Oracle Release 10.1 SQL*Plus Quick Reference
Below you will find brief information for SQLPlus Release 10.1. This is a quick reference guide that provides a summary of the SQLPlus commands and their syntax. It also includes information on starting and leaving SQL*Plus, accessing databases, and formatting query results.
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SQL*Plus®
Quick Reference
Release 10.1
December 2003
Part No. B12171-01
About this Quick Reference
This Quick Reference shows
i
SQL*Plus buttons and icons, and
i
SQL*Plus and SQL*Plus command syntax. For detailed information on each command, refer to the SQL*Plus User's Guide and Reference.
This Quick Reference has the following topics:
Q
Conventions for Command Syntax
Q
Q
Alphabetic List of SQL*Plus Commands
Q
Q
Q
Q
iSQL*Plus Navigation iSQL*Plus Preferences iSQL*Plus Workspace Buttons
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Starting Up and Shutting Down a Database
Entering and Executing Commands
Manipulating SQL, SQL*Plus and PL/SQL Commands
Copyright © 1996, 2003 Oracle Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Conventions for Command Syntax
The following two tables describe the notation and conventions for command syntax used in this Quick Reference.
Table 1 Commands, Terms, and Clauses
Feature Example Explanation
uppercase BTITLE Enter text exactly as spelled; it need not be in uppercase.
A clause value; substitute an appropriate value.
lowercase italics column words with specific meanings c char
A single character.
d or e
A CHAR value—a literal in single quotes—or an expression with a CHAR value.
A date or an expression with a DATE value.
expr m or n text variable
An unspecified expression.
A number of an expression with a NUMBER value.
A CHAR constant with or without single quotes.
A substitution variable (unless the text specifies another variable type).
Table 2 Punctuation
Feature Example Explanation
vertical bar brackets braces
| Separates alternative syntax elements that may be optional or mandatory.
[ON | OFF] One or more optional items. If two items appear separated by |, enter one of the items. Do not enter the brackets or |.
{ON | OFF}
A choice of mandatory items; enter one of the items. Do not enter the braces or |.
underlining {ON | OFF} A default value; if you enter nothing, SQL*Plus assumes the underlined value.
ellipsis n ...
Preceding items may be repeated any number of times.
2
Documentation Accessibility
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To that end, our documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive technology. This documentation is available in
HTML format, and contains markup to facilitate access by the disabled community. Standards will continue to evolve over time, and Oracle is actively engaged with other market-leading technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be accessible to all of our customers. For additional information, visit the Oracle Accessibility
Program Web site at http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/
Accessibility of Code Examples in Documentation
JAWS, a Windows screen reader, may not always correctly read the code examples in this document.
The conventions for writing code require that closing braces should appear on an otherwise empty line; however, JAWS may not always read a line of text that consists solely of a bracket or brace.
Accessibility of Links to External Web Sites in Documentation
This documentation may contain links to Web sites of other companies or organizations that
Oracle does not own or control. Oracle neither evaluates nor makes any representations regarding the accessibility of these Web sites.
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Alphabetic List of SQL*Plus Commands
@{url | file_name[.ext]} [arg ...]
@@ { url | file_name[.ext] } [arg ...]
/ (slash)
ACC[EPT] variable [NUM[BER] | CHAR | DATE | BINARY_FLOAT | BINARY_DOUBLE]
[FOR[MAT] format] [DEF[AULT] default] [PROMPT text | NOPR[OMPT]] [HIDE]
*A[PPEND] text
ARCHIVE LOG {LIST | STOP} | {START | NEXT | ALL | integer} [TO destination]
ATTRIBUTE [ type_name.attribute_name [option...]]
BRE[AK] [ON report_element [action [action]]] ...
BTI[TLE] [ printspec [text | variable] ...] | [ON | OFF]
*C[HANGE] sepchar old [sepchar [new [sepchar]]]
CL[EAR] option ...
COL[UMN] [{ column | expr} [option ...]]
COMP[UTE] [ function [LAB[EL] text] ... OF {expr | column | alias} ...ON {expr | column | alias
| REPORT | ROW} ...]
CONN[ECT] [{ logon | /} [AS {SYSOPER | SYSDBA}]]
COPY {FROM database | TO database | FROM database TO database} {APPEND |
CREATE | INSERT | REPLACE} destination_table[(column, column, column, ...)] USING query
DEF[INE] [ variable] | [variable = text]
*DEL [ n | n m | n * | n LAST | * | * n | * LAST | LAST]
DESC[RIBE] {[ schema.]object[@connect_identifier]}
DISC[ONNECT]
*ED[IT] [ file_name[.ext]]
EXEC[UTE] statement
{EXIT | QUIT} [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable
| :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK]
*GET [FILE] file_name[.ext] [LIS[T] | NOL[IST]]
HELP | ? [ topic]
*HO[ST] [ command]
*I[NPUT] [ text]
4
L[IST] [ n | n m | n * | n LAST | * | * n | * LAST | LAST]
*PASSW[ORD] [ username]
PAU[SE] [ text]
PRI[NT] [ variable ...]
