GNU Info User Manual

Stand-alone GNU Info
for version 6.4, 21 May 2017
Brian J. Fox
and Texinfo maintainers
This manual is for Stand-alone GNU Info (version 6.4, 21 May 2017), a program for viewing
documents in Info format (usually created from Texinfo source files).
c 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,
Copyright 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual”, and with the Back-Cover
Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
“GNU Free Documentation License” in the Texinfo manual.
(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and modify
this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU
and promoting software freedom.”
This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free Documentation
License. If you want to distribute this document separately from the collection, you can do
so by adding a copy of the license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
i
Table of Contents
1
Stand-alone Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2
Invoking Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3
Moving the Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4
Moving Text Within a Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5
Selecting a Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6
Searching an Info File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7
Index Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8
Selecting Cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.1
8.2
9
Parts of an Xref . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Selecting Xrefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Manipulating Multiple Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.1
9.2
9.3
The Mode Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Window Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
The Echo Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10
Printing Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
11
Miscellaneous Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
12
Manipulating Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
13
Colors and Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
14
Customizing Key Bindings and Variables . . . 33
14.1 infokey format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Appendix A
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1
1 Stand-alone Info
The Info program described here is a stand-alone program, part of the Texinfo distribution,
which is used to view Info files on a text terminal. Info files are typically the result of
processing Texinfo files with the program makeinfo (also in the Texinfo distribution).
Texinfo itself (see Texinfo) is a documentation system that uses a single source file to
produce both on-line information and printed output. You can typeset and print the files
that you read in Info.
GNU Emacs also provides an Info reader (just type M-x info in Emacs). Emacs Info
and stand-alone Info have nearly identical user interfaces, although customization and other
details are different (this manual explains the stand-alone Info reader). The Emacs Info
reader supports the X Window System and other such bitmapped interfaces, not just plain
ASCII, so if you want a prettier display for Info files, you should try it. You can use Emacs
Info without using Emacs for anything else. (Type C-x C-c to exit; this also works in the
stand-alone Info reader.) See Info for a tutorial and more background information about
the Info system, as well as information about the Info reader that is part of GNU Emacs,
Please report bugs in this stand-alone Info program to [email protected]. Bugs in
the Emacs Info reader should be sent to [email protected].
2
2 Invoking Info
GNU Info accepts several options to control the initial node or nodes being viewed, and to
specify which directories to search for Info files. Here is a template showing an invocation
of GNU Info from the shell:
info [option...] [manual] [menu-or-index-item...]
Info will look for an entry called manual in the directory files, which are named dir,
that it finds in its search path. The search is case-insensitive and considers substrings. (If
manual is not given, by default Info displays a composite directory listing, constructed by
combining the dir files.) A basic example:
info coreutils
This looks for an entry labelled coreutils, or Coreutils, etc., and if found, displays
the referenced file (e.g., coreutils.info) at the location given. info coreu will find it
too, if there is no better match.
Another example:
info ls
Assuming the normal dir entry for ls, this will show the ls documentation, which
happens to be within the coreutils manual rather than a separate manual. The dir
entries can point to an any node within a manual, so that users don’t have to be concerned
with the exact structure used by different authors.
If no entry is found in the directories, Info looks for files in its search path with names
based on manual. If manual is not found, Info looks for it with a number of known extensions
of Info files, namely .info, -info, /index, and .inf. For every known extension, if a regular
file is not found, Info looks for a compressed file. Info supports files compressed with gzip,
xz, bzip2, lzip, lzma, compress and yabba programs, assumed to have extensions .z, .gz,
.xz, .bz2, .lz, .lzma, .Z, and .Y respectively.1
You can specify the name of a node to visit with the --node or -n option. Alternatively,
you can specify the file and node together using the same format that occurs in Info crossreferences. These two examples both load the ‘Files’ node within the ‘emacs’ manual:
info emacs -n Files
info ’(emacs)Files’
If you want to load a file without looking in the search path, specify manual either as
an absolute path, or as a path relative to the current directory which contains at least one
slash character. (You can also use the --file option for similar behavior, described below.)
Examples:
info /usr/local/share/info/bash.info
info ./document.info
Info looks for manual only in the explicitly specified directory, and adds that directory to
its search path.
1
On MS-DOS, Info allows for the Info extension, such as .inf, and the short compressed file extensions,
such as .z and .gz, to be merged into a single extension, since DOS doesn’t allow more than a single
dot in the basename of a file. Thus, on MS-DOS, if Info looks for bison, file names like bison.igz and
bison.inz will be found and decompressed by gunzip.
Chapter 2: Invoking Info
3
Info treats any remaining arguments as the names of menu items, or (see below) index
entries. The first argument is a menu item in the ‘Top’ node of the file loaded, the second
argument is a menu item in the first argument’s node, etc. You can move to the node
of your choice by specifying the menu names which describe the path to that node. For
example,
info emacs buffers
info texinfo Overview ’Using Texinfo’
The first example selects the menu item ‘Buffers’ in the node ‘(emacs)Top’. The second
example loads the texinfo file and looks in its top-level menu for a ‘Overview’ item, looks
in the menu of the node referenced, and finally displays the node referenced by the ‘Using
Texinfo’ item.
If there was only one menu-or-index-item argument and it wasn’t found as a menu item,
Info looks for it as an index entry. For example:
info libc printf
This loads the libc Info manual and first looks for printf in the top-level menu as usual;
since it isn’t there (at this writing), it then looks in the indices. If it’s found there (which
it is), the relevant node at the given location is displayed.
A complete list of options follows.
--all
-a
Find all files matching manual. Three usage patterns are supported, as follows.
First, if --all is used together with --where, info prints the names of all
matching files found on standard output (including ‘*manpages*’ if relevant)
and exits.
Second, if --all is used together with --output, the contents of all matched
files are dumped to the specified output file.
Otherwise, an interactive session is initiated. If more than one file matches, a
menu node is displayed listing the matches and allowing you to select one. This
menu node can be brought back at any time by pressing C-x f. If there is only
one match, info starts as usual.
When used with the --index-search option, info displays a menu of matching
index entries (just as the virtual-index command does; see Chapter 7 [Index
Commands], page 17).
The --node option cannot be used together with this option.
--apropos=string
-k string Specify a string to search in every index of every Info file installed on your
system. Info looks up the named string in all the indices it can find, prints the
results to standard output, and then exits. If you are not sure which Info file
explains certain issues, this option is your friend. (If your system has a lot of
Info files installed, searching all of them might take some time!)
You can invoke the apropos command from inside Info; see Chapter 6 [Searching
Commands], page 15.
Chapter 2: Invoking Info
4
--debug=number
-x number Print additional debugging information. The argument specifies the verbosity
level, so a higher level includes all the information from lower levels. For all
available debugging output, use -x -1. Info version 6.4 has these levels:
1
Print information about file handling, such as looking for dir files
and nodes written with ‘--output’.
2
Print operations relating to INFOPATH.
3
Print information about node searching.
Before Info’s full-screen output is initialized, debugging output goes to standard error. After it is initialized, the debugging output is written to the file
infodebug in the current working directory.
--directory directory-path
-d directory-path
Add directory-path to the list of directory paths searched when Info needs to
find a file. You may issue --directory multiple times; once for each directory
which contains Info files, or with a list of such directories separated by a colon
(or semicolon on MS-DOS/MS-Windows).
Directories specified in the environment variable INFOPATH are added to the
directories specified with --directory, if any. The value of INFOPATH is a list
of directories usually separated by a colon; on MS-DOS/MS-Windows systems,
the semicolon is used. If the value of INFOPATH ends with a colon (or semicolon on MS-DOS/MS-Windows), the initial list of directories is constructed
by appending the build-time default to the value of INFOPATH.
If you do not define INFOPATH, Info uses a default path defined when Info was
built as the initial list of directories.
Regardless of whether INFOPATH is defined, the default documentation directory
defined when Info was built is added to the search path. If you do not want
this directory to be included, set the infopath-no-defaults variable to On
(see [infopath-no-defaults], page 28).
If the list of directories contains the element PATH, that element is replaced by a
list of directories derived from the value of the environment variable PATH. Each
path element of the form dir/base is replaced by dir/share/info or dir/info,
provided that directory exists.
--dribble=file
Specify a file where all user keystrokes will be recorded. This file can be used
later to replay the same sequence of commands, see the ‘--restore’ option
below.
--file manual
-f manual Specify a particular manual to visit without looking its name up in any dir
files.
