User guide | Apollo Smoke Detector XP95 Product guide

DISCOVERY ENGINEERING PRODUCT GUIDE

Ionisation Smoke Detector

Optical Smoke Detector

Temperature Detector

Multisensor Detector

Manual Call Point

Discovery

®

is a range of high-specification, analogue addressable fire detectors developed and manufactured by

Apollo Fire Detectors Limited.

Designed to meet specifications for detectors incorporated in sophisticated systems, Discovery provides engineers with an additional dimension in fire protection capability.

In view of some of the advanced features of Discovery, we recommend that engineers familiarise themselves thoroughly with the range by reading this product guide carefully.

In addition to the familiar smoke (ionisation and optical) and heat detectors, the Discovery range features a multisensor detector. This incorporates an optical smoke sensor and a heat sensor which can operate independently or together, with the analogue value being derived by means of sophisticated algorithms. The multisensor detector matches the strengths of both ionisation and optical detectors, and can, in most installations be used instead of an ionisation detector.

Information in this guide is given in good faith, but

Apollo Fire Detectors cannot be held responsible for any omissions or errors. The company reserves the right to change specifications of products at any time and without prior notice.

Key features

• Rejection of transient signals

• Flashing LED option

• Five response modes for ease of optimisation to changing environments

• Drift compensation to ensure constant sensitivity

• Four bytes of non-volatile memory for user data

• Alarm flag for fast alarm reporting

• Conventional alarm facility during CIE processor fault

• 360° visibility in alarm

• Compatible with XP95 systems

The Discovery range

• Ionisation smoke detector

• Optical smoke detector

• Heat detector

• Multisensor detector

• CO detector

• Manual call point

DISCOVERY TABLE OF CONTENTS

Communications

Discovery Features – Smoke and Heat Detectors

Response setting

User bytes and other stored data

Conventional alarm facility

Flashing LED

Remote test feature

Rejection of transient signals

Discovery Features – Smoke Detectors

Drift compensation

Ionisation Smoke Detector

Operating principles

Technical data

Optical Smoke Detector


Technical data

Heat Detector


Technical data

Multisensor Detector


Technical data

Carbon Monoxide Detector


Technical data

Mounting Bases

Technical description



Non-standard call points

Technical data

Mechanical construction

Interchangeability

Isolators

Interfaces

Sounders

Maintenance of detectors

Control panel compatibility

Application of Discovery Detectors

Approvals

Patents

2

10

11

12

13

8

9

6

7

4

4

3

3

4

4

5

14

16

17

18

18

19

20

20

20

21

20

20

20

20

22

22

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1

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2

COMMUNICATIONS

Discovery uses a digital communications protocol which has been developed from the XP95 protocol but which differs in that it allows communication in three different modes: Normal, Read and Write.

The reason for developing the protocol is that the Discovery range requires a more extensive exchange of information than previous analogue addressable ranges. In addition, Discovery can store data in non-volatile memory.

The Normal mode is identical to the XP95 protocol with the exception that the five additional analogue value bits in the XP95 protocol extension have been re-defined for use as a mode selection indicator (four bits) and a drift warning flag. This enables the control and indicating equipment (CIE) to distinguish between Discovery and XP95 devices.

The Read mode is used to check information stored in the nonvolatile memory of each detector. It is accessed by using a simple extension to the Normal mode communication method from the control and indicating equipment (CIE) to the detector.

In Write mode the CIE is able to write information to the detector by extending the communication method in the same way as in Read mode.

The detector does not return its analogue value during Read or Write modes, but, in the event of the detector calculating an alarm value during this time, it can use the alarm flag and alarm address mechanism to alert the CIE to its status.

Discovery detectors are compatible with XP95. It should be noted, however, that Discovery features will not be available when

Discovery is used with XP95 control panels. Panels with drift compensation algorithms should disable the algorithms when communicating with Discovery.

For a full description of the

Discovery protocol, refer to

Apollo publication PP2027,

Discovery Protocol PIN Sheet.

DISCOVERY FEATURES –

SMOKE AND HEAT DETECTORS

Response setting

Each detector in the Discovery range can operate in one of five response modes, any of which can be selected from the control panel.

Each mode corresponds to a unique response behaviour, which can be broadly related to sensitivity to fire. Whatever the type of detector, Mode 1 will give a higher sensitivity to fire than Mode 5. The selection of the most suitable mode depends on the application.

Guidance on detector and mode selection is given on pages 21-23.

For ionisation and optical smoke detectors, the modes relate to different combinations of smoke response threshold and response time.

For the heat detector, the mode relates to the fixed temperature setting and the sensitivity to rate-of-rise of temperature. For the multisensor, the mode relates to the levels of smoke and heat sensitivity and to the way in which the responses of the two sensors are combined.

The response characteristics of the detectors have been carefully set so that detectors will comply with the requirements of the relevant part of EN54 in all response modes. The mathematical algorithms embedded in the detectors are used to carry out changes in characteristics between modes. Since the response characteristics are defined within the detectors, Apollo takes responsibility for compliance with standards in different response modes.

The internal signal processing of the detectors is designed so that the analogue value reported is always close to 25 for a normal condition. The alarm threshold is 55, irrespective of the response mode selected.

Similarly, the alarm flag in the protocol is always set when the analogue value exceeds

55, irrespective of mode. This simplifies the switching between response modes since the alarm threshold in the control panel can remain fixed at 55 and the alarm flag is valid in all modes.

The response mode, which is selected through the protocol, is stored in non-volatile memory and will therefore be retained when the detector is powered down. All Discovery detectors are factory set to mode 3 before shipping.

Response modes are defined more fully in the individual detector descriptions.

User bytes and other stored data

All Discovery devices contain non-volatile memory, in the form of Electrically Erasable

Programmable Read Only Memory

(EEPROM), which is included primarily to store data needed for the correct operation of the device. However, four bytes of this

EEPROM are available to the user and can be accessed by the control panel through the protocol. This block of non-volatile memory can be used, for example, to store the installation date, the site code or date of last service. The only restriction on use is that the maximum number of write cycles should not exceed 20,000 over the life of the device.

