Ricoh Pentax K-S2 K-S2 camera User manual

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Pentax K-S2

Foreword

And

Foreword and Table of contents

I am pleased that you purchased one of our

Pentax K-S2 – Everything you need to

know…..and then some e-book. As a photographer for many years, I have had many

Pentax cameras. My first “new” camera was a Pentax Spotmatic, purchased when I was still in Junior High.

We offer the

K-S2 e-book in a downloadable PDF e-book form only. We save production costs and you save money, and you get your book much faster. Almost all devices can read PDF files.

Your feedback is always important to me.

Yvon Bourque

I always appreciate comments from my readers, including those who let me know about typos, misspellings, and grammatical errors. However, please understand that

English is not my first language. You can always let me know by emailing me directly at

: [email protected]

How to use this e-book.

As you read this e-book, refer to the nomenclature in Chapter 1 often until you are thoroughly familiar with all parts of your camera.

Navigate through menus of the camera with the four-way controller shown here and illustrated in this book as

▲ for up,

▼ for down,

◄ for left and ► for right. The same buttons (Direct keys) are also used to access the Drive modes

►, the ISO settings ▲, the Flash modes

◄, and the White Balance ▼. The OK

(acknowledgement) button is in the center.

Indicates special notes or comments.

Indicates outside link when internet is available

Indicates link within the e-book

Foreword and Table of contents

PENTAX

K-S2

Everything you need to know… and then some.

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this e-book may be used or reproduced on any form or by any means, or stored in database or retrieval system, without prior written permission. Making copies of any part of this e-book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a violation of the United States and International copyright laws.

This e-book is sold as is, without any warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, respecting the contents of this e-book, including but not limited to implied warranties for e-book’s quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. The author nor dealers or distributors shall be liable to the purchaser or any other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this e-book.

All terms or Company names mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been carefully and appropriately noted. The author cannot attest to the accuracy of this information.

The contents of this e-book are strictly the view of the writer. The explanation and suggestions, as to the operation of the equipment as such, is derived from the author’s own experience and conclusions. The accuracy of the instructional articles has not been verified by the respective manufacturers. This e-book is not associated with Ricoh - Pentax or its affiliates

The author is not endorsing any equipment manufacturers nor is the author being compensated by any manufacturer for the editorial content of this e-book. Any text resembling any other published material is coincidental as this e-book is focused on the teachings of the use of the equipment, which is derived from the manufacturer’s instructions. The e-book is written, whenever possible, in a nontechnical manner and is geared toward entry level and amateur photographers, although some material may be useful to professional photographers.

Pentax is a trademark of Ricoh and its affiliates

Photoshop, Lightroom and Elements are trademarks of Adobe®

Foreword and Table of contents

About me:

Back when most of my classmates were dealing with growing up, I was nurturing a serious enthusiasm for photography. Son of a Montreal carpenter, I enrolled in photography courses, soaked up theory, bought my first Pentax, shot rolls of film, and learned how to develop and print. All this was before leaving junior high school. I had many dreams and like many aspiring young photographers, I dreamed of getting assignments from National Geographic and traveling the world over.

Decades later, the road has led me into other directions. With the responsibilities of a career and family, my plans were altered, but only slightly. The enthusiasm of the young boy and the love of photography are stronger than ever. I never abandoned my photography dreams. One of my biggest frustrations was that I never had enough time for more.

I have used all types of photographic formats, but now, I use Digital SLR cameras almost exclusively. “Technology is good. The freedom to unleash one’s creativity has never been greater. You either follow the flow of progress, or you are left behind”.

My work has given me the opportunity to travel across the United States, Canada,

Mexico and the Caribbean. My photography career never took-off as I had dreamed, but as a second career, I spent countless hours during the past decades capturing not only the beauty and the people of America but other Countries as well. I have won numerous awards, written articles and books on my beloved subject, and sold my work throughout the places I lived.

Where does a tireless hobbyist go from here? Like all other areas of our modern life, photography has gone digital. As an artist, I am fascinated with all of the digital possibilities. I recently retired and finally replaced my Engineering career shingle for one stating Yvon Bourque, Photographer. “With perseverance, all is possible.”

My first Pentax e-book was the K10D. I have written e-books for all Pentax DSLRs since, except for the 645 and the K-S1. If you own a 645, you are likely a Pro and the

K-S1 had too many unnecessary blinking lights to be taken seriously. The

K-S2

changes all of that.

