l"\.r
ONYX DIAGNOSTICS MONITOR
--a. Disk telt. b. Disk patch. c. Memory test. d. Tape test. e. Display aector O. f. return prom monitor.
2.6 Option e (display lector 0) does not work in this version of the System Exerciser. Select any other option and press the return key. The following instructions apply to each specific test.
3.0 DISK TEST
This utility is the most versatile. It can run continuous disk tests with or without an additional memory or tape test; i.e., a mode is available to loop the diagnostic such that each pass
"includes a memory and tape test. The memory and tape tests are identical to the stand alone utilities: Options c andd. They will be described in detail later.
3.1 Proceed with the disk test as follows:
Depress 1 and return
SERIAL NUMBER (enter serial number)
TIME (enter test starting time)
DATE (enter test starting"date)
NOTE: These three fields are optional and are used in reporting only.
DRIVE (enter the disk drive number to test)
NOTE: Drive number must be physical drive 0 to 7 with default being O.
MEMORY TEST (Y/N?)
TAPE TEST (Y/N/?) If Y is specified
***CAUTION***
Remove SDT before proceedingFailure to insert a test/scratch tape can result in destroying the SDT.
~
EXCLUDE RANDOM READ/WRITE (YIN?)
NOTE: a N response will- include random reading and writing. This Is the preferred "mode for thoroughly exercising the disk.
,~ aEAD ONLY (Y/N?)
WARNING: This response must be Y to preserve the contents of the disk. A Y response immediately initiates a aEAD ONLY pass. In this .ode, the spare sector table is preserved and no additional sparing of bad sectors is attempted. The Summary (S) and Quit
(Q) commands will display the statistics including bad sector information. Write this down and save it in case a Format is required.
PORMAT (Y/N?)
WARNING: ANY response to this question will result in destroying the contents of the drive. Re-set the computer to emergency abort from this utility.
A Y answer to this question will immediately initiate a format pass on the disk. A FORMAT PASS ERASES THE ENTIRE
DISK CONTENTS INCLUDING THE SPARES TABLE, disables seek checking and initiates a Write/Read pass. There might be a response from the system that says "Drive Lacks Optical Zero
Sensor". Please ignore. This has no significance outside of Onyx Systems. The Format Pass writes every sector on the disk and should be performed on any "virgin or crashed disk" to insure correct I.D. headers.
We strongly suggest a
N response if the status of the spares table is .unknown. If there are no spared sectors, an N response initiates a Write/Read Pass with seek checking. If there are spared sectors, an N response results in the following prompt: aE-INITIALIZE SPARES SECTOR TABLE (Y/N?)
An N response saves the contents of the bad sector table, initiates a WRITE/READ pass, and invokes seek checking.
Summary (S) and Quit (~) commands will display the test statistics. Write down the spared sectors.
A Y response zeros out the spares table, invokes seek checking, and initiates a Write/Read pass.
3.2 A brief description of each pass within the disk test follows:
FORMAT
~ss:
The Format rass writes every sector on the disk. This pass must be performed on a "virgin or crashed disk·' to insure proper I.D. headers.
STANDARD: A atandard disk cannot be hardware protected from the Format rass and is initiated from the
keyboard.
CONTROLLER: On controller disk drives the format
.witch must be enabled to allow the Format to proceed.
WARNING: Do not remove the disk drive to search for the enable switch without proper training and/or support from a fully qualified service technician. Improper handling of the disk drive can result in unrepairable damage.
WRITE PASS:
The wri~e pass sequentially writes the sector number in every sector on the disk.
READ PASS:
The read pass sequentially reads every sector on the disk and checks the sector number left by the write pass.
WRITING RANDOM:
The writing random pass writes randomly.
READING RANDOM:
The reading random pass reads randomly.
TAPE TEST:
The tape test runs once a pass. It is the same test
~xplained in a latter part of this document.
MEMORY TEST:
The memory test runs once a pass. It is the same test explained in a latter part of this document.
3.3 DISK TEST VARIABLES
LOGICAL SECTOR:
The logical sector is a 3 byte sector number, thinking of the disk as one contiguous string of sectors. The number of logical sectors on a drive is computed as follows: logical sectors
<--
cylinders
* heads
* sectors.
