CORNER OFFICE ATC-139 Graphing Scientific Calculator Operating Instructions

A
CORNER
OFFICE
Graphing Scientific Calculator
Operating Instructions
-FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY-
Soy
CORNER
OFFICE oo
a - MODEL:ATC-139 (A17C0139) =
Graphing Scientific Calculator >
Power Source:DC 3V-0.00135W
Uses 1 x CR2032 Battery Cell
Made in China S/No.04/07
SE =
E
+
: | С = \
= ESF =
A
B
с
D
=
= = = =
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
« HANDING THE BATTERY POWER SUPPLY
* PRECAUTIONS
GENERAL GUIDE
* KEY MARKINGS
* TO READ THE DISPLAY
* KEY OPERATIONS
* GENERAL CALCULATION INFORMATION
MANUAL CALCULATIONS
* BASIC CALCULATIONS
* SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
* FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS
* BINARY, OCTAL, DECIMAL, HEXADECIMAL CALCULATIONS .........—......eicennenesieees
* STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS
GRAPHS
* BUILT IN FUNCTION GRAPHS
* USER GENERATED GRAPHS
* SOME GRAPHIC EXAMPLES
PROGRAM CALCULATIONS
* DEFINITION OF A PROGRAM
* PROGRAM CHECKING AND EDITION
* PROGRAM DEBUGGING
* COUNTING THE NUMBER OF STEPS
* PROGRAM AREAS AND CALCULATION MODES
* ERASING PROGRAMS ;
* CONVENIENT PROGRAM COMMANDS
* ARRAY-TYPE MEMORIES
* DISPLAYING ALPHA-NUMERIC CHARACTERS AND SYMBOLS
= USING THE GRAPHIC FUNCTION IN PROGRAM
FUNCTION REFERENCE
ERROR MESSAGE TABLE
INPUT RANGES OF FUNCTIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
(Add three to get the PDF
file page).
—
© > N N N
24
24
25
32
32
32
36
37
37
38
39
42
45
46
49
50
51
(A) INTRODUCTION
This unit is a advanced prog ble calculator. Besides tile scientific functions, a wide variety of useful graphs can be
produced, Manual calculations can be easily performed following written formulas, A replay function is provided that allows
confirmation or correction when key operation errors occur,
Programs can also be inputted by following true algebraic logic, so repeat and/or complex calculations are simplified. Be sure to
carefully read this manual and keep it handy for future reference.
Important — Reset your calculator before using it the first time!
Always backup data!
HANDLING THE BATTERY POWER SUPPLY
Battery Safety:
Incorrect battery handling may cause it to burst or leak, and possibly damage equipment.
Make sure the new battery is the correct type.
Make sure the “+” faces up.
Keep battery out of the reach of children.
Do not dispose battery in fire.
Replacing battery :
* Make sure power is off before replacing the battery
+ Make sure to store programs or data before performing this operation
» After replacing the battery, be sure to switch the calculator on and then
perform the reset operation.
1. Remove the battery compartment door,
2. Remove the used battery.
3. Install the new battery and ensure the “+” side facing up.
4. Replace battery compartment door,
5. Tum the power on.
‘Auto power off function
The unit switches off approximately 6 minutes after the last key operation. Once this occurs, power can be restored by pressing the
AC key. Numeric values in the memories, programs, or calculations made are unaffected when power is switched off.
Reset operation:
< tel ail ES ber ae ie = Tia 4
to reset the calculator:
Warning: The following procedures clear all data from the memory of the calculator, To avoid the loss of important data, be sure
to always keep a written backup copy.
Switch the power on
Press the RESET button on the back of the calculator with a thin, pointed object to reset the calculator and clear memory contents,
Remarks: Never press the RESET button while internal operations are being performed, Doing so may cause irreversible damage
to the memory of your calculator. —
PRECAUTIONS:
The calculator is made of precision components. Never attempt to disassemble the unit.
The display will go blank and keys will not operate during calculations. When you are TE the keypad, be sure to watch the
display to ensure all your key operations are being performed correctly.
Avoid strong vibrations or impacts during program execution which can cause execution to stop or damage the calculator's
memory.
Avoid dropping your calculator
Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinner or benzene to clean the unit. Wipe it with a soft, dry cloth or with a cloth that has been
dipped in a solution of water and mild detergent.
Da not store the calculator or leave it in areas exposed to high temperature or humidity. or large amounts of dust.
Never leave a dead battery in the battery compartment. It can leak and damage the unit,
The manufacturer und its suppliers will not be linble to you or any other person for any damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings
or any other damages arising out of loss of data and / or formulas arising out of malfunctions, repairs or battery replacement. The
user should prepare physical records of data to protect against such data loss,
® GENERAL GUIDE
IMPORTANT — the keys of the scientific calculator perform more than one function. The following explains all of
the operations of each key. Read this section carefully before using your calculator for the first time.
® KEY MARKINGS
The keys of this unit perform a number of different functions. The key illustrated below, for example, is used to
perform 4 different functions: X", X!, A, /A.
Note the the illustrated above.
The keypad is color-coded to help you quickly determine the key sequence you have to perform for each
function, The following table shows how to interpret the various key markings.
then
Pink and then
Green Press in MODE
In addition to the above, there are a number of key sequences indicated on the panel beneath the display (such as
[ALPHA] [2Ex]). These key sequences can be used in the SD or LR mode only.
® TO READ THE DISPLAY
. Display indicators
The following indicators appear on the display to show you the current status of the calculator at a glance
S: [SHIFT] key pressed.
M: key pressed.
A: [ALPHA] key pressed
Sei: Number of significant digits specified
Fix: Number of decimal places specified
hyp: key pressed
D: Degrees specified as the unit of angular measurement
R: Radians specified as the unit of angular measurement
G: Grads specitied as the unit of angular measurement
WRT: Program write mode ( [2] ) specified
PCL: Program clear mode ( [3] ) specified
X=. Y=: Indicates current x- and y- coordinate location of trace function pointer
— — : Indicates display consists of more than 12 characters. — indicates extra characters run off left side of
display, — indicates characters run off right side.
Disp: Indicates displayed value is intermediate result
. About the display layout
The display consists of a graphing area, as well as an area for indicators and characters. You can monitor the
status of the calculator and programs by viewing the display.
Example: :
Coordinates
Graph Display >
D
Ха M Exponent
2.052631————— Muntissa
Graph Shows Trade function coordinales
Calculation Display
D
=! Exponent
2.052631 Mantissa
Mode Status Display
LR wer p | Mode Status
3H -——— Remaining number of program steps
Program area stutus
PO_2_3_5789 —
e Exponential display -
During normal calculation, this unit is capable of displaying up to 10 digits. Values that exceed this limit, however,
are displayed in exponential format. You can choose between 2 different types of exponential display
formats. :
NORM 1 mode: 1020.01) >] x| , | x| =10"
NORM 2 mode: 10°(0.000000001) >| xI . | x| =10"
Selection of these modes can be carried out by pressing = when no specification has been made for
the number of decimal places or significant digits. The present status is not displayed, so it is necessary to perform
the following procedure to specify either display format:
1 E] 2005] 7 7 1 ] 200 BE]
5. 0.005
NOTE: All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using the NORM 1 mode.
How to interpret exponential format
D
11. Exponent
1.2. + — Mantissa
1.2" indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 X 10". This means that you should move the decimal point in 1.2
eleven places to the right. Since the exponent is positive, this results in the value 120,000,000,000.
D
43 ——— Exponent
12 Mantissa
1.2% indicates that The result is equivalent to 1.2 10”. This means that you should move the decimal point in 1.2
three places to the left, since the exponent is negative. This results in the value 0.0012.
® Special display formats
Special display formats are used for the representation of fraction, hexadecimal and sexagesimal values.
Fraction value display
D
Displuy of 456 =
456, 12. 23. >
wl | tor des
Hexadecimal value display
BASE-N
h Display af - ABCDEF12 (-1412567278)
/ABICIDIEF 12
Sexagesimal value display
D
12° 34'56.8” Display of 12° 34'56.8”
E. i a
® KEY OPERATIONS
® io operation keys
Shift key
= when using the function commands and functions marked in orange on the keypad. An" 5” will appear on
the display to indicate that [SHIFT] has been pressed. Pressing [SHIFT] again will cause the “s” to disappear from the
display.
[MODE] Mode key
Use the [MODE key in combination with [7] , [1] through [9], [E] [= [>] and [+] to specify the
calculation mode and the unit of angular measurement.
[1] — For manual calculations and program execution (RUN mode).
[MODE —— WRT displayed. For writing or checking programs.
—— PCL displayed. For clearing programs.
[F] — D displayed. if [EX is pressed, unit of angular measurement is specified as degrees.
— R displayed. if [XH is pressed, unit of anguiar measurement is specified as radians.
[€] — 6 displayed. if is pressed, unit of angular measurement is specified as grads.
— Fix displayed. Entering a value from 0 to 9 followed by [EE will specify the number of decimal
places according to the value entered. Ех. 3 — Three decimal places.
— Sci displayed. Entering a value from 0 to 9 followed by [EXH will specify the number of significant
digits from 1 to 10. Ex. 5 6x8 — 5 significant digits
ORE ~ 10 significant digits
[5] — Pressine[ T ][EXE will cancel the specified number of decimal places or pressing ZE will cancel
the specified number of significant digits
*** If you have not specified the number of decimal places or the number of significant digits, you can press
MODE LT JoR (2) EXBand the change the range of the exponential display (NORM 1 / NORM 2)
«++ With the exception of the BASE-N mode, modes [7] ~ [9] can be used in combination with the manual
calculation modes.
+++ The mode last selected is retained in memory when the unit's power is switched off,
C] — Defm displayed. Entering a value followed by will specify the number of memories
available.
Ex. [Moe [-] 10 6x8 — Number of memories available increased by 10.
— Specifies COMP mode for arithmetic calculation or function calculation
(program execution possible)
[MODE [=] — For binary, octal or hexadecimal calculations / conversions (BASE-N mode)
[x] —— For standard deviation calculations (SD mode).
[=] — For regression calculations (LR mode).
The x and */ functions are not available in the LR mode. To use these functions, first
perform the statistical operations and then press MODE to enter the COMP mode.
MODE] —— Pressed after a numeric value representing degrees ( * ) is input.
Pp
FHIFT] [MODE] —— Pressed after a numeric value representing radians ( r ) is input.
SHIFT (MODE) [4] — Pressed after a numeric value representing grads ( g ) is input.
4
Block
Alphabet key
Press to input alphabetic characters or special characters. Pressing displays “A” and allows the input of
only one character. After that, the unit returns to the status it was in before the key was originally pressed.
Pressing followed by AEFHA] displays“ S"“A” which will lock the unit in this mode and allow consecutive input
of alphabetic characters until ALPHAJis pressed again,
Goto
Program / Goto key
Press Prog enter a value from 0 to 9 and then press [EXE|to execute a program.
Ex, a — Execution of Program 1 begins
Pressing SHIFT] followed by will cause Goto to appear on the display. This is a jump command used in
programs,
Line
0 INS
CJ mae D Cursor / Replay keys
o Value
E. y
The C]key moves the cursorto the left, moves the cursor to the right. In the Plot function, the 0 key moves
the pointer up, and о moves the pointer down. Holding any of the keys down will cause the cursor to
continuously move in the respective direction.
Once a formula or numeric value is input and [EXE] is pressed, the key and [key become replay keys. In this
case, pressing > displays the formula or numeric value from the beginning, while pressing CJ displays it from the
end. This allows the formula to be executed again by changing the values.
Pressing followed by displays the insert cursor ( E ), Entering a value while the insert cursor is
displayed inserts the value in the position immediately preceding the insert cursor location.
Pressing followed by [Hi enters the “Lbi” (Label) command.
Pressing AIF] followed by [ling makes it possible to produce line graphs of regression lines
After you draw a graph, press SHIFT) [Vaud fo display a value that shows the x-coordinate for the current location of
the pointer on the graph. You can switch between display of the x-coordinate and the y-coordinate by pressing
E
Mal
Delete key :
Press to delete the character at the current position of the cursor. When the character is deleted, everything to the
right of the cursor position will shift one space to the left.
Pressing SHIFT] Mel EXE) will clear the memory contents.
OFFON
All clear / Power ON/ Power OFF key
Press to clear all input characters or formulas. You can also use this key to clear the error message from the
display.
‚Press pjto switch the power on (even if power was switched off by the Auto Power Off function).
Press БНР) to switch the power off. Note that made setting and memory contents are protected even when
power is turned off.
[EXE] Execute key |
Press to obtain the result of a calculation or to draw a graph. Pressed after data input for a programmed calculation
ar to advance to the next execution after a calculation result is obtained.
(4
[Ans] Answer / Minus key
SPACE
Pressing find followed by will recall the last calculation result. It can be recalled by even after it has
been cleared using the [iq] key or by switching the power off. When used during program execution, the last result
calculated can be recalled. :
Press following SHIFT] key to entering a numeric value to make that value negative. Ex: -123— SHIFT) [0] Y
Press following [ALPHA] key to input a space,
e Numeric / Decimal point / Exponent input keys
When entering numeric values, enter the number in order. Press the [7] key to enter the decimal point in the
desired position.
Ех. То три! 1.23 Хх 10° — ргез 1.23 (ЕХА БН) [1 6.
[SHIFT] key combinations for the various modes are as follows:
ra deviation Paired variable statistic
functions can be used functions can be used
Pol(, Rec(, Rnd, Ran# and
x cannot be used in this
mode
. Calculation keys
Reel Zonal Zoom al
=] E [x] [=] Arithmetic operation keys
us; 8 в T
‘For aie aie (acte and division, enter the calculation as it reads. [SAIFT key combinations for
the various modes are as follows:
COMP mode
Zoom — Following SHIFT), this key causes the graph currently shown on the display to be enlarged or
reduced in accordance with the factor setting.
COMP mode or SD mode
Por — Coordinate transformation
LR mode
[X] [¥] — Estimated value calculation of x andy
Por —— Coordinate transformation
. Graph keys
Used to produce a variety of graphs. These keys cannot be used in the BASE-N mode,
Zoom Org
Graph / Original zoom key
4 2
Press before entering a formula to be used for a graph ( “Graph Y=" appears on the display}.
Press to return an enlarged or reduced graph to its original size.
When pressed following the [ALPHA key, the results of each section of the programmed calculations or
consecutive calculations are sequentially displayed with each press of EXE].
Factor
Range / Factor key
Used to confirm or set the range and size of graphs
Press following БЕТЕТ 10 magnify or reduce the upper and lower ranges of graphs.
Press following ALPHA in order to assign the same value to more than one memory.
Ex. To store the value 456 to memories A through F: 456 [=] SH ALPEA| [4] [=] [F]
Flor
Trace / Plot key
Used to trace over an existing graph and display the x or y coordinate value.
