Firmware FS 5.15 Operator's Manual

Firmware FS 5.15
Operator’s Manual
P/N 4900002234 rev A 11-12-14
Firmware FS 5.15
Operator’s Manual
Products of
11027 Arrow Route
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
Tel: 800.619.2861
Fax: 909.948.4100
www.spectrasensors.com
Copyright © 2014 SpectraSensors, Inc. No part of this manual may be reproduced in
whole or in part without the express written permission of SpectraSensors, Inc.
SpectraSensors reserves the right to change product design and specifications at any
time without prior notice.
Revision History
Revision
Engineering Order
Date
A
EO15903
11/12/14
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1: Introduction
Who Should Read This Manual . . . .
General Note Icons . . . . . . . . .
Conventions Used in this Manual
SpectraSensors Overview . . . . . . .
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1-1
1-1
1-1
1-2
Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Powering Up the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To power up the analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Powering Down the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To power down the analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating the Analyzer from the Keypad . . . . . .
Modes Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mode 1: (Normal Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mode 2: (Set Parameter Mode) . . . . . . . . . .
Mode 3: (Scrubber Life Data) . . . . . . . . . . .
Mode 4: (System Diagnostic Parameters) . . .
Mode 5: (Analog Output Test Mode). . . . . . .
Mode 6: (Diagnostic Data Download) . . . . . .
Mode 7: (Measure Port1 Mode) . . . . . . . . . .
Mode 8: (Measure Port2 Mode) . . . . . . . . . .
Mode 9: (Recall Validation Results) . . . . . . .
Mode TEST: (Analog Input Test Mode) . . . . .
Configuring the Analyzer at Start-Up . . . . . . . . .
Parameter Setting/Checking Procedure: . . . .
Changing Measurement and Control Parameters .
To change parameters in Mode 2 . . . . . . . . .
Measurement and Control Parameters Defined . .
2 Way Com Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-20 mA Alarm Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-20 mA Val Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AI 4 mA Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AI 20 mA Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AI Pressure Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AO 4 mA Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AO 20 mA Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AO 4-20 mA Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calculate Dew Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cancel Val Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Concentration Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Custom Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Daily Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dew Point Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DO Alarm Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Alarm DO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High Alarm Setpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Keypad Watchdog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. 2-1
. 2-1
. 2-1
. 2-3
. 2-3
. 2-3
. 2-4
. 2-5
. 2-5
. 2-5
. 2-6
. 2-7
. 2-7
. 2-7
. 2-8
. 2-8
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-11
2-15
2-15
2-16
2-16
2-16
2-17
2-17
2-17
2-17
2-18
2-18
2-18
2-19
2-19
2-19
2-20
2-20
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23
2-23
2: Operating the Analyzer
Operator’s Manual
i
FS 5.15 Firmware
Logger Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Low Alarm Setpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modbus Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modbus Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Scrub Installed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operator Parameter01 to Operator Parameter20 . . . . . . .
Operator Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peak Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Process Purge Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rapid Change Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RATA (Relative Accuracy Test Audit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RATA Multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RATA Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Set Time - Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Set Time - Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Set Time - Minute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Set Time - Month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Set Time - Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Start Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Update RATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val 1 Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val 2 Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val Attempts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val Auto DumpSpectrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Validation Allowance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val Perm Constant Kp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val Perm Rate Rp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val Purge Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Val Start Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zero Val Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adjusting Analyzer Reading to Match Specific Standard(s)
To perform the calculation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To adjust the analyzer reading: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manual Dual Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semi-Automatic Single or Dual Validation . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Single or Dual Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scaling and Calibrating the Current Loop Signal . . . . . . . . . .
To scale the current loop signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Historical Alarm Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assignable Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Validating the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To validate automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To validate semi-automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To validate manually: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calibrating the Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2-23
2-24
2-24
2-24
2-25
2-25
2-27
2-27
2-28
2-28
2-28
2-28
2-29
2-29
2-29
2-30
2-30
2-30
2-30
2-31
2-31
2-31
2-31
2-32
2-32
2-33
2-33
2-33
2-34
2-34
2-34
2-35
2-35
2-36
2-36
2-36
2-37
2-38
2-38
2-38
2-39
2-40
2-40
2-41
2-41
2-42
2-43
2-45
2-45
2-47
2-47
2-47
2-47
2-48
2-49
3: Serial Port Communications
Receiving Serial Data (Customer Port Output) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
To launch HyperTerminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Mode 1 Data String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
ii
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Table of Contents
To capture and save data from the serial port .
To read diagnostic data with HyperTerminal . .
Mode 6 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viewing Diagnostic Data with Microsoft Excel . . . .
To import the data file into Excel . . . . . . . . . .
Modbus Communications Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . .
Framing/Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading/Writing in Daniel Modbus Mode . . . . .
Reading/Writing in Gould Modbus Mode . . . . .
Endianness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To enable Modbus communications . . . . . . . .
Modbus Accessible Parameter Definitions. .
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. 3-5
. 3-5
. 3-6
. 3-8
. 3-8
3-12
3-12
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-14
3-20
4: Ethernet Communications
Configuring the Built-in Ethernet Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
To configure the built-in Ethernet port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
General Information for Configuring Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
5: Validation of Trace Moisture Measurements
Validation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permeation Validation for Trace Moisture Analyzers (0-10 ppm H2O)
Setting the Kp Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recalculating the System Constant Kp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To recalculate the system constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Validation of Trace Moisture or Ammonia Measurements Using
Permeation Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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5-1
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-3
. . . . . . . . . 5-4
Appendix A: Water Correlation
Water Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dew Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dew Point Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Raoult’s Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arden Buck Equations . . . . . . . . . . .
ASTM1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASTM2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Method Comparisons for Natural Gas . . .
The Arden Buck Method Comparison .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. A-1
. A-2
. A-2
. A-2
. A-3
. A-3
. A-3
. A-4
. A-9
A-13
A-14
Appendix B: Troubleshooting
Excessive Sampling Gas Temperatures and Pressures .
Peak Tracking Reset Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To reset the Peak Tracking function . . . . . . . . . . .
Instrument Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Return Material Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index -1
Operator’s Manual
iii
FS 5.15 Firmware
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
iv
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
LIST
OF
FIGURES
Figure 2–1.
Figure 2–2.
Analyzer keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
LCD display with alarm code visible indicating
Pressure Low Alarm fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Connection Description window . . . . . . . . . . .
Connect To window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COM Properties window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hyperterminal window with streaming data . . .
Sample diagnostic data output . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening a data file in Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting data type in Text Import Wizard . . . . .
Setting Tab and Space as delimiters . . . . . . . .
Highlighting imported data for plotting in Excel
Chart Wizard - Step 1 window . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data file plot in Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Format Data Series window . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3–1.
3–2.
3–3.
3–4.
3–5.
3–6.
3–7.
3–8.
3–9.
3–10.
3–11.
3–12.
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. 3-2
. 3-2
. 3-3
. 3-3
. 3-7
. 3-9
. 3-9
3-10
3-10
3-11
3-11
3-12
Figure 5–1.
Figure 5–2.
Schematic of permeation tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Typical sample system for differential measurement
with permeation tube validation capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Figure A–1.
Comparison of calculation results for ASTM1 [8], ASTM2 [9]
and ISO [10] methods with experimental data from the GERG
report [14] for mixture NG1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of calculation results for ASTM1 [8], ASTM2 [9]
and ISO [10] methods with experimental data from the GERG
report [14] for mixture NG3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of calculation results for ASTM1 [8], ASTM2 [9]
and ISO [10] methods with experimental data from the GERG
report [14] for mixture NG4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of calculation results for ASTM1 [8], ASTM2 [9]
and ISO [10] methods with experimental data from the GERG
report [14] for mixture NG7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Courses of measured water contents at 60 bar for natural
gas mixtures NG1, NG3, NG4 and NG7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure A–2.
Figure A–3.
Figure A–4.
Figure A–5.
Operator’s Manual
. . A-10
. . A-10
. . A-11
. . A-11
. . A-13
v
FS 5.15 Firmware
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
vi
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
LIST
Table
Table
Table
Table
2–1.
2–2.
2–3.
2–4.
OF
TABLES
Typical values for parameter setpoints.
Assignable Alarm functionality . . . . . .
Operator Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LCD display alarm codes . . . . . . . . . .
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2-11
2-21
2-26
2-45
Table 3–1.
Table 3–2.
Table 3–3.
Modbus register map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Status flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
ASCII Character Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Common reference conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gas composition [14] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coefficients for Eq. (15) [14] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Binary interaction parameters [14] . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Experimental gas compositions [14] . . . . . . . . . . . .
Range of composition applicable to ISO method [10]
A–1.
A–2.
A-3.
A–4.
A–5.
A–6.
Table B–1.
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. A-2
. A-5
. A-6
. A-7
A-12
A-14
Potential instrument problems and their solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Operator’s Manual
vii
FS 5.15 Firmware
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
viii
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
1 - INTRODUCTION
This SpectraSensors analyzer was shipped with SpectraSensors’ FS 5.15
Firmware. This firmware version provides users with the features and functions
to operate the tunable diode laser (TDL) analyzer.
This manual was designed to provide the user with an overview of the FS 5.15
firmware functionality. The information contained in this manual is divided into
the following sections:
•
•
•
Operations
Serial Communication
Firmware Troubleshooting
Who Should Read This Manual
This manual should be read and referenced by anyone operating or having
direct contact with the analyzer.
General Note Icons
Instructional icons are provided in this manual to alert the user of important
information and valuable tips. The following symbols and associated
information can be found throughout the manual.
General notes and important information concerning the
installation and operation of the analyzer.
Failure to follow all directions may result in malfunction of the
analyzer.
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION - Avoid exposure to beam.
Class 3b Radiation Product. Refer servicing to the manufacturerqualified personnel.
Warning statement for hazardous voltage. Contact may cause
electric shock or burn. Turn off and lock out system before
servicing.
Conventions Used in this Manual
In addition to the symbols and instructional information, this manual is created
with “hot links” to enable the user to quickly navigate between different
Operator’s Manual
1–1
FS 5.15 Firmware
sections within the manual. and to other manuals. These links are identified by
a pointing finger cursor
when rolling over the text. Simply click on the link
to navigate to the associated reference.
SpectraSensors Overview
SpectraSensors, Inc. is a leading manufacturer of technologically advanced
electro-optical gas analyzers for the industrial process, gas distribution and
environmental monitoring markets. Headquartered in Houston, Texas,
SpectraSensors was incorporated in 1999 as a spin-off of the NASA/Caltech Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the purpose of commercializing space-proven
measurement technologies initially developed at JPL.
1–2
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
2 - OPERATING
THE
ANALYZER
The analyzer is designed to be a stationary measuring device. It
should be securely mounted during normal operation.
The laser housing labels on the flanges of the sample cell warn
about exposure to laser radiation inside. Never open the sample
cell unless directed to do so by a service representative and the
analyzer power is turned off.
The optical head has a seal and “WARNING” sticker to prevent
inadvertent tampering with the device. Do not attempt to
compromise the seal of the optical head assembly. Doing so will
result in loss of device sensitivity and inaccurate measurement
data. Repairs can then only be performed by the factory and are
not covered under warranty.
Firmware Version
Each SpectraSensors analyzer operates based on its own version of firmware.
The firmware version for each analyzer is listed in the system calibration
report, and displays upon start-up of the analyzer. The operation instructions
provided in this chapter are intended for the FS 5.15 firmware version.
Powering Up the Analyzer
After mounting the analyzer, connecting the power wires, connecting the gas
lines, connecting the (optional) output signal wires and checking for leaks, you
are ready to power up the analyzer.
Refer to the figures for the analyzer electronic control boards in
the Hardware Manual for locating fuses. If you need to replace a
fuse, use only the same type and rating of fuse as the original as
listed in the analyzer fuse specifications table in the Hardware
Manual.
To power up the analyzer:
1. Power up the analyzer by energizing the circuit to the analyzer.
2. For systems with a heated enclosure, confirm that the sample
system enclosure is heated to approximately the specified
temperature by observing the temperature reading on the door
mounted thermometer.
Operator’s Manual
2–1
FS 5.15 Firmware
For systems with heated enclosures, a Temperature too Low or
Temperature too High fault will activate the General Fault
Alarm when the enclosure temperature is more than 5 °C above
or below the specified temperature. Once the enclosure has
reached the specified temperature, reset the General Fault
Alarm (see “To change parameters in Mode 2” on page 2-15).
3. The system goes through an initialization period while showing the
firmware version on the bottom line until the LCD displays the
Normal Mode screen.
4. Enable Peak Tracking following the procedure outlined in
“Changing Measurement and Control Parameters” on page
2-11.
5. Three to four minutes are required for the analyzer to establish
reference spectra before displaying a reading.
6. After initialization and establishment of reference spectra, the LCD
displays four lines, the third of which is blank.
<NORMAL MODE>
H2S: 5.036 ppmv
P: 954.4mb T: 76.1F
The measurements displayed are:
•
ANA: Refers to the concentration in the sample
cell (in units) of the analyte/component selected
in Mode 2.
•
P: Pressure in the sample cell (in units) selected
in Mode 2.
•
T: Temperature in the sample cell (in units)
selected in Mode 2.
7. Continuous updates of the measurement parameters displaying on
the LCD indicates that the analyzer is operating normally.
Definitions for the acronyms displayed on the LCD are given in the
section “Modes Defined” on page 2-4.
2–2
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Powering Down the Analyzer
It may be necessary to power down the analyzer for problem solving or
maintenance reasons. An approved switch or circuit breaker rated for 15 amps
should have been installed and clearly marked as the disconnecting device for
the analyzer.
To power down the analyzer:
1. Switch off the power to the analyzer using the switch or circuit
breaker designated as the disconnection device for the equipment.
2. If the analyzer is going to be shut down for a short period of time for
routine maintenance, isolate the analyzer from the sample
conditioning system (SCS). Refer to the appropriate Hardware or
SCS Manual.
3. If the analyzer is going to be shut down for a long period of time,
follow the procedure for isolating the process sample tap for longterm shutdown (in the Hardware or SCS Manual) or contact
SpectraSensors’ technical support group. It is recommended to also
disconnect the power completely from the analyzer to prevent
potential damage from lightning strikes.
Operating the Analyzer from the Keypad
The keypad enables the operator to modify measurement units, adjust
operational parameters, and perform diagnostics. During normal operation, the
LCD continuously displays the measured component’s concentration, sample
cell temperature, and sample cell pressure.
The SpectraSensors keypad is shown in Figure 2–1. To activate any functions
on the keypad, press the mode key # followed by a number on the keypad to
specify a mode.
You must press the # key before pressing a number or function
key to trigger a response from the keypad.
When you press the # key, the word MODE displays on the LCD. If the keypad
watchdog is enabled, a countdown timer will begin when MODE displays. If the
countdown expires and no buttons have been pressed, the analyzer will
automatically revert to Mode 1.
The * key functions as the “Enter” key. When in Mode 2, always press * after
entering a value using the keypad (unless the entry was made in error).
Pressing the * key stores the displayed parameter value and cycles the LCD to
the next parameter.
If you do make an error, press the * key followed by the TEST key, and then
the * key to return to the parameter and enter the correct value.
Operator’s Manual
2–3
FS 5.15 Firmware
Figure 2–1 Analyzer keypad
Modes Defined
Use the keypad to access the following modes by pressing the # key first
followed by a number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) to activate a mode. The
following section explains each mode and the corresponding information that
displays on the LCD.
When the # key is pressed, measurement will be suspended until
the new mode is established, The only modes that produce
measurements are Mode 1, Mode 6, Mode 7 or Mode 8.
Every time the # key is pressed, the analyzer requires three to
four minutes time upon returning to Mode 1, Mode 6, Mode 7
or Mode 8 to re-establish reference spectra before displaying a
reading.
2–4
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Mode 1: (Normal Mode)
Mode 1 continuously displays updated measurements. Press the # key
followed by the 1 key.
#
+
1
<NORMAL MODE>
H2S: 5.036 ppmv
P: 954.4mb T: 76.1F
The measurements displayed are:
•
ANA: Refers to the concentration in the sample cell (in units) of the
analyte/component selected in Mode 2.
•
•
P: Pressure in the sample cell in units selected in Mode 2.
T: Temperature in the sample cell in units selected in Mode 2.
Mode 2: (Set Parameter Mode)
Mode 2 enables user to view and change measurement parameters. Follow the
procedure under “Changing Measurement and Control Parameters” on
page 2-11 for viewing and changing any of the parameters.
Mode 3: (Scrubber Life Data)
Displays the predicted remaining scrubber/dryer percent capacity and number
of days remaining of service. Press the # key followed by the 3 key.
#
+
3
<SCRUBBER LIFE MODE>
Scrubber Life Data:
Life left: 98.3%
Days left: 531
The New Scrubber Alarm fault will activate the General Alarm Fault when
the scrubber/dryer capacity is predicted to be 5% or less, or when the value
for days left reaches 0. Refer to the Hardware Manual for information on
servicing the scrubber.
Operator’s Manual
2–5
FS 5.15 Firmware
Mode 4: (System Diagnostic Parameters)
Mode 4 displays system diagnostic data. These values may be useful when
troubleshooting the system. Press the # key followed by the 4 key.
#
T D:
P D:
DCD:
Fit:
50.7
954
2674
0.98
+
4
W: 50.6 C
W: 1103mb
W: 2672
Mid:60.24
While in this mode the analyzer suspends measurement until you
return to Mode 1, Mode 6, Mode 7 or Mode 8.
The diagnostic parameters displayed are:
2–6
•
DryTemp (T D): Shows the temperature in the measurement cell
when scrubbed sample gas is flowing through it.
•
WetTemp (W): Shows the temperature in the measurement cell
when normal sample gas is flowing through it.
•
DryPressure (P D): Shows the pressure in the measurement cell
when scrubbed sample gas is flowing through it.
•
WetPressure (W): Shows the pressure in the measurement cell
when normal sample gas is flowing through it.
•
DryDC (DC D): Shows the magnitude of the DC laser power in the
measurement cell when scrubbed sample gas is flowing through it.
Acceptable values are between 800 and 3300. A number below or
above this range will trigger a Laser Power too Low or Laser
Power too High, respectively (see “Alarms” on page 2-42)
indicating that either the optics need to be cleaned or there is an
alignment problem.
•
WetDC (W): Shows the magnitude of the DC laser power in the
measurement cell when normal sample gas is flowing through it.
Acceptable values are between 800 and 3300. A number below or
above this range will trigger a Laser Power too Low or Laser
Power too High, respectively (see “Alarms” on page 2-42)
indicating that either the optics need to be cleaned or there is an
alignment problem.
•
•
Fit: The measure of “goodness of fit” for the last measurement point.
Mid: The laser current set point after adjustment by the peaktracking software.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Mode 5: (Analog Output Test Mode)
Mode 5 is used to turn on the 4-20 mA current loop output (at the current set
with the 4-20 mA Test parameter) for test and calibration purposes. Press the
# key followed by the 5 key.
#
+
5
<TEST 4-20MA MODE>
4-20 mA output is at
0.0% or 4.0mA
Returning to Mode 1 re-establishes normal 4-20 mA current loop operation.
Mode 6: (Diagnostic Data Download)
Mode 6 is used to transfer diagnostic data to the serial port and read the
individual data points of both the DC and 2f spectra that the instrument
analyzes to calculate the gas concentration. Viewing these data can be helpful
in diagnosing problems with the analyzer. Press the # key followed by the 6
key.
#
+
6
<DUMP SPECTRUM MODE>
Index:
0
Cycle: 1 of 10
The data points, along with intermediate calculation results, are output to the
serial port whenever Mode 6 is selected.
Mode 7: (Measure Port1 Mode)
Mode 7 switches the analyzer to measure validation 1 gas supply. Press the #
key followed by the 7 key.
#
+
7
<MEASURE PORT1 MODE>
Validation 1 Passed
ANA: 4.0256ppmv
Returning to Mode 1 re-establishes normal operation measuring process gas.
Operator’s Manual
2–7
FS 5.15 Firmware
Mode 8: (Measure Port2 Mode)
Mode 8 switches the analyzer to measure validation 2 gas supply. Press the #
key followed by the 8 key.
#
+
8
<MEASURE PORT2 MODE>
Validation 2 Passed
ANA: 4.0256ppmv
Returning to Mode 1 re-establishes normal operation measuring process gas.
Mode 9: (Recall Validation Results)
Mode 9 recalls the measured value from the last autovalidation cycle on units
with autovalidation capability. Press the # key followed by the 9 key.
#
+
9
For systems not set up for a validation, the following screen displays:
<VALIDATION RESULTS>
No Validations
Are Defined
For systems set up for a single validation, the following screens may be
displayed:
1. If an automatic validation or Mode 7 has not yet been processed:
<VALIDATION RESULTS>
Date: 14-10-17 13:00
1:
NO DATA
2. If an automatic validation or Mode 7 has been processed:
<VALIDATION RESULTS>
Date: 14-10-17 13:00
1:P 1000.00ppmv
Rng:1000.0 to 1000.0
2–8
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Definitions for the displayed parameters are as follows:
•
Date: Displays the time of the last validation.
•
1: Represents validation, i.e., Validation 1.
•
P or F: Indicates ‘Pass’ or ‘Fail’ for the validation
result.
•
1000.00ppmv: The concentration of the last
validation result in the user’s selected
engineering units. If the value is from a Mode 7
validation, then it is the average validation value
for the time period during which the Mode 7
was run.
•
Rng:1000.0 to 1000.0: The minimum and
maximum concentration value, in the user’s
selected engineering units, during the last
validation time period.
For systems set up for dual validation, the following screens may be displayed:
1. If an automatic validation or Mode 7 or Mode 8 has not yet been
processed:
<VALIDATION RESULTS>
Date: 14-10-17 13:00
1:NO DATA
2:NO DATA
2. If an automatic validation, Mode 7 or Mode 8 has been processed:
<VALIDATION RESULTS>
Date: 14-10-17 13:00
1:P 1000.00ppmv
2:P 1000.00ppmv
Definitions for the displayed parameters are as follows:
•
Date: Displays the time of the last validation.