Foreword and Table of contents

Foreword

I wrote this book for all users of the Pentax

K-S2. No matter what your experience level is, you will find something useful in this book.

Just a few decades ago, most amateur and professional photographers alike were using film cameras for their picture taking. Within the film cameras, several formats were used. The general public and a good number of professionals used the 35mm format.

A select few preferred using medium and large format cameras mainly because of the size of the negatives. Larger negatives rendered better pictures, better colors and fantastic enlargements. Film cameras had evolved to very sophisticated instruments and took great pictures. It’s no wonder that almost every family owned a 35mm camera.

When the first digital cameras started to appear, the quality was less than desirable, but the potential was certainly there. For several years, many photography magazines were debating whether or not the digital cameras would replace film based cameras.

Over time, the quality has so improved, that today, digital cameras exceed the quality of film based cameras. Of course, we are comparing the 35mm and medium format film cameras with the new breed of Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) cameras. It has taken many years to get where we are today, but digital is here to stay. Some of you probably never used a film camera before.

It wasn’t all that long ago when a top DSLR with a sensor in the 2 megapixels range was costing the consumers nearly five thousand dollars or more. For a while, as soon as you spent thousands of dollars for a top-of-the-line DSLR, it was replaced within months with a new and improved model.

The market, as this book is written, has stabilized, although still growing, and the norm in a non-professional DSLR is now around 12 to 25 megapixels, and 25 megapixels and above for most professional DSLR cameras. All are enough to produce very good enlargements up to about 16” x 20” and beyond. Full size (roughly 36mm x 24mm, or the same size as a 35mm frame) sensors are now available from most

DSLRs makers. The advantage of full frame is that you can use your 35mm format lenses without any correction factor. Pentax is using a smaller sized sensor (APS-C roughly 24mm x 16mm) requiring a correction factor of around 1.5 to 35mm format lenses. If you shoot with telephoto lenses, it works to your advantage as a 200mm f/2.8 lens acts like a 300mm f/2.8 telephoto at no additional cost. We know that a

Foreword and Table of contents

300mm f/2.8 telephoto lens is very expensive. The downside is that wide angle lenses will no longer perform as such, but the maximum aperture will remain. Today most companies manufacture super-wide lenses that, when converted to a 1.5x factor, still gives you a nominal wide angle comparable to a 20mm on up in the 35mm format.

Wide angle lenses are cheaper than telephotos. News Flash:, Pentax will have a FF

DSLR before the end of 2015. The

K-S2

uses a new 20 megapixel CMOS sensor, adapted by Pentax engineers for the

K-S2, drastically reducing the digital noise at high

ISO. It also allows sizeable cropping.

Unless you want to print your pictures billboard size at 300dpi resolution, the current

CMOS sensor will be sufficient to produce stunning pictures and enlargements that were only dreamed of a few years ago. The CMOS sensors use less power and produce very little digital noise at higher ISO.

In the past few years, we have seen many brand names in the camera field disappear.

Some acquisitions and mergers took place and some companies just abandoned the competitive digital photography market altogether.

In the past decade, two companies appear to have dominated the market; and indeed still do. There is no doubt that they manufacture good products, but the brand loyalty and recognition may have played an important role in their success.

With Ricoh introducing the Pentax

K-S2 the gap between Pentax and these two giants is narrower and there is no doubt that Pentax brand will be, once again, taking a greater share of the market with good products. Pentax took a while before producing its first

Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR). Some changes have happened. Pentax is not new to changing the photographic world. Pentax pioneered the Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera in 1952 with the introduction of the Asahiflex I camera. In 1954, the Asahiflex

II was introduced with the first instant mirror return. In 1964, Pentax did it again by introducing its Pentax Spotmatic camera featuring the first through-the-lens (TTL) metering system in a Pentax camera. A version of the Pentax TTL system is now found in virtually all 35mm SLR cameras and applied to the design of DSLRs as well.

Many of us learned photography by using the ever popular Pentax K1000.

The new Pentax

K-S2

is aimed at amateurs to advanced amateur photographers but can certainly be used by entry-level photographers on one hand and Professional photographers on the other hand as a backup camera. It’s a camera that will help expand

Foreword and Table of contents your photographic proficiency. It can be as easy to operate as a point and shoot, but it also has all of the professional features that you will demand as your experience grows. With the WI-FI capabilities, the weather resistant construction and the new articulating LCD screen, Pentax is leaving the competition behind. All Pentax lenses ever made will work with the

K-S2. It is often said that the glass are the most important factor in taking great photographs. There are many reasons to choose a Pentax for your digital photography endeavors.

