LEADER LS 1020 Oscilloscope Instruction Manual

 OSCILLOSCOPE
LS 1020
[INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION. ............. ..emcaccacrocorrvaro conc ano. 1-1
1.1 For Safety's Sake ................ 2..2... 5.5... 500000... 1-1
1.2 Operating Precautions.............ñoo oo occecrceecccaaoo. 1-2
1.2.1 Line Voltage and Fuse .............._.ecoeeecoooooo 1-2
1.2.2 Maximum Allowable input Voltage .................. 1-2
1.2.3 Installation ........... iii ii. 1-3
1.2.4 CRT Intensity..........._...ooeececrcoreroro. 2... 1-3
2. SPECIFICATIONS ........ iii... eee. e. .2-1
2.1 Description .........._..o_oeoeecxec0eereoacrocooacavacoro, 2-1
2.2 Features ...........o_eeecocrcocororrorocoooararavarc 6 2-1
2.3 Specifications ................. te eee eee 2-2
2.3.1 LS 1020 Oscilloscope.............. ann 2-2
2.3.2 LP-051 Low Capacitance Probe .................... 2-4
3. PANEL DESCRIPTION .............e_ee0corooreovoroaccao 3-1
3.1 Exterior .............eeeocvceoccocaroreooara eee eae о 3-1
3.2 Front Panel ...............oceceeececooroarerercarereceo 3-2
3.2.1 Display Block .............e.e_eeeeedcorecoorercoo. 3-2
3.2.2 Vertical Block ...........o.eococeococococororooeroe. 3-3
3.2.3 Trigger Block.............e..ee..e. eee eee .3-5
3.24 Sweep Block. .... ee ae. 3-7
3.3 Rear Panel ....... iii i i eee 3-8
4. BASIC OPERATING PROCEDURES. ......... iii... 4-1
4.1 Displaying Trace ........... iii. 4-1
4.2 Using the Low Capacitance Probe. . ...................... 4-2
4.2.1 Арреагапсе апа Мате. .......................... 4-2
4.2.2 Probe Adjustment ............. iii... 4-2
4.3 Connecting Signal. . ........ ii eee, 4-3
4.3.1 Direct Connection . ............ 0. iin. 4-3
4.3.2 Using the Low Capacitance Probe .................. 4-4
4.4 Single-Trace Operation... ........ iii... 4-5
4.5 Dual-Trace Operation ...........o_eoeoeocsecscoroonoaeroooo. 4-6
4.6 Triggering for Stable Display ................ itt. 4-7
4.6.1 TriggerMode Selection. ............... 0. 4-7
4.6.2 Trigger Source Selection ......................... 4-8
4.6.3 Trigger Coupling Selection ........................ 4-9
4.6.4 TriggerPointSetting ........... iii. 4-10
4.7 Horizontal Magnification ........00000000000 0000000000000 4-11
. MEASUREMENT APPLICATIONS ........ cities 0... 5-1
5.1. DC Voltage MeasurementS ......0.0.0.0.000000000 00000000000 5-1
5.2 AC Voltage MeasurementS .....0.0.0000000 000000000 0000000 5-2
5.3 Time interval Measurements .....0.0.0.00000004000 00000000000 5-3
5.4 Frequency MeasurementS .......0..0000000000000 000000040 5-4
5.5 Pulse Rise TimeMeasurements. ...0..0.0.0.0.000000000000004 00 5-5
5.6 Observing Composite Video Signal........... SE 5-6
5.7 Phase Difference MeasurementS 0. .....0.0.00000000 000000004 5-7
5.7.1 Dual-TraceMethod . ......... iii, 5-7
5.7.2 X-YDisplayMethod .......... iii, 5-8
. MAINTENANCE ...........co.ecocacorarooooreavareocacane 6-1
6.1 Cleaning ...........eooococeccccocaccacrareararerereraro 6-1
6.2 Periodical Calibration .............. iii... 6-1
1. INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing our product. Please read the instruction manual
carefully before operating this instrument.
1.1 For Safety's Sake
Explanation of the Terms
| WARNING |... The WARNING sign calls attention to abnormal conditions or
dangerous practices that could result in personal injury or
death.
[ CAUTION |... The CAUTION sign calls attention to abnormal conditions or
dangerous practices that could result in damage to the
instrument or other property.
Cautions on operation appear in the instruction manual. Read the manual
carefully to ensure correct operation.
| WARNING |
Do not remove any cases or covers.
The high-voltage section inside this instrument can cause electrical shock.
* Do not operate this instrument and connected units in a volatile or flammable
atmosphere.
An explosive can result.
* Do not insert metal objects (e.g., wire, pin) into the vents.
Otherwise, you may damage the instrument or suffer electrical shock.
* Connect this instrument to the rated power line voltage.
Excessive voltage can cause fire.
- Do not touch the high-voltage section with hand directly when measuring it.
You may suffer electrical shock.
- Do not connect this instrument to equipment whose chassis has electrical
| potential to ground (i.e., transformerless equipment).
Otherwise, you may damage the instrument or suffer electrical shock.
1-1
1.2 Operating Precautions
1.2.1 Line Voltage and Fuse [ CAUTION ]
Confirm that the power line voltage is correct before connecting the power cord.
The voltage range and fuse rating are indicated on the rear panel.
The instrument must be connected to the rated line voltage and line frequency
of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
When replacing the fuse, turn the power switch off and disconnect the power
cord from the mains.
Use specified fuse only.
Rated Voltage
Fuse
Voltage Range Rating Leader Parts Number
100 V
120 V
90 10 110 V 1 A, time-lag 4363765006
108 to 132 V ;
220 V
198 to 242 V 0.5 A, time-lag | 4363750006
1.2.2 Maximum Allowable Input Voltage [ CAUTION ]
The maximum allowable input voltage to the input connectors and probe Is
shown in Table below.