•
1 or 2: Represents validation, i.e., Validation 1
or Validation 2.
•
P or F: Indicates ‘Pass’ or ‘Fail’ for the validation
result.
Operator’s Manual
2–9
FS 5.15 Firmware
•
1000.00ppmv: The concentration of the last
validation result in the user’s selected
engineering units. If the value is from a Mode 7
or Mode 8 validation, then it is the average
validation value for the time period during which
the Mode 7 or Mode 8 was run.
Mode TEST: (Analog Input Test Mode)
Mode Test is used to view a real-time reading of the 4-20 mA analog input
state, as well as its current raw and scaled values for test and calibration
purposes. In this mode, the analyzer functions normally, as in Mode 1, except
that the LCD (display) shows the 4-20 mA analog input signal instead of the
current concentration, temperature and pressure. Press the # key followed by
the TEST key.
#
+
TEST
<NORMAL MODE>
4-20mA input is ON
4095 or 68948 mb
Configuring the Analyzer at Start-Up
SpectraSensors analyzers are pre-programmed at the factory with most
parameters set to default values, which are suitable for most applications.
There are a few parameters that should be set by the end user. SpectraSensors
recommends checking all the parameters at start-up.
Parameter Setting/Checking Procedure:
1. After the analyzer has been installed and start up has been
completed, press Mode 2 (#2) from the analyzer keypad and enter
password 3142.
2. Press the * key repeatedly to scroll through the parameters and
verify the settings.
The firmware default parameter settings are reflected in
Table 2–1.
2–10
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
1. Peak Tracking set = 1 (P1).
Peak Tracking may be turned off at the factory prior to shipment
to prevent the peak tracking algorithm from shifting the spectrum
during initial warm-up of the unit. Once the unit is installed in the
field and the cell temperature has stabilized (typically after 5
hours minimum), the Peak Tracking should be turned on and left
on at all times.
2. Set remaining parameters as desired for the specific analyzer
application. Refer to Table 2–1.
3. After the analyzer is configured, allow the system to run for 24 hours
and then clear all alarms.
a.
b.
c.
Press Mode 2 (#2) from the analyzer keypad and enter password 3142.
Set the General Alarm DO parameter to 2.
Set the Cancel Val Alarms parameter to 1.
Changing Measurement and Control Parameters
In Mode 2, all of the pertinent measurement and control parameters can be
viewed and changed. Refer to Table 2–1 for a list of parameters and value
range. The parameters are listed in the order viewed during Mode 2 operation.
Table 2–1 Typical values for parameter setpoints
Parameter
Setting
Function
Notes
Contact SpectraSensors before resetting this parameter.
Refer to “Service
Contact” on page
B-4.
Process Purge Time
1 - 10000
Default = 60
Sets the purge time before process
measurements and after a validation.
Logger Rate
1–1000 readings
Default = 16
Sets the number of measurements
included in the running average.
Rapid Change Monitor
0, 1
Default = 0
Sets the dynamic logger rate based
on the concentration of rate
change.
Temperature Unit
0 or 1
Default = 0
Sets the display unit for temperature.
Pressure Unit
0, 1, 2, or 3
Default = 0
Sets the display unit for pressure.
Concentration Unit
0-8
Default = 0
Sets the display unit for concentration.
Custom Precision
0-5
Default = 2
Sets the number of viewable digits
to the right of the decimal point.
Operator’s Manual
Check for all
analyzers. Set per
customer preference.
2–11
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table 2-1 Typical values for parameter setpoints (Continued)
Parameter
Setting
Function
Notes
RATA
(Relative Accuracy Test
Audit)
0 or 1
Default = 0
Enables or disables adjustment
factors.
RATA Multiplier
-1.E+06 to 1.E+06
Default = 1
Slope adjustment factor.
RATA Offset
-1.E+06 to 1.E+06
Default = 0
Offset adjustment factor.
Update RATA
0 or 1
Default = 0
Updates RATA Multiplier and
RATA Offset to automatically
calculated values.
Peak Tracking
0, 1 or 2
Default = 0
Sets peak tracking capability to
off, on or reset for the system.
Set to ‘1’ after process flow is established and analyzer
is warm.
New Scrub Installed
0 or 1
Default =0
Resets scrubber/dryer lifetime
monitor.
Keypad Watchdog
0 - 10000
Sets the time in seconds before
the MODE screen automatically
reverts to Normal Mode.
Contact SpectraSensors before resetting this parameter.
Refer to “Service
Contact” on page
B-4.
Default = 10
Set Time - Hour
0 - 23
Default = 0
Sets the current hour.
Set Time - Minute
0 - 59
Default = 0
Sets the current minute.
Set Time - Day
1 - 31
Default = 0
Sets the present day.
Set Time - Month
1 - 12
Default = 1
Sets the present month.
Set Time - Year
2006-2144
Default = 2012
Sets the present year.
General Alarm DO
0, 1, 2
Default = 0
Sets the general fault alarm to
be latching, non-latching or
reset.
DO Alarm Setup
0 - 4.3E+09
Default = 8192
Sets the functionality of the
Assignable Alarm digital output.
Low Alarm Setpoint
-1.0E-06 to
1.0E+06
Default = -10000
Sets the concentration low
alarm threshold in ppmv or
moisture dew point.
High Alarm Setpoint
-1.0E-06 to
1.0E+06
Default = 10000
Sets the concentration high
alarm threshold in ppmv or
moisture dew point.
AO 4-20 mA Test
0 - 100.0
Default = 0
Sets the 4-20 mA output to a
percentage of full scale.
2–12
Refer to “Adjusting
Analyzer Reading
to Match Specific
Standard(s)” on
page 2-36.
Check for all
analyzers. Set per
customer preference.
After analyzer is
configured press ‘2’
to reset. Parameter
will return to previous setting.
Check for all
analyzers. Set per
customer preference.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Table 2-1 Typical values for parameter setpoints (Continued)
Parameter
Setting
Function
Notes
4-20 mA Alarm Action
0, 1, 2 or 3
Default = 0
Sets the current loop state upon
alarm condition.
AO 4 mA Value
-1.0E-06 to
1.0E+06
Default = 0
Sets ppmv or moisture dew
point value corresponding to 4
mA current loop z
output.
AO 20 mA Value
-1.0E-06 to
1.0E+06
Default = Full scale
Sets ppmv or moisture dew
point value corresponding to 20
mA current loop output.
Calculate Dew Point
0, 1 or 2
Default = 0
Enables the dew point calculation and controls its output.
Dew Point Method
0, 1, 2 or 3
Default = 0
Type of dew point calculation.
Pipeline Pressure
0-500000
Default = 1000
Pressure used for dew point calculation.
AI Pressure Input
0 or 1
Default = 0
Controls analog input of pipeline
pressure.
AI 4 mA Value
0-500000
Default = 0
Analog input 4 mA value.
AI 20 mA Value
0-500000
Default = 100000
Analog input 20 mA value.
Modbus Address
User Set, 0-250
Default = 1
Sets the address for the analyzer.
Modbus Mode
0, 1, or 2
Default = 0
Sets type of Modbus protocol.
2 Way Com Port
0, 1, 2, 3
Default = 11
Sets the port that allows twoway communications.
Baud Rate
0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
Default = 3
Sets the baud rate for the customer port.
Val Purge Period
1 - 4000
Default = 60
Sets the amount of time (in
seconds) for validation gas to
purge the system.
Set for standard validation only, not permeation validation.
Val Duration
0 - 8000
Default = 240
Sets the duration (in seconds)
of the validation routine.
Val Attempts
1 - 8000
Default = 2
Sets the number of validations
to be attempted before signaling
failure.
These parameters
apply to permeation
validation only. Refer
to “Service Contact” on page B-4.
Val 1 Concentration
0-Full Scale
Default = 4
Sets concentration of validation
gas supply #1.
Operator’s Manual
Check for all
analyzers. Set per
customer preference.
Check for all
analyzers. Set per
customer preference.
Check for all
analyzers. Set per
customer preference.
2–13
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table 2-1 Typical values for parameter setpoints (Continued)
Parameter
Setting
Function
Notes
Val 2 Concentration
0-Full Scale
Default = 4
Sets concentration of validation
gas supply #2.
Set for standard validation only, not permeation validation.
Validation Allowance
1-100
Default = 100
Sets acceptable deviation (in
%) for validation.
Check for all
analyzers. Set for
customer preference.
Zero Val Tolerance
0 - 2000
Default = 1
Sets maximum acceptable zero
measurement reading during
validation routine.
Set for standard validation only, not permeation validation.
Daily Validation
0 or 1
Default = 0
Turns daily autovalidation on or
off.
Val Interval
1 - 400
Default = 1
Interval (in days) between validation cycles.
Val Start Time
0 - 23
Default = 8
Sets the hour of the day for.
validation.
Start Validation
0 or 1
Default = 0
Initiates validation cycle.
4-20 mA Val Action
0 or 1
Default = 0
Sets the current loop mode
during validation.
Val Perm Constant Kp
0-1000000
Default = 0
Sets the system constant for
the permeation tube devices.
Val Perm Rate Rp
0-1000000
Default = 0
Sets the calibrated permeation
rate for the permeation tube.
Cancel Val Alarms
0 or 1
Default = 0
Resets the validation alarms
and relays.
After analyzer is
configured press ‘1’
to reset. Parameter
will return to default
setting.
Val Auto
DumpSpectrm
0 or 1
Default =0
Sets the analyzer to dump spectrum information during a validation measurement.
Contact SpectraSensors before resetting this parameter.
Refer to “Service
Contact” on page
B-4.
Operator Parameter01 to
Operator Parameter20
Parameter Index
Default: 0
Parameter setup for Operator
Parameter section. Refer to
Table 2–3.
Check for all
analyzers. Set for
customer preference.
2–14
Check for all
analyzers. Set for
customer preference.
Contact SpectraSensors before resetting this parameter.
Refer to “Service
Contact” on page
B-4.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
To change parameters in Mode 2
1. Press the # key followed by the 2 key.
#
+
2
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Enter password:
FS 5.15-XXXX
The LCD prompts for a numeric password.
2. To enter the Customer Parameter section where complete access is
provided to all customer parameters, enter the user password
(3142) on the keypad. To enter the Operator Parameter section
where a user definable set of customer parameters resides, enter
the operator password as defined in the Operator Password
parameter. Then press the * key to enter the number.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Process Purge Time
60
Enter a value (secs)
3. Starting with the first parameter that displays, enter a new value
and/or press the * key to store the value and cycle to the next
parameter.
4. When finished changing or viewing the measurement and control
parameters, press the # key followed by the 1 key to return to Mode
1 and normal operation.
The scroll direction can be reversed by pressing the TEST key
followed by the * key.
Measurement and Control Parameters Defined
The definitions for the measurement and control parameters are shown below
in alphabetical order for easy reference. Refer to Table 2–1 to review order
listed during Mode 2 configuration.
Operator’s Manual
2–15
FS 5.15 Firmware
2 Way Com Port
The 2 Way Com Port parameter sets the port that allows two-way
communications, including Modbus and the diagnostic protocol. Enter 0 to turn
off two-way communications, 1 for the customer port, 2 for the service port,
or 3 for the Ethernet port (if applicable).
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
2 Way Com Port
1
0:Off1:Cus2:Ser3:Eth
The customer port baud rate is set from the Baud Rate parameter with 8 data
bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. The service port baud rate is 115200 with 8 data
bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. If the Ethernet port is available, refer to
“Configuring the Built-in Ethernet Port” on page 4-1 for setup information.
4-20 mA Alarm Action
The 4-20 mA Alarm Option determines the current loop state upon an alarm
condition. Enter 0 for no action, 1 for the current loop to assume a low state
upon an alarm condition, 2 for the current loop to assume a high state upon
an alarm condition, or 3 for the current loop to track and hold the current state
upon an alarm condition.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
4-20mA Alarm Action
0
0:None 1:L 2:H 3:T&H
4-20 mA Val Action
The 4-20 mA Val Action parameter sets the operation mode of the 4-20 mA
current loop during validation cycles. Enter 0 for the current loop to track and
hold the last process measurement or 1 for the current loop to continue to
output the analyzer measurements during the validation cycle.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
4-20 mA Val Action
0
0:Hold 1:Measure
2–16
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
AI 4 mA Value
The AI 4 mA Value parameter sets the pipeline pressure (in mbar)
corresponding to a 4 mA current loop input.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
AI 4 mA Value
0.00000
Enter a value (mb)
AI 20 mA Value
The AI 20 mA Value parameter sets the pipeline pressure (in mbar)
corresponding to a 20 mA current loop input.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
AI 20 mA Value
100000.00000
Enter a value (mb)
AI Pressure Input
The AI Pressure Input parameter enables or disables usage of a live pipeline
pressure via the analog input for the calculation and display of dew point
temperature. There are two choices: 0 to turn the analog pressure input off,
and 1 to turn it on. If this parameter is disabled, then a fixed pipeline pressure
must be entered through the Pipeline Pressure parameter.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
AI Pressure Input
0
0:Disable 1:Enable
AO 4 mA Value
The AO 4 mA Value parameter sets the concentration (in ppmv) or dew point
temperature (in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit), depending on whether dew
point temperature calculation and display are enabled (i.e., the Calculate Dew
Point parameter set equal to 1), corresponding to a 4 mA current loop output.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
AO 4 mA Value
0.00000
ppmv or DewPoint F/C
Operator’s Manual
2–17
FS 5.15 Firmware
AO 20 mA Value
The AO 20 mA Value parameter sets the concentration (in ppmv) or dew point
temperature (in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit), depending on whether dew
point temperature calculation and display are enabled (i.e., the Calculate Dew
Point parameter set equal to 1), corresponding to a 20 mA current loop
output.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
AO 20 mA Value
20.00000
ppmv or DewPoint F/C
AO 4-20 mA Test
The AO 20 mA Test parameter sets the output of the current loop when in
Mode 5 for testing and calibration purposes. The value entered represents a
percent of scale value where zero equals 4 mA and full scale equals 20 mA.
Thus, the current loop output, I, is given by
I = R  20mA – 4mA  + 4mA ,
where R is the AO 4-20 mA Test parameter value.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
AO 4-20 mA Test
0.00000
Enter a value (%)
Baud Rate
The Baud Rate parameter sets the baud rate for the customer RS-232 port.
Enter 0 for 19200, 1 for 38400, 2 for 57600, or 3 for 115200, or 4 for 9600
baud rate. The other settings for this port are 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
and no hardware flow control.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Baud Rate
3
0:19 1:38 2:57 3:115
Make sure that the COM port used is set for the same baud rate
as the analyzer.
2–18
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Calculate Dew Point
The Calculate Dew Point parameter enables or disables the calculation and
display of dew point temperature. There are three choices: 0 to turn the
calculation and display of dew point temperature off, 1 to allow the dew point
to be output on the LCD and on the analog output (setup of the AO 4 mA and
20 mA values is required), and 2 to allow the dew point to be output on the
LCD only.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Calculate Dew Point
0
0:Off 1:lcd&AO 2:lcd
Cancel Val Alarms
The Cancel Val Alarms parameter cancels the validation alarm and resets all
validation flags once activated. Entering 1 cancels the alarm. Once the action
is complete the parameter automatically reverts to 0.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Cancel Val Alarms
0
1:Cancel
Concentration Unit
The Concentration Unit parameter designates the options for measured
concentration, which include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0 for ppmv
1 for lb/MMscf [MMscf =million standard cubic feet (15.6 °C, 101.325
kPa)]
2 for %
3 for mg/Nm3 [Nm3 = normal cubic meters (15.6 °C, 101.325 kPa)]
4 for ppmw
5 for ppbv
6 for ppbw
7 for grains/100scf
8 for custom display units and conversion factor (user EU Tag Part 1 and 2
as defined by Modbus registers 45203 and 45205)
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Concentration Unit
0
0:ppm 1:lbs 2:% 3:mg
Operator’s Manual
2–19
FS 5.15 Firmware
If the display units are correct but the conversion factor is not correct for the
application, a custom conversion factor can be defined using Modbus. To set a
custom conversion factor, first choose the correct display units (based on the
Concentration Unit parameter) and then define the conversion factor for the
associated display units using Modbus. If the Modbus register is set to 0 then
the default conversion factor is used. However, if it is set to a value greater than
0, then that value is used as the conversion factor.
If a correct concentration unit option for the display units does not exist, then
a custom display unit and conversion can be created using Modbus. To set a
custom display unit, select option 8 for the Concentration Unit parameter.
Next define the ASCII display text and associated conversion factor using
Modbus.
Custom Precision
The Custom Precision parameter sets the number of viewable digits to the
right of the decimal point. The total number of digits the analyzer can display
at any one time is 6. Therefore, when the size of the value plus the Custom
Precision exceeds 6 the number of digits to the right of the decimal point will
be reduced accordingly.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Custom Precision
2
Enter a value
Daily Validation
The Daily Validation parameter enables or disables the time of day
autovalidation feature. When enabled, an autovalidation cycle is initiated every
‘X’ day (where ‘X’ is defined by Val Interval) at the time of day established by
Val Start Time. Enter 0 to turn the feature off or 1 to turn the feature on.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Daily Validation
0
0:Disable 1:Enable
Dew Point Method
The Dew Point Method parameter sets the type of industry standard dew
point calculation to be performed when Calculate Dew Point is enabled. Enter
0 for ISO 18453:2006, 1 for the ASTM 1142-95 Eq. (1), 2 for the ASTM 1142-
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4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
95 Eq. (2), or 3 for the Arden Buck method. Refer to Appendix A for further
information on the dew point calculation methods.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Dew Point Method
0
0:ISO1:AS12:AS23:AB
DO Alarm Setup
The DO Alarm Setup parameter sets the functionality of the Assignable
Alarm. Add together the hexadecimal values according to Table 2–2 for each
fault chosen to trigger the Assignable Alarm. Convert the resulting
hexadecimal value to a decimal value and enter the number for normally
deactivated relay functionality. Add ‘1’ to the resulting decimal value to switch
to normally activated functionality.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
DO Alarm Setup
8192
Enter decimal value
For example, the hexadecimal value of 0002000 converts to decimal value of
8192, which when entered results in a normally deactivated relay triggered by
the Concentra High Alarm. Entering a value of 8193 would result in a
normally activated relay (fail safe) triggered by the Concentra High Alarm.
To enable the relay to be triggered by the New Scrubber Alarm as well, the
two hexadecimal values 0002000 and 8000000 are added to give 8002000,
which converts to a decimal value of 134225920.
Table 2–2
Assignable Alarm functionality
Bit
Decimal
Hex Value
0
1
00000001
Power Fail (Always Activated)
1
2
00000002
Any alarm active
2
4
00000004
Laser Power Low Alrm
3
8
00000008
Laser Powr High Alrm
4
16
00000010
Laser Zero Low Alarm
5
32
00000020
Laser Zero High Alrm
6
64
00000040
Laser Curnt Low Alrm
7
128
00000080
Laser Curnt High Alrm
Operator’s Manual
Alarm Functionality
2–21
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table 2-2 Assignable Alarm functionality (Continued)
Bit
Decimal
Hex Value
Alarm Functionality
8
256
00000100
Pressure Low Alarm
9
512
00000200
Pressure High Alarm
10
1024
00000400
Temp Low Alarm
11
2048
00000800
Temp High Alarm
12
4096
00001000
Concentra Low Alarm
13
8192
00002000
Concentra High Alarm
14
16384
00004000
PeakTk Restart Alarm
15
32768
00008000
Fitting Restart Alrm
16
65536
00010000
RampAdj Restart Alarm
17
131072
00020000
Not Used
18
262144
00040000
Not Used
19
524288
00080000
Flow Switch Alarm
20
1048576
00100000
Val 1 Fail Alarm
21
2097152
00200000
Val 2 Fail Alarm
22
4194304
00400000
Not Used
23
8388608
00800000
Not Used
24
16777216
01000000
DeltaDC Restart Alrm
25
33554432
02000000
DeltaT Restart Alarm
26
67108864
04000000
Dry Pressure Alarm
27
134217728
08000000
New Scrubber Alarm
28
268435456
10000000
R2 Restart Alarm
29
536870912
20000000
R3 Restart Alarm
30
1073741824
40000000
Pressure Restart Alarm
31
2147483648
80000000
Low Purge Rate Alarm
General Alarm DO
The General Alarm DO sets the operation of the general alarm relay digital
output when a General Fault Alarm occurs. The relay is normally energized
making it fail-safe for detection of not only alarms, but also power failures.