With this option, it starts by trying to visit (manual)Top, i.e., the Top node in
(typically) manual.info. As above, it tries various file extensions to find the
file. If no such file (or node) can be found, Info exits without doing anything.
Chapter 2: Invoking Info
5
As with the dir lookup described above, any extra menu-item arguments are
used to locate a node within the loaded file.
If manual is an absolute file name, or begins with ./ or ../, or contains an
intermediate directory, Info will only look for the file in the directory specified,
and add this directory to INFOPATH. (This is the same as what happens when
--file is not given.)
--help
-h
Output a brief description of the available Info command-line options.
--index-search string
After processing all command-line arguments, go to the index in the selected
Info file and search for index entries which match string. If such an entry is
found, the Info session begins with displaying the node pointed to by the first
matching index entry; press , to step through the rest of the matching entries.
If no such entry exists, print ‘no entries found’ and exit with nonzero status.
This can be used from another program as a way to provide online help, or as
a quick way of starting to read an Info file at a certain node when you don’t
know the exact name of that node.
When used with the --all option, info displays a menu of matching index
entries (just as the virtual-index command does; see Chapter 7 [Index Commands], page 17).
This command can also be invoked from inside Info; see Chapter 6 [Searching
Commands], page 15.
--init-file INIT-FILE
Read key bindings and variable settings from INIT-FILE instead of the
.infokey file in your home directory. See Chapter 14 [Custom Key Bindings],
page 33.
--node nodename
-n nodename
Specify a particular node to visit in the initial file that Info loads. You may
specify --node multiple times: for an interactive Info, each nodename is visited
in its own window; for a non-interactive Info (such as when --output is given)
each nodename is processed sequentially.
You can specify both the file and node to the --node option using the usual
Info syntax, but don’t forget to escape the open and close parentheses and
whitespace from the shell; for example:
info --node "(emacs)Buffers"
--output file
-o file
Direct output to file. Each node that Info visits will be output to file instead
of interactively viewed. A value of - for file means standard output.
--no-raw-escapes
--raw-escapes, -R
By default, Info passes SGR terminal control sequences (also known as ANSI
escape sequences) found in documents directly through to the terminal. If
Chapter 2: Invoking Info
6
you use the --no-raw-escapes options, these sequences are displayed as other
control characters are; for example, an ESC byte is displayed as ‘^[’. The --rawescapes and -R options do not do anything, but are included for completeness.
Some versions of Groff (see Groff ) produce man pages with ANSI escape sequences for bold, italics, and underlined characters, and for colorized text. If
your man command uses a version of Groff that does this (original GNU Groff
does), and your terminal supports these sequences, Info will display any bold
or underlined text in man pages. Some distributions have modified Groff to
require setting the GROFF_SGR environment variable to get these sequences. See
Section “Invoking grotty” in Groff .
--restore=dribble-file
Read keystrokes from dribble-file, presumably recorded during previous Info session (see the description of the ‘--dribble’ option above). When the keystrokes
in the files are all read, Info reverts its input to the usual interactive operation.
--show-malformed-multibytes
--no-show-malformed-multibytes
Show malformed multibyte sequences in the output. By default, such sequences
are dropped.
--show-options
--usage
-O
Tell Info to look for the node that describes how to invoke the program and
its command-line options, and begin the session by displaying that node. It
is provided to make it easier to find the most important usage information in
a manual without navigating through menu hierarchies. The effect is similar
to the M-x goto-invocation command (see [goto-invocation], page 13) from
inside Info.
--speech-friendly
-b
On MS-DOS/MS-Windows only, this option causes Info to use standard file
I/O functions for screen writes. (By default, Info uses direct writes to the video
memory on these systems, for faster operation and colored display support.)
This allows the speech synthesizers used by blind persons to catch the output
and convert it to audible speech.
--strict-node-location
This option causes Info not to search “nearby” to locate nodes, and instead
strictly use the information provided in the Info file. The practical use for this
option is for debugging programs that write Info files, to check that they are
outputting the correct locations. Due to bugs and malfeasances in the various
Info writing programs over the years and versions, it is not advisable to ever
use this option when just trying to read documentation.
--subnodes
This option only has meaning when given in conjunction with --output. It
means to recursively output the nodes appearing in the menus of each node
being output. Menu items which resolve to external Info files are not output,
and neither are menu items which are members of an index. Each node is only
output once.
Chapter 2: Invoking Info
7
-v name=value
--variable=name=value
Set the info variable name to value. See Chapter 12 [Variables], page 27.
--version
Prints the version information of Info and exits.
--vi-keys
This option binds functions to keys differently, to emulate the key bindings of vi
and Less. The bindings activated by this option are documented in Section 14.1
[infokey format], page 33. (See Chapter 14 [Custom Key Bindings], page 33,
for a more general way of altering GNU Info’s key bindings.)
--where
--location
-w
Show the filename that would be read and exit, instead of actually reading it
and starting Info.
Finally, Info defines many default key bindings and variables. See Chapter 14 [Custom
Key Bindings], page 33, for information on how to customize these settings.
8
3 Moving the Cursor
GNU Info has several commands which allow you to move the cursor about the screen. The
notation used in this manual to describe keystrokes is the same as the notation used within
the Emacs manual (see Section “User Input” in The GNU Emacs Manual). C-x means
press the CTRL key and the key x. M-x means press the META key and the key x. On many
terminals the META key is known as the ALT key. SPC is the space bar. The other keys are
usually called by the names imprinted on them.
The following table lists the basic cursor movement commands in Info. Each entry
consists of the key sequence you should type to execute the cursor movement, the M-x1
command name (displayed in parentheses), and a short description of what the command
does. All of the cursor motion commands can take a numeric argument (see Chapter 11
[Miscellaneous Commands], page 25, to find out how to supply them). With a numeric
argument, the motion commands are simply executed that many times; for example, a
numeric argument of 4 given to next-line causes the cursor to move down 4 lines. With
a negative numeric argument, the motion is reversed; an argument of −4 given to the
next-line command would cause the cursor to move up 4 lines.
C-n (next-line)
DOWN (an arrow key)
Move the cursor down to the next line.
C-p (prev-line)
UP (an arrow key)
Move the cursor up to the previous line.
C-a (beginning-of-line)
Home (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor to the start of the current line.
C-e (end-of-line)
End (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor to the end of the current line.
C-f (forward-char)
RIGHT (an arrow key)
Move the cursor forward a character.
C-b (backward-char)
LEFT (an arrow key)
Move the cursor backward a character.
M-f (forward-word)
C-RIGHT (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor forward a word.
M-b (backward-word)
C-LEFT (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor backward a word.
1
M-x is also a command; it invokes execute-extended-command, letting you run a command by name. See
Section “Executing an extended command” in The GNU Emacs Manual, for more detailed information.
9
M-< (beginning-of-node)
C-Home (on DOS/Windows only)
b
Move the cursor to the start of the current node.
M-> (end-of-node)
C-End (on DOS/Windows only)
e
Move the cursor to the end of the current node.
M-r (move-to-window-line)
Move the cursor to a specific line of the window. Without a numeric argument,
M-r moves the cursor to the start of the line in the center of the window. With
a numeric argument of n, M-r moves the cursor to the start of the nth line in
the window.
10
4 Moving Text Within a Window
Sometimes you are looking at a screenful of text, and only part of the current paragraph
you are reading is visible on the screen. The commands detailed in this section are used to
shift which part of the current node is visible on the screen.
SPC (scroll-forward)
NEXT
Shift the text in this window up. That is, show more of the node which is
currently below the bottom of the window. With a numeric argument, show
that many more lines at the bottom of the window; a numeric argument of 4
would shift all of the text in the window up 4 lines (discarding the top 4 lines),
and show you four new lines at the bottom of the window. Without a numeric
argument, SPC takes the bottom two lines of the window and places them at
the top of the window, redisplaying almost a completely new screenful of lines.
If you are at the end of a node, SPC takes you to the “next” node, so that you
can read an entire manual from start to finish by repeating SPC.
The NEXT key is known as the PageDown key on some keyboards.
C-v (scroll-forward-page-only)
Shift the text in this window up. This is identical to the SPC operation above,
except that it never scrolls beyond the end of the current node.
M-x scroll-forward-page-only-set-window
Scroll forward, like with C-v, but if a numeric argument is specified, it becomes
the default scroll size for subsequent scroll-forward and scroll-backward
commands and their ilk.
