Trimble 1.20 Mines software Help
Annonce
Annonce
Table of Contents
i
Table of Contents
ii
Introduction Mines
Introduction
Welcome to the Mines software version 1.20 Help.
This help system makes it easy to find the information you need to effectively use the full power and capabilities of the Mines software.
For information that extends or updates this Help, refer to the Trimble Access Release Notes. Alternatively, visit the Trimble website (www.trimble.com) or contact your local Trimble dealer.
Contents
From the Trimble Access menu tap Mines to:
•
Manage your jobs
♦
a new job
♦
♦
the current job
♦
♦
♦
Review and edit the
♦
Import ASCII files into the current job
•
Measure
♦
points
♦
♦
♦
♦
•
Stakeout
♦
♦
•
Auto Stakeout
♦
♦
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Legal Notices
©2009, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. For full trademark and other legal information, refer to the Trimble Access Help.
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Interacting With Other Applications
You can run more than one application at a time and easily switch between them. For example, you can switch between functions in Roads, Tunnels, Mines, and General Survey.
To run more than one application at a time, use the Trimble button or Trimble icon in the top left corner of the screen to open the Trimble Access menu. From there, you can run the other application.
To switch between applications:
•
Tap Switch to and then select the required function from the list. If the Switch to button is not on your
• curent screen, press CTRL W to open the Switch to pop-up list.
Press CTRL TAB. This is the keyboard shortcut to scroll through the current list of Switch to
• functions.
Tap Favourites or press CTRL A to select a preconfigured favorite.
•
On a TSC2 controller, configure the [Left App] button and [Right App] button for the functions you want to run. This method opens an application even if that application is not running.
For more information, see Trimble Access Buttons.
2
Job Operations
Jobs
A job can contain several different surveys. Select a job before you measure any points or make any calculations.
Jobs can be saved in your data folder, or in a project folder below your data folder.
Jobs that are defined in one Trimble Access application, for example, General Survey can be used in another application, for example, Roads.
To create a new job:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / New job.
2. Enter a name for the new job.
3. Tap to create a new folder or select an existing folder.
4. Tap the Coord. sys. button and choose a coordinate system for the job. Tap Next.
5. Configure the coordinate system settings required for the job and tap Store.
6. Tap the
button to specify the units and various other settings for the job. Tap Accept.
7. Tap the
Linked files
button to select a linked file(s) for the job. Tap Accept.
8. Tap the
Active map
button to select an active map file(s) for the job. Tap Accept.
9. Tap the
Feature library
button to associate a feature library with the job. Tap Accept.
10. Tap the
button to set the cogo settings for the job. Tap Accept.
11. Optionally, tap the Page down button to enter Reference, Description and Operator details, and any
Notes.
12. Tap Accept to save the job.
A new job adopts the system settings from the last used job.
To open a job:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Open job.
2. Tap to expand a folder and display the files within the folder.
3. Tap the job name, or highlight the job name and tap OK.
The job name appears in the title area of the main menu.
To delete a job:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Open job.
2. Tap to expand a folder and display the files within the folder.
If the job you want to delete is not highlighted, use the arrow keys to highlight it, or tap and hold it with the stylus.
Note - If you tap with the stylus without holding, the job that you highlight opens automatically.
3
3. Tap to delete the file.
4. Tap Yes to confirm deletion, or No to cancel.
Note - When you delete a job, associated files (for example, *.t02, *.tsf *.jpg) are not automatically deleted.
Tip - You can also use [Fn+ Del] on the TSC2 controller or [Ctrl + Del] on the Trimble CU to delete jobs from the File / Open dialog.
To copy a job:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Open job.
2. Highlight the name of the job to be copied and tap .
3. Browse and highlight the folder to paste the file into and tap .
Tip - You can also use Windows/File Explorer to copy, rename, or delete a file.
Note - When you copy a job to another folder, associated files (for example, *.t02, *.tsf *.jpg) are not automatically copied.
To create a new job with all the defaults (including Coordinate System settings) from another job:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Open job.
2. Tap to select the folder, if required.
3. Select and open the job that contains the settings to use as the defaults for the new job.
Note - To use the settings in the current job as defaults for the new job, omit steps 1 and 2. New jobs always use the settings from the previous job as defaults.
4. From the main menu, tap Jobs / New job.
5. Enter a name for the new job.
6. Tap the appropriate button to change job settings as required.
7. To save the job, tap Accept.
Properties of Job
Use this menu to configure settings for the current job.
For more information, see:
Coordinate system
Linked files
Active map files
Feature library
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Descriptions
Each button displays the current settings. When you create a new job, settings from the previous job are used as the defaults. Tap a button to change the settings.
Tap Accept to save any changes.
To configure the Units and Cogo settings, tap Settings from the Trimble Access menu and then tap Units
Cogo.
Review Job
To see the records stored in the job database:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Review job.
2. Use the arrow keys, stylus, or softkeys to navigate the database.
Tip - To move to the end of the database quickly, highlight the first record and press the up arrow key.
Tip - To highlight a field without selecting it, tap and hold briefly with the stylus.
3. To see more information about an item, tap the record. Certain fields, for example, Code and Antenna
height, can be edited.
Note - Offset points that are stored as coordinates are not updated when you change an antenna or target height record in the database. In addition, a change in antenna height does not affect any postprocessed points that will be processed using the Trimble Business Center software.
Verify the antenna or target height information when you transfer the data to the office computer or transfer postprocessed points directly from the receiver to the office software.
When you change an antenna or target height record in the database, stakeout deltas, Cogo points, averaged points, calibrations, resections, and traverse results are not automatically updated.
Re-observe staked out points, and re-calculate Cogo points, averaged points, calibrations, resections, and traverses.
To search for a particular item, tap Search and select an option.
Tip - To review features from the Map screen, select the required feature(s), tap and hold on the screen and choose Review from the shortcut menu.
To change the coordinate view display in Review job:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Review job.
2. Use the arrow keys, stylus, or softkeys to navigate the database.
3. Do one of the following:
♦
Tap + to expand the point tree list.
5
To change the coordinate display, tap one of the ordinates and then select the appropriate coordinate view from the list;
Grid, Grid (local), WGS84, HA VA SD (raw), As Stored.
♦
Tap the point name to view details about the point.
To change the ordinate display: a. Tap Options and then select the appropriate Coordinate view from the list;
As Stored, Local, Grid, Grid (local), ECEF (WGS84), Station and offset, Az VA SD,
HA VA SD (raw), Az HD VD, HA HD VD, delta Grid.
If you selected Station and offset, select the entity type (Line, Arc, Alignment, Tunnel or Road) and the name of the entity the points position will be referenced from.
If you selected Grid (local), select the Transformation for grid (local) display name.
This transformation transforms the grid coordinates to Grid (local) coordinates using the selected transformation.
Unless the transformation selected here is the same as the input transformation, the
Grid (local) coordinates shown will not match the original Grid (local) coordinates.
To see the original Grid (local) coordinates, set the Coordinate view to As Stored.
Transformation (as stored) is displayed when reviewing Grid (local) and the
Coordinate view is set to As Stored.
Transformation (display) is displayed when reviewing Grid (local) and the
Coordinate view is set to Grid (local).
b. Tap Accept.
Inserting notes
To store a note in the database:
1. Highlight a record.
Tip - To highlight a field without selecting it, tap and hold briefly with the stylus.
2. Tap Note. The Note screen that appears displays the date and time that the current record was created.
3. Enter the note and then tap Accept. The note is stored with the current record. In Review job, the note appears below the record with the note icon.
Editing target/antenna records using Review job
Select Review job to edit existing antenna or target height records. These edits change the antenna or target height for all observations using that antenna or target height.
To edit a target/antenna record:
1. Tap the target/antenna record. The current target (conventional survey) or antenna (GNSS survey) details appear.
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2. Enter the new details and then tap Accept.
The current record is updated with the new details, which apply to all subsequent observations using that record.
A note with a timestamp is attached to the record. This note documents the old details, including when the changes were made.
Editing target/antenna records using Point manager
Use
Point manager to easily change the target or antenna height of a single observation or any number of
observations.
Editing codes using Review job
If you have only a single code to edit, you can use Review job.
To edit a code:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Review job.
2. Tap the observation record that contains the code you want to edit.
3. Change the code and then tap Accept to store the changes.
The Note stored with the observation is a record of the old code and the date and time it was modified.
Editing codes using Point Manager
You can use Point manager to edit single or multiple codes.
When you edit multiple codes, the Point manager is easier to use than Review job.
For more information, see Point manager.
Editing point names and point coordinates using Point Manager
You can use
to edit point names or point coordinates.
You cannot edit point names and point coordinates using Review job.
Deleted points, lines, and arcs
A deleted point, line, or arc is not used in calculations, but it is still in the database. Deleting points, lines, or arcs does not make a job file smaller.
When you transfer a file that contains deleted points, the deleted points are not transferred to the office software. If you transfer a file using the Trimble Data Transfer utility, however, the deleted points are recorded in the Data Collector (.dc) file. They have a classification of Deleted.
Some points, such as continuous offset points and some intersection and offset points, are stored as vectors from a source point. If you delete a source point, any point stored as a vector from that point has null (?)
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coordinates when you review the database point record.
To delete a point, line, or arc in the General Survey database:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Review job.
2. Highlight the point, line, or arc to be deleted and tap Details.
3. Tap Delete. For points, the search class changes to Deleted (normal), Deleted (control), Deleted
(staked), Deleted (backsight), or Deleted (check), depending on the original search classification.
4. Tap Accept. The General Survey software records a note with the original point, line, or arc record, showing the time it was deleted.
When you delete a point, line, or arc, the point symbol changes. For example, for a topo point, the symbol replaces the symbol.
When you delete an observation that has been recorded during a Station setup plus, a
Measure rounds operation, the mean turned angle records and station or round residuals records will not be updated.
Deleting an observation that has been used to compute an average does not automatically update the average.
Use COGO / Compute average to recompute the average.
Tip - To delete features from the Map screen, select the required feature(s), tap and hold on the screen and choose Delete from the shortcut menu. Select the feature(s) to delete and then tap Enter.
You cannot delete points from a linked file.
Use Explorer to delete alignment files, road files, map files, or any other file type stored on the controller.
Note - You cannot delete points, lines or arcs from a linked map file (for example, a DXF or SHP file).
To restore a point, line, or arc in the General Survey database:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Review job.
2. Tap the point, line, or arc record to be restored.
3. Tap Undelete.
4. Tap Accept.
Point Manager
As an alternative to Review job, use the Point manager to manage your data.
You can easily review:
•
Point coordinates
•
Observations
•
The best point and all duplicate points
•
Target and antenna heights
•
Codes and notes
•
Descriptions
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•
Notes
You can easily edit:
•
Target and antenna heights (single or multiple)
•
•
•
•
Descriptions (single or multiple)
•
Notes
Using Point manager
To open Point manager, select Jobs / Point manager from the main menu. The screen that appears shows a tabulated tree structure of all points and observations in the job database and linked files.
Viewing the data
When there are duplicate points of the same name, the best point always appears first. All occurrences of points of the same name, including the best point, appear in a list below the best point.
However, when the data is in the Target height view, all observations in the database appear in the order that they occur in the database.
To change the view of the data, select Display. For example, to view coordinates, set Display to Grid; to view or edit target heights, set Display to Target height.
Note - In Point manager, the Target height setting refers to both antenna height and target height.
To sort the data, tap the column heading.
To change the width of the column, or to hide the column, tap and drag the separator between headings.
Use the scroll bars to scroll horizontally or vertically through the data.
Tip - To freeze the Point name column, tap and hold the Point name column heading. To unfreeze the column, tap and hold the heading again.
To filter the displayed information using wildcard matching, tap
Point name, Code, and Note fields and, if enabled, two Description fields.
. The screen that appears contains
To filter the fields appropriately, use * (for multiple characters) and ? (for a single character). The filters specified for the separate fields are processed together and only points that meet the criteria of all the filters will appear. Use * in any field that you do not want to filter. Filtering is not case sensitive.
Filter examples:
Point name
*1*
1*
Code
*
*
Descr. 1 Descr. 2
* *
* *
Note
*
*
Example results
1, 10, 2001, 1a
1, 10, 1a
9
1?
*1*
*1*
1???
*
*
Fence
*Fence*
*
Tree
*
*
*
*
Aspen
*
*
*
*
25
*
*
* wrong*
*
10, 1a
All points with a name that contains a 1 and where code = Fence
All points with a name that contains a 1 and a code that contains
Fence
All points with a name that starts with 1 and is 4 characters long and a note that starts with wrong
All points where code = tree and Description 1 =
Aspen and Description 2 = 25
To disable the filter, tap Reset, or set all fields to *.