Enter 0 to make the relay latching, which means any General Fault Alarm will
de-energize the relay and keep it de-energized even if the alarm condition
clears. It takes a reset of the relay using this parameter to return the relay to
‘normal’ state. Enter a 1 to make the relay non-latching, which means any
general fault alarm will de-energize the relay; however, when the alarm
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Operating the Analyzer
condition clears, the relay will automatically reset to its normal state. Enter a
2 to reset the relay and any active alarms to the ‘normal’ state. After the relay
resets, this parameter will automatically revert to the setting from before the
reset was initiated.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
General Alarm DO
0
0:L 1:NonL 2:Reset
High Alarm Setpoint
The High Alarm Setpoint parameter determines the concentration threshold
above which the Concentra High Alarm fault will be triggered (see “Alarms” on
page 2-42). The value entered is compared to the moving average over the
number of measurement points set by the Logger Rate. To be turned off, the
setpoint must have a value greater than the maximum range of the analyzer
or maximum dew point.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
High Alarm Setpoint
0.00000
ppmv or DewPoint F/C
Keypad Watchdog
The Keypad Watchdog parameter sets the allowable time (in seconds) that
the analyzer can be on the MODE screen and the Mode 2 (Set Parameter
Mode) password screen before automatically reverting to Mode 1 (Normal
Mode). Setting this parameter to a value less than five (5) will disable this
feature. If it is set for greater than or equal to five (5), then the value
represents the number of seconds before the analyzer reverts to Normal Mode.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Keypad Watchdog
60
<5:Off >=5:Secs
Logger Rate
The Logger Rate parameter sets the number of measurements included in the
running average. The display and the current loop output will each have a value
Operator’s Manual
2–23
FS 5.15 Firmware
representing the running average of the concentration over a number of
measurements equal to Logger Rate.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Logger Rate
16
Enter a value
Low Alarm Setpoint
The Low Alarm Setpoint parameter determines the concentration threshold
below which the Concentra Low Alarm fault will be triggered (see “Alarms”
on page 2-42). The value entered is compared to the moving average over the
number of measurement points set by the Logger Rate. To be turned off, the
setpoint must have a value less than the minimum range of the analyzer or
minimum dew point.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Low Alarm Setpoint
0.00000
ppmv or DewPoint F/C
Modbus Address
The Modbus Address parameter sets the analyzer address when the analyzer
is used as a Modbus slave device. Addresses from 1 to 250 can be used.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Modbus Address
1
Enter node (1-250)
Modbus Mode
The Modbus Mode parameter sets the communications protocol for the port
selected by the 2 Way Com Port parameter. There are three choices: 0 for
turning the Modbus capabilities off and defaulting to generic serial output as
described in “Receiving Serial Data (Customer Port Output)” on page 3-1
(the ports not designated for two-way communications will also output the
generic serial output); 1 for enabling the analyzer to respond to Gould Modbus
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4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
RTU function codes 3, 6 and 16; and 2 for enabling the analyzer to respond to
Daniel Modbus RTU function codes 3, 6 and 16.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Modbus Mode
0
0:Off 1:GMR 2:DMR
New Scrub Installed
The New Scrub Installed parameter resets the scrubber/dryer alarm once
activated, and the scrubber/dryer lifetime monitor. The New Scrubber Alarm
fault will activate the General Fault Alarm when the scrubber/dryer capacity
is predicted to be 5% or less, or when the scrubber days of service remaining
reaches 0 days (refer to the Hardware Manual for information on servicing the
scrubber). Once the scrubber/dryer is replaced, enter 1 to reset the
scrubber/dryer alarm and lifetime monitor.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
New Scrub Installed
0
1:Yes
Operator Parameter01 to Operator Parameter20
These parameters enable the setup of the Operator Parameter section. A
parameter index may be entered for each parameter to be displayed when the
analyzer is in the Operator Parameter section. Refer to Table 2–3. Entering 0
(zero) will prevent a parameter from being displayed.
To access the Operator Parameter section:
1. From the analyzer keypad, press the # key followed by the 2 key to
enter Mode 2.
2. Enter the Operator Password as defined in the Operator Password
parameter and press the * key.
Refer to the section called “Operator Password” on page 2-27
for more information.
Operator’s Manual
2–25
FS 5.15 Firmware
Only those parameters with a parameter index indicated will be displayed. If
none of the 20 parameters have an index defined, the following screen will
display while in Operator Parameter section.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
No Operator
parameters defined.
Press MODE to exit.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Operator Parameter01
0
Enter a parameter #
Table 2–3
Parameter
Operator Parameters
Index
Parameter
Index
Process Purge Time
33
Calculate Dew Point
186
Logger Rate
34
Dew Point Method
187
Rapid Change Monitor
35
Pipeline Pressure
200
Temperature Unit
52
AI Pressure Input
201
Pressure Unit
53
AI 4 mA Value
202
Concentration Unit
30
AI 20 mA Value
203
Custom Precision
54
Modbus Address
205
RATA
84
Modbus Mode
206
RATA Multiplier
85
2 Way Com Port
207
RATA Offset
86
Baud Rate
208
Update RATA
87
Val Purge Period
231
Peak Tracking
88
Val Duration
236
New Scrub Installed
165
Val Attempts
237
Keypad Watchdog
171
Val 1 Concentration
238
Set Time - Hour
172
Val 2 Concentration
239
Set Time - Minute
173
Validation Allowance
240
Set Time - Day
174
Zero Val Tolerance
241
Set Time - Month
175
Daily Validation
242
Set Time - Year
176
Val Interval
243
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Operating the Analyzer
Table 2-3 Operator Parameters (Continued)
Parameter
Index
Parameter
Index
General Alarm DO
177
Val Start Time
244
DO Alarm Setup
178
Start Validation
245
Low Alarm Setpoint
179
4-20 mA Val Action
247
High Alarm Setpoint
180
ValPerm Constant Kp
262
AO 4-20 mA Test
182
ValPerm Rate Rp
263
4-20 mA Alarm Action
183
Cancel Val Alarms
264
AO 4 mA Value
184
Val Auto DumpSpectrm
265
AO 20 mA Value
185
Operator Password
266
Operator Password
The Operator Password parameter enables or disables a password
requirement for entering the Operator Parameter section. Enter 0 for a
password to disable a password requirement, or a positive value (up to four
digits) to require a password. If 0 is used, accessing the Operator Parameter
section requires only pressing the # key followed by the 2 key (to enter Mode
2), and then pressing the * key (without entering a password) to display the
first parameter.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Operator Password
0
0:No p/w >0:p/w
Peak Tracking
The Peak Tracking parameter enables a software utility that periodically
adjusts the laser current to keep the absorption peak of the measured
component at a known location. There are three choices: 0 for no peak
tracking, 1 for peak tracking (default) and 2 for resetting the peak to its factory
default setting. Selecting 2 will return the current analyzer midpoint to the
factory default midpoint, and then automatically revert the parameter value to
its setting before the reset was initiated. In most cases, the peak tracking
should be set to 1 for on.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Peak Tracking
1
0:Off 1:On 2:Rst
Operator’s Manual
2–27
FS 5.15 Firmware
Pipeline Pressure
The Pipeline Pressure parameter sets the pipeline pressure (in mbar) in the
current dew point calculation or, if enabled, displays the current pipeline
pressure input through the AI Pressure Input.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Pipeline Pressure
10000.00000
Enter a value (mb)
Pressure Unit
The Pressure Unit parameter designates the display units for the measured
absolute pressure in the cell. There are four choices: 0 for millibar, 1 for Torr,
2 for kPa, and 3 for PSIA.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Pressure Unit
0
0:mb1:Torr2:kPa3:psi
Process Purge Time
The Process Purge Time sets the time in seconds that the analyzer will purge
the system with process gas before starting a dry cycle when switching to the
process stream after a validation.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Process Purge Time
60
Enter a value (secs)
Rapid Change Monitor
The Rapid Change Monitor parameter enables or disables the dynamic logger
rate based on the concentration rate of change. Enter 0 to turn the feature off
or 1 to turn the feature on.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Rapid Change Monitor
0
0:Disable 1:Enable
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Operating the Analyzer
RATA (Relative Accuracy Test Audit)
The RATA parameter enables or disables user definable values that allow
adjustment (without affecting the factory calibration) of the analyzer reading
in the field [see “Adjusting Analyzer Reading to Match Specific
Standard(s)” on page 2-36].
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
RATA
0
0:Disable 1:Enable
RATA Multiplier
The RATA Multiplier parameter is a user definable value that enables
adjustment (without affecting the factory calibration) of the analyzer response
(or slope) in the field [see “Adjusting Analyzer Reading to Match Specific
Standard(s)” on page 2-36].
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
RATA Multiplier
1.00000
Enter a value
RATA Offset
The RATA Offset parameter is a user definable value that enables adjustment
(without affecting the factory calibration) of the analyzer offset in the field [see
“Adjusting Analyzer Reading to Match Specific Standard(s)” on page
2-36].
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
RATA Offset
0.00000
Enter a value
Operator’s Manual
2–29
FS 5.15 Firmware
Set Time - Day
The Set Time - Day parameter sets the current day for the clock driving daily
validations.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Set Time - Day
17
Enter a value (DD)
Set Time - Hour
The Set Time - Hour parameter sets the current hour for the clock driving
daily validations.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Set Time - Hour
7
Enter a value (0-23)
Set Time - Minute
The Set Time - Minute parameter sets the current minute for the clock driving
daily validations.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Set Time - Minute
5
Enter a value (0-59)
Set Time - Month
The Set Time - Month parameter sets the current month for the clock driving
daily validations.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Set Time - Month
10
Enter a value (MM)
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Operating the Analyzer
Set Time - Year
The Set Time - Year parameter sets the current year for the clock driving daily
validations.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Set Time - Year
2014
Enter a value (YYYY)
Start Validation
The Start Validation parameter initiates the validation cycle. After the cycle
begins, this parameter automatically reverts to 0.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Start Validation
0
1:Start
Temperature Unit
The Temperature Unit parameter designates the display units for the
measured cell temperature. There are two choices: 0 for degrees Celsius and
1 for Fahrenheit. The default value is the standard unit of measurement in the
region the analyzer is being used.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Temperature Unit
0
0:C 1:F
Update RATA
The Update RATA parameter is used to update the RATA Multiplier and
RATA Offset parameters with the latest automatically calculated values. Each
time an automatic, semi-automatic, manual Mode 7 or manual Mode 8
validation is completed, a new RATA Multiplier and RATA Offset will be
calculated. This parameter displays the current RATA Multiplier and RATA
Offset in the left column of the display as defined in their respective parameter
descriptions. In the right column, the newly calculated values are displayed. To
Operator’s Manual
2–31
FS 5.15 Firmware
accept and use the newly calculated values, enter 1. These values will be
invoked when pressing the MODE button while exiting Mode 2.
<SET
Mult:
Ofst:
0
PARAMETER MODE>
1.00 New: 1.00
0.00 New: 0.00
1: Update RATA
Refer to the section called “Adjusting Analyzer Reading to
Match Specific Standard(s)” on page 2-36 for more
information.
Val 1 Concentration
The Val 1 Concentration parameter sets the concentration value of validation
gas supply #1. The analyzer can be configured for a zero gas by setting this
parameter to 0.0 and then setting the Zero Val Tolerance to the maximum
acceptable reading. Otherwise, set this parameter to the concentration value
of the validation gas supply and set Validation Allowance to the allowable
variation range (±%).
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val 1 Concentration
4.00000
0:ZeroGas >0:ppmvVal
When procuring a gas standard, make sure the background gas is
that specified or a mix that closely resembles the contents of the
process stream and have the gas standard certified to better than
the specified precision of the analyzer, if possible.
Val 2 Concentration
The Val 2 Concentration parameter sets the concentration value of validation
gas supply #2. The analyzer can be configured for a zero gas by setting this
parameter to 0.0 and then setting the Zero Val Tolerance to the maximum
acceptable reading. Otherwise, set this parameter to the concentration value
2–32
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
of the validation gas supply and set Validation Allowance to the allowable
variation range (±%).
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val 2 Concentration
16.0000
0:ZeroGas >0:ppmvVal
When procuring a gas standard, make sure the background gas is
that specified or a mix that closely resembles the contents of the
process stream and have the gas standard certified to better than
the specified precision of the analyzer, if possible.
Val Attempts
The Val Attempts parameter sets the maximum number of failures of the
analyzer to measure the validation gas within the set tolerances (see Zero Val
Tolerance and Validation Allowance) before stopping the autovalidation
sequence and triggering a Validation Fail Alarm.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val Attempts
2
Enter a value
Val Auto DumpSpectrm
The Val Auto DumpSpectrm parameter determines whether a Mode 6 dump
automatically occurs after each validation measurement. There are two
choices: 0 to turn the automatic data dump during validation off, and 1 to turn
it on.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val Auto DumpSpectrm
0
0:Disable 1:Enable
Val Duration
The Val Duration parameter sets the total number of seconds a validation
cycle will run. Actual validation measurement time is equal to Val Duration
minus Val Purge Period minus the time required to get the first measurement
Operator’s Manual
2–33
FS 5.15 Firmware
value. Thus, Val Duration must be set to a value greater than the sum of
these components.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val Duration
240
Enter a value (secs)
Validation Allowance
The Validation Allowance parameter sets the tolerance (%) for validation
measurements when Val 1 Concentration or Val 2 Concentration is set to
a value greater than 0.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Validation Allowance
100.00000
% of Val Concentratn
Val Interval
The Val Interval parameter sets the number of days between autovalidation
cycles. The next scheduled validation cycle would occur in Val Interval days
at the Val Start Time.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val Interval
1
Enter a value (days)
Val Perm Constant Kp
The Val Perm Constant Kp parameter is used for permeation validation
devices and defines the system constant (Kp), which is determined at the
factory at the time of calibration. The permeation device can be replaced with
another permeation device with a different permeation rate, and the correct
new permeation concentration will be calculated by the analyzer software using
the system constant. The Kp will be constant over the life of the analyzer
provided the temperature, sample flow rate and pressure of the system are not
changed from the factory settings. If the system constant needs to be reset,
2–34
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
refer to “Recalculating the System Constant Kp” on page 5-3 for details on
recalculating the system constant.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val Perm Constant Kp
0.24
0:Off >0:System Cons
Val Perm Rate Rp
The Val Perm Rate Rp parameter is used for permeation validation devices
and defines the permeation rate in ng/min, referenced on the permeation
device certification. This certification is valid for a period of one year; however,
the permeation device may be used longer than this period if a factory certified
validation concentration is not required. When the validation concentration
begins to drop steadily, the permeation device must be replaced. When
replacing the device, the Val Perm Rate Rp must also be updated. For
instruction on replacing the permeation device, refer to the section called
“Validation of Trace Moisture Measurements” in the sample conditioning
system (SCS) chapter or manual.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val Perm Rate Rp
0.33
0:Off >0:ng/min
Val Purge Period
The Val Purge Period parameter sets the number of seconds the analyzer will
purge the system with validation gas before starting a dry cycle upon validation
initiation. Because validation gas may be introduced into the system at various
distances from the analyzer, adjustment of the Val Purge Period parameter
is necessary to optimize the time the validation gas is allowed to purge through
the transport tubing before the analyzer makes a validation measurement.
Optimization of the Val Purge Period parameter ensures an accurate
measurement of the validation gas while minimizing gas consumption.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val Purge Period
60
Enter a value (secs)
Operator’s Manual
2–35
FS 5.15 Firmware
Val Start Time
The Val Start Time parameter sets the hour of the day for the daily
autovalidation to begin.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Val Start Time
8
Hour of day (0-23)
Zero Val Tolerance
The Zero Val Tolerance parameter is used to set the maximum acceptable
reading when validating with zero gas. To configure the analyzer for zero gas
set the parameter Val 1 Concentration or Val 2 Concentration to 0.0.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Zero Val Tolerance
1.00000
Enter a value (ppmv)
Adjusting Analyzer Reading to Match Specific Standard(s)
In some instances, the user may wish to adjust the analyzer reading to match
the concentration (or concentrations) of a specific standard (or standards). The
RATA Multiplier and RATA Offset parameters are used to adjust the analyzer
output in the field without affecting the factory calibration. Both parameters are
used when samples from two different concentration standards are available,
whereas only the RATA Multiplier parameter is used when a non-zero gas
sample from only one concentration standard is available. If using a zero gas
sample from only one concentration standard, then only the RATA Offset
parameter should be calculated.
The value of the RATA Multiplier parameter, S, is determined by
C2 – C1
S = ------------------- ,
A2 – A1
where C1 is the certified concentration of standard No. 1, C2 is the certified
concentration of standard No. 2, A1 is the measured concentration (analyzer
reading) of standard No. 1 without any RATA adjustment, and A2 is the
measured concentration (analyzer reading) of standard No. 2 without any RATA
adjustment.
The RATA Offset parameter, O, is determined by
O = C1 –  S  A1  ,
2–36
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
where S can be 1 when a sample from only one concentration standard is
available.
For a non-zero single concentration standard RATA Multiplier parameter, S is
determined by
S = (C1 - O) /
where O can be zero, if desired.
After an automatic, semi-automatic, manual Mode 7 or manual Mode 8
validation completes, the analyzer automatically calculates new RATA
Multiplier and RATA Offset values. These values are based on the number of
validations that the analyzer is configured to accept and the type of validation
used.
To perform this calculation, the most recent validation result(s) will be used.
These calculations are based on the average measurement values during the
validation, which can be viewed from the Mode 9 display. These values are not
constrained by the measurement range of the analyzer, which will ensure
accurate RATA Multiplier and RATA Offset values are calculated.
To perform the calculation:
If RATA is enabled, the current RATA Multiplier and RATA Offset values must
be removed from the measured Validation 1 and/or Validation 2 concentration
values. Depending on the number of validations, or the validation type, one of
the following scenarios occur:
•
If using a non-permeation single validation system with a zero gas as
the standard, then a new RATA Offset is calculated leaving the
RATA Multiplier at its previous value.
•
If using a non-permeation single validation system with a non-zero
gas as the standard, then a new RATA Multiplier is calculated
leaving the RATA Offset at its previous value.
•
If using a permeation-based single validation system, then a new
RATA Multiplier is calculated and the RATA Offset is left at its
previous value.
•
If using a dual validation system, then both a new RATA Multiplier
and RATA Offset are calculated.
Operator’s Manual
2–37
FS 5.15 Firmware
To adjust the analyzer reading:
1. Validate the analyzer using one or two concentration standards
(refer to “Validating the Analyzer” on page 2-47).
SpectraSensors recommends validating the analyzer using only
the analyte mixed in the validation gas specified on the analyzer
calibration certificate. A bottle of test gas with certified
concentrations of approximately 20% and 80% of full scale are
recommended for a two point validation. For a single point
validation, a bottle with a certified concentration of approximately
50% of full scale should be used.
When procuring a gas standard, make sure the background gas is
that specified or a mix that closely resembles the contents of the
process stream and have the gas standard certified to better than
the specified precision of the analyzer, if possible.
2. Enter Mode 2 by pressing the # key followed by the 2 key. The LCD
prompts for a numeric password.
3. Enter the user password (3142) on the keypad, then press the *
key.
4. View the newly calculated RATA Multiplier and RATA Offset
parameters from the Update RATA parameter or calculate the
RATA Multiplier and/or RATA Offset parameter(s) manually using
the equations above.
5. Follow the procedure under “To change parameters in Mode 2”
on page 2-15 to enter the new values.
Confirm the new values by re-measuring the bottle(s) of test gas.
RATA values are also applied to the validation measurements. If
RATA free validation values are required, the RATA parameter
must be disabled before running the validation.
Application Examples
Manual Dual Validation
Two standards are used in this example, Validation 1 and Validation 2, which
are manually introduced into the analyzer. Mode 7 and Mode 8 are used to
run these standards.
1. Configure the Operator Parameter01 to Operator Parameter20
with the Operator Password set to 0 and one parameter.
2–38
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
•
Configure Update RATA by setting Operator
Parameter01 to 87. Other parameters can be
added, if desired.
2. Introduce Validation 1 and press # followed by the 7 key (to enter
Mode 7) to allow Validation 1 to run for the desired amount of time.
3. Introduce Validation 2 and press # followed by the 8 key (to enter
Mode 8) to allow validation to run for the desired amount of time.
4. Press the # key followed by the 2 key (to enter Mode 2) and then
the * key.
5. View the newly calculated RATA values, and if desired, set Update
RATA to 1 accept the changes. Leave the setting at 0 to reject the
changes and start over.
6. Re-run steps 2 and 3.
7. Press the # key followed by the 9 key (to enter Mode 9) to verify
the validation results and confirm that new RATA values are
operating correctly.
8. Press the # key followed by the 1 key (to enter Mode 1) to return
to Normal Mode.
Semi-Automatic Single or Dual Validation
In this scenario, either one or two standards (Validation 1 and/or Validation 2)
are used, which are automatically introduced and controlled by the analyzer.
Typically, the validation is initiated locally by the user or while the user is
present by initiating the Start Validation parameter or the Start Validation
digital input.
1. Configure the Operator Parameter01 to Operator Parameter20
with the Operator Password set to 0 and two parameters.
•
Configure Start Validation by setting Operator
Parameter01 to 245.
•
Configure Update RATA by setting Operator
Parameter02 to 87. Other parameters can be
added, if desired.
2. Press the # key followed by the 2 key (to enter Mode 2) and then
press the * key.
3. Set the Start Validation parameter to 1 and then press the * key followed
by the # and the 1 key to allow the validation to start. Allow the validation
sequence to complete.
4. Press the # key followed by the 2 key (to enter Mode 2) and then
press the * key twice.
Operator’s Manual
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FS 5.15 Firmware
5. View the newly calculated RATA values, and if desired, set Update
RATA to 1 to accept the changes. Leave the setting at 0 to reject
the changes and start over.
6. Re-run steps 2 through 4.
7. Press the # key followed by the 9 key (to enter Mode 9) to verify
the validation results and confirm that new RATA values are
operating correctly
8. Press the # key followed by the 1 key (to enter Mode 1) to return
to Normal Mode.
Automatic Single or Dual Validation
Either one or two standards can be used for automatic single or dual validation;
Validation 1 and/or Validation 2, which are automatically introduced and
controlled by the analyzer. The validation is automatically initiated based on the
hour of the day and is controlled by the Val Start Time, Daily Validation and
Val Interval parameters. Validation can also be initiated remotely using the
Start Validation parameter or the Start Validation digital input.
1. Configure the Operator Parameter01 to Operator Parameter20
with the Operator Password set to 0 and one parameter.
•
Configure Update RATA by setting Operator
Parameter01 to 87. Other parameters can be
added, if desired.
2. Press the # key followed by the 9 key (to enter Mode 9) to verify
the validation results.
3. Press the # key followed by the 2 key (to enter Mode 2) and then
press the * key.