DRB (disk request block cylinder, head, and sector):
The DRB cylinder, head, and sector is calculated by dividing down the logical sector number into a physica~.address.
MAPPED <sapped cylinder, head, and sector):
The aapped cylinder, head, and sector is ~he result of adjusting the DRB cylinder, head, and sector for sector skew and sparing. This is the TRUE physical address of the sector under test.
BEADER (d1sk atatus table header):
OOOB
OOOC
OOOD
OOOE
OOOF
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
OOlA
0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
OOOA
The header cylinder, head. and sector is only valid for standard disks and shows the address read from the sectors header. This field should be the same a. the mapped cylinder, head, and sector.
DKA (disk data DKA buffer):
The DKA cylinder. head. and sector shows the address read from the first 4 bytes of the data buffer. This address is written to every sector by the WRITE PASS and should be the same as the DRB. This field is not valid for read only mode.
ER (error return code):
This is the error code returned by the disk BIOS. no error bad command no ACK from disk cont.
ACK from disk cont. read eRC error
SEEK error read wrong .ector read wrong head read wrong cylinder drive not ready rezero error write fault invalid drive invalid head invalid cylinder invalid sector servo error read/write fault disk speed error servo phase (thermal) write protected guard band cyl servo offset error disk xfer timeout system sector bad format protected
BIOS busy
DRIVE:
Drive under test.
MODE:
Disk drive mode as follows:
MODE 0 10 Meg standard
MODE 1 20 Meg standard
MODE 2 40 Meg standard
MODE 3 6 Meg standard
MODE
4 -
10 Keg controller
KODE
5
20
Keg controller
MODE
6 -
40
Keg controller
MODE
7 -
6
Keg controller
PASSES:
Number of disk test passes completed.
ERRORS:
Number of test errors detected.
OFF:
This field 1s only valid on standard disk drives and shows the current .ervo offset as follows: x no .ervo offset
P forward servo offset
R reverse servo offset
VER:
This .hows the current version of the disk test program.
SERIAL:
This shows the drive serial number. (If set by user)
TIME:
DATE:
This shows the time and date the test was started. (If set by user)
3.4
DISK TEST
COMMA~DS
(Q)UIT:
The
"Q" command will prompt the user with the following
1Dessage:
Quit (Y/-N)?
A "Y" answer will return the user to the diagnostic monitor.
A "N" answer will continue the disk test.
(S)ummary:
The ·S" command will display a summary of spared sectors;
.emory. tape, and disk errors.
(P)rint:
The "P" command will send a aummary out the aerial printer channel.
3.5 DISK TEST SUMMARY
CYL BD SC:
Cylinder, bead, and sector vhere error occurred.
ER:
Disk BIOS error code; see Section 3.3
OFF:
Servo offset.
PASS:
Disk test pass when error vas detected.
COUNT:
Error count.
3.6 DISK TEST ANALYSIS
The Onyx system can handle 30 spared sectors. More than 30 viII require replacement of the disk. Other errors can periodically occur and do not necessarily signify a defective disk requiring replacement. Consult a factory trained service technician for help in interpreting errors.
***IMPORTANT***
If the spare sector table is erased during disk test you must either:
1. Recreate i t from scratch by running write/read with random write/read for 48 hours, or
2. If you know vhat it was, it can be recreated using the sparing utility within the operating system.
WARNING: Failure to successfully recreate the bad sector table will result in a very high incidence of disk CRC err~rs.
4.0 DISK PATCH
The disk patch utility allows the user to read, write, or modify any sector on the disk. Its purpose is to aid the very knowledgeabl~ser in ·crash recovery and failure analysis.
WARNING: Do not proceed without phone support from a trained aupport specialist. A complete loss of data can result from untrained use of the disk patch utility.
4.1 DISK PATCH COMMANDS
A summary of diak patch commands follows. This section is
intended to be reference aaterial for a trained specialist.
Do not experiment with these commands:
(R)ead:
The "R" command reads and displays the currently selected sector.
(W)rite:
The "W" command writes to the currently selected sector, the contents of the DMA buffer. The contents of the DMA buffer can be set by the (R)ead command or the (P)atch command.