Filter settings are remembered, but are not applied if Point manger is closed. To reactivate the filter, tap
and then tap Accept.
Note - To see a complete list of the icons and their descriptions used in the General Survey software see the filter table.
To view more information on a point do one of the following:
•
To reveal all associated points and observations, tap + to expand the point tree list. Expand the subtree to view individual point information. These records can include the point coordinates, observations,
• antenna or target details, and quality control records.
To open the same point form as seen in Review job, tap a point, or highlight a point and tap Details.
This allows you to edit information such as the point code and attributes.
To change the format of the indented coordinates or the observations that appear when you expand the point tree, tap the coordinates or observations displayed, or highlight them and press the space key. In the list that appears, select the new data view.
This allows you to review the raw conventional observations (or WGS-84 observations) and the Grid coordinates at the same time.
Using Grid (local) in the Point manager
You can use Point manager to view Grid (local) coordinates using the input transformation or a display transformation.
To do this:
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1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Point manager.
2. Tap Display and then select Grid (local).
3. To select the Grid (local) transformation for coordinate display, or to create a transformation, select
Options.
4. Do one of the following:
♦
To view the original Grid (local) values, select Display original grid local and then tap
♦
Accept.
To create a new display transformation, select Create new transformation, tap Next and then
♦ complete the required steps.
To select an existing display transformation, select Select transformation, select the display transformation from the list and then tap Accept.
Notes
♦
The 'input' transformation transforms a point from the original entered Grid (local) coordinates to database grid coordinates.
The 'display' transformation transforms a point, regardless of how it was stored, from the
♦ database grid coordinates to display computed Grid (local) coordinates.
When viewing the original Grid (local), points not stored as Grid (local) appear as null North
♦
(local), East (local), and Elev (local).
When you select a display transformation, all database grid points appear using the current display transformation. If the display transformation is different from the original transformation, the computed Grid (local) coordinates are different from the original entered
♦
Grid (local) coordinates.
A point entered as a Grid (local) point is stored in its original format to the General Survey job as a Grid (local) point. Typically, the input transformation to transform the point to a database grid point is assigned at the time the point is entered, but the transformation can be
created at a later stage and then assigned
to the point(s) using Point manager.
To change the input transformation:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Point manager.
2. Tap Display and then select Grid (local).
3. Highlight the point(s) stored as Grid (local) whose input transformation you need to change.
4. Tap Edit and then select Transformations.
5. Select the new transformation and then tap OK.
The new transformation is now used to transform the Grid (local) to database grid.
If the current view showed the original Grid (local), changing the input transformation does not change the Grid (local) coordinates displayed.
If the current view showed a different display transformation, changing the input transformation also changes the Grid (local) coordinates displayed.
Reviewing and editing antenna and target heights
Note - In Point manager, the Target height setting refers to conventional target heights and the GNSS antenna heights.
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To change a target height record and update all observations using that target height record, edit the target
To change an individual target height, or group of target heights, in Point manager:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Point manager.
2. Tap Display and then select Target height. In the screen that appears, the point name, from point, target height, code, and note are listed in the order they exist in the database.
•
To change the record order, tap the appropriate column heading.
•
To filter the list, tap Filter, select the appropriate column and then enter the filter details.
Tip - If you enter a filter value of 2 for a point name, the system will show all points with 2 in their name, including 2, 1002, 2099, or 2day. To filter for a point name "2", select the Match whole word check box.
3. To select a target or multiple targets for editing, do one of the following:
•
Tap the Target field.
•
Use the arrow keys to highlight the record to edit and then tap Edit.
•
To select multiple fields, press and hold Ctrl and then tap the required fields. Then tap Edit.
•
To select a range of fields, tap the first required field, press and hold Shift and then tap the last required field. Then tap Edit.
4. In the Target details form enter the new Target height and/or Prism constant. To store the changes, tap OK.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble prism base, tap the advanced pop-up arrow (
) and then select Bottom notch.
Point manager now displays the corrected target details. In Review job, view the inserted target records with notes that record the old target details.
Group editing Target heights (conventional) and Antenna heights (GNSS)
You can use the Point manager to edit details of antenna heights or target heights for multiple-selected points. This function is available when the Display softkey setting in the Point manager is set to Target
height. Use the standard Windows selection methods of Ctrl-click and Shift-click to choose the points to apply the target or antenna height edits to.
•
When you edit antenna heights, you can edit the measured heights and the measurement method.
•
When you edit target heights, you can edit the measured target height value, the measurement method
•
(when applicable), and the prism constant.
When you select points to edit, you can include points with target heights and points with antenna heights. When you tap Edit, two dialogs appear - one to edit antenna heights and one to edit target
• heights.
You do not need to select contiguous target and/or antenna heights to edit.
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•
You cannot edit a selection of antenna heights that includes more than one type of antenna. In this
• case, select and edit the points in separate groups, according to the type of antenna used.
You can edit a selection of different targets. In such a case, the new target heights are applied to each
• of the different targets but the target numbers remain unchanged.
Some conventional measurements use calculated (system) targets, which have a zero height and zero prism constants, for example, Dual-prism offset. You cannot edit the target heights for system
• targets.
You can sort Point manager columns to help you find and select groups of target or antenna heights to
• edit. Tap the column heading to sort that column.
The Point manager automatically inserts the appropriate target and antenna equipment records into the job database to ensure that the correct heights and measurement methods are assigned to each
• point.
When you edit points, the Point manager automatically inserts notes into the job database to record what was edited, the original measurement data, and the time of the edit.
Editing Point Coordinates using Point manager
You can use the Point manager to edit the coordinates of imported or keyed in points.
To edit the coordinates of a point:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Point manager.
2. To select the record to edit, tap and hold the stylus on the record.
3. Tap Edit and then select Coordinates.
4. Edit the coordinates and then tap OK to save the changes.
You cannot edit the coordinates of:
• raw observations
• points in linked files
• a range of records at one time
A record of the changes made are saved to the Note record.
Renaming point names using Point manager
You can use the Point manager to edit the names of points and observations.
To rename a point or observation:
1. From the main menu, tap Jobs / Point manager.
2. To select the record to edit, tap and hold the stylus on the record.
3. Tap Edit and then select Point names.
4. Edit the name and then tap OK to save the changes.
You cannot edit the name of
• points in linked files
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• an observation to the current station if a survey is running
• a backsight observation
A record of the changes made are saved to the Note record.
Editing point names and point coordinates in a dynamic database
The General Survey software uses a dynamic database. If you change the name or coordinates of a record, the positions of other records that rely on that record could change or disappear.
The rest of this section describes how changes to a base station position, station setup, or backsight position can affect other positions. In addition to these record types, changes to resections, lines, arcs, compute inverse records, and others may also affect other positions For more details on specific records that may change, see the table below.
If you rename a point name that is used as a base in a GNSS survey, or as a station setup point in a conventional survey, this does not rename the point name that is referenced in the Base record or Station setup record. You cannot edit the point name referenced in the Base record or Station setup record in any way.
If you rename the base position or station setup position, and another record with the same name does not exist, then the positions of all records that are computed from that base position or station setup position cannot be computed, and those records will no longer be displayed in the map.
If you rename the base position or station setup position, and another record with the same name does exist, then the positions of all records that are computed from that base position or station setup position may change, as they will now be computed from the next best point with the same name.
If you edit the base position or station setup position, then the positions of all records that are computed from that base position or station setup position will change.
If you edit the azimuth in an a station setup with a keyed-in azimuth to the backsight, then the positions of all records that are computed from that station setup will change.
If you edit or rename the point record that is used as a backsight in a station setup with a computed azimuth to the backsight, then the positions of all records that are computed from that station setup may change.
If you select a range of records and change their name, all the selected records are renamed to the new name that you entered.
If you rename or edit the coordinates of points, all records that contain computed deltas to other points, for example as-staked, check, and backsight observations, are not updated.
In the following table, the * symbol against a record type shows the dynamic database records that may change if the name or the coordinates of the record that was used to derive their position is modified.
Record
Topo points (GNSS)
Names Coordinates
* *
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Rapid points
FastStatic points
Observed control points
F1 Topo points (Conv.)
F2 Topo points (Conv.)
Mean turned angle
As-staked points
Check points
Continuous points
Construction points
Laser points
Lines
Arcs
Compute inverse
Resection points
Adjusted points
Averaged points
Cogo points (computed)
(see note below)
Intersection points
Offset points
Roads
Alignments
Tunnels
Calibration points
Compute area
* 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
* 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
1 - Cogo points can change if the point they are computed from is modified, but it depends on how the Cogo points were stored. If they were stored as a vector, for example Az HD VD and the base point is moved, then the Cogo point will also move.
Adding or editing codes using Point manager
To enter a code or change an existing code, tap the Code field. Enter the code details, and the attributes, if required. Tap Accept to store the changes.
Group editing codes using Point Manager
You can use the Point manager to edit code details for more than one point at a time.
1. Use the standard Windows selection methods; press Ctrl or Shift and tap the records for which you want to change the code.
2. Tap Edit and then select Codes.
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3. Enter the new code and then tap Enter.
If the code has attributes, you are prompted to enter them.
The new codes are updated and displayed in the Point manager. A note with the old code value is stored for each modified record.
Tip - You can edit Descriptions in the same way.
Adding or editing notes using Point manager
To enter a note or change an existing note, tap the Note field. Enter the note details and then tap Accept to store the changes.
Map
The Map screen is a graphical representation of features from multiple sources:
• points, lines, and arcs from the current job database
• points, lines, and arcs from linked jobs and linked CSV files
• points, lines, arcs, polylines, and other map entities from map files (for example DXF and SHP files)
• alignments defined as .rxl files and stored in the current project folder
•
Trimble roads defined as .rxl files and stored in the current project folder
• digital terrain models stored in the current project folder
Use the following links to learn more about using the map:
•
•
Using the map softkeys and options
♦
Zoom previous and zoom default
♦
♦
•
Selecting a feature in the map
•
Deselecting a feature in the map
•
♦
♦
•
Autopan
•
Linked files (.csv .txt .job)
♦
Transferring linked files
♦
Stakeout points from a linked file
•
Active map
♦
Layers and selectability
♦
Colors in the map
♦
Transferring and selecting maps
♦
Notes on active maps, including supported map entity types
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To access the Map screen:
1. Tap Map. The current position of the GNSS antenna is displayed as a vertical/horizontal cross. The current orientation of a conventional instrument is shown by a dotted line extending from the instrument to the end of the screen. The location of the prism is shown as a cross when a distance is measured.
2. Tap Map. The current position of the GNSS antenna is displayed as a vertical/horizontal cross.
3. Use the
map softkeys to navigate around the map.
If there is a point with the same name as another point in the database, the point with the higher search class is displayed. For more information about how the General Survey software uses search classes, see Database search rules.
Notes
•
Only grid coordinates are displayed. If you have not defined a projection, only points stored as grid
• coordinates appear.
Grid (local) coordinates cannot be displayed if the input transformation was not defined.
•
If the Grid coords field in the Cogo settings screen is set to Increase South-West or Increase
South-East, the map display is rotated by 180° such that increasing south coordinates are displayed up the screen.
Map Softkeys
Use the map softkeys to:
• navigate around the map
• change the map display options
Some softkeys can operate in an "active" mode. The effect of tapping on the map depends on the active softkey selected.
The functions are described in the following table:
Softkey
Function
Tap this softkey to zoom in.
Tap and hold the softkey to make it active.
Tap the area of the map to zoom in on, or drag to create a box around the area of interest.
Tap this softkey to zoom out.
Tap and hold the softkey to make it active.
Tap the area of the map to zoom out from.
Tap this softkey to shift the center of the map area to another part of the map.
Tap the softkey to make it active.
Tap an area of the map to center on, or tap and drag the map area to where you want to pan.
Tap this softkey to show all features on the screen.
Tap the softkey to make it active.
17
Click the up arrow to access more softkey functions. The additional functions are described in the following table.
Filter
Pan to
Options
Layers
Shows a legend for the feature symbols and lets you choose which features are displayed.
Displays the Pan to point screen. Enter a point name and scale value.
Controls how name or code labels appear next to points in the map.
Controls the options to display road and alignment stationing.
Controls the options to display the points symbols and coded features for each point.
If the Display coded features check box is selected, General Survey software draws lines between points that have feature codes with the Feature type configured to Line.
When you create or edit a feature code, set the Feature type to Line and specify a Line style.
Controls the option to display points from the stakeout list in the map. To do this, set the
Display stakeout list points field to Yes.
Controls the Automatic pan to your current position option.
Tap the automeasure option to automatically start a measurement when you press the measure key.
Controls the option to display elevations in the map.
