Hewlett-Packard 64941A Flexible Disc Drive Reference Manual

 HP64000
Logic Development
System
Model 64941A
Flexible Disc Drive
Reference Manual
HEWLETT
Г) РАСКАНО
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343H 01704
Da ev |||
BUSINESS REPLY CARD
FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 1303 COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
HEWLETT-PACKARD
Attn: Logic Publications Dept.
Centennial Annex - D2
P.O. Box 617
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901-0617
NO POSTAGE
NECESSARY
IF MAILED
IN THE
UNITED STATES
FOLD HERE
Your cooperation in completing and returning this form
will be greatly appreciated. Thank you.
READER COMMENT SHEET
Part Number: 64941-90906
Your comments are important to us. Please answer this questionaire and return it to us. Circle the number that best
describes your answer in questions 1 through 7. Thank you.
1. The information in this book is complete:
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2. The information in this book is accurate:
Too many errors 1 2 3 4 5 Exactly right
3. The information in this book is easy to find:
| can't find things | need 1 2 3 4 5 | can find info quickly
4. The Index and Table of Contents are useful:
Helpful 1 2 3 4 5 Missing or inadequate
5. What about the “how-to” procedures and examples:
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Printing History
Each new edition of this manual incorporates all material updated since the previous edition.
Manual change sheets are issued between editions, allowing you to correct or insert
information in the current edition.
The part number on the back cover changes only when each new edition is published. Minor
corrections or additions may be made as the manual is reprinted between editions. A vertical
bar on the edge of a page indicates a change from the previous edition.
First Printing ........ January 1982 (Part Number 64941-90901)
Second Edition... September 1982 (Part Number 64941-90904)
Third Edition ........ January 1983 (Part Number 64941-90905)
Fourth Edition....... January 1984 (Part Number 64941-90906)
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Flexible Disc Drive
Reference Manual
© COPYRIGHT HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 1982, 1983
LOGIC SYSTEMS DIVISION
COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO, U.S.A.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Flexible Disc Media
IntroducCtiON 2.0.0000 RER RER RR RER RE RRKERRR RR RR RER RR RER EK RR KR KR KK 1-1
Disc Handling Precautions... iii iti ete ieee ieee iii eee 1-2
Back up Discs Frequently ....0.000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000 EEE 0 0 1-2
Store Discs in Protective EnvelopeS 0.0.0000 ee ee ee 1-2
Clean Operating Environment... et ee 0 0 0 0 are... 1-2
Proper Temperature and Humidity ......... ii eee eee 1-3
Magnetic Fields .. oo i te i tet tte ee eee 1-3
Labeling Discs ........... et eet ee eee eee eee 1-3
Replace Discs Freguently.............oocoececcoacoracororeacoreavcacocerocrcroo nen 1-3
Don't Touch the Disc Surface ...................00000000000e0 e naaa... 1-3
Don't Bend or Fold a Disc vorrei eee eee eee eee eee eee a anne 1-3
Don't Try tO Clean a DISC... cov i ee ee eee ete settee ens 1-3
DISC SIrUCIUNE. «ti ee ee eee ee ete eee eee tea 1-4
Chapter 2: Operating the Disc Drive
Inserting and Removing a Disc ..........ooreenecoreaaoroaccrraeocrraconarecoenvaraao 2-1
Write Protection ............ _—._oceeecocrecoococaraocorererecoracoracorecarecaraceracaraoo 2-1
Chapter 3: Flexible Disc Commands
|ПНОЙЧСНОП .......... 2... неки нк еевовеон ново вовоов ново вовввовововнвввввввонинвевое 3-1
delete command .............oeeceeecoooorvrecococrrreaecararececorcarrecnaecorernao 3-2
directory command............ooeococccococcrororeoeeencarcocoacococrrererararcacacoo 3-3
floppy command ..........oooocecceocoocrocorerrrreeacacacacecocrrorrocorecrcarcerearo 3-4
restore command. .............oec-eeeoceccacrecocccororrerecovecacacecoconcocoronam 3-5
store command ...........oeeecececcccoorororororrrrecacacracoococrrrorareraararacere 3-7
verify command ............ooeéeeecroeccorecacerecooraeaaaroracorvraorrarecerveaao 3-10
Chapter 4: Flexible Disc Routines
INF OUCH ON «ee N 4-1
Accessing the RoUtiNeS. .... oe ee a aa aa aa ne 4-2
Format ROULINE oe eee a 0 ae aa a aa ae 4-3
Read Test and Write Test Routines .........120000 004 ee ee a ae aa a a aa nee 4-6
Duplicate Routine ...............o e a AA a da a ea ee A a a a ee a ee de a ee a a aa ae a aa aa ue 4-10
Compare Routine 102000004044 RR RR RER RR a a aa ae 4-12
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Table of Contents (Cont'd)
Chapter 5: System Software Module Manager
IntroducCtiON 0000ER RER RER RR R RR RR RER RR RR RR KK K KK EEERHKEn 5-2
Show Modules ............oeecoceecxoccoorrvercecocrrroarecacrenacecocoarecarorrrecarce, 5-3
Copying Modules .............eeeeeecorororecrrorerocererecrererece rre rererecrerere, 5-5
Removing Modules ............_.._eeeeecccccorrerroorereerreareoreorearrecreoraceran 5-9
Help Soft Key ...............eo_eeeeoccararracrrorrarioarorcacrecocoor carac a 000 0 5-11
Chapter 6: Logical Interchange Format
What is LIF?.................e.sses00reccorecracoraceocrecacaanocrarcacercamecroocereanee. 6-1
LIF Volumes...............ec_eeseccccocococrcrorerreracarcacocacacoaracareacarecacacco, 6-1
LIF Directory ............._eeocccrroccccororocecacacronaoococacecocrroracaoooaanroaro 6-1
LIF File Names ............. A eee ee 0 8 0 4 4 4e 8 4 8 8e ee 0 ee 0 0 a eee 6-1
LIF File Types...........020000 00 ae a ae ae ea ee 4 ee eee a 4 ee ee 0 0 0 8 ee 0 0 0 0 0 8 880 0 0 0 0 0 a sea 0 000 6-2
Mapping 64000 File Names to LIF File Names ................oe—eeceraocoreore reee. 6-2
LIF on the Model 64000 ..............eecoeoeococcoccororerecarecocoocccrrrorcorreracacecaoo 6-5
Format..........__eeococorcrrecocccorrrecoororareccocoreacacecrvaarococareroaoeoroonne 6-6
Duplicate ...........ooeceereoocoororeocecrrrrracacercarecarerarecoseraarecacerorecaro 6-7
Compare...........eoeeeeeocccororrecrearocoreocreorecracecarecieererecaoorecrerrare. 6-7
SO EEE 6-8
Restore tii ee eee eee ee eee 6-10
Verify ee ee ee ee ee 6-12
Delete «ot ete eee 6-14
BI C=Tei (0) d'A RER RR RRRRRRR RR RR RR R RR RK R RR RR RR R RK KR 6-15
Appendix A: LIF Implementation
Definitions eee ee eee ee a a 0 a au 00 A-1
Logical Media Layout............0204000 0440 ti tt ea a ea 4 4 ee 0 0 tie tea A-2
Volume Label o.oo eee ee eee ee 0 0 A-3
Xe lot 41) à MAS A-3
Eo AAA LA AAA RR RR RR 8 ee a a ee a 0 a ee ee a ee a a a ae 0 a ae» A-3
Volume Label o.oo ee ee ee a a a aa a aa 0 0 A-4
Directory Start Address .........12000 0000 aa ae a ae ea a ee eee a a a aa eee» A-4
L''L0] de ROMA A AAA AAA AA A-4
Length Of Directory «oo ee et ee ee ea A-4
Version Number ............eeeenccorcrerocoorrrecacoocrvececorreaaeerorvrenvcaoo, A-4
Words 21-126 ............eeecorsoccorrecorevonecaracaarecacraaocrecasrrvececreacar. A-4
\Мог@ 127 AAA евоооввввовововвовововввввовввввввее А-4
Directory ...........o_c_oocecrecoooccccocoracorarecorercacoaaccreacareaararcacoscreaacara A-5
Location .........oeeceeecoceecreeoorrccorreccrrarecrarvacacorecorvacacrecaorecace recen A-5
File Name ..........ooeoeeecocccocrrrecacorrrrecacoraracacoororcacacroararecroreaao A-5
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Table of Contents (Cont'd)
VI
MODEL 64000
FIle TYP. ttt te tee ts ee eee ee tee 0 a 0000 0 6 A-6
Starting Address. ................ ee eee ree ere eee eee A-6
Length Of File oe ei te tte tte ee 0 8e 0 0 ena en. A-6
Time of Creation 2.0.00 i tt i tte i tt te tee re eee A-6
Last Volume Flag ... oo ie eit te tet ete tet eee A-6
Volume Number ............oocoecreccocoooorrecococorercacocrrronececococeanecac o. A-7
Implementation. . ee ee ee eee A-7
Directory Organization..........040000 000444 a 4 ae 0 a ea 0 4 ee 0 ee 0 0 8 0 0 ee 0 0 0 0 a 0 see 0 aa 0 0 A-7
File Structure............eecececcocecccrconecorecoorracacoracrcnracoreecocancacacoraao A-7
Ko eee ee eee A-7
N A-8
Data EEE A-8
EXtensions .........._eñeeeecrecocrocorcccocococacocecrecararCororecnacrcacecrareceoceraoo A-8
Words 12-17 ...............-—esecacccecececacocareracorrrecacvacacacecCacoracacrrcere, A-9
Words 18-20.............ec_eeeccocvorecacoroorrreecccororecacecCacevacecoconrnaaaa. A-9
Flexible Disc Track Format............._e_ecoocccorecarocorrracorecorareceocrocrcece. A-9
Defective Track Marking .........020200000 004044 ea eee a ee eee 0 ee 0 niente ene, A-11
List of Illustrations
2-1. Disc Write Protection............1000000 00 aa ee a a ae ea a a ee a a a ee 0 a ae ee a eee 00 2-2
4-1. Soft Key Template for Utility Routines...........11000200000 04e ea a a a eee a a nee» 4-2
4-2. Selecting Disc to be Formatted............11002000 000 ea ae a a ea a ae ea ae ea a ae 00e 4-3
4-3. Formatting TraCkS 0.0.0000 i ie i a a ee a 4 a ee 0 a a ee a a a ee a a ae 0 4-4
4-4. Disc Formatting Complete ......000000000 0000000 RER ee 4-5
4-5. Selecting Disc for Write Test............12000000 004 een ae a eee aa nee a en aa ae ne 4-6
4-6. Time Limit Test or Test Indefinitely.........11200100 004 a aa a a ee a a aa a a ea a a aan ne 4-7
4-7. Selecting Write Test Time Limit ...................0 000 s00r0aoracecarecareco. 4-8
4-8. Two Minute Write Test of Disc O ............_..eeeeeccoororeocorrrroeoocacoo.. 4-9
4-9. Selecting Disc to be Duplicated ................eeooeeorcccorecoccarrereocaoo 4-10
4-10. Duplicating Disc 0 onto DisC 1... iii a ea a ea ae a a ea a ea anne 4-11
4-11. Duplication Process Complete cc. eee ieee een. 4-12
4-12. Disc O0 Compares with Disc 1......1102 0114 a a a ee a a ee a a aa a a a aa ae aa a ae 0 4-13
5-1. Soft Key Template Гог б5уз!ет Сепега!ог ..................................... 5-2
5-2. Show Modules (pressed Show) ...............eeomce0aacarre.0rearecacorecaren 5-3
5-3. Modules on Local Disc O..............eeeeew000aooeo.recoresorecrocecerecacareco 5-4
5-4. Copying Modules ...............eoeeoccccoooreorareorarraraarerieracoaararen. 5-5
MODEL 64000
5-5.