The way in which this memory can be accessed is described in the Discovery

Protocol PIN Sheet PP2027.

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3

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4

Conventional alarm facility

Discovery devices should be polled at regular intervals to maintain communication with the control panel and therefore enable correct monitoring of the protected premises.

However, if the polling mechanism fails, for example because of a processor failure in the panel, the internal operation of the Discovery device will be unaffected as long as a DC supply is maintained. After 108± 4 seconds without protocol, the device will automatically switch to its conventional alarm mode. In this mode it will operate as if it were a conventional detector (or manual call point) and will impose an alarm signal on the loop if an alarm condition is detected by the internal processing.

The alarm signal takes the form of periodic current pulses, which can be detected by simple hardware in the control panel. A full description of the signal can be found in the

Discovery Protocol PIN Sheet PP2027.

Flashing LED

All Discovery detectors have two integral LED indicators, which can be illuminated at any time by the control panel to indicate devices in alarm. When activated, the LEDs will draw an extra 3mA from the loop. In addition to this mode of operation it is possible to enable a flashing LED mode by writing to one of the memory locations. In this mode the LEDs will flash each time the device is polled. The device does not draw extra current in this mode since the LED current is part of the normal current pulse reply from the device.

This facility is available on all Discovery detectors and the manual call point.

Discovery detectors and call points are factory set to non-flashing mode.

an alarm condition. After a delay of approximately 10 seconds due to signal processing, an analogue value of between 54 and 120 – nominally 85 – is returned, provided that the detector is functioning correctly. This value is sustained until the forward command bit is changed back to its original state, after which a period of 40 seconds is required for the detector to return to its normal analogue value.

The manual call point is different in that the receipt of the command bit will cause the call point to generate the interrupt sequence, followed by a sustained value of 64. The call point resets when the forward command bit is changed back to its original state. For further details of this function, see Discovery Protocol

PIN Sheet, PP2027.

Rejection of transient signals

All Discovery detector algorithms are designed to give low sensitivity to very rapid changes in the sensor output, since these are unlikely to be caused by real fire conditions.

This is achieved by digital low-pass filtering of the sensor values which optimises the rejection of false alarm sources while maintaining the response to fire.

The filter parameters depend on the mode selected and for some modes the filtering is minimal. The filtering has no significant effect on the response to fires but does affect the way in which detectors respond to transients and to step changes of smoke or heat. This is seen in the “minimum time to alarm” given in individual detector specifications. These times represent the time taken by the detector to reach the alarm condition when responding to a large step change in input.

Remote test feature

This feature, available on all Discovery detectors and the call point, is enabled from the CIE by changing the state of a forward command bit. On receipt of the command the detector is forced by electrical means into

Servicing Note

The “minimum time to alarm” referred to above is important when detectors are tested in situ, for example using aerosol test gas. A delay in response may be apparent.

DISCOVERY FEATURES –

SMOKE DETECTORS

Drift compensation

All Discovery smoke detectors include compensation for sensor drift as part of the internal signal-processing algorithm. The algorithm will compensate for changes in sensor output caused, for example, by dust in the chamber, and will therefore hold the sensitivity at a constant level even with severe chamber contamination. This increased stability is achieved without significantly affecting the detector’s sensitivity to fire.

The compensation level is stored in the detector’s memory as a single value between

0 and 31. The normal level, that is, with no compensation applied, is 16. Values above or below this indicate drift towards alarm or away from alarm respectively.

For compensation values in the range 4 to 30 the detector is working within its allowable range. A value which is less than 4 or greater than 30 results in a warning flag. A value of zero results in a fault signal.

The maximum compensation that can be applied is 31. If further drift occurs, the analogue values will simply track the drift and the detector will become more sensitive.

Compensation values are stored in nonvolatile memory and will be retained even if detectors are disconnected. It is possible to use the control panel to ascertain the level of compensation applied at any time.

For the Discovery smoke detectors, the compensation algorithms are designed such that the detectors meet the requirements of the European draft standard EN54–7:2000 in all response modes.

It is possible, through the protocol, to carry out a normalisation procedure which rapidly

“updates” the drift compensation. This facility may be useful during commissioning when detectors can be quickly acclimatised to the prevailing ambient conditions, or after a compensated detector has been cleaned.

page

5

Fig.1

Drift Compensation Graph

DISCOVERY

IONISATION SMOKE DETECTOR

Mode Alarm threshold y value

Minimum time to alarm

(sec)

3

4

1

2

5

0.45

0.45

0.70

0.70

1.0

Compensation rate complies with EN54–7:2000

5

30

5

30

5

Table 1 Ionisation detector operating modes page

6

Discovery Ionisation Smoke Detector

OPERATING

PRINCIPLES

The Discovery ionisation smoke detector has a moulded white polycarbonate case with wind-resistant smoke inlets.

Inside the case is a printed circuit board which has the ionisation chamber mounted on one side and the signal processing and communications electronics on the other.

The ionisation chamber consists of a reference chamber contained inside a smoke chamber (Figure 2).

▲ Part Number 58000-500 reference and smoke chambers, the sensing electrode converts variations in chamber current into voltage changes.

The outer smoke chamber has inlet apertures fitted with insect resistant mesh.

The radioactive source holder and the smoke chamber form positive and negative electrodes respectively. An Americium

241 radioactive source mounted within the reference chamber irradiates the air in both chambers, producing positive and negative ions.

A voltage across the electrodes produces an electric field.

Ions are attracted to the electrode of the opposite sign to their own charge; many recombine but a small electric current flows between the electrodes. At the junction between

When smoke particles enter the ionisation chamber, ions become attached to them with the result that the current flowing through the chamber decreases.

This effect is greater in the smoke chamber than in the reference chamber, and the imbalance causes the sensing electrode to become more positive.

The analogue voltage at the

Address Buttons

PCB

10V on Foil Holder sensor electrode is converted to a digital format which is processed to provide an analogue value for transmission to the control panel when the device is polled.

Ionisation smoke detectors are supplied in individual packing with a red lid serving as a dust cover which can be left in place after fitting to prevent ingress of foreign material until commissioning of the system takes place. At this point the covers must be removed.

