectively disabled and displays as

NONE.

This includes the

Low Trigger

, so if the user wishes to alarm on zero flow, he must set the

Low Trigger

to a very small, but non-zero, flow value. Disabling a

Trigger

value causes the corresponding release value to be also disabled. If a

Release

value is disabled, or set to the same value as the corresponding

Trigger,

then the flowmeter will not automatically release an alarm caused by that trigger (the

CLEAR

soft button must be pressed to release the alarm).

The

CLEAR

soft button appears on the screen in the

ALARMING

state and also in the

ALARMED

state if an


has been set or if no

Release

value has been set for the

Trigger

that caused the alarm.

If the

CLEAR

soft button is pressed when in the

ALARMING

state, the countdown of the


will re-start, providing extra time to correct the problem.

If the

CLEAR


ALARMED

state and when an

Alarm

Delay Time

has been set, then the relay will de-activate, the

Status:

display will read

CLEARING

in white-on-black and the

CLEAR

soft button will disappear. The intent is that the operator now goes and fixes whatever caused the flow to go out of bounds. If the flow falls within the

Release

limits before the alarm delay time expires, then the

Status:

display will read

CLEAR

and the relay will remain de-activated. If the number of seconds set in the

Alarm Delay Time:

field passes after the

CLEAR

soft button is pressed and the flow rate is still outside of the

Release

limits, then the relay reactivates, the

Status:

display will read

ALARMED

and everything will be as it was before the soft button was pressed.

If the

CLEAR


ALARMED

state and when no

Alarm

Delay Time

has been set and no

Release


Trigger

that caused the alarm, then what happens depends on whether the flow has fallen back inside the

Trigger

value. If it has, the alarm will be cleared. If it hasn’t then nothing will happen.

None of the settings of a relay channel configured to monitor Flow Rate can be changed from the Process Control screen. The , and

EDIT

soft buttons do not appear.


Page 62

8.3.4

More on

Alarm

Conditions

This section contains additional explanation of the conditions under which an alarm condition is cleared.

The flowmeter will clear an alarm condition automatically if and only if a

Release


Trigger

value that caused the alarm. For example, if the alarm was caused by the flow rate falling below the

Low Trigger

, then the alarm will be automatically cleared if a

Low Release

has been set. Whether or not a

High Release

is set in this case is of no consequence. If a

Release

value has not been set, the alarm is said to be “latched”. A latched alarm can only be cleared if the user presses the

CLEAR

soft button and the flow rate has fallen back inside the

Trigger

values.

The effect of setting an


is to add states in which an alarm condition exists but the relay is temporarily not energized. During these states, the alarm condition may clear and the relay will then remain de-energized. These states end when the


elapses and if at that time the alarm condition has not cleared then the relay will energize.

The four combinations of a set

Release

value (for the alarming Trigger value) and an


are as follows:

!

!

!

?

Release

value, no

Alarm Delay Time -

the alarm is latched and can only be cleared by the user pressing the

CLEAR

soft button when the flow rate has fallen inside the

Trigger

value.

Release

value, but no


alarm clears automatically as soon as the flow rate falls inside the

Trigger

value (the

CLEAR

soft button serves no purpose).

No

Release

value, an


is set

-

the alarm is latched (will never clear automatically) and must be cleared by the user pressing the

CLEAR

soft button, however, as well as clearing on the press if the flow is inside the

Trigger

value, it will also clear if the flow falls inside the

Trigger

value while the

Alarm

Delay Time

is being counted down (the channel is in the

CLEARING

state).

Release

value and an


the alarm clears whenever the flow rate falls inside the

Trigger

value and the purpose of the

CLEAR

soft button is only to temporarily de-energize the relay.


Page 63

9.0 User PC Software

This section describes the Sonic-Pro User PC Software application.

Any flowmeter model can be equipped with a

Communications Package

that includes circuitry, connector panel and custom User PC Software. When connected to a computer running the software, any model can perform the

Model 3

functions described in this manual including program editing and data logging downloads directly into the PC.