PRO[MPT] [ text]
{EXIT | QUIT} [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable
|
:BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK]
RECOVER { general | managed | BEGIN BACKUP | END BACKUP}
REM[ARK]
REPF[OOTER] [PAGE] [ printspec [text | variable] ...] | [ON | OFF]
REPH[EADER] [PAGE] [ printspec [text | variable] ...] | [ON | OFF]
R[UN]
*SAV[E] [FILE] file_name[.ext] [CRE[ATE] | REP[LACE] | APP[END]]
SET system_variable value
SHO[W] [ option]
SHUTDOWN [ABORT | IMMEDIATE | NORMAL | TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]
*SPO[OL] [ filename[.ext] [CRE[ATE] | REP[LACE] | APP[END]] | OFF | OUT]
STA[RT] { url | file_name[.ext] } [arg ...]
STARTUP options | upgrade_options
*STORE {SET} file_name[.ext] [CRE[ATE] | REP[LACE] | APP[END]]
TIMI[NG] [START text | SHOW | STOP]
TTI[TLE] [ printspec [text | variable] ...] | [ON | OFF]
UNDEF[INE] variable ...
VAR[IABLE] [ variable {NUMBER | CHAR | CHAR (n [CHAR | BYTE]) | NCHAR | NCHAR (n)
| VARCHAR2 ( n [CHAR | BYTE])| NVARCHAR2(n) | CLOB | NCLOB | REFCURSOR
| BINARY_FLOAT | BINARY_DOUBLE}]
WHENEVER OSERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | n | variable | :BindVariable]
[COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE[COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}
WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING |
n | variable
|
:BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}
*Commands not available in iSQL*Plus.
5
Starting iSQL*Plus
Use the following syntax in your web browser's URL field to display
iSQL*Plus.
http:// machine_name.domain:port/isqlplus[/dynamic?UserOpts] or to start iSQL*Plus with DBA privileges, use: http:// machine_name.domain/isqlplus/dba[/dynamic?DBAOpts] where UserOpts has the following syntax:
UserLogin | Script | UserLogin&Script where DBAOpts has the following syntax:
DBALogin | Script | DBALogin&Script where UserLogin has the following syntax: userid=username[/password] [@connect_identifier] where DBALogin has the following syntax: userid={username[/password] [@connect_identifier] | / } AS {SYSDBA | SYSOPER} and where Script has the following syntax: script=text[&type={url | text}] [&action={execute | load}] [&variable=value. . .]
Examples
To start iSQL*Plus, enter http:// machine_name.domain:port/isqlplus
To start iSQL*Plus with DBA Privileges, enter http:// machine_name.domain:port/isqlplus/dba
6
iSQL*Plus Navigation
The table lists navigation icons used to navigate in iSQL*Plus.
Icon Label
Logout
Purpose
Log out of the iSQL*Plus session, return to the Login screen.
Preferences Open the iSQL*Plus Preferences screen to set interface options, configure system options or change your password.
Help Open the iSQL*Plus Help in a new browser window.
iSQL*Plus Preferences
The table lists preferences that can be set in iSQL*Plus.
Navigation Path
Preferences
>
Interface Configuration
Preferences
>
System Configuration
Preferences
>
Change Password
Purpose
To change options which affect the iSQL*Plus user interface.
To change options which affect output formatting, script execution and database administration.
To change your Oracle database password.
iSQL*Plus Workspace Buttons
The table lists buttons in the iSQL*Plus Workspace, and their purpose.
Button
Execute
Load Script
Save Script
Cancel
Next Page
Clear
Purpose
To execute the contents of the Workspace.
To load a script into the Workspace. The script can be local, or loaded via HTTP or FTP.
To save the contents of the Workspace to a local file.
To interrupt a script during execution.
To view the next page of results.
To clear the script input and output areas.
7
Starting and Leaving SQL*Plus
Use the following commands to log in to and out of SQL*Plus.