Press following FHIFT] to plot a point on the graph screen. FAS
To indicate data input within a programmed calculation or repeat calculation, press and then [7]
Ch
GT] Graph-Text / Clear screen key
Switches between the graph display and text display
SMF] CH EXE clears the graph display (“done” is displayed)
© Function keys
Press for functional calculation. Various uses are available in combination with the SHIFT key, or depending
on the mode being used.
Multi-statement key
noz k Graph-Text/ Clear screen key
Press to separate formulas or commands in programmed calculati
The result of such combination is known as a multi-statement.
Press following FHIFT] in the BASE-N made to enter the logical operation for negation of logical sums (xnor).
[ENG ] Engineering / Negation key
Noti m
Press Sn convert a ag result to an Expl mias whose ее is a multiple of three.
gig milli
(10°= e 10° = M. 10°=G, 107?=m, 10 10%, r= и
When obtaining logical negation for a value in the BASE-N mode, press prior to entering the value.
Press following the SHIFT] key in the BASE-N mode to obtain the exclusive logical sum.
Int
Square root / Integer key
Decuys H -
Press prior to entering a numeric value and press [EXE] to obtain the square root of that value
When pressed following the SHIFT] key. the integer portion of a value can be obtained.
Press followed by in the BASE-N mode to specify the decimal calculation mode.
When pressed following the key in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a
decimal value.
Frac
ERE Square / Fraction key
Hexts N
Press after a numeric value is entered and press [EXE to obtain the square of that value,
Press following key prior to inputting number in order to obtain fraction part of that number.
Press followed by [EXH in the BASE-N mode to specify the hexadecimal calculation mode,
When pressed following the key in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a
hexadecimal value.
10
[Jog] common logarithm / Antilogarithm key
Bin wap
Press prior to entering a value and press[EXE to obtain the common logarithm of that value,
‘When pressed following the [SHIFT] key, the subsequently entered value becomes an exponent of 10,
Press followed by in the BASE-N mode to specify the binary calculation mode.
When pressed following the SHIFT] key in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a
binary value.
e
Natural logarithm / Exponential key
et bu f
Press prior to entering a value and press [EXE to obtain the common logarithm of that value,
When pressed following the [SHIFT] key, the subsequently entered value becomes an exponent of e
Press followed by [EXA in the BASE-N mode to specify the octal calculation mode.
When pressed following the [HET key in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as
an octal value.
al a
[XT] Reciprocal / Factorial key
A A
Press after entering a value and press [EXH to obtain the reciprocal of that value.
When pressed following the SHIFT] key, the factorial of a previously entered value can be obtained.
Press in the BASE-N mode to enter A (10) of 4 hexadecimal value.
—
[77] Degree / minute /second key (decimal «> sexagesimal key)
iB B
Press to enter sexagesimal value (degree / minute / second or hour / minute / second).
Ех: 78° 45712” — 78["] 45] DE]
When pressed following the FHIFT key, a decimal based value can be displayed in degrees/minutes/seconds
(hours/minutes/seconds).
Press in the BASE-N mode to enter B (11,0) of a hexadecimal value.
7
hy Hyperbolic key
кс 2
Pressing fy and then fai, fod. or fad prior to entering a value produces the respective hyperbolic function
(sinh, cosh, tanh) for the value.
Pressing BRIFIL then and then fi, fod or fa prior to entering a value produces the respective inverse
hyperbolic function (sinh, cosh’, tanh”) for the value. y
Press fiy in the BASE-N mode to enter C (12,4) of à hexadecimal value. -
sin* cos tour!
Trigonometric function / Inverse trigonometric function keys
p 5H # ЕЁ
Press one of these keys prior to entering a value to obtain the respective trigonometric function for the value
Press EHIFT) and then one of these keys prior to entering a value to obtain the respective inverse trigonometric
function for the value, Е
Press in the BASE-N mode to enter D, E, F (1315, 1415, 1519) of a hexadecimal value. |
dic
Fraction / Negative key
Neg G
Use this key for input of simple fractions and mixed fractions.
Ex. To input 23/45: 23 45 To input 2-3/4: 2 fab] 3 far 4
For improper fractions, press this key following FHTFT| (indicated by SE В г] in this manual)
Press in the BASE-N mode prior to entering a value to obtain the negative of that value. The negative
number is the two's complement of the value entered,
[=] Assignment key |
tas H
Press prior to entering a memory to assign the result of a caleulation to the memory
Ex To assign the result of 12+45 to memory A: 12445 — [A] EX
Press this key following FHIFT]to clear all data from the statistical memories. |
Parenthesis keys
1 F
Press the open parenthesis key and the closed parenthesis key at the position required in a formula.
When pressed following the key, a comma or semicolon can be inserted to separate the arguments in
coordinate transformation or consecutive calculations.
Abs
Power / Absolute value key
эта серы К
Enter x (any number), press this key, and then enter y (any number) to compute x to the power of y, In the SD
or LR mode, this function is only available after pressing the SHIFT]key. E
Press following the FHiFT]key to obtain the absolute value of a subsequently entered numeric value.
Press in the BASE-N mode to obtain a logical product (“and”).
. Press in the SD or LR mode to delete input data.
ye
[+] Root / Cube root key
oF La Lo
Enter x, press this key, and then enter y to calculate the xth root of y. In the 8D or LR mode, this function is
only available after pressing the key. :
Press following the FEIFT key to obtain the cube root of a subsequently entered numeric value.
Press in the BASE-N mode to obtain à logical sum (“or”)
Used as a data input key in the SD or LR mode.
. Contrast
If the display becomes dim and difficult to read, even if you increase contrast, it probably means that battery
power is getting low. In such a case, replace battery as soon as possible. After replacing battery, perform the
RESET operation. E
® GENERAL CALCULATION INFORMATION
14.1 Calculation priority sequence
This calculator employs true algebraic logic to calculate the parts of a formula in the following order;
1) Coordinate transformation; Pol (x, y), Rectr, 67)
2) Type A functions: With these functions, the value is entered and then the function Key is pressed.
E 3 ET
3) Power/Root: x, "y
4) Fractions: ab/c
5) Abbreviated multiplication format in front of x, memory or parenthesis 2x, 4R, ete.
6) Type B functions: With these functions, the function key is pressed and then the value is entered.
JV ,log, In, eX, 10%, sin, cos, tan, sin, cos”, tan”!, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh"!, cosh°!, tanh°!, (-), Abs, Int,
Frac, parenthesis, (following in BASE-N calculations only) d, h, b, 0, Neg, Not
==
—
7) Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B functions: 23, A log2, etc.
8) XxX, +
ES
10) and (BASE-N calculations only)
11) or, xor, znor (BASE-N calculations only)
2) Relational operators <, >, =, %, <, 7
When functions with the same priority are used in series, execution is performed from right to left.
еЧп 120 = e fin( YT]
Otherwise, execution is from left to right.
Compound functions are executed from right to left,
Anything contained within parentheses receives highest priority.
=
. Number of stacks
This calculator uses a memory known as a “stack” for temporary storage of low priority numeric values and
commands (functions, etc.) The numeric value stack has 10 levels, while the command stack has 24. If a formula
exceeds the stack space available, a stack error (Stk ERROR) message appears in the display.
#)+3)+5)+
ДЕ
Numeric stack value Command stack
#*# Caleulations are performed in sequence, with the highest priority operation first. Once a calculation is
executed, it is cleared from stack.
. Calculation modes
This unit features modes for manual calculations, storing programs, and modes for general as well as statistical
calculations.
Operation modes
There are a total of three operation modes,
1) RUN mode: Graph production as well as manual calculations and program executions.
2) WRT mode: Program storage and editing.
3) PCL mode: Deletion of stored programs.
Calculation modes :
There are a total of four calculation modes which are employed according to the type of calculation.
1) COMP mode: General calculations, including functional calculations.
2) BASE-N mode: binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversion and calculations, as well ‚a5 logical
operations. Function calculations and graph drawing cannot be performed. 4
3) SD mode: Standard deviation calculation (single-variable statistics),
4) LR mode: Regression calculation (paired-variable statistics)
With s0 many modes available, calculations should always be performed after confirming which mode is active.
*** When the power of the unit is switched off (including AUTO Power Off), the current system mode is
cancelled, and the unit will be set to the RUN mode when switched on again. However, the calculation mode,
number of decimal place setting ( [MODE] [7] n), number of significant digits ( n), and angle unit (Deg,
Rad, Gra) will be retained in memory.
24% To return to standard operation (initialized state) press [MODE] [+] (COMP mode) - [9 (вом
mode) — [F] (Norm mode).
. Number of input / output digits and calculation digits
The allowable input / output range (number of digits) of this unit is 10 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an
exponent. Calculations, however, are internally performed with a range of 12 digits for mantissa and 2 digits for an
exponent.
Example: 3 x10°:7=
355 3] 758
3595 E) 7 1425768
«## Calculation results greater than 10'* (10 billion) or less than 107 (0.01) are displayed in exponential
form.
Example: 123456789 x 9638 12
123456789 [7] 9638 1.189876532
Once a calculation is completed, the mantissa is rounded off to 10 digits and displayed. The displayed
mantissa can be used for the next calculation.
se Г 4285714286 |
3585 3) 758 a e]
[=] 42857 Ex :
+0 Values are stored in memory with 12 digits for the mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent,
. Overflow and errors
If the calculation range of the unit is exceeded, or incorrect inputs are made, an error message will appear on the
display window and subsequent operation will be suspended. This is the error check function.
The following operations will result in errors:
1) The answer, whether intermediate or final, or any value in memory exceeds the value of
+ 9.999999999X 10%,
2) An attempt is made to perform functional calculations that exceed the input range.
3) Improper operation during statistical calculations. (Ex. Attempting to obtain ¥ or xo n without data input)
4) The capacity of the numeric value stack or the command stack is exceeded.
(Ex. Entering 23 successive [7 ]s followed by 2 3 [x] 48)
—
5) Even though memory has not been expanded, a memory name such as Z [2] is used,
6) Input errors are made. (Ex. 5 [x] [x] 3 EXE)
7) When improper arguments are used in commands or functions that require arguments.
(e.g. Input of an argument outside of the range of 0-9 for Sci or Fix.)
The following error messages will be displayed for the operations noted above:
1-3 Ma ERROR
4 Stk ERROR
5 Mem ERROR
6 Syn ERROR
7 Arg ERROR
Besides these, there is a “Ne ERROR” (nesting error) and a “Go ERROR”. These errors mainly occur when
using programs. :
. Number of input characters
This unit features a 127-step area for calculation execution.
One function comprises one step. Each press of numeric or [£][=][x] and [=] keys comprise one step. Though
such operations as [SHIFT] require two keys operations, they actually comprise only one function and,
therefore, only one step. These steps can be confirmed using the cursor. With each press of the gor Dkey the
cursor is moved one step. .
Input characters are limited to 127 steps. Usually the cursor is represented by a blinking “> but once the 121st
step is reached the cursor changes to a blinking “BI”. Tf the “BM” appears during a calculation, the calculation
should be divided at some point and performed in two parts.
+ When numeric values or calculation commands are input, they appear on the display window from the left.
Calculational results, however, are displayed from the right.
. Graphic and text displays
This unit has a graph display for production of graphs, as well as a text display for production of formulas and
commands. These two types of display contents are stored independently.
Switching between graph and text displays is performed using the 6) key. Each press of - G=] switches from
the current type of display to the other.
Example:
(Text display) (Graphic display) (Text display) (Graphic display)
Cairn 5) == EA = E AA
sin X_ done
Operations to clear the display depend upon the type of display being shown:
Graphs: GRIFTCHEXE Text:
Pressing the id key causes a cleared text display to appear if pressed during a graph display.
. Corrections
To make corrections in a formula that is being input, use the ¢J and keys to move to the position of the error
and then press the correct keys.
44% If after making corrections, input of the formula is complete, the answer can be obtained by pressing.[EXE If,
however, more is to be added to the formula, advance the cursor using the D key to the end of the formula for
input.
@ If an unnecessary character has been included in a formula, use the Q and D keys to move to the position of
the error and press the [PEL key. Each press of [DEL] will delete one command (one step)
e If a character has been omitted from a formula, use the (J and D keys to move to the position where the
character should have been input, and press FHnF) followed by the [NS] key. Press (SHIFT) [NS] and insertions can
be subsequently performed as desired.
+++ When SHIFT [Ns] are pressed, the letter at the insertion position is surrounded by 'E 7 and blinks. The insert
function is activated until you press y, 0, or [AC]or until you press [SHIFT] {NS again.
® Memory
This unit contains 26 standard memories. Memory names are composed of the 26 letters of the alphabet. Numeric
values with 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent can be stored.
Example: To store 123.45 in memory A:
12345 El ES
Values are assigned to a memory using the [=] key followed by the memory name,
Example: To store the sum of memory A+78.9 in memory B:
ACTA] 789 El
Example: To add 74.12 to memory B:
[LPRA] [8] [+] 74.12 EJ (PRA) [3] EXE B+74.12—B_
276.47
® To check the contents of a memory, press the name of the memory to be checked followed by [EXH.
CTC] E
9 To clear the contents of a memory (make them 0), proceed as follows:
Example: To clear the contents of memory A only:
о Е) НА) С) Е
Example: To clear the contents of all the memory
SHIFT) pac] [EX Mel_
® To siore the same numeric value to multiple memories, press [ALPHA] followed by [=] .
Example: to store a value of 10 in memories A through J:
10 €] farnpcena) [A] [] [7] 6 10—A=1
10.
® Memory expansion
Though there are 26 standard memories, they can be expanded by changing program storage steps to memory.
Memory expansion is performed by converting 8 steps to one memory.
Number of memories 26 | 28) Ji ae JO ha AA | 70 |
Number of steps 400 392 | 384 | + | 320 | + | 16 am 1.0 |
Memory is expanded in units of one. A maximum of 50 memories can be added for a maximum total of 76(26+50).
ES is performed by pressing (MODE), followed by [1]. a value representing the size of the expansion, and
then [EXE
“i À To expand the number of memories by 30 to bring the total to 56.
ws 0
GE M-56 S-160
Number of memories Current number of remaining steps
The number of memories and number of remaining steps are displayed. The number of remaining steps indicates
the current unused area, and will differ according to the size of the program stored. To check the current number
of memories press [MODE], followed by [. ] and then
J M-56 S-160
To initialize the number of memories (to return the number to 26), enter a zero for the value in the memory
expansion sequence outlined above,
[3 (ES M-26 585-400
44% Though a maximum of 50 memories can be added, if a program has already been stored and the number of
remaining steps is less than the desired expansion, an error will be generated. The size of the memory expansion
must be equal to or less than the number of steps remaining.
**# The expansion procedure ( MODE] [. ] expansion value) can also be stored as program.
e Using expanded memories
Expanded memories are used in the same manner as standard memories, and are referred to as Z[1], Z[2], etc. The
letter Z followed by a value in brackets indicating the sequential position of the memory is used as the memory
name (Brackets are formed by[ALPHA] for “[” and for “]”). After the number memories have been
expanded by 5, memories Z[1] through Z[5] are available,
2. Manual Calculations
® Basic Calculations
e Arithmetic operations
Arithmetic operations are performed by pressing the keys in the same sequence as in the formula.