Do not apply excessive voltage to prevent damage the instrument.
Input Connector
Maximum Allowable Input Voltage
CH1 OR X IN
CH2 ORY IN
EXT TRIG IN
Probe
400 V peak (DC + AC peak)
400 V peak (DC + AC peak)
400 V peak (DC + AC peak)
600 V peak (DC + AC peak)
The maximum allowable input voltage reduces when 1 kHz or higher frequency
is applied.
The maximum input voltage of "400 V peak (DC + AC peak)" is as shown in
Figure 1-1.
и +400V
ML
OV
Figure 1-1
1-2
1.2.3 Installation [ CAUTION ]
Do not use the instrument in the following environments.
» High temperature environments
Do not place the instrument under direct sunlight or near a heater (e.g.,
stove). Do not move the instrument from cold to warm environment abruptly,
it may cause condensation.
Operating temperature range: 0 to 40°C
» High humidity environments
Do not place the instrument in the high humidity environment (e.g., bathroom,
near a humidor).
Operating humidity range: 10 to 85 % RH
e Dusty environments
« Excessive magnetic fields
Do not place the instrument by the strong magnetic field (e.g., high-power
transformer). Waveform distortion or tilt may occur.
1.2.4 CRT Intensity [ CAUTION |]
Do not leave the instrument with high intensity or displaying sharp spot. The
CRT screen may be burned-in or its life may reduce.
1-3
2. SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 Description
The Model LS 1020 Dual-Trace Portable Oscilloscope with 6-inch rectangular,
internal graticule CRT features a bandwidth of DC to 20 MHz, maximu:
deflection factor of 0.5 mV/div (5MHZ), and maximum sweep speed of 5. -.:/div.
Various functions (e.g., TV sync separator, variable holdoff, X-Y display mode)
allow this oscilloscope for educational use as well as production line and
service applications of TVs, VTRs, and audio products.
2.2 Features
» High-sensitivity of 0.5 mV/div
Enables measurement of low level signals (e.g., power supply ripple, noise
components).
+ TV-V, TV-H trigger
Allows TV video signal observation. Stable display can be obtained by
selecting the vertical or horizontal sync signal of the video signal regardless
of the TIME/DIV switch setting.
* Variable holdoff
The variable holdoff time (from the sweep end to sweep start) can display
complex waveform stably.
* ALT trigger
Displays asynchronous waveforms stably.
* X-Y display
Offers X-Y oscilloscope capability: CH1 for X axis, CH2 for Y axis.
* Scale illumination
Permits operating the oscilloscope in dark locations, or photographing the
screen.
° CH1 OUTPUT connector
Outputs buffered signal applied to the CH1 input connector. Therefore, the
oscilloscope can be used as a wideband, high-sensitivity amplifier.
2-1
2.3 Specifications
2.3.1 LS 1020 Oscilloscope
CRT
Type
Accelerating Potential
Effective Display Area
Beam rotator
Scale Illumination
Intensity Modulation
Vertical Axis (CH1, CH2)
Deflection Factor
Accuracy
Bandwidth
DC Coupled
AC Coupled
Rise Time
Input Impedance
Input Coupling
Maximum Input Voltage
Operation Mode
Polarity
CH1 OUT
Horizontal Axis
Sweep Mode
Sweep Time
Accuracy
Magnifier
Maximum Sweep Speed
150 mm, rectangular, internal graticule
2 kV, regulated
8 x 10 divisions (1 div = 10 mm)
Adjustment on the front panel
3 steps
Positive TTL level reduces brightness
5 mV/div to 5 V/div
0.5 mV/div to 2 mV/div (X10 MAG on)
1-2-5 sequence, 10 ranges, continuous variable
between ranges
+3 %
+5 % (X10 MAG on)
DC to 20 MHz (8 div ref), -3 dB
DC to 5 MHz (8 div ref), -3 dB (X10 MAG on)
Lower cutoff frequency: 10 Hz, -3 dB
17.5 ns
70 ns (X10 MAG on)
1 МО +1.5 %
30 pF +5 pF (deviation: +2 pF)
AC, GND, DC
400 V peak
CH1, CH2, CHOP, ALT, ADD
CH2 only
Approx. 50 mV/div (into 50 Q)
DC to 20 MHz, -3 dB
Triggered sweep, automatic sweep
0.1 us/div to 0.2 s/div
1-2-5 sequence, 20 ranges, continuous variable
between ranges
+3 %
10 times +5%
(0.1 and 0.2 ps/div ranges are not calibrated.)
50 ns/div (X10 MAG on)
2-2
Triggering
Holdoff Variable Range
Signal Source
Coupling
Trigger Slope
Sensitivity
TV triggering
X-Y Mode
Input Connector
Deflection Factor
X Axis Bandwidth
X-Y Phase Accuracy
Calibrator
Output Voltage
Frequency
Environmental Conditions
Operating
Spec-Guaranteed
Others
Power Requirements
Power Consumption
Size and Weight
В 320
Front View
One sweep or longer
ALT, CH1, CH2, LINE, EXT
AC, HF-REJ, DC, TV-V, TV-H
+, -
Frequency Range | Internal | External
NORM | 30 Hz to 10 MHz 0.5div | 0.2 Vp-p
2 Hz to 20 MHz 1.5div | 0.6 Vp-p
AUTO | 30 Hz to 10 MHz 0.5 @ | 0.2 Vp-p
30 Hz to 20 MHz 1.5div | 0.6 Vp-p
Triggered by sync signal of composite video signal.
To select the trigger polarity to match the signal
polarity, use SLOPE switch.