Radioactive Foil

Case Moulding

Lid Moulding

LED LED

Inner Cover Inner Chamber

0V Smoke Chamber

Fig.2

Sectional view - Discovery Ionisation Smoke Detector

TECHNICAL DATA

Discovery Ionisation Smoke

Detector

Part No 58000-500

Specifications are typical at

24V, 23°C and 50% relative humidity unless otherwise stated.

Detection principle:

Ionisation chamber

Chamber configuration:

Twin compensating chambers using one single sided ionising radiation source

Radioactive isotope:

Americium 241

Activity:

33.3 kBq, 0.9µCi

Type code:

Bits 2 1 0 4 3 7 6 5

0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Supply wiring:

Two-wire supply, polarity insensitive

Terminal functions:

L1 & L2 supply in and out connections

–R positive connection

(internal 2.2k

Ω resistance to positive) remote indicator negative connection

(internal 2.2k

Ω resistance to negative)

Operating voltage:

17–28V DC

Communication protocol:

Apollo Discovery 5–9V peak to peak

Quiescent current:

500µA average 750µA peak

Power-up surge current:

1mA

Maximum power-up time:

10s

Alarm current, LED illuminated:

3.5mA

Remote output characteristics:

Connects to positive line through 4.5k

Ω (5mA maximum)

Clean-air analogue value:

23 +4/–0

Alarm level analogue value:

55

Alarm indicator:

2 red Light Emitting Diodes

(LEDs). Optional remote LED

Electro-magnetic compatibility: marked

A copy of the relevant declaration is available on request

Temperature range:

Max. continuous operating

Min. continuous

+60°C operating 0° C

Min. operating –20°C

(no condensation/icing)

Storage –30°C to +80°C

Humidity:

0 to 95% relative humidity

(no condensation)

Effect of temperature:

Less than 10% change in sensitivity over rated range

Effect of atmospheric pressure:

Less than 15% change in sensitivity up to 2000m

Effect of wind:

Less than 20% change in sensitivity at speeds up to

10m/s.

Note: slow changes in ambient conditions will automatically be compensated and will not affect sensitivity

Vibration, Impact and

Shock:

To EN54–7:2000

IP rating:

43

Dimensions:

100mm diameter;

42mm height

50mm (height in base)

Weight:

Detector

Detector in base

105g

160g

Materials:

Housing: White polycarbonate V–0 rated to

UL94

Terminals: Nickel plated stainless steel page

7

SAFETY NOTE

In the United Kingdom, ionisation smoke detectors are subject to the requirements of the

Radioactive Substances Act

1960 and to the Ionising

Radiations Regulations

1985 made under the provisions of the Health and

Safety at Work Act 1974.

The detectors, independently tested by the

National Radiological

Protection Board (NRPB), conform to all the requirements specified in the ‘Recommendations for ionisation smoke detectors in implementation of radiation standards’ published by the Nuclear

Energy Agency of the

Organisation for Economic

Co-operation and

Development (OECD) 1977.

There is no limit to the number of ionisation smoke detectors which may be installed in any fire protection system.

Storage regulations depend on local standards and legislation, but, in the UK, up to 500 detectors may be stored in any premises, although there are stipulations on storage facilities if more than 100 ionisation detectors are stored in one building.

At the end of their recommended working life of ten years, ionisation smoke detectors should be returned to Apollo for safe disposal or disposed of in an otherwise locally approved and environmentally safe manner. Please see

"A guide to the care, maintenance and servicing of Apollo products",

PP2055.

Guidance on storage and handling can be given by

Apollo Fire Detectors and full details can be requested from:

Radioactive Substances

Regulation Function

Environment Agency

Rio House, Waterside Drive

Aztec West, Almondsbury

Bristol BS32 4UD.

Outside the UK, please contact the relevant national agency.

DISCOVERY

OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR

Discovery Optical Smoke Detector

Mode Alarm threshold

%/m

Minimum time to alarm

(sec)

▲ Part Number 58000-600

3

4

1

2

5

1.4

1.4

2.1

2.1

2.8

Compensation rate complies with EN54–7:2000

5

30

5

30

5

Table 2 Optical detector operating modes page

8

OPERATING

PRINCIPLES

The Discovery optical detector uses the same outer case as the ionisation smoke detector and is distinguished by the indicator LEDs which are clear when the detector is in quiescent state and red in alarm. Within the case is a printed circuit board which, on one side, has the light-proof chamber with integral gauze surrounding the optical measuring system and, on the other, the signal processing and communications electronics.

An infra-red light emitting diode within its collimator is arranged at an obtuse angle to the photo-diode.

The photo-diode has an integral daylight-blocking filter (Fig.3).

The IR LED emits a burst of collimated light every second. In clear air the photo-diode receives no light directly from the IR

LED, because of the angular arrangement and the chamber baffles. When smoke enters the chamber it scatters light from the emitter IR LED onto the photo-diode in an amount related to the smoke characteristics and density.

The photo-diode signal is processed to provide an analogue value for transmission when the detector is interrogated.

Optical Chamber Address Buttons

PCB Cover

Photo-Diode

Case Moulding Infra-Red LED

Fig.3

Top section - Discovery Optical Smoke Detector

TECHNICAL DATA

Discovery Optical Smoke

Detector

Part No: 58000-600

Specifications are typical at 24V, 23°C and 50% relative humidity unless otherwise stated.


Photo-electric detection of light scattered in a forward direction by smoke particles


Horizontal optical bench housing infra-red emitter and sensor, arranged radially to detect forward scattered light

Sensor:

Silicon PIN photo-diode

Emitter:

GaAlAs infra-red light emitting diode

Sampling frequency:

1 per second

Type code:

Bits 2 1 0 4 3 7 6 5

1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0






(internal 2.2k


(internal 2.2k



17–28V DC






1mA


10s


3.4mA


Connects to positive line through 4.5

Ω (5mA maximum)


23 +4/–0


55


2 colourless Light Emitting

Diodes (LEDs); illuminating red in alarm. Optional remote LED





Min. operating


+60°C

Min. continuous operating 0°C

–20°C


Humidity:


(no condensation)

Effect of temperature:

Less than 15% change in sensitivity over rated range.