For negative values, press ari before entering the value.
Example Key Operation Display Remark
23+4.5-53= 23 [+7 E] 45 EIS 53 Ex 255
56x(-12)=(-2.5)= 268.8
Results greater than. 1010 |
12369 7522 12 ЕН
12369x7532x74103= 74103 E [x] 6.903680613 (10billion) or less than 10-2 (0. 01)
are displayed in exponential form. |
75 7 -03
(4.5x10x(-2.2x107)= a -1.035 | NORMI
The correct result cannot be |
derived by entering E r=
(2+3)x107= ee 3 В! 500. {3 [7] 2. Be sd or
* ЧЕ 1 between the [T] and Exp in |
‘| this example, |
Ox10%+7= 185 7158 ; 14285.71429 | Internal calculations are calculated
with 12 digits for a mantissa, and
the result is displayed rounded off
(110%) 7-14285= E E170] 07142857 | to 10 digits. Internally, however,
14285 [EXE the mantissa of-the result is 12
digits.
For mixed arithmetic operations, multiplication and division are given priority over addition and subtraction.
Example Key Operation Display Remark
3+5x6= 3 [+] 5 [5] 68 33.
7х8-4х5= 8[-14 5 36.
1+2-3x4+5+6=
12
Parenthesis calculations
Example Key Operation Display Remark
100 [- 2
4 =
100-(2+3)x4= 3 El sE 80.
Closed parentheses occurring
243x(4+5)= 2] 3 6] [04 99 | immediately before operation of
5 [EXE “ [the key may be omitted, no
matter how many are required.
A multiplication sign (x)
7 2
(7-2)x(8x5)= = Ox [as 65. | occurring immediately before an
open parenthesis can be omitted.
5 2 7[x] ### Henceforth, abbreviated style
10-{2+7 = 3 ,
(#9999) 6 Sie 55 will not be used in this manual.
(2x3+4)+5= E 1-01 2.
[(J5 [x] 6 [+] 6
(5x6+6x8)+(15x4+12x3) 815] [=] [1] 15 4 0.8125
2 E 3D)
(L2x10'- Cr IS 18
2 Е [EAT] 45
{(2.5x107%}x3+100}= 100 7] EE
6 [= - 5 This case is the same as 6 4
NN [0 4 [950 03| а [+]
. Memory calculations
Memory contents are not erased when power is off. They are cleared by pressing BHF] followed by Mel
and thenfExXE.
Example Key Operation Display Remark
9.874 [=| [ALPHA] 9.874 | The [=] key is used to input
numeric values in memory.
9.874x7= [x] 7x5 69.118 | (Clearing a memory before
input is not required, because
9.874x12= [ALPHA] [A] [55] 12E% | 118.488 | the previous value in the
= ad ТЕ be replaced
9,874x26= cena) [A] [x] 26BXH | 256.724 | with new value.)
9.874x29= an [A] 2E 286.346
23+9= 32.
53-6= 47.
79.
45x2= 90.
3 -HL,
99+3= 33.
22.
12x(2.3+3.4)-5= 57
63.4
30х(2.3+3.4+4.5) 5.7 | Multiplication signs (x)
ET не. 4.5 | immediately before memory
Si: names can be omitted.
238.5
. Specifying the number of decimal places, the number of significant digits, and the exponent display
To specify the number of decimal places, press followed by [7] a value indicating the number of
places (0-9), and then EXE.
To specify the number of significant digits, press MODE] followed by [*] a value indicating the number of
significant digits (0-9 to set from 1 to 10 digits), and then
Press the [ENG key or [SHIFT] followed by [ENG] will cause the exponent display for the number being displayed
to change in multiples of 3.
The specified number of decimal places or number of significant digits will not be cancelled until another
value or [MODE] [9] is specified using the sequence: MODE) [9], [EXE Specified values are not cancelled even
if power is switched off or another mode (besides [MODE] [9])is specified. 2
Even if the number of decimal places and number of significant digits are specified, internal calculations are;
performed in 12 digits for a mantissa, and the displayed value is stored in 10 digits. To convert these valües
to the specified number of decimal places and significant places and significant digits, press SHIFT] followed
by [nd and then[EXH.
You cannot specify the display format (Fix, Sci) while the calculator is in the BASE-N mode. Such
specifications can only be made if you first exit the BASE-N mode.
Example Key Operation Display Remark
100+6= 100 [+] 6 16.66666667
459 tix | Four decimal places specified
16.6667
[9] 16.66666667 | Specification cancelled
[5] 5 ES señor | Five significant digits specified
1.6667
[9] 16.66666667 | Specification cancelled
+** Values are displayed rounded off to
the place specified,
3 Ex 16.667 | Three decimal places specified.
Fix | Continues culculation with 10 digits
200 [=] 7 28.571 | display.
200+7x14 Fix
[x] | 857142857x_
Fix
14 400.000
Fin | If the same calculation is performed
200 7 28.571 | with the specified number of digits.
— Fix | Value stored internally cut off at
Бет) Ва) [EXE 28.571 | specified decimal place.
Fix
x] 28.571x_
es 399,994
(] 399.994 | Specification cancelled
123m x 456 03
atin 123 [x] 456 BHEQ 56.088
06
= km Бет) Е 0.056088
78g x 0.96 = 73 [096 EE 74.88
un
= "ke FFT ENG 0.07488
e Special Functions
. Answer function
The answer function stores the result of the most recent calculatión. Once a numeric value or numeric expression
is entered and [EXE is pressed, the result is stored by this function.
To recall the stored value, press the [And key. When [od is pressed, “Ans” appears on the display along with the
answer function value. The value can be used in subsequent calculations.
NOTE: Since the “Ans” function works just like any other memory, it will be referred to as “Ans
memory” throughout this manual.
Example: 123+456=579 789-579=210
Ag 123 [7] 456 [xg 579.
789 - [And | 789-Ans_
EXE 210.
Numeric valúes with 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent can be stored in the Ans memory. The
Ans memory is not cleared even if the power is turned off. Each time [EXE is pressed, the value in the Ans memory
is replaced with the value produced by the new calculation. When execution of a calculation Fi in an error,
however, the Ans memory retains its current value.
When a value is stored to another memory using the [EXE key, that value is not stored in the Ans memory.
Example: Perform calculation 78+56=134, then store the value 123 to memory A: by
78 [+] 56 28 134.
[Ang ... Checking the content of Ans 134.
123 [= JAE 53 =
ES
The Ans memory can be used in the same manner as the other memories, thus making it possible to use it in
calculation formulas. In multiplication operations, the [x] immediately before Ans can be omitted.
Example: 15x3=45 78 x 45 - 23 = 3487
ED E
786) E] EE 3487.
Continuous calculation function
Even if calculations are concluded with the key, the result obtained can be used for further calculations. Such
calculations are performed with JO digits mantissa of the displayed value.
Example 1: To calculate +3.14 after 3x4=12 Example 2: To calculate 1+-3x3
9548 55e [1]
(Continuing) [+] 3.14 12.+3.14 1 3 [Ex 0.333333333
EXE 3.821656051. (Continuing) [x] 3 [EX 0.999999999
This function can be used with memory and Type A functions (%, x, x!, ** *, * 55, +, —, a and Y
Example 1: To store the result of 12x45 in memory C: Example 2: To square the result of 78+ 6=13
cmos [sw] Esme
coin rm cg | 540—C | comm [3] 132
= [so] вв
Replay function
This function stores the latest formula executed. After execution is complete, pressing either the 0 or D key will
display the formula.
Pressing D will display the formula from the beginning, with the cursor located under the first character. Pressing
will display the formula from the end, with the cursor located at the space following the last character. After this,
use D and Cto move the cursor to check the formula. You can edit numeric es or commands for subsequent
execution,
NOTE: As with the number of input steps, the Replay function can accept input of up to 127 steps.
Error position display function
When an ERROR message appears, press p or q to display the calculation with the cursor located at the step
that caused the error, You can also clear an error by pressing AC and then reenter the value and formulas from the
beginning.
. Multi-statement function
® The multi-statement function available in program calculations can also be used in manual calculations.
e With the multi-statement function, multiple statements are linked together with a colon ([: )separating them.
® Pressing the [EXH key after a multi-statement is entered causes the entire chain of statements to be executed
from left to right.
Using “4” [4] ) in place of a colon displays the calculation result up to the point that “4” is
encountered
Example: 6.9x123=848.7 123+3,2=38.4375
123 Е) о) С [5]
69 ERC Y
prema] [A] [=] 32
: Disp
EE 848.7
Appears on display when “4” is used.
EE 38.4375
*+** The final result of a multi-statement is always displayed, whether a “4” symbol is input at the end of the last
statement in the chain.
+54 consecutive calculations contained in multi-statements cannot be performed
123x456 : x5 (Invalid)
15
© Functional calculations
. Angular measurement units
The unit of angular measurement (degrees, radians, grads) is set by pressing [MODE] followed by a value from
4 through 6 and Фет ЕВ.
The numeric value from 4 through 6 specifies degrees, radians and grads respectively.
Once a unit of angular measurement is set, it remains in effect until a new unit is set. Settings are not cleared
when power is off.
You cannot specify the unit of angular measurement (degrees, radians, grads) while the calculator is in the
BASE-N mode. Such specifications can only be made if you first exit the BASE-N mode.
Example Key Operation Display Remark
7 243 5070629
0.019320794
7? radians
8.766666667
4774.20181
486.33497
="rad
85.76077464
= 7 grad E] +] 41.2 В)
2663.873462
. Trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions
Be sure to set the unit of angular measurement before performing trigonometric function and inverse
trigonometric function calculations.
The noted below in the BASE-N
Example Key Operation Display
Es 0.897859012
0.5
sec( 7 /3 rad)=
1/ cos( 1/3 rad)=
cos y 2/2=? rad MODH LS 5 Tf the total number of digits
= Rf4rad | MEE] | |? 2 DES 0.785398163 | for degrees / minutes /
x 4 0.249999999 seconds exceeds 10, the
AODI 4 2 high-order values (degrees |
HEE 0.741 BF 3653844576 and minutes) are given
fre [7] 36° 321847 | display priority, and any
lower-order — values are
not displayed. However, the
= entire value is stored as
a decimal value. |
wi'0.741= Y
D
FF Es] 0.9 [5] [7] | 6%’ 131357”
25xisin'0.8-c0s10.9) | 25 [x] [1] BOE 0.8 [-]
murs
® Logarithmic and exponential functions
The noted below cannot be in the BASE-N mode,
Example Key Operation Display
|
|
|
0.089905111
4.49980967
0.434294481 | log/In ratio = constant M
| x.log
4=
10:3 =
=
4225878667
0
% (123) =
(18-23)? =
243x3V 64-4= 2133] 6 453 E "
2x3.48467 = 3306232.
over x and +
® Hyperbolic functions and inverse hyperbolic functions
below cannot be the BASE-N mode.
1.856761057
0.986614298
-1.5
0.795365461
0.343941914
sinh” 2xcosh™'1.5= sin] 2 {x 1.389388923
(7 [+
sin 3
Бур) ВЕЕТ) [ва | О) 4 [+] 5 DJEXE
e Coordinate transformation
+
1.723757406
sinh '(2/3)+tanh" (4/5)
E
Your calculator lets you convert between rectangular coordinates and polar coordinates.
Rectangular coordinates Polar coordinates
Y
Puy)
0 т X
Calculation results are stored in variable memory I and variable memory J. Contents of variable memory 1
are displayed first. To display contents of memory J, press [ALPHA]
With polar coordinates, 6 can be calculated within a range of -180" < 8 180” . The calculation range is
the same for radians and grads.
The operations noted below cannot be performed in the BASE-N mode.
17
Remark
20.7 [EXE
m 55.92839019
557 9804277
= "ad @= Trad 4
r= Tra ra las
r=25 8=56"
x=? у=?
56 El
Di 20.72593931
r=4.5 e=2/31
x=? y=?
2[+]3
. Other functions( Y, xx! XxX 2 Y, Ran, Abs, Int, Frac)
noted below cannot be in the BASE-N mode.
1/(1/3-1/4) =
EN=2xJx""18 )=
= ? aliquot part
. Fractions
Fractions are input and displayed in the following order: integer, numerator, denominator.
Example Key Operation Display Remark
2/5 +3, 1/4 2 5 3 59) 1 bg 4 3, 13,20. | Fractions can be converted to
= ?fractions (Conversion to décimal) 3,65 | decimals and then converted back to
= "decimal : fractions.
3456/78 3 [abi] 456 [abe] 78 [exe 8, 11.13. | Fractions and improper fractions
=811/13 (continuing) [sar Eg 115,13. | which can be reduced become
(Reduced) reduced fractions when a calculation
command key is pressed.
Press [SHIFT] [i to convert (0 improper
fraction.
1/2578+1/4572= | | [rg] 2578 1 4572. ха 6.0662025 47 Jn - total A of da
integer, 3
(NORMI | denominator and delimiter mark
mode) | exceeds 10, the input fraction is
displayed in decimal format.
1/2 %05= 2 [EXE 0.25 |Calculations contaming both fractions
189 209 ОЗ Ве and decimals are calculated in
he a ES decimal form.
1/3 x(-4/5)-5/6 = || 1 593 [2] Бет) 4 59 5 [=] -L 1, 10.
5 hi 6 Ex
172xX1/341/4X1/5 |Thbq2 [=] 15543 13, 60.
= |
1/2/3=1/6 [0 1 659 2 [5] Е59 За 1. 6.
1/01/3+1/4)= 1 659 [7] 16893 -1L 5,7. |Fractional calculations can be
| abd 4 performed by using parentheses in the
numerator or d
® Binary. Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal calculations
Binary, octal, decimal. and | decimal calculations ersions, and logical operations are performed in the
BASE-N mode ( aß)
The number system (2.8,10,16) is set by respectively pressing [SI [OCT]. orfEY followed by EXE). A
corresponding symbol = *b", “0”, “d” or “h” appears on the display.
Number systems are specified for spécifie values by Dressing IE, then the number system designator (b, o,
d, or hy, immediately followed by the value. '
General function calculations cannot be performed in the BASE-N mode,
Only integers can be handled in the BASE-N mode. If a calculation produces a result that includes a decimal
value, the decimal portion is cul off.
Octal, decimal, and hexadecimal calculations can be handled up ta 32 bit, while binary can be handled up 10
The total range of numbers handled in this mode is 0.1, 2.3, 4, 5.6. 7.8.9 LAC BL CLD; ELE I values not
valid for the particular number system are used. attach the corresponding designator (bo, d'or h}, or sn error
will
in binary, hexadecimal are expressed as two's
To distinguish the A, B, C, D, E and F used in the hexadecimal system from standard letters. they appear as
shown in the chart below.