CH1: X axis, CH2: Y axis
Same as the vertical axes
DC or 10 Hz to 1 MHz (8 div ref), -3 dB
<3" at 100 kHz
0.5 Vp-p £2 %
Approx. 1 kHz, square wave
Temperature: 0 to 40°C
Humidity: 10 to 85 % RH
Temperature: 10 to 35°C
Humidity: 10 to 85 % RH
100 Y, 120 V, 220 V +10 % 50/60 Hz
50 VA
310 (W) x 150 (H) x 375 (D) mm, 8.5 kg
| 430
—
U
Rear view
Accessories
LP-051 Low Capacitance Probe
(X10, X1 selectable)
Fuse
Instruction Manual
2.3.2 LP-051 Low Capacitance Probe
Applicable Oscilloscope Input Resistance: 1 MQ, £2 %
Input Capacitance: 20 to 35 pF
X10 X1
Attenuation 1/10, +2 % 1/1
Bandwidth DC to 50 MHz DC to 6 MHZ
Input Resistance 10 MQ 1 MQ
Input Capacitance Approx. 20 pF | Approx. 200 pF
Maximum Input Voltage 600 VDC
2-4
3. PANEL DESCRIPTION
3.1 Exterior
OSCLLOSCOPE гон: |8 1020 |
>
LA
Rear panel
(1 Handle
@ Bottom feet
Tilt stand angles the oscilloscope for bench top operation.
© Legs
Provides a winding the power cord, and supports the oscilloscope for
vertical operation.
Fuse
To remove fuse, rotate the cap counterclockwise using a Pillips
screwdriver. The fuse can be removed with the cap.
When replacing the fuse, confirm that the type and rating indicated on the
rear panel.
® Power cord
Connect the power cord to the rated power line voltage.
3-1
3.2 Front Panel
Display block Vertical block Sweep block
Trigger block
3.2.1 Display Block
® POWER ON/OFF switch
Push the switch in to turn power on. The pilot lamp lights.
Release the switch to turn power off.
@ Pilot lamp
Indicates the oscilloscope is powered on.
ILLUM switch
Controls brightness of the scale illuminator. Three positions (i.e., off, mid,
high) are provided.
ROTATION adjustment
Compensates slight tilting of the trace due to terrestrial magnetism when
the oscilloscope is relocated. Adjust the trace with respect to the horizontal
graticule line.
FOCUS control
Adjusts trace sharpness.
© INTEN control
Controls brightness of the displayed waveform.
Clockwise rotation increases brightness; counterclockwise rotation
decreases brightness.
3-2
42 Graticule
The graticule is inscribed on the CRT inner surface for parallax-free
measurements. Display area is 8 x 10 divisions (1 div = 10 mm). Sub-
scales at interval of 0.2 division are provided on the vertical and horizontal
center lines.
The vertical deflection factor and horizontal sweep time is calibrated with
respect to this graticule.
The supplemental scales (0, 10, 90, and 100 %) are provided for measuring
the rise and fall times of pulse.
3.2.2 Vertical Block
13 Y CH1 POSITION control
Clockwise rotation moves the waveform up.
VARIABLE control, PULL X10 MAG switch (CH1 or X)
This knob has following two functions.
VARIABLE: Provides continuously variable between the setting of
the CH1 VOLTS/DIV switch. Counterclockwise rotation
decreases sensitivity.
Set this control to the CAL position for voltage
measurements.
PULL X10 MAG: Pulling this switch out increases the CH1 vertical
deflection factor 10 times. By this setting, bandwidth
reduces to 5 MHz (-3 dB). Noise caused by an amplifier
may be increased. Normally, push this knob in.
(5 VOLTS/DIV switch (CH1 or X)
Selects the deflection factor of the input signal applied to the CH1 OR X IN
connector. |
The 10 ranges, 5 mV/div to 5 V/div, are provided.
In the X-Y display mode, this switch selects the X axis deflection factor.
@6 СН1 ОВ Х IN connector
For applying an input signal to the CH1 vertical amplifier, or X-axis
amplifier during X-Y operation.
[ CAUTION 1 Do not apply excessive voltage to the connector. The
maximum allowable input voltage is 400 V peak.
() Ground terminal
@ VARIABLE control, PULL X10 MAG switch (CH2 or Y)
This knob has following two functions.
VARIABLE: Provides continuously variable between the setting of
the CH2 VOLTS/DIV switch. Counterclockwise rotation
decreases sensitivity.
Set this control to the CAL position for voltage
measurements.
PULL X10 MAG: Pulling this switch out increases the CH2 vertical
deflection factor 10 times. By this setting, bandwidth
reduces to 5 MHz (-3 dB). Noise caused by an amplifier
may be increased. Normally, push this knob in.
(9 VOLTS/DIV switch (CH2 or Y)
Selects the deflection factor of the input signal applied to the CH2 OR Y IN
connector.
The 10 ranges, 5 mV/div to 5 V/div, are provided.
In the X-Y display mode, this switch selects the Y axis deflection factor.
69 CH2 OR Y IN connector
For applying an input signal to the CH2 vertical amplifier, or Y-axis
amplifier during X-Y operation.
[ CAUTION ] Do not apply excessive voltage to the connector. The
maximum allowable input voltage is 400 V peak.
6d AC-GND-DC switch (CH2 or Y) |
Selects the method of coupling the input signal applied to the CH2 OR Y IN
connector.
DC: DC coupled.
AC: AC coupled. A capacitor block the DC component.
GND: The amplifier input is grounded, and the CH2 OR Y IN connector is
opened.
@ CAL 0.5 Vp-p Terminal
Outputs probe calibration signal. The frequency is about 1 kHz.
3 В CH2 POSITION control, PULL CH2 INV
Clockwise rotation moves the waveform up.
By pulling this knob, the CH2 waveform is inverted; top of the waveform for
negative, bottom of the waveform for positive. Normally, push this knob in
for normal polarity operation.
3-4
2% V MODE switch
Display mode selector for vertical axis.
CH1: Displays CH1 input signal only. |
To trigger with internal source, set the TRIG SOURCE switch to
CH1.
CH2: Displays CH2 input signal only.
To trigger with internal source, set the TRIG SOURCE switch to
CH2.