Check our

Pentax Blog, “

The Blogspot

”; we constantly post articles about Pentax products and photography in general.

We also have a website showcasing our e-books. You can download useful information, samples or purchase an e-book for your Pentax DSLR.

We are on Facebook as well.

Foreword and Table of contents

Foreword and Table of contents

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Know your K-S2

Chapter 4

How to use your

K-S2

Chapter 5

Processing your K-S2 images

Chapter 6

The PENTAX system

Addendum

Photographic Techniques

Appendix

Movie Recording

Revisions

Glossary

Foreword and Table of contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

CHAPTER 1 ● KNOW YOUR K-S2

Nomenclature

Information in the Viewfinder

Viewfinder available information in details

Specifications

Model Description

Image Capture Unit

File Formats

Viewfinder

Live View

LCD Monitor

White Balance

Autofocus System

Metering

Shutter

Drive Modes

Flash

Capture Setting

Movie

Playback

Customization

Power Supply

Interfaces

Wireless LAN

NFC

Dimensions and Weight

Included accessories

<Windows> System Requirements

<Apple IOS> System Requirements

What is so special about the Pentax

K-S2?

First Pentax DSLR with an articulated LCD monitor

Performance and image quality

Wi-Fi and NFC ready

Optical Viewfinder with near 100% field of view

In-body shake reduction (SR)

Safox X

Accurately capture the subject you’re aiming for

Expanded Area AF

Foreword and Table of contents

Approx. 5.5 fps high-speed continuous shooting

Double e-dials

Shooting Modes

Standard zoom lens

Weather-resistant/dustproof body

20M CMOS image sensor

AA (anti-aliasing) Filter Simulator

PRIME M II

Maximize lens performance

Clarity Enhancement

Maximum ISO 51200

77 Multi-segment metering

Articulated LCD monitor

Air gapless monitor

Wi-Fi and NFC ready

“Image Sync” Free dedicated app

Remote shooting

Full HD movie

4K Interval Movie Record

External mic support

Star Stream movie shooting

GPS unit compatible

Selfies

Custom Image

Digital Filter

Scene Mode

A-HDR mode

Versatile drive function

Multi-exposure

Interval Shooting/Composite

Continuous shooting compatible self-timer

Other Functions

In-camera RAW processing

Buffer RAW

Built-in Flash

Dynamic Range Settings

(Highlight Correction/Shadow Correction)

High-ISO Noise Reduction

Auto Picture mode

Digital Camera Utility 5 (Silkypix)

Shooting modes

Green Auto

Foreword and Table of contents

(P) Program Mode

(Sv) Sensitivity Priority Mode

(Tv) Shutter Priority Mode

(Av) Aperture Priority Mode

(TAv) Shutter & Aperture Priority Mode

(M) Manual Mode

(USER) Modes

A-HDR Mode

SCN Mode

Links

CHAPTER 2 ● HOW TO USE YOUR K-S2

How to use your

K-S2 (Quick Start)

The Standby Mode (ready to shoot) Status Screen

The Control Panel

Shooting Info Display Selection Screen

Battery

Battery Installation / Removal

Installing / removing memory card

Installing / removing lenses

Turning the camera On/Off

Focusing Method

AF Modes

Adjusting the viewfinder diopter

Language

Date and time

Sound effects

Taking pictures now

E-dial programming

Picture quality

Shake reduction

White balance

AUTO

Mode

You have taken your first picture(s)

The Menus

Setting playback display

Histograms

Rotating Images

Image file format

RAW File Explained

Shooting and Saving in RAW

Shooting and Saving in JPEG

Foreword and Table of contents

Differences Between RAW and JPEG

Why Shoot JPEG?

Why Shoot RAW?