Calculation range (in BASE-N mode)
Binary Positive = OT 11H1=xæ0
Negative НИ 2х2 1000000000
Octal Positive 1777777777 2x20
Negative 3777777777 2x 22000000000
Decimal 2147483647> x>—2 147483648
Hexadecimal Positive: TEFFFFFF2x 20
Negative -—: FFFFFERF 2x2 80000000
You cannot spécify the unit of angular measurement (degress. radians, grads) or the-display format (Fix, Sci)
while the caleulator is in thé BASE-N mode. Such specifications can only be made if you first exit the
BASE-N mode,
. Binary, octal. decimal, hexadecimal conversions
Example Key Operation Display Remark
ЗА = Места! E] BASEN ;
[3
274,5 ?decimal
1] 2AÉY 4
3 e
=r [5] 273 20) 188
123,0 7 hesadecimal [es EXE BASE-R ОВ
10104= ? hexadecimal h
Gener) [a] 12325 В
1010859 y
1855 octal BASEN o
00; octal I o
15 25
o
[5] 1100 14
! HEY BASEN b
IF = Blas
b
SHIFT 36 [EXE] 100100
h
(me (5 1F7 55 HLTH
Example Key Operation Display
b
Negation of 110010, b
1111001110
o
o
7777777706
h
FFFFFFC6
. Basic arithmetic operations using binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal values
Example Key Operation Display Remark
10111,+11010, MODE] [-] BASEN
= Binary Bin) [EXE >
10111 11010 [EXH 110001
B47,.-DF,, He [EXE BASEN E
= ?hexadecimal h
B47 [] DF EX AS.
123 xABC, BASEN 0
=? hexadecimal | BHF] [2] 123 [F] ABC EX 37AF4
=?decimal == d
Per 2280
1F2D 100, BASEN d
=? hexadecimal | Бе) [5] 1820 [7] 100ExE 7881
h
E ECO
7654,+1 2 10 Ped EXE] BASE-N d
= "decimal d
Zero | SEEN [o] 7654 912 334
о
ERS) Е 516
1234+ 1EF +24, | BHIFI [a] 1234 BHF [1] BASEN - =
= ?decimal
= ?decimal 1EF 24 EXE a
Ded 1258
© Logical operations
Logical operations are performed through logical products (and), logical sums (or), negation (Not), exclusive
sums and of exclusive sums
Example Key Operation Display Remark
19,,AND 1A,
= hexadecimal
= Thinary
= 700€
716)
= binary
= ?hexadecimal
o
o
7777776543
h
20
® Statistical calculations
. Standard deviation
Standard deviation calculations are performed in the SD mode (MODE) (x]). “SD” appears on the display.
e
e Before beginning calculations, the statistical memories are cleared by pressing SHIFT] followed by [Sc] and
ten ES
e Individual data are input using(DT]
e Multiple data of the same value can be input either by repeatedly pressing [DT] or by entering the data,
pressing SAIFT, followed by [7] (that presents the number of times the data is repeated) and then [DT}
n
xx 2
0, = e, CARD. Ex E E Using all data from à finite population 10
eo E — determine the standard deviation for the
n n К
population
Using sample dota from a population to
[A 5 (#7; IE x= (EXYn determine the standard deviation for the
population
X,
2% zX
X= A
n
Heb. The values for n, Ix, and Tx? are stored in memories W, V, and U respectively and can be obtained by
en le Key Operation "pay Remark
Data 55, 54, 51, 55, 53, 53, 54, *** You can press the
52 SHIFTHSCYEXE] (Clears function keys to obtain
D1) 54 [07] 51 [57] 55 D son 59, | results in any sequence
55 БЕ) 54 27) 52 py
1452368755 | Standard deviation on
1,552647509 | Standard deviation on- 1
53.875 | Mean x
8. | Number of data n
431. | Sum total Ex
To calculate the deviation of th
calcula e deviation of the continuin SHIFT) El 2410714286
unbiased variance, the difference ` no IA
between each datum, and mean | 55 EXE 1.125
of the above data Cesc
54 [3 [=] 0.125
51 [2] Fey [x] 2875
Eoin © anal oh So Dal |
To calculate x and or, for the
following data. 11 110,
130.
Class no. Value Frequency 150,
110 10 170.
2 130 31 190,
3 150 24 94.
4 170 - 21.15390155
5 190 3 21.26732811
145.9574468
##% Erroneous data clearing / correction I (correct data operation: 51 (DT)
1) SODTJis entered, enter correct data after pressing[cr].
2) If 49[DT]was input a number of entries previously, enter correct data sfter pressing 49 [CL].
#44 Erroneous data clearing / correction II (correct data operation: 130 GIFT] С) зи)
1) If 120 EHIFN (:] is entered, enter correct data after pressing[AC].
2) If 120 EAIFT [1] 31 is entered, enter correct data after pressing[AC}.
3) If 120 BAF [] 30[5]is entered, enter correct data after pressing[CL}
4) If 120 FHF [7] 30[DT]was entered previously, enter correct data after pressing 120 FHF [37] 30f€T]
21
® Regression calculation
Regression calculations are performed in the LR mode (MODEJE=]), “LR” appears on the display.
Before Eme calculations, the tabulation memories are cleared by pressing BHIET followed by [Sa and
Individual data are entered as x data [у data[bi].
Multiple data of the sume value can be entered by repeatedly pressing . This operation cam also be
performed by entering X data Ely data FF] =] following by a value representing the number of
time the data is repeated, and then [00]. ;
1 only x data is repeated (x data having the samme clue) enter НОЕ Cy data (Tor Sri] El y dutaloT|or
SEI) [=] y dara Frey) [1] followed by a value repressenting the number of times the data repeated. and
thenfDr}
1 only y data is repeated (y data having the same values, enter x dita PT]
or x data GEN [7] followed by a
value representing the total number of times the data is repeated, and then |!
Regression
Phe followings are the formulas used to calculate constant term A and regression coefficient B for the
regression formula y= A+Bx.
Constant term of regression formula Regression coefficient of regression formula
Yy-B. Xx n-Exy-Ex- Xy
A= LD A B= Ny AN
п 8. A
Estimited value X. and $ based on the regession formula can be calculated using the following formulas:
у = А+ Вх R=
(To obtain the estimated value ¥. BET] [7] is used, and to obtain estimated value х, FHI] is used.)
The correlation coefficient © for input data can be calculated using the following Formula:
n! Fxy-Ex Ny
in Ух) |} Ey EY]
NOTE: The values for n, Ex. EV. toe Ey. and Ex" are stored in memories W, V, U, R. midi DE and can
be obtained by pressing [MODA [ALPHA] followed by the memory name and then [EXE] El (L.e.[MODH [ALPHA] (EXE).
р
. Linear regression
Example Key Operation Display Remark
| er ще на
Relationship between | [MOD
temperature and the length
of steel bar Clears memory
Temperature Length
HFC 1LO02mm lo fr se 1003 En =
15°C HHS mim E E] 1005 M1] En 30.
20€ TO Omm 20 ВН 1010 5
(HF
25°C 1010mm 25 [sr] [|] 1011 pi) 30.
30°C 114mm 30 5] [3 1014 = не
997.3 | Constant term A
The data in the above can
be used to obtain the terms
of the regression formula
and me correlation
coefficient, Based on the
regression formula, the
estimated length of the steel
0.56 | Regression coefficient B
0982607368 | Correlation coefficient ¢
1007.48 | Length ar 18€
4.642857143 Temperature at 1000mm
bar at 18 °C an the 0965517241
temperature when the bar is
100mm long can be
calculated. The critical 3 я
coefficient (or) and Covariance
covariance
35
Exy-n K y
n-1
Can also be calculated.
sai Frroneous data clearing / correction (correct data operation: 10 [3 1003 Gi)
1) HI SEC] 1003 is entered, enter correct data after pressing (AC
[57] is entered, enter correct data after pressing [CT]
2 111 fr) (7) 100367:
ТЕ 11 (fre) () 1003 pis entered previously, enter correct data alter pressing nm) (1003 €]
ta
22
© Logarithmic regression
The regression formula is y=A+B. Inx Enter the x data as the logarithm (In) of x. and the y data inputs the
same as hat for linear regression.
Estimated values x, and y based on the regression formula can be calculated using the following formulas:
y= A+B Im x = ep [27]
The same operation as with linear regression can be used to obtain the regression coefficient and for making
corrections. To obtain the estimated calue $. (rx is used, and 10 obtain estimated value x. y
[Exel] [J Balen] is used.
Furthermore $x, x” and Yxy are obtained by Einx, E(1nx}*, and Elnx.y respectively.
Example Key Operation Display Remark
E
xi vi
29 1.6 Clear memory
50) 235
74 38.0 29) Gen [-] 1.6 336720583
103 46.4 fin} 501 Fina] [+] 23.5 3912023005
18 489 Um) 74) Gen [-] 380 4.304065093
[in] 103) SHIFT) [2] 464 4634728988
Cn) 18) MET [-] 489 Py] 4.770684624
The data in the above can
GE used been iheterms | FF] XE -111.1283976 | Constant term A
of the regression formula Er] 34-0201475 |'Résvession coëfficismeB
and the correlation Ван) [в] Ss
coefficient. Based on 0994013946 | Correlation coefficient r
the regression formula. rm] [) 68
estimated value y can be ( i] 80) SHI] [5] [EXE] 37.94879482 | $ when xi=80
obtained for xi=80. and
estimated value x can be | 73 нЕт [5] Exe)piurd(e) : :
obtained for yi=73. 224154133 | S when yi=73
e Exponential regression
The regression formula is y=A.e"* (Iny=inA+Bx). Enter the y date as the logarithm of y(in), und the x data
the same as that for linear regression.
Estimated values x, and ÿ based in the regression formula can be calculated using the following formulas:
jente" e tid
Correction is performed the same as in linear regression. Constant term A is obtained by SHIFI] [€] Eme]
[EXE] estimated value y is obtained by x EE [ud [EXE). and estimated value x is obtained
by (fin) y ) [SHIFT] Ey. Ey" and Exy are obtained by Elny. Y0Iny) and Ex.Iny respectively.
Example Key Operation Display Remark
xi vi :
69 214 Clear memory
129 15.7 ;
19.8 12.1 69 fard [71 [a] 21.4) D] 6.9
267 8,5 12.9 Ba [- ] Ce) 15:7) [DT] 12.9
35.1 52 19.8 [iF] Br i] 12.1) [5 19.8
26.7 BHF [7]¢ [i] 8.5) [BI] 26.7
35.1 Grey [- € 5.2) [ond 35.1
The data in the above CNO
can be used to obtain the | БЕТ Бет) [Ех
terms: of the regression
formula and the [E] EE
correlation coefficient,
Based on the regression
-0.049203708 | Regression coefficient B
-0,997247351 | Correlation coefficient г
formula, estimated value
в = 16 Ser] y JEXE) Se 1387915739 | y when xi=16
Y can be obtained for
xi=l6, and estimated E Ex]
etui can be obtained (5320) ние) [< 8.574868047 | x when yi=20
23
e Power regression
® The regression formula is y=Ax"(iny=1nA+B nx). Enter both data x and y as logarithms (In).
e Estimated values %, and y vased on the regression formula can be calculated using the following formulas:
ÿ=A ob î= Iny - InA
B
e Correction is performed the same as in linear regression. Constant term A is obtained by (smir[e] sE]
estimated value ÿ is obtained by fr] [SHIFT] Era and estimated calue x is obtained
by y ari E] ESEAMJEE. Ex, 2? Ey, sy” and Exy are obtained by Einx, E(Inx), Elny, E(Inyy, and
£lnx.Iny respectively.
Example Key Operation Display - Remark
: ;
Al у!
28 2410 pres ES Clear memory
30 3033
33 3895 (28) SET [EX 2410)
35 4491 С [9 30) я) [2-Х [9 3033) 07 3.401197382
38 5717 (33) BEE i 3895) 57) 3.496507561
(fd 35) [SHIFT [J [A 4491) PT] 3.555348061
(38) (SET) CY 9 5717 ) 2) 3.63758616
The data in the above can
be used to obtain the terms 0.197752493 | Constant term A
of the regression formula 3 ;
correlation | Е 2.823980627 | Regression coefficient B
dore Нос о 099974582 | Correlation coefficient r
: 4921091222
stimated value y be i
bined for 740, and (BEET | 66627038 | y when x i=40
estimated value % can be Vans] EXE
obtained for yi=1000. (fe) 1000) SEF] [3] Ga far] 20,49182029 | x when yi=1000
Ans Ire
ES
3. Graphs
e Built-in function graphs
The COMP mode of the RUN mode should be used when graphing functions. Some graphs can be produced in the
SD and LR modes, but certain graphs cannot be produced in these modes, The BASE-N graphs make it possible
to produce the graphs of basic functions.
cos tan sin”! cos” tan
cosh tanh sinh! cos” tanh!
x log In 10% e
Le
Any time a built-in graph is executed, the ranges are automatically set to their optimum values, and any graph
previously on the display is cleared.
Example 1: Sine curve Example 2: y = 1/x graph
se AA ser ——
© Overlaying built-in function graphs
Two or more different built-in function graphs can be drawn together on the same display. Since the range for the
first graph is automatically set, all subsequent graphs on the same display are produced according to the range of
the first graph.
The first graph is produced by using the previously mentioned operation (Graph [function key] [EXE].
Subsequent graphs are produced using the variable x in the operation Graph [function key] ALPHA) [X] [EXE]. By -
inputting after the function key, the range is unchanged and the next graph is produced without
clearing the existing display.
Example: Overlay the graph for y= cosx on the graph for y=sinx
First, draw the graph for y=sinx. Next, draw the graph for y=cosx without changing the ‘existing range
== == ie
*#* Built-in function graphs cannot be used in multi-statements and cannot be written into program,
24
User Generated Graph:
E
im funetion
FERRE ——— SITS SCITELTET ESE
Fr! — scale of the y-2x75
Specifying range parameters
Whenever you press the key (except in the BASE-N mode), the range parameter setting screen appears on
the display. Enter the value you want to specify for the displayed parameter and then press EXE
Example: Change the range parameters on the left to those on the right.
Xmin: 0 —-5 Ymin: -10 — 5
Xmax: 5 —5 Ymax: 10 — IS
sel: 4 2 Ysel: 4-4
® User Generated Graphs
Built-in function graphs can also be used in combination with each other. Graphing a formula such as y=2x"+31x"-5
makes it possible to visually represent the solution.
Unlike built-in functions, the ranges of user generated graphs are not set automatically, so graphs produced
outside of the display range do not appear on the display.
3.2.1 Range parameters
After pressing the key, you can look up and specifty the range parameters for the x- and y- coordinates.
Range parameters consist of maximum and minimum values for each axis, as well as their scales (distance
between hash marks).
Before drawing a graph, you should first specify range parameters to set the size of the graph.
Range parameter types
Range parameters consist of the following:
Xmin --- minimum value of the x-axis [ Yinax
Xmax --- maximum value of the x-axis Ten 7e | as
Xscl --- scale of the x-axis [Yael
Y min --- minimum value of the y-axis Xu
Ymax --- maximum value of the y-axis
Ysel --- scale of the y-axis
Specifying range parameters
Whenever you press the [Range] key (except in the BASE-N mode), the range parameter setting screen appears on
the display. Enter the value you want to specify for the displayed parameter and then press [EXE
Example: Change the range parameters on the left to those on the right.