The Software user interface mimics the 5button touch pad so learning to use the software application is simple. Simply clicking on the buttons is the same as pressing the buttons on the SPU touch pad.

Pressing and holding shift while clicking on a button simulates pressing and holding a button on the touch pad.

9.1

Software

Installation

9.2

Making connections

The Software installation files are located on the CD that was shipped in the flowmeter.

Open the CD and double click SETUP. Follow the instructions to install the Sonic-Pro software onto your PC.

When opening the software, a connection type must be selected. Chose ETHERNET,

RS-232 or USB.

9.2.1

Ethernet

Connection

If connecting via ETHERNET, select a meter from the pull-down menu and press

DONE to activate the selected meter. If the display does not activate of if some of the data is not displayed, disconnect the meter by clicking on OPERATION in the upper left corner pull down menu and click

DISCONNECT. Re-select the meter and press DONE.

To ADD a new meter to the pull-down menu, press ADD, input a name for the new meter, input the meter IP ADDRESS and IP PORT number (usually 26000). Press SAVE

EDITS. The IP ADDRESS must match the IP address configured in the meter SPU. See section 5.2.1 of this manual. If the meter is installed on a network, the IP address must be an address that is available to the network. Contact your IT department for assistance with network configurations. The new meter can now be selected and activated.

An unlimited number of meters may be added to the pull-down menu but only one meter at a time may be selected.


Page 64

9.2.2

Serial & USB

Connection

If connecting via RS-232, you must select a

SERIAL COM PORT number.

If connecting via USB, you must select also select a COM PORT number. This is because the USB connection utilizes a

USB/SERIAL conversion method.

First connect the USB cable to the SPU.

Once connected, the new COM PORT number should automatically appear in the pull-down menu and can now be selected. (It will most likely be the largest number port shown.)

NOTE: On some computers, an adjustment will be need to be made to the “latency timer” setting on the USB COM port to enable proper communications. Go to

Control Panel

/

Systems and maintenance

/

Device Manager

. Select

PORTS

. Double click

USB

CONVERTER

. Select the

PORT SETTINGS

tab. Click

ADVANCED

. Set

LATENCY

TIMER

to a value of 1. Save the settings.

9.3

Retrieving Log

Data

When the software is connected to the SPU and activated, ALL log data that is stored in the SPU buffer is automatically downloaded to a folder named “Ultrasonic Flowmeter” and placed on the computer’s C: drive. Log data is stored in a .TXT file.

The SPU can store approximately 10,000 logs. New logs will replace old logs on a first in - first out protocol.

Each individual log file consists of Date, Time, Flow Rate value, and Flow Total value.

2008/07/15 07:18:27 Rate: 3.241483 Total: 147.137275 Code:

Note that log files stored on the SD memory card are not affected by the SPU buffer.


User Notes

Page 65


Page 66

10.1

Complete

Flowmeter

Model Number

System

10.0 Indexes

Contact your local distributor for available model numbers

10.2

Additional

Transducers

Model Number

System

Contact your local distributor for available model numbers


Page 67

10.3 Specifications

General Operation_______________________

Measuring Principle

Hybrid. User-selectable Doppler or Transit Time operating modes.

Fluid Types

Virtually any acoustically conductive fluid.

Transit time mode operation from 0% to 10% (0 to 100,000 ppm) particulate.

Doppler mode operation from 0.02% to 15% (200 to 150,000 ppm) of 50 micron particulate.

Fluid Velocity Range

0.25 to 30 feet per second (0 to 9 meters per second)

Nominal Pipe Sizes

Doppler mode: 1.0 inch - 100 inch (63mm to 2500mm)

Transit time mode: 1.5 inch - 100 inch (63mm to 2500mm)

Pipe Materials

Most metal and plastic pipes

Pipe Liner Materials

Most plastic and concrete liners

Pipe Material Pipe Size Ranges Max Pipe Wall

Brass (Naval) 2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm) .500” (13mm)

Copper .500” (13mm)

FRP (fiberglass Reinforced Plastic)

Iron (cast)

Iron (ductile)

Nylon

Polyethylene (HDPE)

Polyethylene (LDPE)

Polypropylene

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

2.00” (50mm)

2.00” (50mm)

1.00” (25mm)

.500” (13mm)

PVC / CPVC

304 Stainless Steel

304L Stainless Steel

316 Stainless Steel

Steel (1% carbon hard)

Steel (carbon)

Titanium

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

1“ to 100” (25mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2“ to 100” (63mm to 2500mm)

2.00” (50mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

.500” (13mm)

Note: Consult the factory for an updated list of pipe materials.