SQLPLUS [[ option] [logon] [start]] where option has the following syntax:
-H[ELP]
| -V[ERSION]
| [ [-C[OMPATIBILITY] x.y[.z]] [-L[OGON]]
[-M[ARKUP] " mark_options"] [-R[ESTRICT] {1 | 2 | 3}] [-S[ILENT]] ]
where mark_options has the following syntax:
HTML [ON | OFF] [HEAD text] [BODY text] [TABLE text]
[ENTMAP {ON | OFF}] [SPOOL {ON | OFF}] [PRE[FORMAT] {ON | OFF}] where logon has the following syntax:
{ username[/password] [@connect_identifier] | /} [AS {SYSOPER | SYSDBA}]
| /NOLOG and where start has the following syntax:
@{url | file_name[.ext]} [arg ...]
{EXIT | QUIT} [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable
| :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK]
Commits or rolls back all pending changes, logs out of Oracle, terminates
SQL*Plus and returns control to the operating system.
In iSQL*Plus, commits or rolls back all pending changes, stops processing the current iSQL*Plus script and returns focus to the Workspace. In
iSQL*Plus, click the Logout button to log out of Oracle.
8
Starting Up and Shutting Down a Database
Starting up and shutting down a database requires DBA privileges.
STARTUP options | upgrade_options where options has the following syntax:
[FORCE] [RESTRICT] [PFILE= filename] [QUIET] [ MOUNT [dbname] |
[ OPEN [ open_options] [dbname] ] | NOMOUNT ] where open_options has the following syntax:
READ {ONLY | WRITE [RECOVER]} | RECOVER and where upgrade_options has the following syntax:
[PFILE= filename] {UPGRADE | DOWNGRADE} [QUIET]
Starts an Oracle instance with several options, including mounting and opening a database.
SHUTDOWN [ABORT | IMMEDIATE | NORMAL | TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]
Shuts down a currently running Oracle instance, optionally closing and dismounting a database.
Entering and Executing Commands
Use the following commands to execute and collect timing statistics on SQL commands and PL/SQL blocks.
/ (slash)
Executes the most recently executed SQL command or PL/SQL block which is stored in the SQL buffer. Does not list the command. Use slash (/) at the command prompt or line number prompt in SQL*Plus command line, or use slash (/) in the iSQL*Plus Workspace. The buffer has no command history and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
EXEC[UTE] statement
Executes a single PL/SQL statement or runs a stored procedure.
R[UN]
Lists and executes the most recently executed SQL command or PL/SQL block which is stored in the SQL buffer. The buffer has no command history and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
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TIMI[NG] [START text | SHOW | STOP]
Records timing data for an elapsed period of time, lists the current timer's name and timing data, or lists the number of active timers.
Use the following command to access the help system.
HELP | ? [ topic]
Accesses the command-line help system. Enter HELP INDEX or ? INDEX for a list of topics. In iSQL*Plus, you can also click the Help button to display iSQL*Plus online help. You can view SQL*Plus resources at http://otn.oracle.com/tech/sql_plus/
and the Oracle Database
Library at http://otn.oracle.com/documentation/
.
Use the following command to execute operating system commands.
HO[ST] [ command]
Executes an operating system command without leaving SQL*Plus. Enter
HOST without command to display an operating system prompt. You can then enter multiple operating system commands.
With some operating systems, you can use another character instead of
HOST such as "!" (UNIX) and "$" (Windows). See the Oracle installation and user's manuals provided for your operating system for details.
HOST is not available in iSQL*Plus.
Manipulating SQL, SQL*Plus and PL/SQL Commands
Use the following commands to edit SQL commands and PL/SQL blocks.
A[PPEND] text
Adds specified text to the end of the current line in the SQL buffer. To separate text from the preceding characters with a space, enter two spaces.
To append text that ends with a semicolon, end the command with two semicolons (a single semicolon is interpreted as a command terminator).
APPEND is not available in iSQL*Plus.
C[HANGE] sepchar old [sepchar [new [sepchar]]]
Changes first occurrence of old on the current line of the SQL buffer. You can use any non-alphanumeric character such as "/" or "!" as a sepchar. You can omit the space between CHANGE and the first sepchar. The buffer has no command history list and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
CHANGE is not available in iSQL*Plus.
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DEL [ n | n m | n * | n LAST | * | * n | * LAST | LAST]
Deletes one or more lines of the SQL buffer ("*" indicates the current line).
You can omit the space between DEL and n or *, but not between DEL and
LAST. Enter DEL with no clauses to delete the current line of the buffer.
The buffer has no command history list and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
DEL is not available in iSQL*Plus.
I[NPUT] [ text]
Adds one or more new lines of text after the current line in the SQL buffer.
The buffer has no command history list and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
INPUT is not available in iSQL*Plus.