4. View the newly calculated RATA values, and if desired, set Update
RATA to 1 to accept the changes. Leave the setting at 0 to reject
the changes and start over.
5. Press the # key followed by the 1 key (to enter Mode 1) to return
to Normal Mode.
Scaling and Calibrating the Current Loop Signal
The 4-20 mA current loop signals are most conveniently scaled and calibrated
at the receiving end (RTU, flow computer, etc.).
The 4-20 mA current loop is factory set as the source unless
otherwise specified. Contact your sales representative if a change
is required.
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4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
To scale the receiver’s output, the analyzer’s current loop output is forced to
4 mA (0%) and 20 mA (100%) using the 4-20 mA Test parameter. The
receiver is adjusted to read “0” and “Full Scale,” respectively.
Be sure to work in a non-hazardous area while handling any
electrical connector.
To scale the current loop signal:
1. Make sure the current loop is connected and the receiver is set for
the analyzer to source the current.
2. Set the AO 4-20 mA Test parameter to 0% (see Table 2–1).
3. Enter Mode 5 by pressing the # key followed by the 5 key to force
the loop current to 4 mA.
4. Adjust the receiver calibration control to read the appropriate value.
A current loop output of 4 mA represents the value set in AO 4 mA
Value.
5. Set the 4-20 mA Test parameter to 100%.
6. Enter Mode 5 by pressing the # key followed by the 5 key to force
the loop current to 20 mA.
7. Adjust the receiver calibration controls for the appropriate value. A
current loop output of 20 mA represents the value set in AO 20 mA
Value.
8. If needed, repeat steps 2-7 to obtain an accurate calibration over the
range.
9. After obtaining an accurate calibration of the current loop receiver,
press the # key followed by the 1 key to return to Normal Mode.
Every time the # key is pressed, the analyzer requires three to
four minutes time upon returning to Mode 1, Mode 6, Mode 7
or Mode 8 to re-establish reference spectra before displaying a
reading.
Warnings
Warning messages appear on the front panel LCD and are transmitted via RS232. Changes in flow conditions such as composition, temperature or pressure
since the last scrubber/dryer cycle may produce a warning. Warnings may
trigger a system re-start beginning with a fresh scrubber/dryer cycle. Warnings
may include one or more of the following:
Operator’s Manual
2–41
FS 5.15 Firmware
•
Dry P out of range: This warning occurs when the pressure in the
sample cell during a dry cycle is out of range indicating that the
scrubber/dryer may be clogged.
•
Delta T out of range: This warning occurs when the difference
between the measured cell temperature during a wet cycle and the
previous dry cycle is out of range.
•
Delta P out of range: This warning occurs when the difference
between the measured cell pressure during a wet cycle and previous
dry cycle is out of range.
•
DCdelta out of range: This warning occurs when the difference
between the measured cell DC power during a wet cycle and previous
dry cycle is out of range.
•
Fitting out of range: This warning occurs when the system is
unable to adequately fit a curve to the measured signal typically as a
result of too much noise in the signal or an unexpected gas mixture
in the measurement cell.
•
R2 out of range: This warning occurs when reference 2 is out of
range, typically as a result of too much of the gas component found
in the measurement cell.
•
R3 out of range: This warning occurs when reference 3 is out of
range, typically as a result of too much of the gas component found
in the measurement cell.
•
Unable to do validation: This warning occurs if using a permeation
validation system with the Daily Validation feature and the current
analyzer concentration is beyond an allowable threshold. It is
designed to protect the dryer from high concentrations, which can
shorten its life cycle. This does not apply to validations that are
initiated by the digital input, Mode 7, Mode 8 or Mode 2 Start
Validation parameter.
•
Wet Peak Tracking/Dry Peak Tracking: This warning indicates
when a peak tracking correction has occurred.
•
Ramp Adjust: This warning indicates when a ramp adjustment
correction has occurred.
Alarms
The analyzer is equipped with three dry contact relays that indicate a system
fault or alarm state, the General Fault Alarm relay, the user Assignable
Alarm relay and the Validation Fail Alarm relay. Refer to the system
drawings for this analyzer for relay assignments.
In addition, alarm and fault messages appear on the front panel LCD and are
transmitted via RS-232.
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4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
System Faults
The General Fault Alarm is triggered by system faults that cause the
General Fault Alarm relay to be activated and the current loop to respond
according to the 4-20mA Alarm Option setting. Once activated, the General
Fault Alarm can be reset via the General Alarm DO parameter (see
“Changing Measurement and Control Parameters” on page 2-11).
System faults include one or more of the following:
•
DeltaDC Restart Alrm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused by a difference between the
measured DC signal during a wet cycle and the previous dry cycle
exceeds a pre-set limit.
•
DeltaT Restart Alarm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused by a difference between the
measured cell temperature during a wet cycle and the previous dry
cycle exceeds a pre-set limit.
•
Dry Pressure Restart Alarm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused by an out of range dry pressure
value exceeds a pre-set limit.
•
Fitting Restart Alarm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused by the system’s inability to
adequately fit a curve to the measured signal exceeds a pre-set limit.
•
Flow Switch Alarm: This fault occurs on systems with a digital input
flow switch enabled and the digital input triggers the alarm state.
•
Laser Curnt Low Alrm: This fault occurs when the laser current
goes below the minimum allowable indicating a potential problem
with the laser.
•
Lasr Curnt High Alrm: This fault occurs when the laser current goes
above the maximum allowable indicating a potential problem with the
laser.
•
Laser Power High Alrm: This fault occurs when the DC signal is
saturated typically as a result of the absence of absorbing gas in the
sample cell.
•
Laser Power Low Alrm: This fault occurs when the DC signal
becomes too weak for a reliable measurement typically as a result of
mirror contamination.
•
Laser Zero High Alarm: This fault occurs if the detector signal value
is above the set normal range when the laser is turned off.
•
Laser Zero Low Alarm: This fault occurs if the detector signal value
is below the set normal range when the laser is turned off.
•
Low Purge Rate Alrm: This fault occurs when the scrubber/dryer is
unable to remove the analyte being measured at a quick enough rate
typically due to scrubber/dryer saturation.
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FS 5.15 Firmware
•
New Scrubber Alarm: This fault occurs when the internal
scrubber/dryer monitor signals that a new scrubber/dryer is
necessary.
•
PeakTk Restart Alarm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused by a peak tracking correction
exceeds a pre-set limit.
•
Pressure High Alarm: This fault occurs when the pressure in the
sample cell exceeds the specified maximum operating pressure.
•
Pressure Low Alarm: This fault occurs when the pressure in the
sample cell is below the specified minimum operating pressure.
•
Pressure Restart Alarm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused by a difference between the
measured cell pressure during a wet cycle and the previous dry cycle
exceeds a pre-set limit.
•
R2 Restart Alarm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused when reference 2 is out of range,
typically as a result of too much of the gas component found in the
measurement cell.
•
R3 Restart Alarm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused when reference 3 is out of range,
typically as a result of too much of the gas component found in the
measurement cell.
•
Ramp Adjust Restart Alarm: This fault occurs when the number of
consecutive system restarts caused by a ramp adjustment exceeds a
pre-set limit.
•
Temp High Alarm: This fault occurs when the temperature in the
measurement cell exceeds the specified maximum operating
temperature.
•
Temp Low Alarm: This fault occurs when the temperature in the
measurement cell is below the specified minimum operating
temperature.
For systems with heated enclosures, a Temperature too Low or
Temperature too High fault will activate the General Fault
Alarm when the enclosure temperature is more than 5 C above
or below the specified temperature (refer to the system
specifications for this analyzer located in the Hardware Manual).
Once the enclosure has reached the specified temperature, reset
the General Fault Alarm (see “Changing Measurement and
Control Parameters” on page 2-11).
•
2–44
Validation 1 Failed/Validation 2 Failed Alarm: An additional
alarm for systems equipped with autovalidation that is triggered
when the measured concentration of the validation 1 or 2 gas does
not agree with the user defined allowable limits. These alarms also
trigger the Validation Fail dry contact relay. Refer to “Validation
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Allowance” on page 2-34. Once activated, the Validation Fail
Alarm must be manually reset via the Cancel Val Alarms
parameter (see “Cancel Val Alarms” on page 2-19).
See Appendix B for recommendations and solutions to common firmware
problems resulting in a system fault.
User Alarms
User alarms are generated based on measurement readings and their relation
to Mode 2 parameter settings. They include the following:
•
Concentra High Alarm: This fault occurs when the measured
concentration is above the limit set with the High Alarm Setpoint
parameter (see “High Alarm Setpoint” on page 2-23).
•
Concentra Low Alarm: This fault occurs when the measured
concentration is below the set limit with the Low Alarm Setpoint
(see “Low Alarm Setpoint” on page 2-24).
Historical Alarm Flag
A Historical Alarm Flag code will also display on the LCD, as shown in Figure
2–2, and remain until the alarm is reset.
ALARM CODE
<NORMAL MODE 0000004>
H2S: 5.036 ppmv
P: 954.4mb T: 76.1F
Figure 2–2 LCD display with alarm code visible
indicating Pressure Low Alarm fault
Table 2–4 lists the potential alarm codes and corresponding fault conditions. In
the event of multiple alarms, the hexadecimal code from each alarm is added
together to yield the Historical Alarm Flag code. For example, a Historical
Alarm Flag code of 00C04 indicates that three alarms have occurred: 00004
Laser Power Low Alrm, 00400 Temp Low Alarm, and 00800 Temp High
Alarm, where ‘C’ represents ‘12’ in hexadecimal notation.
Table 2–4
Hex Value
LCD display alarm codes
Fault Condition
00000001
General fault condition exists or happened in the past
00000002
General fault condition exists (any alarm is active)
00000004
Laser Power Low Alrm
Operator’s Manual
2–45
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table 2-4 LCD display alarm codes (Continued)
Hex Value
2–46
Fault Condition
00000008
Laser Powr High Alrm
00000010
Laser Zero Low Alarm
00000020
Laser Zero High Alrm
00000040
Laser Curnt Low Alrm
00000080
Lasr Curnt High Alrm
00000100
Pressure Low Alarm
00000200
Pressure High Alarm
00000400
Temp Low Alarm
00000800
Temp High Alarm
00001000
Concentra Low Alarm
00002000
Concentra High Alarm
00004000
PeakTk Restart Alarm
00008000
Fitting Restart Alrm
00010000
RampAdj Restart Alarm
00020000
Not Used
00040000
Not Used
00080000
Flow Switch Alarm
00100000
Validation Fail Alarm 1
00200000
Validation Fail Alarm 2
00400000
Not Used
00800000
Not Used
01000000
DeltaDC Restart Alrm
02000000
DeltaT Restart Alarm
04000000
Dry Pressure Alarm
08000000
New Scrubber Alarm
10000000
R2 Restart Alarm
20000000
R3 Restart Alarm
40000000
Pressure Restart Alarm
80000000
Low Purge Rate Alrm
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Assignable Alarm
The functionality of the Assignable Alarm is determined by the DO Alarm
Setup parameter set in Mode 2 according to Table 2–2. For example, the
Assignable Alarm can be configured as a Concentra High Alarm or
Concentra Low Alarm that is triggered when the measured concentration is
above or below, respectively, the level set in Mode 2. A high concentration
causes the Assignable Alarm relays to be activated and the message
“Concentration High” to appear on the LCD.
Validating the Analyzer
Validation of the analyzer using an appropriate gas standard is automatically
conducted at each Val Interval period at the Val Start Time, semiautomatically when initiated via the Validation DI or the Start Validation
parameter, or manually by accessing Mode 7 or Mode 8.
If using a permeation validation system with the Daily
Validation feature, and the current analyzer concentration is
beyond an allowable threshold, the analyzer will output a warning
message of “Unable to do validation,” activate the Validation
Fail alarm and not conduct the validation. The system is designed
to protect the dryer from high concentrations, which can shorten
its life cycle. This does not apply to validations that are initiated
by the digital input Mode 7, Mode 8 or Mode 2 - Start
Validation parameter.
To validate automatically:
1. Verify that the validation gas source(s) has been properly installed
and/or connected.
2. If necessary, set the current time, date, desired validation hour and
validation interval (see Table 2–1 for parameter default values).
3. Set the Daily Validation parameter to 1. The analyzer should run
a validation cycle at the number of days and hour set by Val
Interval and the Val Start Time parameter.
To validate semi-automatically:
1. Verify that the validation gas source(s) has been properly installed
and/or connected.
Operator’s Manual
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FS 5.15 Firmware
2. Initiate a validation cycle by closing the contacts connected to the
Validation DI input or by setting the Start Validation parameter
to 1.
The keypad is disabled when Validation DI is active.
To validate manually:
If the 4-20 mA Val Action parameter is set to 1, the 4-20 mA signal will
output validation measurements and the appropriate relay (Val #1 Active or Val
#2 Active) will be activated. During the automatic or semi-automatic
validation, if the concentration measured does not fall within the allowable
limits for the number of times defined by the Val Attempts parameter (see
“Validation Allowance” on page 2-34), the Validation Fail Alarm relay will
activate. Once activated, the Validation Fail Alarm must be manually
canceled (see “Cancel Val Alarms” on page 2-19). Initiating a new automatic,
semi-automatic or manual validation will clear the Validation Fail Alarm so that
the new validation can determine its state.
Once the validation completes, the analyzer requires three to four
minutes upon returning to Mode 1 to re-establish reference
spectra before displaying a reading.
1. Verify that the validation gas source(s) has been properly installed
and/or connected.
2. Initiate validation measurements by pressing the # key followed by
the 7 key (Mode 7) or the # key followed by the 8 key (Mode 8)
for a dual validation system.
3. Once validation measurements are complete, press the # key
followed by the 1 key (Mode 1) to return to Normal Mode and stop
the validation.
SpectraSensors recommends validating the analyzer using only
the analyte mixed in the validation gas specified on the analyzer
calibration report. A bottle of test gas with a certified
concentration representing 50% of full scale) for single validation
systems), or bottles representing 20% and 80% of full scale (for
dual validation systems) are recommended.
When procuring a gas standard, make sure the background gas is
that specified or a mix that closely resembles the contents of the
process stream and have the gas standard certified to better than
the specified precision of the analyzer, if possible.
2–48
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operating the Analyzer
Calibrating the Analyzer
Calibrating the analyzer is typically not required under normal circumstances.
SpectraSensors calibrates each analyzer to a National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) traceable standard before shipping the unit to the end
user. Because SpectraSensors analyzers use a non-contact form of
measurement, they are relatively insensitive to contamination, quite rugged
and virtually maintenance free ensuring years of reliable service.
Operator’s Manual
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FS 5.15 Firmware
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2–50
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
3 - SERIAL PORT COMMUNICATIONS
Receiving Serial Data (Customer Port Output)
When the Modbus Mode parameter is set to 0, the analyzer is configured to
transfer a string of data from the analyzer to a serial device via the customer
port output. The receiving device is typically a computer terminal running
HyperTerminal, which is a program included with Microsoft® Windows® 95, 98,
and XP that enables serial communication and the viewing, capturing and
storage of serial port data and messages.
To launch HyperTerminal:
1. On your Windows desktop, click Start followed by Run (usually
located in the lower right side of the Start Menu).
2. Type Hypertrm.exe and hit Return to launch HyperTerminal.
For faster access to HyperTerminal, save a HyperTerminal
shortcut to the desktop.
3. Once HyperTerminal is activated, the Connection Description
window appears, as shown in Figure 3–1. Type in a Filename
(where the terminal session settings will be stored for future recall)
and click on any icon. Click OK.
4. The Connect To window appears prompting for a connection, as
shown in Figure 3–2. Click the Menu Arrow under Connect Using
to view the choices.
5. Click on the appropriate port to which your analyzer is connected
(COM1, COM2, COM3, etc.) as established under “To connect the
signal and alarm cables” in the Hardware Manual. Click OK.
6. Once the port is chosen, the COM Properties window appears.
Make sure the COM properties for the port selected reflect those
shown in Figure 3–3 (19200 baud or as set in Mode 2, 8 data bits,
1 stop bit, no parity, and no flow control).
7. Click OK to establish the connection.
Mode 1 Data String
Once connected, the data will start streaming through the Hyperterminal
Window as shown in Figure 3–4.
Operator’s Manual
3–1
FS 5.15 Firmware
Figure 3–1 Connection Description window
Figure 3–2 Connect To window
3–2
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
Figure 3–3 COM Properties window
Refer to
data output
headings in
Figure 3–5;
reading left
to right
Figure 3–4 Hyperterminal window with streaming
data
Operator’s Manual
3–3
FS 5.15 Firmware
The data string is tab delimited (each row starting with a tab) forming 23
columns in the following order:
3–4
•
•
•
Date: Current date (in MM:DD:YY).
•
Wet Temp (C): Current temperature (C) of the gas sample when
normal sample gas is flowing.
•
Wet Pressure (mb): Current pressure (mb) of the gas sample when
normal sample gas is flowing.
•
Dry Temp: Current temperature (0.0 for non-differential units) of
the gas sample (in selected engineering units) when scrubbed
sample gas is flowing.
•
Dry Pressure: Current pressure (0.0 for non-differential units) of
the gas sample (in selected engineering units) when scrubbed
sample is flowing.
•
Fit Residue: Value ranging from 0 to 1 indicating how well the
measured spectrum fits the referenced spectrum, where 1 represents
a perfect match.
•
Fit Ratio: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the Reference 1
spectrum.
•
Dry DC: Signal level (laser intensity in counts, 0.0 for nondifferential units) at the high end of the current ramp during the dry
cycle.
•
Wet DC: Signal level at the high end of the current ramp during the
wet cycle.
•
•
•
Peak Index: Peak index of the measured spectrum.
•
Val Flg: Indicates current stream being measured (0 = Process, 1 =
Val 1, 2 = Val 2).
•
Process Path Flg: Calculation path (reference spectra) used for the
concentration calculation (0 = Process Reference Spectra, 1 =
Validation Reference Spectra).
•
Current Midpoint: Current midpoint that the analyzer is using,
including any peak tracking adjustments.
•
Fit Ratio 2: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the Reference 2
spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the Reference 2 spectrum
was not used in the calculation of concentration.
Time: Current time (in HH:MM:SS).
Concentration (ppmv): Current measured analyte/component
concentration (ppmv).
Ref Index: Peak index used for reference.
Index Difference: Difference between measured and reference
peak indices, where a value other than 0 indicates peak tracking is
functioning.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
•
Fit Ratio 3: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the Reference 3
spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the Reference 3 spectrum
was not used in the calculation of concentration.
•
Fit Ratio 4: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the Reference 4
spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the Reference 4 spectrum
was not used in the calculation of concentration.
•
Fit Ratio 5: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the Reference 5
spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the Reference 5 spectrum
was not used in the calculation of concentration.
•
Fit Ratio Dry: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the Reference
Dry spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the Reference Dry
spectrum was not used in the calculation of concentration.
•
Fit Ratio Dry-1: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the
Reference Dry spectrum shifted by 1 index value, where a value of 0
indicates that the Reference Dry spectrum shifted by 1 index value
was not used in the calculation of concentration.
•
Alarm Flags: Value representing the status of each individual alarm
in the analyzer, as listed in Table 2–2.
Any alarm messages will be transmitted along with the data string and will
appear in a separate row.
The number of seconds between each line of data output should
be the # Spectrum Average number set in Mode 2 divided by
4. The factory default setting of 16 for # Spectrum Average
results in a line of output each 4 seconds.
To capture and save data from the serial port:
1. To save the data from the serial port, use the Transfer/Capture
Text function and enter the Filename to where you would like to
store the captured data.
2. To stop the capture of the serial data, click on Transfer/Capture
Text/Stop.
To read diagnostic data with HyperTerminal:
1. Before entering Mode 6, make sure the serial port on the computer
used for serial communication is connected to the analyzer and the
output stream is showing on the screen as described under “To
launch HyperTerminal” on page 3-1.
2. To save the data from the serial port, use the Transfer/Capture
Text function and enter the Filename to where you would like to
store the captured data.
Operator’s Manual
3–5
FS 5.15 Firmware
3. Once capturing is in place, enter Mode 6 by pressing # key followed
by the 6 key.
#
+
6
<DUMP SPECTRUM MODE>
Index: 0
Cycle: 1 of 10
The index shown on the LCD display counts by 50’s from 0 to 511.
The analyzer will repetitively output this information until the #
button is pressed or the number of cycles completes. At the end of
the data dump, the screen will display:
MODE
4. Press the # key followed by the 1 key to return to Mode 1.
5. Once normal operation resumes, stop the capture of the serial data.
To stop the capture of the serial data, click on Transfer/Capture
Text/Stop. The resulting data file contains the downloaded data as
shown in Figure 3–5.
Mode 6 Data
The 20 columns of tab delimited data in the file resulting from a Mode 6 data
dump are labeled as follows:
3–6
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Index: Index value of points on spectrum scan curve.
•
2f Wet: Wet AC spectrum of sample gas.
DC Dry: Dry DC spectrum of sample gas.
DC Dry Ref 1: Reference 1 dry DC spectrum.
DC Wet: Wet DC spectrum of sample gas.
DC Wet Ref 1: Reference 1 wet DC spectrum.
2f Dry: Dry AC spectrum of sample gas.
2f Dry Ref 1 Pdry/Pwet: Reference 1 dry AC spectrum based on
dry pressure.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Operator’s Manual
Serial Port Communications
3–7
Figure 3–5 Sample diagnostic data output
FS 5.15 Firmware
•
2f Wet Ref 1 Pwet: Reference 1 wet AC spectrum based on wet
pressure.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2f: AC spectrum of sample gas.
•
2f Wet Ref Val Pwet: Reference Validation wet AC spectrum based
on wet pressure.
