Check Point Performance Pack NGX (R60A) Acceleration Software User Guide
Below you will find brief information for Performance Pack NGX (R60A). This software acceleration product significantly enhances the performance of VPN-1 Pro by utilizing Check Point's SecureXL technology and other innovative network acceleration techniques. It delivers wire-speed performance and accelerates crucial security functions including access control, encryption, NAT, accounting, logging, and SmartDefense features. The pack also supports ClusterXL High Availability and Load Sharing, TCP Sequence Verification, and Dynamic VPN.
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Performance Pack
NGX (R60A)
IMPORTANT
Check Point recommends that customers stay up-to-date with the latest service packs and versions of security products, as they contain security enhancements and protection against new and changing attacks.
For additional technical information about Check Point products, consult Check Point’s SecureKnowledge at:
https://secureknowledge.checkpoint.com
See the latest version of this document in the User Center at:
http://www.checkpoint.com/support/technical/documents/docs_R60.html
September 2005
© 2003-2005 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd.
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Table Of Contents
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Appendix A
Introduction to Performance Pack
Getting Started
Performance Pack NGX System Requirements 11
Minimum System Requirements 11
Performance Pack Recommended Platforms 12
Preparing the Performance Pack Machine 13
Network Interface Cards location 13
Command Line
Performance Tuning and Measurement Hints
Amount of Concurrent Connections and Hash Size 19
Index
Table of Contents
7
8
C H A P T E R
1
Introduction to
Performance Pack
In This Chapter
Overview
This document describes how to install and configure Performance Pack. Additionally, it shows you how to get the best possible performance using Performance Pack.
Performance Pack is supported both for SecurePlatform and Solaris platforms.
Performance Pack is a software acceleration product installed as an add-on to VPN-1
Pro. Performance Pack significantly enhances and improves the performance of VPN-1
Pro.
Performance Pack uses Check Point’s SecureXL technology and other innovative network acceleration techniques, to deliver wire-speed performance for VPN-1 Pro.
Moreover, it accelerates key security functions, thereby ensuring your organization the best security with the best performance available on an open platform.
Supported security functions include:
•
Access control.
•
•
Encryption.
NAT.
•
•
•
Accounting and logging.
Connection/session rate.
General security checks.
9
•
•
•
•
•
SmartDefense features.
CIFs resources.
ClusterXL High Availability and Load Sharing.
TCP Sequence Verification.
Dynamic VPN
Release Notes
The latest Release Notes for Performance Pack can be found at:
http://www.checkpoint.com/support/technical/documents/index.html
Release Notes
10
C H A P T E R
2
Getting Started
In This Chapter
Performance Pack NGX System Requirements
Performance Pack Recommended Platforms
Preparing the Performance Pack Machine
Performance Pack NGX System Requirements
Performance Pack accelerates the performance of VPN-1 Pro on Pentium PCs supported by SecurePlatform, on Solaris 8, or Solaris 9 SPARC 64 Bit.
Following are the minimum recommended requirements:
Minimum System Requirements
The following are the minimum system requirements:
TABLE 2-1
Minimum System Requirements
Operating
Systems
CPU
Disk Space
Memory
SecurePlatform NGX (R60A)
Solaris 8, Solaris 9.
Pentium III and above for SecurePlatform NGX (R60A).
SPARC 64 Bits for Solaris.
80 MB.
128 MB.
11
Performance Pack Recommended Platforms
TABLE 2-1
Minimum System Requirements
Network
Interfaces
Network Interfaces supported by VPN-1 Pro on Solaris:
•
•
•
•
•
GEM Ethernet NIC.
10/100 QuadEthernet NIC.
GigaSwift NIC.
Sun HME 10/100 Ethernet NIC.
BGE
Recommended System Options
The following system options are recommended for optimal performance:
TABLE 2-2
Recommended System options
Operating
Systems
CPU
Disk Space
Memory
Network
Interfaces
Bus Technology
SecurePlatform NGX (R60A),
Solaris 8, Solaris 9.
Dual Intel Xeon or Dual SPARC 64 bits
400 MB.
512 MB or more.
SecurePlatform NGX (R60A): Intel Pro 1000 MF/MT.
Solaris: GigaSwift.