5-7.
5-8.
6-1.
A-1.
6-2.
A-1.
List of Illustrations (Cont'd)
Copying All Modules .............oeceeweo0cdccorrecocrecocoanan.
Copying All Modules (1п Ргосе$$) eee
Removing Modules ............ooeeveereeceeccccocrorrorenerree0o o.
Removing Module 3 from Local Disc 1 .........................
LIF Utes «ttt eee ee es ee ee eee ete eee eee eee 6
Linear Layout For Disc and Preformatted Tape Media ............
Example Medium Showing Tracks 02 and 05 as Defective ........
List of Tables
Default 64000 File Name to LIF File Name Mapping ..............
Default LIF File Name to 64000 File Name Mapping ..............
Minifloppy Physical Track Format ...............................
Vii
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
viii
Chapter 1
Flexible Disc Media
Introduction
This manual discusses the two flexible disc drives. In this first chapter, handling precautions
for the flexible disc media are defined. Chapter 2 discusses disc drive operation and Chapter3
discusses flexible disc commands. Chapter 4 explains the disc routines. Chapter 5 has an
explanation of the system generator. Chapter 6 concludes the manual with a discussion of
logical interchange format.
The Model 64000 uses a flexible disc, commonly called a minifloppy. The flexible disc is 133.4
mm (5-1/4 in.) in diameter with a 27.5 mm (1-1/8 in.) diameter hole for alignment on the disc
drive spindle. The disc is enclosed in a protective plastic jacket with a slot for head access to
the recording surface.
The flexible disc is a double-sided double-density type. Storage capacity of the unformatted
disc is 420 kilobytes. After formatting, storage capacity is 280 kilobytes. Each disc must be
formatted before it can be used. For convenience, format a supply of discs for future use. If a
disc must be formatted, you must leave the current program and enter the disc routines. The
formatting procedure is explained in Chapter 4, Flexible Disc Routines.
1-1
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
1-2
АЛЬ АР РРР РРР РР
УР) МР ed
PP
AAAS NNN INNIS
The selection and use of media is the customer’s responsibility.
For a package of ten HP media, order HP Part Number
92110A. HP reserves the right to exclude from warranty or
agreement any repairs for damage to HP products, which HP
reasonably determines or believes was caused by use of non-
HP media. HP will upon request repair such damage on a time
and materials basis.
To avoid potential damage or data loss, operate the system in
a clean environment. Dust, smoke, moisture, oil, chemical
vapor, or other foreign matter will cause your disc to wear out
prematurely and cause unreliable data storage and retrieval.
Disc Handling Precautions
The flexible disc is maintenance free; however, it is delicate and requires CAREFUL
HANDLING. Observe the following precautions to protect your valuable data and programs.
Back up Discs Frequently
Because there is always the possibility of losing data when mass storage devices are
accessed, back up discs frequently. Data loss can occur in many ways. Examples are:
programming bugs, hardware or power failure, or operator error. In addition, flexible disc
media can fail from contamination or wear. Frequent backup of disc files is good protection
against data loss.
Store Discs in Protective Envelopes
One of the most important handling precautions is to return discs to their storage envelopes
for protection from dust and scratches. Discs should also be filed upright in a dust free
container when not being used.
Clean Operating Environment
Airborne contaminants or particles dropped on a disc cause premature wear and can
interfere with data storage and retrieval. Common contaminants are dust, smoke, ashes, and
eraser crumbs. Chemical vapors can also cause premature wear.
MODEL 64000
MODEL 64000
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Proper Temperature and Humidity
The discs require the temperature be between +10°C (50°F) and +44°C (111°F) with 20% to
80% relative humidity. Discs will operate outside the normal humidity range; however, they
will have a shortened life and a higher error rate.
Magnetic Fields
Avoid magnetic fields. Data is stored as a pattern of magnetic fields on a disc, which can be
erased by an external magnetic field. Keep discs away from power transformers, magnets, or
large disc memories. In addition, avoid placing discs on top of CRTs with magnetic deflection
systems.
Labeling Discs
Use a soft, felt-tip pen to label a disc rather than a ball-point pen, which might damage the
disc surface. Write only in the label area or write on labels before applying them to the disc.
Replace Discs Frequently
Discs are designed for several million revolutions of useful life. However, disc life depends
heavily on how it is handled as well as how often it is used. For insurance, copy data to a new
disc and discard the old disc every three months for heavily used discs (more than two hours
a day). For lightly used discs, back them up at least once a year. If discs show wear, they
should be backed up immediately. |
Don't Touch the Disc Surface
Avoid touching the disc surface through the slot in the plastic jacket. The thickness of a
fingerprint can lift the head off the disc and cause errors. Also, the oil in a fingerprint can
collect dust, which will cause premature wear.
Don't Bend or Fold a Disc
Discs are flexible, but a crease will prevent proper operation. To avoid creases, ball-point
pens, rubber bands, and paper clips should not be used.
Don't Try to Clean a Disc
The disc is cleaned automatically by the inside surface of the disc jacket. Any attempt to
clean a disc can damage it, causing a loss of data. If a disc becomes dirty or scratched, back
it up and dispose of the old disc.
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Disc Structure
The flexible disc is a circular piece of plastic sealed in a plastic jacket. Bonded into the
surface of the disc is a ferromagnetic iron oxide with characteristics similar to magnetic tape.
Information is stored on the tracks of the disc in binary format as magnetized spots. A
modified frequency modulation (MFM) technique is used to increase bit density. The
information is stored and retrieved by read/write heads that contact the upper and lower
surfaces of the disc.
Data is stored in concentric tracks on each side of the disc. Each disc has 35 tracks per side,
numbered 0 through 34. One track on each side is not used, leaving 34 tracks for storage. The
outermost track is track 0. Every track is subdivided into 16 sectors using the HP format. Each
sector contains 256 bytes of information, which is the smallest amount of information that
can be written at one time. The disc is soft sectored; one index hole is punched in the disc to
indicate the start of the first sector. This hole is detected by an optical sensor in the disc
drive. There is no hardware indication of where the remaining sectors start; this is indicated
by information recorded on the disc.
Chapter 2
Operating the Disc Drive
Inserting and Removing a Disc
The disc only rotates during access; so, it can be left in the drive without concern for
unnecessary wear. The indicator light on each drive only lights during data access. Follow
these steps to insert a disc. Directions for horizontally mounted drives are in parentheses.
a. Open the door of the drive by pushing right (up) on the door lip.
b. Remove the disc from its protective envelope and carefully slide it into the drive, label
side to the right (top) and notch up (to left), until a soft click is heard.
c. Close the door by pushing left (down) on the door lip until the door locks. A disc can
be inserted while power is on without harming the disc.
To remove a disc, push to the right (up) on the door lip and pull the disc out. Always store the
disc in its protective envelope to prolong disc life.
Write Protection
Data and programs that are stored on a flexible disc can be protected from being
inadvertently written over. This write protection is obtained by covering a notch in the sealed
protective jacket as shown in figure 2-1. To cover the notch any opaque tape can be used. Be
certain not to touch the disc surface. As mentioned earlier, fingerprints can cause errors by
lifting the head off the disc and collect dust causing premature wear. To write on the disc, the
notch must be uncovered. HP discs are supplied with the notch uncovered, so that the disc
can be written on.
2-1
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
WRITE FOLD OVER TO
PROTECT NOTCH TAB BACK OF DISC
ги”
U I] [>]
— —
Г) © o o
O=| | |O=| | |O=
Figure 2-1. Disc Write Protection
2-2
Chapter 3
Flexible Disc Commands
NOTE
Except for the floppy command, these commands only apply
to the Model 64000 used with a bus disc. They do not apply to
a stand-alone station.