Note: slow changes in ambient conditions will automatically be compensated and will not affect sensitivity

Effect of atmospheric pressure:

None


None


Shock:

To EN54–5:2000

IP rating:

43

Dimensions:

100mm diameter;

42mm height


Weight:

Detector

Detector in base

105g

160g

Materials:

Housing: White polycarbonate V–0 rated to UL94

Terminals: Nickel plated stainless steel page

9

DISCOVERY

HEAT DETECTOR

page

10

Discovery Heat Detector ▲ Part Number 58000-400

OPERATING

PRINCIPLES

Discovery heat detectors have a common profile with ionisation and optical smoke detectors but have a low air flow resistance case made of self-extinguishing white polycarbonate. approximately linear characteristic from 10°C to

80°C. This linearised signal is further processed, depending on the response mode selected, and converted to an analogue output.

For the European standard version of the detector, the five modes correspond to five

“classes” as defined in the draft standard EN54 – 5:2000.

The classes in this draft standard correspond with different response behaviour, each of which is designed to be suitable for a range of application temperatures. All modes incorporate “fixed temperature” response, which is defined in the draft standard by the “static response temperature”. The application temperatures and static response temperatures for all response modes are given in Table 3.

In addition to the basic classification, a detector

The Discovery heat detector uses a single thermistor to sense the air temperature at the detector position. The thermistor is connected in a resistor network, which produces a voltage output dependent on temperature.

The design of the resistor network, together with the processing algorithm in the microcontroller, gives an

Address Buttons

PCB

Thermistor Bead may be given an “R” or “S” suffix. The “R” suffix indicates that the detector has been shown to have a rate-of-rise characteristic.

Such a detector will still give a rapid response even when starting from an ambient temperature well below its typical application temperature. This type of detector is therefore suitable for areas such as unheated warehouses in which the ambient temperature may be very low for long periods.

The “S” suffix on the other hand indicates that the detector will not respond below its minimum static response temperature even when exposed to high rates of rise of air temperature.

This type is therefore suitable for areas such as kitchens and boiler rooms where large, rapid temperature changes are considered normal.

Case Moulding

Lid Moulding

LED LED

Heat Shrink Sleeving

Fig.4

Discovery Heat Detector

TECHNICAL DATA


17–28V DC

Discovery Heat Detector

Part No: 58000-400



Specifications are typical at

24V, 23°C and 50% relative humidity unless otherwise stated.




1mA


Temperature sensitive resistance.


10s

Type code:

2 1 0 4 3 7 6 5

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


3.4mA







maximum)

Ω (5mA positive connection

(internal 2.2k

Ω resistance to positive) indicator negative connection

(internal 2.2k



55



(LEDs).

Optional remote LED




Max. continuous operating see Table 3

Min. continuous operating 0°C




Humidity:


(no condensation)


Shock:

To EN54–5:2000

IP rating:

53

Dimensions:

100mm diameter; 42mm height

Weight:

Detector

Detector in base

Materials:

Housing: White polycarbonate V–0 rated to UL94

Terminals: Nickel plated stainless steel

105g

160g page

11

Mode Class

(EN54–5:2000) Temperature °C

Typ Max

Temperature °C

Min Typ Max

3

4

1

2

5

A1R

A2

A2S

CR

CS

25

25

25

55

55

50

50

50

80

80

54

54

54

84

84

57

61

61

90

90

For air temperatures in the range 15°C to 55°C, the analogue value for a detector in mode 1 will correspond approximately to the air temperature.

65

70

70

100

100

Table 3 Heat Detector response modes

DISCOVERY

MULTISENSOR DETECTOR

page

12

Discovery Multisensor Detector

OPERATING

PRINCIPLES

The Discovery multisensor detector contains an optical smoke sensor and a thermistor temperature sensor whose outputs are combined to give the final analogue value. The way in which the signals from the two sensors are combined depends on the response mode selected. The five modes provide response behaviour which incorporates pure heat detection, pure smoke detection and a combination of both. The multisensor is therefore useful over the widest range of applications.

The multisensor construction is similar to that of the optical detector but uses a different lid and optical mouldings to accommodate the thermistor temperature sensor. The sectional view

(Fig 5) shows the arrangement of the optical chamber and the thermistor.

The signals from the optical smoke sensing element and the temperature sensor are independent, and represent the smoke level and the air temperature respectively in the vicinity of the detector.

The detector’s microcontroller processes the two signals according to the mode selected. When the detector is operating as a multisensor (i.e. modes 1, 3 and 4) the temperature signal processing extracts only rate-of-rise information for combination with the optical signal. In these modes the detector will not respond to a slow temperature increase – even if the temperature reaches a high level. A large sudden change in temperature can, however, cause an alarm without the presence of smoke, if sustained for 20 seconds.

The processing algorithms in modes 1 to 4 incorporate drift compensation.

The characteristics of the five response modes are summarised below.

▲ Part Number 58000-700

Mode 1 has very high smoke sensitivity combined with high temperature sensitivity.

This gives a high overall sensitivity to both smouldering and flaming fires.

Mode 2 has a smoke sensitivity similar to that of a normal optical smoke detector but has no response to temperature. This mode is therefore equivalent to a standard optical detector. It is suitable for applications in which wide temperature changes occur under normal conditions.

Mode 3 has moderate smoke sensitivity combined with a moderate sensitivity to heat.

This combination is considered the optimum for most general applications since it offers good response to both smouldering and flaming fires.

Mode 4 has lower than normal smoke sensitivity combined with high heat sensitivity. This makes it suitable for applications in

PCB

External moulding

Optical chamber

Fig.5

which a certain amount of fumes or smoke is considered normal.

Mode 5 has no smoke sensitivity at all, but gives a pure heat detector response meeting the response time requirements for a Class A1 detector in the draft European standard EN54 – 5:2000. In this mode the detector will respond to slowly changing temperatures and has a

“fixed temperature” alarm threshold at 58°C. The analogue value in this mode will give the approximate air temperature over the range 15°C to 55°C.

In mode 5, the smoke sensor is still active though it does not contribute to the analogue signal. As a consequence, if the detector is used in a dirty or smoky environment the optical sensor drift flag may be activated in the heat-only mode.