Accuracy

Flow Rate

Averaging Time

5.0 Seconds

(default setting)

1.0 Seconds

0.5 Seconds

Transit Time Accuracy at at Nominal Pipe Sizes

+/-1% of rate > 1 ft/sec

+/-0.01 ft/sec < 1 ft/sec


+/-0.05 ft/sec < 5 ft/sec


+/-0.25 ft/sec < 12 ft/sec

Flow Rate

Averaging Time

Doppler Accuracy at Nominal Pipe Sizes

3/4” to 100” nominal pipe size

5.0 Seconds

(default setting)

1.0 Seconds

0.5 Seconds


+/-0.25 ft/sec < 12 ft/sec


+/-0.25 ft/sec < 12 ft/sec


+/-0.25 ft/sec < 12 ft/sec

Shipping Specifications

Carton Dimensions: 21” x 17” x 9-1/2”

Carton Weight: 24 lbs. (10.9 Kg.)

SPU (Signal Processing Unit)_____________

Enclosure

NEMA 4X (IP66), Powder coated aluminum, SS clamps and hardware.

Dimensions: 11.00H x 8.60W x 5.00D inches (279H x 218W x 127D mm)

Weight 9.5 lb. (4.3 Kg.)

Mounting

Wall, pipe (vertical or horizontal) or panel mounting. Hardware included.

Panel opening: 10.63H x 8.10W inches ( 270H x 206W mm)

Panel Depth. Rear: 2.78 inches (71 mm), Front : 2.18 inches (55 mm)

Power Requirements

110-240 VAC 50/60Hz or 15-30 VDC; 40 watts maximum

Operating Temperature

14 F to 140 F (-10 C to 60 C)

Storage:

-40 F to 158 F (-40 C to 70 C)

Display

320 x 240 pixel QVGA backlit LCD, UV resistant.

Simultaneous Rate and Total: 10 digit maximum + exponent to E+32

Decimal location configurable to 10 places.

Display Languages

English, Spanish, French or German selectable.

Keypad

Five-button positive action tactile switch keypad.

Security

Programmable master password and individual configuration passwords.

Display Volume Units

Independently configurable Rate and Total display units in: U.S.

Gallons, ounces, barrels (US liquid), barrels (US oil), cubic feet, acre feet, Imperial (British) gallons, liter, cubic meter, or user defined

“custom” units. Rate display in feet or meters per second.

Display Time Units

Seconds, minutes, hours, days.

Display/Output Update Time

Selectable: 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 (default), 2.5, 5.0 seconds.

Flow Rate Display Averaging

Selectable: 0.50, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 (default), 10.0 seconds.

!

Data Outputs

Isolated 4-20 mA output - fully configurable, invertible

(maximum load 1000 ohm resistance)

!

0-1000 Hz Open collector pulse output - fully configurable, invertible

(5-30 Vdc, 50% duty cycle)

Data Logging

Date/time stamped flow rate and total data in FAT32 file format, easily imported into Excel. Configurable to trigger on time interval (1-999,999 sec), rate and/or total set-point values. Over 500,000 log events possible with included 32MB SD Card.

Process Control

Three independently configurable 10 amp Form C, NO/NC relays.

!

Configure to flow rate for high/low/range rate alarm. Programmable

!

release values enable auto release or manual latching operation.

Configure to flow total for manual trigger batch operations or automatically triggered, timed batch operations.

External Communications

!

!

Computer connection via RS-232, RS485, USB, Ethernet.

!

Includes user communication and configuration software

Permits remote internet access through local network set-up

Remotely access and upload data logging files.