Introduction
There are six disc commands: store, restore, verify, delete, floppy, and directory. To access
и — о оо о= = — —
N
the commands, press the monitor soft key | -backup-- | None of the commands reference a
flexible disc drive by number. If a valid disc is present in one of the drives, the operation will
use this disc. If both drives have a valid disc, the operation will use both discs, as required,
starting with drive 0. If disc 0 is write protected, delete will terminate immediately. If both
discs are present, and only disc 1 is write protected, the file(s) on disc 0 will be deleted and
then delete will terminate.
The commands are explained on the following pages in alphabetical order. Refer to the
System Software Reference Manual for more details on the parameters in the commands.
3-1
MODEL 64000
delete I FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
SYNTAX
delete <FILE> [:<file type>]
Default Values
Examples:
delete SAM Deletes all types of files named SAM with current userid.
delete FILEA:source Deletes source file FILEA, current userid.
FUNCTION
Remove designated files from flexible discs.
DESCRIPTION
If only the file name is specified, all types with current userid are removed. If a file type is
specified, only that file name and type with current userid is removed.
STATUS MESSAGE
Deletion complete, files deleted = N of M
where:
N is the number of files actually deleted; M is the number of files on flexible disc.
3-2
MODEL 64000
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE NINE director
REFERENCE MANUAL y
SYNTAX
directory floppy _files [listfile <list destination>]
Default Values
Example:
directory floppy _files listfile printer
Lists all flexible disc files to the printer.
FUNCTION
Lists all flexible disc files.
DESCRIPTION
The directory command provides a means of listing the files that are on flexible disc. The
destination of the file listing can be another file, the station CRT display, the printer, or null. If
no listfile is specified, the user specified listfile default option is used.
3-3
MODEL 64000
floppy mun ua FE I5LE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
SYNTAX
floppy utilities
system_generator
3-4
FUNCTION
Floppy allows entry into the flexible disc routines (see Chapter 4) or the system generator
(see Chapter 5).
DESCRIPTION
The soft key utilities | accesses the five utility routines: format, read test, write test,
--—-- — ,
duplicate, and compare. The soft key N sys_gen | accesses the system generator. The
system generator allows the operator to snow, copy, or remove system modules on the bus
disc(s) or flexible disc(s).
MODEL 64000
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE IEEE estore
REFERENCE MANUAL
SYNTAX
_
в
restore <file group>[:<file type>][<date qualifier>] *from_dc600
[<DC600#>][into_disc <DISC#>]
[listfile <list destination>]
*Appears only on systems with a bus disc that includes an integral streaming tape unit.
Default Values
<DC600#> Defaults to the first streaming tape backup drive on system bus;
logical unit 8 (8 to 15 is allowed).
<DISC#> Defaults to bus disc logical unit O (0 to 7 is allowed).
<file group> Defaults to files of any name with current userid on all bus discs.
<file type> Default is to all types.
<date qualifier> If no date qualifier is specified, dates are ignored and do not affect
files stored to flexible disc.
<list destination> Defaults to user specified listfile default. )
Examples:
restore Restores from flexible disc, all files with current userid and all types
to first available bus disc, starting with logical unit 0. Only one copy
of each file is restored.
restore FILEA:source Restores from flexible disc, source file FILEA with current userid to
first available bus disc, starting with logical unit O.
restore FILEB:absolute
Restores from flexible disc, file FILEB, current userid, type
absolute to first available bus disc, starting with logical unit О.
3-5
MODEL 64000
restore mu FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
(Cont'd) REFERENCE MANUAL
FUNCTION
Restore is used to copy a file(s) on flexible disc to the bus disc. Information must be in HP
64000 Disc Format.
DESCRIPTION
The restore command allows the user to retrieve backup files from flexible disc. Files stored
on flexible disc with another system can be restored, providing HP 64000 Disc Format was
used in creating the files.
Users with bus discs that include a tape backup can restore from backup if the disc has been
stored to backup. This can be done all at once or by FILENAME.
STATUS MESSAGE
Restore complete, files restored = N of M
where:
N is the number of files actually restored to the bus disc; M is the number of files on
flexible disc.
ERROR MESSAGES
NOT restored file exists
NOT restored corrupt file
NOT restored corrupt file on floppy disc
NOT restored illegal disc
3-6
MODEL 64000
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE BE S TO l'E
REFERENCE MANUAL
SYNTAX
ÓN
a store [<file group>][:<file type>][<date qualifier>]
[‘to_dc600 [<DC600#>] [from_disc' <DISC#>] [certify]
[listfile <list destination>]
*Appears only on systems with a bus disc that includes an integral
streaming tape unit; if certify is not specified, no certify is
performed unless streaming tape has never been certified.
« —
Default Values
<DC600#> Defaults to the first streaming tape backup drive on system bus:
logical unit 8 (8 to 15 allowed).
<DISC#> Defaults to bus disc logical unit 0.
<file group> Defaults to files of any name with current userid on all bus discs.
<file type> If no file type is specified, the types “source”, “emul_com”,
“link _com”, and “trace” are assumed.
<date qualifier> If no date qualifier is specified, dates are ignored and do not affect
files stored to flexible disc.
UC <list destination> Defaults to user specified listfile default. J
Examples:
store Stores (overwriting previous files) all “source”, “emul_com”,
“link_com” and “trace” type files to flexible disc.
3-7
MODEL 64000
stores FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
(Cont'd) REFERENCE MANUAL
store X:all userids:source
Stores all files named X with any userid of type “source” to flexible
disc from all bus discs.
store all_files modified after 15/4/80
Stores all files of type “source”, “emul_com”, “link_com”, and
“trace” with current userid modified after 15 April, 1980 to flexible
disc from all bus discs.
store all_files:1:DON
Stores all “source”, “emul_com”, “link _com”, and “trace” type files
from bus disc #1 with userid DON to flexible disc.
FUNCTION
Store is used to copy a bus disc file(s) to flexible disc.
DESCRIPTION
The information is stored in HP 64000 Disc Format. To facilitate a regular “backup” of files on
bus disc, it is possible to store to flexible disc only those files modified (or accessed) since
the last backup. The third example above shows a command for storing only those files
modified after a given date.
STATUS MESSAGE
Store complete, files stored = N of M
where:
N is the number of files actually stored on flexible disc. M is the number of files on bus
disc.
It is important to remember only “source”, “emul_com”, “link_com”, and “trace” type
files are stored as the default. Other file types can be regenerated and do not require
backup.
3-8
MODEL 64000
ARE Ke — store
REFERENCE MANUAL (Contd)
ERROR MESSAGES
NOT stored file exists
NOT stored corrupt file
NOT stored corrupt file on floppy disc
NOT stored illegal disc
3-9
MODEL 64000
verify SSS FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
SYNTAX
REFERENCE MANUAL
verify
| <file group>[:<file type>][<date qualifier>] |
[listfile <list destination>]
Default Values
<file group>
<file type>
<date qualifier>
Examples:
verify
verify FILEA:source
FUNCTION
Defaults to files of any name with current userid on all bus discs.
If no date qualifier is specified, dates are ignored and do not affect
Default is to all types. |
files compared. |
All flexible disc files are compared with files on bus disc with
current userid and all types.
Flexible disc source file FILEA, current userid is compared with the
first copy of this file found on bus disc.
Compares a file(s) on flexible disc with the same file(s) on bus disc(s).
DESCRIPTION
The verify command will compare files on flexible disc with the same files on bus disc. The
file or files can be qualified by name, userid, bus disc number, type, and date. Source and
listing files will verify with differences in the number of trailing blanks in their records. All
other files must match exactly.
3-10
MODEL 64000
FLEXIBLE DISC DAVE EN Verify
REFERENCE MANUAL (Cont'd)
STATUS MESSAGE
Verify complete, files verified = N of M
where:
N is the number of files actually verified between flexible disc and bus disc; M is the
number of files on flexible disc.
ERROR MESSAGES
NOT verified file not found
NOT verified corrupt file
NOT verified corrupt file on floppy disc
NOT verified illegal disc
NOT verified files not identical
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Chapter 4
Flexible Disc Routines
Introduction
There are five utility routines available for the flexible disc drives: format, read test, write test,
duplicate, and compare. The Model 64000 uses soft-sectored flexible disc media. Each disc
must be formatted with the format routine before it can be used for storage. In soft sectoring,
there is one index hole on the disc and software divides the disc into sectors. The read test
reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. It does not destroy the information on the
disc. The write test writes to random areas on the disc and then checks what was written by
reading these areas. The duplicate routine duplicates an entire disc to another disc (any
information on this disc would be overwritten). Both discs must have no unreadable or
unwritable tracks. The compare routine compares the information on one disc to the
information on another disc. In the following paragraphs, each of the utilities is explained
with illustrations and accompanying text.
AAAI NINN INNIS
С
>
с
=
O
Z
POPOV POV OOOO OU
NWA A An
Format or write test will destroy any information on a disc.
Use a scratch disc for the write test. After a write test, reformat
the disc. Discs that are partially copied or partially formatted
must be reformatted before being used.
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
4-2
Accessing the Routines
If the Model 64000 is used with a bus disc, the routines are accessed by pressing the monitor
UN = = — == = — — —
soft keys :-backup--¡ and then i floppy | . If the Model 64000 is a stand-alone station, just
и — — — — — = — —
press the : floppy | soft key. At this point, | utilities | and _ sys-gen | soft keys will be
floppy utilities
ZDCHAMD
After pressing figure 4-1 shows the resulting display. The soft key template at the bottom
offers a choice of | format | | read test | wrt_test y o duplicate | or | compare |
N
Pressing N end | and i returns the Model 64000 to the monitor mode.