Controls the option to display the map in Widescreen mode.
Controls the display of one or more active map files or layers.
Controls the selectability of one or more active map files or layers.
Controls the display and selectability of alignment files.
Controls the display and selectability of Trimble road files.
Controls the display and stake-ability of digital terrain models.
Filter
Pan to
Options
Layers
Shows a legend for the feature symbols and lets you choose which features are displayed.
Displays the Pan to point screen. Enter a point name and scale value.
Controls how name or code labels appear next to points in the map.
Controls the options to display the points symbols and coded features for each point. If the
Display coded features check box is selected, General Survey software draws lines between points that have feature codes with certain display properties. When you create or edit a feature code, use the Display softkey to specify the display features of the feature code.
Controls the option to display points from the stakeout list in the map. To do this, set the
Display stakeout list points field to Yes.
Controls the Automatic pan to your current position option.
Tap the automeasure option to automatically start a measurement when you press the measure key.
Controls the option to display elevations in the map.
Controls the display of one or more active map files or layers.
To explode polylines into individual line and arc segments, enable the Explode polylines check box in Map /
Layers / Options.
Zoom previous and Zoom default
18
In the map view, tap and hold the map softkey to display more navigation options:
•
Zoom to the previous view
•
Zoom to a default scale and location
•
Set a default scale and location
Widescreen mode
The map appears in widescreen mode across the entire width of the screen.
To access the status bar while the map is in widescreen mode, tap the arrow on the far right of the map. The status bar appears for approximately three seconds, after which time the map returns to widescreen.
To change the widescreen mode, do one of the following:
•
Tap and hold in the map window and then select Widescreen
•
Tap Options within the map screen and then select the Widescreen setting
•
Press the '.' key on the controller
Using the Map for Common Tasks
To select a feature from the map, do one of the following:
•
Tap the required feature(s) from the map area. If there is more than one feature in the highlighted area, a list of features in this area appears. Select the features as required and then tap OK to return to the map.
Tip - When selecting a line, arc, or polyline to stakeout, tap near the end of the line, arc, or polyline that you want to designate as the start. Arrows are then drawn on the line, arc, or polyline to indicate the direction.
If the direction of the line, arc or polyline is incorrect, tap the line, arc or polyline to deselect it and then tap it at the correct end to reselect the direction required.
The direction of Alignments and Trimble roads is defined when they are created, and cannot be changed.
Note - The offset directions are not swapped when the line direction is reversed.
•
Drag a box around the features you want to select.
When multiple features are selected in this way they are typically sorted in the order in which they are stored in the database. If the order of the entities in the selection is important, you should select them one by one.
To select a feature from a map file, the map file or layers must be made selectable.
19
To deselect a feature from the map, do one of the following:
•
Tap the selected feature to deselect it. If there is more than one feature within the highlighted area, a list of features within this area appears. Deselect the features as required. Tap OK to return to the
• map.
Tap and hold on the map and select List selection from the shortcut menu. A list of the selected
• features appears. Deselect the features as required.
To clear the entire selection, double-tap off the selected features. Alternatively, tap and hold on the map and select Clear selection from the shortcut menu.
To carry out a task using the selected feature(s), do one of the following:
•
Measure
♦
If there are no features selected, tap Measure to measure the current position.
Tip - To change the code and/or descriptions when using Measure from the map, select a point in the map whose settings you want to be the default, tap and hold on the map briefly and then select
Alternatively, if you want to change defaults values, but do not want to use the default from an existing point, make sure that there are no features selected before you set point details.
•
Stakeout
♦
If one or more features are selected, tap Stakeout to stake out the selected feature(s).
If more than one point is selected, the points are added to the Stake out points list, from where
♦ you can select them for stakeout.
If more than one line or arc is selected, the first item selected is the one used for stakeout.
♦
Double-tap a feature to stake out.
If there is more than one feature within the highlighted area, a list of features within this area appears. Select the feature to stake out.
Tip - If two points are selected, tap and hold on the map and then select Stake out line to stake a line defined by the two selected points.
If the selection contains different feature types (points, lines, arcs), only features of the first type selected can be staked out from the map. To stake out other feature types, clear the selection then reselect the other features.
Setting default point details
Tap and hold briefly on the map and then select Set point details from the menu.
Use Set point details to set the Next point name, Code, and Description 1 and Description 2 (if enabled) that will be used as the defaults the next time you measure a point.
If you select a single point in the map when you select Set point details, the next available point name, and the code and descriptions of the selected point, become the defaults.
Tap and hold shortcut menu in the map
20
Tap and hold on the map area to access a shortcut menu. The shortcut menu provides quick access to common tasks. The tasks depend on the number and type of features selected.
In the following table, the * symbol against a task shows that you can access it through the shortcut menu for the feature at the top of that column.
Tap and hold menu options that are available for features in the current job:
Task
Review
List section
Clear section
Widescreen
Delete
Stake out points
Stake out line
Stake out arc
Create/Offset alignment
Stake out alignment
Measure calibration point
Navigate to point
Turn to
Compute inverse
Compute + subdivide area
Subdivide a line
Subdivide an arc
Key in point
Key in line
Key in arc: 3 points
Key in arc: 2 points + center
Set point details
Check backsight
Check shot
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
*
*
-
-
-
*
-
-
No
Features
-
-
-
*
One point
*
*
*
*
Feature
Two points
Three or more points
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Line Arc
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
*
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
*
*
-
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
*
*
-
*
*
-
-
-
*
*
-
-
-
-
-
* *
-
-
* -
*
-
-
* *
* *
-
-
-
-
* *
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
* -
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tap and hold menu options that are available for features in a linked file or active map file:
Task
Feature
Alignment
21
Review
List section
Clear section
Widescreen
Delete
Stake out points
Stake out line
Stake out arc
Create/Offset alignment
Stake out alignment
Measure calibration point
Navigate to point
Turn to
Compute inverse
Compute + subdivide area
Subdivide a line
Subdivide an arc
Key in point
Key in line
Key in arc: 3 points
Key in arc: 2 points + center
Set point details
Check backsight
Check shot
-
-
*
-
*
*
*
*
One active map or linked file point
Two active map or linked file points
*
*
-
*
*
-
*
*
Three or more active map or linked file points
*
*
-
*
*
-
-
*
Active map line
-
-
*
-
*
*
*
*
* * *
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
-
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
*
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
*
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
Active map arc
Active map polyline
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
Trimble road
-
-
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes
•
If you select a point with the same name as another point in the database, then select the Review or
Delete option from the shortcut menu, a list of the duplicate points appears. Select the point you want to review or delete.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
•
Field fill-in. Enter feature names into fields by selecting from the map. Select the feature(s) from the map then select a survey function, such as Cogo or Stakeout. The selected feature(s) are automatically
• entered into the appropriate fields.
Map selection list. The Map selections option is available on the right side of the feature name field when you have selected features from the map. Tap it to access the list of the selected features. Only
• features that are specific to the field are shown.
You cannot use General Survey to delete points from linked files. Points from linked files do not
• appear in the Review screen list of deleteable points.
Turn to is available in a conventional survey when a station setup has been completed, and no points
• are selected. When chosen it turns to the position where the stylus tapped on the screen.
Check backsight and Check shot options from the map are available only in conventional surveys.
Units
To configure the Units, tap Jobs / Properties of job / Units and change the fields as required.
Tip - In some fields (for example, Azimuth), you can enter a value in units other than the system units. The
Units softkey appears in these fields. When you tap Enter to accept the field, the value is converted to the system units.
Use Units to configure the display of the following settings:
This setting Specifies how the following values are displayed
Distance and grid coords Distance and Northing/Easting coordinates
Height
Distance display
Coordinate display
Height and elevation
The number of decimal places in all distance fields
The number of decimal places in all Northing/Easting coordinate fields
Angles
Azimuth format
Lat / Long
Temperature
Pressure
Angles
Azimuths
Latitude and longitude
Temperature
Coordinate order
Pressure
Coordinates
The order for the displayed coordinates can be set to:
- North-East-Elev
- East-North-Elev
-Y-X-Z
- X-Y-Z
For the Y-X-Z and X-Y-Z options, the convention used defines that the Y axis is the East axis and the X axis is the North axis.
Stationing
(also known as Chainage in some countries)
This defines the distance
Stationing
Can be expressed as either 1000.0, 10+00.0 or 1+000.0, where a value before the + is an even station and a value after the + is a fraction of a station.
23
along a horizontal alignment.
Grade
The grade of a slope can be displayed as an angle, percent, or ratio.
The ratio can be displayed as Rise:Run or Run:Rise.
Grade
Area
Laser VA display
Time format
Area
Laser Vertical angles
Can be vertical angles measured from the zenith, or inclinations measured from horizontal.
Time
Cogo Settings
To configure the Cogo settings, tap Settings from the Trimble Access menu and then select Units Cogo / Cogo
settings.
To configure the Cogo settings, tap Job / New job / Cogo settings when creating a new job. For an existing job tap Job / Properties of job / Cogo settings.
Use Cogo settings to configure:
Distance display (grid, ground, or ellipsoid)
Sea level (ellipsoid) correction
Increasing grid coordinate direction
Neighborhood adjustment and weight exponent
Distance Display
The Distances field defines how distances are displayed and which distances are used for calculations in the
General Survey software. Select one of the following options:
•
Ground (the default setting)
•
Ellipsoid
•
Grid
24
The following diagram shows the options between points A and B.
Ground distance
A ground distance is the horizontal distance calculated between the two points at the mean elevation parallel to the chosen ellipsoid.
If an ellipsoid has been defined in the job and the Distances field is set to Ground, the distance is calculated parallel to that. If no ellipsoid has been defined, the WGS84 ellipsoid is used.
Ellipsoid distance
If the Distances field is set to Ellipsoid then a correction is applied and all distances are calculated as if on the local ellipsoid, which usually approximates to sea level. If no ellipsoid has been specified, the WGS84 ellipsoid is used.
Note - If the coordinate system for a job is defined as Scale factor only, ellipsoid distances cannot be displayed.
Grid distance
If the Distances field is set to Grid, the grid distance between two points is displayed. This is the simple trigonometrically distance between the two sets of two-dimensional coordinates. If the coordinate system for the job is defined as Scale factor only, and the Distances field is set to Grid, the
General Survey software displays ground distances multiplied by the scale factor.
Note - A grid distance between two measured GNSS points cannot be displayed unless you have specified a datum transformation and a projection, or performed a site calibration.
When you select Scale factor only in a conventional instrument only survey, grid and ground distances can be displayed.
Curvature Correction
In the General Survey system, all ellipsoid and ground distances are parallel to the ellipsoid.
25
Sea level (ellipsoid) correction
The Sea level (ellipsoid) correction check box enables you to choose whether or not the horizontal components of distances measured with a conventional total station should be corrected to their equivalent length on the ellipsoid.
In most case, select the Sea level (ellipsoid) correction check box to compute the correct geodetic grid coordinates from the total station observations.
However, if the local ellipsoid was inflated to provide computed ground coordinates, but the point heights were not changed to be in terms of the inflated ellipsoid, do not select sea level correction; for example, when using jobs with Minnesota county coordinate systems.
The sea level correction is carried out using the average height (not elevation) of the line above the local ellipsoid. If both ends of the line have null heights, the default height specified for the job is used to compute this correction.
The formula used for the computation is:
Ellipsoid horizontal distance = HzDist x Radius / (Radius + AvHt)
HzDist Horizontal component of measured distance
Radius Ellipsoid semi-major axis
AvHt Average height above local ellipsoid of the measured line
Notes
•
In jobs where the coordinate system is configured to provide ground coordinates, the Sea level
(ellipsoid) correction is always enabled and cannot be edited. This is because the sea level correction
• is already applied in the computation of the ground coordinates.
In a Scale only job, there is no local ellipsoid available because this is not a geodetic projection. In this case, the correction computation defaults to using the semi-major axis of the WGS84 ellipsoid
(6378137.0 m) as the radius value. The sea level correction in Scale only jobs also uses the point
• elevations because there are no ellipsoidal heights available.
You cannot set a default height for Scale only jobs. This means that if the Sea level (ellipsoid)
correction is enabled in a Scale only job, you must use 3D points, or null coordinates will be computed because it is not possible to compute the sea level correction.
Azimuth Display
The azimuth displayed and used by the General Survey software depends on the coordinate system that you defined for the current job:
•
If you defined both a datum transformation and a projection, or if you selected Scale factor only , the
• grid azimuth is displayed.
If you defined both a datum transformation and a projection, the grid azimuth is displayed.
•
If you defined no datum transformation and/or no projection, the best available azimuth is displayed.
A grid azimuth is the first choice, then a local ellipsoidal azimuth, then the WGS84 ellipsoid azimuth.