(P)atch:
The "P" command allows the user to change the contents of the DMA buffer. When the "P" command is entered the user will be prompted with:
Address:
At this time the user should enter an address offset into the DMA buffer. The address and data will then be displayed as follows: aaaa dd
At this time the user can do one of the following:
1. Enter a new data value for this address.
2. Enter a space bar to advance to the next address.
3. Enter a back space to get to the previous address.
4. Enter a CR to return to the disk patch command monitor.
(Q)uit:
The
"Q" command returns the user to the diagnostics monitor.
4.2 '. DISK PATCH VARIABLES
(D)rive:
The WD" command is used to set the currently selected disk
(0-7).
(C)ylinder:
The "C" command 1s used to set the currently selected cylinder.
(B)ead:
The "B" command 1s used to set the currently selected head.
(S)ector:
The ·S" eommand 1s used to .et the currently selected
.eetor.
(I)nterlace:
The "1" command 1s used to set the currently .elected sector interlace.
S.O
MEMORY TEST
The memory test returns to the diagnostics menu upon completion.
Initializing the computer will also abort the memory test.
The SU and MU memory tests consist of
MARCHING, OPCODE, and DMA.
3 minor tests which are
The major Subroutines are:
MARCHING:
The marching ones test does the following:
1.
Memory is filled with a background pattern.
2.
In ascending order each byte is read back to determine if i t contains background; if it does not, the location 1s failed. Each location is then filled with the opposite of the background and read back to determine if it has the opposite data pattern; 1f it does not, the location fails.
3.
In descending order, the memory locations are read back and checked to .ee 1f the data is the opposite pattern; if i t 1s not, the location fails. The original byte is then written into the location and read back.
OPCODE:
The opcode test 1s needed because the timing for an opcode fetch is shorter than for a normal memory fetch with a Z80. The opcode test does the following:
1. Memory 1s filled with the pattern 58 00 58 00 58 • • ., which the CPU "opeodes" through.
2. Nex~ the data pattern 00 A7 00 A7 00 • • • is used to fill memory, which the CPU "opcodes" through.
3. The data pattern A7 58 A7 58 • • • is used.
What the opcode test does is create a parity error if memory is slow. This test vill report all errors as parity errors.
DMA:
The DMA, vhi~has tighter timing than the CPU, 1s used in this test.
1. A pseudo random data pattern is written 1nto RAM memory.
2. Using the DMA, this pattern is moved. The source is then eompared with the destination.
3. The data pattern is inverted and aga1n moved and checked.
4. The data parity bit is inverted and again moved.
5. The above process is repeated with the source and destination reversed.
The DNA test will report a DNA failure a. memory errors. If this happens, the errors will be massive and the memory will have passed the aarching and opcode tests.
5.1 MEMORY TEST ANALYSIS
The memory test will accumulate errors in a table 'which is displayed on the screen if errors occur. The table is of the form:
BANK
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
--------------BITS-----------------
0 1
2 3
4
· .
.
·
.
.
.
.
·
.
·
·
03
.
.
5
6
7
P
.
.
.
In the above example, bit 0 of bank F failed the memory
3 times. test
6.0 TAPE TEST
***CAUTION***
Remove SDT before proceeding. Failure'to insert a test/scratch tape can result in destroying the SDT.
If the Diagnostic Monitor can be loaded from tape, its very probable that the tape drive is functional. The tape ~est, however, will insure that all four channels of the drive are functional and that the.drive can lock into a worst case data pattern. The test ca~ also be used to sample the quality of tape. The tape test writes a worst case data pattern to each channel of the tape and reads it back. Its reported errors are accumulative and only reloading the Diagnostic Monitor will rezero the error count. The errors reported are:
1. TAPE NOT ONLINE
2. END OF CARTRIDGE
3. DNRECOV. ERRORS
00
00
00
4. TAPE ROT .EADY
S.
END OF CHANNEL
6. CIC EIIOIS
7.
LOST DATA DETECT
8. DATA NO SYNC
9.
'1'00 LONG ASS. CHAR
10. TOO LONG ASS CRC
11. BUFFERS NOT EQUAL
00
00
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
6.1 TAPE TEST ANALYSIS
Any failures of parameters 1-5 are catastrophic and will require replacement of the tape drive.
Errors logged against parameters 6-11 are potential indicators of trouble but are not necessarily the result of a defective drive requiring replacement. Poor tape media can also cause these errors. Solicit the help of an Onyx trained Service Representative for correct interpretation of these errors.