Summary RAW/JPEG

Button Customization

RAW/Fx Button Customization

Bracketing

Optical Preview

Digital Preview

Shake Reduction

AF Active Area

AF/AE-L Button Customization (for still images)

AF/AE-L Button Customization (for movies)

Wi-Fi Button and Customization

Setting Sensitivity (ISO)

High-ISO Noise Reduction

Slow shutter speed noise reduction

D-Range Settings

Setting EV and ISO Incremental Steps

White Balance Adjustments

White Balance Menu

White Balance Settings

Setting to AWB

Setting to Multi Auto White Balance

Setting to Daylight White Balance

Setting to Shade White Balance

Setting to Cloudy White Balance

Setting to Fluorescent-Daylight Color White Balance

Setting to Tungsten White Balance

Setting to Flash White Balance

Setting to CTE White Balance

Setting to Manual White Balance

Setting to Color Temperature White Balance

Fine-Tuning White Balance

Metering System

Linking AE and AF Points

Meter Operating Time

AE-L with AF Locked

Built-in Flash

Flash Compensation Output

EV Steps

Sensitivity Steps

100

101

102

103

104

105

107

108

109

110

Foreword and Table of contents

Allowing Flash Shooting While Charging

Built-in Flash Distance and Aperture

Calculating Maximum Flash Distance from a Set Aperture

Calculating Aperture from a Set Shooting Distance

Flash Modes

Flash On

Flash-on + Red-Eye

Slow-Speed Sync

Slow-Speed Sync + Red-Eye

Trailing Curtain Sync

Using the Flash in (Tv) Shutter Priority Mode

Using the Flash in (Av) Aperture Priority Mode

Daylight-Sync or Flash Fill

Autofocus System

AF Assist Light

TTL Phase-Matching AF Options (Shooting Through the Viewfinder)

AF Active Area

Contrast Detection AF Options (Shooting through the Live View Monitor)

Contrast AF Face Detection

Contrast AF Tracking

Contrast AF Multiple AF Points

Contrast AF Select

Contrast AF Spot

Focus Peaking

Catch-in Focus

Autofocus Fine Adjustments

Autofocus Accuracy, Back & Front Focusing Problems

Solution

K-S2 Camera Settings

Understand the Results

A Word about Autofocus Sensors

Difference Between 45°and 30° Charts (AF Fine Adjustment)

The

K-S2 Custom Settings Number 27

About the Charts

Download the High Resolution Charts

Live-View

Color Space

(AE-L) Button – Memorizing Exposure

Exposure Bracket Mode

Multiple Exposures

Using Multiple Exposures on the

K-S2 instead of Neutral Density Filters

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

126

128

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

139

140

Foreword and Table of contents

Remote Control

Drive Modes

Single-Frame Shooting

Continuous Shooting (H, M and L) High, Medium and Low

Self-timer

Self-Timer of 12 Sec.

Self-Timer of 2 Sec.

Self-Timer + Continuous

Wireless Remote Control

Remote Control

Remote 3 Sec Delay

Remote Continuous Shooting

Exposure Bracketing

Multi-Exposure

Interval Shooting

Interval Composite

Shake Reduction

Dust Removal

Sensor Cleaning

Pixel Mapping

Anti-Aliasing Filter Simulation

Screen View of each Menu First Page

Rec. Menu

Movie Menu

Playback Menu

Set-up Menu

Custom Settings Menu

Know your

K-S2

Chapter 1

Nomenclature

1. Self-timer lamp

2. Front e-dial

3. Main switch

4. AF Assist Light

5. Lens mount index

6. Mirror

7. AF coupler

8. Lens info contacts

9. Lens unlock button

Blinks for self-timer. Serves as remote control receiver.

Changes set values. (Customizable)

Move to turn camera on/ off and to see preview. (Customizable)

Lights up when AF is difficult to attain in darker scenes.

Reference point to install lenses.

Mirror lifts up during exposure. APS-C sensor is under.

Handles the AF drive between the lens and the camera.

Exchanges info between the lens and the camera for exposure.

Press to remove or install a lens.

Chapter 1

10. Articulating Monitor

Displays exposed pictures, allows access to menus.

11. Live View / Delete

Press for Live View or delete current picture.

12. Viewfinder

13. Rear e-dial

14. AF / AE L button

15. Card access

16. Playback button

Viewing through the lens method instead of live view.

Changes values. (Customizable for each menu)

Alternate Focus button or Auto-focus lock

Flashes when writing to memory card.

Toggles between Playback and Capture mode

17. Four-way controller

Main camera controller array – See below for more details

18. Menu button

19. Info Button

Press to display menus. Press again to return to previous screen.