Xmin: 0 —-5 Ymin: -10 —= -5
Xinax: 5 — 5 Ymax: 10 — 15
Xscl: 4 —2 Yscl: 4 —4
Specifies -5 for Xmin
Sa
Xmax does not change, so simply press Xsel?
Specifies 2 for Xscl
CER
Specifies -5 for Ymin
ВЕ)
Specifies 15 for Ymax
ОО 0) 88
Ysc] does not change, so simply press
Press [Range] to return to the display that was shown before entering the range display.
25
Checking range parameters
Press the [Range] hey and the range parameter setting screen appears on the display. Press to seroll through the
range parameter settings without changing them.
Xmin?
Xsel?
Xmin?
Y EX
Press [Range] 10 return to the display that was shown before entering the range display.
You can input range parameters as expressions (sueh as 27 ) und these expressions are automatically converted to
the values. :
75 The input range for graph ranges is -9.999999999, "7 through 9.999999999, 19°.
#25 I you enter a value that is outside the allowable range or if you try to perform some other illegal operation, an
error message appears on the display, When this happens, press gor glo display the place in the calculation that
caused the error (Replay function) and make the necessary corrections.
+44 apulting 0 for Xcal or Yscl does no set any scale.
#4 Inputtine a maximum value that is less than the minimum value will reverse the respective axis.
*+# If the maximum and minimum values of an axis are equal, an error (Ma ERROR) will be generated when an
attempt is made to produce a graph.
47% When a range setting is used that does not allow display of the axes, the scale for the y-axis is indicated on
either the left or right edge of the display, while thut for the x-axis is indicated on either thetop or bottom edge,
(In both cases, the location of the scale is the edge which is closest to the origin (0,0).
++ When range values are changed (reset), the graph display is cleared and the newly set axes only are displayed.
£54 Range setting may cause irregular scale spacing,
=#% If the range is set top wide, the graph produced may not fit on the display.
#45 Points of deflection sometimes exceed the capabilities of the display with graphs the change drastically as
they approach the point of detlection.
444 An Ma ERROR is generated when ranges ure Extreme y núurrow,
Range reset
Range values are reset to their initial values by pressing STi] fd during range display.
The initial values are as follows.
Xmin : 3.8 Ymin — : -2.2
Xmax : 3,8 Ymax : 22
Xsel 1 | Ysel Y |
® Use generated function graphs
After performing range settings, user generated, graphs can be drawn simply by entering the function (formula)
after pressingfGraph)
Here, let's try drawing a graph for y=2x7+3x4.
“Set the ranges to the values shown below,
Xmin $i ay Ymin y 10
mix: "> Ymax =: 10
Xsel 2-й Ysel SEE :
Input the functional formula after pressing the key.
Е 2 BE
3573 Y 11
The result produces a visual representation of the formula.
26
e Function graph overlay
Two or more function graphs can be overlaid, which make it easy to determine intersection points and
solutions that satisfy all the equations.
Example: Here, let's find the intersection points of the previously used y=2x* + 3x — 4 and y= 2x +3
First, clear the graph screen in preparation for the first graph.
[IFT [CH EXE
2 HEHE
30) 1 1] 469
Next. overlay the graph for y = 2x +3
ее 2 о) [39 С) 3 659
in this way it can be easily seen that there are two intersections for the two function graphs. The approximate
:oordinates for these two intersections can be found using the Zoom function and the Trace function described in
he following section.
++ Be sure to input variable x (ATPHA] [X]) into the formula when using built-in graphs for overlay.
variable x is not included in the second formula, the second garph is produced after clearing the first graph.
» Zoom function
"his function lets you enlarge or reduce the x- and y-coordinates. If you use the Trgace or Plat function to locate
he pointer ala specific point on the graph, the enlargement / reduction is performed using the pointer location as
he centér point.
p Enlarging a graph
xample: to enlarge the graph for y=sinx by a factor of 1.5 on the x-axis and 2.0 on the y-axis. Use the
ollowing range parameters for the original graph.
(min : =360 Ymin : Ymin : -L6
mas 1 360 Ymax y 1.6
(scl: 1 180 Усс! É 1
Mier specifying the range parameters. graph y=sinx.
(бен (PAA) [XT] [EXE]
ress SIT] [Fac for the factor specifi
Xfact?
2.
Xfact? |
1.5 1.5
Yfact?
EXT о
; Yfact?
2 2
ty
X fact? =
ress to return to the display that was shown before entering the factor display.
** Whenever you try to change the factor value while a graph is displayed. the display changes to the text screen.
‘© return to the graph screen after changing the factor value, pressBHIFTJor EXE),
me [AK
ress SHIFT] (Zoomyto entarge the graph according to the factors you specified.
«t's take another look at the range parameters,
¡min +. -240 Ymin — : -0,8
(тах г 240 Ymax + 0.8
(sel : Е 180 Ysel + |
[you pressGHIFT [PZoonvhgain, the graph is enlarged once more by the factors you specified, To return the graph
y ¡ts original size, press
27
e Reducing a graph
Example: To reduce the graph for y=sinx by a factor of 1.5 on the x-axis and 2.0 on the y-axis. Use the
following range parameters for the original graph.
Xmin $ -360 Ymin 16
Xmax : 360 Ymax:. 16
Xscl 00 Yscl o
After specifying the range parameters, graph y=sinx.
EJE
Gapi)finfATPHA] [x] ExZ
Press [SHIF Factor for the factor specification screen.
[SHIFT] Factog Xfact?
2.
Xfact?
A ES
44% Whenever you try to change the factor value while a graph is displayed, the display changes to the
text screen, To return to the graph screen after changing the factor value, press SHIFTjor [EX
(28 of $
SE
Press [SHIFT][ZoomxI7) to reduce the graph according to the factors you specified,
ar еотноЙ
Let's take another look at the range parameters.
Xmin : -540 Ymin + -32
Amax: 20. Yıax = 32
Xscl : 180 Уве! ey
If you press again, the graph is reduced once more by the factors you specified. To return the graph
to its original size, press [SHIFT|Zoom Org)
e To specify the zoom factors within a program:
Use the following format to specify the zoom factor in a program.
Factor (Xfactor), (Yfactor)
® Trace function
This function lets you move a pointer around a graph and display the x- and y-coordinates of the current pointer
location. You enlarge or reduce the x- and y-coordinates. Using the Trace function
Example: To use the Trace function in combination with the Zoom function to analyze the graph for y=x*-3.
Use the following range parameters for the original graph (seven significant digits specified).
Xmin : -4 Ymin a ZB
Xmax : 4 НК с ротой
Xscl: E Yscl E
After specifying the range parameters, graph y=x?-3.
SE
(cena 1) E O 3 6
Activate the Trace function
NS
Use Dor (J to move the pointer along the graph. Each press moves the cursor one point.
Move the pointer to where the graph intersects the x-axis and press SHIFT] to display x-coordinate
value.
#
-1.647058824
SHIFT] Valu]
e
Press Bir] [X=1Jto change the coordinate display to show the y-coordinate.
ВНЕ Y
f
-0.287197231
Now use the Zoom function to enlarge (ne graph. First specify à factor of 2 on the x- and y-axes.
SHIFT](Faro Xfact?
2 Yfact?
EXE] Xfact?
BIE Facto]
—
"|
*** Whenever you try to change the factor value while a graph is displayed, the display changes to the text screen.
To return to the graph screen after changing the factor value, press SHIFT|[Facod :
Now enlarge the graph according to the factors.
=")
Activate the Trace function and move the pointer again.
eme (D) >
Enlarge the graph again to check the location of the pointer.
==]
Activate the Trace function and move the pointer again,
DOME D)- —
/i: v the x-coordinate value,
Sum TS e
-1.705882353
Press [SHIFT] to display the x-coordinate.
ISHIF EY Ages
-0.114186851
Press [Tree] again to exit the Trace function.
1
}
As vou can see above, the Trace and Zoom functions can be used to locate the pointer at an approximate point.
and then SHIFT value produces à readout of the coordinates.
To return the graph to its original size, press [SHIFT
т
(Important)
The pointer does not move at fixed intervals. It follows the dots on the display. Because of this, the values
provided for coordinates are approximate. 3
«1% The Trace function only be uesd immediately after a graph is drawn. This function cannot be used if other
calculations or opérations (except [Emed{Ficioand (=) have been employed after a graph has been drawn.
44% The x-y coordinate values consist of a LU digit (max.) mantissa or a 7 digit (max) mantissa plus a 2 digit
exponent. Negative values are one digit shorter because one digit is used for the negative sign.
The Trace function cannot be written into a program.
#4 The Trace function can be used during a “Disp” display.
#44 When the format “Graph formula A [Grp] formula exe” is executed and a graph is drawn hy pressing
directly after executing the Trace function during halt status, the previous coordinate value remains on the display.
After the Trace function is execulted and the text display is brought up using the [G=T] key, pressing causes the
next graph to appear and the coordinate value to clear.
Examine the above using MRE] Ca] Бер 2 HH
e Plot function
The Plot function is used to mark a point on the screen of a graph display. The point can be moved left, right. up
and down using the cursor keys, and the coordinates for the graph displayed can be read. Two points can also be
connected by a straight line.
Press SAIET [Pray and specify the x- and y-coordinate after the “Plot” message.
Example: Plot a point at x=2 and y=2 on the axes created by the following range values:
Xmin : -5 Ymin 5 ff
Xmux : 5 Ymax + 10
Xscl: 1 Ysel
Blinking dot
fi [2] fre) [1] [2] Exe] 3
The blinking pointer is positioned at the specified coordinates. Press SHIFT [valse] to display the x-coordinate value.
A
2.0588235729
==* Due to limitations caused by the resolution of the display, the nctual position of the pointer can only be
approximate.
The pointer can be moved left, right, up and down using the cursor keys. The current position of the pointer is
always shown ut the bottom of the display.
(5) (5105) (515)
3.529411765
HI
To view the y-coordinate value:
oon
N= 363636364
Now, inputting a new coordinate value causes the new pointer to blink without clearing the present pointer,
ae a A
pi: Bu 655
i x-y coordinates are not specified tor the Plot function, the pointer appears al the center ul the screen.
et the following range values:
7
{mins = <2 Ymin : 72
«max. 8 Ymax —: 10
Xscl 1 1 Yel 2
5
To hind the y-coordinate value:
f
a
i
kek Attempting to plot a point outside of the preset range is disregarded.
E < =
654 the x- and y-coordinates of the pointer used in the Plot function are respectively stored in the X memory and v
nemory.
#45 A blinking pointer becomes a fixed point (not blinking) when a new poinier is created,
5 Line function
The Line function makes it possible to connect two points (including the linking pointer) created with the Plot
function with a straight line. With this function, user generated lines can be added to graphs to make them easier
to read,
Example: draw perpendiculars from point (2,0) on the x-axis toits intersection with the graph for y=3x.
Then draw a line from the point of intersection to the y-axis,
The range values for the graph are as follows:
Xmin -2 Ymin Th RS
mao 5 Ymax : 10
Xsel | Ysel Se
Clear the graph display and draw the graph for y=3x.
Next, use the Plot function to locate a point at (2.0)
Now plot a point at (2.0) again and use the cursor key 4 Jo move the painter up to the point on the point on the
E -
eraph (y=3x).
se [Pio] 2 GU [7 0 EX
2-6
{Move the pointer up to the
point on the graph for y=3x.) press [ENE] to confirm the point
Draw a line using the Line function,
Am
Next. a perpendicular will be drawn from the same point on the graph to the y-uxis. First. plot the point on the
graph and use the cursor key 0 to move the pointer to the y-axis, This can be accomplished using Plot X, Ÿ since
the x-y coordinates of the point on the graph are stored in the X and Y memories,
5 :
Dam Edo -»
(Move the pointer to the y-axis)
AE
set The Line function can only be used to draw lines between the blinking pointer and à fixed point creuted using
the Plot function.
31
® Graph scroll function
Immediately after you have drawn a graph, you can scroll it on the display. Use the cursor keys to scroll the graph
left, right, up and down.
To scroll the graph on the display
crue To draw the graph for y=0.25 a (2x+1) (2x-5), y=2x-3, and then scroll it,
min : = Ymin : -8
XNmax-: 5 Ymax
sol u Yscl
: 8B
= oo LL
Gap 0.25 [O Brera) [x] [2] 2 [0]
[2 fa) [x] £1 01002 a) | | o
Es 3
(mp2 APA] [x] [=] 3 EX —
Press EHI Zoom Org] to return the graph to ae
its original position after scroll operations. с | | o
6 Graphing Examples
The following examples are presented to show you some ways that the graphing functions can be used effectively.
Example 1: to graph the function y="-9x"+27x+50
Use the following range parameters.
Xmin: 0 Ymin : -30
Xmax : 10 Ymax : 150
Xscl проще Yscl + - 28
Ex
(Graph) [ALPHA]
9 [ALPRA] [x] Ex [+] |
27 APRA) x] [+] S0 EE !
Example 2: To graph the function y="+41"-36x"-160x+300 and determine minimum and maximum
Use the following range parameters.
Xmin : -10 Ymin 600
Xmax : 10 Ymax : 600
Xscl E Ysel : 200
Graph} 3
4 APRA) 693]
36 ALPHA] [x] [x] [=] 160
[LPRA] (X] [+] 300 EX
4 Program calculations
e Definition of a Program
This unit has a built-in program feature that facilitates repeat calculations. The program feature is used for the
consecutive execution of formulas in the same way as the “multi-statement” feature is used in manual calculations.
Programs will be discussed here with the aid of illustrative examples.
Example: Find the surface area and volume of a regular octahedron when the enzth of one side is given.
Length of one side (A) Surface area (5) Volume (V)
10cm ( Jem” EE
7 ( ) ta)
A 15 ( ) ( )
### Fill in the parentheses.
1) Formulas
For a surface area S, volume V and one side A, S and V fora regular octahedron are defined as:
в=2 /ЗА? ° ve e
3
32
2)
Programming
Creating a program based on calculation formulas is known as “programming”. Here a program will be
created based upon the formulas given above. The basis of a program is manual calculation, so first of all,
consider the operational method used for manual calculation.
Surface area (S): 2 x] 3[&] Numeric value АЕ
Volume (V): 2 [=] 3 [x] Numeric value Af) 3ExE)
In the above example, mumeric value A is used twice, so it should make sense to store it in memory A before
the calculations.
Numeric value A [=] ALPHA] [A] EXE
2 [1] [0] 3 [x] ALPHA) [A] SJEXE)-.......eeccneon nenes ins $
V]2 E] 3 enter у
With this unit, the operations performed for manual calculations can be used as they are in program. Once
program execution starts, it will continue in order without stopping, therefore, commands are required to
request the input of data and to display results. The command to request data input is "77, while that to
display results is “A ".