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If
a destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to
format should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing,
the disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must
have no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Awaiting request 9:35
format read_test wrt._test duplicate compare end
Figure 4-1. Soft Key Template for Utility Routines
MODEL 64000
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Format Routine
line the disc number to be formatted must be entered (0 or 1). The soft key | <Disc> |
replaces the STATUS line with: с,
ENTER: Disc number ( 0 or 1) NO DEFAULT
NOTE
Remember, the format routine will destroy any information on
the disc.
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If a
destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to format
should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing, the
disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must have
no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Awaiting request 9:39
format_disc —
<DISC>
Figure 4-2. Selecting Disc to be Formatted
4-3
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
4-4
pass). You have a choice at this point. If you press , the disc will be formatted in the
N
normal manner; a data pattern is written to each track and then read back. A display similar to
figure 4-3 results. After all tracks and both sides are formatted, the pages are formatted anda
STATUS line similar to the following is displayed.
STATUS: creating free list on disc 1, page 83 (4 prev. pages = 12)
\
If both the f mult_pass
тост
| and keys are pressed, data patterns are written to each
track and read back four times (four passes). The formatting process will take four times as
long, but you can have a higher degree of confidence in the disc. The only difference in the
display between the two methods, is the addition of “(pass = pass no.)”inthe STATUS line with
multiple pass.
If there is a problem with the disc, the status line will read:
ERROR: Disc 1 bad: format failed
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If a
destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to format
should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing, the
disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must have
no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Awaiting request 9:42
format_disc 1
Figure 4-3. Formatting Tracks
MODEL 64000
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
The display in figure 4-4 signifies the disc has been formatted.
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If a
destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to format
should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test. writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing, the
disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must have
no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Disc 1 formatting completed 9:44
_format_disc 1
format copy verify read_test wrt_test end
Figure 4-4. Disc Formatting Complete
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Read Test and Write Test Routines
Because the displays are similar, only examples of the write test will be given. In figure 4-5,
~
the | wrt_test | soft key has been pressed. At this point, the disc number for the write test
x
— = о о — и -
must be entered in the command line. The | <DISC> | prompt will ask for disc 0 or 1.
Na
Remember, the write test will destroy any information on the disc. Also, reformat the disc
after a write test.
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If
a destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to
format should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing,
the disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must
have no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Awaiting request 9:58
write_test_disc -
<DISC>
Figure 4-5. Selecting Disc for Write Test
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
In the example in figure 4-6, disc 1 has been selected for the write test. The soft key template
now offers a choice of a time limit test or test indefinitely. In this example, a time limit test will
be selected.
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If
a destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used! ;
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to
format should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing,
the disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must
have no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Awaiting request 10:00
write_test_disc 1_
time_Imt indef
Figure 4-6. Time Limit Test or Test Indefinitely
4-7
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
x
\
In figure 4-7, the | time_Imt ı soft key has been pressed. Now the number of minutes for the
—_—— me — 7 — — — — —
rc N
test must be entered in the command line. The | <minutes- |! prompt will replace the STATUS
line with: ’
ENTER: Minutes of testing NO DEFAULT
The time limit for the test can be 0 to 32767 minutes.
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If
a destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to
format should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing,
the disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must
have no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Awaiting request 10:02
write_test_disc 1 time_limit _
<MINUTES>
Figure 4-7. Selecting Write Test Time Limit
4-8
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
ZDCAMD
In this example, 2 (minutes) was entered and pressed. À display during the test is shown
in figure 4-8. At the completion of the test, the STATUS line will show:
STATUS: disc 1 test completed
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Test Utility
--Time--
Minutes of testing : 1
--Seek--
Total seeks ( hundreds ) : 1
Seek retries : 0
Seek errors : 0
--Read--
Total reads ( 10 K bytes ) : 5
Read retries : 0
Read Errors : 0
--Write--
Total writes (10 K bytes ): 46
Write retries 0
Write errors : 0
--Write Verified By Read--
Total verifies ( 10 K bytes ) : 5
Verify errors : 0
STATUS: Testing disc 1 10:06
write_test_disc 1 time_limit 2
Figure 4-8. Two Minute Write Test of Disc 0
In figure 4-8, the term “retries” signifies a soft error. The software tried to seek, read, or write
and failed, but recovered. Seek, read, and write errors are hard errors where the software
failed to recover. Total verifies are the total number of 10k bytes written to the disc
successfully, read successfully, and what was written and read is the same (verifies). In a
verify error, the software writes and reads successfully, but they do not match.
4-9
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
4-10
Duplicate Routine
Figure 4-9 shows the display after the duplicate | soft key is pressed. Note in the command
„og
line the disc number to be duplicated must be entered (0 or 1). The <DISC>
ask for disc number 0 or 1:
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If
a destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to
format should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing,
the disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must
have no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Awaiting request 9:46
duplicate_disc
Figure 4-9. Selecting Disc to be Duplicated
\
\
|
+
MODEL 64000
prompt will
MODEL 64000
In this example, disc 0 is to be duplicated. After entering 0 and pressing
process begins. Figure 4-10 shows a sample display.
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
ZICAMD
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If
a destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to
format should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing,
the disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must
have no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Duplicating track 13, side 1 of disc 0 onto disc 1 9:52
duplicate disc O
Figure 4-10. Duplicating Disc 0 onto Disc 1
the duplication
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
After the disc has been duplicated, a display similar to figure 4-11 signifies the process is
complete. At this point, the soft key template with all the routines returns.
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If
a destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to
format should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing,
the disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must
have no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Duplication of disc 0 onto disc 1 completed 9:53
duplicate disc O
format read_test wrt_test duplicate compare end
Figure 4-11. Duplication Process Complete
Compare Routine
NOTE
Unless the disc to be compared was duplicated with the
duplicate routine, it may not compare. This could be caused
by a difference in date qualifier or physical location of the
file(s) on the disc.
N
\
When the \ compare ¡| soft key is pressed, the command line changes to:
4
compare_discs_
After pressing , a display similar to figure 4-12 results if the discs are identical.
ZDCAMD
4-12
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
HP 64000 Floppy Disc Utilities
WARNING
The disc utilities provided for here have the capability of destroying all current
information on a disc. Once a utility is initiated, it should not be halted. IMPORTANT: If
a destructive operation fails or a write test is performed, the disc should be reformatted
before being used!
The following utilities are provided:
format: formats the desired disc to HP 64000 specifications. A disc which fails to
format should be discarded.
read test: reads random areas on the disc and reports errors (does not destroy current
information on the disc).
write test: writes and reads random areas on the disc and reports errors. After testing,
the disc should be reformatted before being used.
duplicate: creates a duplicate of the desired disc on the other disc (both discs must
have no unreadable/unwritable tracks). A partially duplicated disc should be
reformatted before being used.
compare: compares both discs to see if they contain identical information.
STATUS: Comparison of disc 0 with 1 completed; discs are identical ———— _______ 9:56
compare_discs
format read.test _Wwrt.test duplicate compare
Figure 4-12. Disc 0 Compares with Disc 1
If the discs are not the same, the STATUS line displays:
ERROR: Comparison of disc 0 with 1 failed: discs are NOT identical.
4-13
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
4-14
Chapter 5
System Generator
NOTE
Using the system generator locks the database. In a cluster
environment, other stations are refused access while this
utility is being used. A message to this effect will be displayed
if another station attempts to access the system software
database. The message will display the HP-1B address of the
station currently accessing the database.
In the event of power failure while using the system generator,
the database might remain locked. To release the database it
must be accessed from the original station (HP-IB address will
be displayed on all stations in the cluster). Using the show
command (described in this chapter) will release the
database.
If an attempt is made to write to a write protected disc, the
following inverse video message will appear near the top of
the display:
DISC IS WRITE PROTECTED
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Introduction
The Model 64000 system software is composed of various modules. Each module is a
collection of different interrelated system files that are necessary in a product; for example,
the editor or an emulator. When a disc configuration must be changed or one or more
modules must be replaced with new versions, use the system generator to change the
software.
The system generator allows any of the system modules on the bus disc system or local disc
system to be copied from bus disc to bus disc, local disc to local disc, bus disc to local disc,
or local disc to bus disc. System modules can also be removed or just displayed (show). If the
Model 64000 is used with a bus disc, access the system generator by pressing the monitor
soft key " -backup-- | followed by the f floppy à soft key. If the Model 64000 is a stand-alone
т N
! !
station, just press the г floppy soft key. At this point, utilities | and | sys-gen | soft
keys will be displayed. Press the | sys_gen ! soft key and the command line will display:
\
After pressing i. figure 5-1 shows the resulting display. The soft key template at the
bottom offers a choice of : show |, | copy | , ¡ remove | or \ help | Pressing
end | and returns the Model 64000 to the monitor mode.
System Generator
The model 64000 system software is composed of various modules. Each module can
be a collection of different interrelated system files that are necessary in a product; for
example, the editor or an emulator. When a disc configuration must be changed or one
or more modules must be replaced with new versions, use the following commands to
change the system software:
show -the modules currently on a disc.
copy -a module from one disc to another.
remove -a module from a disc. CAUTION: This will cause a
permanent loss of the module!
STATUS: Awaiting command 11:24
show copy remove help end
Figure 5-1. Soft Key Template for System Generator
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Show Modules
The | show | soft key will display all the system modules that reside on either local discs
\
\ UA 1
or bus discs. Figure 5-2 shows the display after the , show | soft key is pressed. The soft
key template is requesting the location of the modules: local disc or bus disc.
NOTE
Only the “local” soft key will appear on a stand-alone station.
System Generator
The model 64000 system software is composed of various modules. Each module can
be a collection of different interrelated system files that are necessary in a product; for
example, the editor or an emulator. When a disc configuration must be changed or one
or more modules must be replaced with new versions, use the following commands to
change the system software:
show -the modules currently on a disc.
copy -a module from one disc to another.
remove -a module from a disc. CAUTION: This will cause a
permanent loss of the module!