L[IST] [ n | n m | n * | n LAST | * | * n | * LAST | LAST]
Lists one or more lines of the most recently executed SQL command or
PL/SQL block which is stored in the SQL buffer. Asterisk (*) indicates the current line. You can omit the space between LIST and n or *, but not between LIST and LAST. Enter LIST with no clauses to list all lines. The buffer has no command history list and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
Use the following commands to run scripts.
@ { url | file_name[.ext] } [arg ...]
Runs the SQL*Plus statements in the specified script. The script can be called from the local file system or a web server. You can pass values to script variables in the usual way.
Only the url form is supported in
i
SQL*Plus.
@@ { url | file_name[.ext] } [arg ...]
Runs the SQL*Plus statements in the specified script. This command is almost identical to the @ command. It is useful for running nested scripts because it has the additional functionality of looking for the specified script in the same path or url as the calling script.
Only the url form is supported in
i
SQL*Plus.
11
STA[RT] { url | file_name[.ext] } [arg ...]
Runs the SQL*Plus statements in the specified script. The script can be called from the local file system or a web server. You can pass values to script variables in the usual way.
Only the url form is supported in
i
SQL*Plus.
Use the following commands to create and modify scripts.
ED[IT] [ file_name[.ext]]
Invokes an operating system text editor on the contents of the specified file or on the contents of the SQL buffer. To edit the buffer contents, omit the file name. The buffer has no command history list and does not record
SQL*Plus commands.
EDIT is not available in iSQL*Plus.
GET file_name[.ext] [LIS[T] | NOL[IST]]
Loads a SQL statement or PL/SQL block from a file into the SQL buffer. In
iSQL*Plus click the Load Script button to load a script into the Workspace.
The buffer has no command history list and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
GET is not available in iSQL*Plus.
REM[ARK]
Begins a comment in a script. The REMARK command must appear at the beginning of a line, and the comment ends at the end of the line (a line cannot contain both a comment and a command). SQL*Plus does not interpret the comment as a command.
SAV[E] file_name[.ext] [CRE[ATE] | REP[LACE] | APP[END]]
Saves the contents of the SQL buffer in a file. In iSQL*Plus, click the Save
Script button to save the Workspace contents to a script. The buffer has no command history list and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
SAVE is not available in iSQL*Plus.
STORE {SET} file_name[.ext] [CRE[ATE] | REP[LACE] | APP[END]]
Saves attributes of the current SQL*Plus environment in a file.
STORE is not available in iSQL*Plus.
12
WHENEVER OSERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | n | variable
|
:BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}
Performs the specified action (exits SQL*Plus by default) if an operating system error occurs (such as a file writing error).
In iSQL*Plus, performs the specified action (stops the current script by default) and returns focus to the Workspace if an operating system error occurs.
WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable
|
:BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}
Performs the specified action (exits SQL*Plus by default) if a SQL command or PL/SQL block generates an error.
In iSQL*Plus, performs the specified action (stops the current script by default) and returns focus to the Workspace if a SQL command or PL/SQL block generates an error.
Use the following commands to write interactive commands.
ACC[EPT] variable [NUM[BER] | CHAR | DATE | BINARY_FLOAT | BINARY_DOUBLE]
[FOR[MAT] format] [DEF[AULT] default] [PROMPT text | NOPR[OMPT]] [HIDE]
Reads a line of input and stores it in a given substitution variable. In
iSQL*Plus, displays the Input Required screen for you to enter a value for the substitution variable.
DEF[INE] [ variable] | [variable = text]
Specifies a substitution variable and assigns a CHAR value to it, or lists the value and variable type of a single variable or all variables.
PAU[SE] [ text]
Displays the specified text then waits for the user to press RETURN. In
iSQL*Plus, displays the Next Page button which the user must click to continue.
PRO[MPT] [ text]
Sends the specified message or a blank line to the user's screen.
UNDEF[INE] variable ...
Deletes one or more substitution variables that you defined either explicitly
(with the DEFINE command) or implicitly (with a START command argument).
13
Use the following commands to create and display bind variables.
PRI[NT] [ variable ...]
Displays the current values of bind variables, or lists all bind variables.
VAR[IABLE] [ variable {NUMBER | CHAR | CHAR (n [CHAR | BYTE]) | NCHAR
| NCHAR ( n) | VARCHAR2 (n [CHAR | BYTE]) | NVARCHAR2(n) | CLOB | NCLOB |
REFCURSOR | BINARY_FLOAT | BINARY_DOUBLE}]
Declares a bind variable that can be referenced in PL/SQL, or lists the current display characteristics for a single variable or all variables.
Use the following symbols to create substitution variables and parameters for use in scripts.
& n
Specifies a parameter in a script you run using the START command.