Clamp-On Transducers_______________

Housing

NEMA 6P (IP67), Nickel plated aluminum, ss clamps & hardware.

Dimensions: 3.12H x 2.95W x 1.60D in. (79H x 75W x 41D mm)

Weight (excluding cable): 0.8 lb. (0.4 kg.) each

Cable

Shielded coaxial RG/U Type:59. PVC jacket, black. RoHS Compt.

Standard length: 10 ft. (3m)

Optional lengths available: 25 ft. (7m), 50 ft. (15m), 100 ft. (30m)

Nominal Pipe Sizes

A series transducer: 1.0 inch - 100 inch (63mm to 2500mm)

Pipe Surface Temperature

O O O


Page 68

10.4 Pipe dimensional data

Pipe Size

Dn O.D.

5s

18.000

20.000

22.000

24.000

26.000

28.000

30.000

32.000

34.000

36.000

42.000

48.000

2.375

2.875

3.500

4.000

4.500

5.563

6.625

8.625

10.750

12.750

14.000

16.000

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

42

48

2

2 ½

3

3 ½

8

6

5

4

.083

.109

.109

.109

.134

.156

.065

.083

.083

.083

.156

.165

.165

.188

.219

.250

5 10s 10

.250

.312

.312

.312

.312

.312

.312

.250

.250

.250

.250

.312

.120

.134

.134

.148

.165

.180

.250

.250

.109

.120

.120

.120

.120

.134

.134

.148

.165

.180

.109

.120

.120

.120

.188

.188

.188

.219

.083

.109

.109

.109

.134

.165

.065

.083

.083

.083

20

.312

.375

.375

.375

.500

.203

.203

.250

.250

.250

.312

.312

.500

.500

.500

.500

.500

30

.625

.625

.625

.625

.625

.375

.375

40s &

Std.

.375

.375

.375

.375

.375

.375

.375

.375

.375

.375

.375

.375

.237

.258

.280

.322

.365

.375

.375

.375

.154

.203

.216

.226

.438

.500

.500

.562

.277

.307

.330

.375

.375

40

.237

.258

.280

.322

.365

.406

.154

.203

.216

.226

.438

.500

.562

.594

.688

.688

.688

.750

ASTM D 1785

I.P.S. Pipe Size Schedules

Wall (inches)

60

.281

.750

.812

.875

.969

.406

.500

.562

.594

.656

80s &

XH

.337

.375

.432

.500

.500

.500

.500

.500

.218

.276

.300

.318

.500

.500

.500

.500

.500

80 100 120 140 160 XXH

.337

.375

.432

.500

.594

.688

.750

.844

.218

.276

.300

.318

.938

1.031

1.125

1.219

.594

.719

.844

.938

1.031

1.156

1.281

1.375

1.531

.438

.500

.562

.719

.844

1.000

1.094

1.219

1.375

1.500

1.625

1.812

.344

.375

.438

.812

1.000

1.125

1.250

1.438

1.562

1.750

1.875

2.062

.531

.625

.719

.906

1.125

1.312

1.406

1.594

1.781

1.969

2.125

2.344

.674

.750

.864

.875

1.000

1.000

.436

.522

.600

.636

SDR

41

.439

.488

.585

ASTM D 2241

Pressure rated pipe

Wall (inches)

SDR

26

.173

.214

.255

.332

.413

.490

.091

.110

.135

.154

.538

.615

.692

.769

.923

BS 3505

PVC-U Pressure Pipe

Wall (inches)

.141

.157

.189

.220

.275

.322

.354

.401

.468

.519

SDR

21

.214

.265

.316

.410

.113

.137

.167

.190

Class

B

Class

C

Class

D

Class

E

.122

.118

.141

.161

.145

.208

.177

.220

.255

.204

.248

.295

.346

.429

.507

.555

.637

.716

.795

.326

.397

.480

.555

.688

.818

.897

1.023

.267

.326

.389

.456

.563

.669

.732

.830

.937

.618

.948

.500

.500

.500

.500

.500

.500

Pipe Size

Dn O.D.