A "7" within a program will cause execution to stop temporarily and a "?" to appear on the display as the unit
waits for data input. This command cannot be used independently, and is used together, with E] as
: [7] El memory name”. To store a numeric value in memory A, for example: ? — A
When "?" is displayed, calculation commands and numeric values can be input within 127 steps.
The “4 ” command causes program execution to stop temporarily and the latest formula result or
alphanumeric characters and symbols to be displayed. This command is used to mark positions in formulas
where results are to be displayed. Since programs are ended and their final results dispiayed automatically,
this command can be omitted at the end of program, However, if the BASE-N mode is specified for base
conversion during a program, do not omit final “4 ".
Here these two commands will be used in the previously presented procedure:
FEE (1 5 (2) 5) £0 10: 0 EY
nput to memory À Display §
[2 [5] 3 [5] ora) [A] [3 (4 omitred)
Program storage
The storage of programs is performed in the WRT mode which is specified by pressing a
WRT
400
P0123456789
When [Z] is pressed, the system mode changes to the WRT mode. Then, the number of remaining
steps is indicated. The number of remaining steps is decreased when programs are input or when memories
are expanded. If no programs have been input and the number of memories equals 26 (the number of
memories at initialization), the number of usable steps should equal 400. The larger figures located below
indicate the program areas. If the letter "P" is followed by the number 0 through 9, it indicates that there are
no programs stored in areas PO through P9, The blinking zero here indicates the current program area is PO.
Areas into which programs have already been stored are indicated by "_" instead of numbers,
WRT
Number of remaining steps
Mode] [à
226
PO1_34_6789
Here the previously mentioned program will be stored to program area PO (indicated by the blinking zero):
[EXE (Start storage)
ALPHA |] EJ AAA CA] [2] 2 [x] [Z]3
СО №4 АВ
mag
—A:2x / 3xA°A_
E 030 6 СЗ В): TE
24/ 2+3xAxY3_
After these operations are complete, the program is stored.
+** After the program is stored, press [1] to return to the RUN mode.
33
4
Program execution
Program are executed in the RUN mode (GBH [TT]. The program area to be executed is specified using the
Progkey.
To execute PO: OEXE
To execute P3: Prog] 3
To execute P8: Frog) SEXE
Here the sample program that has been stored will be executed. The surface (S) and volume (V) for the
regular octahedron in the sample problem are calculated.
Length of one side (A) Surface area (5) Volume (V)
lem (346.410615)em” (471.4045208)em”
75 (169,7409791) (161.0917506)
20 (77094228634) (1590990258)
fron [1]
#3 [9) 69
||
Indicates answer displayed by 4A
( S when A=10)
CT] [6] ES
(Value of A)
Disp
346.4101615
471.4045208 (Y when A=10)
[2] 68
Disp
169.7409791 (ЗУБА)
161.6917506 | (VwhenA=7)
|
(Value of A)
sos e
Da =
(Value of A) 179.4228634 | (5whenA=15)
1590.990258 ( V when A=15 )
44% Program calculations are performed automatically with each press of [EXE when it is pressed after data is input
or after the result is read.
#34 Directly after a program in PO is executed by pressing prog [0] [55 as in this example, the Prog 0 command
is stored by the replay function. Therefore, subsequent executions of the same program can be performed by
simply pressing EXT
Operation Prog 0 (PO program execution)
10 (Input 10 for A)
(Display V when A=10)
EXE (Re-execute)
7 (Input 7 for A)
EXT (Display Y when A=7)
e Program Checking and Editing (Correction, Addition, Deletion)
Recalling a stored program can be performed in order to verify ¡ts contents. After specifying the desired program
area using D orgin the WRT mode (MODE) [Z)). the program contents will be displayed by pressing the key,
Once the program is displayed, the © or ej key is used to advance the program one step at a time for verification.
When the program has been improperly stored, editing can also be performed by adding to it or erasing portions.
Here a new program will be ereated by checking and editing the previous sample program (the surface area and
volume of a regular tetrahedron),
Example: Find the surface area and volume of a regular tetrahedron when the length of one side is given,
A | Length of one side (A) Surface area (8) Volume (V)
10cm ( cm” Jem
7.5 { | | )
20 { ) { )
34
Formulas
For à surface area $. volume V and one side A, S and V for à regular octahedron are defined as:
s= fa v= J
E
| Programming
As with the previous example, the length of one side is stored in memory À and the program then
constructed.
Numeric value A [5]
ma: 5
E:
When the above is formed into a program, it appears as follows:
mm Er 1 01 3 6) A (3) D6 (4
2x] 12 [=] JE:
Program editing
First, à comparison of the two programs would be helpful,
Octahedron: ME co: Dan op gl
D 28 © fi à В
Tetrahedron: (IE Es pa Са)
Hr its
The octuhedron program can be changed 10 a tetrahedron program by deleting the parts marked with wavy
3 [EXE
fines, and changing those that are marked with straight lines.
In actual practice, this would be performed as follows:
000
2 A:2x/3xAZ4
Locate cursor at position to
DD "er be deleted and delete two
[65] DEL Э== А 2 >
DEU ?—A:4 3X A 42 | characters.
WRI
D x9 times 015 Insert two characters.
fine ps) [1] 3) IIx ACM 24123
WRT
MS | Delete unnecessary 3.
A Sax AM 2+12x
Editing complete,
[i] Return to the RUN mode,
) Program execution
Now this program will be executed.
Length of one side (A) Surface area (5) Volume (Y)
10cm {173.2050808 jem” (117.85 113023€m-
7.5 (9742785793 ) (49.7 1844555)
20 (692.820323) (942.8090416)
35
fom EA
ets
Do
Fed [0] ES ?
OE EE 97.42785793
=
me
Program area specification (Omitted if PO)
Start verification
e Program debugging (Correcting Errors)
After a program has been created and input, it will sometimes generate error messages when it is executed, or it
will produce unexpected results. This indicates that there is an error somewhere within the program that needs to
be corrected. Such programming errors are referred to as “bugs”, while correcting them is called “debugging”.
e Debugging when an error message is generated
An error message is displayed as follows:
PO Syn ERROR
Program area where error was generated
Type of error
The error message informs the operator of the program area (РО to P9) in which the error was generated, It also
states the type of error, which gives an idea of the proper countermeasure to be taken.
© Error messages
There are a total of seven error messages.
1) Syn ERROR (Syntax error): Indicates a mistake in the formula or a misuse of program commands,
2) Ma ERROR (Mathematical error): Indicates the calcultaion result of a numeric expression exceeds |
illogical operation (e.g. division by zero), or the input of an argument that exceeds the input range of the
0", an
=>
function.
3) Go ERROR (Jump error): Indicate a missing Lbl for the Goto command, or that the program area for the
Prog command does not contain a program. o
4) Stk ERROR (Stack error): indicates the calculation performed exceeds the capacity of the stack for
numeric values or for commands. ;
Mem ERROR (Memory error}: Indicates the attempt to use a memory name such as Z[5] without having
tr
expanded memories.
6) Arg ERROR (Argument error): Indicates the argument of a command or specification in a program exceeds
the input range (e.g. Sci 10, Goto 11)
Further operation will become impossible when an error message is displayed.
Press Ag, dor D to cancel the error.
36
Press AG cancels the error and new key input becomes possible.
With this operation, the RUN mode is maintained.
Pressing Q or D cancels the error and changes the system mode to the WRT mode. The cursor is positioned at the
ocation where the error was generated to allow modification of the program to eliminate the error.
» Checkpoint for each type of error
[he following are checkpoints for each type of error:
1) Syn error: Verify again that there are no errors in the program.
)) Ma ERROR: For calculations that require use of the memories. Check to see that the numeric values in the
memories do not exceed the range of the arguments. This type of error often occurs with division by 0 or the
calculation of negative square roots.
Go ERROR: Check to see that there is a corresponding Lbl n when Goto n is used. Also chick to see that the
ий
=
program in P n has been correctly input when Prog n is used,
A
==
Stk ERROR: Check 10 see that the formula is not too long thus causing a stack overflow, If this is the case,
the formula should be divided into two or more parts.
Mem ERROR: Check to see that memories were properly expanded using * [3] n EXE” (Defm). When
using array-type memories, check to see that the subscripts are correct.
Arg ERROR: Check whether values specified by (Sci) or (Fix) are within the range of
0-9. Also check whether values specified by Goto, Lbl, or Prog commands are within 0— 9. Also ensure that
memory expansion using MODE [] (Defm) is performed within the remaining number of steps and that the
Sy
==
SF
=
value used for expansion is not negative.
e Counting the Number of Steps
The program capacity of this unit is 400 steps.
The number of steps indicates the amount of storage space available for program., and it will decrease as
programs are input, The number of remaining steps will also be decreased when steps are converted to memories.
There is one method to determine the current number of remaining steps:
Specify the WRT mode (MODB[Z]), and the number of remaining steps will appear. At this time the status of
the program areas can also be determined.
928 [2]
Basically, one function requires a single step, but there are some commands where one function requires two
Number of remaining steps
steps.
® One function / one step: sins cos tan logs (6) : + 1. 2. 3ete,
® One function / two steps: Lbl 1 + Prog 8 etc,
Each step can be verified by the movement of the cursor:
Example:
Present cursor position
At this time, each press of a cursor key ( Q or D) will cause the cursor to move to the next sequential step.
Example:
006
D5DDDD
2? —A: V3xA24d V2
th step
® Program Areas and Calculation Modes
This unit contains a total of 10 program areas are all utilized in the same manner, and 10 independent programs
can be input. One main program (main routine) and a number of secondary programs (subroutines) can also be
stored. The total number of steps available for storage in program areas PO through P9 is 400 maximum.
Specification of a program area is performed as follows:
RUN mode: Press any key from 0 through 9 after pressing the Prog key. Then press [EXE.
Example: PO Fog (3)
Pg
44 In this mode, program execution begins when [EXE is pressed.
37
WRT mode: Use Gor O to move the cursor under the program area 10 be specified and press EXE.
Only the numbers of the program areas that do not yet contain programs will be displayed. "_" symbols indicate |
program areas which already contain program.
Example:
SEITE Di
Programs already stored in these program arca
e Program area and caleulation mode specification in the WRT mode
Besides normal function calculations, to perform binary, octal. decimal and hexadecimal calculatons and
conversions, standard deviation claculations, and regression calculations in a program, a calculation mode must be
specified. Program mode specification and program area specification are performed at the same time. First the
WRT mode is specified (MODE) [2)). and then a caleulation mode is specified. Next. the program arca is specified. |
and. when is pressed, the calculation mode is memorized in the program area.
Henceforth, sired programs will be accompanied with the calculation mode,
Example: Memorizing the BASE-N mode in P2
AI
PO123456789
DD Газа |
400
PO123456789
fre hy i
As suming that nothing is stored
Specify P2
BASE-N WET
00
E PO123456789 Specify the BASE-N mode
BASE-N WRT
000
[a o]
As shown above. the calculation mode will be memorized into a program area,
© Cautions concerning the caleutation modes
All key operations available in cach calculation mode can be stored as programs. but, depending on the
calculation mode, certain commands of functions cannot be used.
BASE-N mode
e Function calculations cannot be performed.
e Units of angular measurement cannot be specified.
e All program commands can be used.
e Besureto include a” 4” atthe final result output to refum to the previous caleulation mode when à program
execution is terminated. Failure to do so may result in a decimal display or an error.
SDI, SD2 mode
e Among the functions, Abs and 347 cannot be used.
e Among the program commands, Dsz, > and < cannot be used.
LRI, LK2 mode
e Among the functions, Abs and 3 J cannot be used.
e Among the program commands, =, =. & ,1sz, >, € , Dsz, < and > cannot be used,
e Erasing Programs
Erasing of programs is performed in the PCL mode. Press to snecily the PCL mdoe. There are two
methods used to erase programs: erasing a program located ina gingle program area and erasing all programs.
e Erasing a single program
To erase a program in a single program area, specify the PCL mode and press the [an] key after specifying the
program area.
Example: erase the program in P3 only,
PCL
302
= P 12 45678
PO. P3 and PY already contain programs
ЮО Align cursor with P3
BASE-N
145 | Number 3 appears after deletion
P_12345678_
MODE [1] [= Return to RUN mode
38
® Erasing all programs
To erase all programs stored in program areas 0 through 9. specify the PCL mode and press [sand the fie].
Example: erase the programs stored in PD, P4, P8 and Po,
E] PEL Е
P_123 567
PO123456789
E
6 Convenient Program Commands
The programs for this unit arc made based upon manual calculations. Special program commands, however, are
available to allow the selection ofthe formula, and repetitive execution of the same formula.
Here, some of these commands will be used to produce more convenient programs.
® Jump commands
Jump commands are used to change the flow of program execution,
Programs are executed in the order that they are input (from the lowest step number first) until the end of the
program is reached. This system is not very convenient when there are repeat calculations to be performed or
when it is desirable to transfer execution to another formula. It is in these cases, however, that the jump
commands are very effective. There are three types of jump commands: a simple unconditional jump to a branch
destination, conditional jumps that decide the branch destination by whether a certain condition is true of not. and
count jumps the increase or decrease a specific memory by one and then decide the branch destination after
checking whether the value stored equals zero or not.
e Unconditional Jump
The unconditional jump is composed of “Goto® and "Lbl". When program execution reaches the statement “Golo
1 (where n is number from 0 through 9). execution then jumps to “Lbl n™ (n is the same value as Goto n). The
inconditional jump is often used in simple program to return execution to the beginning for repetitive
alculatons, or to repeat calculations from a point within a program. Unconditional jumps are also used in
combination with conditional and count jumps.
Example: The previously presented program to find the surface area and volume of a regular tetrahedron
vill be rewritten using “Goto 1" and “Lbl 1” to allow repeat calculations.
Che previous program contained:
TA
TIAL2LAN3 19 steps
*4 Here after, commas (,) will be used to separate steps for the sake of clarity,
dd “Goto 17 to the end of the program, and add “Lbl I" to the beginning of the program us the branch
estimation,
this is simply left the way itis, however, the volume will nor be displayed and execution will move immediately
) the input of one side at the beginning. To prevent this situation, inserta display command (A) in front of the
Gotol”.
1e complete program with the unconditional jump added should look like this:
DE A A, À
YZ 12 x A x3. 4 Gpo. 1 25 steps
ww let's try executing this program.
* Henceforth, the displays will only show calculation result
Prog]
10
7.5
Stored in PO. The length
of the side =10
The length of the side =7.5
ce the program is in all endless loop, it will continue execution. To terminate execution, press [MODE] Ci. af
[1]
ides the beginning of the program. branch destinations can be designated at any point within the program.
ample: calculate y=ax+b when the value for x changes each time, while a and b can also change
ending upon the calculation.
Te Eh TRL ABEL фе
Ax. X. + B. 4. Gow, | 23 steps
39
When this program is executed, the values for a and b are stored in memories A and B respectively. After that,
only the value for x can be changed.
In this way an unconditional jump is made in accordance with "Geto" and "Lbl", and the flow of program
execution is changed, When there is no “Lbi n° to correspond to a "Goto n°, an error (Go ERROR) is generated.