•
2f Composite: Recreated AC spectrum based on the reference curve
fitting ratios.
Ref 1: Reference 1 AC spectrum.
Ref 2: Reference 2 AC spectrum.
Ref 3: Reference 3 AC spectrum.
Ref 4: Reference 4 AC spectrum.
Ref 0: Reference 0 AC spectrum.
Ref 0 RT: Reference 0 real-time AC spectrum.
Ref Val: Reference Validation AC spectrum.
2f Dry Ref Val Pdry/Pwet: Reference Validation dry AC spectrum
based on dry pressure.
Viewing Diagnostic Data with Microsoft Excel
A spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel can import the data collected
in the Mode 6 data dump for viewing and plotting.
To import the data file into Excel:
1. In Excel, click Open and choose the name of the spectrum file saved
while in Mode 6. Be sure to select All Files (*.*) under Files of
type: while searching, as shown in Figure 3–6.
2. The Text Import Wizard should open. Choose the Delimited
option and click Next, as shown in Figure 3–7.
3. Under Delimiters, choose the Tab and Space options, check the
Treat Consecutive Delimiters as One box, as shown in Figure
3–8, and then click Finish to display the spreadsheet.
The first few lines look like the normal serial output data received
before the Mode 6 command was entered. Look for the three
columns of numbers at the bottom of the file.
4. Click on the upper right cell of the three columns, as shown in Figure
3–9. Hold the Shift key down while pressing the End key followed
by the Down Arrow key to highlight the third column. Keep holding
down the Shift key and press the End key followed by the Left
Arrow key to select the three columns by 512 rows.
3–8
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
Figure 3–6 Opening a data file in Excel
Figure 3–7 Setting data type in Text Import Wizard
Operator’s Manual
3–9
FS 5.15 Firmware
Figure 3–8 Setting Tab and Space as delimiters
Figure 3–9 Highlighting imported data for plotting in
Excel
5. Click the Chart Wizard button
on the Task Bar. The Chart
Wizard should open, as shown in Figure 3–10.
3–10
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
Figure 3–10 Chart Wizard - Step 1 window
6. Choose the X-Y (Scatter) chart type and the Smoothed Lines
Without Markers sub-type. Click Finish to display a graph of the
spectrum, as shown in Figure 3–11.
3000
250
2500
200
2000
150
100
1500
50
1000
0
500
-50
0
-500 0
Figure 3–11
7.
Series1
Series2
200
400
-100
600-150
Data file plot in Excel
If the 2f curve appears flat, double click on it to get to the Format
Data Series Window, as shown in Figure 3–12. Select the Axis
tab, and select Plot Series on Secondary Axis. Click OK to rescale
the plot.
Operator’s Manual
3–11
FS 5.15 Firmware
Figure 3–12 Format Data Series window
Modbus Communications Protocol
Modbus is a serial communications protocol published by Modicon in 1979 for
use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It has become a de facto
standard communications protocol in industry, and is now the most commonly
available means of connecting industrial electronic devices. Modbus is used
extensively in lieu of other communications protocols because it is openly
published and royalty-free, relatively easy to deploy, and capable of moving
raw bits or words without placing many restrictions on vendors.
Modbus enables communication between many devices connected to the same
network, for example, a supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit
(RTU) in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems.
The SpectraSensors analyzer acts as a slave in a master/slave(s) network of
devices. It can receive queries from a master and send responses back using
either Gould Modbus RTU protocol or Daniel Extended Modbus RTU protocol.
Framing/Protocol
The transmission mode used to communicate is either Gould Modbus RTU or
Daniel Modbus RTU with port parameters 9600 to 115200 (baud rate), 8 (data
bits), 1 (stop bit), no (parity), and none (flow control/handshake).
The transmission mode is set by the user via the Modbus Mode parameter
(see “To change parameters in Mode 2” on page 2-15). Note that the
3–12
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
generic serial output (HyperTerminal) is disabled if either Gould or Daniel
Modbus is selected.
Functions
Available functions are 0x03 (read holding registers), 0x06 (write to a single
register), 0x10 (write to multiple registers), and 0x2B (read device
identification).
Addressing
The analyzer's Modbus slave node address can be in the range of 0-250 with
the default being 1. All analyzers will respond to an address of 0, so this
address can be used to interrogate a single unit when its address is unknown
or to determine its address.
See Table 3–1 on page 3–15 for register definitions for both Gould and Daniel
Modbus modes. Be aware that for Gould Modbus the table follows the
convention of identifying the register with an offset of 40001. Therefore, the
actual value transmitted in the starting register field of the command is the
listed register value minus 40001 (e.g., register 47001 is addressed as 7000).
Reading/Writing in Daniel Modbus Mode
Daniel Modbus supports three types of registers: short integer, long integer and
floating point. Each “short integer” register is two bytes in length and will
contain an integer value. Each “long integer” register is four bytes in length and
will contain an integer value and each “floating point” register is four bytes in
length and will contain a floating point value.
Reading/Writing in Gould Modbus Mode
Gould Modbus supports three types of variable data, short integer, long integer
and floating point, but all registers are addressed as word (two byte) registers.
A “short integer” value is contained in one register whereas a “long integer” or
“floating point” value requires two contiguous registers. The registers are
defined as Read or Read/Write.
Use caution when writing to registers as changing the value of a
writable register may affect the calibration of the analyzer.
An appropriate password must be downloaded to the password register prior
to writing to most registers. The User Level 1 (L1) user password 3142 will
allow access to those registers which have been pre-defined as user
configurable. Other writable registers can only be downloaded or changed by
SpectraSensors support personnel using a User Level 2 (L2) password.
Operator’s Manual
3–13
FS 5.15 Firmware
Endianness
Endianness, often referred to as byte order, is the ordering of individually
addressable sub-units (words, bytes, or even bits) within a longer data word.
Byte orders with the most versus least significant byte first are called bigendian and little-endian, respectively. In SpectraSensors analyzers, all bytes
are stored big-endian. Thus, for floating point and long-integer data types, the
byte order will look like:
HighWord-HighByte
HighWord-LowByte
LowWord-HighByte
LowWord-LowByte
Note that floating point values follow the IEEE Standard for Floating-Point
Arithmetic (IEEE 754-2008).
To enable Modbus communications:
1. Confirm that the serial cable has been properly connected (see
“Connecting the Signals and Alarms” in the Hardware Manual).
2. Power up the analyzer (see “Powering Up the Analyzer” on page
2-1).
3. Enter Mode 2 by pressing the # key followed by the 2 key.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Enter password:
FS 5.15-XXXX
The LCD prompts for a numeric password. Enter the user password
(3142) on the keypad, then press the * key to enter the number to
enter Mode 2 (Set Parameter Mode).
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Process Purge Time
60
Enter a value(secs)
4. Press the * key repeatedly until the Modbus Address parameter is
displayed.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Modbus Address
1
Enter node (1-250)
3–14
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
5. Enter the desired Modbus Address and press the * key to store the
value and cycle to the Modbus Mode parameter.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Modbus Mode
0
0:Off 1:GMR 2:DMR
6. Enter the desired Modbus Mode and press the * key to store the
value (see “To change parameters in Mode 2” on page 2-15).
7. Enter the 2 Way Com Port assignment and press the * key to store
the value.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
2 Way Com Port
1
0:Off1:Cus2:Ser3:Eth
8. Press the # key followed by the 1 key to return to Mode 1.The
analyzer is now ready to receive Modbus queries.
Table 3–1 Modbus register map
Parameter
Daniel
Reg.
Gould
Reg.
Data
Type
Action
Min.
Max.
Concentration Process
7001
47001
Float
Read
-
-
Temperature
7002
47003
Float
Read
-
-
Pressure
7003
47005
Float
Read
-
-
Concentration ppmv
7004
47007
Float
Read
-
-
Wet Temp C
7005
47009
Float
Read
-
-
Wet Pressure mb
7006
47011
Float
Read
-
-
Fit Residue
7007
47013
Float
Read
-
-
Current Midpoint
7008
47015
Float
Read
-
-
Dew Point
7009
47017
Float
Read
-
-
DC Level
7010
47019
Float
Read
-
-
Zero Level
7011
47021
Float
Read
-
-
4-20 mA Output Value
7012
47023
Float
Read
-
-
4-20 mA Input Value
7013
47025
Float
Read
-
-
RATA Mult Proposed
7014
47027
Float
Read
-
-
RATA Offset Proposed
7015
47029
Float
Read
-
-
Operator’s Manual
3–15
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table 3-1 Modbus register map (Continued)
Daniel
Reg.
Gould
Reg.
Data
Type
Action
Min.
Max.
Conc Process ppmv
7016
47031
Float
Read
-
-
Concentration
7017
47033
Float
Read
-
-
Val Date
7026
47051
Float
Read
-
-
Val Time
7027
47053
Float
Read
-
-
Val 1 Value
7028
47055
Float
Read
-
-
Val 2 Value
7029
47057
Float
Read
-
-
Val 1 Value ppmv
7030
47059
Float
Read
-
-
Val 2 Value ppmv
7031
47061
Float
Read
-
-
Val 1 Avg Value
7032
47063
Float
Read
-
-
Val 1 Avg Value ppmv
7033
47065
Float
Read
-
-
Val 1 Min Value ppmv
7034
47067
Float
Read
-
-
Val 1 Max Value ppmv
7035
47069
Float
Read
-
-
Val 2 Avg Value
7036
47071
Float
Read
-
-
Val 2 Avg Value ppmv
7037
47073
Float
Read
-
-
Val 2 Min Value ppmv
7038
47075
Float
Read
-
-
Val 2 Max Value ppmv
7039
47077
Float
Read
-
-
Dry Temp C
7041
47081
Float
Read
-
-
Dry Pressure mb
7042
47083
Float
Read
-
-
Dry DC Level
7043
47085
Float
Read
-
-
Scrubber Life Left
7044
47087
Float
Read
-
-
Common Weight
7051
47101
Float
Read
-
-
Fitting Ratio
7052
47103
Float
Read
-
-
Fitting Ratio 2
7053
47105
Float
Read
-
-
Fitting Ratio 3
7054
47107
Float
Read
-
-
Fitting Ratio 4
7055
47109
Float
Read
-
-
Fitting Ratio 5
7056
47111
Float
Read
-
-
Fitting Ratio Dry
7057
47113
Float
Read
-
-
Fitting Ratio Dry-1
7058
47115
Float
Read
-
-
Cross Shift
7060
47119
Float
Read
-
-
Peak Track Index
7061
47121
Float
Read
-
-
Peak Index Ref
7062
47123
Float
Read
-
-
Peak Track Index Dry
7091
47181
Float
Read
-
-
Parameter
3–16
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
Table 3-1 Modbus register map (Continued)
Daniel
Reg.
Gould
Reg.
Data
Type
Action
Min.
Max.
Peak Index Ref Dry
7092
47183
Float
Read
-
-
RATA Multiplier
7101
47201
Float
R/W L1
-1.00E+06
1.00E+06
RATA Offset
7102
47203
Float
R/W L1
-1.00E+06
1.00E+06
Low Alarm Setpoint
7103
47205
Float
R/W L1
-1.00E+06
1.00E+06
High Alarm Setpoint
7104
47207
Float
R/W L1
-1.00E+06
1.00E+06
AO 4 mA Value
7105
47209
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+05
AO 20 mA Value
7106
47211
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+05
AO 4-20 mA Test
7107
47213
Float
R/W L1
0
100
AI 4 mA Value
7108
47215
Float
R/W L1
0
499999
AI 20 mA Value
7109
47217
Float
R/W L1
0
499999
Val 1 Concentration
7110
47219
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
Val 2 Concentration
7111
47221
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
Validation Allowance
7112
47223
Float
R/W L1
0
100
Zero Val Tolerance
7113
47225
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
Pipeline Pressure
7125
47249
Float
R/W L1
5000
499999
Methane
7126
47251
Float
R/W L1
0
1
Ethane
7127
47253
Float
R/W L1
0
1
Nitrogen
7128
47255
Float
R/W L1
0
1
Carbon Dioxide
7129
47257
Float
R/W L1
0
1
Propane
7130
47259
Float
R/W L1
0
1
I-Butane
7131
47261
Float
R/W L1
0
1
N-Butane
7132
47263
Float
R/W L1
0
1
Neo-Pentane
7133
47265
Float
R/W L1
0
1
I-Pentane
7134
47267
Float
R/W L1
0
1
N-Pentane
7135
47269
Float
R/W L1
0
1
Hexane
7136
47271
Float
R/W L1
0
1
ppmv ConvFactor 00
7139
47277
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
lb ConvFactor 01
7140
47279
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
% ConvFactor 02
7141
47281
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
mg ConvFactor 03
7142
47283
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
ppmw ConvFactor 04
7143
47285
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
ppbv ConvFactor 05
7144
47287
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
Parameter
Operator’s Manual
3–17
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table 3-1 Modbus register map (Continued)
Daniel
Reg.
Gould
Reg.
Data
Type
Action
Min.
Max.
ppbw ConvFactor 06
7145
47289
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
grn ConvFactor 07
7146
47291
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
user ConvFactor 08
7147
47293
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
Val Perm Constant Kp
7212
47423
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
Val Perm Rate Rp
7213
47425
Float
R/W L1
0
1.00E+06
Alarm Flags
5001
45001
Long
Read
-
-
Status Flags
5002
45003
Long
Read
-
-
DO Alarm Setup
5101
45201
Long
R/W L1
0
4.29E+09
user EU Tag Part 1
5102
45203
Long
R/W L1
0
4.29E+09
user EU Tag Part 2
5103
45205
Long
R/W L1
0
4.29E+09
Serial Date
3001
43001
Integer
Read
-
-
Serial Number
3002
43002
Integer
Read
-
-
Scrubber Days Left
3081
43081
Integer
Read
-
-
Current 2F Flag
3103
43103
Integer
Read
-
-
Logger Rate
3202
43202
Integer
R/W L1
1
1000
4-20 mA Alarm Action
3204
43204
Integer
R/W L1
0
3
Temperature Unit
3205
43205
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Pressure Unit
3206
43206
Integer
R/W L1
0
3
Concentration Unit
3207
43207
Integer
R/W L1
0
8
Modbus Address
3208
43208
Integer
R/W L1
0
250
Modbus Mode
3209
43209
Integer
R/W L1
0
2
AI Pressure Input
3210
43210
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
RATA
3211
43211
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
New Scrub Installed
3212
43212
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
General Alarm DO
3213
43213
Integer
R/W L1
0
2
Baud Rate
3214
43214
Integer
R/W L1
0
4
Set Time - Year
3215
43215
Integer
R/W L1
2007
2143
Set Time - Month
3216
43216
Integer
R/W L1
1
12
Set Time - Day
3217
43217
Integer
R/W L1
1
31
Set Time - Hour
3218
43218
Integer
R/W L1
0
23
Set Time - Minute
3219
43219
Integer
R/W L1
0
59
Cancel Val Alarms
3220
43220
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Parameter
3–18
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
Table 3-1 Modbus register map (Continued)
Daniel
Reg.
Gould
Reg.
Data
Type
Action
Min.
Max.
Daily Validation
3221
43221
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Val Start Time
3222
43222
Integer
R/W L1
0
23
Val Interval
3223
43223
Integer
R/W L1
1
400
Start Validation
3224
43224
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Val Purge Period
3225
43225
Integer
R/W L1
0
4000
Val Duration
3226
43226
Integer
R/W L1
0
8000
Val Attempts
3227
43227
Integer
R/W L1
1
8000
4-20 mA Val Action
3228
43228
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Val Auto
DumpSpectrm
3230
43230
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Update RATA
3231
43231
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Stream Switch ID
3232
43232
Integer
R/W L1
0
10
Stream Switch
3233
43233
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Conversion Type
3251
43251
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Calculate Dew Point
3252
43252
Integer
R/W L1
0
2
Dew Point Method
3253
43253
Integer
R/W L1
0
3
2 Way Com Port
3365
43365
Integer
R/W L1
0
3
Keypad Watchdog
3368
43368
Integer
R/W L1
0
9999
Rapid Change Monitor
3402
43402
Integer
R/W L1
0
1
Process Purge Time
3408
43408
Integer
R/W L1
60
9999
Custom Precision
3413
43413
Integer
R/W L1
0
5
Peak Tracking
3419
43419
Integer
R/W L1
0
2
Operator Password
3501
43501
Integer
R/W L1
0
9999
Operator Parameter01
3502
43502
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter02
3503
43503
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter03
3504
43504
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter04
3505
43505
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter05
3506
43506
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter06
3507
43507
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter07
3508
43508
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter08
3509
43509
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter09
3510
43510
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Parameter
Operator’s Manual
3–19
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table 3-1 Modbus register map (Continued)
Parameter
Daniel
Reg.
Gould
Reg.
Data
Type
Action
Min.
Max.
Operator Parameter10
3511
43511
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter11
3512
43512
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter12
3513
43513
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter13
3514
43514
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter14
3515
43515
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter15
3516
43516
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter16
3517
43517
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter17
3518
43518
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter18
3519
43519
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter19
3520
43520
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Operator Parameter20
3521
43521
Integer
R/W L1
0
286
Password
4999
44999
Integer
R/W L0
0
9999
Modbus Accessible Parameter Definitions
For definitions of the Modbus accessible parameters shown in “Modbus register
map” on page 3-15, see below. For more detailed information, refer to
“Measurement and Control Parameters Defined” on page 2-15.
3–20
•
% ConvFactor 02: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 2 (%) and this value is greater than
0.0. When it is equal to 0.0, the default conversion factor is used.
•
2 Way Com Port: Sets the port that allows two-way
communications, including Modbus and the diagnostic protocol.
•
4-20 mA Alarm Action: Determines the current loop state upon an
alarm condition.
•
4-20 mA Input Value: The current value of the 4-20 mA input for
pipeline pressure in mA’s.
•
4-20 mA Output Value: The current value of the 4-20 mA output
for concentration in mA’s.
•
4-20 mA Val Action: Sets the operation mode of the 4-20 mA
current loop during validation cycles.
•
AI 4 mA Value: Sets the pipeline pressure (in mbar) corresponding
to a 4 mA current loop input.
•
AI 20 mA Value: Sets the pipeline pressure (in mbar)
corresponding to a 20 mA current loop input.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
•
AI Pressure Input: Enables or disables the analog input pipeline
pressure capability.
•
AO 4mA Value: Sets the concentration (in ppmv) or dew point
temperature (in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit) corresponding to a 4
mA current loop output.
•
AO 20mA Value: Sets the concentration (in ppmv) or dew point
temperature (in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit) corresponding to a 20
mA current loop output.
•
AO 4-20 mA Test: Sets the 4-20 mA output to a percentage of full
scale when in Mode 5.
•
Alarm Flags: Long integer register identifying the current status of
each individual alarm in the analyzer, as shown in Table 2–4.
•
•
Baud Rate: Sets the baud rate for the customer port.
•
•
Cancel Val Alarms: Cancels all validation alarms once activated.
•
Common Weight: Ratio of the measured spectrum that did not
match a reference spectrum.
•
Concentration: Current measured (live) analyte concentration
(process or validation) in selected engineering units.
•
Concentration ppmv: Current measured (live) analyte
concentration (process or validation) in parts per million by volume
(ppmv).
•
Concentration Process: Measured analyte concentration (process
or validation) of last process reading in selected engineering units.
•
Conc Process ppmv: Measured analyte concentration of last
process reading in parts per million by volume (ppmv).
•
Concentration Unit: Sets the display units for the measured
concentration.
•
Conversion Type: Sets the type of relations (ideal or real gas) used
in the dew point calculation [0 for ideal gas relations or 1 for real gas
relations (Z calculated using Peng-Robinson EOS)]. For a full
description of the conversions, see “Water Correlation” on page A-1.
•
Cross Shift: The amount of shift applied to match the measured
spectrum to the reference spectrum when using Cross Correlation.
•
Current 2F Flag: Displays the current scrubber protection usage
level: 0 = standard protection (used for non-differential units), 1 =
mid protection, 2 = high protection, 3 = max protection (no usage).
Calculate Dew Point: Enables the calculation of the dew point value
and controls where the value will be output.
Carbon Dioxide: Sets the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the dry
gas mixture that is used when calculating the dew point temperature
per ISO 18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas
mixture NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
Operator’s Manual
3–21
FS 5.15 Firmware
3–22
•
Current Midpoint: Current midpoint that the analyzer is using,
including any peak tracking adjustments.
•
Custom Precision: Sets the number of viewable digits to the right
of the decimal point.
•
•
•
Daily Validation: Enables or disables the autovalidation feature.
•
Dew Point Method: Sets the type of dew point calculation to be
performed when Calculate Dew Point is enabled.
•
•
DO Alarm Setup: Sets the functionality of the Assignable Alarm.
•
Dry Pressure mb: Current measured dry pressure of the gas
sample in millibar (mb)
•
Dry Temp C: Current measured dry temperature of the gas sample
in degrees in Celsius.
•
Ethane: Sets the mole fraction of ethane in the dry gas mixture used
when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO 18453:2006.
The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture NG3 of
Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
Fit Residue: Value ranging from 0 to 1 indicating how well the
measured spectrum fit the referenced spectrum, where 1 represents
a perfect match.
•
Fitting Ratio: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the Reference
1 or Validation spectrum.
•
Fitting Ratio 2: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the
Reference 2 spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the
Reference 2 spectrum was not used in the calculation of
concentration.
•
Fitting Ratio 3: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the
Reference 3 spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the
Reference 3 spectrum was not used in the calculation of
concentration.
•
Fitting Ratio 4: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the
Reference 4 spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the
Reference 4 spectrum was not used in the calculation of
concentration.
•
Fitting Ratio 5: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the
Reference 5 spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the
Reference 5 spectrum was not used in the calculation of
concentration.