Note: in situ testing of the multisensor detector should be carried out as for smoke detectors in response modes

1-4 and for heat detectors in response modes 5.

Design Note: if the multisensor is to be used in mode 5, heat detector spacing/coverage should be applied.

Twin Alarm LEDs

RFI Shield

Chamber cut away to reveal optical bench

Thermistor

Sectional view - Discovery Multisensor Detector

TECHNICAL DATA

Discovery Multisensor

Detector,

Part No 58000-700

Specifications are typical and apply at temperature

23°C and relative humidity

50% unless otherwise stated.

Detector principle:

Smoke: Photoelectric detection of light scattered by smoke particles

Heat: Temperature-sensitive resistance

Type code:

Bits 2 1 0 4 3 7 6 5

1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0






(internal 2.2k


(internal 2.2k



17–28V DC






1mA


10s


3.5mA



Ω (5mA maximum)


23 +4/–0


55


2 colourless Light Emitting

Diodes (LEDs); illuminated red in alarm

Optional remote LED





Min. continuous

+60°C operating 0°C




Humidity:


(no condensation)

Effect of temperature on optical sensor:

Less than 15% change in sensitivity over rated range.

Slow changes in ambient conditions will automatically be compensated and will not affect sensitivity

Effect of atmospheric pressure on optical sensor:

None

Effect of wind on optical sensor:

None


Shock:

To EN54–7:2000

IP rating:

43

Dimensions:

100mm diameter;

50mm height


Weight:

Detector

Detector in base

105g

160g

Materials:

Housing: White polycarbonate V–0 rated to

UL94


Smoke element only:


Horizontal optical bench housing infra-red emitter and sensor, arranged radially to detect forward scattered light

Sensor:

Silicon PIN photo-diode

Emitter:

GaAlAs infra-red light emitting diode


1 per second page

13

Mode Smoke Sensitivity

(grey smoke)

% per m % per ft

Temperature Sensitivity

(relative)

3

4

1

2

5

1.1

2.1

2.8

4.2

0.35

0.7

0.9

1.4

No response to smoke

Table 4 Multisensor Detector operating modes

High

No response to heat

Low

High

See text

Response Type

Multisensor

Optical

Multisensor

Multisensor

Heat A1

Minimum Time to

Alarm (seconds)

20

30

20

20

30

DISCOVERY

CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR

page

14

Discovery Carbon Monoxide Detector

OPERATING

PRINCIPLES

▲ Part Number 58000-300 high levels caused by sources such as pipe smokers or gas flame ignition.

APPLICATION

■

■

■ levels of alcohol vapour as emitted by some cleaning agents there is a requirement to detect fires involving flammable liquids

CO fire detectors are particularly suitable for

supplementing smoke detection when there is:

■ a deep seated smouldering fire risk a risk of fire starting in an enclosed space a likelihood of stratification taking place

Carbon monoxide detectors may be used as the primary fire detector in areas where the following conditions exist:

■ the main risk is smouldering fires

■

■ optical smoke detectors are deemed unsuitable

(see ‘FALSE ALARMS’ below) the fire compartment is not greater than 50m 2

Typical applications include hotel bedrooms, halls of residence, sheltered accommodation and hospital wards.

Discovery CO fire detectors contain a long-life electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor which is tolerant of low levels of common vapours and household products. The sensing technology is fast, accurate and needs only very low power. These factors make the CO sensor suitable for fire detection applications.

The detection capabilities are enhanced by a ratesensitive response. Fast rises in the carbon monoxide level are often associated with hot fires and the detector will respond earlier under these conditions. The analogue reply from the detector is rate limited to remove nuisance alarms resulting from short-term

CO detectors do not detect smoke particles or heat and are not universal replacements for smoke detectors.

Apollo does not endorse the use of CO detectors as the main method of fire detection if:

■ the protected area is an escape route

■

■ there is a requirement to detect overheating of electrical equipment or cables the protected area is exposed to sources of CO such as vehicle exhausts, or to hydrogen or to high

DETECTOR SITING

CO fire detectors should be sited using the recommendations for smoke detectors from BS5839: Part

1 (or other applicable code).

In the development of a fire, smoke and CO in the smoke plume is spread by convection to a fire detector.

As CO is a gas, it further spreads—like smells—by diffusion. For this reason

CO may reach a detector faster than smoke would.

This potential advantage can be exploited when designing a fire protection system and CO detectors may be used for supplementary detection.

Equally, the opposite effect might occur, with CO moving away from a detector.

The behaviour of CO is

therefore unpredictable and diffusion should not be relied on when designing a fire protection system.

FALSE ALARMS

Carbon monoxide detectors are less susceptible than smoke detectors to false alarms from sources such as toast, steam, cooking, plumbing work and hair spray. They may therefore be used in some applications in which smoke detectors would be susceptible to unwanted alarms.

Conversely, they may be more susceptible than smoke detectors to false alarms from fumes containing CO, such as vehicle exhausts, open fires and gas appliances.

LIMITATIONS CELL TEST

Carbon monoxide detectors also have important limitations. They are set to a higher sensitivity than the maximum allowed by the domestic CO alarm standard and will respond to CO from faulty gas appliances or vehicle exhausts. These detectors

should not be used in place of carbon monoxide alarms complying with BS7860 or

UL2034.

OPERATING

MODES

The Discovery carbon monoxide fire detector has a remote test feature, which is used to verify that the electro-chemical cell is fitted and that it is active. A test must be carried out at least once a year but preferably more frequently to ensure that the cell has not dried out. (Note that the cell will not be affected by the test, even if the remote test is carried out once a day.)

If the test indicates a sensor failure, ie, the detector returns a pre-set analogue value of 25, the detector should be sent to

Apollo’s Service Department for cell replacement and detector recalibration.

The Discovery CO detector has five operating modes, each having a set combination of sensitivity and response delay, which the user can select for any given application. See table on page 16.

PRECAUTIONS

WHEN

INVESTIGATING

ALARMS

MAINTENANCE

AND SERVICE

DRIFT

COMPENSATION

In view of the inherent stability of CO cells, there is no need for Discovery CO detectors to compensate for drift. Discovery CO detectors are set to report a drift value of 16.