DEL (scroll-backward)
PREVIOUS Shift the text in this window down. The inverse of scroll-forward. If you are
at the start of a node, DEL takes you to the “previous” node, so that you can read
an entire manual from finish to start by repeating DEL. The default scroll size
can be changed by invoking the (scroll-backward-page-only-set-window)
command with a numeric argument.
If your keyboard lacks the DEL key, look for a key called BS, or ‘Backspace’,
sometimes designated with an arrow which points to the left, which should
perform the same function.
The PREVIOUS key is the PageUp key on many keyboards. Emacs refers to it by
the name PRIOR.
M-v (scroll-backward-page-only)
Shift the text in this window down. The inverse of scroll-forward-pageonly. Does not scroll beyond the start of the current node. The default scroll
size can be changed by invoking the scroll-backward-page-only-set-window
command with a numeric argument.
M-x scroll-backward-page-only-set-window
Scroll backward, like with M-v, but if a numeric argument is specified, it becomes
the default scroll size for subsequent scroll-forward and scroll-backward
commands.
Chapter 4: Moving Text Within a Window
11
M-x down-line
Scroll forward by one line. With a numeric argument, scroll forward that many
lines.
M-x up-line
Scroll backward one line. With a numeric argument, scroll backward that many
lines.
M-x scroll-half-screen-down
Scroll forward by half of the screen size. With a numeric argument, scroll that
many lines. If an argument is specified, it becomes the new default number
of lines to scroll for subsequent scroll-half-screen-down and scroll-halfscreen-up commands.
M-x scroll-half-screen-up
Scroll back by half of the screen size. With a numeric argument, scroll that
many lines. If an argument is specified, it becomes the new default number
of lines to scroll for subsequent scroll-half-screen-down and scroll-halfscreen-up commands.
The scroll-forward and scroll-backward commands can also move forward and backward through the node structure of the file. If you press SPC while viewing the end of a
node, or DEL while viewing the beginning of a node, what happens is controlled by the
variable scroll-behavior (see [scroll-behavior], page 29).
The scroll-forward-page-only and scroll-backward-page-only commands never
scroll beyond the current node.
C-l (redraw-display)
Redraw the display from scratch, or shift the line containing the cursor to a
specified location. With no numeric argument, ‘C-l’ clears the screen, and then
redraws its entire contents. Given a numeric argument of n, the line containing
the cursor is shifted so that it is on the nth line of the window.
C-x w (toggle-wrap)
Toggles the state of line wrapping in the current window. Normally, lines which
are longer than the screen width wrap, i.e., they are continued on the next line.
Lines which wrap have a ‘\’ appearing in the rightmost column of the screen.
You can cause such lines to be terminated at the rightmost column by changing
the state of line wrapping in the window with C-x w. When a line which needs
more space than one screen width to display is displayed, a ‘$’ appears in the
rightmost column of the screen, and the remainder of the line is invisible. When
long lines are truncated, the mode line displays the ‘$’ character near its left
edge.
12
5 Selecting a Node
This section details the numerous Info commands which select a new node to view in the
current window.
The most basic node commands are ‘n’, ‘p’, ‘u’, and ‘l’.
When you are viewing a node, the top line of the node contains some Info pointers which
describe where the next, previous, and up nodes are. Info uses this line to move about the
node structure of the file when you use the following commands:
n (next-node)
C-NEXT (on DOS/Windows only)
Select the ‘Next’ node.
The NEXT key is known as the PgDn key on some keyboards.
p (prev-node)
C-PREVIOUS (on DOS/Windows only)
Select the ‘Prev’ node.
The PREVIOUS key is known as the PgUp key on some keyboards.
u (up-node)
C-UP (an arrow key on DOS/Windows only)
Select the ‘Up’ node.
You can easily select a node that you have already viewed in this window by using the ‘l’
command—this name stands for “last”, and actually moves backwards through the history
of visited nodes for this window. This is handy when you followed a reference to another
node, possibly to read about a related issue, and would like then to resume reading at the
same place where you started the excursion.
Each node where you press ‘l’ is discarded from the history. Thus, by the time you get
to the first node you visited in a window, the entire history of that window is discarded.
l (history-node)
C-CENTER (on DOS/Windows only)
Pop the most recently selected node in this window from the node history.
Two additional commands make it easy to select the most commonly selected nodes;
they are ‘t’ and ‘d’.
t (top-node)
Select the node ‘Top’ in the current Info file.
d (dir-node)
Select the directory node (i.e., the node ‘(dir)’).
Here are some other commands which immediately result in the selection of a different
node in the current window:
< (first-node)
Selects the first node which appears in this file. This node is most often ‘Top’,
but it does not have to be. With a numeric argument N, select the N th node
(the first node is node 1). An argument of zero is the same as the argument of
1.
Chapter 5: Selecting a Node
13
> (last-node)
Select the last node which appears in this file. With a numeric argument N,
select the N th node (the first node is node 1). An argument of zero is the same
as no argument, i.e., it selects the last node.
] (global-next-node)
Move forward through the node structure. If the node that you are currently
viewing has a menu, select the first menu item. Otherwise, if this node has a
‘Next’ pointer, follow it. If there is no menu and no ‘Next’ pointer, then follow
‘Up’ pointers until there is a ‘Next’ pointer, and then follow it.
[ (global-prev-node)
Move backward through the node structure. If the node that you are currently
viewing has a ‘Prev’ pointer, that node is selected. Otherwise, if the node has
an ‘Up’ pointer, that node is selected, and if it has a menu, the last item in the
menu is selected.
You can get the same behavior as global-next-node and global-prev-node while
simply scrolling through the file with SPC and DEL (see [scroll-behavior], page 29).
g (goto-node)
Read the name of a node and select it. If the desired node resides in some other
file, you must type the node as it appears in that Info file, and include the name
of the other file. For example,
g(emacs)Buffers
finds the node ‘Buffers’ in the Info file emacs.
While reading the node name, completion (see Section 9.3 [The Echo Area],
page 21) is only done for the nodes which reside in one of the Info files that
were loaded in the current Info session.
O (goto-invocation)
Read the name of a program and look for a node in the current Info file which
describes the invocation and the command-line options for that program. The
default program name is derived from the name of the current Info file. This
command does the same as the ‘--show-options’ command-line option (see
[–show-options], page 6), but it also allows to specify the program name; this
is important for those manuals which describe several programs.
If you need to find the Invocation node of a program that is documented in
another Info file, you need to visit that file before invoking ‘I’. For example, if
you are reading the Emacs manual and want to see the command-line options
of the makeinfo program, type g (texinfo) RET and then I makeinfo RET.
If you don’t know what Info file documents the command, or if invoking ‘I’
doesn’t display the right node, go to the ‘(dir)’ node (using the ‘d’ command)
and invoke ‘I’ from there.
G (menu-sequence)
Read a sequence of menu entries and follow it. Info prompts for a sequence of
menu items separated by commas. (Since commas are not allowed in a node
name, they are a natural choice for a delimiter in a list of menu items.) Info
Chapter 5: Selecting a Node
14
then looks up the first item in the menu of the node ‘(dir)’ (if the ‘(dir)’
node cannot be found, Info uses ‘Top’). If such an entry is found, Info goes to
the node it points to and looks up the second item in the menu of that node,
etc. In other words, you can specify a complete path which descends through
the menu hierarchy of a particular Info file starting at the ‘(dir)’ node. This
has the same effect as if you typed the menu item sequence on Info’s command
line, see [Info command-line arguments processing], page 2. For example,
G Texinfo,Overview,Reporting Bugs RET
displays the node ‘Reporting Bugs’ in the Texinfo manual. (You don’t actually
need to type the menu items in their full length, or in their exact letter-case.
However, if you do type the menu items exactly, Info will find it faster.)
If any of the menu items you type are not found, Info stops at the last entry it
did find and reports an error.
C-x C-f (view-file)
Read the name of a file and selects the entire file. The command
C-x C-f filename
is equivalent to typing
g(filename)*
C-x C-b (list-visited-nodes)
Make a window containing a menu of all of the currently visited nodes. This
window becomes the selected window, and you may use the standard Info commands within it.
C-x b (select-visited-node)
Select a node which has been previously visited in a visible window. This is
similar to ‘C-x C-b’ followed by ‘m’, but no window is created.
M-x man
Read the name of a man page to load and display. This uses the man command
on your system to retrieve the contents of the requested man page. See also see
[–raw-escapes], page 5.
15
6 Searching an Info File
GNU Info allows you to search for a sequence of characters throughout an entire Info file.