DC Level: Signal level at the high end of the current ramp.
Dew Point: Measured analyte concentration of last process reading
as a moisture dew point.
Dry DC Level: Signal level at the high end of the current ramp
during the dry cycle.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
•
Fitting Ratio Dry: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the
Reference Dry spectrum, where a value of 0 indicates that the
Reference Dry spectrum was not used in the calculation of
concentration.
•
Fitting Ratio Dry-1: Ratio of the measured spectrum versus the
Reference Dry spectrum shifted by 1 index value, where a value of 0
indicates that the Reference Dry spectrum shifted by 1 index value
was not used in the calculation of concentration.
•
General Alarm DO: Sets the operation of the general alarm relay
digital output when a general fault alarm occurs.
•
grn ConvFactor 07: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 7 (grains/100scf) and this value
is greater than 0.0. The default conversion factor is used when it is
equal to 0.0.
•
High Alarm Setpoint: Determines the concentration threshold
above which the Concentra High Alarm will be triggered.
•
Hexane: Sets the mole fraction of hexane in the dry gas mixture
used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
I-Butane: Sets the mole fraction of i-butane in the dry gas mixture
used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
I-Pentane: Sets the mole fraction of i-pentane in the dry gas
mixture used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
Keypad Watchdog: Sets the allowable time (in seconds) that the
analyzer can be on the MODE screen and the Mode 2 (Set Parameter
Mode) password screen before automatically reverting to Mode 1
(Normal Mode).
•
lb ConvFactor 01: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 1 (lbs/MMscf) and this value is
greater than 0.0. The default conversion factor is used when it is
equal to 0.0.
•
Logger Rate: Sets the number of measurements included in the
running average.
•
Low Alarm Setpoint: Determines the concentration threshold
below which the Concentra Low Alarm will be triggered.
•
Methane: Sets the mole fraction of methane in the dry gas mixture
used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
Operator’s Manual
3–23
FS 5.15 Firmware
3–24
•
mg ConvFactor 03: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 3 (mg/Nm3) and this value is
greater than 0.0. The default conversion factor is used when it is
equal to 0.0.
•
Modbus Address: Sets the analyzer address when the analyzer is
used as a Modbus slave device.
•
Modbus Mode: Sets the communications protocol for the port
selected by the 2 Way Com Port parameter.
•
N-Butane: Sets the mole fraction of n-butane in the dry gas mixture
used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
N-Pentane: Sets the mole fraction of n-pentane in the dry gas
mixture used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
Neo-Pentane: Sets the mole fraction of neo-pentane in the dry gas
mixture used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
New Scrub Installed: Resets the scrubber/dryer alarm once
activated, and the scrubber/dryer lifetime monitor.
•
Nitrogen: Sets the mole fraction of nitrogen in the dry gas mixture
used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
Operator Parameter01 - Operator Parameter20: Parameter
indices for parameters to be viewed through the Operator Parameter
section.
•
Operator Password: Sets a password for the Operator Parameter
section.
•
Password: Required to access the system to download (i.e.,
change) register settings.
•
•
Peak Index Ref: Peak index used for reference.
•
•
Peak Track Index: Peak index of the measured spectrum.
•
Peak Tracking: A software utility that periodically adjusts the laser
current to keep the absorption peak of the measured component at
a known location.
Peak Index Ref Dry: Peak index (0.0 for non-differential units)
used for reference from the last scrubber cycle.
Peak Track Index Dry: Peak index (0.0 for non-differential units)
of the measured spectrum from the last scrubber cycle.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
•
Pipeline Pressure: Sets the pipeline pressure (in mbar) in the
current dew point calculation or, if enabled, displays the current
pipeline pressure input through the AI Pressure Input.
•
ppbv ConvFactor 05: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 5 (ppbv) and this value is greater
than 0.0. When it is equal to 0.0, the default conversion factor is
used.
•
ppbw ConvFactor 06: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 6 (ppbw) and this value is greater
than 0.0. When it is equal to 0.0, the default conversion factor is
used.
•
ppmv ConvFactor 00: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 0 (ppmv) and this value is greater
than 0.0. The default conversion factor is used when it is equal to 0.0.
•
ppmw ConvFactor 04: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 4 (ppmw) and this value is greater
than 0.0. The default conversion factor is used when it is equal to 0.0.
•
Pressure: Current measured (live) wet pressure reading of the gas
sample in selected engineering units.
•
Pressure Unit: Designates the display units for the measured
absolute pressure in the cell.
•
Propane: Sets the mole fraction of propane in the dry gas mixture
used when calculating the dew point temperature per ISO
18453:2006. The default value corresponds to natural gas mixture
NG3 of Table A–5 on page A–12.
•
Process Purge Time: Sets the time in seconds that the analyzer will
purge the system with process gas before starting a dry cycle when
switching to the process stream after a validation.
•
Rapid Change Monitor: Enables or disables the dynamic logger
rate based on the concentration rate of change.
•
RATA: Enables or disables user definable values that allow
adjustment (without affecting the factory calibration) of the analyzer
reading in the field.
•
RATA Multiplier: User definable value that enables adjustment
(without affecting the factory calibration) of the analyzer response
(or slope) in the field.
•
RATA Mult Proposed: The latest proposed RATA multiplier value
calculated based on the last validation run.
•
RATA Offset: User definable value that enables adjustment (without
affecting the factory calibration) of the analyzer offset in the field.
•
RATA Offset Proposed: The latest proposed RATA offset value
calculated based on the last validation run.
Operator’s Manual
3–25
FS 5.15 Firmware
•
Scrubber Days Left: The remaining scrubber life in days. A fresh
scrubber will start at a predetermined number of days and will count
down to 0.
•
Scrubber Life Left: The remaining scrubber life in percentage. A
fresh scrubber will start at 100% and will decline to 0% when fully
exhausted.
•
•
•
Serial Date: Date the analyzer was calibrated.
•
Set Time - Hour: Sets the current hour for the clock driving daily
validations.
•
Set Time - Minute: Sets the current minute for the clock driving
daily validations.
•
Set Time - Month: Sets the current month for the clock driving daily
validations.
•
Set Time - Year: Sets the current year for the clock driving daily
validations.
•
•
Start Validation: Initiates the validation cycle.
Serial Number: Serial number of the analyzer.
Set Time - Day: Sets the current day for the clock driving daily
validations.
Status Flags: Long integer register identifying the occurrence of
various events in the analyzer, as shown in Table 3–2.
Table 3–2 Status flags
•
3–26
Bit
Hex
Value
0
00001
Current measurement valid (wet cycle active)
1
00002
Wet purging complete, wet measurement in progress
2
00004
Wet purging in progress
3
00008
Dry purging complete, dry measurement in progress
4
00010
Dry purging in progress
5
00020
Validation Mode
6
00040
Validation Flag 1
7
00080
Validation Flag 2
8
00100
Validation 1 Fail Flag
9
00200
Validation 2 Fail Flag
Status
Stream Switch ID: The stream ID that matches the stream being
switched to by the Stream Switch parameter.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
•
Stream Switch: If the current value is ‘0’, then setting to ‘1’ allows
a stream switch to occur by starting the analyzer's Process Purge
Time followed by a scrubber cycle. The value will remain at ‘1’ until
the first concentration value is output at which point it will return to
‘0’. If the current value is ‘1’, then this value does not accept any
changes.
•
Temperature: Current measured (live) wet temperature of the gas
sample in selected engineering units.
•
Temperature Unit: Designates the display units for the measured
cell temperature.
•
Update RATA: When set to ‘1’ stores the latest proposed RATA
multiplier and offset values in the RATA Multiplier and RATA Offset
parameters, respectively.
•
user ConvFactor 08: Sets a custom conversion factor when the
parameter Concentration Unit = 8 (user EU Tag Part 1 and 2) and
this value is greater than 0.0. The default conversion factor is used
when it is equal to 0.0.
•
user EU Tag Part 1: Sets a custom engineering unit tag name for
the beginning four ASCII characters. For example: A is ASCII hex
value 41, so AAAA would be 41414141, which would be
1,094,795,585 in decimal format. Refer to Table 3–3.
•
user EU Tag Part 2: Sets a custom engineering unit tag name for
the last four ASCII characters. For example: A is ASCII hex value 41,
so AAAA would be 41414141, which would be 1,094,795,585 in
decimal format. Refer to Table 3–3.
Operator’s Manual
3–27
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table 3–3 ASCII Character Map
To find the hexadecimal value in Table 3–3, first find the character
needed in the table. Trace to the reference number in the column
header (c) at the top of the table, then to the row to the left (r) to
create the value (cr). For example, locate the ‘A’ in the table. The ‘A’
corresponds with the value (4) in the column header at the top of the
table. Next, follow the row in which ‘A’ is present to the value at the
left of the table (1). Combined, these create the hexadecimal value
of 41.
3–28
•
Val 1 Concentration: Sets the concentration value of validation gas
supply #1.
•
Val 2 Concentration: Sets the concentration value of validation gas
supply #2.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Serial Port Communications
•
Val 1 Value: Measured analyte concentration of last validation 1
reading in selected engineering units.
•
Val 2 Value: Measured analyte concentration of last validation 2
reading in selected engineering units.
•
Val 1 Value ppmv: Measured analyte concentration of last
validation 1 reading in parts per million by volume (ppmv)
•
Val 2 Value ppmv: Measured analyte concentration of last
validation 2 reading in parts per million by volume (ppmv)
•
Val 1 Avg Value: Average analyte concentration of last Validation 1
measurement period in selected engineering units.
•
Val 2 Avg Value: Average analyte concentration of last Validation 2
measurement period in selected engineering units.
•
Val 1 Avg Value ppmv: Average analyte concentration of last
Validation 1 measurement period in parts per million by volume
(ppmv).
•
Val 2 Avg Value ppmv: Average analyte concentration of last
Validation 2 measurement period in parts per million by volume
(ppmv).
•
Val 1 Min Value ppmv: Minimum analyte concentration of last
Validation 1 measurement period in parts per million by volume
(ppmv).
•
Val 2 Min Value ppmv: Minimum analyte concentration of last
Validation 2 measurement period in parts per million by volume
(ppmv).
•
Val 1 Max Value ppmv: Maximum analyte concentration of last
Validation 1 measurement period in parts per million by volume
(ppmv).
•
Val 2 Max Value ppmv: Maximum analyte concentration of last
Validation 2 measurement period in parts per million by volume
(ppmv).
•
Val Attempts: Sets the maximum number of failures of the analyzer
to measure the validation gas within the set tolerances before
stopping the autovalidation sequence and triggering a Validation
Fail Alarm.
•
Val Auto DumpSpectrm: Determines whether a Mode 6 dump
automatically occurs after each validation measurement.
•
•
Val Date: Date of the last validation.
•
Val Duration: Sets the total number of seconds a validation cycle
will run.
Validation Allowance: Sets the tolerance (%) for validation
measurements when Val 1 Concentration or Val 2 Concentration
is set to a value greater than 0.
Operator’s Manual
3–29
FS 5.15 Firmware
3–30
•
Val Interval: Sets the number of days between autovalidation
cycles.
•
Val Perm Constant Kp: Sets the system constant that is
determined at the factory at the time of calibration.
•
Val Perm Rate Rp: Sets the permeation rate in ng/min referenced
on the certification for the permeation device.
•
Val Purge Period: Sets the number of seconds the analyzer will
purge the system with validation gas before starting a dry cycle upon
validation initiation.
•
Val Start Time: Sets the hour of the day for the daily autovalidation
to begin.
•
•
Val Time: Time of the last validation.
•
Wet Temp C: Current measured (live) temperature of the gas
sample in degrees Celsius.
•
•
Zero Level: Signal level when the laser is turned off.
Wet Pressure mb: Current measured (live) wet pressure reading of
the gas sample in millibar (mb).
Zero Val Tolerance: Used to set the maximum acceptable reading
when validating with zero gas.
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
4 - ETHERNET COMMUNICATIONS
Configuring the Built-in Ethernet Port
The built-in Ethernet port must be properly configured to communicate on a
network with a serial device. The Ethernet port has been factory set as follows:
•
•
•
IP Address: 192.168.000.001
Telnet (Set-up) Port: 9999
Serial Data Port: 10001
The configuration is stored in nonvolatile memory and is retained without
power. The configuration can be changed at any time.
If the IP address or any other setting needs to be changed, the Ethernet port
Setup Mode can be accessed using a Telnet connection to configure the port
locally or over the network.
To configure the built-in Ethernet port:•
1. From your computer Windows desktop, click Start followed by Run
(usually located in the lower right side of the Start Menu).
2. Type the following command: telnet 192.168.000.001 9999
3. Click OK to establish a Telnet connection. The following message
appears:
MAC address XXXXXXXXXXXX (E.g., 00204A808BE8)
Software version V6.3.0.3RC3 (061110) (Version may vary by system)
Press Enter for Setup Mode
4. To enter Setup Mode, press Enter within 5 seconds. The
configuration settings display, followed by the Change Setup menu.
Change Setup:
0 Server
1 Channel 1
5 Expert
6 Security
7 Defaults
8 Exit without save
9 Save and exit
Your choice ?
5. Select an option on the menu by entering the number of the option
in the “Your choice?” field and pressing Enter.
The two menus recommended for review are “0 Server” and “1
Channel 1”. Bypass the other options listed in the menu.
Operator’s Manual
4–1
FS 5.15 Firmware
6. After selecting “0” for Server setup, confirm each value and press
Enter.
Under the “0 Server” option, the most commonly changed
parameters include the IP Address and Port No, however, these
are not required to be changed. Please confirm with Service
before changing any other parameters.
7. For “1 Channel 1,” confirm the current value and press Enter. No
parameters under this option need to be changed.
Parameters that should never be changed under “1 Channel 1”
include:
• Baudrate (230400)?
• I/F Mode (4C)?
• Flow (00)?
8. When finished, save the new configuration by pressing 9 (Save and
exit) and Enter. The port will reboot after the configuration has been
stored.
All other Parameters should be left at default values unless the
user is knowledgeable about configuring Ethernet.
General Information for Configuring Ethernet
For more information on configuring your computer for Ethernet connection,
please refer to the Lantronix websites below.
4–2
•
XPort Direct+ Demonstration Kit:
http://www.lantronix.com/pdf/XPort-Direct-Plus_QS.pdf
•
Lantronix Downloads and Documentation:
http://www.lantronix.com/support/downloads/?p=XPORTDIRECTPL
S
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
5 - VALIDATION OF TRACE MOISTURE
MEASUREMENTS
The information contained in this chapter is provided for systems designed to
detect moisture. Please disregard if this does not apply to your analyzer
configuration.
The permeation rate and resultant water content of the validation
flow have been carefully calibrated at the factory (refer to the
system drawings for the calibrated output of the validation flow).
DO NOT adjust the pressure regulator, flow controllers or
temperature of the sample conditioning system or the calibration
of the validation flow will be lost. If you suspect the settings of the
sample conditioning system have been altered, contact your
factory sales representative.
Validation Methods
SpectraSensors uses one of two methods to validate low moisture
measurements; a permeation validation system and a dynamic dilution.
Permeation validation systems provide a convenient and reliable method of
validating the performance of the analyzer, without the need for elaborate
blending systems and certified standards that might be impossible to obtain in
the field. The analyzer accuracy and repeatability is not based on, certified or
tested using the installed permeation device, however. SpectraSensors has
found that permeation devices generally do not generate more stable,
repeatable or accurate trace moisture mixes than the dynamic dilution stations
used in our factory to calibrate the analyzer.
In a dynamic dilution, a certified blend of gas can be diluted using precision
flow controllers to produce the desired concentration of trace moisture in the
actual sample gas.
Operator’s Manual
5–1
FS 5.15 Firmware
Permeation Validation for Trace Moisture
Analyzers (0-10 ppm H2O)
The analyzer accuracy and repeatability is not based on,
certified or tested using the installed permeation device.
SpectraSensors has found that permeation devices generally do
not generate more stable, repeatable or accurate trace moisture
mixtures than the dynamic dilution stations used in our factory to
calibrate the analyzer. Permeation validation systems do provide
a convenient and reliable method of validating the performance of
the analyzer, without the need for elaborate blending systems
and certified standards that might be impossible to obtain in the
field.
The concentration measured during calibration, Cp, is related to the certified
permeation rate of the device, Rp, by a system constant, Kp, using the
equation:
Kp = Cp/Rp
This equation requires that the following conditions be met:
•
Sample temperature is stable and equal to the temperature at
calibration
•
•
Sample flow is stable and equal to the flow at calibration
Sample pressure at the permeation device is stable and equal to the
pressure at calibration
Due to the required conditions, the sample flow pressure
regulator, flow control valve and back pressure regulator are
factory set and should not be adjusted in the field. The flow
components in the sample system are marked with red tags and
the message: FACTORY SET - DO NOT FIELD ADJUST. The
components have been set to give the required flow rate at the
conditions described in the drawings provided with the analyzer.
Changing any of these settings voids the certification of the
permeation system and changes the measured concentration
during validation.
The sample flow flowmeters are NOT intended to be used for
setting the flows in the field. The measurement accuracy of the
flowmeters is not sufficient to reproduce the factory flow rates in
the event the flow rates are inadvertently changed or require a
change.
5–2
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Validation of Trace Moisture Measurements
Setting the Kp Value
The system constant Kp is determined at the factory when the analyzer is
calibrated. Using the system constant, the permeation device can be replaced
with another permeation device using a different permeation rate, and the
correct new permeation concentration will be calculated by the analyzer
software. The system constant Kp will be consistent over the life of the analyzer
provided the temperature, sample flow rate and pressure of the system are not
changed from the factory settings.
Recalculating the System Constant Kp
Use the procedure in this section to recalculate the system constant Kp in the
field when the following conditions have occurred:
•
The pressure or flow control devices in the sample system are
inadvertently changed
•
The sample background composition differs greatly from that
specified for factory calibration
To recalculate the system constant
In some cases it may not be possible to reproduce the correct validation
concentration Cp. In such cases, the system constant will need to be
recalculated using the following procedure.
DO NOT CHANGE ANY OTHER PARAMETER. Doing so may cause
the analyzer to stop functioning or provide an inaccurate
measurement.
To recalculate the system constant Kp, the analyzer must be
reading a correct and accurate value within the measured range.
Contact the SpectraSensors Service department if there is any
reason to believe the analyzer is not working correctly or making
an accurate measurement.
Verify that the analyzer and permeation device have stabilized.
Allow a minimum of 8 hours, preferably overnight, before
beginning this procedure.
1. Press #7 and allow the analyzer to validate for at least one hour
before proceeding.
2. Calculate the average (mean) validation measurement value Cp.
3. Calculate the new Kp (Kp = Cp/Rp).
4. Calculate the Standard Deviation of the mean Cp 
5. Calculate the Validation Allowance as 3 /Cp * 100.
Operator’s Manual
5–3
FS 5.15 Firmware
6. Press #2, enter the password and press the * key.
7. Continue pressing the * key until the Validation Allowance
parameter displays.
8. Enter the Validation Allowance calculated above and press the * key.
9. Continue pressing the * key until the Val Perm Constant Kp
parameter displays, and enter the new Kp calculated above.
10. Enter the new Kp calculated above and press the * key.
11. Press #1 to return to Normal Mode.
12. Press #7 to ensure that the analyzer will continue to provide the
correct Validation Concentration +/- the Validation Allowance.
Validation of Trace Moisture or Ammonia
Measurements Using Permeation Devices
For trace moisture systems, SpectraSensors employs a patented G-CAL
permeation tube.
The permeation device is designed to continuously release a fixed rate of
analyte, approximately 2018NG/M, at 50C. Refer to Figure 5–1 for a schematic
diagram of the permeation tube. The analyte released is continuously mixed
with the dry process gas at 3000 sccm during validation mode (refer to “Mode
7: (Measure Port1 Mode)” on page 2-7). This will result in a calibration
mixture of Cp in parts per million (ppm) by volume, as long as return pressure
is at atmospheric pressure.
Figure 5–1 Schematic of permeation tube
The permeation device connects to a “T” assembly between port 6 and 3 of the
six-way valve (refer to Figure 5–2). During normal operating conditions, a
portion of the process gas return from the sample cell flows through one end
of the “T” and carries the excess moisture or analyte released from the
permeation assembly back to vent. When the system is switched to validation
(refer to “Mode 7: (Measure Port1 Mode)” on page 2-7), the six-way valve
changes positions allowing the dry process gas (flowing at 3000 sccm) through
the “T” in the opposite direction, carrying the mixed gas into the sample cell.
5–4
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Validation of Trace Moisture Measurements
Flow shown in
the ’OFF’
position
Permeation Tube
Sample
Supply
Dryer
Sample
Return
Figure 5–2 Typical sample system for differential
measurement with permeation tube validation
capability
The concentration of pollutant obtained in ppm by volume may be computed
using the following formula:
C = KxP
----------F
Operator’s Manual
K (Water) = 1.358
5–5
FS 5.15 Firmware
where:
•
•
•
C = concentration of ppm in volume
F = carrier gas flow rate in ML/minute at 1atm and 25C
P = permeation rate of the G-CAL assembly in nanograms/minute at
the temperature of the G-CAL (environment temperature)
The entire flow system is maintained at constant elevated temperature
(typically 50 to 60°C).The constant temperature not only minimizes species
adsorption/desorption and prevents condensation, but in combination with the
regulated sample supply pressure and controlled flow rates, ensures a constant
mixture of Cp in parts per million (ppm) by volume.
The entire analyzer system is calibrated for operation at the
enclosure temperature and sample flow rate specified.
Measurements should be considered valid only when the enclosure
is at the specified temperature and sample flow rate. After opening
the sample system enclosure door to check settings, allow at least
1 to 2 hours for the temperature to re-stabilize before validating.
