Archived 3/18/10
Model 4630
REFRAD
Reference Radiator
MANUAL
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
LICENCED FROM:
F O R S C H U N G S Z E N T R U M S E I B E R S D O R F
REV F – PN 399214
Archived 3/18/10
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
EMC Test Systems, L.P. reserves the right to make changes to any product described herein in order to improve function, design or for any other reason. Nothing contained herein shall constitute EMC Test
Systems, L.P. assuming any liability whatsoever arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein. EMC Test Systems, L.P. does not convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others.
© Copyright 2002 by EMC Test Systems, L.P. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this document may be copied by any means without written permission from EMC Test Systems, L.P.
USA
1301 Arrow Point Dr., Cedar Park, TX 78613
P.O. Box 80589, Austin, TX 78708-0589
Tel 512.531.6400 Fax 512.531.6500
E-MAIL & INTERNET
[email protected] http://www.ets-lindgren.com
FINLAND
Euroshield OY
Mekannikontie 1
27510, Eura, Finland
Tel 358.2.838.3300
Fax 358.2.865.1233
SINGAPORE
Lindgren RF Enclosures Asia-Pacific
87 Beach Road
#06-02 Chye Sing Building
Singapore 189695
Tel 65.536.7078 Fax 65.536.7093
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
Archived 3/18/10
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1
T YPICAL U SE ................................................................................................................... 1
C OMB G ENERATOR .......................................................................................................... 1
Operation of the Comb Generator .............................................................................. 1
Battery Charger .......................................................................................................... 2
R EMOTE C ONTROL U NIT .................................................................................................. 3
TECHNICAL DATA ........................................................................................................ 4
C
OMB
G
ENERATOR
.......................................................................................................... 4
Power Supply .............................................................................................................. 4
Output Signal – Comb Spectrum ................................................................................. 4
Remote Control ........................................................................................................... 4
Temperature Range ..................................................................................................... 4
R EMOTE C ONTROL ........................................................................................................... 6
Power Supply .............................................................................................................. 6
GPIB Bus .................................................................................................................... 6
GPIB Command Set .................................................................................................... 6
GPIB Examples ........................................................................................................... 7
Fiber Optic Out ........................................................................................................... 7
Temperature Range ..................................................................................................... 7
O
PERATION
I
NVENTORY
.................................................................................................. 7
A
CCESSORIES
................................................................................................................... 8
Transmit Antennas ...................................................................................................... 8
Tripod Mounting Accessories ..................................................................................... 8
Fiber Optic Link .......................................................................................................... 8
Coaxial Adapter .......................................................................................................... 8
Reference Cable and Attenuator ................................................................................. 8
(Not Supplied with System) ......................................................................................... 8
APPLICATIONS .............................................................................................................. 9
S ITE I NTERCOMPARISON .................................................................................................. 9
N
ORMALIZED
S
ITE
A
TTENUATION
................................................................................... 9
S
YSTEM
C
HECKOUT
....................................................................................................... 10
C ABLE L OSS ................................................................................................................... 11
C HAMBER F ACTOR ......................................................................................................... 11
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 12
C
OMB
G
ENERATOR
........................................................................................................ 12
R EMOTE C ONTROL U NIT ................................................................................................ 12
CERTIFICATE ............................................................................................................... 14
WARRANTY STATEMENT ........................................................................................ 15
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
Archived 3/18/10
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
NOTICE: This product and related documentation must be reviewed for
familiarization with safety markings and instructions before operation.
SAFETY SYMBOL DEFINITIONS
!
REFER TO MANUAL
When product is marked with this symbol refer to instruction manual for additional information.
HIGH VOLTAGE
Indicates the presence of hazardous voltage. Unsafe practices could result in severe personal injury or death.
PROTECTIVE EARTH GROUND (SAFETY GROUND)
Indicates protective earth terminal. You should provide an uninterruptible safety earth ground from the main power source to the product input wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord set.
CAUTION
CAUTION
Denotes a hazard. Failure to follow instructions could result in minor personal injury and/or property damage. Included text gives proper procedures.
GENERAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
E
F
U S E
US
F
WARRANTY
FUSE
2 A: 250 V T
G P I B
G P I B
G P I B
G P I B
BEFORE POWER IS APPLIED TO THIS INSTRUMENT, GROUND IT
PROPERLY through the protective conductor of the AC power cable to a power source provided with protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal could result in personal injury.