CHOP: Switches and displays CH1 and CH2 input signals about 250
kHz rate regardless of the TIME/DIV switch setting. Use this
mode for the TIME/DIV setting of 0.5 ms/div or lower.
ALT: Displays CH1 and CH2 input signals alternately every sweep.
Use this mode for the TIME/DIV setting of 0.5 ms/div or higher.
ADD: Algebraically adds and displays CH1 and CH2 input signals.
When the CH2 POSITION control is pulled out (INV), the
subtracted signal is displayed.
@ AC-GND-DC switch (CH1 or X)
Selects the method of coupling the input signal applied to the CH1 OR X IN
connector.
DC: DC coupled.
AC: AC coupled. A capacitor block the DC component.
GND: The amplifier input is grounded, and the CH1 OR X IN connector is
opened.
3.2.3 Trigger Block
&@ SLOPE +/-, TV POL switch
Selects the positive or negative of the trigger signal for starting sweep.
© LEVEL control
Sets the trigger point on the waveform at which the sweep is triggered.
Counterclockwise rotation towards the trigger point negative; clockwise
rotation towards the trigger point positive. |
69 HOLDOFF control, PULL NORM/PUSH AUTO switch
This knob has following two functions.
HOLDOFF: Adjusts holdoff time (i.e., from the sweep end to sweep
start). Rotating clockwise increases the holdoff time.
Normally, set the knob fully counterclockwise for NORM
position.
NORM/AUTO: Selects the sweep mode.
When the AUTO (knob is pushed in) is selected with no
trigger signal presents, the sweep free runs and trace is
displayed.
When the NORM (knob is pulled out) is selected, trace is
only displayed when trigger signal presents.
69 EXT TRIG INPUT connector
To apply external trigger source.
[ CAUTION ] Do not apply excessive voltage to the connector. The
maximum allowable input voltage is 400 V peak.
6) SOURCE switch
Selects source of trigger signal.
The trigger signal is automatically selected by setting the V MODE switch.
V MODE Trigger Source
CH1 CH1
CH2 CH2
CHOP CHOP signal
ALT CH1, CH2 respectively
ADD CH2
CH1: Selects the CH1 signal for triggering.
CH2: Selects the CH2 signal for triggering.
LINE: Selects the power line signal for triggering.
EXT: Selects the signal applied to the EXT TRIG INPUT connector for
triggering.
8) COUPLING switch
Selects coupling of trigger signal.
AC:
HF-REJ:
DC:
TV-V:
TV-H:
Accepts signal for triggering above 10 Hz. Normally, set the
coupling to AC.
Rejects signal above about 100 kHz. This coupling is useful to
observe low frequency signal with high-frequency components
since it is rejected.
Accepts all trigger signals including DC component. This
coupling is useful to observe below 10 Hz signal.
Accepts vertical sync signal of TV video signal.
Accepts horizontal sync signal of TV video signal.
3-6
3.2.4 Sweep Block
&@ <=> H POSITION control, PULL X10 MAG switch
This knob has following two functions.
H POSITION: Clockwise rotation moves the waveform to the right.
In the X-Y display mode, this knob moves the waveform
horizontally.
X10 MAG: Pulling this switch out magnifies the displayed waveform
10 times horizontally.
6 TIME VARIABLE control
Provides continuously variable between the setting of the TIME/DIV switch.
Counterclockwise rotation reduces sweep speed.
When making time measurements, set this control to the CAL.
2 TIME/DIV switch
Selects the sweep time.
The sweep time is calibrated with respect to the graticule per division.
By selecting the X-Y position, this oscilloscope can be used as a X-Y
oscilloscope (CH1 for X axis, CH2 for Y axis).
3-7
3.3 Rear Panel
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65 CH1 OUTPUT connector
Outputs the signal applied to the CH1 OR X IN connector.
& Z AXIS INPUT connector
Used for intensity modulation.
Positive TTL level reduces display brightness.
{a
4. BASIC OPERATING PROCEDURES
This section describes a basic operating procedure.
4.1 Displaying Trace
This section describes a display procedure of the CAL signal. These settings
can also be used for performance check.
- Procedure
(1) Set the controls as follows.
Display block
ILLUM switch
ROTATION adjustment
FOCUS control
INTEN control
Vertical block
V MODE switch |
CH1, CH2 VOLTS/DIV switches
CH1, CH2 V VARIABLE controls
CH1, CH2 V POSITION controls
CH1, CH2 AC-GND-DC switches
CH1 OR X IN connector
Sweep block
TIME/DIV switch
TIME VARIABLE control
H POSITION control
Trigger block
TRIG SLOPE switch
TRIG LEVEL control
HOLDOFF control
TRIG SOURCE switch
TRIG COUPLING switch
As desired
Center
Center
Center
ALT
0.1V .
CAL, pushed in
Center, pushed in
AC
Apply CAL signal through the X1 probe
0.5 ms
CAL
Center, pushed in
+
Center |
NORM, pushed in
CH1
AC
(2) Connect the power cord to the rated power line voltage.
(3) Press the POWER switch. The pilot lamp lights. The square wave and CH2
trace are displayed about 10 seconds after as shown in Figure 4-1.
(4) Adjust the FOCUS control for optimum trace sharpness. —
(5) If the trace is tilted, adjust ROTATION adjustment using a flat-head
screwdriver so that the trace is paralleled to a horizontal graticule line.
<— CH1 waveform
<— CH2 trace
Figure 4-1
4.2 Using the Low Capacitance Probe
The low capacitance probe with selectable impedance of X1 and X10 is
provided as an accessory.
4.2.1 Appearance and Name
x1, x10 selector Retractable hook tip
VA N
OLX E 1х
\ N
Grip Hook cover
Capacitance compensation trimmer
- — FP
0m Ground clip
BNC connector
Figure 4-2
4.2.2 Probe Adjustment
+ Procedure
(1) Set the switch to X10 position.