STATUS: Awaiting command 11:26
show_modules_on
local bus_disc
Figure 5-2. Show Modules (pressed show)
In this example, “local” is selected and the command line reads:
show_modules_on local_disc
5-3
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
5-4
soft key and ¡ and press . The module numbers and names with their
тоста
creation date and number of pages stored (size) will be listed; first disc on the left of the
screen and second disc (if any) on the right. The list of modules on local disc 0 is shown in
figure 5-3.
After the modules are listed, the total pages left on the disc will be shown with the number of
bytes stored per page. The number of bytes stored per page will vary with the device used for
storage. For example, bus disc page size is 4K bytes and flexible disc page size is 2K bytes.
System Generator
System modules on local disc +0
Module name Date Size
1 FLOPPY_OP_SYS 1 Apr 1981 0
2 MONITOR 1 Mar 1981 12
3 EDITOR 1 Mar 1981 10
4 DEVICES 1 Mar 1981 0
5 COPY 1 Mar 1981 9
6 BASIC_SYSTEM 1 Apr 1981 15
7 DIRECTORY 1 Mar 1981 3
8 TAPE 1 Mar 1981 11
9 SYS_GEN 10 Nov 1981 17
10 FLOPPY_UTILITIES 10 Oct 1981 5
Pages left (2K bytes) = 10
STATUS: Awaiting command 11:29
show_modules_on local_disc 0
show copy remove help end
Figure 5-3. Modules on Local Disc 0
MODEL 64000
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Copying Modules
ENTER: module number.
System Generator
The model 64000 system software is composed of various modules. Each module can
be a collection of different interrelated system files that are necessary in a product; for
example, the editor or an emulator. When a disc configuration must be changed or one
or more modules must be replaced with new versions, use the following commands to
change the system software:
show -the modules currently on a disc.
copy -a module from one disc to another.
remove -a module from a disc. CAUTION: This will cause a
permanent loss of the module!
STATUS: Awaiting command 11:31
copy —
<MODULE> <NUMBER>- all
Figure 5-4. Copying Modules
If you are uncertain of module names and numbers, you can list all modules residing on a
disc using the г show A soft key explained earlier.
When the soft key ' all | is pressed, the display in figure 5-5 results.
5-5
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
MODEL 64000
The soft key template now shows | from ¡ . The request is for the location of the module
or modules. Pressing | from \ changes the soft key template to:
N Lai N
ı local | | bus_disc
A N +
NOTE
Only the “local” soft key will appear on a stand-alone station.
System Generator
The model 64000 system software is composed of various modules. Each module can
be a collection of different interrelated system files that are necessary in a product; for
example, the editor or an emulator. When a disc configuration must be changed or one
or more modules must be replaced with new versions, use the following commands to
change the system software:
show -the modules currently on a disc.
copy -a module from one disc to another.
remove -a module from a disc. CAUTION: This will cause a
permanent loss of the module!
STATUS: Awaiting command 11:36
copy all_modules
from
Figure 5-5. Copying All Modules
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
command line reads:
copy all_modules from local _disc _
and the soft key template changes to:
„от ооо —
„= = — — — — — —
Но к a=”
In this example, the modules are to be stored on local disc 1. After pressing | local | the
и — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — —
N
| <Disc#> ! prompt appears. After entering 1, the soft key template is blank and the command
\
Ne и
line reads:
copy all_modules from local_disc 0 to local_disc 1
ZDCAMD
After pressing the STATUS line displays in rapid succession:
STATUS: Locking database
Then,
STATUS: Removing module NAME
Next,
STATUS: Updating database
Since in this example all modules are being copied, the STATUS line shows the first module
on disc 0:
STATUS: Copying module NAME OF FIRST MODULE
After this first module is copied, the STATUS line changes to:
STATUS: Updating database
The display now shows all the module names and numbers on the source disc at the left of
the display and lists any modules already on the destination disc at the right. The first module
copied is listed at the top of the right dispiay or under any modules already on the destination
disc (see figure 5-6). The process is repeated until all the modules are copied.
5-7
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
System Generator
System modules on local disc # 0
Pages left (2K bytes) = 10
STATUS: Updating database
Module name Date
1 FLOPPY_OP_SYS 1 Apr 1981
2 MONITOR 1 Mar 1981
3 EDITOR 1 Mar 1981
4 DEVICES 1 Mar 1981
5 COPY 1 Mar 1981
6 BASIC_SYSTEM 1 Apr 1981
7 DIRECTORY 1 Mar 1981
8 TAPE 1 Mar 1981
9 SYS_GEN 10 Nov 1981
10 FLOPPY_UTILITIES 10 Oct 1981
Size
0
12
10
0
9
15
3
11
17
5
System modules on local disc # 1
Module name Date
1 FLOPPY_OP_SYS 1 Apr 1981
Pages left (2K bytes) = 75
copy all-modules from local_disc
0 to local_disc 1
Size
0
11:44
Figure 5-6. Copying All Modules (In Process)
MODEL 64000
If only one module is to be copied, the STATUS line messages are similar and the display lists
this module at the end of the list on the right of the display.
5-8
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Removing Modules
NOTE
Modules removed are permanently lost.
System Generator
The model 64000 system software is composed of various modules. Each module can
be a collection of different interrelated system files that are necessary in a product; for
example, the editor or an emulator. When a disc configuration must be changed or one
or more modules must be replaced with new versions, use the following commands to
change the system software:
show -the modules currently on a disc.
copy -a module from one disc to another.
remove -a module from a disc. CAUTION: This will cause a
permanent loss of the module!
STATUS: Awaiting command 11:46
remove -”
<MODULE> <NUMBER> all
Figure 5-7. Removing Modules
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
In the command line there is a choice of module name, module number, or all modules on a
— = = = — —
ENTER: module name.
The soft key | -numeer- | replaces the STATUS line with:
ENTER: module number.
As an example, local disc system module 3 will be removed from local disc 1. Number “3” is
entered and the soft key template changes to:
1 from |
The soft key prompt from requests the location of the module or modules. Pressing
i from | Changes the soft key template to:
о ‘local 5 ; bus _disc |
NOTE
example 1 is entered. After pressing , the STATUS line changes as follows:
STATUS: Locking database.
STATUS: Removing module NAME
STATUS: Updating database
STATUS: Unlocking database
STATUS: Remove complete
Then, the display lists the remaining system modules and returns the initial soft key template
(see figure 5-8).
5-10
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
System Generator
System modules on local disc # 1
Module name Date Size
1 FLOPPY_OP_SYS 1 Apr 1981 0
2 MONITOR 1 Mar 1981 12
3 DEVICES 1 Mar 1981 0
4 COPY 1 Mar 1981 9
5 BASIC_SYSTEM 1 Apr 1981 15
6 DIRECTORY 1 Mar 1981 3
7 TAPE 1 Mar 1981 11
8 SYS_GEN 10 Nov 1981 17
9 FLOPPY_UTILITIES 10 Oct 1981 5
Pages left (2K bytes) = 20
STATUS: Remove complete : 11:49
remove 3 from local_disc 1
show copy remove help end
Figure 5-8. Removing Module 3 from Local Disc 1
short description of each soft key is also included.
5-11
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
5-12
Chapter 6
Logical Interchange Format
What is LIF?
LIF stands for Logical Interchange Format. It is a method for organizing information on
flexible discs and other removeable media. Hewlett-Packard has adopted LIF as a corporate
standard for interchanging files via removeable media. LIF provides a means to transfer files
among various HP products with a minimum of customer interaction.
LIF Volumes
A LIF volume is a disc that has been formatted to LIF specifications. A LIF volume has a
volume label at a known location. The volume label contains information about the disc
including the location and length of the directory. The volume label is created when medium
is initialized or “formatted” using the “format_disc” command described later in this chapter.
Another piece of information in the volume label is the volume name. All LIF discs formatted
on the Model 64000 have the volume name “HP64K”.
LIF Directory
The directory on a LIF volume allows the files on the disc to be easily located. The length of
the directory is variable. Volumes created on the Model 64000 have a directory that can
contain a maximum of 112 files.
Each directory entry includes the following items: file name, type, location and length of the
file, and the file creation date.
LIF File Names
LIF file names consist of 1 to 10 characters. The characters must be the uppercase alphabetic
characters A through Z, the digits 0 through 9, or the underscore character. The first
character must be an uppercase alphabetic character.
A file name must be unique on a LIF volume. There are no userids as with 64000 discs.
6-1
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
6-2
LIF File Types
Each file on a LIF volume has a file type. The types are explained below.
ASCII - A LIF ASCII file is an interchangeable file that contains operator-readable data.
For example, source and listing files from the Model 64000 are put into ASCII files
on LIF volumes.
BINARY - A LIF BINARY file is an interchangeable file that contains data that is not readable
by the operator. For example, relocatable and absolute files from the Model 64000
are put into BINARY files on LIF volumes.
Reserved types -
Other file types appear in the directory as a signed integer. For example, a file
might have a type —2001. These files are not interchangeable. The Model 64000 is
unable to read data from or write data into these files because the structure of
information in the file isunknown. These files can be used only on the system that
created them.
Mapping 64000 File Names to LIF File Names
Whenever a file is transferred to a 64000 disc from an LIF disc or transferred to an LIF disc
from a 64000 disc, the file name must be modified. This is because of the following
differences in 64000 file names and LIF file names.
a. 64000 file names can contain lower-case characters while LIF file names cannot.
b. 64000 file names can be up to 9 characters long while LIF file names can be 10
characters long.
c. 64000 file names include a userid field while LIF file names do not.
d. There are about 12 standard file types on 64000 discs while there are only 2
interchangeable file types on LIF discs.