START substitutes values you list after the script name as follows: the first for &1, the second for &2, and so on.
& user_variable, &&user_variable
Indicates a substitution variable in a SQL or SQL*Plus command. SQL*Plus substitutes the value of the specified substitution variable for each substitution variable it encounters. If the substitution variable is undefined,
SQL*Plus prompts you for a value each time an "&" variable is found, and the first time an "&&" variable is found.
. (period)
Terminates a substitution variable followed by a character that would otherwise be part of the variable name.
Formatting Query Results
Use the following commands to format, store and print your query results.
ATTRIBUTE [ type_name.attribute_name [option...]]
Specifies display characteristics for a given attribute of an Object Type column, such as the format of NUMBER data. Columns and attributes should not have the same names as they share a common namespace. Lists the current display characteristics for a single attribute or for all attributes.
14
Where option represents one of the following clauses:
ALI[AS] alias
CLE[AR]
FOR[MAT] format
LIKE {type_name.attribute_name|alias}
ON|OFF
BRE[AK] [ON report_element [action [action]]] ...
Specifies where changes occur in a report and the formatting action to perform, such as:
Q suppressing the display of duplicate values for a given column
Q
Q skipping a line each time a given column value changes (in iSQL*Plus, only when Preformatted Output is ON) printing computed figures each time a given column value changes or at the end of the report
Enter BREAK with no clauses to list the current BREAK definition.
Where report_element has the following syntax:
{ column | expr | ROW | REPORT} and where action has the following syntax:
[SKI[P] n | [SKI[P]] PAGE] [NODUP[LICATES] | DUP[LICATES]]
The SKIP option is not available in iSQL*Plus.
BTI[TLE] [ printspec [text | variable] ...] | [ON | OFF]
Places and formats a title at the bottom of each report page, or lists the current BTITLE definition. Use one of the following clauses in place of
printspec:
BOLD
CE[NTER]
COL n
FORMAT text
LE[FT]
R[IGHT]
S[KIP] [n]
TAB n
15
CL[EAR] option ...
Resets or erases the current value or setting for the specified option.
Where option represents one of the following clauses:
BRE[AKS]
BUFF[ER]
COL[UMNS]
COMP[UTES]
SCR[EEN]
SQL
TIMI[NG]
CLEAR SCREEN is not available in iSQL*Plus.
COL[UMN] [{ column | expr} [option ...]]
Specifies display attributes for a given column, such as:
Q text for the column heading
Q
Q alignment for the column heading format for NUMBER data
Q wrapping of column data
Also lists the current display attributes for a single column or all columns.
Where option represents one of the following clauses:
ALI[AS] alias
CLE[AR]
ENTMAP {ON | OFF}
FOLD_A[FTER]
FOLD_B[EFORE]
FOR[MAT] format
HEA[DING] text
JUS[TIFY] {L[EFT] | C[ENTER] | R[IGHT]}
LIKE { expr | alias}
NEWL[INE]
NEW_V[ALUE] variable
NOPRI[NT] | PRI[NT]
NUL[L] text
OLD_V[ALUE] variable
ON | OFF
WRA[PPED] | WOR[D_WRAPPED] | TRU[NCATED]
Enter COLUMN [{column |expr} FORMAT format] where the format element specifies the display format for the column.
16
To change the display format of a NUMBER column, use FORMAT followed by one of the elements in the following table:
$
0
Element Examples Description
, (comma)
9,999
. (period)
99.99
$9999
0999
9990
Displays a comma in the specified position.
Displays a period (decimal point) to separate the integral and fractional parts of a number.
Displays a leading dollar sign.
Displays leading zeros
Displays trailing zeros.
9
B
C
D
EEEE
G
L
MI
PR
RN rn
S
9999
B9999
Displays a value with the number of digits specified by the number of 9s. Value has a leading space if positive, a leading minus sign if negative. Blanks are displayed for leading zeroes. A zero (0) is displayed for a value of zero.
Displays blanks for the integer part of a fixed-point number when the integer part is zero, regardless of zeros in the format model.
C999
99D99
Displays the ISO currency symbol in the specified position.
Displays the decimal character to separate the integral and fractional parts of a number.
9.999EEEE
Displays value in scientific notation (format must contain exactly four "E"s).
9G999
Displays the group separator in the specified positions in the integral part of a number.
L999
9999MI
9999PR
RN rn
S9999
9999S
Displays the local currency symbol in the specified position.
Displays a trailing minus sign after a negative value.
Display a trailing space after a positive value.
Displays a negative value in <angle brackets>.
Displays a positive value with a leading and trailing space.
Displays uppercase Roman numerals.