(2) Refer to Section "4.1 Displaying Trace" and set the controls.
Set the CH1 and CH2 VOLTS/DIV switches to 10 mV.
(3) Connect the probe to the CH1 OR X IN connector, and connect the probe tip
to the CAL terminal.
4-2
(4) Adjust the trimmer for a best flat-top square wave.
(5) Connect the other probe to the CH2 OR Y IN connector.
Set the TRIG SOURCE switch to CH2. р
Adjust the trimmer for a best flat-top square wave.
Under compensation Correct Over compensation
— — N—
Figure 4-3
4.3 Connecting Signal
There are two methods for connecting a signal to the oscilloscope: direct
connection using a conventional cable (e.g., coaxial cable, wire lead), and low
capacitance probe.
4.3.1 Direct Connection
When using a coaxial cable or wire lead to apply a signal, consider that the
following conditions.
(1) Using a Lead Wire
A wire lead may be used in the following conditions:
signal level is high,
signal frequency is low (<100 kHz), or
source impedance is low.
Using the wire lead under the conditions other than mentioned above may
result improper waveform display since it picks up noise or hum components.
Use shielded cable (e.g., coaxial cable) or low capacitance probe in this
case.
When connecting the wire lead to the oscilloscope, use the LC-1585 BNC
Adapter (optional accessory). |
(2) Using a Coaxial Cable
When a signal source has a coaxial connector, a coaxial cable with
connectors can be used.
When the source impedance is high or signal frequency is above 100 kHz,
waveform distortion or amplitude reduction may occur due to the loading
error.
Use the low capacitance probe in this case.
4-3
4.3.2 Using the Low Capacitance Probe
Use the low capacitance probe with X10 setting to reduce influence by noise or
loading error. The probe is convenient to connect a device under test without
connector.
The probe has two impedance positions, X1 and X10.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Selecting X1 or X10
Slide the switch on the probe to X1 or X10.
Using X10 setting
In the X10 setting, the signal is divided by 10 before being applied to the
oscilloscope. Multiply the displayed amplitude 10 times to obtain correct
value.
Since the probe input capacitance is 20 pF, it greatly reduce a loading
error.
Using X1 setting
In the X1 setting, the probe input capacitance is approximately 200 pF.
Therefore, the loading error may result when measuring high impedance
source or signal frequency of 100 kHz or higher.
Connect the ground clip close to the measurement point.
4-4
4.4 Single-Trace Operation
This section describes the single-trace operation mode. In general, CH1 is
used in this case.
- Procedure
(1) Set the controls as follows.
Refer to Section "4.1 Displaying Trace" and set other controls.
Vertical block
V MODE switch | CH1
CH1 VARIABLE control CAL, pushed in
CH1 VOLTS/DIV switch 5V
CH1 AC-GND-DC switch AC (for AC voltage measurement)
DC (for DC voltage measurement)
Sweep block
TIME VARIABLE control CAL
TIME/DIV switch 1 ms
Trigger block
TRIG SLOPE switch +
TRIG LEVEL control Center
HOLDOFF control NORM, pushed in
TRIG SOURCE switch CH1
TRIG COUPLING switch AC
(2) Position the trace to the horizontal center graticule line by using the V
POSITION control.
(3) Connect the signal to the CH1 OR X IN connector by using the probe or
cable.
(4) Set the CH1 VOLTS/DIV switch to obtain suitable waveform amplitude.
(5) Set TIME/DIV switch to obtain several cycles of waveforms.
Adjust the TRIG LEVEL control as required to display a stable waveform.
Figure 4-4
4-5
4.5 Dual-Trace Operation
The CH1 and CH2 input signals are electrically switched and displayed. This
mode is used to observe amplitude or time relationship between signals.
This section describes the dual-trace operation mode.
- Procedure
(1) Set the controls as follows.
Refer to Section "4.1 Displaying Trace” and set other controls.
(2)
Vertical block
V MODE switch
CH1, CH2 VARIABLE controls
CH1, CH2 VOLTS/DIV switches
CH1, CH2 AC-GND-DC switches
Sweep block
TIME VARIABLE control
TIME/DIV switch
Trigger block
TRIG SLOPE switch
TRIG LEVEL control
HOLDOFF control
TRIG SOURCE switch
TRIG COUPLING switch
Select ALT for higher frequency
Select CHOP for lower frequency
CAL, pushed in
5 V
AC (for AC voltage measurement)
DC (for DC voltage measurement)
CAL
1 ms
+
Center
NORM, pushed in
CH1
AC
When the DC signals are input, position the two traces to the graticule
center by using the CH1 and CH2 V POSITION controls.
When the AC signals are input, position the CH1 waveform 2 divisions
above the graticule center by using CH1 V POSITION control; CH2
waveform 2 division below the graticule center by using CH2 V POSITION
control.
(3) Apply the reference signal to the CH1 OR X IN connector, and signal to be
measured to the CH2 OR Y IN connector. |
Set the CH1 and CH2 VOLTS/DIV and TIME/DIV switches to obtain suitable
(4)
waveform amplitude.
Figure 4-5
4-6
4.6 Triggering for Stable Display
When observing a waveform, triggering is really important to obtain a stable
display. This section describes a triggering procedure to display stable
waveform. Table 4-1 lists the triggering procedure. Refer to Sections "4.6.1
Trigger Mode Selection" through "4.6.4 Trigger Point Setting" for detail.
Table 4-1
Procedure Switch/Control Setting
Trigger Mode Selection PULL NORM/PUSH AUTO | AUTO
(Section 4.6.1) (HOLDOFF contro!) NORM
Trigger Source Selection | SOURCE switch ALT (Internal)
(Section 4.6.2) CH1 (Internal)
CH2 (Internal)
LINE (Line)
EXT (External)
Trigger Coupling Selection | COUPLING switch AC
(Section 4.6.3) HF-REJ
DC
TV-V
TV-H
Trigger Point Setting
(Section 4.6.4)
Trigger Point LEVEL control LEVEL
Trigger Slope SLOPE switch +, —
Holdoff Time HOLDOFF control HOLDOFF
The following control settings can be used to display a simple waveform.