The 64000 LIF utilities provide two means of handling these differences. When dealing with
individual files, the ! store !, | restore à, | verify , commands allow both the 64000
НН с a dae LN»
file name and type and the LIF file name to be completely specified. The LIF utilities also
provide a default file name mapping algorithm that is useful when dealing with groups of
files. This mapping scheme is intended to reduce file name duplications and retain 64000 file
type information when transferring files from 64000 discs to LIF discs. The default file name
mapping scheme is explained in detail in Tables 6-1 and 6-2.
MODEL 64000
MODEL 64000
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Table 6-1. Default 64000 File Name to LIF File Name Mapping
64000 Name LIF Name Comments
Filename => FILENAME For :source and :listing files, the 64000 name is the same
as the LIF file name except that any lower-case characters
converted are to upper case.
Filename => FILENAMET For file types other than :source or :listing, in addition to
converting lower case to upper case, a character T is
appended to the LIF file name. The value of T is chosen
to reflect the 64000 file type as follows.
64000 file type T
:reloc 3
absolute 4
:emul_com 6
link_com 7
:trace 8
prom 9
:data A
:asmb_db B
:asmb_sym C
ink _sym D
:comp_sym E
:comp_db F
USERID => USERID is dropped
‘DISC => DISC is dropped
source => ASCII
listing => ASCII
:reloc => BINARY
absolute => BINARY
:emul_com => BINARY
:link com => BINARY
‘trace => BINARY
prom => BINARY
data => BINARY
:asmb_db => BINARY
:asmb_sym => BINARY
link_sym => BINARY
:comp_sym => BINARY
:comp-db => BINARY
6-3
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
MODEL 64000
Table 6-2. Default LIF File Name to 64000 File Name Mapping
LIF Name 64000 Name Comments
FILENAME10 => FILENAME1 For LIF ASCII files, the 64000 file name is the same
except that the 10th character, if any, is truncated.
NAMET => NAME For LIF BINARY files, if the LIF name is longer than one
characters and last character (T) is 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,9, A, B, C,
D, E or F, then the last character of the LIF file name is
truncated to form the 64000 file name. Otherwise, the
10th character of the LIF name, if present, is truncated.
=> current USERID
=> first useable 64000 disc
The bus disc will be used first, if available. Next, flexible
disc O if available; followed by flexible disc 1. In a stand-
alone system, the hierarchy is disc 0 if available,
followed by disc 1.
ASCII => source
BINARY => :data The file type :data is chosen if the LIF fine name is 1
character long or if the last character of the LIF name is
not 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, Eor F.
Otherwise the file type is chosen by the last character of
the LIF name as follows.
BINARY => :reloc 3 is last character of LIF name
BINARY => ‘absolute 4 is last character of LIF name
BINARY => :emul_com 6 is last character of LIF name
BINARY => :link_com 7 is last character of LIF name
BINARY => ‘trace 8 15 last character of LIF name
BINARY => prom 9 is last character of LIF name
BINARY => :data А is last character of LIF name
BINARY => :asm.db B is last character of LIF name
BINARY => :asm sym C is last character of LIF name
BINARY => :link_sym D is last character of LIF name
BINARY => :comp_sym E is last character of LIF name
BINARY => :comp db F is last character of LIF name
6-4
MODEL 64000
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
LIF on the Model 64000
If your 64000 development station is equipped with flexible discs, you will have a means of
creating, reading, and writing LIF discs. The command to access the LIF utilities is:
floppy lif _utilities
When this command is issued, the LIF utilities module will be loaded and the display in Figure
6-1 results.
format_disc -
duplicate_disc -
compare_discs -
directory -
restore -
verify -
store -
delete -
LIF (togical Interchange Format > Utilities
The Logical Interchange Format is a method of logically formatting floppy
discs, LIF is used by the 64000 system and other HP products te exchange files,
On the 64000 system, LIF floppy discs are recognized only by the "lif_utilities"
subsystem which includes the functions listed below.
formats the desired disc to LIF specifications.
copies the desired disc to the other disc. Both discs
must be formatted to LIF specifications.
compares two LIF discs to see if they contain identical
information,
lists the files on any LIF discs,
transfers a file from a LIF disc to a 64000 disc,
compares a LIF file with a 63000 file to see if they
contain identical information.
transfers a file from a 64000 disc to a LIF disc.
removes a file from a LIF disc,
ED MS CUR aE GHD WD ED GI CD WAP GER GEE CEP GER WE ED Ge GES TD HED CL GEL WD CUR CER ALS SUD CED CEP QUE WED CEP GED Wb GED GRP EES GIP WE GAD meh CHR Gb wh WD WE CMR WEP WES WE CdD GER CEP CAP CEM ED WEP TED WH SA GED AN SUD PU GND GED WED ED WEP WED NS CNP UD WED EN CNR SED GED WEP ED WES CEN ap
The softkey line will be the following
store restore verify delete directory help end ---ETC----
AS “ED UD == wD WS UND чае «ЕР — — — wap SP wn wm an) CD AD cum wb wm
Pressing the ---ETC----
— — —… rn ww WED GER ve «ED <> E E wD wg Cu =n чт «ED > o E e E E UD TU ED CED UE «ED ES ae TED EN AWS — . e FED «ED WD SED ¿ED CD чт
key displays the following
format duplicate compare help end ———ETC----
rc
!
it. Pressing the |
monitor.
-— es we нь an > cm CD EP ED Cup aD —-— a cw “ue GED ce CES CSD = т = > GED ne <= en cute cu 0 ED GD ED UND ED UD ED CU me ms ED we me wb ws wy ED
The remaining soft keys are explained in the following paragraphs.
6-5
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Format
SYNTAX
a a
format_disc <DISC #> [multiple_pass]
DESCRIPTION
The “format_disc” command causes the desired disc to be formatted to LIF specifications.
All information on the specified disc is lost. A partially formatted disc should be reformatted
before being used. A disc that fails the format operation should be discarded.
<DISC #> specifies the disc to be formatted, which must be 0 or 1.
The “multiple_pass” option causes each track to be written and checked four times during
formatting. If the “multiple_pass” option is omitted, each track is written and checked once.
The “multiple _pass” option increases the chances of detecting and marking a defective track
during formatting.
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Duplicate
SYNTAX
a a в
duplicate_disc <DISC #>
y
DESCRIPTION
The “duplicate_disc” command causes the specified flexible disc to be copied to the other
flexible disc. Both discs must have been formatted to LIF specifications. A partially
duplicated disc should either be formatted or completely copied before being used.
<DISC #> specifies the source disc to be copied and must be 0 or 1.
Compare
SYNTAX
a `
compare_discs
_ Ш
DESCRIPTION
The “compare_discs” command compares the two flexible discs to see if they contain
identical information. Both discs should be formatted to LIF specifications. The following
messages are displayed after a successful and unsuccessful comparison, respectively.
STATUS: Comparison of disc 0 with 1 completed; discs are identical
ERROR: Comparison of disc 0 with 1 failed; discs are NOT identical
6-7
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Store
SYNTAX
(o ÓN
store [and_verify] [ <FILE NAME> [:<USERID>] [:<DISC #>] [:<FILE TYPE>]
[<DATE QUALIFIER>] [into <LIF_NAME> [:<LIF DISC>]]
all_files [:<USERID>] [:<DISC #>] [:<FILE TYPE>]
[<DATE QUALIFIER>] |
[listfile <LIST DESTINATION>]
_ D
DESCRIPTION
The | store | soft key is used to copy one or more files from a 64000 disc or discs to a LIF
\ 1
disc or discs. The 64000 disc may be a bus disc or, in the case of a stand-alone system, a
flexible disc. The bus disc will be used first, if available; next, flexible disc O if available,
followed by flexible disc 1. The stand-alone station needs to be configured with the rear
panel switches set to Local Mass Storage-Addressable.
The “and_verify” option causes each LIF file that is stored to be compared to the original
64000 source file. If the files are not identical, then the LIF file is automatically deleted and
the store operation retried. If the verify operation fails a second time, an error message is
written to the listing file and the store operation continues.
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Default Values
( FILE NAME> Defaults to files with any name with the current userid on all 64000)
all_files discs.
<USERID> Defaults to the current userid.
<DISC #> Defaults to all 64000 discs.
<FILE TYPE> Defaults to types: “source”, “emul_com”, “link_com”, and “trace”.
<DATE QUALIFIER> If no date qualifier is specified, dates are ignored and do not affect
the files stored to the LIF disc.
64000 file name (See Table 6-1).
<LIF DISC> If no LIF disc is specified, the store operation begins with the first
LIF disc, O followed by 1, that is not write protected. If that disc is
full or becomes full during the store operation, the second disc is
used if possible.
<LIST DESTINATION>
|
/ /
/ /
| /
| /
| <LIF NAME> If no LIF file name is specified, the LIF file name is formed from the |
| |
| |
/ |
/ |
| Defaults to the default listing file specified for the current userid. |
6-9
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Restore
SYNTAX
ДН BR
— _
restore <LIF NAME> [:<LIF DISC>] [<DATE QUALIFIER>]
[into <FILE> [:<FILE TYPE>]]
all _files [:<LIF DISC>] [DATE QUALIFIER>]
L —
[listfile <LIST DESTINATION>]
«
DESCRIPTION
The | restore | SOft key copies one or more files from a LIF disc or discs to a 64000 disc or
о
discs. The 64000 discs may be bus discs or, in the case of a stand-alone system, another
flexible disc. The bus disc will be used first, if available; next, flexible disc O if available,
followed by flexible disc 1. The stand-alone station needs to be configured with the rear
panel switches set to Local Mass Storage-Addressable.
The restore command can only copy LIF file types ASCII or BINARY. If other file types are
encountered, an appropriate message is written to the listing file.