Here are the commands to do this:
s (search)
/
Read a string in the echo area and search for it, either as a regular expression
(by default) or a literal string. If the string includes upper-case characters, the
Info file is searched case-sensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With
a numeric argument of N, search for N th occurrence of the string. Negative
arguments search backwards.
? (search-backward)
Read a string in the echo area and search backward through the Info file for that
string. If the string includes upper-case characters, the Info file is searched casesensitively; otherwise Info ignores the letter case. With a numeric argument of
N, search for N th occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search forward.
C-x n (search-next)
}
Search forwards for the string used for the last search command. Case sensitivity and use of regular expressions are kept the same. With a numeric argument
of n, search for nth next occurrence.
By default, the search starts at the position immediately following the cursor.
However, if the variable search-skip-screen (see Chapter 12 [search-skipscreen], page 27) is set, it starts at the beginning of the next page, thereby
skipping all visibly displayed lines.
C-x N (search-previous)
{
Just like search-next, but in reverse. You can use search-next and
search-previous together to move forward and backward through matches.
search-previous usually goes to the place in the file that was displayed
before an immediately preceding search-next, and vice versa.1
R (toggle-regexp)
Toggle between using regular expressions and literal strings for searching. Info
uses so-called ‘extended’ regular expression syntax (see Section “Regular Expressions” in GNU Grep).
S (search-case-sensitively)
Read a string in the echo area and search for it case-sensitively, even if the
string includes only lower-case letters. With a numeric argument of N, search
for N th occurrence of the string. Negative arguments search backwards.
C-s (isearch-forward)
Interactively search forward through the Info file for a string as you type it. If
the string includes upper-case characters, the search is case-sensitive; otherwise
Info ignores the letter case.
1
This sometimes doesn’t happen when search-skip-screen is On, and the search goes across nodes.
Chapter 6: Searching an Info File
16
C-r (isearch-backward)
Interactively search backward through the Info file for a string as you type it. If
the string includes upper-case characters, the search is case-sensitive; otherwise
Info ignores the letter case.
M-/ (tree-search)
Recursively search this node and any subnodes listed in menus for a string.
M-} (tree-search-next)
M-{ (tree-search-previous)
Go forwards and backwards through the matches for an active tree search.
The most basic searching command is ‘s’ or ‘/’ (search). The ‘s’ command prompts
you for a string in the echo area, and then searches the remainder of the Info file for an
occurrence of that string. If the string is found, the node containing it is selected, and the
cursor is left positioned at the start of the found string. Subsequent ‘s’ commands show you
the default search string; pressing RET instead of typing a new string will use the default
search string.
Incremental searching is similar to basic searching, but the string is looked up while you
are typing it, instead of waiting until the entire search string has been specified.
The tree search can be used from the dir node to search through all Info files installed
on the system. It can also be used to search through a particular chapter of a manual when
you are not interested in matches in other chapters.
If the highlight-searches variable is set, matches from search commands will be highlighted. See Chapter 12 [highlight-searches], page 27. Use the M-x clear-search command to clear any search highlights.
Both incremental and non-incremental search by default ignore the case of letters when
comparing the Info file text with the search string. However, an uppercase letter in the
search string makes the search case-sensitive. You can force a case-sensitive non-incremental
search, even for a string that includes only lower-case letters, by using the ‘S’ command
(search-case-sensitively). The ‘n’ and ‘N’ commands operate case-sensitively if the last
search command was ‘S’.
Normally, the search pattern should not be shorter than some predefined limit. By default, this limit is set to 1 character. See [min-search-length], page 29, for more information
on this.
17
7 Index Commands
GNU Info has commands to search through the indices of an Info file, which helps you find
areas within an Info file which discuss a particular topic.
i (index-search)
Look up a string in the indices for this Info file, and select a node to which the
found index entry points.
I (virtual-index)
Look up a string in the indices for this Info file, and show all the matches in a
new virtual node, synthesized on the fly.
, (next-index-match)
Move to the node containing the next matching index item from the last ‘i’
command.
M-x index-apropos
Grovel the indices of all the known Info files on your system for a string, and
build a menu of the possible matches.
The most efficient means of finding something quickly in a manual is the ‘i’ command
(index-search). This command prompts for a string, and then looks for that string in all
the indices of the current Info manual. If it finds a matching index entry, it displays the
node to which that entry refers and prints the full text of the entry in the echo area. You
can press ‘,’ (next-index-match) to find more matches. A good Info manual has all of its
important concepts indexed, so the ‘i’ command lets you use a manual as a reference.
If you don’t know what manual documents something, try the M-x index-apropos command. It prompts for a string and then looks up that string in all the indices of all the Info
documents installed on your system. It can also be invoked from the command line; see
[–apropos], page 3.
18
8 Selecting Cross-references
We have already discussed the ‘Next’, ‘Prev’, and ‘Up’ pointers which appear at the top of
a node. In addition to these pointers, a node may contain other pointers which refer you to
a different node, perhaps in another Info file. Such pointers are called cross-references, or
xrefs for short.
8.1 Parts of an Xref
Cross-references have two major parts: the first part is called the label; it is the name that
you can use to refer to the cross reference, and the second is the target; it is the full name
of the node that the cross-reference points to.
The target is separated from the label by a colon ‘:’; first the label appears, and then the
target. For example, in the sample menu cross-reference below, the single colon separates
the label from the target.
* Foo Label: Foo Target.
More information about Foo.
Note the ‘.’ which ends the name of the target. The ‘.’ is not part of the target; it
serves only to let Info know where the target name ends.
A shorthand way of specifying references allows two adjacent colons to stand for a target
name which is the same as the label name:
* Foo Commands::
Commands pertaining to Foo.
In the above example, the name of the target is the same as the name of the label, in
this case Foo Commands.
You will normally see two types of cross-reference while viewing nodes: menu references,
and note references. Menu references appear within a node’s menu; they begin with a ‘*’ at
the beginning of a line, and continue with a label, a target, and a comment which describes
what the contents of the node pointed to contains.
Note references appear within the body of the node text; they begin with *Note, and
continue with a label and a target.
Like ‘Next’, ‘Prev’, and ‘Up’ pointers, cross-references can point to any valid node. They
are used to refer you to a place where more detailed information can be found on a particular
subject. Here is a cross-reference which points to a node within the Texinfo documentation:
See Section “Writing an Xref” in the Texinfo Manual, for more information on creating
your own texinfo cross references.
8.2 Selecting Xrefs
The following table lists the Info commands which operate on menu items.
1 (menu-digit)
2 ... 9
M-1, vi-like operation
M-2 . . . M-9, vi-like operation
Within an Info window, pressing a single digit, (such as ‘1’), selects that menu
item, and places its node in the current window. For convenience, there is
one exception; pressing ‘0’ selects the last item in the node’s menu. When
Chapter 8: Selecting Cross-references
19
‘--vi-keys’ is in effect, digits set the numeric argument, so these commands
are remapped to their ‘M-’ varieties. For example, to select the last menu item,
press M-0.
0 (last-menu-item)
M-0, vi-like operation
Select the last item in the current node’s menu.
m (menu-item)
Reads the name of a menu item in the echo area and selects its node. Completion is available while reading the menu label. See Section 9.3 [The Echo Area],
page 21.
M-x find-menu
Move the cursor to the start of this node’s menu.
This table lists the Info commands which operate on cross-references.
f (xref-item)
r
Reads the name of a note cross-reference in the echo area and selects its node.
Completion is available while reading the cross-reference label. See Section 9.3
[The Echo Area], page 21.
Finally, the next few commands operate on menu or note references alike:
TAB (move-to-next-xref)
Move the cursor to the start of the next nearest menu item or note reference
in this node. You can then use RET (select-reference-this-line) to select
the menu or note reference.
M-TAB (move-to-prev-xref)
BackTab
Shift-TAB (on DOS/Windows only)
Move the cursor the start of the nearest previous menu item or note reference
in this node.
The BackTab key can be produced on some terminals with Shift-TAB.
RET (select-reference-this-line)
Select the menu item or note reference appearing on this line.
20
9 Manipulating Multiple Windows
A window is a place to show the text of a node. Windows have a view area where the
text of the node is displayed, and an associated mode line, which briefly describes the node
being viewed.
GNU Info supports multiple windows appearing in a single screen; each window is separated from the next by its mode line. At any time, there is only one active window, that
is, the window in which the cursor appears. There are commands available for creating
windows, changing the size of windows, selecting which window is active, and for deleting
windows.