PULL NORM/PUSH AUTO: AUTO
SOURCE: CH1 or CH2
COUPLING: AC
LEVEL: Center
4.6.1 Trigger Mode Selection
(1) AUTO
Push the HOLDOFF knob in.
This mode is used for displaying above 30 Hz.
The sweep free runs in the following conditions:
no signal is applied,
signal frequency is below 30 Hz, or
incorrect trigger setting is made.
(2) NORM
Puli the HOLDOFF knob out.
The sweep occurs when a signal is input, and proper trigger setting is
made.
4-7
4.6.2 Trigger Source Selection
Use the SOURCE switch to select source of trigger signal.
(1) Internal Trigger Source (ALT, CH1, CH2)
Normally, select the internal source for triggering.
Single-trace mode:
Select the CH1 or CH2 corresponding to the vertical input channel.
ALT selects the CH1 or CH2 automatically according to the V MODE switch
setting. |
Dual-trace mode:
Select the CH1 or CH2 corresponding to the vertical input channel used as
a reference.
When synchronous signals (e.g., input and output of a frequency divider)
are applied to the CH1 and CH2 input connectors, select the lower
frequency signal as a reference.
When asynchronous signals are applied to the CH1 and CH2 input
connectors, selected channel signal is only triggered. To trigger both
signals, set the V MODE and SOURCE switches to ALT.
— Select lower frequency
signal for triggering
Figure 4-6
(2) External Trigger Source (EXT)
When using a signal other than internal or line source for triggering, apply
the signal to the EXT TRIG IN connector.
(3) Power Line Trigger (LINE) |
This triggering is useful for observing the signal related to a power line
frequency.
4.6.3 Trigger Coupling Selection
Use COUPLING switch to select coupling of trigger signal.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Conventional Waveform Observation
Select the AC.
Since AC component of the trigger signal is blocked by a capacitor, above
10 Hz signal is triggered. The proper triggering can be made even DC
component on the signal drifts. |
Select the DC to observe below 10 Hz signal.
Displaying Noisy Signal
If displayed waveform is unstable due to noise components on the trigger
signal, select the HF-REJ for a stable display.
Since the trigger signal is low-pass filtered to reject above 100 kHz
components, a stable display can be obtained.
Vertical deflection amplifier
Y Stable display on the screen
— VV
Y
Y
Input signal with
high-frequency noise
Y
Low-pass filter Trigger signal without noise
Figure 4-7
Displaying TV Video Composite Signal
Since the video signal contains both horizontal and vertical sync signals,
triggering is relatively difficult.
In this mode, the horizontal or vertical sync signal is picked up from the video
signal and applied to the trigger circuit for a stable triggering.
Set the COUPLING switch to TV-V for observing the vertical component,
or set the COUPLING switch to TV-H for observing the horizontal component.
Set the SLOPE switch as shown in Figure 4-8.
Positive
polarity
Negative
polarity
Figure 4-8
4-9
46.4 Trigger Point Setting
Setting the trigger point and holdoff time is useful for a stable display.
(1) Trigger Point Setting
Position the trigger point to the stable portion on the waveform by using the
LEVEL control as shown in Figure 4-9.
LEVEL
KA
J ' START
>
LEVEL
Da
_ —
NS > АЛ
Jittering display caused by such | display achieved by selecting
; а Mass int to non-noise portion
noise as parasitic oscillation trigger point to p
with the LEVEL control
Figure 4-9
(2) Slope Selection (SLOPE)
When the SLOPE switch is set to "-", triggering is made at the negative
slope of waveform.
When the SLOPE switch is set to "+", triggering is made at the positive slope
of waveform.
For example, if a square wave has jitter on the trailing edge, set the SLOPE
switch to "+" to obtain a stable display.
Triggered at "+" slope
Falling portion with jittering (4 2222 dali...
pr
| > Triggered at "-“slope
Stable rising portion (+)
Figure 4-10
4-10
(3) Triggering Intermittent Pulse (HOLDOFF)
When observing an intermittent pulse train, the display is triggered in
appearance, however sometimes, the waveform is not triggered. Adjust the
holdoff time (from the sweep end to sweep start) for proper triggering.
¢
Ÿ
Input signal | |
Improper display
‚ A
N Y
Starting undesired pulse Proper display
rigg p |
properly Le 7 FS
T
Extending the quiescent period
appropriately with HOLDOFF contro:
7 7 7 7 For proper display, trigger
the sweep with this pulse
Triggered sweep started
with a pulse other than
desired pulse
A
N
Figure 4-11
4.7 Horizontal Magnification
When the TIME/DIV switch is used to magnify a part of waveform to be
measured, off-screen display may result. In this case, use the horizontal X10
MAG mode to magnify the waveform.
- Procedure
(1) Position the part of waveform to be magnified to the graticule center by
using the H POSITION control.
(2) Pull the H POSITION control out for X10 MAG mode. Thus, the waveform is
magnified 10 times in the horizontal direction with the measurement point
centered.
Note: Normally, set the X10 MAG to off since brightness is reduced.
4-11
5. MEASUREMENT APPLICATIONS
5.1 DC Voltage Measurements
+ Procedure
(1) Refer to Section "4.4 Single-Trace Operation" and set the controls.
The V VARIABLE control should be set to the CAL.
(2) Set the AC-GND-DC switch to GND.
Position the trace to the horizontal center graticule line by using the V
POSITION control.
(3) Set the AC-GND-DC switch to DC.
Read the trace displacement from the center graticule line.
(4) Moving direction of the trace indicates the voltage polarity: upward for
positive and downward for negative.