6-10
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Default Values
( <LIF NAME> Defaults to all LIF files on all LIF discs. N
all _files
<LIF DISC> Defaults to all LIF discs.
<DATE QUALIFIER> If no date qualifier is specified, LIF file dates are ignored and do not
affect the files restored from the LIF discs.
<FILE> If no 64000 file name is specified, the 64000 file name is formed
from the LIF file name (See Table 6-2).
<FILE TYPE> If no 64000 file type is specified, the 64000 file type defaults to
“source” for LIF ASCII files and “data” for LIF BINARY files.
<LIST DESTINATION>
Defaults to the default listing file specified for the current userid.
IMPLEMENTATION RESTRICTION
The 64000 file system permits records to have a maximum length of 256 bytes. LIF files may
have records up to 32767 bytes long. If, when restoring a LIF file, a LIF record longer than 256
bytes is encountered, then the LIF record is divided into several records and written to the
64000 file.
These divisions occur on 256-byte boundaries. If this should happen, the message “Warning:
long LIF records divided” is written to the listing file.
6-11
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Verify
SYNTAX
verity Г <LIF NAME> [:<LIF DISC>] [<DATE QUALIFIER>] N
[with <FILE> [:<FILE TYPE>]]
| all_files [:<LIF DISC>] [<DATE QUALIFIER>] |
O [listfile <LIST DESTINATION>] |
DESCRIPTION
The "verify soft key compares the information in one or more files on a LIF disc or discs
with files on a 64000 disc or discs. The results of the comparison are written to the listing file.
The 64000 discs may be bus discs or, in the case of a stand-alone system, another flexible
disc. The bus disc will be used first, if available; next, flexible disc O if available, followed by
flexible disc 1. The stand-alone station needs to be configured with the rear panel switches
set to Local Mass Storage-Addressable.
The ; verify | soft key can only compare LIF file types ASCII or BINARY. If other file types
— uu
are encountered, an appropriate message is written to the listing file.
6-12
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Default Values
( <LIF NAME> Defaults to all LIF files on all LIF discs. N
all _files
<LIF DISC> Defaults to all LIF discs.
<DATE QUALIFIER> If no date qualifier is specified, LIF file dates are ignored and do not
affect the files verified on the LIF discs.
<FILE> If no 64000 file name is specified, the 64000 file name is formed
from the LIF file name (See Table 6-2).
<FILE TYPE> If no 64000 file type is specified, the 64000 file type defaults to
“source” for LIF ASCII files and “data” for LIF BINARY files.
<LIST DESTINATION>
Defaults to the default listing file specified for the current userid.
IMPLEMENTATION RESTRICTION
The 64000 file system permits records to have a maximum length of 256 bytes. LIF files may
have records up to 32767 bytes long. If, when verifying a LIF file, a LIF record longer than 256
bytes is encountered, then the LIF record is divided into several records and compared to the
64000 file.
These divisions occur on 256-byte boundaries. If this should happen, the message “Warning:
long LIF records divided” is written to the listing file.
6-13
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
SYNTAX
Delete
MODEL 64000
o
_
DESCRIPTION
delete <LIF FILE> [:<LIF DISC>]
>
_
The ; delete | soft key removes a file from the directory of a LIF disc or discs. Access to the
A
file is permanently lost.
Default Value
6-14
<LIF DISC> Defaults to all LIF discs.
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Directory
SYNTAX
directory [listfile <LIST DESTINATION>]
_ 7
DESCRIPTION
r
The | directory | soft key writes information on all LIF files on all LIF discs to the listing file.
N
crc 4
| <LIST DESTINATION>
Defaults to the default listing file specified for the current userid.
6-15
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Appendix A
LIF Implementation
Definitions
This section is included to help you understand some of the terms used in LIF.
Cylinder: A cylinder number denotes the position of an actuator when more than one
detector is positioned by the same actuator mechanism.
Cylinder Mode Addressing: This is used where there are several surfaces on a particular
medium. It would normally require three parameters to find a particular piece of data in this
case; namely: cylinder number, surface (side) number, and sector number. Cylinder mode
addressing sequentializes the medium so that any location can be defined by a single
parameter. This mode is defined as follows: the absolute sector following the last sector on
cylinder 0, surface 0, is taken to be the first sector on cylinder 0, surface 1, rather than the first
sector on cylinder 1, surface 0.
Directory: A file that is found in a known location and contains a list of user files on the
medium. The directory also contains the following information about each file: starting
location of the file, length of the file, and type of data in the file.
Double Word Integer: A 32-bit signed binary integer. For this application, a double word
integer is considered to be packed into two 16-bit words so that the most significant bits are
in the first word, and the least significant bits are in the second word.
File: A user defined collection of logically contiguous records written onto the data portion of
each sector and containing a set of user defined data.
Integer: A 16-bit signed binary number.
Interchangeability: The ability to read information from a medium on a host computer other
than the one that originally wrote the information.
Sector: Used interchangeably with PHYSICAL RECORD. A grouping of contiguously
recorded bits. This includes a header made up of a series of bits that recognizes and
synchronizes the start of the sector and the body of the sector. The body contains the user
information and certain device applications such as checksum and error correcting code
(ECC). All references to sector location are in the linear list mode.
A-1
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE MODEL 64000
REFERENCE MANUAL
Track: The area of the medium that can be read by a single detector (head) without
movement of that detector.
Unit of Addressing: This is a blocking factor that establishes valid start addresses. The LIF
addressing unit is always 256 bytes.
Volume Label: Also referred to as “Directory Header”, this is a file created on initialization of
the medium at a known location (usually the first sector) that contains information about the
medium. This information includes things such as type of media, and start and length of the
directory.
Volume Number: In certain instances, a file may be placed on several different media. This
usually happens because the size of the file is greater than the capacity of the medium. In this
case, the volume number is an indication of which portion of a file is on this medium. Note:
the Model 64000 does not support multivolume files.
Logical Media Layout
Figure A-1 shows the linear layout of all disc and preformatted tape media.
Start of Media
End of Media
#3
A-2
User Files
Directory
Volume Label
Figure A-1. Linear Layout For Disc and Preformatted Tape Media
MODEL 64000
FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
REFERENCE MANUAL
Volume Label
The purpose of the volume label is to allow easy identification of the media type and to find
file information (directory). The volume label is two sectors long and its format is as follows.
WORD (16 BITS)
CONTENTS
0 100000 OCTAL (LIF ID)
,
2 VOLUME LABEL (0-6 ASCII CHARACTERS)
3
4 DIRECTORY START ADDRESS
5
6 OCTAL 10000 NEEDED FOR SYSTEM 3000
7 DUMMY (SET TO 0)
8 LENGTH OF DIRECTORY (FIXED AT INITIALIZATION)
9
10 VERSION NUMBER (0 FOR MEDIA WITH NO EXTENSIONS)
11 SET TO 0
12-20 LEVEL 1 EXTENSIONS-SEE EXTENSIONS SECTION
21-126 RESERVED FOR EXTENSIONS AND FUTURE USE (SET TO 0)
127 RESERVED BY SYSTEM 250 FOR MEDIA MAINTENANCE WORD
128-255 SET TO 0
Location
The location of the volume label is defined to be the first unit of addressing available on the
medium. All words in the second addressing block are to be initialized to 0 for compatibility
with the System 3000.
LIF Id
This identifies media written in the logical interchange format specified by this standard.
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Volume Label
Characters (0-6 ASCII) are packed with the first character of a pair in the high order byte.
Trailing characters are spaces. To provide maximum interchange, characters are limited to
upper case letters (A-Z), digits (0-9) and the underscore (_) character. The first character (if
any) must be a letter. The purpose of this field is to identify the particular volume in a drive.
Default volume label is six spaces.
Directory Start Address
This is a double word integer showing the address for the start of the directory in number of
addressing units. The first word contains the high order bits and the second word contains
the low order bits. The value of this field is two at the present time.
Word 6
This word is included to eliminate console messages on the System 3000. It must be written
as shown.
Length of Directory
This double word integer entry is included to stop the directory from overwriting user storage
space. This entry is decided on at disc initialization, thereby fixing directory size at that time.
This entry contains the maximum allowable length of the directory in number of addressing
units. Note, the length of the directory on discs produced by the Model 64000 is 14 sectors.
Version Number
This field is used to allow for implementation of extensions to the standard. It should be set to
0 for a base level implementation. For a list of capabilities added with each version, see the
section on extensions that follows later. Note, the Model 64000 implements level 1
extensions. Discs formatted by the Model 64000 will have this field set to 1.
Words 21-126
These words are reserved for extension fields and for implementation dependent fields. See
the later section on extensions for the currently implemented extensions.
Word 127
This word is reserved for the use of System 250 as a maintenance word. Tapes received from
other machines must have this word set to 0.
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Directory
The purpose of the directory is to allow data to be easily located. All information necessary
for reading a file is contained in the directory, which is a linear list of directory entries each
organized as follows.
WORD (16 BITS) CONTENTS
0
1
2 FILE NAME (1-10 ASCII CHARS, TRAILING BLANKS)
3
4
5 FILE TYPE
6 STARTING ADDRESS
7
8 LENGTH OF FILE
9
10
11 TIME OF CREATION (12 BCD DIGITS)
12
13 L VOLUME NUMBER
14 IMPLEMENTATION
15
Location
The directory is located starting on an addressing block boundary defined by the Directory
Starting Location Field of the volume label. Directory location is further limited to the logical
front of the medium. Therefore, user space cannot span the directory.
File Name
Characters (1-10 ASCII) are packed with the first byte of a pair in the most significant byte of
the word. Characters are limited to digits (0-9), upper case letters (A-Z), and the underscore
(_) character. The first character must be a letter. All nonpurged files must have at least one
character in their file name and implementations must be capable of distinguishing all 10
characters. Padding is with trailing blanks.