At least two 64bit/66Mhz PCI buses, ServerWorks or Intel E7500
Chipset.
Performance Pack Recommended Platforms
The following platforms are recommended for use with Performance Pack:
•
Super Micro SuperServer 6023P-8R Dual Processor.
•
•
Compaq ML530 Dual Processor.
Compaq Proliant Dual Processor.
•
•
•
•
•
IBM 330, 340 & 343 Dual Processor.
Dell precision 530 Dual Processor.
SunBlade 1000.
SunFire V480.
SunFire V210/V240
12
BIOS settings
Please refer to the latest Performance Pack NGX (R60A) release notes for additional information on hardware support, limitations and recommendations.
Preparing the Performance Pack Machine
For optimal performance, appropriate configuration settings are recommended for the following:
•
•
BIOS Settings.
Network Interface Cards.
BIOS settings
•
•
If your BIOS supports CPU clock setting, make sure that the BIOS is set to the actual CPU speed.
If you are running Performance Pack NGX (R60A) on a machine with Intel Xeon
CPUs, consider setting the HyperThreading feature to “ on
”. Using
HyperThreading may improve performance for some scenarios.
Network Interface Cards location
•
•
If you are using a motherboard with multiple PCI or PCI-X buses, make sure that each Network Interface Card is installed in a slot connected to a different bus.
If you are using more than two Network Interface Cards in a system with only two
64bit/66Mhz PCI buses, make sure that the least-used cards are installed in slots connected to the
same
bus.
Note -
Performance Pack is automatically disabled on PPTP and PPPoE interfaces.
Installation
For installation details see the most current online documentation: http://www.checkpoint.com/support/technical/documents/
Chapter 2 Getting Started
13
14
Preparing the Performance Pack Machine
C H A P T E R
3
Command Line
In This Chapter
fwaccel
The fwaccel
utility allows you to enable or disable acceleration dynamically while
VPN-1 Pro is running. The default setting is determined by the setting configured with cpconfig (see cpconfig
on page 14). This setting reverts to the default after reboot.
Usage
fwaccel [on|off|stat|stats|conns|templates]
Parameters
TABLE 3-1
fwaccel parameters
Parameter
on off stat stats
Explanation
Start acceleration.
Stop acceleration.
Display the acceleration device status and the status of the Connection Templates on the local VPN-1 Pro module.
Displays acceleration statistics.
15
cpconfig
TABLE 3-1
fwaccel parameters
Parameter
stats -s conns conns -s templates templates -max_entries templates -s
Explanation
Displays more summarized statistics information.
Displays all connections.
Displays the number of connections currently defined in the accelerator.
Display all connection templates.
Display up to max_entries connection templates.
Display the number of templates currently defined in the accelerator.
cpconfig
Check Point products are configured using the cpconfig
utility. When run, this utility displays a screen with the configuration options. The options that are displayed, depend on the installed configuration and product(s). You can use cpconfig
to enable or disable
Performance Pack. Once you have selected an acceleration setting, the setting remains configured, until you choose to change it on another occasion. In other words, the settings that you define will remain even after the machine is rebooted. For an
alternative method to enable or disable acceleration, see “fwaccel” on page 15.
Usage
Execute cpconfig by entering the following command: cpconfig
An interactive menu will be displayed providing you with the option to enable or disable the acceleration by selecting
Enable/Disable Check Point SecureXL
. Select
Enable
in order to enable acceleration. Select
Disable
in order to disable acceleration.
sim
The sim
utility controls various Performance Pack NGX R60A driver features and applies only for SecurePlatform.
Usage
sim affinity [-a|-s|-l]
16
Parameters
Affinity is a general term for binding Network Interface Card (NIC) interrupts to processors. By default, SecurePlatform does not set Affinity to the NIC interrupts, which means that each NIC is handled by all processors. Optimal network performance is obtained when each NIC is individually bound to a single processor. To achieve the above, the sim
utility includes an Affinity feature, which has the following operation modes:
TABLE 3-2
sim Affinity operation modes
Option Explanation
-a
-s
-l
Automatic Mode
— the Affinity is determined automatically, by analyzing the load on each NIC. If the NICs are not loaded, the Affinity will not be set. This is the default Affinity operation mode, in which the Affinity is re-tuned every 60 seconds.