9.1 The Mode Line
A mode line is a line of inverse video which appears at the bottom of an Info window. It
describes the contents of the window just above it; this information includes the name of
the file and node appearing in that window, the number of screen lines it takes to display
the node, and the percentage of text that is above the top of the window.
Here is a sample mode line for a window containing a file named dir, showing the node
‘Top’.
-----Info: (dir)Top, 40 lines --Top------------------------------------^^
^
^^^
^^
(file)Node #lines
where
Truncation of long lines (as opposed to wrapping them to the next display line, see
Chapter 4 [Scrolling Commands], page 10) is indicated by a ‘$’ at the left edge of the mode
line:
--$--Info: (texinfo)Top, 480 lines --Top-------------------------------When Info makes a node internally, such that there is no corresponding info file on disk,
the name of the node is surrounded by asterisks (‘*’). The name itself tells you what the
contents of the window are; the sample mode line below shows an internally constructed
node showing possible completions:
-----Info: *Completions*, 7 lines --All---------------------------------
9.2 Window Commands
It can be convenient to view more than one node at a time. To allow this, Info can display
more than one window. Each window has its own mode line (see Section 9.1 [The Mode
Line], page 20) and history of nodes viewed in that window (see Chapter 5 [history-node],
page 12).
C-x o (next-window)
Select the next window on the screen. Note that the echo area can only be
selected if it is already in use, and you have left it temporarily. Normally, ‘C-x o’
simply moves the cursor into the next window on the screen, or if you are already
within the last window, into the first window on the screen. Given a numeric
argument, ‘C-x o’ moves over that many windows. A negative argument causes
‘C-x o’ to select the previous window on the screen.
Chapter 9: Manipulating Multiple Windows
21
M-x prev-window
Select the previous window on the screen. This is identical to ‘C-x o’ with a
negative argument.
C-x 2 (split-window)
Split the current window into two windows, both showing the same node. Each
window is one half the size of the original window, and the cursor remains
in the original window. The variable automatic-tiling can cause all of the
windows on the screen to be resized for you automatically (see Chapter 12
[automatic-tiling], page 27).
C-x 0 (delete-window)
Delete the current window from the screen. If you have made too many windows
and your screen appears cluttered, this is the way to get rid of some of them.
C-x 1 (keep-one-window)
Delete all of the windows excepting the current one.
ESC C-v (scroll-other-window)
Scroll the other window, in the same fashion that ‘C-v’ might scroll the current
window. Given a negative argument, scroll the “other” window backward.
C-x ^ (grow-window)
Grow (or shrink) the current window. Given a numeric argument, grow the
current window that many lines; with a negative numeric argument, shrink the
window instead.
C-x t (tile-windows)
Divide the available screen space among all of the visible windows. Each window is given an equal portion of the screen in which to display its contents.
The variable automatic-tiling can cause tile-windows to be called when a
window is created or deleted. See Chapter 12 [automatic-tiling], page 27.
9.3 The Echo Area
The echo area is a one line window which appears at the bottom of the screen. It is used
to display informative or error messages, and to read lines of input from you when that
is necessary. Almost all of the commands available in the echo area are identical to their
Emacs counterparts, so please refer to that documentation for greater depth of discussion
on the concepts of editing a line of text. The following table briefly lists the commands that
are available while input is being read in the echo area:
C-f (echo-area-forward)
RIGHT (an arrow key)
Move forward a character.
C-b (echo-area-backward)
LEFT (an arrow key)
Move backward a character.
C-a (echo-area-beg-of-line)
Move to the start of the input line.
Chapter 9: Manipulating Multiple Windows
22
C-e (echo-area-end-of-line)
Move to the end of the input line.
M-f (echo-area-forward-word)
C-RIGHT (DOS/Windows only)
Move forward a word.
On DOS/Windows, C-RIGHT moves forward by words.
M-b (echo-area-backward-word)
C-LEFT (DOS/Windows only)
Move backward a word.
On DOS/Windows, C-LEFT moves backward by words.
C-d (echo-area-delete)
Delete the character under the cursor.
DEL (echo-area-rubout)
Delete the character behind the cursor.
On some keyboards, this key is designated BS, for ‘Backspace’. Those keyboards will usually bind DEL in the echo area to echo-area-delete.
C-g (echo-area-abort)
Cancel or quit the current operation. If completion is being read, this command
discards the text of the input line which does not match any completion. If the
input line is empty, it aborts the calling function.
RET (echo-area-newline)
Accept (or forces completion of) the current input line.
C-q (echo-area-quoted-insert)
Insert the next character verbatim. This is how you can insert control characters
into a search string, for example, or the ‘?’ character when Info prompts with
completion.
printing character (echo-area-insert)
Insert the character. Characters that have their 8th bit set, and not bound to
‘M-’ commands, are also inserted verbatim; this is useful for terminals which
support Latin scripts.
M-TAB (echo-area-tab-insert)
Shift-TAB (on DOS/Windows only)
Insert a TAB character.
On DOS/Windows only, the Shift-TAB key is an alias for M-TAB. This key is
sometimes called ‘BackTab’.
C-t (echo-area-transpose-chars)
Transpose the characters at the cursor.
The next group of commands deal with killing, and yanking text. (Sometimes these
operations are called cut and paste, respectively.) For an in-depth discussion, see Section
“Killing and Deleting” in the GNU Emacs Manual.
M-d (echo-area-kill-word)
Kill the word following the cursor.
23
M-DEL (echo-area-backward-kill-word)
M-BS
Kill the word preceding the cursor.
On some keyboards, the ‘Backspace’ key is used instead of DEL, so M-Backspace
has the same effect as M-DEL.
C-k (echo-area-kill-line)
Kill the text from the cursor to the end of the line.
C-x DEL (echo-area-backward-kill-line)
Kill the text from the cursor to the beginning of the line.
C-y (echo-area-yank)
Yank back the contents of the last kill.
M-y (echo-area-yank-pop)
Yank back a previous kill, removing the last yanked text first.
Sometimes when reading input in the echo area, the command that needed input will
only accept one of a list of several choices. The choices represent the possible completions,
and you must respond with one of them. Since there are a limited number of responses you
can make, Info allows you to abbreviate what you type, only typing as much of the response
as is necessary to uniquely identify it. In addition, you can request Info to fill in as much
of the response as is possible; this is called completion.
The following commands are available when completing in the echo area:
TAB (echo-area-complete)
SPC
Insert as much of a completion as is possible.
? (echo-area-possible-completions)
Display a window containing a list of the possible completions of what you have
typed so far. For example, if the available choices are:
bar
foliate
food
forget
and you have typed an ‘f’, followed by ‘?’, Info will pop up a window showing
a node called ‘*Completions*’ which lists the possible completions like this:
3 completions:
foliate
food
forget
i.e., all of the choices which begin with ‘f’. Pressing SPC or TAB would result
in ‘fo’ appearing in the echo area, since all of the choices which begin with
‘f’ continue with ‘o’. Now, typing ‘l’ followed by ‘TAB’ results in ‘foliate’
appearing in the echo area, since that is the only choice which begins with
‘fol’.
ESC C-v (echo-area-scroll-completions-window)
Scroll the completions window, if that is visible, or the “other” window if not.
24
10 Printing Nodes
In general, we recommend that you use TEX to format the document and print sections
of it, by running tex on the Texinfo source file. However, you may wish to print out the
contents of a node as a quick reference document for later use, or if you don’t have TEX
installed. Info provides you with a command for doing this.
M-x print-node
Pipe the contents of the current node through the command in the environment
variable INFO_PRINT_COMMAND. If the variable does not exist, the node is simply
piped to lpr (on DOS/Windows, the default is to print the node to the local
printer device, PRN).
The value of INFO_PRINT_COMMAND may begin with the ‘>’ character, as in
‘>/dev/printer’, in which case Info treats the rest as the name of a file or a
device. Instead of piping to a command, Info opens the file, writes the node
contents, and closes the file, under the assumption that text written to that file
will be printed by the underlying OS.
25
11 Miscellaneous Commands
GNU Info contains several commands which self-document GNU Info:
M-x describe-command
Read the name of an Info command in the echo area and then display a brief
description of what that command does.
M-x describe-key
Read a key sequence in the echo area, and then display the name and documentation of the Info command that the key sequence invokes.
M-x describe-variable
Read the name of a variable in the echo area and then display a brief description
of what the variable affects.