It is important to remember that CO is a colourless, odourless gas, which is not directly detectable by human senses. If a CO fire detector is in an alarm condition, it is possible that a dangerous level of CO exists around the detector.

Extreme care must be taken when investigating alarms from CO fire detectors even if no combustion products can be seen or smelled.

Because of this danger, it is imperative that CO fire detectors are correctly identified at the control panel so that personnel investigating alarms may take the relevant precautions.

Discovery CO fire detector it should be returned to

Apollo for servicing and calibration.

The electrochemical cell used in the Discovery CO fire detector has a more limited life than would normally be expected from a smoke detector. In a typical environment, the life of the cell is seven years.

High temperature or low relative humidity can, however, reduce the life significantly. The limits given in the section

‘technical data’ overleaf should be carefully observed.

It is essential that systems using CO fire detectors be correctly maintained and that the maintenance schedule include functional testing of the CO fire detectors.

CO fire detectors will not respond to the aerosol testers commonly used for the in-situ testing of smoke detectors. Apollo recommends that CO fire detectors be tested using a

“hand warmer”, burning compressed charcoal fuel rods. These hand warmers are available in camping and outdoor shops. The charcoal rod should be ignited at one end according to the instructions. To achieve a reliable test, the complete hand warmer should be placed inside a hood which fits over the detector, allowing CO to build up around the detector. The

Apollo (No Climb) detector tester can be used for this purpose.

If there is any doubt over the sensitivity of a

HEALTH AND

SAFETY

GUIDELINES

This product contains a sealed electro-chemical cell and in normal usage represents no chemical hazard in the sense of

COSHH and the Health and

Safety at Work Act 1974.

Chemical hazard can, however, arise if the following notes on storage, handling and disposal are not observed.

For maximum life, the product should be stored before installation in clean dry conditions between 0°C and 20°C. It should not be exposed to temperatures outside the range –40°C to

+60°C or to organic vapours.

The electrochemical cell contained in this product is fitted into sockets on the printed circuit board; to avoid damage to the cell do not remove it.

The electrochemical cell contains sulphuric acid in a relatively concentrated state. In the event of leakage (which may be caused by mechanical damage or use outside the operating specification for the cell) the cell should be removed from the detector using protective gloves.

Avoid contact with any liquid. If skin or eye contact with the electrolyte occurs, wash immediately with plenty of water and page

15

page

16

TECHNICAL DATA

Discovery Carbon

Monoxide Fire Detector

Specifications are typical and apply at 24V, 23˚C and 50% relative humidity unless otherwise stated.

Detector Part no:

58000-300

Base Part no:

45681-210

Detector principle:

Ambient carbon monoxide level

Type code:

Bits 2 1 0 4 3 7 6 5

0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1


Two-wire supply, polarity sensitive


L2 positive supply in

L1 and out connections negative supply in

+R and out connections remote indicator positive connection

(internal 2.2k

Ω

–R resistance to positive) remote indicator negative connection

(internal 2.2k



17–28V DC


Apollo Discovery 5–V peak to peak


500µA average, 750µA peak


1mA


10s


3.5mA



Ω

(5mA maximum)


1 per second

Clean air analogue value:

25±2


55



(LEDs);

Optional remote LED


Storage Temperature:

Continuous: +10˚C to +30˚C

Transient: –40˚C to +55˚C

Storage Pressure:

If air freighted this product should be placed in a pressurised hold

Operating Pressure:

Atmospheric ±10%

Operating Temperature:

Continuous: 0˚C to +50˚C

Transient: –20˚C to +50˚C


Operating Humidity:

Continuous: 15% to 90% RH

Transient: 0% to 99% RH

Cell Life: maximum 7 Years

(assumes regular checks are satisfactory) obtain medical advice. All traces of electrolyte should be washed away with copious amounts of clean water. The cell should be disposed of according to local waste management requirements and environmental legislation.

It should not be burnt since it may release toxic fumes.

Effect of temperature on detector:

Less than 15% change in sensitivity over rated range


None


Shock:

To EN54–7:2000

IP rating:

43

Dimensions:

100mm diameter

42mm height


Weight:

Detector 105g

Detector in base 160g

Materials:

Housing: White polycarbonate,

V–0 rated to

UL94


Mode

1

2

3

4

5

Alarm Threshold

(ppm)

30

45

45

60

75

Minimum time to Typical application alarm (seconds)

60

30

60

30

30

Table 6 Relative performance of detectors in test fires

Sleeping with no ambient CO

General use fast response such as supplementary protection in atria

General use and sleeping risk with some low-level CO

(such as from light smoking or an unventilated gas fire)

General smoking area and supplementary detection of deep seated fires such as laundry rooms

Supplementary use in kitchen or boiler room

DISCOVERY

MOUNTING BASES

Discovery/XP95 Mounting Base ▲ Part Number 45681-210 with XPERT card

TECHNICAL

DESCRIPTION

All detectors in the

Discovery range fit into

XP95 mounting bases.

Full details of bases and mounting accessories are given in PP1089 and PIN sheets PP2040 and 2043.

An earth connection is not required for either safety or correct operation of detectors. The ground (earth) terminal is isolated and is provided for tidy termination of grounded conductors or cable screens and to maintain earth continuity where necessary.

All terminals are marked according to their function.

Bases have a wide interior diameter for ease of access to cables and terminals and there are two slots for fixing screws. The slots enable two fixing screws to be located at a spacing of 51 to 69mm.

The bases are of 100mm diameter and have five terminals:

L1 line in and line out double terminal

L2 line in and line out double terminal

–R remote LED negative supply double terminal

+R remote LED positive supply double terminal

E earth single terminal

Detectors fit into bases one way only, without snagging, and require clockwise rotation without push force to be plugged in.

Universal patented address cards, known as XPERT cards, are supplied with all bases. Consult the coding guide in the installation instructions to determine which pips are to be removed from the card to give the correct address. Lay the card on a flat surface, pips down, insert a screwdriver into the slot on the reverse of the pip to be removed and give a firm twist.