Press to change the display style on the monitor

22 23

20. Four-way controller

▼

Four-way controller Down or WB in direct keys

21. Four-way controller

◄

Four-way controller Left or Flash Mode in direct keys

22. Four-way controller

▲

Four-way controller Up or ISO in direct keys.

23. OK button OK

Press to acknowledge selected item.

24. Four-way controller

►

Four-way controller Right or Drive Mode in direct keys

Chapter 2

How to use your

K-S2

Selective Focusing

Modified to look like on canvas in Photoshop Element

Many of the K-S2 features and functions are available directly from the Status

Screen, without having to navigate through pages of menus. This was introduced with

the K-7 generations and some users of the earlier PENTAX DSLRs will appreciate

this convenient feature.

The Standby Mode (ready to shoot) Status Screen

Turn the camera on and rotate the mode dial to

Av. The following screen appears, it is the Status

Screen. In this example, the Mode being used is

Av.

A snapshot of the current settings is shown.

The front e-dial is not used and the rear e-dial changes the aperture. The File Format is JPEG.

You still have 518 same size images you can add to the SD card. The AF is set to AFA. The Custom image is set at Natural. AE-Metering is

Multi-Segment and the shake reduction is on. The battery is fully charged.

This initial screen is a cursory view of the current settings. You can quickly decide if this mode will work for your next picture, or change the mode using the Mode Dial.

The Control Panel

It doesn’t stop here. You can get in the heart of the settings by pressing the INFO button. This brings yet another screen, the Control Panel.

You can navigate through this screen with the four-way controller and changes the highlighted parameters shown. If you noticed, we did not have to go through any menu yet. With the

K-S2, the menus are mostly used to change overall settings. That is a big improvement over older PEN-

TAX DSLRs. It’s almost like having dedicated buttons for all settings. When taking pictures, the scene conditions can change rapidly. You may need to modify some setting quickly to adjust to the scene’s condition. This faster method of activation can make the difference between getting or missing a great photo opportunity. The items that “cannot be changed” in this camera setting are not highlighted and therefore cannot be selected.

Chapter 2

Shooting Info Display Selection Screen

Pressing the INFO button again brings the screen to the left. Use the four-way controller to navigate horizontally

◄►. From left to right, the first box allows all of the shooting information to be displayed on the Status

Screen. The second box allows the electronic level to be displayed and operational. The third box turns the information on the Status

Screen off, and finally the fourth box shows the latitude, longitude, altitude and time, but is available only when the optional GPS unit O-GPS1 is attached.

To recap, while in the “standby mode” (camera ready to shoot), pressing the INFO

button toggles between the Control Panel, the Info Display and the Standby Mode.

Control Panel Info Display

Standby Mode

Chapter 2

About the Charts.

Although the Charts have given me good results, you should fully understand how they help analyzing the Auto Focus accuracy. Read the above paragraphs several times until you completely grasp the procedures. You can adjust the focus of all Pentax lenses, as they are non-permanent changes. You can reset the Auto Focus to factory defaults at any time. As for the other Pentax camera models that do not have the

“AF Fine Adjustment”, you should only have a Pentax trained technician adjust the

Auto Focus of your lenses or DSLR cameras.

Print the charts on your own printer for the best quality possible. It is best to print on heavy mat paper.

You can get printable high resolution charts here:

High Resolution Charts

133

(SCN) Scene Mode

• New with the

K-S2, you can set the Mode Dial to SCN. In this mode, you can let the camera presets take over a typical scene.

• To set the camera to SCN, turn the mode dial to SCN.

• Everything is on auto in this mode, except for the Ev compensation.

Here are the various scenes.

Portrait

Landscape

Macro Moving Object

Night Scene Portrait

Sunset Blue Sky

Forest

Night Scene

Night Scene HDR

Night Snap

Food

Pet

Backlit Silhouette

Candlelight

166

Kids Surf & Snow

Stage Lighting

Museum

Chapter 2

Wi-Fi Capabilities

This feature alone is worth the price of the K-S2.

In my opinion, this is the biggest improvement brought to us with the

K-S2, and the second one is the articulating monitor screen.

First thing you should do is to download the “Image Sync” app.

The Apple iOS version is found in the Apple App Store under Pentax Image Sync.

The Android version is found under Pentax Image Sync - Android Apps on Google

Play

Once the app is installed on your device (I assume a smart phone or tablet) you can start using the device to control the

K-S2 and to upload images to your device and share your images.