26
•
If you are using a laser rangefinder, the magnetic azimuth is displayed.
If a south azimuth display is required, set the South azimuth field to Yes. All azimuths still increase clockwise. The following diagram shows the effect of setting the South azimuth fields to No or Yes.
Grid Coordinates
Use the Grid coords field to set the grid coordinates to increase in one of the following sets of directions:
• north and east
• south and west
• north and west
• south and east
The following diagram shows the effect of each setting.
27
Magnetic Declination
Set the magnetic declination for the local area if magnetic bearings are being used in the General Survey software. You can use magnetic bearings if you choose the Cogo / Compute point using the Brng-dist from a point method.
The magnetic declination defines the relationship between magnetic north and grid north for the job. Enter a negative value if magnetic north is west of grid north. Enter a positive value if magnetic north is east of grid north. For example, if the compass needle points 7° to the east of grid north, the declination is +7° or 7°E.
Note - Use the published declination values if available.
Note - If grid north in the job has been rotated away from true north due to the coordinate system definition
(possibly via a GNSS calibration) then this must be allowed for in the magnetic declination specified.
Neighborhood adjustment
28
You can apply a Neighborhood adjustment to all conventional foresight observations made from a Station setup plus or Resection, and to all GPS observations made in a job that has a valid GPS site calibration. To apply Neighborhood adjustment, select the check box in Properties of current job / Cogo settings.
Neighborhood adjustment uses the residuals from Station setup plus, Resection or GNSS site calibration to calculate delta grid values to apply to subsequent observations made during the survey. Each observation is adjusted according to its distance from each of the backsight points (for a conventional survey) or calibration points (for a GNSS survey). The following formula is used to calculate the weight to give the residuals of each backsight or calibration point: p = 1/D
n
where: p is the weight of the backsight or calibration point
D is the distance to the backsight or calibration point n is the weight exponent
A weighted average is then computed and the resulting delta values are applied to each new observation to get an adjusted grid position.
Note - A high value for the weight exponent results in low impact (weight) of distant backsight or calibration points.
For Neighborhood adjustment to be applied, the station setup or calibration must have at least 3 known points with 2D grid residuals. That is, if you perform a:
•
Station setup plus, you must have HA VA SD observations to at least 2 backsight points, each with
• known 2D coordinates.
Resection, you must have HA VA SD observations to at least 3 backsight points, each with known 2D
• coordinates.
Calibration, you must have GNSS observations to at least 3 control points, each with known 2D coordinates.
Notes
•
Neighborhood adjustment will use a GNSS site calibration only if it has been observed in the current
General Survey job. This is because a GNSS calibration that is part of the coordinate system in an
• uploaded job does not include the GNSS calibration residuals.
For Station setup plus, the known station coordinate is included in the neighborhood adjustment
• calculation. In the calculation, the station coordinate is given grid residuals of zero.
Neighborhood adjustment is a 2D-only adjustment. Any vertical residuals from station setup or
• calibration are not used in the neighborhood adjustment calculations.
Neighborhood adjustment using GNSS site calibration residuals is applied to all WGS84 points in the job, not just GNSS observations.
Warning - Make sure that the backsight or calibration points are around the perimeter of the site. Do not survey outside the area enclosed by the backsight or calibration points (and for Station setup plus, the station point). The neighborhood adjustment is not valid beyond this perimeter.
29
Advanced Geodetic support
Select Advanced Geodetic support to enable the following options:
•
•
Helmert transformation for Resection
•
Local transformations
30
Survey - Conventional
Measuring topo points in a Conventional Survey
To measure a topographic point using the General Survey software and a conventional instrument:
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. From the Measure menu, select Measure topo.
3. Enter a value in the Point name field.
4. If necessary, enter a feature code in the Code field.
5.
field, select a measurement method.
6. Enter a value in the Target height field and then tap Measure.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble prism base, tap the advanced pop-up arrow (
) and then select Bottom notch.
check box in the survey style, the measurement information appears on the screen. If necessary, edit the target height and code. Tap the view display button on the left of the measurement information to change the display and then do one of the following:
•
To store the point, tap Store.
•
Turn the instrument to the next point and then tap Read. The last point is stored and a measurement is made to the next point.
If you did not select the View before storage check box, the point is stored automatically and the point name increments (based on the Auto point step size setting). The General Survey software stores the raw observations (HA, VA, and SD).
Notes
•
If you selected the Auto average option, and an observation to a duplicate point is within the specified duplicate point tolerances, the observation and the computed average position (using all the available
• point positions) are automatically stored.
Two angles only observations from two different known points can be 'averaged' to compute the coordinates of the intersection point. To average the observations, they must be stored with the same point name. When the Duplicate point: Out of tolerance screen appears, select Average.
Alternatively, average the observations using
Cogo / Compute average.
To change the settings for the current survey, tap Options. You can not change the current survey style or the system settings.
If you are using a servo or robotic instrument to measure a known (coordinated) point, tap Turn.
Alternatively, with a servo instrument, set the Servo auto turn field in the survey style to HA & VA, or HA
only to automatically turn the instrument to the point.
31
Tips
•
You can tap Enter while measuring an Averaged observations to accept the measurement before the
• required number of observations has been completed.
You can tap Enter while measuring a Direct Reflex (DR) point with a defined standard deviation to accept the measurement before the standard deviation has been satisfied.
If you are measuring topo points with feature codes, you may find
Measure topo.
Measurement Methods
For more information on the different measurement methods see the following:
Angle Offset, H. Angle Offset, and V. Angle Offset
You can also Measure a point on two faces.
Use the Auto point step size field to set the increment size for automatic point numbering. The default is 1, but you can use larger step sizes and negative steps.
Select the View before storage check box to view observations before they are stored.
Station Setup
In a conventional survey, you must complete a station setup to orientate the instrument:
1. From the main menu, select Measure / <Style name> / Station setup.
The menu that appears varies according to whether or not you have a current station setup.
Note - If you have only one style, it is automatically selected.
32
2.
Set the corrections associated with the instrument.
If the Corrections form does not appear, tap Options from the Station setup screen to set the corrections.
To make the Corrections form appear on startup, select the Show corrections on startup option.
3. Enter the instrument point name and the instrument height. If the point is not already in the database, you can key it in or leave it as null.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station, tap the advanced pop-up arrow ( ) and then select Bottom notch. Enter the height measured to the top ridge of the bottom notch on the instrument.
General Survey corrects this measured slope value to true vertical and adds the offset 0.158 m (0.518
sft) to calculate true vertical to the trunnion axis.
Note - If you select Bottom notch, the minimum slope distance (Hm) that you can enter is 0.300
meters. This is approximately the minimum slope distance that can be physically measured. If this minimum is too low, you must measure to the top mark.
Notes
♦
If the coordinates for the instrument point are not known, perform a resection to known points
♦ to coordinate the point.
For a 2D or planimetric survey, leave the Instrument height field set to null (?). No elevations are calculated. Unless you are using a Scale only projection, a project height must be defined in the coordinate system definition. General Survey software needs this information to reduce measured ground distances to ellipsoid distances and to compute 2D coordinates.
4. Enter the backsight point name and the target height. If there are no coordinates for the point, you can key in an azimuth.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble prism base, tap the advanced pop-up arrow (
) and then select Bottom notch.
Notes
♦
If you do not know the azimuth, you can enter an arbitrary value and then edit the azimuth
♦ record later, in review.
If you cannot determine the coordinates for the instrument or backsight point, you can key them in or measure them later using GNSS (provided that there is a valid GNSS site
♦ calibration). The coordinates of any points measured from that station are then computed.
When you enter the instrument point later, make sure that you choose to overwrite the original instrument point in the Duplicate point form. The coordinates of any points measured
♦ from that station are then computed.
You can use the Point manager to edit the coordinates of the instrument point. If you do, then
♦ the positions of all records that are computed from that station setup position may change.
You can use Point manager to edit the coordinates of the backsight point. If you edit the point record that is used as a backsight in a station setup with a computed azimuth to the backsight,
33
then the positions of all records that are computed from that station setup may change.
Tip - If the point is available from a linked file, select the linked file for the job and then enter the point name in the Instrument point name or Backsight point name field. The point is automatically copied to the job.
5. Choose an option in the Method field. The options are:
♦
Angles and distance - measure horizontal and vertical angles and slope distance
♦
Averaged observations - measure horizontal and vertical angles and slope distance for a
♦ predefined number of observations
Angles only - measure horizontal and vertical angles
♦
H. Angle only - measure horizontal angle only
♦
Angle offset - measure the slope distance first, the instrument can then be repointed and then
♦ measure the horizontal and vertical angles
H. Angle offset - measure the vertical angle and slope distance first, the instrument can then
♦ be repointed and then measure the horizontal angle
V. Angle offset - measure the horizontal angle and slope distance first, the instrument can
♦ then be repointed and then measure the vertical angle
Distance offset - enter the left/right, in/out or V.Dist offset from the target to the object when a point is inaccessible and then measure horizontal and vertical angles and slope distance to the offset object
When you use an offset method, tap Options and then set the
perspective.
Tip - When using Autolock technology and measuring offset points, select the Autolock off
for offsets check box. When enabled, Autolock technology is automatically disabled for the offset measurement and then re-enabled after the measurement.
6. Sight the center of the backsight target and then tap Measure.
7. If the residuals for the station setup are acceptable, tap Store.
Tip - To change the display, tap the view display button on the left of the measurement information.
Note - The residuals are the differences between the known position and the observed position of the backsight point.
Station setup is complete.
Tip - To get the most out of the Station setup routine, tap Options to configure Station setup to match the way that you prefer to work. For more information, see Perform a station setup.
Note - If you want to measure more than one backsight point, use
For more information, see:
•
•
•
34
Station setup plus
In a conventional survey, use Station setup plus to perform a station setup on a known point by making observations to one or more backsight points.
Warning - If the station setup point is a traverse station that you plan to adjust, do not measure more than one backsight point. Clear the Backsight check box for any additional points so that they are measured as foresights.
For more details, see:
•
Performing a Station setup plus
•
Station setup - Residuals screen
•
•
•
•
Performing a Station setup plus
To perform a Station setup plus:
1. From the main menu, select Measure / <Style name> / Station setup plus.
2.
Set the corrections associated with the instrument.
If the Corrections form does not appear, tap Options and then select the Show corrections on startup check box.
3. Enter the instrument point name. If the point is not already in the database, key it in or leave it as null.
If the coordinates for the instrument point are not known, perform a Resection
to known points. This will provide the coordinates.
4. If applicable, enter the instrument height and then tap Accept.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station, tap the advanced pop-up arrow ( ) and then select Bottom notch. Enter the height measured to the top ridge of the bottom notch on the instrument.
General Survey corrects this measured slope value to true vertical and adds the offset 0.158 m (0.518
sft) to calculate true vertical to the trunnion axis.
Note - If you select Bottom notch, the minimum slope distance (Hm) that you can enter is 0.300
meters. This is approximately the minimum slope distance that can be physically measured. If this minimum is too low, you must measure to the top mark.
- For a 2D or planimetric survey, leave the Instrument height field set to null (?). No elevations is calculated.
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- Once the station setup is started, you cannot enter a different instrument height.
Warning - Before you continue, tap Options and make sure that the Face order setting is correct.
You cannot change this setting after you start measuring points.
5. Enter the first backsight point name and the target height, if applicable. If there are no coordinates for the point, you can key in an azimuth.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble prism base, tap the advanced pop-up arrow (
) and then select Bottom notch.
If the point is available from a linked file, select the linked file for the job and then enter the point name in the Instrument point name or Backsight point name field. The point is automatically copied to the job.
Note - To include foresight points during Station setup plus, clear the Backsight check box. Foresight points do not contribute to the station setup result.
6. Choose an option in the Method field.
7. Sight the target and then tap Measure.
The Station setup residuals screen appears.
See the following sections for more information on what do next.
Skipping observations
When using Automate rounds you can configure the software to automatically skip obstructed foresight targets.
If the instrument cannot measure the point and Skip obstructed foresights is enabled, it skips that point and moves onto the next point in the rounds list.
If the instrument cannot measure the point and Skip obstructed foresights is disabled, a message appears after
60 seconds to indicate that the prism is obstructed.
The General Survey software continues to try to measure to the target until instructed to skip the point. To do this, tap Ok for the obstructed prism message, tap Pause and then tap Skip.
When the General Survey software reaches the end of a rounds list in which points have been skipped, the following message appears:
Observe skipped points?
Tap Yes to observe the points that were skipped during that round. The observations can be skipped again if required. Tap No to end the round.
If a point is skipped in one round, all subsequent rounds continue to prompt for observations to that point.