When the card is coded insert it into the slot in the side of the appropriate base, making sure that the card locks itself into place. As a detector is inserted into the base, the remaining pips operate the address buttons on the detector and the detector electronics reads the address. page

17

DISCOVERY

MANUAL CALL POINT

page

18

Discovery Manual Call Point (MCP) ▲ For Part Numbers see Table 5

OPERATING

PRINCIPLES

The Discovery call point is based on the KAC World

Series.

The address of each call point is set at the commissioning stage by means of a seven-segment

DIL switch.

If an MCP is activated it interrupts the normal protocol to give a fast response. For full details of the patented interrupt feature, see publication

PP2027.

The Discovery call point has

4 bytes of non-volatile memory available for the user in the same way as

Discovery detectors. The call point has the conventional alarm facility.

The Discovery manual call point has only one response mode. This is factory preset to 16.

A single alarm LED is provided on the call point.

This LED is controlled, independently of the call point, by the CIE and may be set to flash each time the call point is polled.

Call points can be remotely tested from the control and indicating equipment by transmission of a single bit in the communications protocol. Call points respond by providing an analogue value of 64 which corresponds to the alarm value. The CIE should recognise this response as a test signal and should not raise a general alarm.

NON-STANDARD

MANUAL CALL

POINTS

Manual call points approved for use in countries applying

DIN standards are available, as are XP95 manual call points for outdoor use or for special purposes, such as initiating an ‘Evacuate’ alarm. It should be remembered, however, that

XP95 manual call points have no user bytes available and do not have the

Discovery conventional alarm facility.

The Discovery Manual Call Point is available in two versions:

Part no. 58000-910

For surface mounting, incorporating the call point assembly and a back-box.

Part no. 58000-920

For flush mounting, incorporating the call point assembly and a terminal tray.

For flush mounting an outlet (pattress) box with a minimum depth of 25mm is also needed.

Table 5 Manual Call Point Part Numbers

TECHNICAL DATA


Specifications are typical and apply at temperature

23°C and relative humidity

50% unless otherwise stated.

Call point type:

Break glass

Part No 58000-910 surface mount assembly

Weight 190g

Part No 58000-920 flush mount assembly

Weight 180g

Part No 26729-107 back-box

Part No 26729-110 terminal tray

Call point principle:

Operation of a switch


Red Light Emitting Diode

(LED)

Type code:

Bits 2 1 0 4 3 7 6 5

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0



Loop connections L1/L2:

Flying leads with spade terminals


17

–

28V DC


Apollo Discovery 5

–

9V peak to peak




1mA


4s


3.35mA

Normal analogue value:

16

Alarm state value:

64





Min. continuous

+60°C operating 0°C

Min. operating

–

20°C


Storage

–

30°C to +80°C

Humidity:


(no condensation)


Shock:

To BS5839: Part 2

IP rating:

53

Dimensions:

87mm x 87mm x 52mm

(surface mount version)

Materials:

Housing: Red self-coloured

PC/ABS page

19

MECHANICAL

CONSTRUCTION

INTER-

CHANGEABILITY

ISOLATORS

page

20


Discovery range have the same external dimensions, except the multisensor detector, which is deeper.

The housing of the ionisation and optical smoke detectors is identical.

The material used to mould the housings is a UL 94 V–0 grade of polycarbonate in a pure white finish.

Two light-emitting diodes

(LEDs) are mounted on the printed circuit board within the housing. They protrude through the lid to be easily visible and provide external alarm indication.

The LEDs of the ionisation smoke detector and the heat detector are red, and the optical and multisensor detectors have colourless

LEDs which emit red light in the alarm state.


Discovery range have four nickel-plated stainless steel wipers at the back of the housing which make contact with the double terminals when the detector is fitted to a base.

Any Discovery detector may be replaced by any other type in the range. For example, if a smoke detector proved unsuitable in a particular application, it could be simply replaced with a heat detector set to the appropriate grade or range, provided that the maximum floor area coverage does not exceed that specified by BS5839:

Part1 or other local code.

Discovery detectors can also be used to replace

XP95 detectors and again, it is possible to change types, e.g. smoke for heat or vice versa when mixing types.

Factory-new Discovery detectors are set to mid range, equivalent to XP95, and the flashing LED feature is disabled.

Note: the control and indicating equipment must not have a drift compensation algorithm activated when interrogating Discovery detectors.

Some XP95 panels may not recognise the multisensor or

CO detector type codes.

Contact the panel manufacturer for advice.

All XP95 isolators and isolating bases are patented and are suitable for use with Discovery detectors and manual call points.

These are:

Product Part no

Isolating base 20D 45681–321 PIN sheet PP2039

Isolator 55000–700 Product guide PP1039

Base for isolator 45681–211 Product guide PP1039

INTERFACES

All XP95 interfaces are fully compatible with Discovery detectors and call points.

Please see the Interfaces

Brochure, PP2025, for further information.

SOUNDERS

Loop sounders developed for use with XP95 systems may be used in exactly the same way with Discovery.

See publication PP2031.

MAINTENANCE

OF DETECTORS

Literature

CONTROL PANEL

COMPATIBILITY

Discovery detectors are designed to be operated with purpose-designed control and indicating equipment that makes full use of their features. Discovery can, however, be connected to any control panel which can operate existing ranges of

Apollo analogue addressable detectors with the previously noted rule, that the control and indicating equipment must not have a drift algorithm operating on

Discovery devices. Contact the panel manufacturer for guidance. For a list of compatible panel manufacturers, see Apollo publication PP1010.

Apollo Fire Detectors has published a guide to the care, maintenance and servicing of Apollo products, PP2055, which is available on request.

This guide outlines the maintenance routines recommended for optimum detector performance and the services available from

Apollo’s factory-based

Service Department.

DISCOVERY

APPLICATION OF

DISCOVERY DETECTORS

The process of designing a fire detection system using Discovery detectors is the same as that used for any other detector range, except that Discovery offers more choices to the system designer. The principles set out in relevant codes of practice such as BS5839:

Part 1 should be followed in any system design. The notes below are intended to supplement the codes of practice and to give some specific guidance on the choices available with the Discovery range.

Choice of Detector Type

The choice of detector from the Discovery range follows the well-established principles of system design.