Manual Mode
— allows you to manually specify the Affinity settings. For each interface, you will be asked to enter one of the following:
• A space-separated list of the processor numbers that are to handle this interface, or
• The word all
, to allow all processors to handle this interface.
When setting the Affinity manually, the periodic automatic check will be disabled. After booting, it will remain disabled and the Affinity settings entered manually will be applied.
View a list of the current Affinity settings.
proc entries
Performance Pack supports SecurePlatform proc
entries. These entries are used to display information about the Performance Pack.
The proc entries are read-only entries. They cannot be configured. The proc entries are located under
/proc/ppk
.
Usage
cat /proc/ppk/[conf|ifs|statistics]
Chapter 3 Command Line
17
proc entries
Parameters
TABLE 3-3
/proc Parameters
Parameter
conf ifs statistics
Explanation
Displays the Performance Pack Configuration.
Lists the interfaces to which Performance Pack is attached.
Displays general Performance Pack statistics.
18
Appendix
A
Performance Tuning and Measurement Hints
In This Appendix
Performance Tuning
SYN Defender
To obtain optimal TCP connection setup rate performance, verify that the SYN
Defender method specified in the SmartDefense is set to
None
(default).
Amount of Concurrent Connections and Hash Size
Setting the Maximal Concurrent Connections
To set the desired number of maximal concurrent connections, open
SmartDashboard’s
Gateway Object Properties
window and proceed as follows:
1
Open the
Capacity Optimization
tab. Make sure that
table size and memory pool
is set to
Automatically
.
Calculate connections hash
2
Set the desired amount of concurrent connections in the
Maximum Concurrent
Connections
field.
Increasing the Number of Concurrent Connections
You can increase the actual number of concurrent connections by reducing the timeout of TCP and UDP sessions:
19
20
•
•
TCP end timeout determines the amount of time a TCP connection will stay in the FireWall connection table after a TCP session has ended.
UDP virtual session timeout determines the amount of time a UDP connection will stay in the FireWall connection table after the last UDP packet was seen by the gateway.
By reducing the above values, the capacity of actual TCP and UDP connections is increased.
Implied Rules
In order to set the optimal connection/sec rate, proceed as follows:
1
2
3
Select
Global Properties
from the
Policy
menu.
Select
FireWall-1
in the
Global Properties
tree.
Uncheck the following options:
• Accept RIP
• Accept Domain Name over UDP (Queries)
• Accept Domain Name over TCP (Zone Transfer)
• Accept ICMP requests
HyperThreading
HyperThreading applies only to SecurePlatform.
HyperThreading is a feature of some Intel processors that enables emulation of two virtual processors by a single physical processor. This feature increases the performance under certain conditions.
Machines with Xeon processors have a BIOS option that may allow enabling or disabling HyperThreading, under the following circumstances:
•
If the number of network interfaces is less than the actual physical number of processors (i.e. two network interfaces and three processors), it is recommended to
enable HyperThreading.
•
•
If the number of network interfaces is equal to or greater than the actual physical number of processors (i.e. two network interfaces and two processors), it is recommended to disable HyperThreading.
If cryptography is used extensively, HyperThreading should be enabled.
Connection Templates
General
Connection templates are generated from active connections according to the policy rules. The connection template feature accelerates the speed at which a connection is established by matching a new connection to a set of attributes. When a new connection matches the template, connections are established without performing a rule match and therefore are accelerated. Connection templates are generated from active connections according to policy rules. Currently, connection template acceleration is performed only on connections with the same destination port.
Examples:
•
A connection from 10.0.0.1/2000 to 11.0.0.1/80 — established through Firewall and then accelerated.
•
•
A connection from 10.0.0.1/2001 to 11.0.0.1/80 — fully accelerated (including connection establishment).
A connection from 10.0.0.1/8000 to 11.0.0.1/80 — fully accelerated (including connection establishment).
HTTP GET requests to specific server will be accelerated since the connection has the same source IP address.
Restrictions
In general, Connections Templates will be created only for plain UDP or TCP connections. The following restrictions apply for Connection Template generation:
Global restrictions:
•
SYN Defender — Connection Templates for TCP connections will not be created.
•
•
NAT connections.