® Conditional jumps
The conditional jumps compare a numeric value in memery with a constant or a numeric value in another memory,
If the condition is true, the statement following the "=" is executed, and if the condition is not true, execution
skips the statement and continues following the next” : ” or “A”
Conditional jumps take on the following form:
Leftside Relational Right side = Statement | ; | * Statement
operator 4
* Any one can be used,
One memory name (alphabetic character from A through Z), constant numeric values or calculation formulas
(Ax2, D—E, etc.) are used for * left side” and “right side”.
The relational operator is a comparision symbol; there are G6 types of relational operators: =, №, #2, ®, >, <.
Left side = right side (left side equals right side)
Left side > right side (left side doesn't equal right side)
Left side 2 right side (left side is greater than or equal right side)
Leftside < right side (left side is less than or equal right side)
Leftside > right side (left side is greater than right side)
Left side < right side (left side is less than right side)
The “=>” is displayed when Bare pressed. If the condition is true, execution advances to the statement
following =». If the condition is not true, the statement following = is skipped and execution jumps to the
statement following the next“: "or a",
if true
jefiside Relational Rightside => Statement | : Statement
operator A
L.— If not true en oy
A statement is a calculation formula (sin Ax5, ete.) or à program command (Goto, Prog, etc.), and everything up
tonext“ : "or is" is regarded as one statement.
Example: If an input numeric value is greater than or equal to zero, calculate the square root or that value.
If the input value is less than zero, reinput another value.
Program: LblL 1, :,% —A :.A 20, =, УТА, 4, Goto, 1 16 steps
In this program, the input numeric value is stored in memory A, and then it is tested to determine whether it is
greater than, equal to or fess than zero. If the contents of memory À are greater than or equal to 0 (not less than
zero), the statement (calculation formula) located between “>” and “af” will be executed, and then Goto |
returns execution to Lbi 1. 1f the contents of memory A are less than zero, execution will skip the following
statement to the next “4” and return to Lbl 1 by Goto 1.
Example: Calculate the sum of input numeric values. If a 0 is input, the total should be displayed.
Program Dri Bic iis
БЫ, |, р ‚Финн А, го Ау, Одо ,Goto, 2, :.
A+, B, —, B, : ,Goto, |, +,
LANZ AD 31 steps
In this program, a ( is first stored in memory B to clear it for calculation of the sum. Next, the value input by A
— A" is stored in memory A by “A=0 =" and it is determined whether or not the value stored in memory A equals |
zero. If A=0, goto 2 causes execution to jump to Lbl 2, IF memory A does not equal 0, Goto then Goto 1 returns
execution to Lbl 1,
Execution from Lbl 2 will display the sum that has been stored in memory B, Actually, the display command “4”
is inserted following B, but here it can be omitted,
The following illustration shows the flow of the program:
(AO)
Lol] TA
(A=0)
[ot
А=0 => Сою 2: А+В-+В: Goto!
(A=0)
Ebl2 0B
(A=0)
40
© Count jumps
The count jumps cause the value in a specified memory to be increased or decreased by 1, If the value does equal
0, the following statement is skipped, and the statement following the next “ : " or “4” is excuted. The "Lsz"
command is used to increase the value in memory by | and decide the subsequent excution, while the “Dsz”
command is used to decrease the value by 1 and decide,
Memory contents = 0
Isz Memory name: Statement { J | Statement
Memory contents = 0
Memory contents = 0
Dsz Memory name: Statement { J Statement
f
Memory contents = 0
Example: Increase memory A by ene ............. IZA
Decrease memory B by one ......
Program: 1,0, —;A -,0,—,C, :,
Lol 51 4—,B, :,B.+, 0, —,C, г,
Dsz. A, :, Goto, 1, :..C,+, 1,0 32 steps
In this program, first 10 is stored in memory A, and 0 is stored in memory C, Memory A is used as the “counter”
and countdown is performed the specified number of times by the Dsz command. Memory C is used to store the
sum of the inputs, and so first must be cleared by inputting 10. The numeric value input in response to “7 is
stored in memory В, and then the sum of the input values is stored in memory С Бу "В+С €”.
The statement Dsz A then decreases the value stored in memory A by 1. If the result does not equal 0, the
following statement, Goto | is executed. If the result equals 0, the following Goto 1 is skipped and “C+10" is
executed,
Example: Determine the altitude at one-second intervals of a ball thrown into the air at an initial velocity of
V (m/sec) and an angle of 8° . The formula is expressed as: h = Vsin 6 t- 14 gt , with g=9.8, with the effects of
air resistance being disregarded.
Program; PER O OS,
EbL 1; 1 ом сб;
9, 8% Tx +2 A, Goto, | 38 steps
38 steps
In this program the unit of angular measurement is set and memory T is first initialized (cleared). Then the initial
velocity and angle are input into memories V and S respecticely,
Lbl 1 is used at the beginning of the repeat calculations. The numeric value stored in memory T is counted up
(increased by 1) by 1sz T. In this case, the Isz command is used only for the purpose of increasing the value stored
in memory T, and the subsequent jump does not depend upon any comparison or decision. The 1sz command can
also be used in the same manner as seen with the Dsz command for jumps that require decisions, but, as can be
seen here, it can also be used to simply increase values. If, in place of the lsz command, another method such as
"T+1" is used, five steps are required instead of the two for the (Isz T) method shown here. Such commands
are convenient ways of conserving memory space. Each time memory T is increased, calculation is performed
according to the formula, and the altitude is displayed. It should be noted that this program is endless, so when the
required value is obtained (op [1] are pressed to terminate the program.
41
(summary)
| command __ Formula Operation
Unconditional jump | Lbin Performs unconditional jump to Lbl
Goto n { n= natural number from 0 through 9) n corresponding to Goto n
Conditional jumps | Left Relational Right _ Left and right sides are compared. if
Side Operator Side the conditional expression is true,
the statement after => is executed.
Statement | ; | Statement If not true, execution jumps to the
4 statement following the next : or
(Relational operators: =, À , >, <. 2, <) A Statements include numeric
expressions, Goto commands, etc
Numeric value stored in memory
Count jumps Isz Memory name:
is increased (Isz) or decreased (Dsz)
Statement | `| Statement by one. If result equals 0. a jump is
A performed to the statement
Dsz Memory name: following the next + or $
statements include numeric
Statement y | Statement expressions, Goto commands, ete.
(Memory name consists of single character from A =
through Z, such as Af |. etc.)
® Array-Type Memories
e Using array-Lype memories
Up to this point all of the memories used have been referred to by single alphabetic characters such as À. B, X, or
Y. With the array-type memory introduced here, a memory name (one alphubetic character from A through
7) is appended with a subscript such as [1 Jor [2].
+## Brackets are input by Cr] and 0.
Standard memory Array-type memory
A AjU] CI-21
B AI CH
с A[2] Clo)
D ABl CI
E Aj CM]
Proper utilization of subscripts shortens programs and makes them easier to use. Negative values used as
shbscripts are counted in relation to memory Zero as shown above.
Example: Input the numbers 1 through 10 into memories A throught J.
Using standard memories
cei andes 3 ВОВЕ,
Se Pe 6 > E A 0 Cde ИНО Во
o 2 LO. 40 steps
using array-type memories
DO 7 MBR ZA ALZA 1
BZ, :.Z.<10.=. Goto, 1 26 steps
In the cuse of using standard memories, inputting values into memories one by one is both inefficient and time
consuming. What happens if we want to see a value stored in a specific memory?
Using standard memories
BBL ZA
Z.=1,= Ad 7=2=84
Z.=3.= Cd Z2=4=D4d
7.=5 = Ed7=06=Fd,
7.=.7.=.G,4.2=8=.Hd.
Z.=9= L42=10=14.
Goto. | 70 steps
Using array-type memories
[ARI + 2-4: AZ A
Goto. 1 16 steps
The difference is readily apparent. When using the standard memories, the input value is compared one by one
with the value assiened to each memory (eg, A=l, B=2,-+)
With the array-type memories, the input value is immediately stored in the proper memory determined by “[Z-1]".
Formulas (7-1 A+10. etc.) can even be used for the subscript.
42
® Cautions when using array-type memories
When using array-type memories, a subscript is appended to an alphabetic character that represents a standard
memory from A through Z,
Therefore, care must be taken to prevent overlap of memories.
The relation is as follows:
ere
1 ALI AI) ABI AMI AIS) Af) AJZ3) AFI ALS) Ale) ALT]
-1) BO) Bl] BI BI BEI BIS] B[22] Bj23] BEA B{25] Bi]
1-2) CRIT Crop CHN с) с CAN cen ce ema cr) cil
[-6) G-5) GI-4) G-37 G[-2) GE-1| GIO GIT GIS GEST GEW) GEH
хр хр хр XENA
Y[-1)- YO) YH YI YE]
2-2 A-1) 10) ZN) Zi
The following shows a case in which array-type memories overlap with standard format memories. This situation
should always be avoided.
Example: Store the numeric values from 1 through 5 in memories A[1] through A[S] respectively.
55 = SEBEL TA EE
Ds. Ci +, “act, its
AL.) AA 2] 4413] 4
A [4] AALS] 44 steps
In this program, the values 1 through 5 are stored in the array-type memories A[1] through A[5), and memory C is
used as a counter memory. When this program is executed.the following results are obtained:
Prog [9]
EXT
EXE
As can be seen, the second displayed value be This problem has occurred
because memory A|2] is the same as memory С.
A B C D E F
AI AZ) AB) AM AIS]
The content of memory C (A[2]) is decreased from 5 to 0 in steps of 1,
Therefore, the content of memory A[2] is displayed as 0.
e Application of the array-type memories
It is sometimes required to treat two different types of data as a single group. In this case, memories for data
processing and those for duta storage should be kept separate.
Example: store data x and y in memories. When an x value is input, the corresponding y value is displayed.
There will be a total of piece of data.
Example program |
Memory A is used as the data control memory, and memory B is used for temporary storage of the x data. The x
data are stored in memories C[ 1] (memory D)through C|15](memory R). and the y data are stored in memories
CL 16] (memory S) throughC[30] tmemory Z(7)).
EA Betas г.
EBL АЕ.
X CAE LEE Ву
Isz.A.a. ‚ А, =, 1, 6.=>, бою, 2, : ,Goto, t, : ,
EDITO A Ds
B, =, 0,—, Goto, 5, :
Lbl. 3. : .B.=.C.LA; |=>. Goto, 4, :
Pega Gove; Bon Goto) 2, 35
Lbl4, : CLA, +, 1,5, A. Goto, 2, +.
Lb, 5 9% steps
43
In this program, memories 1°2 132 1 ll E
x data: Cr C(2] C[3] ce CI5] C{6] C[7) C[8]
D E F G I J K
со) cho; em ena cama cdl Chas)
L Q R
M N о Р
y data: сиб) C€M7)] CAB) C[19] CR0) CH C[22] C[23]
$ T U N: W X ЗЕ Z
C[24) C[25] C[26] C[27) C[28] C[29] C130]
oy Z(2) Z(3) ZU 25) — Z(6) mn
Example program 2: The same memories are used as in Example 1, but two types of memory names are used and
the x and y data kept separate ;
1,4; Demi г,
ВОВА т,
2 = RGA та:
Isz,A,:: , A, =,1, 6, >, Goto, 2, : Goto, 1, +.
ENE: CAL ADS бо
B,=0, ==, Goto, 5, :,
Lb1,3, : ,B,=, C, LA, ] =>, Goto, 4, 1 ,
Dsz,A, ; ‚ Goto, 3, :, Goto, 2, :,
Lbl. 4, : ,R, LA, 1. 4, Goto 2,1: ,
Lb, 5 92 steps
Memories are used as follows:
x data: C{1] ci) Ci3] cd CIs) cra] ст) ©[8]
D E F G H 1 J K
C[9] co) Cf] C12] C13] C[14] C[15]
L M N о P Q
y data: К R[2] R[3] Rí4] R[5] R[6] R{7] R[8]
5 T U Y w X x Zz
RI9] R[10] В] R[12] R13] R{14] R13]
ZU Z(2) Za) #(4) Z(5) Z(6) 27)
In this way, the memory names can be changed. However, since memory names are restricted to the letters from A
through Z, the expanded mamories (MODE) [-]) can only he used as array- type memories,
** The memory expansion command (Defm) can be used in a program.
Example : Expand the number of memories by 14 to make a total of 40 available.
Defi Ар сом
e Displaying Alpha-Numeric Characters and Symbols
Displaying Alpha-Numerie Characters and Symbols Alphabetic characters, numbers, calculation command
symbols, ete. can be displayed as messages. They are enclosed in quotation marks ([ELPHA] [7
Alpha-numeric characters and symbols
® Characters and symbols displayed when pressed following f
[+]. k.m, H n,p,f, space, À, B,C, D, E, F, G, H,
LJ, K, L; MN, O, PQ, Ri ST, U, Y, Wi X, Y, Z
e Other numbers, symbols, calculation commands, program command
0, 1,2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8,9,
GO) Cou FT XE ee
sin, cos, tan, log, In,
= =, ><, 2 <, =!
A.B,C.D,E,Ed hbo
Neg, Not, and, or, xor
X, y, Xxon, son-1, **'
* (Enr probe (A). CAF [ODE [5], (SHIFT) RODE [)
#%# All of the above noted characters can be used in the same manner as the alphabetic characters."
In the preceding example requiring an input of two types of data (x, y), the prompt "7" does not give any
information concerning the type of input expected. A message can be inserted before the "7" to verify the type of
data required for input. |
ТЫ =05 2%, At, NAT
The message "X=" and "Y=" will be inserted into this program.
LBL i К,
EXA Fy EY ey
1
44
Tf messages are included as shown here, the display is as follows(Assuming that the program is stored in P1)
С Х=?
10
| |
Messages are also convenient when displayed result in program calculations.
Example:
LBL, + Nr" 7 BO 4
De A1,
Lol 1, : C+ 2, =, C, : ,Frac,C, 3,0, +, Coto, 3,
1, Isz, A, 1 C=) =, Goto, 2, :,Golol, +,
Lbl, 2, :,",X,=,", AA, À.Goto.0, :
Lbl, 3, : ,",N,0,", À, Goto, 0 70 steps
This program calculates the x power of 2, A prompt of "N=?" appears for data input, The result is displayed by
pressing while "X=" is displayed, When an input data is not the x power of 2, the display "NO" appears and
execution returns to the beginning for reinput.
*** Always follow a message with a4 whenever a formula follows the message.
Assuming that the program is stored in P2:
El
40%
EXE
3124
EXE
512 ха)
lark
The display is capable of showing up to 12 alpha characters at one time. For messages that are longer than 12
characters used (Disp) to divide the message,
® Using the Graph Function in Programs
Using the graph function within Programs makes it possible to graphically represent long. complex equations and
to overwrite graphs repeatedly, All graph commands (except the Trace function) can be included in programs,
Range values can also be written into the program.
Generally, manual graph operations can be uesd in programs without modification.