M-x where-is
Read the name of an Info command in the echo area, and then display a key
sequence which can be typed in order to invoke that command.
H (get-help-window)
F1 (on DOS/Windows only)
Create (or Move into) the window displaying *Help*, and place a node containing a quick reference card into it. This window displays the most concise
information about GNU Info available.
h (get-info-help-node)
Try hard to visit the node (info)Help. The Info file info.texi distributed
with GNU Emacs contains this node. Of course, the file must first be processed
with makeinfo, and then placed into the location of your Info directory.
= (display-file-info)
Show information about what’s currently being viewed in the echo area: the
Info file name, and current line number and percentage within the current node.
M-x info-version
Display the name and version of the currently running Info program.
Here are the commands for creating a numeric argument:
C-u (universal-argument)
Start (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument. ‘C-u’ is a good way
to give a small numeric argument to cursor movement or scrolling commands;
‘C-u C-v’ scrolls the screen 4 lines, while ‘C-u C-u C-n’ moves the cursor down
16 lines. ‘C-u’ followed by digit keys sets the numeric argument to the number
thus typed: C-u 1 2 0 sets the argument to 120.
Chapter 11: Miscellaneous Commands
26
M-1 (add-digit-to-numeric-arg)
1, vi-like operation
M-2 . . . M-9
2 . . . 9, vi-like operation
M-0
0, vi-like operation
Add the digit value of the invoking key to the current numeric argument. Once
Info is reading a numeric argument, you may just type the digits of the argument, without the Meta prefix. For example, you might give ‘C-l’ a numeric
argument of 32 by typing:
C-u 3 2 C-l
or
M-3 2 C-l
M-- (add-digit-to-numeric-arg)
To make a negative argument, type -. Typing - alone makes a negative argument with a value of −1. If you continue to type digit or Meta-digit keys after
-, the result is a negative number produced by those digits.
- doesn’t work when you type in the echo area, because you need to be able to
insert the ‘-’ character itself; use M-- instead, if you need to specify negative
arguments in the echo area.
C-g is used to abort the reading of a multi-character key sequence, to cancel lengthy
operations (such as multi-file searches) and to cancel reading input in the echo area.
C-g (abort-key)
Cancel current operation.
The ‘q’ command of Info simply quits running Info.
q (quit)
C-x C-c
Exit GNU Info.
If the operating system tells GNU Info that the screen is 60 lines tall, and it is actually
only 40 lines tall, here is a way to tell Info that the operating system is correct.
M-x set-screen-height
Read a height value in the echo area and set the height of the displayed screen
to that value.
On MS-DOS/MS-Windows, this command actually tries to change the dimensions of the
visible screen to the value you type in the echo area.
Finally, Info provides a convenient way to display footnotes which might be associated
with the current node that you are viewing:
ESC C-f (show-footnotes)
Show the footnotes (if any) associated with the current node in another window.
You can have Info automatically display the footnotes associated with a node
when the node is selected by setting the variable automatic-footnotes. See
Chapter 12 [automatic-footnotes], page 27.
27
12 Manipulating Variables
GNU Info uses several internal variables whose values are looked at by various Info commands. You can change the values of these variables, and thus change the behavior of Info,
if desired.
There are three ways to set the value of a variable, listed here in order of precedence:
1. interactively, using the set-variable command described below;
2. on the command line, using the -v (--variable) command line option (see [variableassignment], page 6);
3. in the #var section of the .infokey file (see Chapter 14 [Custom Key Bindings],
page 33).
M-x set-variable
Read the name of a variable, and the value for it, in the echo area and then set
the variable to that value. Completion is available when reading the variable
name (see Section 9.3 [The Echo Area], page 21); completion is also available
when reading the value when that makes sense.
M-x describe-variable
Read the name of a variable in the echo area and display its value and a brief
description.
Here is a list of the variables that you can set in Info.
automatic-footnotes
When set to On, footnotes appear and disappear automatically; else, they appear at the bottom of the node text. This variable is Off by default. When a
node is selected, a window containing the footnotes which appear in that node
is created, and the footnotes are displayed within the new window. The window that Info creates to contain the footnotes is called *Footnotes*. If a node
is selected which contains no footnotes, and a *Footnotes* window is on the
screen, the *Footnotes* window is deleted. Footnote windows created in this
fashion are not automatically tiled so that they can use as little of the display
as is possible.
automatic-tiling
When set to On, creating or deleting a window resizes other windows. This
variable is Off by default. Normally, typing ‘C-x 2’ divides the current window
into two equal parts. When automatic-tiling is set to On, all of the windows are resized automatically, keeping an equal number of lines visible in each
window. Any *Completions* and *Footnotes* windows are exceptions to the
automatic tiling; they retain their original size.
cursor-movement-scrolls
When set to On, when cursor movement commands reach the top or bottom of a
node, another node is loaded depending on the value of scroll-behaviour (see
below). This is the default. When this variable is set to Off, cursor movements
stop at the top or bottom of a node.
Chapter 12: Manipulating Variables
28
errors-ring-bell
When set to On (the default), errors cause the bell to ring.
follow-strategy
When set to remain (the default), Info tries to remain within the directory
containing the currently displayed Info file when following a cross-reference to
an external manual, before looking for the referenced manual in the search
path. The alternative value is path, which means to look through the search
path right away.
remain is intended to be useful for several Texinfo manuals that all reference
each other and whose versions should match each other. (For example, various
manuals relating to a particular version of Emacs.)
The alternative behaviour, with path, may be useful when your Info file search
path parallels your command shell’s search path, and you always want to find
documentation of the version of the program that the shell would execute.
gc-compressed-files
When set to On, Info garbage collects files which had to be uncompressed. The
default value of this variable is Off. Whenever a node is visited in Info, the
Info file containing that node is read into memory, and Info reads information
about the tags and nodes contained in that file. Once the tags information
is read by Info, it is never forgotten. However, the actual text of the nodes
does not need to be retained unless a particular Info window needs it. For
non-compressed files, node text is not remembered when it is no longer in use.
But de-compressing a file can be a time-consuming operation, and so Info tries
hard not to do it twice. This variable tells Info it is okay to garbage collect the
text of the nodes of a file which was compressed on disk.
hide-note-references
By default, Info displays the contents of Info files mostly verbatim, including
text that is used by Info readers for navigation (for example, marking the
location of menus or cross-references). If you set this variable to On, some
of this text is hidden, in a similar way to the Info-hide-note-references
variable in Emacs (see Section “Emacs Info Variables” in Info).
highlight-searches
When set to On, highlight matches from searching commands (see Chapter 6
[Searching Commands], page 15).
infopath-no-defaults
Used in conjunction with the INFOPATH environment variable (see [INFOPATH],
page 4). When set to On, the default documentation directory defined when Info
was built (e.g., /usr/share/info) is not added to the search path for Info files.
ISO-Latin
The default is On, which means that Info accepts and displays characters represented by bytes with values 128 and above, such as characters in the UTF-8
encoding or in various 8-bit ISO Latin characters, as well as allowing you to
input such characters.
Chapter 12: Manipulating Variables
29
The only reason to set this variable to Off would be if your terminal set the
eighth bit of a byte to represent the Meta key being pressed.
key-time
Length of time in milliseconds to wait for the next byte of a byte sequence
generated by a key (or key chord) on the keyboard. For example, if the down
key generates the byte sequence ESC O B, and the two bytes ESC O have been
received, then a B byte would have to be received within this length of time for
a key press of down to be registered. You may wish to set this variable to a
larger value for slow terminals or network connections.
If you set this variable to 0, it’s unspecified whether a recognized byte sequence
representing a key takes precedence over another recognized sequence representing a key that is an initial subsequence of the first sequence. In some cases, you
may be able to make pressing a special key on the keyboard that Info doesn’t
know about (for example, a function key) cause a command to be executed
by setting this variable to 0, and giving the byte sequence the key sends in
.infokey. (See Chapter 14 [Custom Key Bindings], page 33.)
min-search-length
Minimum length of a search string (default 1). Attempts to initiate a search
for a string (or regular expression) shorter than this value, result in an error.
mouse
What method to use to get input from a mouse device. The default value is
‘Off’. Set this variable to normal-tracking to make Info use “normal tracking
mode” if it detects that the terminal supports it. This enables you to scroll the
contents of the active window with a mouse scrollwheel.