4.80

6.90

9.05

11.10

13.20

15.30

17.40

19.50

21.60

25.80

32.00

38.30

44.50

50.80

57.56

61.61

65.67

10

12

14

16

18

8

6

4

20

24

30

36

42

48

54

60

64

50

.43

.47

.51

.36

.38

.39

.57

.25

.27

.29

.31

.33

.34

.35

ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51

Ductile Iron Pipe Thickness Class

Wall (inches)

51

.41

.43

.48

.37

.38

.39

.53

.58

.65

.26

.28

.30

.32

.34

.36

52

.44

.47

.53

.40

.41

.42

.59

.65

.73

.29

.31

.33

.35

.37

.39

53

.47

.51

.58

.43

.44

.45

.65

.72

.81

.32

.34

.36

.38

.40

.42

54

.35

.37

.39

.41

.43

.45

.46

.47

.48

.50

.55

.63

.71

.79

.89

55

.38

.40

.42

.44

.46

.48

.49

.50

.51

.53

.59

.68

.77

.86

.97

56

.56

.63

.73

.52

.53

.54

.83

.93

1.05

.41

.43

.45

.47

.49

.51

ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51

Ductile Iron Pipe Pressure Class

Wall (inches)

150

.34

.38

.41

.46

.51

.54

.56

200

.52

.58

.61

.64

.33

.38

.42

.47

250

.28

.30

.31

.33

.37

.42

.47

.52

.58

.65

.68

.72

300

.30

.32

.34

.36

.40

.45

.51

.57

.64

.72

.76

.80

350

.79

.83

.87

.25

.25

.25

.26

.28

.31

.43

.49

.56

.34

.36

.38

.63

.70

AWWA C900 / C905

PVC Water pipe

Wall (inches)

DR

18

.267

.383

.503

.617

.733

.850

.967

1.083

1.200

DR

25

.696

.780

.864

1.032

.192

.276

.362

.444

.528

.612

DR

14

.343

.493

.646

.793

.943


Pipe Size

Dn O.D.

200

225

250

140

160

180

280

315

63

75

90

110

125

500

560

630

355

400

450

160

180

200

225

250

280

63

75

90

110

125

140

315

355

400

450

500

560

630

DIN 8062

PVC-U Pipe

Wall (millimeters)

2.5

2.8

3.2

1.8

1.8

2.2

3.6

4.0

4.5

4.9

PN 4 PN 6 PN 10 PN 16 PN 20

6.2

3.7

4.1

4.7

5.3

5.9

1.9

2.2

2.7

3.2

6.6

7.3

8.2

9.2

6.0

6.7

7.7

8.6

9.6

3.0

3.6

4.3

5.3

10.8

11.9

13.4

15.0

9.3

10.4

11.9

13.4

14.9

4.7

5.6

6.7

8.2

16.7

18.0

20.8

23.4

7.0

8.4

10.0

12.3

11.7

19.1

29.7

14.6

23.9

18.4

Pipe Dimensional Data

Tube Size

ASTM B 88

Copper Tube Type Sizes

Wall (inches)

Dn O.D.

K L M

2.125

2.625

3.125

3.625

4.125

5.125

6.125

8.125

10.125

12.125

6

5

8

3.5

4

10

12

2

2.5

3

.192

.271

.338

.405

.083

.095

.109

.120

.134

.160

.122

.170

.212

.254

.058

.065

.072

.083

.095

.109

.140

.200

.250

.280

.070

.080

.090

.100

.110

.125

Tube Size

Dn O.D.

ASTM A269/A270

SS Tube Gauge Sizes

Wall (inches)

16 14 12

2

2.5

3

6

4

2.000

2.500

3.000

4.000

6.000

.065

.065

.065

.065

.065

.083

.083

.083

.083

.083

.109

.109

.109

.109

.109

Page 69


Page 70

10.5 Sound speed data

Fluid Sound Speeds

1, 1, 1-trichloroethane

Fluid Temp. (°C)

25

1-propanol 20

Acetone (Dimethyl ketone; 2-propanone)

Alcohol (Ethyl alcohol; Ethanol)