BEFORE SERVICING: CONTACT EMC TEST SYSTEMS – servicing (or modifying) the unit by yourself may void your warranty. If you attempt to service the unity by yourself, disconnect all electrical power before starting. There are voltages at many points in the instrument which could, if contacted cause personal injury. Only trained service personnel should perform adjustments and/or service procedures upon this instrument. Capacitors inside this instrument may still be CHARGED
even when the instrument is disconnected from its power source.
TO AVOID A SAFETY HAZARD, replace fuses with the same current rating and type (normal blow, time delay, etc.). Order any replacement parts direct from ETS.
TO AVOID UNDUE MECHANICAL STRESS on the GPIB I/O
CONNECTOR, limit connector stacking to no more than three cables on one connector.
ONLY QUALIFIED PERSONEL should operate (or service) this equipment.
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
Archived 3/18/10
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The EMC Test Systems Model 4630 Refrad Reference Radiator is a precise highly stable field strength transfer standards with selectable frequency spacings over the range of 10 kHz to 1 GHz.
The system consists of a small battery powered comb generator with a loop and two dipole transmit antennas, a coaxial output adapter, and a remote control unit with GPIB interface.
TYPICAL USE
1. Set up comb generator and remote control unit.
2. Connect both devices via the fiber optic cable. You may clean the connectors with a soft lint-free cloth if necessary.
3. The comb generator has to be operated in remote mode to be used with the remote control unit.
4. Operation by a remote computer is possible. (see the ‘Remote
Control Unit’ section)
5. The comb generator should be recharged after each use.
(battery charger with cable and power supply supplied)
COMB GENERATOR
OPERATION OF THE COMB GENERATOR
1. Plug the selected antenna elements into the balun on the comb generator.
2. For horizontal and vertical antenna polarization, use the supplied support base, support rod, and clamp bock for tripod mounting.
3. Select any comb spectrum by rotating the front panel knob to the desired setting (0.01 MHz, 1.0 MHz, or 5.0 MHz). To transfer to the remote control unit rotate the knob to the
“REMOTE” setting.
4. To recharge the comb generator after use, put the ON/OFF switch in the CHARGE/OFF position and insert the battery charger output plug into the comb generator’s input socket.
1 © EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
Archived 3/18/10
Introduction MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
REFRAD
Comb Generator
Rotary switch for manual selection of a comb spectrum
MODEL 4630
REFRAD COMB GENERATOR Fiber optic input for remote control
REMOTE
0.01 MHz
5.0 MHz 1.0 MHz
F.O. INPUT
Clamp block
LED power on indicator
Support rod
/ ON
Support base
Tripod
Battery charger input ON / OFF switch
FIGURE 1. REFRAD Comb Generator
Front Panel.
Insert the battery charger output plug into the comb generator’s input socket.
(see the following Battery Charger topic for more information)
FIGURE 2. Tripod Mounting of REFRAD Comb Generator
BATTERY CHARGER
There is one red LED and one green LED on the body of the separate battery charger. The “Power On” LED illuminates when the chargers is plugged into the 20V DC power supply. Power is supplied to the supply via the IEC 302-type power inlet. The supplied safety-certified power cord should always be used to maintain safe operation.
A solid red LED indicates fast charge mode. When the red LED flashes, the charger is operating in a pre-charge mode. As the
2 © EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
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MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR Introduction battery nears full charge, the charge will begin to operate in a
TOP-OFF/TRICKLE mode. This is indicated by the green LED.
The power supply uses a green LED to indicate that power is applied. In case of a fault condition, the green LED with be extinguished.
NOTE: The REFRAD comb generator is not designed to operate using the battery charger as a power source.
REMOTE CONTROL UNIT
1. Connect the remote control unit to the GPIB-bus.
2. Connect the 9 V DC plug-in power supply.
Note: Use only the power supply included with the unit.
3. With the comb generator set to “REMOTE” mode, the front panel knob on the remote control unit may be used to select any comb spectrum manually. The comb spectrum may also be selected by a remote computer connected to the GPIB (IEEE-
488) bus with the control knobs on both the comb generator and remote control unit set to “REMOTE”. Note settings in to illustration below.