Displays lowercase Roman numerals.
Value can be an integer between 1 and 3999.
Displays a leading minus or plus sign.
Displays a trailing minus or plus sign.
17
Element Examples Description
TM
U
TM
U9999
Displays the smallest number of decimal characters possible. The default is TM9. Fixed notation is used for output up to 64 characters, scientific notation for more than 64 characters. Cannot precede TM with any other element. TM can only be followed by a single 9 or E
Displays the dual currency symbol in the specified position.
COMP[UTE] [ function [LAB[EL] text] ... OF {expr | column | alias} ...ON {expr | column | alias
| REPORT | ROW} ...]
In combination with the BREAK command, calculates and prints summary lines using various standard computations. It also lists all COMPUTE definitions. The following table lists valid functions. All functions except
NUMBER apply to non-null values only. COMPUTE functions are always executed in the following sequence AVG, COUNT, MINIMUM,
MAXIMUM, NUMBER, SUM, STD, VARIANCE.
Function Computes
AVG Average of non-null values
Applies to Datatypes
NUMBER
All types COU[NT] Count of non-null values
MIN[IMUM]
MAX[IMUM]
Minimum value
Maximum value
NUMBER, CHAR, NCHAR,
VARCHAR2 (VARCHAR),
NVARCHAR2 (NCHAR VARYING)
NUMBER, CHAR, NCHAR,
VARCHAR2 (VARCHAR),
NVARCHAR2 (NCHAR VARYING)
All types
NUM[BER]
Count of rows
SUM
Sum of non-null values NUMBER
STD
Standard deviation of non-null values
NUMBER
VAR[IANCE] Variance of non-null values NUMBER
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REPF[OOTER] [PAGE] [ printspec [text | variable] ...] | [ON | OFF]
Places and formats a footer at the bottom of a report, or lists the current
REPFOOTER definition.
Where printspec represents one or more of the following clauses:
BOLD
CE[NTER]
COL n
FORMAT text
LE[FT]
R[IGHT]
S[KIP] [n]
TAB n
REPH[EADER] [PAGE] [ printspec [text | variable] ...] | [ON | OFF]
Places and formats a header at the top of a report, or lists the current
REPHEADER definition.
Where printspec represents one or more of the clauses shown for
REPFOOTER.
SPO[OL] [ filename[.ext] [CRE[ATE] | REP[LACE] | APP[END]] | OFF | OUT]
Stores query results in a file, or optionally sends the file to a printer. OFF stops spooling. OUT stops spooling and sends the file to your computer's default printer. Enter SPOOL with no clauses to list the current spooling status. If no file extension is given, the default extension, .lst or .lis, is used.
In iSQL*Plus, use the Preferences screen to direct output to a file.
SPOOL is not available in iSQL*Plus.
TTI[TLE] [ printspec [text | variable] ...] | [ON | OFF]
Places and formats a specified title at the top of each report page, or lists the current TTITLE definition. The old form of TTITLE is used if only a single word or a string in quotes follows the TTITLE command.
Where printspec represents one or more of the following clauses:
BOLD
CE[NTER]
COL n
FORMAT text
LE[FT]
R[IGHT]
S[KIP] [n]
TAB n
19
Accessing Databases
Use the following commands to access and copy data between tables on different databases.
CONN[ECT] [{ logon | /} [AS {SYSOPER | SYSDBA}]] where logon requires the following syntax: username[/password] [@connect_identifier]
Connects a given username to the Oracle Database. If you omit connect_
identifier, SQL*Plus connects you to the default database. If you omit
username and/or password, SQL*Plus prompts you for them. CONNECT followed by a slash (/) connects you using a default (OPS$) logon.
When you run a CONNECT command, the site profile, glogin.sql, and the user profile, login.sql, are processed in that order. CONNECT does not reprompt for username or password if the initial connection does not succeed.
DISC[ONNECT]
Commits pending changes to the database and logs the current user out of
Oracle, but does not exit SQL*Plus. In SQL*Plus command line, use EXIT or
QUIT to log out of Oracle and return control to your computer's operating system. In iSQL*Plus, click the Logout button to log out of Oracle.
COPY {FROM database | TO database | FROM database TO database} {APPEND |
CREATE | INSERT | REPLACE} destination_table[(column, column, column, ...)] USING query where database has the following syntax: username[/password]@connect_identifier
Copies data from a query to a table in the same or another database.
APPEND, CREATE, INSERT or REPLACE specifies how COPY treats the existing copy of the destination table (if it exists). USING query identifies the source table and determines which rows and columns COPY copies from it. COPY supports CHAR, DATE, LONG, NUMBER and VARCHAR2 datatypes.