On terminal emulators running under the X Window System, such as xterm,
you can usually select text with the mouse. However, mouse tracking mode
may interfere with this. When this happens, you may be able to select text by
holding down the Shift key while clicking and dragging.
nodeline
How to print the node header line that appears at the top of each node. By
default only the pointers to neighbouring nodes are displayed (the “Next”,
“Prev”, and “Up” pointers): this corresponds to the pointers value for this
variable. To print the entire line, set nodeline to the value print, which will
include the filename and name of the node. To not display the header line at
all, use the value no.
scroll-behavior
scroll-behaviour
The two variable names are synonymous. Control what happens when scrolling
commands are used at the end or beginning of a node (see Chapter 4 [Scrolling
Commands], page 10). The default value for this variable is Continuous. Possible values:
Continuous
Try to get the first item in this node’s menu, or failing that, the
‘Next’ node, or failing that, the ‘Next’ of the ‘Up’ node. This behavior is identical to using the ‘]’ (global-next-node) and ‘[’
(global-prev-node) commands.
Next Only Only try to get the ‘Next’ node.
Chapter 12: Manipulating Variables
30
Page Only Just stop, changing nothing. With this value, no scrolling command
can change the node that is being viewed.
This variable also affects cursor movement commands (see Chapter 3 [Cursor
Commands], page 8) unless the cursor-movement-scrolls variable is set to
Off. See [cursor-movement-scrolls], page 27.
scroll-last-node
Control what happens when a scrolling command is issued at the end of the
last node. Possible values are:
Stop
Do not scroll. Display the ‘No more nodes within this document’
message. This is the default.
Top
Go to the top node of the document.
This variable is in effect only if scroll-behaviour is set to Continuous.
scroll-step
The number of lines to scroll to bring the cursor back into the window. The
default value of this variable is 1, which causes a kind of “smooth scrolling”
which some people prefer. Scrolling happens automatically if the cursor has
moved out of the visible portion of the node text.
If the variable scroll-step is 0, the cursor (and the text it is attached to) is
placed in the centre of the window.
search-skip-screen
Set the starting point of repeated searches (see [repeated-search], page 15).
When set to Off (the default), repeated searches start at the position immediately following (when searching in forward direction), or immediately preceding
(when searching backwards) the cursor. When set to On, repeated searches omit
lines visibly displayed on the screen. In other words, forward searches (}) start
at the beginning of the next page, and backward searches ({) start at the end
of the previous page.
show-index-match
When set to On (the default), the portion of the matched search string that
you typed is indicated (by displaying it in the “opposite” case) in the result
message (see Chapter 6 [next-index-match], page 15).
visible-bell
When set to On, Info attempts to flash the screen instead of ringing the bell.
This variable is Off by default. If the terminal does not allow flashing, this
variable has no effect. (But you can still make Info perform quietly by setting
the errors-ring-bell variable to Off; or using an external command to mute
the bell, e.g., xset b 0 0 0.)
31
13 Colors and Styles
You can choose to highlight parts of Info’s display, such as cross-references and search
matches, using a variety of styles, including colors, boldface and underline. Here are the
variables that are available to do this:
link-style
Used for cross-references and menu entries.
active-link-style
Used for a cross-references or menu entry when typing RET would have the effect
of following said cross-reference or menu entry.
match-style
Used for matches from a search command. (See Chapter 6 [Searching Commands], page 15.)
Each of these is given in the .infokey file just as the variables in the previous chapter.
Their values are a comma-separated list of values in the following table:
black
red
green
yellow
blue
magenta
cyan
white
Use the color specified for text.
nocolour
nocolor
Turn off any color that was in effect, using the terminal’s default color.
bgblack
bgred
bggreen
bgyellow
bgblue
bgmagenta
bgcyan
bgwhite
Use the color specified for the background.
bgnocolour
bgnocolor
Use the terminal’s default background color.
underline
nounderline
Turn text underline on or off.
standout
nostandout
Turn ‘standout mode’ on or off. Standout mode entails the use of appearance
modes that make text stand out, and varies between terminals.
32
bold
regular
nobold
Turn boldface on or off.
blink
noblink
Make the text blink, or not.
Here is an sample excerpt from an .infokey file:
#var
link-style=yellow
active-link-style=yellow,bold
match-style=underline,bold,nocolour
With this, cross-references are all yellow, and active cross-references are additionally displayed in bold. Any search matches will be shown in bold, and underlined. Moreover, if
there is a search match inside a cross-reference, the ‘nocolour’ rendition style will cancel
the yellow colour, leaving the text in the match the terminal’s default colour. (Note, however, that the rendition styles for active cross-references take priority over those for search
matches, so search matches there will still be displayed in yellow.)
33
14 Customizing Key Bindings and Variables
Info allows you to override the default key-to-command bindings and variable settings described in this document. (The --vi-keys option rebinds many keys at once; see [–vi-keys],
page 7.)
On startup, GNU Info looks for a configuration file in the invoker’s HOME directory called
.infokey, i.e., ~/.infokey.1 If it is present, then Info adopts the key bindings and variable
settings contained therein. To use an alternative configuration file, use the --init-file
option (see [–init-file], page 5).
Variables may also be set on the command line with the --variable option (see [variableassignment], page 6). Variable settings on the command line override settings from the
.infokey file.
14.1 infokey format
Here is an example .infokey file which specifies the key bindings that are activated by the
--vi-keys option to Info (see [–vi-keys], page 7).
#info
g
first-node
G
last-node
\mb
beginning-of-node
\me
end-of-node
j
next-line
k
prev-line
1
f
^f
\m\
z
scroll-forward-page-only
scroll-forward-page-only
scroll-forward-page-only
scroll-forward-page-only-set-window
b
^b
w
scroll-backward-page-only
scroll-backward-page-only
scroll-backward-page-only-set-window
\kd
^e
^j
^m
\ku
^y
^k
down-line
down-line
down-line
down-line
up-line
up-line
up-line
d
^d
scroll-half-screen-down
scroll-half-screen-down
Due to the limitations of DOS filesystems, the MS-DOS version of Info looks for a file _infokey instead.
If the HOME variable is not defined, Info additionally looks in the current directory.
Chapter 14: Customizing Key Bindings and Variables
u
^u
scroll-half-screen-up
scroll-half-screen-up
^xn
^xp
^xu
’
\mt
\md
next-node
prev-node
up-node
last-node
top-node
dir-node
^xg
I
goto-node
goto-invocation-node
n
N
search-next
search-previous
\mf
^xr
xref-item
xref-item
\mg
^x^j
^x^m
select-reference-this-line
select-reference-this-line
select-reference-this-line
^c
abort-key
\mh
get-info-help-node
:q
ZZ
quit
quit
34
#echo-area
\mh
echo-area-backward
\ml
echo-area-forward
\m0
echo-area-beg-of-line
\m$
echo-area-end-of-line
\mw
echo-area-forward-word
\mx
echo-area-delete
\mu
echo-area-abort
^v
echo-area-quoted-insert
\mX
echo-area-kill-word
The file consists of one or more sections. Each section starts with a line that identifies
the type of section. The possible sections are:
#info
Key bindings for Info windows. The start of this section is indicated by a line
containing just #info by itself. If this is the first section in the source file, the
#info line can be omitted. The rest of this section consists of lines of the form:
string whitespace action [ whitespace [ # comment ] ] newline
Chapter 14: Customizing Key Bindings and Variables
35
Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs. Comment is any
sequence of any characters, excluding newline. string is the key sequence which
invokes the action. action is the name of an Info command. The characters in
string are interpreted literally or prefixed by a caret (^) to indicate a control
character. A backslash followed by certain characters specifies input keystrokes
as follows:
\b
Backspace
\e
Escape (ESC)
\n
Newline
\r
Return
\t
Tab
\ku
Up arrow
\kd
Down arrow
\kl
Left arrow
\kr
Right arrow
\kU
Page Up
\kD
Page Down
\kh
HOME
\ke
END
\kx
Delete (DEL)
\mx
Meta-x where x is any character as described above.
Backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is to be
taken literally. Characters which must be preceded by a backslash include
caret, space, tab, and backslash itself.
#echo-area
Key bindings for the echo area. The start of this section is indicated by a line
containing just #echo-area by itself. The rest of this section has a syntax
identical to that for the key definitions for the Info area, described above.
#var
Variable initializations. The start of this section is indicated by a line containing
just #var by itself. Following this line is a list of variable assignments, one per
line. Each line consists of a variable name (see Chapter 12 [Variables], page 27)
followed by = followed by a value. There may be no white space between the
variable name and the =, and all characters following the =, including white
space, are included in the value.