LEDs
(for selection indication)
MODEL 4630
REFRAD REMOTE
CONTROL UNIT
STAND BY 0.01 MHz 1.00 MHz 5.00 MHz
REMOTE
ON
POWER
OFF
Rotary switch
(for manual selection of a comb spectrum,
REMOTE mode, or STAND BY mode)
ON / OFF switch
FIGURE 3. REFRAD Remote Control Unit Front Panel.
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
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Technical Data MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
TECHNICAL DATA
COMB GENERATOR
POWER SUPPLY
One (1), internal 12 VNIMh 3.5 Ah.
Factory serviceable only.
OUTPUT SIGNAL – COMB SPECTRUM
C
B
A
RANGE
(MHz)
0.01-1
1-100
100-1000
(MHz)
0.01
1
5
OUTPUT
POWER
Per line, typical (dBm)
-17 to -20
-10 to –18
-10 to –30
CAUTION For measuring the direct output signal, the comb generator has to be connected via an attenuator (attenuation 30 dB) to protect the test receiver or spectrum analyzer.
REMOTE CONTROL
Connection is made with Hewlett Packard low-loss plastic fiber optic cable with simplex-type connectors.
TEMPERATURE RANGE
+5 degrees to +30 degrees C.
4 © EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
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MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR Technical Data
10 kHz SPECTRUM
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
0.01
0.1
FREQUENCY (MHz)
1
1 MHz SPECTRUM
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
1 10
FREQUENCY (MHz)
100
5 MHz SPECTRUM
0
-10
-20
-70
-80
-90
-100
-30
-40
-50
-60
-110
10 100
FREQUENCY (MHz)
1,000
FIGURE 4. Typical comb generator output spectrum in the three frequency ranges.
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
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Technical Data
6
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
REMOTE CONTROL
POWER SUPPLY
GPIB
ADDR
A5 A4 A3 A2 A1
0 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
1 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
2 OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
3 OFF OFF OFF ON ON
4 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
5 OFF OFF ON OFF ON
6 OFF OFF ON ON OFF
Plug in power supply, 9V DC, 50 mA.
GPIB BUS
Selection of address
The GPIB address (DEFAULT) is changed by removing the top of the remote control unit and
8 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
9 OFF ON OFF OFF ON
10 OFF ON OFF ON OFF
11 OFF ON OFF ON ON
12 OFF ON ON OFF OFF
13 OFF ON ON OFF ON
14 OFF ON ON ON OFF
15 OFF ON ON ON ON
16 ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
17 ON OFF OFF OFF ON
18 ON OFF OFF ON OFF
19 ON OFF OFF ON ON
20 ON OFF ON OFF OFF
21 ON OFF ON OFF ON
22 ON OFF ON ON OFF
23 ON OFF ON ON ON
24 ON ON OFF OFF OFF
25 ON ON OFF OFF ON
26 ON ON OFF ON OFF
27 ON ON OFF ON ON
29 ON ON ON OFF ON
30 ON ON ON ON OFF
31 ON ON ON ON ON
Address - Switch setting table selecting the desired switch settings on the GPIB interface boards (see diagram below). The table relates the switch setting to the actual address. (Note that moving the switch up turns it on and pushing it down turns it off.)
GPIB COMMAND SET
The GPIB commands are listed in the following table:
LINE SPACING
Standby “0”
0.01 MHz
1 MHz
5 MHz
GPIB
COMMAND
“1”
“2”
“3”
NOTE: The commands have to sent without termination character(s) and without “CRIF”.
FIGURE 5. Remote Control Unit System Diagram.
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
Archived 3/18/10
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR Technical Data
GPIB EXAMPLES ibwrt”0” sets STBY MODE ibwrt”1” ibwrt“2” sets 10 kHz MODE sets 1 MHz MODE ibwrt“3” sets 5 MHz MODE
FIBER OPTIC OUT
Hewlett Packard Simplex connector
TEMPERATURE RANGE
+5 degrees to +30 degrees C.