PASSW[ORD] [ username]
Allows you to change a password without displaying it on an input device.
In iSQL*Plus, you can also use the Password screen to change your password.
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Miscellaneous
ARCHIVE LOG {LIST | STOP} | {START | NEXT | ALL | integer}[TO destination]
Starts or stops automatic archiving of online redo logs, manually (explicitly) archives specified redo logs, or displays information about redo log files.
DESC[RIBE] {[ schema.]object[@connect_identifier]}
Lists the column definitions for a table, view or synonym, or the specifications for a function or procedure.
RECOVER { general | managed | BEGIN BACKUP | END BACKUP} where the general clause has the following syntax:
[AUTOMATIC] [FROM location]
{ { full_database_recovery | partial_database_recovery | LOGFILE filename}
[ {TEST | ALLOW integer CORRUPTION | parallel_clause } [TEST | ALLOW integer
CORRUPTION | parallel_clause ]...]
|CONTINUE [DEFAULT] | CANCEL} where the full_database_recovery clause has the following syntax:
[STANDBY] DATABASE
[ {UNTIL {CANCEL | TIME date | CHANGE integer} | USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE}
[UNTIL {CANCEL | TIME date | CHANGE integer} | USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE]...] where the partial_database_recovery clause has the following syntax:
{TABLESPACE tablespace [, tablespace]...
| DATAFILE { filename | filenumber} [, filename | filenumber]...
| STANDBY {TABLESPACE tablespace [, tablespace]...
| DATAFILE { filename | filenumber} [, filename | filenumber]...}
UNTIL [CONSISTENT WITH] CONTROLFILE } where the parallel clause has the following syntax:
{ NOPARALLEL | PARALLEL [ integer ] } where the managed clause has the following syntax:
MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE recover_clause | cancel_clause | finish_clause where the recover_clause has the following syntax:
{ { DISCONNECT [ FROM SESSION ] | { TIMEOUT integer | NOTIMEOUT } }
| { NODELAY | DEFAULT DELAY | DELAY integer } | NEXT integer
| { EXPIRE integer | NO EXPIRE } | parallel_clause
| USING CURRENT LOGFILE | UNTIL CHANGE integer
| THROUGH { [ THREAD integer ] SEQUENCE integer
21
| ALL ARCHIVELOG | { ALL | LAST | NEXT } SWITCHOVER} }
[ DISCONNECT [ FROM SESSION ] | { TIMEOUT integer | NOTIMEOUT }
| { NODELAY | DEFAULT DELAY | DELAY integer } | NEXT integer
| { EXPIRE integer | NO EXPIRE } | parallel_clause
| USING CURRENT LOGFILE | UNTIL CHANGE integer
| THROUGH { [ THREAD integer ] SEQUENCE integer
| ALL ARCHIVELOG | { ALL | LAST | NEXT } SWITCHOVER} ]...
where the cancel_clause has the following syntax:
CANCEL [IMMEDIATE] [WAIT | NOWAIT] where the finish_clause has the following syntax:
[ DISCONNECT [ FROM SESSION ] ] [ parallel_clause ]
FINISH [ SKIP [ STANDBY LOGFILE ] ] [ WAIT | NOWAIT ] where the parallel_clause has the following syntax:
{ NOPARALLEL | PARALLEL [ integer ] }
Performs media recovery on one or more tablespaces, one or more datafiles, or the entire database.
Because of possible network timeouts, it is recommended that you use
SQL*Plus command-line, not iSQL*Plus, for long running DBA operations such as RECOVER.
SET system_variable value
Sets a system variable to alter the SQL*Plus environment settings for your current session. For example, to:
Q
Q set the display width for data customize HTML formatting
Q
Q enable or disable printing of column headings set the number of lines per page
In iSQL*Plus, you can also use the Preferences screen to set system variables.