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When one observation from a pair of face 1 and face 2 observations has been skipped, the unused observation is automatically deleted by the General Survey software. Deleted observations are stored in the General
Survey database and can be undeleted. Undeleted observations can be processed in the office software, but are not automatically used to recompute Mean Turned Angle (MTA) records in the General Survey software.
Backsight observations cannot be skipped using the Skip obstructed foresights option.
Station setup - Residuals screen
The Station setup residuals screen lists the residuals for each point observed in the station setup.
Use the Station setup residuals screen to do the following:
•
To observe more points, tap + Point.
•
To view the Station setup results, tap Results.
•
To store the station setup, tap Results and then tap Store.
•
To view/edit the details of a point, highlight the point and then tap Details.
•
To view/edit the residuals of each individual observation to a point, tap the point in the list once.
•
To start measuring rounds of observations to the points, tap End face.
Tips
•
To highlight an item in a list, tap and hold the item for at least half a second.
•
To sort a column in ascending or descending order, tap the column header. Tap the Point column
• header to sort the point in ascending or descending observed order.
To change the residual display view, select an option from the drop-down list in the Residuals screen.
•
To navigate to a point, tap + Point and then tap Navigate.
Notes
•
A residual is the difference between the known position and the observed position of the backsight
• point(s).
A foresight point that does not yet exist in the database has null residuals in the Residuals form.
•
You cannot add the same point to a station setup more than once. To take further measurements to points already measured, select End Face. For more information, see
Measuring Rounds in Station setup plus or Resection.
Point - Residuals screen
The Point residuals screen lists the residuals for each observation to a point in the station setup.
Use the Point residuals screen to do the following:
•
To disable an observation, highlight it and then tap Use.
•
To view the details of an observation, highlight it and then tap Details.
•
To return to the Station setup residuals screen, tap Back.
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Note - If you have measured face 1 and face 2 observations to a point, turning off the observation for one face will also turn off the observation for the other face.
Warning - If you turn off some (but not all) of the observations to a backsight point, the solution for the resection will be biased. There will be a different number of observations to each backsight point.
Point details screen
Use the Point details screen to:
• view the mean observation for a point in the station setup
• change the target height and/or prism constant for all observations to a point
Station setup results screen
The Station setup results screen shows information about the station setup solution.
Use the Station setup results screen to:
• return to the Station Setup Residuals screen (tap Esc)
• store the station setup (tap Store)
Note - During a Station setup plus, nothing is stored in the job until you tap Store in the Results screen.
Station setup is complete.
For more information, see:
•
Measuring Rounds in Station setup plus or Resection
•
•
Measuring Rounds in Station setup plus or Resection
This topic describes how to measure multiple sets (rounds) of observations during a Station setup plus or
Resection.
A round can consist of either:
• a set of single face 1 observations
• a set of matched face 1 and face 2 observations
Using Station setup plus or Resection, measure the points that you want to include in the rounds. When the rounds list has been built, tap End Face.
General Survey software:
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•
Directs you to change face when required. With servo-driven instruments, this happens
• automatically.
Defaults to the correct point details for each observed point.
•
Displays the results. This allows you to delete bad data.
For more details, see:
•
•
Measuring rounds of observations
•
•
•
•
•
Building a rounds list
The rounds list contains the points used in the rounds observations. As each point is added to a Station setup
When the rounds list is complete, tap End face . General Survey software prompts you for the next point to be measured in the rounds of observations.
Notes
•
You can not edit the rounds list. Before you tap End face, be sure to observe all points to include in
• the rounds observations.
The top of the Measure rounds screen shows which face the instrument is on, the number of the current round, and the total number of rounds to be measured (shown in brackets). For example, Face
•
1 (1/3) shows that the instrument is on face 1 of the first round of three.
Within Station setup plus or Resection, the maximum number of points in a round is 25.
Measuring rounds of observations
Once the rounds list has been built, tap End face. General Survey software enters the default point name and target information for the next point in the rounds. To measure a point, tap Measure. Repeat this until all observations in the round are completed.
When all observations are complete, General Survey software shows the Residuals screen.
Notes
•
When using servo or robotic instruments, check that the instrument has sighted the target accurately.
Manually adjust it if necessary. Some instruments can perform accurate sighting automatically. For
• information on the instrument specifications, refer to the instrument manufacturer's documentation.
If you are using a servo or robotic instrument to measure a known (coordinated) point, tap Turn.
Alternatively, with a servo instrument, set the Servo auto turn field in the survey style to HA & VA, or
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•
HA only to automatically turn the instrument to the point.
If you tap Esc in the Measure screen, the current round is discarded.
Skipping observations
When using Automate rounds you can configure the software to automatically skip obstructed foresight targets.
If the instrument cannot measure the point and Skip obstructed foresights is enabled, it skips that point and moves onto the next point in the rounds list.
If the instrument cannot measure the point and Skip obstructed foresights is disabled, a message appears after
60 seconds to indicate that the prism is obstructed.
The General Survey software continues to try to measure to the target until instructed to skip the point. To do this, tap Ok for the obstructed prism message, tap Pause and then tap Skip.
When the General Survey software reaches the end of a rounds list in which points have been skipped, the following message appears:
Observe skipped points?
Tap Yes to observe the points that were skipped during that round. The observations can be skipped again if required. Tap No to end the round.
If a point is skipped in one round, all subsequent rounds continue to prompt for observations to that point.
When one observation from a pair of face 1 and face 2 observations has been skipped, the unused observation is automatically deleted by the General Survey software. Deleted observations are stored in the General
Survey database and can be undeleted. Undeleted observations can be processed in the office software, but are not automatically used to recompute Mean Turned Angle (MTA) records in the General Survey software.
Backsight observations cannot be skipped using the Skip obstructed foresights option.
Residuals screen
At the end of each round, the Residuals screen appears. For more information, see
or
After you measure rounds, Std Dev becomes available in the Residuals screen. To view the standard deviations of the observations for each point, tap Std Dev.
Notes
•
To change the residual display view, use the drop-down list in the Residuals screen.
•
During a station setup plus or resection, nothing is stored to the job until you tap Close and Store to complete the station setup.
Point - Residuals screen
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The Point - Residuals screen shows the residuals for the individual observations to a particular point. For
more information, see Station setup plus or
Note - If you have measured both face 1 and face 2 observations to a point, when you turn off a face 1 observation, you also turn off the corresponding face 2 observation. Similarly, when you turn off a face 2 observation, you also turn off the corresponding face 1 observation.
Point details screen
The Point details screen shows the point name, code, backsight status, target height, prism constant, mean observation, and standard errors for the observed point. For more information, see
or
Automated rounds
The Automate rounds option is available for Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station and
5600 instruments. When you select Automate rounds, the instrument automatically completes all rounds after the rounds list has been built.
If you tap + Round after the instrument has completed the required number of rounds, the instrument performs one more round of observations. If you want the instrument to perform more than one extra round, enter the total number of required rounds before you tap + Round.
For example, to measure three rounds automatically, and then measure another three rounds:
1. Enter 3 in the Number of rounds field.
2. Once the instrument has measured 3 rounds, enter 6 in the Number of rounds field.
3. Tap + Round. The instrument measures the second group of 3 rounds.
Note - Targets observed without Autolock are automatically paused.
Station Elevation
In a conventional survey, use the station elevation function to determine the elevation of the instrument point by making observations to points with known elevations.
Note - Use only points that can be viewed as grid coordinates. (The station elevation calculation is a grid calculation.)
A station elevation needs at least one of the following:
• one angles and distance observation to a known point, or
• two angles only observations to different points
To perform a station elevation:
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1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. Select Measure / Station elevation. The instrument point name and code appear. If you entered the instrument height during the station setup, that also appears. Otherwise, enter the instrument height now. Tap Accept.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station, tap the advanced pop-up arrow ( ) and then select Bottom notch. Enter the height measured to the top ridge of the bottom notch on the instrument.
General Survey corrects this measured slope value to true vertical and adds the offset 0.158 m (0.518
sft) to calculate true vertical to the trunnion axis.
Note - If you select Bottom notch, the minimum slope distance (Hm) that you can enter is 0.300
meters. This is approximately the minimum slope distance that can be physically measured. If this minimum is too low, you must measure to the top mark.
3. Enter the point name, code, and target details for the point with the known elevation. Tap Measure.
Once the measurement is stored, the Point residuals appear.
4. From the Point residuals screen, tap one of the following softkeys:
♦
+ Point, to observe additional known points
♦
Details, to view or edit point details
♦
Use, to enable or disable a point
5. To view the station elevation result, tap Close in the Point residuals screen. To accept the result, tap
Store.
Note - The elevation determined through this station elevation method overwrites any existing elevation for the instrument point.
Resection
In a conventional survey, the resection function is used to perform a station setup and determine coordinates for an unknown point by making observations to known backsight points. The General Survey software uses a least-squares algorithm to compute the resection.
Note - To determine the elevation of a point with known 2D coordinates, perform a station elevation once you have completed a station setup.
A resection needs at least one of the following:
•
Two angles and distance observations to different backsight points
•
Three angles-only observations to different backsight points
•
One angles and distance observation to a close-by point and one angles-only observation to a backsight point. This is a special case called eccentric station setup.
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Warning - Do not compute a resection point using WGS84 control and then change the coordinate system or perform a site calibration. If you do, the resection point will be inconsistent with the new coordinate system.
For more details, see:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Performing a resection
To perform a resection:
1. From the main menu, select Measure / <Style name> / Resection.
Note - If you have only one style, it is automatically selected.
2.
Set the corrections associated with the instrument.
If the Corrections form does not appear, tap Options and then select the Show corrections on startup check box.
3. Enter an instrument point name and instrument height, if applicable.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station, tap the advanced pop-up arrow ( ) and then select Bottom notch. Enter the height measured to the top ridge of the bottom notch on the instrument.
General Survey corrects this measured slope value to true vertical and adds the offset 0.158 m (0.518
sft) to calculate true vertical to the trunnion axis.
Note - If you select Bottom notch, the minimum slope distance (Hm) that you can enter is 0.300
meters. This is approximately the minimum slope distance that can be physically measured. If this minimum is too low, you must measure to the top mark.
Note - Once the resection is started you cannot enter a different instrument height.
4. Set the Compute station elevation check box and then tap Accept.
Note - For a 2D or planimetric survey, clear the Compute station elevation check box. No elevations is calculated
Warning - Before you continue, tap Options and make sure that the Face order setting is correct.
You cannot change this setting after you start measuring points.
5. Enter the first backsight point name and the target height, if applicable.
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When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble prism base, tap the advanced pop-up arrow (
) and then select Bottom notch.
Note - In a resection, you can only use backsight points that can be viewed as grid coordinates. This is because the resection calculation is a grid calculation.
6. Choose an option in the Method field.
7. Sight the target and then tap Measure.
8. Measure further points.
Note - To include foresight points during resection, clear the Backsight check box. Foresight points do not contribute to the resection result.
When two measurements have been completed, the General Survey software can provide navigation information for further points, and a Navigate softkey is available. Tap Navigate to navigate to another point.
9. When there is enough data for the General Survey software to calculate a resected position, the
Resection residuals screen appears.
Resection - Residuals screen
The Resection residuals screen lists the residuals for each point observed in the resection.
Use the Resection residuals screen to do the following:
•
To observe more points, tap + Point.
•
To view the resection results, tap Close.
•
To store the resection, tap Close and then tap Store.
•
To view/edit the details of a point, highlight the point and then tap Details.
•
To view/edit the residuals of each individual observation to a point, tap the point in the list once.
•
To start measuring rounds of observations to the points, tap End face.
Tips
•
To highlight an item in a list, tap and hold the item for at least half a second.
•
To sort a column in ascending or descending order, tap the column header. Tap the Point column
• header to sort the point in ascending or descending observed order.
To change the residual display view, select an option from the drop-down list in the Residuals screen.
Notes
•
A residual is the difference between the known position and the observed position of the backsight
• point(s).
A foresight point that does not yet exist in the database has null residuals in the Residuals form.
•
You cannot add the same point to a resection more than once. To take further measurements to points
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•
Within Station setup plus or Resection, the maximum number of points in a round is 25.
Point - Residuals screen
The Point residuals screen lists the residuals for each observation to a point in the resection.
Use the Point residuals screen to do the following:
•
To disable an observation, highlight it and then tap Use.
•
To view the details of an observation, highlight it and then tap Details.
•
To return back to the Resection residuals screen, tap Back.
Note - If you have measured face 1 and face 2 observations to a point, turning off the observation for one face will also turn off the observation to the other face.
Warning - If you turn off some (but not all) of the observations to a backsight point, the solution for the resection will be biased because there will be a different number of observations to each backsight point.