OPERATION INVENTORY
Comb Generator
Remote Control Unit
10 m Fiber Optic Cable
Power Supply 9 VDC
Square Loop Antenna Assembly
Long Dipole Antenna Elements
Balun Assembly
Short Dipole Antenna Elements
Balun Assembly
Support Base
Support Block
Clamp Block
Battery Charger with Cable
Coax Adapter
REFRAD Manual
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
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Technical Data MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
ACCESSORIES
TRANSMIT ANTENNAS
The system includes three antennas:
Long dipole antenna, element length 650mm
(for use with 10 kHz spacing)
Square loop, side length 300mm
(use for generating magnetic field)
Short dipole antenna, element length 200mm
(for use with 1 MHz and 5 MHz spacing)
TRIPOD MOUNTING ACCESSORIES
The following tripod accessories are included with the system:
Support rod
Support base
Clamp block
FIBER OPTIC LINK
Fiber optic link: Simplex connectors, standard length: 10m. Fiber optic link
COAXIAL ADAPTER
Provides a means to adapt the output of the comb generator to a type “N” coaxial connector.
REFERENCE CABLE AND ATTENUATOR
(NOT SUPPLIED WITH SYSTEM)
Reference cable: Coaxial cable, length 25 cm.
Connectors: Type BNC male – Type N male
Attenuator:30 dB, BNC
8 © EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
Archived 3/18/10
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
The following applications assume the use of CalStan software. It allows automatic measurements, data processing and documentation of test results. See CalStan’s manual for further information. CalStan is available from:
Austrian Research Center
Division of Electronics Electromagnetic Compatibility
Radio Frequency – Engineering Section
A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. Tel: +432254-780-2800. [email protected]
Other applications are possible using the REFRAD as a fieldstrength transfer standard.
For outdoor operations, precautions have to be taken in order to avoid radio interference.
SITE INTERCOMPARISON
Intercomparisions are demanded by EN 45001 for all accredited test laboratories, but are useful for all other laboratories as well.
To carry out an intercomparision, the reference radiator REFRAD is set up in the center of the turntable. By analogy to NSA measurements, the REFRAD is operated with dipole and loop antennas at two heights above ground in horizontal and vertical polarization. The frequency range is 30-1000 MHz. This procedure requires no more than half a day. Computer control assures efficient, fault less operation and the data is automatically processed. Differences with respect to data from other sites can be plotted and analyzed.
NORMALIZED SITE ATTENUATION
Normalized site attenuation (NSA) measurements are carried out according to ANSI 63.4 and CISPR/A(Secr.)109, July, 1991. The frequency range is 30 - 1000 MHz. The “volume method” has to be applied: The transmilt antenna with the reference radiator
9 © EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
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APPLICATIONS
10
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
REFRAD connected to it has to be set up at 10 different positions on the turntable. These positions are specified in the reference documents. The receive antenna is kept co-polarized at a constant horizontal distance and is always facing the transmit antenna.
Transmission loss between the transmit and receive antennas is measured according to the standard test procedure (height scan of the receiving antenna) for each frequency and polarization.
During operation with CalStan, the REFRAD, test receiver or spectrum analyzer, and antenna positioning mast are remotely controlled. The operator is guided through the procedure by commands appearing on the screen.
Data processing can de done after the antenna factors of the transmit and receive antennas have been entered. Then, the measured NSA is computed and plotted against the values given in the standards. The +/- 4 dB- range is also shown for easy judgment of the measurement results.
SYSTEM CHECKOUT
The system checkout is an efficient method for regular routine checks of the whole system for radiated-emissions tests on the test site. The REFRAD is set up on the turntable as the equipment under test.
The signal from the comb generator is automatically measured and the data is compared to the values that were measured previously.
Any observed differences are listed on the screen, otherwise the statement “OK” is given.
This procedure is an “overall” check, the receive antenna, preamplifier, antenna cable and test receiver or spectrum analyzer operates as they do during routine radiated-emission testing. If any component is defective, differing field-strengths will result.
The system checkout requires not more than 10 minutes. It is a useful tool for quality control and should be performed once a week. The computer automatically keeps a logbook of all performed system checkouts. This logbook is a valuable element of quality assurance of the EMC test laboratory.
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
Archived 3/18/10
MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR APPLICATIONS
CABLE LOSS
The cable loss D
K
is the difference between two measurements of the receiver power level.
D
K
(dB) = P
O
(dBm) – P
K
(dBm)
P
O
is measured with the comb generator connect to the test receiver via the 30 dB attenuator. For the measurement of P
K
, both the cable and the 30 dB attenuator are connected between the comb generator and receiver.