Facebook Image Sharing

Let’s start with uploading images and

Image 1

Image 2

Image 3

Image 4

sharing them on Facebook. Press the

Wi-Fi button on your camera (

Image 1

). It should say Wi-Fi enabled on the camera monitor. Enable Wi-Fi on your device

(

Image 2

) (I am using a iPhone 5s).

PENTAX_xxxxxx is an available network. Enter the password assigned in the Set-up menu page 3

(

Image 3

). Start the Image

Sync app on your device

(

Image 4

). The next screen is similar to the (

Image 5

167

Chapter 2

177

Chapter 3

Processing your

K-S2 images

179

Chapter 3

In-Camera Image Processing

RAW and JPEG images can be processed and manipulated in-camera. This allows you to develop your images without the use of a computer.

Editing Images (Captured images)

Make sure that you have images recorded on the memory card. Press the Playback button

[►]

to activate the Playback screen. Using the four-way controller

►◄▲▼, navigate to the image you want to edit until it is displayed on the LCD monitor. Press the four-way controller

▼ down.

The camera displays the Playback mo de palette.

The Playback mode palette is one of the most powerful features of this DSLR. Working without a computer or external software, you can perform the following enhancements and modifications to one image or to multiple images.

Image Rotation

Digital Filter **

Rotate your image(s)

Add various digital filter effects to your images

Color Moiré Correction Eliminates Moiré

Resize ** Change the number of recorded pixels or quality

Cropping

Protect

Slideshow

Save as Manual WB

Save Cross Processing

RAW development *

Movie Edit

Crop you image to your desired taste

Protect image(s) from being erased

Play the images sequentially as a slide presentation

Copy the White Balance from one image as manual WB

Saves Cross Processing as favorite

Convert RAW image(s) to JPEG or TIFF format

Divides movie or extract segment

* Indicates that the effect is available for RAW files only.

** - Indicates that the effect is available for JPEG files only.

180

Chapter 3

Image Rotation

Navigate through the options to your desired effect. Press the OK button once the green box surrounds what action you want to take. In this first example, we have chosen to rotate an image.

Image can be rotated in increments of 90 degrees.

Digital Filter(s) (After Shooting)

Digital filters can only be saved as JPEG files.

The following filters effects are all a matter of taste and I suggest you play around and find the ones you like best. I like the in-camera filters for a quick manipulation of a JPEG image to send immediately over the Internet. If you want to manipulate your images, the results can be more professional looking when using software like the Adobe series of Digital Imaging programs. Furthermore, a desktop computer will likely have more crunching power than the mini-computer in your camera. That said, it’s amazing to me that you can actually process your images, in-camera, all without the use of a computer. You can also bring the memory card, with the filters applied to some images, to a Kiosk for printing your images. Costco, for example, can process your digital images (files) instantly and print 4” x 5” pictures or even to all sizes of enlargements.

181

Chapter 3

Base Parameter Adj Extract Color Replace Color Toy Camera

Retro High Contrast Shading Invert Color

Unicolor Bold Bold Monochrome Tone Expansion Sketch

Water Color Pastel Posterization Miniature

Soft Starburst Fish-Eye Slim

Monochrome

182

Chapter 4

The Pentax System

195

Chapter 4

Short Pentax History

Ever since Pentax introduced their first 35mm SLR in 1952, the Asahiflex I, backward compatibility has been a strong reason for owning a Pentax camera. This is still true today. Here is a partial list of Pentax innovations:

In 1952, the Asahiflex I was the first Japanese camera introduced to the world. Unlike its competitors, the camera was not a replica of German technology.

In 1954, the Asahiflex II was the world’s first instant return mirror system.

In 1957, The Asahi Pentax model used a pentaprism in the viewfinder of a Pentax single lens reflex (SLR) camera, introducing the concept of eye-level viewing.

It was the first camera to be marketed under the Pentax name.

In 1964, Pentax introduced its Spotmatic camera featuring the first through-the-lens (TTL) metering system in a Pentax camera.

196

Chapter 4

This is a Full Frame Lens

• HD PENTAX-D FA* 70-200mm F2.8ED

DC AW

• Fast, F2.8 lens

• High Performance Optical Design with

Aero Bright Coating II and HD coating

• All weather construction

• Improved Quick Shift Focus System

232

Chapter 4

This is a Full Frame Lens

• HD PENTAX-D FA 150-450mm F4.5-

5.6ED DC AW

• 3x zoom ratio

• High performance Optical Design with

HD coating

• New Auto Focus Present Button

• All Weather construction

233

Chapter 4

FA & FA Limited Lenses

The PENTAX FA lens series were originally designed for film SLR cameras, but they are also fully compatible with digital SLR cameras. The FA series features full-frame image coverage with full automatic and manual aperture control.