Point details screen
The Point details screen shows the mean observation for a point in the resection.
Use the Point details screen to do the following:
• change whether the horizontal component or the vertical component of a point will be used in the
• resection calculation change the target height and/or prism constant for all observations to that point
Note - You can only change which components of a point will be used in the resection calculation if you have selected the compute station elevation option, and the observed point has a 3D grid position.
The Used for field shows the point components used in the resection calculation. See the following table.
Option
H (2D)
V (1D)
H,V (3D)
Description
Use only the horizontal values for that point in the calculation
Use only the vertical values for that point in the calculation
Use both the horizontal and vertical values for that point in the calculation
Resection results screen
The Resection results screen shows information about the resection solution.
Use the Resection results screen to do the following:
•
To return to the Resection residuals screen, tap Esc.
•
To store the resection, tap Store.
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Note - During a resection, nothing is stored in the job until you tap Store in the Results screen.
Resection is complete.
Eccentric station setup
You can use the resection function to perform an eccentric station setup, where the station setup is performed in view of a close-by control point and in view of at least one backsight point. For example, use this setup if you cannot set up over the control point, or you cannot see any backsight points from the control point.
An eccentric station setup needs at least one angles and distance observation to a close-by control point, and one angles-only observation to a backsight point. Additional backsight points can also be observed during an eccentric station setup. You can measure backsight points with angles-only observations or with angles and distance observations.
For more information, see:
•
Measuring Rounds in Station setup plus or Resection
•
•
Refline
Refline is the process of establishing the position of an occupied point relative to a baseline. To perform a refline station establishment, take measurements to two known or unknown baseline definition points. Once this occupation point is defined, all subsequent points are stored in terms of the baseline using station and offset. This method is often used when setting out buildings parallel to other objects or boundaries.
To perform a Refline station setup:
1. From the main menu, select Measure / <Style name> / Refline.
2.
Set the corrections associated with the instrument.
If the Corrections form does not appear, tap Options and then select the Show corrections on startup check box.
3. Enter an Instrument point name and Instrument height, if applicable.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station, tap the advanced pop-up arrow ( ) and then select Bottom notch. Enter the height measured to the top ridge of the bottom notch on the instrument.
General Survey corrects this measured slope value to true vertical and adds the offset 0.158 m (0.518
sft) to calculate true vertical to the trunnion axis.
Note - If you select Bottom notch, the minimum slope distance (Hm) that you can enter is 0.300
meters. This is approximately the minimum slope distance that can be physically measured. If this
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minimum is too low, you must measure to the top mark.
4. Tap Accept.
5. Enter the Point 1 name, and Target height.
•
If point 1 has known coordinates, the coordinates are displayed.
•
If point 1 does not have known coordinates, default coordinates are used. Select Options to change the default coordinates.
6. Tap Meas 1 to measure the first point.
7. Enter the Point 2 name, and Target height.
•
If point 1 has known coordinates, a point with known coordinates can be used for point 2.
•
If point 1 does not have known coordinates then a point with known coordinates can not be used at
• point 2.
If point 1 does not have known coordinates, the default coordinates are used. Select Options to change
• the default coordinates.
If point 1 and point 2 had known coordinates the computed refline azimuth is displayed, otherwise the default azimuth 0° is displayed.
8. Enter a Refline azimuth, if applicable.
9. Tap Meas 2 to measure the second point.
The instrument point coordinates are displayed.
10. Tap Store to complete the refline station establishment.
Once the Refline setup is stored, all subsequent points are stored in terms of the baseline as a station and offset.
If a line does not already exist, one is automatically created between the two points, using the naming scheme "<Point 1 name>-<Point 2 name>". You can enter the Start station and Station interval.
If the line between the two points does already exist, the existing stationing is used and cannot be modified.
Note - In a refline station establishment, you can only use existing points that can be viewed as grid coordinates. This is because the refline calculation is a grid calculation. You can use 2D and 3D grid coordinates to define the baseline.
Measure 3D axes
To measure a point relative to a 3D axis using General Survey and a conventional instrument:
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. From the Measure menu, select Measure 3D axes.
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3. Key in or measure the two points that define a 3D axis.
Tip - To measure a point, tap the pop-up menu button on the point name field and select Measure from the list of options displayed.
4. Tap Options to select the format of the delta display for the points measured relative to the axis.
The content and format of the delta display is controlled by XSLT style sheets. Translated default
XSLT Measure 3D Axes Style Sheet (*.3ds) files are included with the language files, and accessed by General Survey from the language folders. You can create new formats in the office and then copy them to the [Systems files] folder on the controller.
5. Tap Next.
The instrument is automatically put into TRK mode. When General Survey receives a distance, the deltas fields are automatically updated.
If you are not measuring to a prism, use Instrument functions to set DR mode.
You can accept the TRK measurement, or tap Measure to take an STD measurement.
The General Survey software reports the coordinates and elevation for the measured point, and the orthogonal and vertical deltas for the point relative to the 3D axis. The following diagram and table describes the reported deltas using the default format.
1 Point 1 defining the 3D axis 5 Vertical offset to vertical point on 3D axis
2 Point 2 defining the 3D axis 6 Radial offset to vertical point on 3D axis
3 Measured point 7 Perpendicular offset to orthogonal point on 3D axis
4 Horizontal offset to 3D axis 8 Radial offset to orthogonal point on 3D axis
General Survey also reports the:
♦ distance from Point 1 and Point 2 to the calculated orthogonal point on the 3D axis
♦ distance from Point 1 and Point 2 to the calculated vertical point on the 3D axis
♦ coordinates and elevation for the calculated orthogonal and vertical points on the 3D axis
6. To store the measurement, enter a Point name, and a Code , if required, and then tap Store.
You can continue to measure and store additional points.
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Tip - Tap Back to define a new 3D axis or to change the deltas display format.
Notes
♦
Descriptions and Attributes are not supported.
♦
The style sheet that you selected in Measure / Measure 3D axes is used when displaying 3D
♦ axes records in Jobs / Review job.
If points 1 and 2 define a vertical axis, all vertical deltas show as null (?).
Station setup plus, Resection, and Rounds Options
There are up to four main settings that control the order in which the observations are taken, and how many observations are made during Station setup plus, Resection, and Rounds:
•
•
•
Sets per point
•
Face order options
•
F1 only - observations are taken only on face 1
•
F1... F2... - all face 1 observations are taken to all points and then all face 2 observations are taken to
• all points
F1/F2... - face 1 and then face 2 observations are taken to the first point, face 1 and then face 2 observations are taken to the next point, and so on
Observation order options
•
123.. 123
•
123.. 321
When the Face order is set to F1... F2... :
•
123.. 123 - observations on face 2 are taken in the same order as the observations on face 1
•
123.. 321 - observations on face 2 are taken in the reverse order to the observations on face 1
When the Face order is set to F1 only or F1/F2 :
•
123.. 123 - each round of observations is taken in the same order
•
123.. 321 - every alternate round of observations is taken in the opposite order
Number of rounds option
This option controls the number of complete rounds of observations that are are taken to each point.
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Skipping Observations
When using Automate rounds you can configure the software to automatically skip obstructed foresight targets.
If the instrument cannot measure the point and Skip obstructed foresights is enabled, it skips that point and moves onto the next point in the rounds list.
If the instrument cannot measure the point and Skip obstructed foresights is disabled, a message appears after
60 seconds to indicate that the prism is obstructed.
The General Survey software continues to try to measure to the target until instructed to skip the point. To do this, tap Ok for the obstructed prism message, tap Pause and then tap Skip.
When the General Survey software reaches the end of a rounds list in which points have been skipped, the following message appears:
Observe skipped points?
Tap Yes to observe the points that were skipped during that round. The observations can be skipped again if required. Tap No to end the round.
If a point is skipped in one round, all subsequent rounds continue to prompt for observations to that point.
When one observation from a pair of face 1 and face 2 observations has been skipped, the unused observation is automatically deleted by the General Survey software. Deleted observations are stored in the General
Survey database and can be undeleted. Undeleted observations can be processed in the office software, but are not automatically used to recompute Mean Turned Angle (MTA) records in the General Survey software.
Backsight observations cannot be skipped using the Skip obstructed foresights option.
Automate rounds
The Automate rounds option is available for Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station and
5600 instruments. When you select Automate rounds, the instrument automatically completes all rounds after the rounds list has been built.
A 3-second delay between automated rounds enables you to check the standard deviations before the next round starts automatically.
If a target has been blocked, the instrument tries to measure the point for up to 60 seconds. After 60 seconds has elapsed it skips the observation and moves to the next point in the rounds list.
If you tap + Round after the instrument has completed the required number of rounds, the instrument performs one more round of observations. If you want the instrument to perform more than one extra round, enter the total number of required rounds before you tap + Round.
For example, to measure three rounds automatically, and then measure another three rounds:
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1. Enter 3 in the Number of rounds field.
2. Once the instrument has measured 3 rounds, enter 6 in the Number of rounds field.
3. Tap + Round. The instrument measures the second group of 3 rounds.
Note - Manually observed targets are automatically paused.
Continuous topo - Conventional
Use the Continuous topo function to measure points continuously.
A point is stored when one of the following conditions occurs:
• a predefined time has elapsed
• a predefined distance has been exceeded
• both predefined time and/or distance settings have been met
• a predefined stop time and distance settings have been met
To measure Continuous topo points:
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. From the main menu, select Measure / Continuous topo.
3. Enter a value in the Start point name field. This increments automatically.
4. Enter a value in the Target height field.
5. In the Method field, select Fixed distance, Fixed time, Time and distance, or Time or Distance.
6. Enter a value in the Distance field and/or the Time interval field, depending on which method you are using.
7. Tap Start to start recording data and then move along the feature to be surveyed.
8. To stop measuring continuous points, tap End.
Tip - To store a position before the predefined conditions have been met, tap Store.
Synchronous and non-synchronous angles and distances
Continuous topo with a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station uses only synchronous angles and distances.
To measure Continuous topo points using the Stop and go method:
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. From the main menu, select Measure / Continuous topo.
3. Enter a value in the Start point name field. This increments automatically.
4. Enter a value in the Target height field.
5. In the Method field select Stop and go.
6. Enter a value in the Stop time field for the period of time the target must be stationary before the
51
instrument starts to measure the point.
The user is deemed to be stationary when their velocity is less than 5 cm/sec.
7. Enter a value in the Distance field for the minimum distance between points.
When you use an instrument that has a tracklight that has been enabled, the tracklight will be disabled for 2 seconds when the measured point has been stored.
Surface Scan
Surface scanning is an automated direct reflex (DR) measuring process where measurements are automatically stored along a remote surface that you have defined.
To perform a surface scan using General Survey:
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. From the Survey menu, select Surface scan.
3. Enter the Start point name and code (if necessary).
4. In the Method field, select a measurement method.
5. Define the area for the scan and grid interval.
6. Tap the instrument icon to access Instrument functions and set the EDM measurement method (TRK is fastest).
The total number of points to scan, scan grid dimensions, and estimated scan time are displayed.
Change the scan size, step sizes or EDM measurement method to increase or decrease the number of points and scan time.
7. Tap Start.
To define the scan area, do one of the following:
•
If the point already exists, enter the point name, or use menu arrow to select it from the list.
•
From the pop-up menu in the Top left and Bottom right fields select Fast fix or Measure to measure and store points that define the limits of the search.
Define the scan area with one of the following methods.
HA VA interval - Use this method on complex surfaces when you cannot use a rectangular plane to approximate the surface you are scanning (see the following diagram):
1. Aim to the top left corner of the scan area (1) and measure a point.
2. Aim to the bottom right corner of the scan area (2) and measure another point.
3. Define the angular grid interval, where:
3 is the Horizontal angle
52
4 is the Vertical angle
Tip - To define a Horizontal only scan of a 360° scan area, set the Top left and Bottom right points to the same name, and set the VA interval to null.
Rectangular plane - Use this method on a plane surface where you need a regular grid interval. General
Survey determines the angle of the plane, and uses this and the grid interval to approximate how far to turn the instrument for each subsequent point (see the following diagram):
1. Aim to the first corner of the scan area (1) and measure a point.
2. Aim to the second corner of the scan area (2) and measure another point.
3. Aim to the third point on the opposite side of the plane (3) and measure a point.
4. Define the distance grid interval, where:
4 is the Horizontal distance
5 is the Vertical distance
53
Line and offset - Use this method to define the area to scan from a center line that has equal offsets to the left and right. General Survey defines the surface using horizontal offsets perpendicular to the center line. The software then uses this definition and the station interval to determine approximately how far to turn the instrument for each subsequent point (see the following diagram):
1. Do one of the following:
•
Two point method:
1. Aim to the start point of the center line (1) and measure a point.
2. Aim to the end point of the center line (2) and measure another point. These two points (1 and
2) define the center line.