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File Type
This is a 16-bit signed integer. The presently defined file types follow.
0: Purged file - This standard makes no statement on directory names of purged files.
However, the purged file name must be capable of being identical with a valid file.
Implementation of this standard must not give duplicate file name errors for purged files.
1: ASCII data file - This is the interchange file type. The associated file consists of 8-bit
ASCII characters. See the next section, File Structure, for a complete description.
—1. Logical end of directory - See Directory Organization.
—2: Binary data file - See File Structure, which follows later, for details.
Other negative file types are reserved for system dependent applications. It is not necessary
for any implementation to be able to read these file types for conformance. They are merely
for flexibility and convenience and to be used by the experienced user.
Starting Address
The starting unit-of-addressing number for a file is a double-word integer. The most
significant bits are in word 6 and the least significant bits are in word 7.
Length of File
A double-word integer shows the allocated space for the file (not current length) on this
volume. Again, the most significant word comes first. The length is given as the number of
256-byte blocks. Lengths less than O are not allowed. The usage of free space is
implementation dependent. Therefore, the length and start address fields of a purged file are
not guaranteed to be accurate. Free space is computed from the start address and length
fields of the two nearest valid files that surround the free space.
Time of Creation
This field is 12 BCD digits of the form YYMMDDHHMMSS. These words will be packed with
the first digit in the most significant bits of word 9 and the last digit in the least significant bits
of word 11. This field can be used for a version number on systems not using a real-time
clock. If the year and month fields are 0, the other fields will be a version number. However,
all digits must be valid BCD numbers. Also, if a particular file spans several volumes, the
directory entries for each volume of this file must have the same time stamp or version
number.
Last Volume Flag
If the last volume flag (L) = 0, it is not the last volume of the file. If the last volume flag (L) = 1,
it is the last volume of the file.
MODEL 64000 FLEXIBLE DISC DRIVE
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Volume Number
This is a 14-bit unsigned integer containing the volume number of this file on this medium.
Volume number = 0 is not a valid condition. All files must be contained on at least one
volume. Volumes start with number 1 and are incremented by one for each subsequent
volume.
Implementation
Words 14 and 15 are available for implementation dependent uses by file types —2000 to
—77777. These fields must be set to O for all interchange file types and for file types —2 to —177.
Directory Organization
The directory is defined to be a linear list of directory entries. It has no fixed length, except as
fixed at the time of initialization. A directory entry that has a file type of —1, is defined to be the
end of logical directory. A logical end of directory mark is written unless the directory is
filled. The physical end of directory is determined by adding the start of directory and length
of directory fields. This address is considered an absolute end of directory indicator and thus
precludes the need for a logical end of directory marker on full directories. Free space begins
at Address # = (Starting Address # of last file entry + last file length). Implementations must
also be aware of the absolute end of directory found in the volume label. Methods of packing
and reallocating free space are not defined. However, entries must be stored so they are in
order of strictly increasing starting addresses. Directory entries are undefined after the
logical end of directory. Thus, when a file is appended, the next directory entry must be set to
the logical end of the directory.
File Structure
A file is a list of records containing data. Defining the structure for file types 1 and —2 provides
a mechanism for transferring files containing virtually any type of data. The file does not
attempt to convey the meaning of the data as part of the file. This is best done by external
means (naming conventions, attached hard-copy description etc.). A file consists of a linear
list of records; explanations follow.
LENGTH DATA
Location
A file location is determined by the value of the starting address field within the directory
entry. À file always starts on an addressing block boundary. Further, a logical record will not
traverse a volume. Thus, all volumes will start with a complete logical record making it
possible to recover partial data.
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Length
Length is a 16-bit integer showing the length of the record in bytes, but not including the
length field in the count. A length of —1 will denote logical end of file. A file will have an end of
file marker unless its length is at the maximum length defined in the directory. Also, the
length field of the last record may exceed the physical space remaining; in this case, the file is
terminated by physical length of file. If the last volume flag is set for the file, this is the end of
file mark; otherwise, it is the end of the volume. A “0” length record is valid. In this case, the
length field is followed by the length field for the next record. A record of length less than —1
is not allowed. Finally, if the length is odd, the record is rounded to the next word boundary
and the extra byte is ignored.
The Model 64000 file system does not support O length records, records containing an odd
number of bytes, or records longer than 256 characters. If one of these records is
encountered, when reading an LIF file produced on another system, the Model 64000 reacts
as follows.
A O length record is made into a record containing 2 space characters.
A record containing an odd number of characters is padded with a trailing space character to
make an even number of characters.
LIF records longer than 256 bytes are divided into 2 or more records on the Model 64000. The
division is made at 256 byte boundaries.
Data
File type 1: The record consists exclusively of 8-bit ASCII codes. All 8 bits are defined (i.e.,
foreign character sets) and no parity is checked or generated. Codes 0 through 127 have US
ASCII meaning. Codes 128 to 255 are open. In addition, no FORTRAN carriage control,
escape sequences, etc. are defined. Numeric data are formatted per ANSI standard X3.42,
which is available from ANSI. Data records should be stored with one item per record. So an
“n” element array would require n logical records for storage. Programs are stored with one
source line per record. Records must not contain a trailing CR-LF unless it is a meaningful
portion of the data item. Logical records are allowed to span physical record boundaries.
File type —2: The data format within the record is undefined and must be known to the user.
Extensions
An extension field is one that is defined to be of general interest to a large set of
implementors, but is not required for implementation of the standard. No extension is
allowed that would prohibit an implementation from reading, writing or creating a lower level
implementation. Levels are hierarchical; that is, level N includes levels O to N-1.
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Level O is defined to be the level with no extensions. This level must be supported for all
implementations. The Model 64000 implements level 1 extensions when formatting LIF discs.
The value of words 12-13 is 33, words 14-15 have a value of 2, and words 16-17 have a value of
16. Words 18-20 contain the date and time the volume was formatted. The following
paragraphs explain the words in detail.
Words 12-17
These words contain physical attributes data. Words 12 and 13 contain the number of tracks
per surface with the most significant word being word 12. Words 14 and 15 contain the
number of surfaces per medium, with the most significant word being word 14. Words 16 and
17 contain the number of sectors per track with the most significant word being word 16.
Words 18-20
These words contain the volume stamp. This field is identical to the time stamp field of the
directory listing, except this field reflects volume creation. All comments about valid BCD
digits, version numbers, etc. still apply.
Flexible Disc Track Format
Table A-1 describes the physical track format for HP 5-1/4 inch minifloppies.
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Table A-1. Minifloppy Physical Track Format
Item Number of Bytes | Hex Value Description
1 85 4E Postindex gap
———— repeat ¡items 2 - 17, 16 times per track ------
2 16 4E Sector preamble
3 12 00 ID address mark
4 3 A1 Note: missing clock transitions between bits 4 and 5.
5 1 FE ID address mark
6 1 XX Cylinder number (see note 1)
7 1 XX Head number (see note 2)
8 1 XX Sector number (see note 3)
9 1 01 Sector length (01 implies 256 bytes)
10 2 XX CRC (see note 4)
11 22 4E ID gap
12 12 00 Date address mark synchronization
13 3 A1 Note: missing clock transitions between bits 4 and 5.
14 1 FB Data address mark
15 256 XX Data
16 2 XX CRC (see note 4)
17 28 4E Sector postamble
18 approx. 600 4E Preindex gap
The number of characters in this gap is approximate.
Bytes with value 4E should be written until the index
pulse occurs.
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Table A-1. Minifloppy Physical Track Format (Cont'd)
Note 1 - Cylinder numbering begins at 00. Invisible (i.e., defective) tracks have a
cylinder number equal to FF.
Note 2 - Head 00 is the lower head, head 01 is the upper head. Invisible (i.e.,
defective) tracks have a head number equal to FF.
Note 3 - Sector numbering begins at 00. Invisible (i.e., defective) tracks have a
sector number equal to FF.
Note 4 - 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The value of the CRC is
calculated according to the following formula.
16 12 5
G(X) = X + X + X + 1
The CRC register is initialized to 1’s and includes all information starting
with the address mark through the CRC characters.
Defective Track Marking
When formatting a disc, each track is written according to the physical format described
above. After writing, each data sector is read. If an error occurs when reading any sector on
the track, then the entire track is considered to be defective. If a defective track is detected,
then the entire track is written again with the value of the cylinder number, side number, and
sector number with bytes equal to FF for each sector. This marks the track as defective or
“invisible.”
After a defective track is found, the address field of the next good track is set to the value that
would have been assigned to the defective track. Thus, a particular logical track is displaced
inward on the disc for each defective track found.
Physical tracks are identified by their position on the medium, cylinder and side. Logical
tracks are identified by the value of address bytes in the physical format. Figure A-2 depicts a
hypothetical medium and designates physical tracks 02 and 05 as defective tracks.
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MODEL 64000
START
OF
MEDIUM PHYSICAL TRACK NUMBERS
00 01 02 03 04 05 06
00] DATA|O1| DATA|FF| 02| DATA|(|03| DATA | FF| 04| DATA
A Л Л
LOGICAL TRACK NUMBERS END
OF
MEDIUM
Figure A-2. Example Medium Showing Tracks 02 and 05 as Defective
There are 70 physical tracks on an HP 5-1/4 inch disc. There may be 0 to a maximum of 4
defective tracks marked invisible. Defective tracks are allowed in any physical position. Discs
that have more than four defective tracks are rejected by the LIF formatting utility. Therefore,
there are 70 — b logical tracks on a disc where b is the number of invisible tracks. Regardless
of how many defective tracks are detected on a particular disc, at most only 66 logical tracks
will be used to store data.
64941-90906, JANUARY 1984 Г)
HEWLETT
Replaces: 64941-90905, January 1983 PACKARD PRINTED IN U.S.A.
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