The voltage can be obtained as follows.
a. When using the cable or probe (X1 setting)
Voltage = VOLTS/DIV setting [V/div] x displacement [div]
b. When using the probe with X10 setting
Voltage = VOLTS/DIV setting [V/div] x displacement [div] x 10
In the X10 MAG setting (V VARIABLE control is pulled out), divide the voltage by
10 to obtain correct value.
Example:
See Figure 5-1. The displacement is +3.0 divisions.
In the following conditions, the voltage is as follows.
VOLTS/DIV switch: 0.2 V
Probe switch: X10
Voltage = 0.2 [V/div] x (+3.0) [div] x 10
= +6.0 [V]
Displacement
+3. Odiv
Position the trace to the horizontal center line
Figure 5-1
5-1
5.2 AC Voltage Measurements
* Procedure
(1) Refer to Section "4.4 Single-Trace Operation" and set the controls.
The V VARIABLE control should be set to the CAL.
(2) Set the AC-GND-DC switch to AC. Position the waveform trough to the
bottommost graticule line by using the V POSITION control.
(3) Position the waveform peak to the vertical center graticule line by using the
H POSITION control.
(4) Read the vertical distance, from the peak to trough.
(5) The peak-to-peak voltage can be obtained as follows.
a. When using the cable or probe (X1 setting)
Peak-to-peak voltage = VOLTS/DIV setting [V/div] x vertical
distance [div]
b. When using the probe with X10 setting
Peak-to-peak voltage = VOLTS/DIV setting [V/div] x vertical
| distance [div] x 10
In the X10 MAG setting (V VARIABLE control is pulled out), divide the voltage by
10 to obtain correct value.
When the input signal is a sine wave, the root-mean-square [rms] voltage can
be obtained as follows.
peak-to-peak voltage
2.83
Root-mean-square voltage =
Example:
See Figure 5-2. The vertical distance is 5.0 divisions.
In the following conditions, the voltage is as follows.
VOLTS/DIV switch: 50 mV
Probe switch: X10
Peak-to-peak voltage = 50 [mV/div] x 5.0 [div] x 10
= 2.5 [Vp-p]
Root-mean-square voltage = Se
= 0.883 [Vrms]
Position the waveform peak to the vertical center line
5. Odiv
Position the waveform trough
to the horizontal line
Figure 5-2
5-2
5. Odiv
5.3 Time Intervai Measurements
+ Procedure
(1) Refer to Section "4.4 Single-Trace Operation" and set the controls.
The TIME VARIABLE control should be set to the CAL.
(2) Display the two measurement points on the waveform as large as possible
in the horizontal direction by using the TIME/DIV switch.
(3) Position the left-end point on the waveform to the leftmost vertical graticule
line by using the H POSITION control.
(4) Position the right-end point on the waveform to the horizontal center
graticule line by using the V POSITION control.
(5) Read the horizontal distance between the two points.
(6) The time interval can be obtained as follows.
Time interval = TIME/DIV setting [s/div] x horizontal distance [div]
In the X10 MAG setting (H POSITION control is pulled out), divide the time by 10
to obtain correct value.
Example:
See Figure 5-3. The horizontal distance is 4.5 divisions.
When the TIME/DIV switch is set to the 0.5 ms, the time interval is as follows.
Time interval = 0.5 [ms/div] x 4.5 [div]
= 2.25 [ms]
Position the right-end point
| 4. 5div on the waveform to be measured
| to the horizontal center line
Position the left-end point
on the waveform to be measured
to the vertical line
Figure 5-3
5.4 Frequency Measurements
The frequency is the reciprocal of the period (one complete cycle of repeating
signal).
* Procedure
(1) Refer to Section "5.3 Time interval Measurements" and read the period.
(2) The frequency can be obtained as follows.
rrequency = 1
period
Example: |
See Figure 5-4. The period is 4.0 divisions.
If the TIME/DIV switch is set to the 0.5 ms/div, the period is as follows.
Period = 0.5 [ms/div] x +4.0 [div]
= 2.0 [ms]
The frequency is as follows.
Frequency = 1 = 1
2.0[ms] 2.0 x 10° [s]
= 500 [Hz]
Figure 5-4
5-4
a
5.5 Pulse Rise Time Measurements
The rise time (fall time) can be obtained by measuring the time interval between
10 % and 90 % of the total pulse amplitude. The 0, 10, 90, and 100 % graticule
lines are provided for measuring the rise time.
- Procedure
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Refer to Section "4.4 Single-Trace Operation" and set the controis.
The TIME VARIABLE control should be set to the CAL.
Adjust the pulse amplitude for 5 divisions by using the VOLTS/DIV switch
and V VARIABLE control.
Position the bottom of pulse to the 0 % graticule line by using the V
POSITION control. The top of pulse should be positioned at the 100 % line.
Magnify the leading edge by using the TIME/DIV switch.
When the leading edge is displayed off-screen, pull the H POSITION control
for X10 MAG setting.
Use the H POSITION control so that the leading edge is positioned at the
intersection of 10 % and vertical graticule lines.
Read the horizontal distance between the 10 % and 90 % points.
Refer to Section "5.3 Time Interval Measurements" to obtain the time
interval. The time interval represents the rise time.
Example:
See Figure 5-5. The horizontal distance between the 10 % and 90 % points is
2.9 divisions.
In the following conditions, the rise time is as follows.
TIME/DIV switch: 2 us/div
X10 MAG: ON
Rise time = 2 [us/div] x 2.9 [div] x 0.1
= 0.58 [us]
2. 9div
Figure 5-5
5-5
When the rise time of a device under test is 50 ns or faster, measurement error
increases caused by the rise time of this oscilloscope.
Calculate the rise time of the device under test using the following formula.
Rise time of device under test = V Ta” - Tr?
where Ta: Rise time displayed
Tr: Rise time of this oscilloscope (17.5 ns)
When the rise time of a device under test is 50 ns or slower, the measurement
error will be 3 % or less.