20

25

Benzene 25

Bromine 25

Butyl acetate

Carbon dioxide

Carbon tetrachloride

20

-37

20

Chlorobenezene

Chloroform

Diethyl ether

Diethyl Ketone

Diethylene glycol

Ether

Ethyl acetate

Ethyl ether

Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol / water (50%)

20

25

25

25

25

20

20

25

20

25

Gasoline

Glycerol

Iso-butane

Isobutanol

Isopropyl alcohol

Kerosene

Linalool

Linseed Oil

Methyl acetate

Methyl alcohol (Methanol)

Methyl ethyl Ketone

Methylene chloride

Milk, homogenized m-xylene n-butane -5 n-propyl acetate 2

25

20

25

25

20

20

25

20

20

25

25

25

25

25

Octane 25

Oil, (Lubricating X200) 25

Oil, castor 25

Oil, diesel

Oil, motor (SAE 20/30)

Oil, olive

Oil, Paraffin

25

20

25

20

Oil, peanut

Oil, Transformer

25

20 o-xylene 25

Pentane 25

Petroleum 20

Refrigerant 11

Refrigerant 113

Refrigerant 114

Refrigerant 115

Refrigerant 12

0

0

-10

-50

-40

Refrigerant 14

Refrigerant 21

Refrigerant 22

Refrigerant C318

Silicone (30cp)

Solvesso #3

Tetrachloroethane

25

20

Toluene 20

Trichloroethylene 20

Turpentine 25

20

0

50

-10

25

Water (distilled; waste)

Water, heavy

Water, sea

Wood alcohol

20

20

20

25

1076

1210

1070

1548

1343

1085

1280

1250

1904

1220

1212

1170

1324

1400

1770

1181

Sound Speed (m/s)

985

1222

1190

1207

1306

889

1270

839

938

1006

1164

985

1658

1578

1289

931

985

1310

1586

1370

1170

1328

1050

1255

875

891

894

574

990

1481

1388

1520

1076

828

784

665

656

774

1458

1390

1332

1020

1290

1172

1530

1477

1250

1487

1431

1420

Pipe Sound Speeds

Pipe Material Sound Speed (m/s)

Acrylic 2730

Aluminum 3080

Brass (Naval)

Copper

2050

2260

CuNi (70%Cu 30%Ni)

CuNi (90%Cu 10%Ni)

FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic)

Glass, Pyrex

2540

2060

2505

3280

Inconel 3020

Iron (cast) 2460

Iron (ductile)

Monel

Nickel

3000

2720

2960

Nylon 2400

Polyethylene (HDPE) 2310

Polyethylene(LDPE)

Polypropylene

PVC/CPVC

1940

2400

2400

PVDF

Stainless Steel 302/303

Stainless Steel 304

Stainless Steel 304L

Stainless Steel 316

Stainless Steel 347

Stainless Steel 410

Stainless Steel 430

Steel (1% Carbon)

Steel (1% Carbon, hardened)

Steel (carbon)

Steel (mild)

Tin, rolled

3150

3206

3235

1670

Titanium 3125

2299

3120

3206

3070

3175

3100

2990

3360

3220

Zinc, rolled

Liner Sound Speeds

Material

Concrete (Mortar)

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

5

10

20

Water Sound Speeds

86

104

122

140

158

176

194

212

32

41

50

68

2440

Sound Speed (meters/sec)

2500

Sound Speed (meters/sec)

1403

1427

1447

1481

1507

1526

1541

1552

1555

1555

1550

1543


10.6 Troubleshooting guide

Page 71


Page 72




Page 73


P.N. 80000-430

Users of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) with the WEEE marking per Annex IV of the

WEEE Directive must not dispose of end of life EEE as unsorted municipal waste, but use the collection framework available to them for the return, recycle, recovery of WEEE and minimize any potential effects of EEE on the environment and human health due to the presence of hazardous substances. The WEEE marking applies only to countries within the European Union

(EU) and Norway. Appliances are labeled in accordance with European Directive 2002/96/EC.

Contact your local waste recovery agency for a

Designated Collection Facility

in your area.

Rev. 04132009

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