To replace the permeation device, refer to the SCS Overview
Manual for instructions.
5–6
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Appendix A: Water Correlation
Water Content
In the context of gas analyzers, water content refers to the concentration of
water vapor in the gaseous phase. Water content is typically stated as mole,
mass or volume fraction, which are independent of a reference state, or as
mass of water per volume of gas, which is dependent on a reference state. For
relatively low water content, the mole fraction of water in the gaseous phase
(yw) is typically given in dimensionless form as parts per million (ppm),
nw
y w = ------------------  106 [ppm] ,
nw + nm
(1)
where nw is the number of moles of water, nm is the number of moles of the
“dry” mixture. For mass and volume fraction, the units would be ppm(m) and
ppm(v) or ppmv, respectively. In the event the water content is extremely low,
parts per billion (ppb) or even parts per trillion (ppt) may be used.
Water content expressed as mass of water per volume of gas is typically given
in milligrams per normal cubic meter (mg/Nm3), where the letter “N” indicates
normal reference conditions (typically 0°C and 1atm), or pounds per million
standard cubic feet (lb/MMscf), where “s” indicates standard reference
conditions (typically 60°F and 1atm). As shown in Table A–1, the definition of
reference conditions varies considerably, and thus, should be specified
explicitly when using units dependent on a reference state. Here, normal
reference conditions are P N = 101325Pa and T N = 273.15K.
The conversion of water content (WC) from mole fraction to mass per volume
of gas (mg/Nm3) is given by,
yw Mw PN
WC = -------------- ----------------- [mg/Nm3] ,
1 – y w Z N RT N
(2)
where Mw is the molecular weight of water (18015.2 mg/mol), TN is the
temperature at normal reference conditions (K), PN is the pressure at normal
reference conditions (Pa), ZN is the compressibility of the “dry” gas mixture at
normal reference conditions, and R is the universal gas constant (8.3145
J/molK). For perfect gases, Z N = 1 and
yw
WC = ------------- 803745 [mg/Nm3] .
1 – yw
Operator’s Manual
(3)
A–1
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table A–1 Common reference conditions
T
(K)
P
(Pa)
Organization
273.15
100000
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [1]
288.15
101325
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [2]
298.15
100000
National Bureau of Standards (NBS) [3]
288.71
100000
Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) [4]
293.15
101325
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
288.71
101560
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) [5]
288.71
101325
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHEA) [6]
Dew Point
In some instances, it is desired to express the water content in terms of the
water “dew point” for the gas mixture. The water dew point of a gas is the
temperature at which the gas is saturated with water at a given pressure.
Saturation implies that the water vapor is in equilibrium with water in the liquid
or solid phase (depending on which is present). When water vapor is in
equilibrium with the solid (ice) phase, the dew point is often referred to as the
“frost point.”
Dew Point Conversion
Various correlations and standards have been developed (some based on
Raoult’s law) that are currently used in natural gas practice for converting from
water dew point temperature to water content, such as ASTM 1142-95 (2006)
[8], Bukacek [9], the Arden Buck method and ISO 18453:2006 [10].
Raoult’s Law
Assuming ideal gas behavior, the simplest thermodynamically based equation
for calculating water content at the dew point temperature is based on Raoult’s
law [7]
y w P = x w P wsat  T 
,
(4)
where yw is the mole fraction of water in the vapor phase, P is the total
pressure, xw is the mole fraction of water in the liquid phase, and P wsat is the
saturation (vapor) pressure of pure water at the dew point temperature T.
Assuming the liquid phase is pure water, i.e., there is negligible gas solubility,
x w = 1 and we get
P wsat  T 
y w = ----------------P
A–2
.
(5)
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Water Correlation
Expressions of this type do not take into account the composition of the gas
mixture. Although Eq. (5) is of limited utility because of the simplifying
assumptions on which it is based, such as perfect gas behavior, reasonable
estimates of water content can be obtained for pressures up to 0.4MPa, above
which real gas effects become significant.
Arden Buck Equations
The Arden Buck equations are a group of empirical correlations that relate the
saturation vapor pressure to temperature for moist air at close to atmospheric
pressure. The curve fits have been optimized for more accuracy than the
Goff–Gratch equation in the range −80 to 50°C. [11]
Arden Buck equations are not typically used for natural gas
applications; however, results are comparable at near
atmospheric pressures.
A set of several equations were developed, each of which is applicable in a
different situation.
Enhancements to the method were published in 1996.[12]
A humidity conversion software (HCONL), developed by Buck Research
Instruments LLC, is commonly used as a simple tool that easily converts any
humidity parameter to any other humidity units.
ASTM1
ASTM 1142-95 (2006) includes two correlations, the first of which (referred to
here as ASTM1) is a variation of Eq. (5) that expresses the water content in
terms of the weight of saturated water vapor, or [8]
6 Pb T
WC =  w  10  ------ ----P Tb
,
(6)
where WC is the water content (lb/MMscf) at reference conditions Tb (R) and Pb
(psia), w is the weight of saturated water vapor (lb/ft3), P is the pressure at
which the dew point was determined (psia), and T is the observed dew point
temperature (R). The reciprocal of w, or the specific volume of saturated water
vapor (ft3/lb), is listed as a function of temperature in Table 1 of ASTM 114295 (2006) for temperatures ranging from 0°F to 100°F. Though not explicit in
temperature due to the temperature dependence of w, given the water content,
the corresponding dew point temperature can be solved for iteratively.
ASTM2
Bukacek proposed a relatively simple modified Raoult’s law approach where the
water content of sweet gas is calculated using the ideal expression of Eq. (5)
supplemented by a deviation factor [9],
Operator’s Manual
A–3
FS 5.15 Firmware
P wsat
WC =  760.4  --------- + 0.016016B
P
,
(7)
where WC is the water content (g/Nm3), P wsat is the saturation vapor pressure
of pure water (MPa), P is the total pressure of the system (MPa), and B is given
by,
– 1713.66
log B = ---------------------- + 6.69449
T
,
(8)
where T is the dew point temperature (K). The saturation vapor pressure can
be calculated using [13]
Tc
P wsat
ln  --------- = -----  – 7.85823 + 1.83991 1.5 – 11.7811 3
 Pc 
T
,
(9)
+ 22.6705  3.5 – 1539393 4 + 1.77516 7.5 
where T is the temperature (K), Tc is the critical temperature of water
(647.14K), Pc is the critical pressure of water (22.064MPa), and  = 1 – T  T c .
A simplified version of Eq. (7)
A
WC = --- + B
P
,
(10)
(referred to here as ASTM2) is included in ASTM 1142-95 (2006) with
coefficients A and B (referenced to T b = 520 R and P b = 14.7 psia) listed as a
function of temperature in Table 2 for dew point temperatures ranging from
–40°F to 440°F. Though not explicit in temperature due to the temperature
dependence of A and B, given the water content, the corresponding dew point
temperature can be solved for iteratively.
Although conveniently simplistic, neither ASTM method takes into account the
actual gas composition. In addition, the range of data made available for the
specific volume of saturated water vapor (ASTM1) or for the coefficients A and
B (ASTM2) is somewhat limited.
ISO
Perhaps the most rigorous method to date is that of ISO 18453:2006. Based
on an extensive study conducted by Groupe Europeen de Recherches Gazieres
(GERG) [14], the ISO method uses an equation of state (EOS) approach to
calculate water content from water dew point temperature. The semi-empirical
Peng-Robinson (P-R) cubic EOS with repulsive and attractive terms has been
found to adequately reproduce the behavior of fluids in the gas and liquid phase
with the same equation. The P-R EOS for a pure component explicit in P is given
by [15]
RT
aT
P  T ,V  = ------------ – ---------------------------------V – b V 2 + 2bV – b 2
A–4
.
(11)
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Water Correlation
The coefficients are defined as
RT c
b = 0.07780 --------Pc
(12)
and
2
2
0.45724R T c
a  T  = ----------------------------------   T r 
Pc
,
(13)
where T r = T  T c is the reduced temperature and   T r  is a non-dimensional
function of the reduced temperature
12
  Tr  =  1 +   1 – Tr

2
,
(14)
2
where  = 0.37464 + 1.54226 – 0.26992 is a substance-specific constant
generalized using the acentric factor  . Values for the critical pressure, critical
temperature and acentric factor are listed in Table A–2.
Table A–2 Gas composition [14]
i
Pc
(MPa)
Tc
(K)

Water (H2O)
1
22.064
647.14
0.34437
Methane (CH4)
2
4.599
190.55
0.01140
Ethane (C2H6)
3
4.872
305.33
0.09909
Nitrogen (N2)
4
3.399
126.26
0.03593
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
5
7.386
304.21
0.22394
Propane (C3H8)
6
4.246
369.85
0.15611
i-Butane (C4H10)
7
3.640
407.85
0.18465
n-Butane (C4H10)
8
3.784
425.14
0.19777
neo-Pentane (C5H12)
9
3.196
433.75
0.19528
i-Pentane (C5H12)
10
3.370
460.39
0.22606
n-Pentane (C5H12)
11
3.364
469.69
0.24983
Hexane/C6+ (C6H14)
12
3.020
507.85
0.29600
Component
Operator’s Manual
A–5
FS 5.15 Firmware
For water specifically, the  -function takes a different form in order to
accurately reproduce the water vapor pressure over ice as well as liquid [14]
12
  Tr  =  1 + A1  1 – Tr
12 4 2
12 2
 + A2  1 – Tr
 + A3  1 – Tr
 
,
(15)
where the coefficients, listed in Table A-3, take on different values depending
on whether the temperature is above or below freezing.
Table A-3
Coefficients for Eq. (15) [14]
Coefficient
223.15 T273.16K
273.16T313.15K
A1
0.106025
0.905436
A2
2.683845
-0.213781
A3
-4.75638
0.26005
Application of an equation of state to a mixture requires substituting mixture
parameters for those of the pure component. The mixture parameters are
related to pure component parameters by means of the mixing rules [16]
nc
nc
  xi xj aij  T 
am  T  =
(16)
i = 1j = 1
and
nc
bm =
 xi bi
,
(17)
i=1
where nc is the number of components in the mixture. The mole fraction of
each component, x i , serves as a weight factor and the cross coefficients a ij  T 
of the a -term
a ij  T  =
a i  T a j  T   1 – k ij  T  
(18)
are corrected with a temperature-dependent binary interaction parameter [14]
T
k ij  T  = k ij 0 + k ij 1  ---------------- – 1
 273.15 
,
(19)
where the coefficients k ij 0 and k ij 1 , listed in Table A–4, are typically
determined by fitting vapor-liquid equilibrium data of binary mixtures with
k ij = k ji and k ii = k jj = 0 .
A–6
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Water Correlation
Table A–4 Binary interaction parameters [14]
i
Component
i
j
Component
j
k ij 0
k ij 1
1
Water
2
Methane
0.6510
-1.3850
1
Water
3
Ethane
0.6350
-0.9300
1
Water
4
Nitrogen
0.4800
0
1
Water
5
Carbon Dioxide
0.1840
0.2360
1
Water
6
Propane
0.5300
0
1
Water
7
i-Butane
0.6900
0
1
Water
8
n-Butane
0.5000
0
1
Water
9
neo-Pentane
0.5000
0
1
Water
10
i-Pentane
0.6900
0
1
Water
11
n-Pentane
0.5000
0
1
Water
12
Hexane/C6+
0.5000
0
2
Methane
3
Ethane
-0.0026
0
2
Methane
4
Nitrogen
0.0311
0
2
Methane
5
Carbon Dioxide
0.0919
0
2
Methane
6
Propane
0.0140
0
2
Methane
7
i-Butane
0.0133
0
2
Methane
8
n-Butane
0.0230
0
2
Methane
9
neo-Pentane
0.0422
0
2
Methane
10
i-Pentane
0.0256
0
2
Methane
11
n-Pentane
0.0180
0
2
Methane
12
Hexane/C6+
-0.0056
0
3
Ethane
4
Nitrogen
0.0515
0
3
Ethane
5
Carbon Dioxide
0.1322
0
3
Ethane
6
Propane
0.0011
0
3
Ethane
7
i-Butane
-0.0067
0
3
Ethane
8
n-Butane
0.0096
0
3
Ethane
9
neo-Pentane
0.0230
0
3
Ethane
10
i-Pentane
0.0160
0
3
Ethane
11
n-Pentane
0.0078
0
3
Ethane
12
Hexane/C6+
-0.0100
0
Operator’s Manual
A–7
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table A-4 Binary interaction parameters [14] (Continued)
A–8
i
Component
i
j
Component
j
k ij 0
k ij 1
4
Nitrogen
5
Carbon Dioxide
-0.0170
0
4
Nitrogen
6
Propane
0.0852
0
4
Nitrogen
7
i-Butane
0.1033
0
4
Nitrogen
8
n-Butane
0.0800
0
4
Nitrogen
9
neo-Pentane
0.0930
0
4
Nitrogen
10
i-Pentane
0.0922
0
4
Nitrogen
11
n-Pentane
0.1000
0
4
Nitrogen
12
Hexane/C6+
0.1496
0
5
Carbon Dioxide
6
Propane
0.1241
0
5
Carbon Dioxide
7
i-Butane
0.1200
0
5
Carbon Dioxide
8
n-Butane
0.1333
0
5
Carbon Dioxide
9
neo-Pentane
0.1260
0
5
Carbon Dioxide
10
i-Pentane
0.1219
0
5
Carbon Dioxide
11
n-Pentane
0.1222
0
5
Carbon Dioxide
12
Hexane/C6+
0.1100
0
6
Propane
7
i-Butane
-0.0078
0
6
Propane
8
n-Butane
0.0033
0
6
Propane
9
neo-Pentane
0
0
6
Propane
10
i-Pentane
0.0111
0
6
Propane
11
n-Pentane
0.0267
0
6
Propane
12
Hexane/C6+
0.0007
0
7
i-Butane
8
n-Butane
-0.0004
0
7
i-Butane
9
neo-Pentane
0
0
7
i-Butane
10
i-Pentane
0
0
7
i-Butane
11
n-Pentane
0
0
7
i-Butane
12
Hexane/C6+
0
0
8
n-Butane
9
neo-Pentane
0
0
8
n-Butane
10
i-Pentane
0
0
8
n-Butane
11
n-Pentane
0.0174
0
8
n-Butane
12
Hexane/C6+
-0.0056
0
9
neo-Pentane
10
i-Pentane
0
0
9
neo-Pentane
11
n-Pentane
0
0
9
neo-Pentane
12
Hexane/C6+
0
0
10
i-Pentane
11
n-Pentane
0.0600
0
10
i-Pentane
12
Hexane/C6+
0
0
11
n-Pentane
12
Hexane/C6+
0
0
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Water Correlation
An equilibrium condition for each component can be derived in terms of the
fugacity coefficient [17]
l
v
i xi = i yi
,
(20)
l
where  i is the fugacity coefficient of component i in the liquid phase, x i is the
v
mole fraction of component i in the liquid phase,  i is the fugacity coefficient
of component i in the gaseous phase, and y i is the mole fraction of component
i in the gaseous phase. For the PR-EOS, the fugacity coefficient is defined as
[17]
bi
ln i = ------  Z – 1  – ln  Z – B * 
bm
 Z + B* 1 + 2 
A*  b 2 ai  T 
– -----------------  -----i- – --------------------  x j a i  T   1 – k ij  ln ------------------------------------am  T 
2 2B *  b m
Z + B* 1 – 2 

j
,
(21)
2
where Z is the compressibility factor for the mixture, A * = a m  T P   RT  and
B * = b m P   RT  .
The compressibility factor is calculated from an equivalent form of Eq. (10)
implicit in the compressibility factor [17]
3
2
2
2
3
Z –  1 – B * Z +  A * – 2B * – 3B * Z – A * B * + B * + B * = 0
.
(22)
Given the mole fractions of the components of the gaseous mixture, y i , the
dew point temperature is solved for iteratively by means of successive
substitution using the following procedure:
1. Guess T.
l
v
2. Estimate the initial equilibrium ratios K i =  i   i using the Wilson
–1
approximation K i =  P c  P exp  5.373  1 +  i   1 – T r i   [18].
i
3. Estimate the initial liquid mole fractions x i = y i  K i .
v
4. Calculate Z using Eq. (22) and  i using Eq. (20) with the vapor mole
fractions, y i .
l
5. Calculate Z using Eq. (22) and  i using Eq. (20) with the liquid mole
fractions, x i .
v
l
6. Recalculate the liquid mole fractions x i' = x i   i   i  .
7. Repeat steps 5 & 6 until x i' – x i  0 .
8. Adjust T and repeat steps 2-7 until
 xi'  1 .
i
Method Comparisons for Natural Gas
Measured dew point temperatures versus water content from the GERG report
[14] for two pressures, 5bar and 100bar, are shown in Figure A–1, Figure A–2,
Figure A–3 and Figure A–4 along with calculated results using the ASTM1,
Operator’s Manual
A–9
FS 5.15 Firmware
ASTM2 and ISO methods described above. The gas mixtures NG1, NG3, NG4
and NG7 are specified in Table A–5.
10
4
Water Content [mg/Nm3]
Natural Gas NG1
10
3
P=5 bar
P=100 bar
10
2
ASTM1
ASTM2
ISO
GERG Meas.
10
1
250
300
350
Temperature [K]
Figure A–1 Comparison of calculation results for
ASTM1 [8], ASTM2 [9] and ISO [10] methods with
experimental data from the GERG report [14] for
mixture NG1
10 4
Water Content [mg/Nm3]
Natural Gas NG3
10 3
P=5 bar
P=100 bar
10 2
ASTM1
ASTM2
ISO
GERG Meas.
10
1
250
300
350
Temperature [K]
Figure A–2 Comparison of calculation results for
ASTM1 [8], ASTM2 [9] and ISO [10] methods with
experimental data from the GERG report [14] for
mixture NG3
A–10
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Water Correlation
10
4
Water Content [mg/Nm3]
Natural Gas NG4
10 3
P=5 bar
P=100 bar
10 2
ASTM1
ASTM2
ISO
GERG Meas.
10
1
250
300
350
Temperature [K]
Figure A–3 Comparison of calculation results for
ASTM1 [8], ASTM2 [9] and ISO [10] methods with
experimental data from the GERG report [14] for
mixture NG4
10
4
Water Content [mg/Nm3]
Natural Gas NG7
10 3
10
2
ASTM1
ASTM2
ISO
GERG Meas.
10
1
250
300
350
Temperature [K]
Figure A–4 Comparison of calculation results for
ASTM1 [8], ASTM2 [9] and ISO [10] methods with
experimental data from the GERG report [14] for
mixture NG7
Operator’s Manual
A–11
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table A–5 Experimental gas compositions [14]
Component
NG1
NG3
NG4
NG7
Methane (CH4)
0.98210
0.88204
0.86483
0.70148
Ethane (C2H6)
0.00564
0.08360
0.06203
0.02520
Nitrogen (N2)
0.00840
0.00912
0.04871
0.01499
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
0.00109
0.00000
0.00167
0.25126
Propane (C3H8)
0.00189
0.01763
0.01552
0.00394
i-Butane (C4H10)
0.00029
0.00293
0.00214
0.00067
n-Butane (C4H10)
0.00038
0.00441
0.00315
0.00074
neo-Pentane (C5H12)
0.00001
0.00003
0.00002
0.00003
i-Pentane (C5H12)
0.00007
0.00020
0.00061
0.00029
n-Pentane (C5H12)
0.00006
0.00004
0.00067
0.00022
Hexane/C6+ (C6H14)
0.00007
0.00000
0.00064
0.00118
The ASTM1 method agrees well with the experimental data at low pressure
(5 bar) but deviates significantly at higher pressure (100 bar), especially at
higher temperatures where the calculated dew points are always too high.
Given that the ASTM1 method is based on ideal gas assumptions, it is expected
that real gas behavior typical of the higher pressures would not be sufficiently
reproduced.
Being of similar origin as the ASTM1 method, the ASTM2 method exhibits
similar behavior, albeit with even less agreement, especially at lower
temperatures where the calculated dew points are always too low (with the
exception of the CO2-rich NG7 mixture at high pressure). Thus, if water content
calculated by the ASTM2 method is used to control a drying process, water
condensation may occur due to prematurely reaching the prescribed dew point.
Discrepancies between the two ASTM methods is most likely due to the fact
that data for a simple binary methane-water system was used in the
development of the ASTM2 method [9].
The experimental water content data for the mixtures NG1, NG3, NG4 and NG7
at 60 bar are summarized in Figure A–5. Relative deviations between the
courses tend to increase with decreasing dew point temperature. These
deviations (~5K between NG4 and NG7 at 34mg/Nm3) illustrate the
importance of accounting for the gas composition, especially when performing
calculations with low water content at moderate to high pressure. Of the three
methods discussed, only the ISO method takes into account the actual gas
composition.
A–12
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Water Correlation
10
3
Water Content [mg/Nm3]
P=60 bar
10 2
NG1
NG3
NG4
NG7
10
1
250
260
270
280
290
300
Temperature [K]
Figure A–5 Courses of measured water contents at
60 bar for natural gas mixtures NG1, NG3, NG4 and
NG7
The ISO method is applicable to natural gas mixtures with compositions within
the limits listed in Table A–6. Dew point temperatures calculated from water
contents were validated to be generally within ±2K for pressures
0.5≤P≤10MPa and dew point temperatures 258.15≤T≤278.15K [14]. Due to
the solid thermodynamic basis on which the method was developed, an
extended working range of 0.1≤P≤30MPa and 223.15≤T≤313.15K is also
considered valid [10]. Beyond the extended working range, however, the
uncertainty in calculated dew point temperature is unknown.
In summary, for moderate to high water contents at low pressures, all three
correlations produce acceptable results. Although somewhat more difficult to
implement, the ISO method is arguably the more accurate of the methods
(especially for low water contents and high pressures) and provides a great
deal more range and flexibility.