Blank lines and lines starting with # are ignored, except for the special section header
lines.
Key bindings defined in the .infokey file take precedence over GNU Info’s default key
bindings, whether or not ‘--vi-keys’ is used. A default key binding may be disabled by
36
overriding it in the .infokey file with the action invalid. In addition, all default key
bindings can be disabled by adding this line anywhere in the relevant section:
#stop
This will cause GNU Info to ignore all the default key commands for that section.
Beware: #stop can be dangerous. Since it disables all default key bindings, you must
supply enough new key bindings to enable all necessary actions. Failure to bind any key to
the quit command, for example, can lead to frustration.
The order in which key bindings are defined in the .infokey file is not important, except
that the command summary produced by the get-help-window command only displays the
first key that is bound to each command.
37
Appendix A Index
*
>
*Footnotes* window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
,
?
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
?, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
?, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
–
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
--all (-a) command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
--apropos (-k) command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
--debug (-x) command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
--directory (-d) command line option . . . . . . . . . . 4
--dribble command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
--file (-f) command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
--help (-h) command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
--index-search command line option . . . . . . . . . . . 5
--init-file command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
--node (-n) command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
--output (-o) command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
--raw-escapes (-R) command line option . . . . . . . 5
--restore command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
--show-malformed-multibytes
command line option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
--show-options (--usage, -O)
command line option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
--speech-friendly (-b) command line option . . . 6
--strict-node-location
command line option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
--subnodes, command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
--variable (-v) command line option . . . . . . . . . . . 7
--version command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
--vi-keys command line option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
--where (--location, -w)
command line option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
.
[
[ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
]
] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
_info file (MS-DOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
{
{ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
}
} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
0
0 ... 9, vi-like operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
0, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1
1 . . . 9, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
.infokey format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
/
/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
<
< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
=
=, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A
abort-key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
absolute Info file names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
active-link-style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
add-digit-to-numeric-arg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ANSI escape sequences in documents . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Apropos, in Info files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
arguments, command line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
arguments, negative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
automatic-footnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
automatic-tiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Appendix A: Index
B
b, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
BackTab, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
BackTab, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
backward-char . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
backward-word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
beginning-of-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
beginning-of-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Blinking text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Bold text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
BS (backspace) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
bugs, reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
C
C-a, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C-a, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C-b, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C-b, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C-CENTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C-d, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C-e, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C-e, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C-End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
C-f, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C-f, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C-g, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
C-g, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C-h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
C-Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
C-k, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
C-l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
C-LEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C-LEFT, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C-n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C-NEXT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C-p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C-PgDn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C-PgUp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C-PREVIOUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C-q, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C-r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
C-RIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C-RIGHT, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C-s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C-t, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C-u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
C-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C-v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
C-w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
C-x ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C-x 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C-x 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C-x 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C-x b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
C-x C-b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
C-x C-c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
C-x C-f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
38
C-x DEL, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
C-x n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C-x N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C-x o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
C-x t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C-y, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
cancelling the current operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
cancelling typeahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
case-sensitive search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
case-sensitivity, and search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
clear-search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
colors in documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Coloured background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Coloured foreground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
command line options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
command-line options, how to find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
commands, describing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
compressed Info files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
current file, information about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
cursor, moving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
cursor-movement-scrolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
customizing key bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
D
d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
debugging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
default key bindings, overriding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
DEL, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
DEL, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
delete-window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
describe-command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
describe-key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
describe-variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
dir-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
directory path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
display-file-info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
down-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
DOWN (an arrow key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
E
e, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
echo-area-abort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
echo-area-backward-kill-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
echo-area-backward-kill-word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
echo-area-backward-word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-beg-of-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
echo-area-complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
echo-area-delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-end-of-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
echo-area-forward-word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-kill-line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Appendix A: Index
echo-area-kill-word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-newline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-possible-completions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
echo-area-quoted-insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-rubout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-scroll-completions-window . . . . . . . 23
echo-area-tab-insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-transpose-chars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
echo-area-yank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
echo-area-yank-pop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Emacs Info reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
end-of-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
end-of-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
errors-ring-bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ESC C-f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ESC C-v, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
ESC C-v, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
F
f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
file names, relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
file, outputting to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
files, compressed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
find-menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
finding the Invocation node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
first-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
follow-strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
footnotes window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
footnotes, displaying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
format of .infokey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
forward-char . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
forward-word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
functions, describing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
G
g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
gc-compressed-files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
get-help-window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
get-info-help-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
global-next-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
global-prev-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
goto-invocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
goto-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
GROFF_SGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
grow-window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
H
h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
hide-note-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
highlight-searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 28
history-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
39
I
i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
incremental search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
index search, selecting from the command line . . . 5
index, searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
index, virtual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
index-apropos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
index-search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Info files, compressed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Info files, reading in Emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Info files, relative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Info files, searching all indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Info manual location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Info manual, specifying initial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Info, invoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
info-version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
INFO_PRINT_COMMAND, environment variable . . . . . 24
infodebug output file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
infokey format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
infokey, program for
customizing key bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
infopath-no-defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
INFOPATH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
initial node, specifying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
invocation description, how to find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
invoking Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
isearch-backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
isearch-forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ISO Latin characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ISO-Latin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
K
keep-one-window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
key bindings, customizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
key-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
keys, describing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
keystrokes, recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
L
l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
last-menu-item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
last-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
LEFT (an arrow key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
LEFT, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Less-like key bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
link-style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
list-visited-nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
local printer device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Appendix A: Index
40
M
O
m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
M-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
M-< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
M-> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
M-0 ... M-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
M-0, vi-like operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
M-1 . . . M-9, vi-like operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
M-b, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
M-b, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
M-BS, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
M-d, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
M-DEL, in the echo area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
M-f, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
M-f, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
M-r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
M-TAB, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
M-TAB, in the echo area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
M-v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
M-y, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
malformed multibyte sequences, showing . . . . . . . . 6
man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
man pages, bold and underline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
man pages, displaying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
match-style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
menu, following . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
menu, following, from inside Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
menu-digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
menu-item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
menu-sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Meta key sets eighth bit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
min-search-length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
move-to-next-xref . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
move-to-prev-xref . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
move-to-window-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
moving the cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
online help, using Info as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
options, command line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
outputting to a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
overriding default key bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
N
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
negative arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
next-index-match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
next-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
next-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
next-window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
NEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
node header line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
node, selecting from the command line . . . . . . . . . . 5
nodeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
nodes, selection of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
numeric arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
numeric arguments, negative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
P
p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PageDown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
PageUp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
prev-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
prev-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
prev-window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
PREVIOUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
print-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
printing characters, in the echo area . . . . . . . 22
printing nodes to the local printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Q
q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
quitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
R
r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
redraw-display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
regular expression search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
relative Info file names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
remembering user keystrokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
repeated search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
replaying recorded keystrokes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
RET, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
RET, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
RIGHT (an arrow key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
RIGHT, in the echo area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
S
s ..............................................
screen, changing the height of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-backward-page-only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-backward-page-only-set-window . . . . . .
scroll-behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-forward-page-only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-forward-page-only-set-window . . . . . . .
scroll-half-screen-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-half-screen-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
scroll-last-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
26
10
10
10
29
29
10
10
10
11
11
30
Appendix A: Index
scroll-other-window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
scroll-step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
scrolling through node structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
search, and case-sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
search, case-sensitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
search-backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
search-case-sensitively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
search-next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
search-previous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
search-skip-screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Searching all indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
searching, in the indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
select-reference-this-line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
select-visited-node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Selecting text with the mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
set-screen-height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
set-variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Shift-TAB, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Shift-TAB, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
show-footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
show-index-match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
slow network connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
SPC, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SPC, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
speech synthesizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
split-window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
startup node, specifying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
T
t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
TAB, in Info windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
TAB, in the echo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
tile-windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
tiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
toggle-regexp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
41
toggle-wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
top-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tree-search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tree-search-next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tree-search-previous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
12
16
16
16
U
u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Underlined text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
universal-argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
up-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
up-node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
UP (an arrow key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
V
variable assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
variables, describing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
variables, setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
version information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
vi-like key bindings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
view-file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
virtual-index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
visible-bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
W
Where is an Info manual? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
where-is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
windows, creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
windows, deleting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
windows, manipulating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
windows, selecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
X
xref-item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
xterm mouse selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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