• smc PENTAX FA 50mm F1.4

• Standard

• Indoor photography, portraiture, low light photography, still life, weddings

• smc PENTAX FA 31mm F1.8 Limited

• Wide-angle

• Low light photography and wedding, nature, landscape, indoor photography

234

Chapter 5

Photography

Techniques

249

Chapter 5

Although this book is intented to be used with the

Pentax K-S2, there are some basic photography techniques we should touch upon. Keep in mind that this chapter will not make you an expert in photography by itself. Like all other skills we learn, practice is what makes us excel in any of our undertakings. There are many books on photo techniques on the market that you can get to further learn the craft and art of photography. For years,

Kodak has regularly published photography books targeted to the beginners all the way on up to the professional photographers.

Photography, is about light. It’s about light reaching a media, film or digital sensor, and turning the results into an image that we can see, on a computer screen for example, or printed on paper.

Other than the actual lighting conditions of a scene, there are three major entities that directly affect how the light reaches the recording media. The Aperture (

lens opening), the shutter speed (

the speed at which the shutter opens and closes) and the media sensitivity also known as ISO number

(the amount of light recorded on the media for a given

exposure). Too much light reaching the media, and the image will be washed out. Too little light reaching the media, and the image will be too dark.

This is to say that the balance between these three settings must be just right. Technically speaking, a large aperture will let a lot of light in, and therefore the shutter speed and/or the recording media will need to be adjusted accordingly. Let’s assume for a moment that the sensitivity is set at ISO 200 and cannot be changed. We now have to balance the aperture and shutter speed to get the correct amount of light in. Again, assuming that an aperture of

f/4 at a shutter speed of 1/125 th

of a second would be adequate, the same results could be achieved with an aperture of

f/5.6 at a shutter speed of 1/60 th

of a second. In other words, increasing the aperture by one

f/stop and decrease the shutter speed by one step, the same amount of light would reach the film or sensor. The difference between the two is the composition (depth of field or clarity of moving subjects). Since we are dealing with digital single lens reflex (

DSLR) cameras, from now on lets use the word “sensor” for media.

250

Chapter 5

Selfies

Selfie

The making of selfie

256

Chapter 5

Black & White

It is a little difficult to emphasize on taking black & white pictures, when modern

DSLR cameras do such a good job with colors.

Shooting, or rather, turning your photo to black & white or even sepia tone can make an otherwise bland photo, interesting. Black & White pictures have gained popularity in the past few years. Perhaps it is because of the nostalgia it projects. Because you only have two colors to worry about, (black

& white) you can play with the contrast, the clarity, the vibrance, the saturation and the luminance of colors. In Photoshop Lightroom, which I use, although the luminance is in color, it acts like a filter for black & white photography. Adjusting the blue will darken or lighten the sky. Adjusting the yellow and green will make the foliage darker or lighter and so on. Give it a try.

263

Chapter 5 if you have a Pentax DSLR and more specifically a Pentax K-S2, you can discard the use of ND filters to attain similar results.

ND filters may not be required with the K-S2

(

Article I published on November of 2014).

Using the four-way controller, press the up button to the Drive

Mode. Set the drive mode to Multi-Exposure or Multi-

Exposure+Continuous.

(When using Continuous, pressing the shutter release once will automatically trigger the number of shots

chosen.) Set the Composite Mode to Average and then set the number of shots you want. You should use a remote control if possible. Use a tripod.

Your K-S2 screen will look like the image above left in the Drive Mode, when ready to shoot.

In this first example, I took my first picture at 1/180th sec, and took only one exposure. The image is

crystal clear.

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Chapter 5

Most importantly, take pictures of family and friends

• Pictures of sunsets and mountains can be taken any time. Family and friends are the most important pictures you can take. They grow up, they move away, etc,. They represent who you are.

286

Chapter 6

Movie Recording

287

Chapter 6

The

K-S2 can capture beautiful, true-to-life movie clips in up to fullHD proportions

(1920x1080 pixels) at a frame rate of 24p, 25p, 30p frames per second. It also records in HD (1280 x720) at 50p and 60p.