The Arden Buck Method Comparison
The Arden Buck method was developed for air at near-atmospheric pressure
and can be used for air and nitrogen backgrounds. The Arden Buck method can
be used as an approximation of dew point in natural gas streams with very high
levels of methane and inert gases, but as heavier hydrocarbons and CO2
concentrations increase, the Arden Buck method is unable to compensate for
the interaction of the various molecules. Errors as high as 10C will be reported
in typical natural gas streams at typical pipeline pressures. Therefore, the use
of the Arden Buck method should generally be avoided for natural gas streams.
Operator’s Manual
A–13
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table A–6 Range of composition applicable to ISO method [10]
Compound
mol %
Methane (CH4)
≥40.0
Ethane (C2H6)
≤20.0
Nitrogen (N2)
≤55.0
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
≤30.0
Propane (C3H8)
≤4.5
i-Butane (C4H10)
≤1.5
n-Butane (C4H10)
≤1.5
neo-Pentane (C5H12)
≤1.5
i-Pentane (C5H12)
≤1.5
n-Pentane (C5H12)
≤1.5
Hexane/C6+ (C6H14)
≤1.5
References
[1]
McNaught, A. D. and Wilkinson, A., eds., Compendium of Chemical
Terminology: IUPAC Recommendations (2nd Edition), Blackwell
Science, Malden, MA, 1997.
[2]
ISO 13443: Natural Gas – Standard Reference Conditions, International
Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996.
[3]
Wagman, D. D., Evans, W. H., Parker, V. B., Schumm, R. H., Halow, I., S
Bailey, S. M., Churney, K. L. and Nuttall, R. L., “The NBS Tables of
Chemical Thermodynamic Properties,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11,
Suppl. 2, 1982.
[4]
The SI Metric System of Units and SPE Metric Standard, Society of
Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Richardson, TX, 1984.
[5]
Ibrahim, O. ed., Annual Statistical Bulletin, Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries, Vienna, Austria, 2008.
[6]
“Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases,” 29 CFR-Labor,
Chapter XVII, Part 1910, Sect. 1910.110 and 1910.111, 1993.
[7]
Prausnitz, J. M., Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria,
Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1969.
[8]
ASTM D 1142-95: Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Content of
Gaseous Fuels by Measurement of Dew Point Temperature, ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2006.
A–14
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Water Correlation
[9]
Bukacek, R. F., “Equilibrium Moisture Content of Natural Gases,”
Research Bulletin 8, Institute of Gas Technology, 1955.
[10]
ISO 18453: Natural Gas-Correlation between Water Content and Water
Dew Point, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva,
Switzerland, 2006.
[11]
Buck, A. L. (1981), “New equations for computing vapor pressure and
enhancement factor”, J. Appl. Meteorol. 20: 1527–1532
[12]
Buck Research Instruments, LLC, “Model CR-1A Hygrometer with Autofill
Operating Manual”, Appendix 1: Humidity Conversion Equations, May
2012.
[13]
Saul, A. and Wagner, W., “International Equations for the Saturation
Properties of Ordinary Water Substance,” J Phys Chem Ref Data,
16:893-901, 1987.
[14]
Oellrich, L. R. and Althaus, K., “Relationship between Water Content and
Water Dew Point keeping in consideration the Gas Composition in the
Field of Natural Gas,” GERG Technical Monograph TM14, Verein
Deutscher Ingenieure, Duesseldorf, 2000.
[15]
Peng, D. Y. and Robinson, D. B., “A New Two-Constant Equation of State,”
Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 15(1):59-64, 1976.
[16]
Copeman, T. W. and Mathias, P. M., “Recent Mixing Rules for Equations
of State,” in Chao, K. C. ed., Equation of State: Theories and
Applications, ACS Symposium Series 300:352-370, 1986.
[17]
Reid, R. C., Prausnitz, J. M. and Poling, B. E., The Properties of Liquids
and Gases (4th Edition), McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New
York, 1987.
[18]
Wilson, G., “A Modified Redlich-Kwong Equation of State Applicable to
General Physical Data Calculations,” Paper No. 15C, 65th AIChE National
meeting, May, 1968.
[19]
Avila, S., Blanco, S. T., Valesco, I., Rauzy, E. and Otin, S.,
“Thermodynamic Properties of Synthetic Natural Gases Part 4. Dew Point
Curves of Synthetic Natural Gases and their Mixtures with Water:
Measurement and Correlation,” Fluid Phase Equilibria 202:399-412,
2002.
Operator’s Manual
A–15
FS 5.15 Firmware
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
A–16
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Appendix B: Troubleshooting
This section presents recommendations and solutions such as excessive
sampling gas temperatures and pressures, and reset procedures. If your
analyzer does not appear to be hampered by one of these related problems,
refer to Table B–1 at the end of this chapter before contacting SpectraSensors
for service.
Excessive Sampling Gas Temperatures and
Pressures
The embedded software is designed to produce accurate measurements only
within the allowable cell operating range (refer to the calibration report or
system drawings).
The cell temperature operating range for analyzers that are
equipped with heated enclosures is equal to the enclosure
temperature setpoint ±5 °C.
Pressures and temperatures outside this range will trigger a Pressure Low
Alarm, Pressure High Alarm, Temp Low Alarm, or Temp High Alarm
fault.
If the pressure, temperature, or any other readings on the LCD
appear suspect, they should be checked against the specifications
(refer to the calibration report or system drawings).
Peak Tracking Reset Procedure
The analyzer’s software is equipped with a peak tracking function that keeps
the laser scan centered on the absorption peak. Under some circumstances,
the peak tracking function can get lost and lock onto the wrong peak. If the
PeakTk Restart Alarm is displayed, the peak tracking function should be
reset.
To reset the Peak Tracking function:
1. Press the # key followed by the 2 key.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Enter password:
FS 5.15-XXXX
Operator’s Manual
B–1
FS 5.15 Firmware
The LCD prompts for a numeric password. Enter the user password
(3142) on the keypad, then press the * key to enter the number to
enter Mode 2.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Process Purge Time
60
Enter a value (secs)
2. Starting with the first parameter that displays, press the * key to
cycle through the screens until the Peak Tracking parameter
displays.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
Peak Tracking
1
0:Off 1:On 2:Rst
3. Press 2 (RST or Reset) followed by the * key. The peak tracking
function will return the current analyzer midpoint to the factory
default midpoint, and then automatically revert the parameter value
to its setting before the reset was initiated. In most cases, the peak
tracking should be set to 1 for on.
4. Press the * key to cycle through the screens until the General
Alarm DO parameter displays.
<SET PARAMETER MODE>
General Alarm DO
2
0:L 1:NonL 2:Reset
5. Press 2 (RESET) followed by the * key. The General Fault relay and
any active alarms will be reset to the ‘Normal’ state. After the relay
resets, this parameter will automatically revert to the setting before
the reset was initiated.
6. Press the mode key # followed by 1 to return to Mode 1 (Normal
Mode).
Instrument Problems
If the instrument does not appear to be hampered by issues described in this
chapter, refer to Table B–1 before contacting your sales representative for
service.
B–2
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Troubleshooting
Table B–1 Potential instrument problems and their solutions
Symptom
Response
Non-Operation (at start up)
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Non-Operation (after start up)
Contact a factory sales representative
for service information.
Laser Power Low Alrm
Press # 6 to capture diagnostic data
and send the file to SpectraSensors.
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Pressure Low Alarm or Pressure High
Alarm fault
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Temp Low Alarm or Temp High Alarm
fault
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Front panel display is not lit and no characters appear
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Strange characters appear on front panel
display
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Pressing keys on front panel do not have
specified effect
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
System stuck in Fit Delta Exceeds Limit
restart for greater than 30 minutes
Contact a factory sales representative
for service information.
Not getting enough flow to the sample cell
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
No reading on device connected to current loop
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Current loop is stuck at 4 mA or 20 mA
Check display for error message. If
alarm has been triggered, reset the
alarm.
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Reading seems to always be high by a
fixed amount
Capture diagnostic data and send the
file to SpectraSensors (see “To read
diagnostic data with HyperTerminal” on page 3-5).
Reading seems to always be high by a
fixed percentage
Capture diagnostic data and send the
file to SpectraSensors (see “To read
diagnostic data with HyperTerminal” on page 3-5).
Check that Peak Tracking is enabled
(see “To change parameters in
Mode 2” on page 2-15).
Operator’s Manual
B–3
FS 5.15 Firmware
Table B-1 Potential instrument problems and their solutions (Continued)
Symptom
Response
Reading displays 0.0 or seems relatively
low
Capture diagnostic data and send the
file to SpectraSensors (see “To read
diagnostic data with HyperTerminal” on page 3-5).
Reading is erratic or seems incorrect
Refer to the Hardware Manual to check
for contamination in the sample system.
Capture diagnostic data and send the
file to SpectraSensors (see “To read
diagnostic data with HyperTerminal” on page 3-5).
Reading goes to “0”
If 4-20 mA Alarm Action is set to 1,
look on display for an error message
(see “To change parameters in
Mode 2” on page 2-15).
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Reading goes to full scale
If 4-20 mA Alarm Action is set to 2,
look on display for an error message
(see “To change parameters in
Mode 2” on page 2-15).
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Serial output is displaying garbled data
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Serial output is providing no data
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
LCD does not update. Unit is locked up for
more than 5 minutes.
Refer to the Hardware Manual.
Service Contact
If the troubleshooting solutions do not resolve the problem, contact customer
service. To return the unit for service or replacement, refer to "Return
Material Authorization".
Customer Service
4333 W Sam Houston Pkwy N, Suite 100
Houston, TX 77043-1223
For SpectraSensors North America Service:
Phone: (800) 619-2861, and press 2 for Service
Fax: (713) 856-6623
E-mail: [email protected]
B–4
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Troubleshooting
For SpectraSensors International Service, please contact the
SpectraSensors distributor in your area, or contact:
Phone: (713) 466-3172, and press 2 for Service
Fax: (713) 856-6623
E-mail: [email protected]
Return Material Authorization
If it is necessary to return the analyzer, obtain a Return Materials
Authorization (RMA) Number from Customer Service before shipping to the
factory. Your service representative can determine whether the analyzer can be
serviced on site or should be returned to the factory. All returns should be
shipped to:
11027 Arrow Rte.
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730-4866
(909) 948-4100
Disclaimers
SpectraSensors accepts no responsibility for consequential damages arising
from the use of this equipment. Liability is limited to replacement and/or repair
of defective components.
This manual contains information protected by copyright. No part of this guide
may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent
from SpectraSensors.
Warranty
The manufacturer warrants the items delivered shall be free from defects
(latent and patent) in material and workmanship for a period of one year after
delivery to the Buyer. The Buyer’s sole and exclusive remedy under this
warranty shall be limited to repair or replacement. Defective goods must be
returned to the manufacturer and/or its distributor for valid warranty claims.
This warranty shall become inapplicable in instances where the items have
been misused or otherwise subjected to negligence by the Buyer.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this contract, no other warranties,
whether statutory or arising by operation of law, expressed or implied,
including but not limited to those of merchantability or fitness for particular
purpose, shall apply to the goods or services hereunder, other than the repair
and replacement warranty above. Seller shall in no event be liable to Buyer or
any third party for any damage, injury or loss, including loss of use or any
direct or indirect incidental or consequential damages of any kind.
Operator’s Manual
B–5
FS 5.15 Firmware
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
B–6
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
INDEX
4-20 mA current loop 2–40
A
Acentric factor A–5
Alarms 2–42
General Fault Alarm 2–2, 2–43,
2–44
System Faults 2–43
User Alarms 2–45
Concentra High Alarm 2–23, 2–45
Concentra Low Alarm 2–45
Validation 1 Failed/Validation 2
Failed Alarm 2–44
Validation Fail Alarm 2–48
B
Background gas 2–32, 2–33, 2–38, 2–48
C
Calibrating the analyzer 2–49
Cautions 1–1
COM properties 3–1, 3–3
Concentration 2–3, 2–7, 2–24
Contamination 2–49
Critical pressure A–4
Critical temperature A–4
Current loop 2–23
Calibrating 2–40
Current loop receiver 2–41
Customer Port Output 3–1
D
Data
Diagnostic 2–6, 2–7, 3–7
Data string 3–4
Dew point temperature A–2
E
Energizing the circuit 2–1
Ethernet port
IP Address 4–1
Serial Data Port 4–1
Setup Mode 4–1
Operator’s Manual
Telnet Port 4–1
Ethernet port (Built-in) 4–1
Excessive sampling gas pressure B–1
Excessive sampling gas temperature B–1
F
Faults
DeltaDC Restart Alrm 2–43
DeltaT Restart Alarm 2–43
Fit Restart Alarm 2–43
Flow Switch Alarm 2–43
Laser Curnt High Alrm 2–43
Laser Curnt Low Alrm 2–43
Laser Power High 2–43
Laser Power Low 2–43
Laser Power Low Alrm B–3
Laser Zero High Alarm 2–43
Laser Zero Low Alarm 2–43
Low Purge Rate Alrm 2–43
New Scrubber Alarm 2–44
PeakTk Restart Alarm 2–44, B–1
Pressure High Alarm 2–44, B–1,
B–3
Pressure Low Alarm B–1, B–3
Pressure too Low 2–44
R2 Restart Alarm 2–44
R3 Restart Alarm 2–44
Temp High Alarm 2–44, B–1, B–3
Temp Low Alarm 2–44, B–1, B–3
Temperature too High 2–2, 2–44
Temperature too Low 2–2, 2–44
Faults/Alarms
Assignable Alarm 2–21, 2–47, 3–22
Concentra High Alarm 2–21, 2–22,
2–46, 2–47
Concentra Low Alarm 2–22, 2–47
DeltaDC Restart Alrm 2–22
DeltaT Restart Alarm 2–22, 2–46
Dry Pressure Alarm 2–22, 2–46
Fitting Restart Alrm 2–22, 2–46
Flow Switch Alarm 2–22
Flow Switch Alarm 1 2–46
General Fault Alarm 2–22, 2–25
Historical Alarm Flag Codes 2–45
Laser Curnt Low Alrm 2–21, 2–46
Laser Power Low Alrm 2–21, 2–45
Laser Powr High Alrm 2–21, 2–46
Laser Zero High Alrm 2–21, 2–46
Laser Zero Low Alrm 2–21, 2–46
Index–1
FS 5.15 Firmware
Lasr Curnt High Alrm 2–21, 2–46
Low Purge Rate Alarm 2–22
Low Purge Rate Alrm 2–46
Need New Scrubber! 2–21
New Scrubber Alarm 2–22, 2–46
PeakTk Restart Alarm 2–22, 2–46
Pressure High Alarm 2–22, 2–46
Pressure Low Alarm 2–22, 2–45,
2–46
Pressure Restart Alarm 2–22, 2–46
R2 Reset Alarm 2–46
R2 Restart Alarm 2–22
R3 Restart Alarm 2–22, 2–46
RampAdj Restart Alarm 2–22,
2–46
Temp High Alarm 2–22, 2–45, 2–46
Temp Low Alarm 2–22, 2–45, 2–46
Val 1 Fail Alarm 2–22
Val 2 Fail Alarm 2–22
Validation Fail Alarm 2–33, 3–29
Validation Fail Alarm 1 2–46
Validation Fail Alarm 2 2–46
G
Gas solubility A–2
Gas standard 2–47
HyperTerminal 3–1
I
Ideal gas A–2
Initialization period 2–2
Installation B–1
Intermediate calculation 2–7
K
Keypad 2–3
L
LCD display 2–2
Liquid phase A–2
M
Mass fraction A–1
Measurement parameters 2–2
Measurement units 2–3
Microsoft Excel 3–8
Modbus communications 3–12
Index–2
Framing/protocol 3–12
Modes
Mode ^ (Normal Mode) 3–6
Mode 1 (Normal Mode) 2–5, 3–6,
3–15, B–2
Mode 2 (Set Parameter Mode) 2–5,
2–7, 2–47, 3–1, 3–5, 3–14, B–2
Mode 2, Change Parameters (Set
Parameter Mode) 2–15
Mode 3 (Scrubber Life Data) 2–7
Mode 3 Not Used 2–5
Mode 4 (Set Parameter Mode) 2–6
Mode 4 (System Diagnostic
Parameters) 2–6
Mode 5 (Analog Output Test Mode)
2–7
Mode 5 (Set Parameter Mode) 2–7
Mode 6 (Diagnostic Data Download)
2–7, 2–33, 3–5, 3–6, 3–8, 3–29,
B–3
Mode 6 (Set Parameter Mode) 2–7
Mode 7 (Measure Port1 Mode) 2–7,
2–47
Mode 8 (Measure Port2 Mode) 2–47
Mode 8 (Not Used) 2–8
Mode 9 (Recall Validation Results)
2–8
Mode TEST (Analog Input Test Mode)
2–10
Modes and functions 2–4
Molecular weight A–1
N
National Institute of Standards and
Technology 2–49
Normal cubic meter A–1
Normal reference conditions A–1
P
Parameters
Diagnostic
Alarm Flags 3–5
Concentration (ppmv) 3–4
Current Midpoint 3–4
Dry DC 3–4
Dry Pressure 3–4
Dry Temp 3–4
DryDC 2–6
DryPressure 2–6
DryTemp 2–6
Fit 2–6
Fit Ratio 3–4
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14
Index
Fit Ratio 2 3–4
Fit Ratio 3 3–5
Fit Ratio 4 3–5
Fit Ratio 5 3–5
Fit Ratio Dry 3–5
Fit Ratio Dry-1 3–5
Fit Residue 3–4
Index Difference 3–4
Mid 2–6
Peak Index 3–4
Process Path Fig 3–4
Ref Index 3–4
Val Fig 3–4
Wet DC 3–4
Wet Temp (C) 3–4
WetDC 2–6
WetPressure 2–6
WetPressure (mb) 3–4
WetTemp 2–6
Input
Concentration Unit 2–19
Custom Precision 2–20
DO Alarm Setup 2–21, 2–47
New Scrub Installed 2–25
Operator Parameter01 to
Operator Parameter20
2–25
Operator Password 2–27
Update RATA 2–31
Val Attempts 2–33
Val Duration 2–33
Val Purge Period 2–35
Validation Allowance 2–33
Zero Val Tolerance 2–33, 2–36
Measurement and control 2–11
# Spectrum Average 3–5
2 Way Com Port 2–16, 3–15
4-20 mA Alarm Action B–4
4-20 mA Alarm Option 2–16
4-20 mA Test 2–7, 2–41
4-20 mA Val Action 2–16, 2–48
4-20mA Alarm Option 2–16,
2–17, 2–18, 2–43
AI 20 mA Value 2–17
AI 4 mA Value 2–17
AI Pressure Input 2–17
AO 20 mA Test 2–18
AO 20 mA Value 2–18
AO 4 mA Value 2–17
AO 4-20 mA Test 2–41
Baud Rate 2–18
Calculate Dew Point 2–17
Calculate DewPoint 2–19
Cancel Scrub Alarm 2–30
Cancel Val Alarms 2–19, 2–45
Daily Validation 2–20, 2–47
Operator’s Manual
General Alarm DO 2–22, 2–43,
B–2
High Alarm Setpoint 2–23
Keypad Watchdog 2–23
Logger Rate 2–23, 2–24
Low Alarm Setpoint 2–24
Modbus Address 2–24, 3–14,
3–15
Modbus Mode 2–24, 3–1, 3–12,
3–15
Peak Tracking 2–27, B–2
Pipeline Pressure 2–17, 2–28
Pressure Unit 2–28
Process Purge Time 2–28
Rapid Change Monitor 2–28
RATA 2–29
RATA Multiplier 2–29, 2–36
RATA Offset 2–29
Set Time - Day 2–30
Set Time - Hour 2–30
Set Time - Minute 2–30
Set Time - Month 2–30
Set Time - Year 2–31
Start Validation 2–31, 2–47,
2–48
Temperature Unit 2–31
Val 1 Concentration 2–32,
2–34, 3–29
Val 2 Concentration 2–32,
2–34, 3–29
Val Attempts 2–48
Val Auto DumpSpectrm 2–33
Val Interval 2–34, 2–47
Val Perm Constant Kp 2–34
Val Perm Constant Rp 2–35
Val Start Time 2–20, 2–36, 2–47
Validation Allowance 2–32,
2–34
Zero Val Tolerance 2–32
Password 2–15, 2–38, 3–14, B–2
PeakTk 2–44
Permeation Devices 5–4
Powering down the analyzer 2–3
Powering up the analyzer 2–1
R
Raoult’s law A–2, A–3
Recommendations and solutions to
common problems 2–45
Reference state A–1
Return materials authorization (RMA)
number B–5
Index–3
FS 5.15 Firmware
S
Sample cell pressure 2–3
Sample cell temperature 2–3
Saturated water vapor A–3
Saturation A–2
Saturation vapor pressure A–4
Saving data from the serial port 3–5
Scroll direction 2–15
Serial port 3–5
Service contact B–4
Spectra
2f 2–7, 3–11
DC 2–7
System Faults
Pressure Restart Alarm 2–44
T
Temperature 2–3
U
V
Validation 2–47, 2–49
Validation source 2–32
Vapor phase A–2
Volume fraction A–1
W
Warnings
DCdelta out of range 2–42
Delta P out of range 2–42
Delta T out of range 2–42
Dry P out of range 2–42
Fit Delta Exceeds Limit B–3
Fitting out of range 2–42
General 1–1
Peak Tracking 2–42
R2 out of range 2–42
R3 out of range 2–42
Unable to do validation 2–42
Water content A–1, A–3
Water dew point A–2
Units 2–31
Concentration 2–19
Pressure 2–28
Temperature 2–31
Index–4
4900002234 rev. A 11-12-14