That is, the optimum detector type will depend on the type of fire risk and fire load, and the type of environment in which the detector is sited.

For general use, smoke detectors are recommended since these give the highest level of protection. Smoke detectors from the Discovery range may be ionisation, optical or multisensor types.

It is generally accepted that ionisation types have a high sensitivity to flaming fires whereas optical detectors have high sensitivity to smouldering fires. As a result of this, ionisation types are widely used for property protection, and optical types for life protection. These general principles still apply to the Discovery detectors, although the availability of a multisensor in the Discovery range offers more choice to the system designer.

The multisensor is basically an optical smoke detector and will therefore respond well to the smoke from smouldering fires. In response modes 1, 3 and 4, however, (ie, in the multisensor modes) the detector also senses air temperature. This temperature sensitivity allows the multisensor to give a response to fast burning (flaming) fires which is similar to that of an ionisation detector. The multisensor can therefore be used as an alternative to an ionisation detector while still retaining the benefits of an optical smoke detector.

Where the environment is smoky or dirty under normal conditions, a heat detector may be more appropriate. It must be recognised, however, that any heat detector will respond only when the fire is well established and generating a high heat output. The

Discovery heat detector can be used in a wide range of page

21

Ionisation

Overheating/thermal decomposition

Smouldering/glowing combustion

Flaming combustion

Flaming with high heat output

Flaming – clean burning

Poor

Moderate/Good

Very good

Very good

Poor

Table 6 Relative performance of detectors in test fires

Optical

Very good

Good

Good

Good

Very poor

Multisensor

Very good

Good

Good

Very good

Moderate/good

Heat

Very poor

Very poor

Poor

Moderate/good

Moderate/good

CO

Very poor

Excellent

Poor

Moderate

Very poor

page

22 conditions by selecting the correct mode (see Table 7).

The relative performance of the four detector types for different fire types is given in

Table 6.

Choice of Response Mode

A major objective in designing a detection system is to achieve the best detection performance while keeping the number of unwanted alarms at a low level. Unwanted alarms are normally caused by environmental influences.

For any given environment, unwanted alarms will, as a rule, be more frequent for detectors of higher sensitivity.

It has already been pointed out that the response modes for Discovery detectors correspond to different sensitivity to fire, with response mode 1 being more sensitive than mode 5.

It follows, then, that

Discovery detectors set to mode 1 will be most suitable for environments in which sources of unwanted alarms are rare. Such environments include cleanrooms and computer suites. At the other extreme, response mode 5 will be suited to more dusty or smoky environments such as loading areas where diesel forklift trucks are operating. Response mode

3 is a general-purpose setting for which the response is similar to that of the corresponding XP95 detector.

It will be seen, then, that it is often more useful to think of particular response modes being suited to different environments rather than simply having different sensitivity to fire. Table 7 shows response modes for

Discovery detectors that are considered suitable for different environment types.

Any of those identified as suitable should give acceptable performance.

The recommended detector/mode combinations will give the best available performance from

Discovery.

Time-related systems

Discovery detectors are particularly useful for installations in which it is desirable to set different detector response characteristics at different times of the day because of changes in the environment.

For example, if an industrial process generates smoke or fumes during working hours and the area is clean at other times the optimum response mode will be different at different times of the day. Outside working hours the sensitivity can be switched to a higher level to maintain maximum protection.

The Discovery multisensor is especially suitable for time-related systems.

Because its response can be switched from a pure heat response to a sensitive multisensor smoke response, it can be optimised for very clean or dirty (smoky) environments.

However, if mode switching between heat and smoke (or multisensor) modes is used, it is important to remember that the area coverage in the heat-only mode is half that of the smoke or multisensor modes.

The detector spacing must therefore be based on the heat detector spacing of the relevant standard.

APPROVALS

Discovery detectors comply with EN54-5:2000 and

EN54-7:2000. Detectors also comply with EMC

Directive 89/336/EEC and are CE marked.

Discovery detectors have been approved by several approval and regulatory bodies woldwide, including

LPCB in the UK, VdS in Germany, DBI in Denmark and SSL in Australia.

PATENTS HELD

Protocol interrupt system

Addressable isolators

Addressable XPERT card

1

Cleanroom

EDP suite

2 3 4 5

Hotel room;

Studio apartment; small flat

(<50m2)

1 2 3 4 5

Office;

Long Corridor;

Hospital wards;

Light industrial factory

1 2 3 4 5

Warehouse;

Bar

1 2 3 4 5

Loading bay;

Car park

(enclosed & ventilated)

1 2 3 4 5

Kitchen;

Laundry

Boiler room

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Mode

MULTI

OPTICAL

ION

CO

HEAT

KEY

S

Recommended

Suitable

Suitable as supplement

Table 7 Discovery Response Mode Selection Grid

S S S page

23

page

24

APOLLO FIRE DETECTORS LIMITED

Apollo Fire Detectors Limited is part of the Halma plc group of companies and one of the world's leading manufacturers of conventional and analogue addressables smoke and heat detectors for commercial and industrial applications. Our products are sold in over 75 countries and we have won 3 Queen's Awards for

Export Achievement.

Information in this guide is given in good faith, but

Apollo Fire Detectors

Limited cannot be held responsible for any omissions or errors. The company reserves the right to change specifications of products at any time and without prior notice.

Quality Systems Certificate No 010

Assessed to ISO 9001

Our detectors hold product approvals worldwide and the company is quality certificated to ISO 9001 by the LPCB.

The company's premises are located in Havant on the south coast of England.

PP2052/2001/Issue 3

Quality Systems Certificate No 010

Assessed to ISO 9001

36 Brookside Road, Havant, Hampshire PO9 1JR, England. Tel: +44 (0)23 9249 2412. Fax: +44 (0)23 9249 2754.

Email: [email protected] Website: www.apollo-fire.co.uk

Apollo GmbH, Gneisenaustr IIA, 33330 Gütersloh, Germany. Tel: +49 5241 33060. Fax: +49 5241 330629

Air Products and Controls Inc., 1749 E Highwood, Pontiac, MI 48340, USA. Tel: +1 248 332 3900. Fax: +1 248 332 8807

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