Remember that the K-S2 is primarilly a still image camera. If your intentions are to produce professional video clips or full length movies, this camera is not for you.

However, it takes great video compared to smart phones and amateur videocam with their small sensors. A complete e-book could be written on movie making. For that reason, this chapter explains the video functionality of the K-S2 but does not go into details on movie making skills. Perhaps this could be a separate e-book, someday, for all Pentax DSLRs..

The movies are recorded in MPEG-4AVC/H.64 (MOV)

The numbers (24p, 25p, 30p, 50p and 60p) represent how many times the video frame is displayed per second. The letters p indicate that the video frame is displayed using progressive format.

•

The 24p video frame rate is closer to that of film in theatrical motion pictures.

•

The video frame rates 50i and 60i are recommended for normal recording.

•

The 25p video frame rate is used in countries outside of the United States and

Canada.

•

The 50p video frame rate has double information per unit time. This is great for creating slow motion clips.

Progressive video content displays both the even and odd scan lines (the entire video frame) at the same time.

The

K-S2 also provides greater possibilities in visual presentation in movies, especially through the application of custom images and digital filters. With its large image sensor, with performance rivaling professional video cameras, highperformance imaging engine, and a wide selection of acclaimed Pentax interchangeable lenses, you can easily capture unique, eye-catching movie clips.

288

Chapter 6

Location photograph without using Star Stream

Same Location using Interval Star Stream

298

Addendum

299

Addendum

This chapter contains additional information not covered in previous chapters and/or revisions to this e-book.

The O-GPS1 details

This module is attached to the flash hot shoe on top of the camera. It is designed mainly to geotag your images with information in the EXIF section of the file. This information allows you to know the coordinates where your image was taken. The O-GPS1 gets its information from geo-positioning satellites that are in orbit around the earth.

There is a little orange LED light on the left side of the control panel. When it’s blinking, your battery is depleted and needs to be replaced.

Install the GPS the same way you install a flash unit.

Turn the unit on by pressing small black button on its control panel for about one second. A blue LED light will appear on the control panel, and it should begin to blink. This means the unit is acquiring signals from GPS satellites. When the proper signals are acquired, the blue light will go from blinking to steady. This process may take from a few seconds to a few minutes, depending on when it was last turned on and how far it has been moved from its last active location.

If all you want is latitude, longitude and elevation in your EXIF data, you are ready to go. If you also want to know in what direction of the compass the camera was pointed, then you should calibrate the device while it and the camera are turned on.

If you don’t calibrate it, the compass direction info will probably be inaccurate to some degree. I’ve found that the coordinate information itself seems accurate without

300

Appendix

305

Shutter Blades, a curtain, or other movable cover in a camera that controls the time during which light reaches the film or CCD.

Shutter Priority An exposure mode on an automatic or autofocus camera that lets you select the desired shutter speed. The camera sets the aperture for proper exposure.

Single-Lens-Reflex (SLR) Camera A type of camera that allows seeing through the camera's lens when composing a picture.

Slow Sync A flash technique for using the flash at a slow shutter speed. Using a slower shutter speed with the flash brings out the background details in the picture.

Use of a slow shutter speed with Rear-Curtain Sync is particularly effective for illustrating the movement of a stream of light.

Soft Focus Produced by use of a special lens or filter that creates soft outlines.

Stopping Down Changing the lens aperture to a smaller opening.

elephoto Lens that makes a subject appear larger on film than does a normal lens at the same camera-to-subject distance. A telephoto lens has a longer focal length and narrower field of view.

TTL auto flash The camera's light sensor measures flash illumination, as reflected by the subject and shuts off the flash where measurement indicates a correct exposure.

Time Exposure A long exposure made in seconds or minutes.

Tone The degree of lightness or darkness in any given area of an image

Tripod A three-legged supporting stand used to hold the camera steady. The

K-S2

uses shake reduction, minimizing the need for a tripod.

ltra wide-angle lens Extra-wide angle lens, usually with an angle of view greater than 90°.

318

Underexposure A condition in which too little light reaches the film or sensor, producing a dark image.

UV Ultra violet ray. Beyond the visible spectrum. It is invisible electromagnetic radiation of the sunlight.

hite balance While shooting, adjustment of color temperature to match the light source so the subject appears to have correct color.

******************

This is a new era in photography.

319

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