VPN connections.
•
•
•
Complex connections (H323, FTP, SQL).
NetQuotas.
ISN Spoofing.
If the Rule Base contains a rule regarding one of the following component, the
Connection Templates will be disabled for connections matching this rule, and for all of the following rules:
•
•
•
Security Server connections.
Services with source port range.
Time objects in the rules.
Appendix A Performance Tuning and Measurement Hints
21
22
•
•
•
•
Dynamic Objects and/or Domain Objects.
Services of type “other” with a match expression.
User/Client/Session Authentication actions.
Services of type RPC/DCERPC/DCOM.
When installing a policy containing restricted rules, you will receive console messages indicating that Connection Templates will not be created due to the rules that have been defined. The warnings should be used as a recommendation that will assist you to fine-tune your policy in order to optimize performance.
Testing
To verify that connection templates are enabled, use the fwaccel stat
command. To verify that connection templates are generated, use fwaccel templates
. This should be done while traffic is running, in order to obtain a list of currently defined templates.
Delayed Synchronization
The synchronization mechanism guarantees High Availability. In a cluster configuration, if one cluster member fails, the other recognizes the connection failure and takes over, so the user does not experience any connectivity issue. However, there is an overhead per synchronized operation, which can occasionally cause a system slow-down when there are short sessions.
Delayed synchronization is a mechanism based upon the duration of the connection, with the duration itself used to determine whether or not to perform synchronization.
A time range can be defined per service. The time range indicates that connections terminated before a specified expiration time will not be synchronized. As a result, synchronized traffic is reduced and overall performance increases. Delayed
Synchronization is performed only for connections matching a connection template.
Configuration
Currently, delayed synchronization is allowed only for services of type HTTP or None.
In order to configure delayed synchronization, proceed as follows:
1
2
In SmartDashboard, right click on the
Service
tab.
Either edit an existing service or click
New
and select
TCP
. The
TCP service properties
window is shown.
3
4
After defining TCP parameters, click
Advanced
in the
TCP service properties
window. The
Advanced TCP Service Properties
window is shown.
Select the
HTTP
or
None
protocol from the
Protocol Type
list.
5
6
Check
Start synchronizing
.
Define the duration value
Seconds after connection initiation
. The duration value is specified in seconds.
Performance Measurement
TCP State and Benchmarking
Certain testing applications (SmartBits or Chariot) generate invalid TCP sequences.
The VPN-1 Pro module’s TCP state check detects these faulty sequences, and drops the packets. As a result, the benchmark fails. Since these TCP sequences are invalid, they may affect overall Firewall performance.
To disable this type of TCP state check, perform the following operations on the
SmartCenter Server:
1
Select the
Smart Defense
tab in the SmartDashboard.
2
Click the
TCP
object under Network Security.
3
In the
TCP
window, disable
Sequence Verifier
.
4
Install the Policy from SmartDashboard in order to apply the changes
.
Appendix A Performance Tuning and Measurement Hints
23
24
Index
A
C
Concurrent Connections
UDP virtual session timeout 20
Network Interface Cards location 13
M
F
N
H
P
I
Installation
R
S
SIM Affinity
System Requirements
T
U
UDP virtual session timeout 20
X
25
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Key features
Software acceleration for VPN-1 Pro
Utilizes SecureXL technology
Delivers wire-speed performance
Accelerates access control
Enhances encryption performance
Optimizes NAT operations
Accelerates accounting and logging
Supports SmartDefense features
Compatible with ClusterXL for High Availability and Load Sharing
Supports TCP Sequence Verification and Dynamic VPN
Frequently asked questions
To obtain optimal TCP connection setup rate performance, verify that the SYN Defender method specified in SmartDefense is set to None.
You can increase the actual number of concurrent connections by reducing the timeout of TCP and UDP sessions, specifically the TCP end timeout and UDP virtual session timeout.
Connection Templates are generated from active connections based on policy rules. They accelerate the speed at which new connections are established by matching them to existing templates, allowing connections to be established without performing a rule match.
For Intel Xeon CPUs, enable HyperThreading if the number of network interfaces is less than the physical number of processors, or if cryptography is used extensively. Disable it if the number of network interfaces is equal to or greater than the physical number of processors.