•
Access the pop-up menu in the Start point field. Change the method and then define the line by a start point with azimuth and length.
2. Define the station interval (3).
3. Define the maximum offset distance (4).
4. Define the offset interval (5).
General Survey scans the center line first, then the points on the right-hand side, and finally the left-hand side.
Note - With all of the above methods, the defined scan area may not exactly fit the grid interval. There may be an area left over along the scan extents that is smaller than the grid interval. If the width of this area is less than one-fifth of the grid interval, the points along this scan area will not be measured. If the width is more than one-fifth of the grid interval, then an extra point is scanned.
Angles and distance
In a conventional survey, use this measurement method to measure a point by angles and a distance.
Angles only and H.Angle only
In a conventional survey, use this measurement method to measure a point by both a horizontal and vertical angle or by a horizontal angle only.
54
Averaged Observations
In a conventional survey, use the Averaged observations method to:
• increase the measurement precision with a predefined number of observations
• view the associated measurement standard deviations
To measure a point using the Averaged observations method:
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. From the Measure menu, select Measure topo.
3. In the Point name field, enter the name of the point.
4. In the Code field, enter a feature code (optional).
5. Select Averaged observations as the method.
6. Sight the target and tap Measure.
While the instrument is carrying out the measurements, standard deviations are displayed for the horizontal (HA) and vertical (VA) angles, and the slope distance (SD).
7. View the resulting observation data, and the associated standard deviations, in the Store screen.
If acceptable, tap Store.
Note - Use the options available in the Measure topo screen to change the number of observations taken by the instrument using averaged observations.
Angle Offset, H. Angle Offset, and V. Angle Offset
In a conventional survey, there are three angle offset methods that you can use to observe a point that is inaccessible; Angle offset, H. Angle offset, and V. Angle offset.
The Angle offset method holds the horizontal distance from the first observation, and combines this with the horizontal angle and vertical angle from the second observation to create an observation to the offset location.
The V.Angle offset method holds the horizontal distance and horizontal angle from the first observation, and combines this with the vertical angle from the second observation to create an observation to the offset location.
The H.Angle offset method holds the slope distance and vertical angle from the first observation, and combines this with the horizontal angle from the second observation to create an observation to the offset location.
All raw observables from the first and second observations are stored internally in the job file and are available in Custom ASCII Export.
To measure a point using one of the Offset methods:
55
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. From the Measure menu, select Measure topo.
3. In the Point name field, enter the name of the point.
4. In the Code field, enter a feature code (optional).
5. In the Method field, select Angle offset, H. Angle Offset, or V. Angle Offset.
When using the H.Angle offset measurement method, the target height from the first observation is applied to the horizontal angle offset observation.
When using Angle offset or V.Angle offset measurement methods you do not need to enter the Target
height. The offset measurements are to the offset location and the target height is not used in any computations. To ensure that a target height is not applied to the observation, a target height of 0
(zero) is automatically stored to the General Survey software database.
6. Place the target beside the object to be measured, sight the target and then tap Measure.
The first observation is displayed.
Tip - When using Autolock technology and measuring offset points, select the Autolock off for offsets check box. When enabled, Autolock technology is automatically disabled for the offset measurement and then re-enabled after the measurement.
7. Turn to the offset location and then tap Measure. The two observations are combined into one:
•
check box in the survey style, the measurement values appear.
•
Tap Store to store the point.
if you did not select the View before storage check box, the point is stored automatically.
Note - The observation is stored in the database as raw HA, VA, and SD records.
Distance Offset
In a conventional survey, use this observation method when a point is inaccessible but a horizontal distance from the target point to the object can be measured.
Distance offset allows you to offset in one, two, or three distances in one step.
To measure a point using the Distance offset method:
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
2. From the Measure menu, select Measure topo.
3. In the Point name field, enter the name of the point.
4. In the Code field, enter a feature code (optional).
5. In the Method field, select Distance offset.
56
6. In the Target height field, enter the height of the target.
7.
8. Enter the L/R offset (left or right offset) from the target to the object, if applicable.
9. Enter the In/Out offset from the target to the object, if applicable.
10. Enter the V.Dist offset from the target to the object, if applicable.
The following figure shows an example where point 5 is measured with the Offset &Stakeout
directions set to Instrument perspective:
♦ offset to the left (2) of the target (3)
♦ offset out (4) from the instrument station (1)
♦ offset vertically (6)
11. Tap Measure.
If you selected the View before storage check box in the survey style, the observation adjusted for the offset distance appears. Tap Store to store the point.
If you did not select the View before storage check box, the point is stored automatically.
The General Survey software stores the adjusted horizontal angle, vertical angle, and slope distance in the point record, as well as an offset record with the offset measurement details.
Offset &Stakeout directions
The left and right directions used in Distance offset depend on the Offset &Stakeout directions setting.
You can configure this setting in the survey style and also from Options.
When looking from the instrument to the object, an object that is offset to the left when the Offset
&Stakeout directions are set to Instrument perspective is to the left.
When the Offset &Stakeout directions is set to Target perspective, the object is to the right.
When the Offset &Stakeout directions are set to Automatic, the offset and stakeout directions are with respect to the instrument perspective in a Servo survey, and to the target perspective in a Robotic survey.
The measurements are editable in Review job and are always displayed in the perspective in which they were observed. The perspective cannot be changed in review. The measurement is always stored relative to the instrument position.
57
Dual-prism Offset
In a conventional survey, use this measurement method to coordinate a point that cannot be observed directly with a pole in a plumb position.
To measure a point using the dual-prism offset method:
1. As shown in the following diagram, space two prisms (A and B) apart on the range pole. The distance
BC is known.
2. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
or
3. From the Measure menu, select Measure topo.
4. In the Point name field, enter the name of the point.
5. In the Code field, enter a feature code (optional).
6. In the Method field, select Dual-prism offset.
7. Complete the fields as required.
Tip - Enter a suitable Tolerance AB to generate a warning if there is a difference between the keyed-in distance AB between the two prisms and the measured distance AB between the two prisms. Exceeding the tolerance could indicate that the entered distance AB is incorrect, or it could indicate pole movement between the measurement to prism A and the measurement to prism B.
8. Take two measurements (tap Measure).
The General Survey software calculates the obscured position (C) and then stores it as a raw HA VA SD observation.
All raw observations are stored internally in the job file and are available in Custom ASCII Export.
Circular object
In a conventional survey, use this measurement method to calculate the center point of a circular object, such as a water tank or silo. To do this:
1. From the main menu, select Measure and then perform a
58
or
2. From the Measure menu, select Measure topo.
3. Use the Circular object method to measure an angle and distance to the front center face of the circular object.
4. Observe an angles only measurement to the side of the circular object.
From these two measurements General Survey calculates the center point of the circular object and stores it as a raw HA VA SD observation. The radius is also calculated and stored as a note.
Remote Object
In a conventional survey, if the instrument does not support DR mode, or if you cannot measure a distance, use this method to calculate the height and/or width of a remote object. See the following diagram.
1. Start a conventional survey.
2. Select Measure / Measure Topo / Remote object.
3. Measure an angle and distance to the bottom of the remote object (1).
4. Set the method as required.
5. Sight to the Remote point (2).
6. Tap Store to store the observation.
7. To make multiple remote object observations, repeat steps 5 and 6.
Using the first measurement and continuous HA VA angles, General Survey calculates the position of the remote object, showing the width and elevation difference from the base point. The observation to the base of the remote object is stored as an HA, VA, SD. The Remote point is stored as an HA, VA with a computed SD, including the Object height and Object width.
Conventional Instrument - Corrections
You can set the corrections associated with conventional observations.
Note - If you intend to perform a network adjustment in the Trimble Business Center software using data from a conventional survey, make sure that you enter a pressure, temperature and, curvature and refraction
59
correction.
Use the PPM (Parts Per Million) field to specify a PPM correction to be applied to electronic distance measurements. Key in the PPM correction, or enter the pressure and temperature of the surrounding environment and let the General Survey software compute the correction.
Typical pressure ranges are between 500 mbar - 1200 mbar, but when you work in an area with over-pressure (for example, a tunnel), larger pressures up to 3500 mbar are possible.
Note - If you are using a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station, the pressure field is set automatically from the sensor in the instrument. To disable this, tap the advanced pop-up arrow and then clear the From instrument check box.
Use the Curvature and Refraction fields to control curvature and refraction corrections. The earth curvature and refraction corrections are applied to vertical angle observations and therefore have an impact on computed vertical distance values. They also affect the horizontal distance values to a very small extent.
The earth curvature and refraction corrections can be applied independently using the options provided. The earth curvature correction is the most significant correction with a magnitude of approximately 16" per km measured distance (subtracted from the zenith vertical angle).
The magnitude of the refraction correction is affected by the refraction coefficient, which is an estimate of the change in air density along the light path from the instrument to the target. Since this change in air density is affected by factors such as temperature, ground conditions, and the height of the light path over ground, it is very difficult to determine exactly which refraction coefficient to use. If you use typical refraction coefficients such as 0.13, 0.142, or 0.2, the refraction correction results in a correction in the opposite direction to the earth curvature correction with a magnitude of approximately one-seventh of the earth curvature correction.
Note - The DC file format only supports a curvature and refraction correction that are both off, or both on, and when on, either with a coefficient of 0.142 or 0.2. When settings other than these are used in the General
Survey software, the settings exported to the DC file will be a best match.
Note - Do not set corrections in both devices. To set them in the General Survey software, make sure the instrument settings are null.
For some instruments, the General Survey software automatically checks to see if various corrections (PPM, prism constant, and curvature and refraction) are being applied correctly. If it finds that the corrections are being applied twice, a warning message appears.
In the following table, the * symbol in a field indicates that the correction at the top of that column is applied.
Note - *' applies only to computed coordinates when a station setup has been defined.
Displayed / Stored data
Status line
Corrections applied
C / R PPM PC SL Orient Inst ht Tar ht Proj Cor Stn SF NA POC
-
60
HA VA SD (raw)
HA VA SD
Az VA SD
Az HD VD
HA HD VD
Grid delta Grid
Station and offset
DC file (observations)
-
DC file (reduced coordinates)
*
-
*
*
JobXML (observations)
JobXML (reduced coordinates)
Survey Basic
*
*
*
*
-
*
*
*
-
* * -
* * -
* * -
* * -
* * *
-
* * *
* * *
-
* * *
-
* * *
* * *'
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
*
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
-
*
-
-
*
*
-
-
*
*
*
*
*
-
*
-
-
*
*
-
-
*
*
*
*
*'
-
*
-
-
*
*
-
-
*
*
*
*
*'
-
*
-
-
*
*
-
-
*
*
*
The following table explains the corrections used above.
C / R
Curvature and/or Refraction correction.
PPM
PC
Atmospheric Parts Per Million correction
- PPM is calculated from temperature and pressure.
Prism constant correction.
SL
Sea level (ellipsoid) correction.
- this correction is applied only if a fully defined coordinate system definition is being used; the correction is not applied in the Scale factor only definition.
Orient Orientation correction.
Inst ht Instrument height correction.
Tar ht
Target height correction.
Proj
Cor
Projection correction.
- this includes the application of a scale factor specified in the Scale factor only definition.
Stn SF
NA
POC
Station setup scale factor.
- in any station setup, a scale factor for this setup can be specified or computed. This scale factor is applied in the reduction of all observations from this station setup.
Neighborhood adjustment.
- in a station setup defined using Station setup plus or Resection, a neighborhood adjustment can be applied. The neighborhood adjustment is computed based on the observed residuals to the control points used during the station setup. The adjustment is applied, using the specified exponent value, in the reduction of all observations from this station setup.
Prism offset correction
- only applied when using a Trimble 360° prism or a Trimble MultiTrack target.
-
-
-
-
*
* *
*
*
-
*
-
* *
* *
*
* *
*
* *
*' *
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Target Details
You can configure the details of the target during a conventional survey.
When connected to a conventional instrument the Target icon appears in the status bar. The number next to the target icon indicates the target currently in use. To alternate between targets or to edit the target height and
tap the target icon. To select the target to use, tap the appropriate target in the pop-up list.
You can create up to five non-DR targets.
Tip - To change to a target, select the target name. To edit entries in the Target form, select the target height or prism constant.
Note - If you are using a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station, the Pressure field is set automatically from the sensor in the instrument. To disable this, tap the advanced pop-up arrow and then clear the From instrument check box.
When using Trimble prisms, select the Prism type to automatically define the prism constant. When using non-Trimble prisms, select Custom to manually enter the prism constant.