5.6 Observing Composite Video Signal
Since the composite video signal contains both horizontal and vertical
components, the conventional triggering is difficult to obtain a stable display.
This oscilloscope can easily be triggered to the video signal due to the sync
signal pick-off circuit is provided.
| 1H |
7 || 7
N Vertical sync tip == / |
Horizontal sync tip
Figure 5-6
+ Procedure
(1) Refer to Section "4.4 Single-Trace Operation" and set the controls.
(2) Refer to Table below for setting the TIME/DIV and TRIG COUPLING
switches. Set the SLOPE switch according to the sync signal polarity.
Video Signal Sync Polarity | TIME/DIV| COUPLING | SLOPE
Vertical Component . | Negative 2 ms TV-V —
Positive 2 ms TV-V +
Horizontal Component | Negative 10 ps TV-H —
Positive 10 us TV-H +
SLOPE TV-V TV-H
NM
E |
Figure 5-7
5-6
5.7 Phase Difference Measurements
The phase difference between two signals can be measured by using the dual-
trace or X-Y display method as described below.
5.7.1 Dual-Trace Method
- Procedure
(1) Refer to Section "4.5 Dual-Trace Operation” and set the controls.
(2) Apply the reference signal to the CH1 OR X IN connector, and signal to be
measured to the CH2 OR Y IN connector.
Adjust the waveform amplitude for 4 divisions by using the CH1 and CH?
VOLTS/DIV switches and V VARIABLE controls.
(3) Adjust the one cycle of waveform for 8 divisions display by using the
TIME/DIV switch and TIME VARIABLE control.
By this setting, horizontal 1 division represents a phase of 45°.
(4) Position the waveform to the graticule center by using the CH1 and CH2 V
POSITION controls. |
(5) Read the horizontal distance between the corresponding points on the
horizontal center graticule line. When the distance is short, pull the H
POSITION control for X10 MAG setting.
(6) The phase difference can be obtained as follows.
Phase difference = 45 [*/div] x horizontal distance [div]
In the X10 MAG setting (H POSITION control is pulled out), divide the phase
difference by 10 to obtain correct value.
Example:
See Figure 5-8. The horizontal distance is 0.7 division.
The phase difference is as follows.
Phase difference = 45 [/div] x 0.7 [div]
=315[1
I Input the measurement
A 7 N + e signal for СН2
/ Input the reference
+ + О Je de signal for CH
; + NN 7
— || 0. 7div
Adjust the one cycle for 8 divisions
Figure 5-8
5-7
5.7.2 X-Y Display Method
- Procedure
(1)
Refer to Section "4.5 Dual-Trace Operation" and set the controls.
(2) Set the TIME/DIV switch X-Y.
(3) Apply the reference signal to the CH1 OR X IN connector, and signal to be
(4)
(5)
(6)
measured to the CH2 OR Y IN connector.
Set the CH1 AC-GND-DC switch to AC.
Set the CH2 AC-GND-DC switch to GND.
Adjust the CH1 VOLTS/DIV switch and VARIABLE control for a horizontal
display of 6 divisions.
Position the trace to the horizontal center graticule line by using the H
POSITION control.
Set the CH2 AC-GND-DC switch to AC.
Set the CH1 AC-GND-DC switch to GND.
Adjust the CH2 VOLTS/DIV switch and VARIABLE control for a vertical
display of 6 divisions.
Position the trace to the vertical center graticule line by using the H
POSITION control.
Set the CH1 AC-GND-DC switch to AC. The lissajous pattern is displayed.
Read the vertical distance between the intersections of the lissajous pattern
and the vertical center graticule line.
The phase difference can be obtained as follows.
-1 vertical distance (div)
6 (div)
Phase difference = sin
Example:
See Figure 5-9. The vertical distance is 4 division.
The phase difference is as follows.
Phase difference = sin”! 2191
6 [div]
= 41.8"
Adjust amplitude
L for 6.0 divisions
_
À
À div
Adjust amplitude
for 6.0 divisions
Figure 5-9
5-8
6. MAINTENANCE
6.1 Cleaning
if the CRT surface becomes dirty, remove the filter before cleaning the surface.
To remove the filter, proceed as follows.
See Figure 6-1. Stick a cellophane tape on the filter and slide it downward.
Filter top is came off from the frame, then pull it out.
To install the filter, insert the bottom of filter into the frame and press it in place.
Frame
/
Г CRT filter
n
Ф |
|
1197
|
li
I N
я Stick a cellophane tape
il / on the filter. NN NE ETT TT
m7 Slide it downward until
$ filter top comes off, then
— pull it to the front.
L -
Figure 6-1
If the oscilloscope becomes dirty, wipe it off using a cloth damped with diluted
neutral detergent, then clean the oscilloscope with a dry cloth.
[ CAUTION] Avoid the use of solvents (e.g., benzol, thinner) which may
damage the panels or cabinet surface.
6.2 Periodical Calibration
To maintain the performance of the oscilloscope, yearly calibration is
recommended. Contact your local Leader agent for periodical calibration.
LEADER ELECTRONICS CORP.
2-6-33 Tsunashima-higashi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, JAPAN
PHONE:81-45-541-2123
FAX:81-45-544-1280 TELEX:J47780 JPLEADER
LEADER INSTRUMENTS CORP.
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PHONE:1-561-231-6900
FAX:1-561-231-5295 TELEX:510-227-9669 LEADER HAUP
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Raglan House, 8-24 Stoke Road,
Slough, Berkshire SL2 БАС, ENGLAND
PHONE:44-753-538022
FAX:44-753-538528
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Room 303-304 New East Ocean Centre,
9 Science Museum Road, Tsimshatsui East,
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PHONE:852-2-7212503
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300 Beach Road, # 25-01/02,
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FAX:65-295-4833"
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