Example 1: Graphically determine the number of solutions (real roots) that satisfy both of the following two
equations.
ysx tx 24x 4+4x+80
y=10x-30
The range values are as follows,
Xmin : 10 Ymin : 120
Xmax : 10 Ymax : 150
Xscl de rik Yscl Arte OU
First, program the range setting. Note that values are separated from each other by commas “,”,
Range, (-):1:0" 1,0," +2 1-6) 12,077 , 135,0 50
Next, program the equation for the first graph.
Graph, X, x%, 4, -, X, x*, 3. -, 2,4, X, x, +, 4, X, +, 8,0
Finally program the equation for the second graph.
Graph, 1,0, X, -, 3,0 Total 47 steps
When inputting this program, press [©] after input of the ranges and the first equation.
The following should appear on the display when the program is executed:
E eS | AA |
A“ A" can be input after the first equation to suspend execution after the first graph is produced, To continue
execution to the next graph, press EXE.
The procedare outlined above can be used to produce a wide variety of graphs.
The library of this manual includes a number of examples of graph programming.
45
(B) Function Reference
1. Manual Calculations-
decimal,
hexadecimal
calculations
deviation
calculations
(pond [5])
functions
specification
distribution
(sin, cos, tan. sin”, cos", tan” sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh’. cosh™, tanh”, I
og
Ах’ В (Ato the Bth power),
B*yA (A to the 1/Bth power),
Pol (A.B), Rec (A.B)
4“ A and Bare numeric values.
(ENG, ENG, * *)
specified regardiess of the currently Set number system.
To specify:
Decimal... wenos
Hexadeciaml
Result is converted back to number system used for input. and then
Reverse of each bit
.. Logical product of each bit
.. Logical sum of each bit
Exclusive logical sum of each bit
can be omitted,
cun be omitted.
Sum (Ex)
Sum of-squares (EX) iwi rivicsresisesistairossiibon
Mean (x)
Population standard déviation (xon)
standard deviation
46
Regression
calculation
(MODE [+
Data clear
Data input
x data, y data uency
++ Frequency can be omitted.
Data deletion
x data, y data [frequency] [CL]
+## Frequency can be omitted.
Result display
Number of data (n) ee
Sur OX COX) remitir ae ai
Sumof y (Ey) .......me..-
Sum of squares of x (Xx?) --
Sum of squares of y (Zy?)..
Sum of squares of y (EXy)......................
Mean of x (x)
Mean of y (y)
Population standard deviation of x (xon) ....
Population standard deviation of y (xon) ,
Sample standard deviation of x (xon-1) ...
Sample standard deviation of y (yon-1) ...
Constant term of regression formula (A),
Regression coefficient (B) ................
Correlation coefficient (r) ..
Estimated value of x (x).....
Estimated value of y (y). esis
Special
functions
Ans
memory. It is s recalled by pressing Ans.
#54 Mantissa of numeric value is digits.
Replay
After calculation results are obtained, the formula can be recalled
by pressing either q or
® The replay function is not cleared even when [Ad is pressed or
when power is turned o
e If-an error is generated, pressing either Cor D will cancel the
error and the point where the error was generated will be indicated
by a blinking cursor.
Multi-statement
Colons are used to join a series of statements or calculation formulas. 1f
joined using “+” the calculation result to that point is displayed.
Memory
The number of memories can be expanded from the standard
Memories can be expanded in units of one up to (for a total of 76).
Eight stepsare required for one memory.
10DH [-] number of memories EXE.
Graph
function
Range
ph range settings
Xmin ....... Minimum value of x
Xmax ...... Maximum value of x
Хз! „ен Scale of X-axis (space between points)
Ymin ....... Minimum value of y
Ymax ...... Maximum value of y
МВС иен Scale of Y-axis (space between points)
Moves pointer on graph. Current coordinate location is displayed.
Marks pointer (blinking dot) at any coordinate on the graph display.
Connects with a straight line two points created with plot function.
Defines factor for zoom in / zoom out.
Zoomxf ..... Zooms in on the graph in accordance with the zoom factors
Zoomx If … Zooms out on the graph in accordance with the inverse of
the zoom factor.
Zoom Org ... Returns zoomed graph to original dimensions
Scrolls screen to view parts of graphs that are off the dis play.
47
2, Program calculations
Program Ta mode WE
Input alculation mode
Program area |
specification -
Program Execution mode
execution ogram area
specification
тен Pr
Input mode
Program area
e desired program area name (PC
specification Q and D , and EXFJis pressed.
ting Cursor 15 moved to position to be edited using gor Dí
@ Press correct key for corrections.
® Press DEU for deletions,
PINS to specify insert mode for insertion.
Program Clear mode
delete Deletes specific Cursor is moved to the desired progra
program Q and D , and [AT is pressed.
Clears all programs Press f
Program Unconditional jump | Program execution jumps to the Lbl n which eorresponds to Goto n.
commands *#n= 0 through 9
Conditional jumps
Tf conditional expression 16 (гие, the statement after “r) Tis executed, If
not true, ececution jumps to the statement following next *;” or" 4”,
True
Je
сою D! D
ED, + Formula
(RD : Relational operator
: Statement
*** The relational operatoris: =, 3 , >, <, 2, €.
Count jumps
Sub-program
| executed from a main program. The execution of program will be located
The value in a memory is increased or decreased, If the value does not
equal 0, the next statement is executed, If it is 0, a jump is performed to
the statement following the next *;" or" A".
Increase When (Y )x0
Memory y :
E e i ©
When (V )=0
Decrease When ED
Dsz Memory
+ =
name | a | : )
y when (y _) =0
(3): Statement
X): Value in memory
A display of Prog n (n=0 to 9) will appear when a sub-program 18
to the position after the fundamental Prog n when the sub-program finishes.
48
(C) Error Message Table
Message Meaning Countermeasure
[Syn ERROR | [, Calculation formula contains |1. Use@or to D to display the point where the error was
generated and correct it.
2. Formula in a program contains |2, Usr QorD to display the point where the error was
an error, generated, press AC und then correct the program in
ihe WRT made
MaERROR |], Calculation result exceeds |!. Check the input numeric value and correct it,
calculation range. 2, When using memories, check that the numeric values
2, Calculation is performed stored in memories are correct.
outside the input range of a
function.
3. [logical operation (division by
zero, etc.)
FOOERROR |1. No corresponding Lbl n for | 1. correctly inputa LbI nto correspond to the Goto nif
Goto n, not required,
2, No program stored in program 2, Store a program in program area Pn to correspond to
area P n which corresponds to Prog n, or delete the Prog n if not required.
Progn.
NE ERRUR ® Nesting of subroutines by Prog | e Ensure thar Prog n is not used to return from |
n exceeds 10 levels. subroutines to main routine. If used, delete any
unnecessary Progn.,
® Trace the subroutine jump destinations and ensure
that no iumps are made back to the original program
area, Ensure that returns are made correctly.
SMERROR |® Execution of calculations that | ® Simplify the formulas to keep stacks within 10
exceed the capacity of the stack levels for the numeric values and 24 levels for the
for numeric values or stack for calculations.
Jeulati ® Divide the formula into two or more
Mem ERROR (e Memory expansion exceeds | ® Press Fo © (Defm) to expand po to
level remaining in program necessary level.
e Attempl to use a memory such | ® Use memories within the current number of
as Z[5] when no memory has memories.
been expanded
Arg ERROR | ® Argument input incorrectly, Ex. | ® Re- enter argument correctly.
Negative valuc input for Defim,
value other that 1~9 input for n,
etc,
+
49
(D) Input Ranges of Functions
Function Input range Internal digits Accuracy Notes
sinx (Deg)| x| <9x10” As a rule. | However, for tanx:
COSA (Rad) | x| <Sx107% rad accuracy is El | | x| %90(2n+1):Deg
180% (Gra)| x] < Ix10"grad 12 digits | atthe 0th digits] | x| 4 7/2 (2n+1):Rad
| x| & 100(2п+1):Сга
Sin*x | x| <l
cos tx =
a as
sinhx Note: For sinh and tanh, when
| x] < 2302585092 x=0. errors are cumulative
coshx a = and accuracy is affected at a
| x| <lxto™ certain point.
tanhx
sinh"x | | x] < 5х0)”
cosh'x [rex 53x10” 5 i
tanh 'x | xl <l
i Ix10” <x < 1x1019 *
10" -Ix10' <x<100 5
e -1x10!<x< 230.2585092 Е =
Ix DexcixI0'"" 5
x x| <Ix10""
их x| <Ix10'. x 0 " =
$x x] <1x1019
x! U<Xx<09 (X is an integer) n a
Polixy) | Vxay<lxl'™ N
Rectr39) | O<rebi0'" However, for tano:
(Deg)| $9| <9x10” | 8] %90(2n+1):Deg
(Rad)| 8| <5x10'7rad 3 | 6) =T /2(2n+1):Rad
(Gra)] 8] < Ix10"grad | 8] =100(2n+1):Gra
E [al .be<xi0" ;
deb, c
a |x| <2.7777777T10" т a
en Hexadecimal display:
| х| <2777777.777
х>0:
-Ix10'<ylogx<100
x=0: y>0 я
x? х<0:
y=n.i/2n+1) (п 15 afinteger)
However:
-Ix10%<1/y log] x] <100
-1x10"™<1/x logy<100
y=0: x>0
y<0: x=20+1, 1/n ”
(NS), mis an integer)
e However: E
-Ix10'<1/x log] y| <100
Function Input range Internal digits Accuracy Notes
Results 12 digits As a rule.
Total of integer, numerator and accuracy is == |
denominator must be within 10 at the 10th
digitstinciudes division marks). digits.
a be Input
Result displayed as a fraction
for integer when integer
numerator and denominator are
less than 1x10".
| X] <1x10®
| y} <1x10#
SP(LR) || n| < 110!"
хоп, уст, х, y. A, B. r: nx0
xon-1, yon-1: nx0, 1 "т
50
Function Input range
BASE-N Values after variable within following range:
Dec: -2147483648 € x € 2147483647
Bin: 1000000000 € x <11I1111111 (negative)
0 < x £ ONIL (0, positive)
Oct: 2000000000 € x < 37777777777 (negative)
0 < x < 1777777777 (0; positive)
Hex: 80000000 € x <F FF (negative)
0 € x € 7FFFFFFF (0, positive)
Errors may be cumulative with internal continuous calculations such as x +.» Jy. x!.} /X sometimes affecting
accuracy.
(E) Specifications
Graph functions
Built-in function graphs: (20 types) sin. cos, tan, sin”, cos”. tan”, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh”, cosh’, tanh”, log, In
He mi
Types of graphs: User generated function graphs
Rectangular coordinates
Single-variable statistics; bar graphs, normal distribution curves
Paired-variable statistics; regression lines
Graph functions: Range specification, Overlay, Trace, Zoom (xf, x1/f. factor, original tresume)), Plot. Line,
Scroll
Calculations
Basic calculation functions: Negative numbers. exponents, parenthetical addition / subtraction/ multiplication/
division (with priority sequence judgement function -- true algebraic logic)
Built-in scientific function: trigonomeiric/inverse trigonometric functions(units of angular measurement: degrees,
radians, grads). hyperbolic/inverse hyperbolic functions, logarithmic/exponential
functions, reciprocals, factorials. square roots, cube roots, powers, Tools, Squares,
decimal-sexagesimal conversions, binary-octal-hexadecimal calculations, coordinate
transformations
Statistics: standard deviation - number of data. sum, sum of squares, means. standard deviation{iwo types)
Linear regression - number of data, sum of x, sum of y, sum of squares of x, sum of squares of y. mean
of x, mean of y. standard deviation of x (two types), standard deviation of y (two types), constant term,
regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, estmated value of x, estimated value of y.
Special functions: insert, delete, replay functions, substitution(=), multi-statement ( : and 4)
Memories: 26 standurd (maximum 76), Ans memory
Calculation range: + 1x10™ ~9.999999999x10" and 0. Internal operation uses 12 digit mantissa
Rounding: performed according to the specified number of significant digits or the number of specified decimal
places.
Exponential display: Norm! -10" [x |, |x| 310" Norm2-10" |x|, |x| 210"
Program function
Number of steps: 400 maximum
Jump functions: unconditional jump (Goto). 16 maximum
Conditional jump (=.%, <, >, =, =)
Count jumps (Isz, Dsz)
Subroutines: 9 levels
Number of stored ptograms: 10 maximum (PO to P9)
Check functions: program checking . debugging, deletion. addition, insertion. ec.
General:
Power supply: one lithium battery (CR2032)
Battery life: approximately 300 hours
Ambient temperature range : 32°F - [05°F
Dimensions: 5.9" x 3" x 0.4"
® The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.
® Inno event will the manufacturer and its suppliers be liable 10 you or any other damages
arising from the use of or inability to use this calculator or manual,
® In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers he liable to you or any other person for
uny damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages arising from the
loss of data and/or formulas caused by use of this calculator or manual.
® Due to limitations imposed by printing processes, the displays shown in this manual are
only approximations and may differ somewhat from actual displays.
51
LIMITED WARRANTY
This item is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the
original date of purchase under normal conditions of household use. Within the warranty period, we will repair /
replace the product or refund your money, at our option, at the place of purchase upon presentation of sales receipt
or other proof of purchase. This warranty extends only to the original retail purchaser, and excludes any damage
to the product resulting from accident or misuse, The product is not warranted when used in à commercial or
business environment,
The above warranty is complete and exclusive. The warrantor expressly disclaims linbility for any special,
incidental, indirect, or consequential damages in connection with the pruchase or use of this product or costs over
the original purchase price,
Any implied warranties arising by operation of law shall be limited in duration to the term of this warranty,
This warranty gives you specific legal rights; you may also have other rights that vary by jurisdiction, This
warranty is valid only within the United States of America (USA).
Ttem# A17C0139
WICH 560375
SVC Code: 1974
©2007 All Rights Reserved
Comer Office is a trademark of Walgreen Co, and is used under license.
Distributed By:
East West Distributing Co,
Deerfield, IL 60015-4616
Made in China
52
LIMITED WARRANTY
This item is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the
original date of purchase under normal conditions of household use. Within the warranty period, we will repair /
replace the product or refund your money, at our option, at the place of purchase upon presentation of sales receipt
or other proof of purchase. This warranty extends only to the original retail purchaser, and excludes any damage
to the product resulting from accident or misuse, The product is not warranted when used in a commercial or
business environment.
The above waranty is complete and exclusive. The warrantor expressly disclaims liability for any special,
incidental, indirect, or consequential damages in connection with the pruchase or use of this product or costs over
the original purchase price.
Any implied warranties arising by operation of law shall be limited in duration to the term of this warranty.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights; you may also have other rights that vary by jurisdiction, This
warranty is valid only within the United States of America (USA).
Item# A17C0139
WIC# 560375
SVC Code; 1974
©2007 All Rights Reserved
Comer Office is a trademark of Walgreen Co. and is used under license.
Distributed By:
East West Distributing Co,
Diterfield, IL 60015-4616
Made in China
52
">