CHAMBER FACTOR
The chamber factor is intended for the testing of absorber – lined chambers, where the +/- 4 dB – tolerance given by ANSI and
CISPR is exceeded in the frequency range of 30 MHz approximately 200 MHz. Chamber factors are determined by comparison measurements with a standard open area test site.
The REFRAD acts as a field-strength transfer standard. It is operated separately with both the dipole and the loop transmit antennas. This is necessary in order to generate both fields having a high wave impedance in the near-field of the source and fields having a low wave impedance.
The reflection loss of common broadband pyramidal absorber material is a function of the wave impedance. This procedure, therefore, simulates extreme cases of possible characteristics of equipment under test.
The “volume method” given by ANSI and CISPR is applied similar to the NSA measurement. For each point, a comparison measurement is carried out using the dipole as the transmit antenna and another measurement using the loop. Each of these comparison measurements yields a correction factor. When all of the correction factors for one polarization are plotted onto one graph, a typical spread is found at each frequency. The upper envelope curve of the
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
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Functional Description MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR correction factors is the worst – case chamber factor. The mean between the upper and lower envelope curve is the mean chamber factor.
Chamber factors (in dB) are to be added to the field-strengths (in dB
μV/m) measured in the camber in order to achieve open-site equivalents (in dB
μV/m).
During operation with CalStan, the REFRAD, test receiver or spectrum analyzer, and antenna positioning mast are remotely controlled. The operator is guided through the procedure by commands appearing on the screen.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
COMB GENERATOR
Functional groups: Remote control decoder
Switching supply
The clock signal from the crystal oscillator is divided to the selected pulse repetition rate. With this signal the pulse generator produces nano-second pulses with a very high amplitude, requiring a voltage of 70 V generatored by the switching power supply. A resistive 50 Ohm matching network is provide between the pulse generator and the output.
Due to the use of a regulated switching power supply, the output amplitude is stable for a 4.4 to 6 V power supply range.
REMOTE CONTROL UNIT
Functional groups: GPIB – bus decoder control encoder
12 © EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
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MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR Functional Description
The position of the selection switch determines whether the device is GPIB controlled (REMOTE) or manually controlled. In manual control mode the selected spectrum is generated independently of the actual GPIB sate.
NOTE: For remote control operation of the comb generator, the selection switch on the comb generator must be in the remote position.
© EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
REV F – PN 399214
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Certificate MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR
CERTIFICATE
THE FOLLOWING TESTS HAVE BEEN PERFORMED
BEFORE DELIVERY:
• Check of the pulse spectrum shapes
• Measurement of the output power
• Check of the optical interconnection
14 © EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
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MODEL 4630 REFRAD REFERENCE RADIATOR Warranty Statement
WARRANTY STATEMENT
EMC Test Systems, L.P., hereinafter referred to as the Seller, warrants that standard EMCO products are free from defect in materials and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from date of shipment. Standard EMCO Products include the following:
Antennas, Loops, Horns
GTEM cells, TEM cells, Helmholtz Coils
LISNs, PLISNs, Rejection cavities & Networks
Towers, Turntables, Tripods & Controllers
Field Probes, Current Probes, Injection Probes
If the Buyer notifies the Seller of a defect within the warranty period, the Seller will, at the Seller’s option, either repair and/or replace those products that prove to be defective.
There will be no charge for warranty services performed at the location the Seller designates.
The Buyer must, however, prepay inbound shipping costs and any duties or taxes. The Seller will pay outbound shipping cost for a carrier of the Seller’s choice, exclusive of any duties or taxes. If the Seller determines that warranty service can only be performed at the Buyer’s location, the
Buyer will not be charged for the Seller’s travel related costs.
This warranty does not apply to:
Normal wear and tear of materials
Consumable items such as fuses, batteries, etc.
Products that have been improperly installed, maintained or used
Products which have been operated outside the specifications
Products which have been modified without authorization
Calibration of products, unless necessitated by defects
THIS WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE. NO OTHER WARRANTY, WRITTEN OR ORAL, IS
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE REMEDIES
PROVIDED BY THIS WARRANTY ARE THE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
IN NO EVENT IS THE SELLER LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.
Note: Please contact the Seller’s sales department for a Return Materials Authorization (RMA)
number before shipping equipment to us.
15 © EMC TEST SYSTEMS, L.P. – MARCH 2002
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