Enter a system variable followed by a value as shown below:
SET APPI[NFO]{ON | OFF | text}
SET ARRAY[SIZE] {15 | n}
SET AUTO[COMMIT] {ON | OFF | IMM[EDIATE] | n}
SET AUTOP[RINT] {ON | OFF}
SET AUTORECOVERY {ON | OFF]
SET AUTOT[RACE] {ON | OFF | TRACE[ONLY]} [EXP[LAIN]] [STAT[ISTICS]]
SET BLO[CKTERMINATOR] {. | c | ON | OFF}
22
SET CMDS[EP] {; | c | ON | OFF}
SET COLSEP {_ | text}
SET COM[PATIBILITY] {V7 | V8 | NATIVE}
SET CON[CAT] {. | c | ON | OFF}
SET COPYC[OMMIT] {0 | n}
SET COPYTYPECHECK {ON | OFF}
SET DEF[INE] {& | c | ON | OFF}
SET DESCRIBE [DEPTH {1 | n | ALL}] [LINENUM {ON | OFF}] [INDENT {ON | OFF}]
SET ECHO {ON | OFF}
*SET EDITF[ILE] file_name[.ext]
SET EMB[EDDED] {ON | OFF}
SET ESC[APE] {\ | c | ON | OFF}
SET FEED[BACK] {6 | n | ON | OFF}
SET FLAGGER {OFF | ENTRY | INTERMED[IATE] | FULL}
*SET FLU[SH] {ON | OFF}
SET HEA[DING] {ON | OFF}
SET HEADS[EP] { | | c | ON | OFF}
SET INSTANCE [ instance_path | LOCAL]
SET LIN[ESIZE] {80 | n} (default is 150 in iSQL*Plus)
SET LOBOF[FSET] { n | 1}
SET LOGSOURCE [ pathname]
SET LONG {80 | n}
SET LONGC[HUNKSIZE] {80 | n}
SET MARK[UP] HTML [ON | OFF] [HEAD text] [BODY text] [TABLE text]
[ENTMAP {ON | OFF}] [SPOOL {ON | OFF}] [PRE[FORMAT] {ON | OFF}]
SET NEWP[AGE] {1 | n | NONE}
SET NULL text
SET NUMF[ORMAT] format
SET NUM[WIDTH] {10 | n}
SET PAGES[IZE] {14 | n}
SET PAU[SE] {ON | OFF | text}
SET RECSEP {WR[APPED] | EA[CH] | OFF}
SET RECSEPCHAR { | c}
SET SERVEROUT[PUT] {ON | OFF} [SIZE n] [FOR[MAT] {WRA[PPED]
| WOR[D_WRAPPED] | TRU[NCATED]}]
*SET SHIFT[INOUT] {VIS[IBLE] | INV[ISIBLE]}
*SET SHOW[MODE] {ON | OFF}
*SET SQLBL[ANKLINES] {ON | OFF}
SET SQLC[ASE] {MIX[ED] | LO[WER] | UP[PER]}
*SET SQLCO[NTINUE] {> | text}
*SET SQLN[UMBER] {ON | OFF}
SET SQLPLUSCOMPAT[IBILITY] { x.y[.z]}
*SET SQLPRE[FIX] {# | c}
*SET SQLP[ROMPT] {SQL> | text}
SET SQLT[ERMINATOR] {; | c | ON | OFF}
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*SET SUF[FIX] {SQL | text}
*SET TAB {ON | OFF}
*SET TERM[OUT] {ON | OFF}
*SET TI[ME] {ON | OFF}
SET TIMI[NG] {ON | OFF}
*SET TRIM[OUT] {ON | OFF}
*SET TRIMS[POOL] {ON | OFF}
SET UND[ERLINE] {- | c | ON | OFF}
SET VER[IFY] {ON | OFF}
SET WRA[P] {ON | OFF}
An asterisk (*) indicates the SET option is not supported in iSQL*Plus.
SHO[W] [ option]
Shows the value of a SQL*Plus system variable, or the current SQL*Plus environment. Enter any system variable set by the SET command in place of system_variable. SHOW SGA requires a DBA privileged login. Use one of the following terms or clauses in place of option: system_variable
ALL
BTI[TLE]
ERR[ORS] [ {FUNCTION | PROCEDURE | PACKAGE | PACKAGE BODY | TRIGGER
| VIEW | TYPE | TYPE BODY | DIMENSION | JAVA CLASS} [ schema.]name]
LNO
PARAMETERS [ parameter_name]
PNO
RECYC[LEBIN] [ original_name]
REL[EASE]
REPF[OOTER]
REPH[EADER]
SGA
SPOO[L] (Not available in
i
SQL*Plus)
SQLCODE
TTI[TLE]
USER
24
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Key features
Command syntax and examples
Starting and leaving SQL*Plus
Accessing databases
Formatting query results
Manipulating SQL commands
Running scripts
Creating and modifying scripts
Writing interactive commands
Creating and displaying bind variables
Setting and showing system variables
Frequently asked questions
You can start SQLPlus using the SQLPLUS command followed by the username, password, and connect identifier, or by using the iSQLPlus web interface.
Use the CONNECT command followed by the username, password, and connect identifier to connect to a database. If you omit the connect identifier, SQL*Plus connects you to the default database.
Use the COLUMN, BREAK, COMPUTE, and TTITLE commands to format the output of queries. You can customize the display of columns, add headings, and calculate summary statistics.