When the Trimble VX/S Series 360° prism type is selected, the General Survey software applies a correction to the Vertical Angle and Slope Distance to correct for the offset difference between the optical center of the prism and the center line of the rod.
The correction is only significant when observing step vertical angles.
When connected to a DR instrument, Target DR is used to define the DR target height and prism constant. To enable DR, select Target DR. To disable DR and return the instrument to its last state, select target 1 - 5.
When measuring to the bottom notch on a Trimble prism base, tap the advanced pop-up arrow ( ) and then select Bottom notch.
General Survey corrects this measured slope value to true vertical and adds the offset 0.158 m (0.518 sft) to calculate the true vertical height to the center of the prism.
Note - If you select Bottom notch, the minimum slope distance (Hm) that you can enter is 0.300 meters. This is approximately the minimum slope distance that can be physically measured. If this minimum is too low, you must measure to the top mark.
For details, see the following figure and table.
62
0.158m Offset from bottom notch to center of prism.
Hm Measured slope distance.
Hc
HT
Hm corrected from slope to true vertical.
True vertical target height. Hc + 0.158m.
To add a new target:
1. Tap the target icon in the status bar and then tap the height or prism constant for Target 1.
2. In the Target 1 screen, tap Add to create Target 2.
3. Enter the details for Target 2 and then tap Accept.
4. Target 2 now becomes the active target.
To delete a target from the list:
1. Tap the target icon in the status bar and then tap the height or prism constant.
2. In the Target screen, tap Delete. The Target is removed from the list.
Note - You can not delete Target 1 or Target DR.
To edit a target height:
1. Tap the target icon in the status bar.
2. Tap the target height for the target you want to edit.
3. Edit the target details and then tap Accept.
To edit target heights of observations already stored to the job, do one of the following:
•
For a single observation or multiple observations using the same or different targets, use
•
Target tracking with the Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station
63
If you use a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station with search capabilities and a
Trimble VX/S Series 360° prism or a Trimble MultiTrack target, you can configure the software to use an
Active Target ID.
Note - If you use a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station with the Trimble MultiTrack target, you must upgrade the instrument to firmware version R7.0.35 or later. The Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station firmware is available on www.trimble.com.
Note - Active target ID tracking is not available on the Trimble S3 total station.
When using the Trimble MultiTrack target, the Tracking mode can be set to:
•
•
Tracking mode - Passive
If you do not operate in a reflective environment, set the Tracking mode to Passive.
To do this:
1. Tap the target icon on the status bar.
2. Select the Target height or Prism constant field to open the Target form.
3. Set the Prism type to VX/S Series MultiTrack.
4. Set the Tracking mode to Passive.
Tracking mode - Active
If you operate in a highly reflective environment, or on a site with many prisms, set the Tracking mode to
Active to ensure that you maintain constant lock to the correct target.
To do this:
1. Tap the target icon on the status bar.
2. Do one of the following:
•
If available, select the Target ID field.
The Target ID field is available only when you use a Trimble MultiTrack target, and Tracking mode
• is set to Active.
Select the Target height or Prism constant field to open the Target form.
3. Set the Prism type to VX/S Series MultiTrack.
4. Set the Tracking mode to Active.
5. Set the Target ID to match the identification number in the Target ID on the robotic rover.
When using the Trimble VX/S Series 360° prism, the Target ID can be set to:
•
Off - the ID is not checked.
64
•
Search - check the ID when a search is initiated.
•
Search and measure - check the ID when a search is initiated, and when a measurement is initiated.
•
- the ID is constantly being checked by the instrument.
Check the target ID - Search
If you operate in an environment with few reflective surfaces, but you want to ensure that if you do a search you will lock to the correct target, set Check target ID to Search.
To do this:
1. Tap the target icon on the status bar.
2. Do one of the following:
•
If available, select the Target ID field.
The Target ID field is available only when you use an VX/S Series 360° prism, and Check target ID
• is not set to Off.
Select the Target height or Prism constant field to open the Target form.
3. Set the Prism type to VX/S Series 360°.
4. Set the Check target ID to Search.
5. Set the Target ID to match the identification number in the Target ID on the Trimble Standard Rod.
Check the target ID - Search and measure
If you operate in an environment with few reflective surfaces, but you want additional assurance if you do a search or when you measure that you will lock to the correct target, set Check target ID to Search and
measure.
To do this:
1. Tap the target icon on the status bar.
2. Do one of the following:
•
If available, select the Target ID field.
The Target ID field is available only when you use an VX/S Series 360° prism, and Check target ID
• is not set to Off.
Select the Target height or Prism constant field to open the Target form.
3. Set the Prism type to VX/S Series 360°.
4. Set the Check target ID to Search and measure.
5. Set the Target ID to match the identification number set in the Target ID on the Trimble Standard
Rod.
Check the target ID - Always
If you operate in a reflective environment, and require precise elevations set Check target ID to Always to ensure that you maintain constant lock to the correct target.
65
To do this:
1. Tap the target icon on the status bar.
2. Do one of the following:
•
If available, select the Target ID field.
The Target ID field is available only when you use an VX/S Series 360° prism, and Check target ID
• is not set to Off.
Select the Target height or Prism constant field to open the Target form.
3. Set the Prism type to VX/S Series 360°.
4. Set the Check target ID to Always.
5. Set the Target ID to match the identification number in the Target ID on the robotic rover.
Notes
•
When passive tracking is used to maintain vertical lock to the prism, you must be aware that there is a risk of nearby reflective surfaces interfering with the vertical tracking.
For more information on the different Check target ID modes, see Target ID - Target tracking with Trimble
VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station.
Prism Constant
The prism constant (distance offset) must be set for each prism that is used as a target in a conventional survey.
To edit a prism constant:
1. Tap the target icon in the status bar.
2. Tap the prism constant for the target you want to edit.
3. Edit the prism constant details and then tap Accept.
Enter a negative value if the prism constant is to be subtracted from measured distances. Enter the
Prism constant in millimeters (mm).
When using a Trimble VX Spatial Station or Trimble S Series total station, 5600, or 3600 instrument, all corrections are applied in General Survey.
To review or edit the prism constant on previously stored observations, tap Favorites / Review job or tap Jobs
/ Point manager. For more information, see
Measuring a Point in Two Faces
To start a conventional survey in the General Survey software, you must first perform a Station setup using one of the following methods:
66
•
•
•
•
You can observe points using face 1 (direct) and face 2 (reverse) measurements during a station setup and during Measure rounds or Measure topo.
Consider the station setup and the new point measurement method together and choose which to use according to how you want to capture and store the data.
If you only want to use a single backsight (measured on one or both faces), and measure some topo points (on one or both faces), then use Station setup and Measure topo. When you measure on both faces, remember to also measure the backsight on face 2 in Measure topo. Otherwise, all foresights on face 2 will be oriented using the face 1 backsight observation.
If you want to measure multiple backsights, measure multiple rounds, or obtain better quality control of your observations, see below for more information on different station setup and new point measurement methods in General Survey.
Use Station setup plus to:
• measure a single backsight point or multiple backsight points
• measure backsight and foresight points
• pair the face 1 and face 2 observations and create MTA records
• measure face 1 only observations and create MTA records
• measure one or more rounds of observations
• review the quality of the observations and remove bad observations
Use Resection to:
• coordinate the instrument point
• measure multiple backsight points
• measure backsight and foresight points
• pair the face 1 and face 2 observations and create MTA records
• measure face 1 only observations and create MTA records
• measure one or more rounds of observations
• review the quality of the observations and remove bad observations
Use Station setup to:
• perform a station setup with a single backsight measurement on one face only
Notes
•
When measuring points on both faces, use Measure topo to observe the backsight on the other face.
Alternatively, use Measure rounds and include the observation to the backsight point in the rounds.
67
•
When you make topo observations after a Station setup, and you subsequently select Measure rounds, you must reobserve the backsight to include it in the rounds, generate an MTA to the backsight, and
• calculate turned angles from the backsight MTA for all foresight points.
MTAs are not created during Station setup, but are created later if you make further observations to the backsight using Measure topo or Measure rounds.
Notes
•
Standard deviations are only available after the second round of observations.
•
If the station setup has a single backsight (from Station setup or Station setup plus), you can choose
• whether or not to include the backsight point in the rounds list.
If the station setup has multiple backsights (from Station setup plus or Resection), the backsight points
• are not included in the rounds list.
If you do not measure the backsight on face 2, then the horizontal angle face 2 measurements that
• were observed using Measure rounds will not be used when calculating the MTAs.
When you use Measure rounds after a station setup with a single backsight, and you do not include the backsight point in the rounds list, all turned angles are calculated using the backsight observation(s) made during the station setup.
Use Measure topo (after performing a station setup) to:
• measure face 1 or face 2 observations and create MTA records
Note - You can measure multiple rounds using Measure topo. However, Trimble recommends Measure
rounds as a more suitable method to use.
Additional notes about MTA records
•
When you use Station setup plus or Resection, all observations are stored when the station setup is complete. When you use Measure rounds, the observations are stored at the end of each round. In all
• three options, the MTAs are stored at the end.
When you use Measure topo, MTAs are calculated and stored on the fly.
•
You can create MTAs during a station setup using Station setup plus and Resection, and also after a station setup using Measure rounds or Measure topo. When you measure the same point(s) using
Measure rounds or Measure topo after Station setup plus and Resection, the General Survey software may produce two MTAs for the one point. When more than one MTA exists for the same point in one station setup, the General Survey software always uses the first MTA. To avoid having two MTAs for
• the same point, do not use both methods to measure a point.
Once an MTA record is written to the job database, you cannot change it.
•
You can delete a face 1 and face 2 observation but the MTA records are not updated.
•
You cannot delete MTA records in review.
•
In Station setup plus, Resection, or Measure rounds, when you use the F1... F2 or F1/F2... face order,
•
MTAs that are created pair face 1 and face 2 observations.
In Station setup plus, Resection, or Measure rounds, when you use the F1 only face order, MTAs that
• are created group face 1 observations.
In Measure topo, MTAs that are created group together all observations for the same point.
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Advanced Geodetic Support
To enable the following options for Advanced Geodetic support, tap Settings from the Trimble Access menu and then tap Connect / Options.
•
•
Helmert transformation for Resection
Station setup scale factor
When you turn on Advanced Geodetic support, you can apply an additional scale factor to every conventional station setup. All measured horizontal distances are adjusted by this scale factor. To configure the scale factor
settings, select Options during a
This station setup scale factor can be Free (computed) or Fixed. If you have chosen to compute a station setup scale factor, you must observe at least one distance to a backsight during the station setup so that a scale factor can be calculated.
Helmert transformation for Resection
When you turn on Advanced Geodetic support, Resection has an additional computation method called
Helmert transformation. To perform a resection using a Helmert transformation, select Options during a
Resection, and then set the Resection type to Helmert.
Note - The standard resection type is the same as the resection method used when Advanced Geodetics is turned off.
For a Helmert transformation, you must measure distances to the backsight points. The resection calculation will not use a backsight point without a distance measurement.
For more information, see Neighborhood Adjustment.
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Survey - General
Measure Codes
To measure and code Conventional or GNSS observations in one step, select the feature code you want to measure and store from a coding form containing nine buttons that you can define. You can define multiple groups or pages of codes, each consisting of up to nine codes.
In the Measure codes form, if you activate the Code button, it affects the behavior of the nine configurable code buttons. When you then tap one of the configurable code buttons, the code on that button is added to the code field at the bottom of the Measure codes form. Typically, you can use the Code button to combine codes from multiple code buttons where features combine, either from the current group, or a combination of groups. You can also use it to enter a new code.
If a code has attributes, the attribute values appear at the bottom of the Measure codes form. You cannot directly edit these attribute values in the form. To change the attribute values, do one of the following:
•
Tap Attrib in the Measure codes form.
•
Tap Attrib in the Measure topo/Measure points form.
•
If Prompt for attributes is enabled, enter the attributes when prompted.
♦
If you pre-entered attributes using the Attrib softkey, you are not prompted for attributes.
For more information, see Using Feature Codes with Predefined Attributes.
To add a feature code group and assign codes to the buttons:
1. Select Measure / Measure codes and then tap Add group.
2. Enter a Group name and then tap OK.
3. To add a code to a button:
♦
Tap and hold on the button. When the tooltip message appears, remove the stylus from the screen. In the dialog that appears, enter the code, or select a code from the feature code
♦ library.
Navigate to the button using the arrow keys, and then press the Space key, which emulates the
'tap and hold' action.
In the dialog that appears, enter the code, or select a code from the feature code library. Tap OK. The code you entered now appears on the button.
If required, you can also enter additional descriptions.
4. To add another code, or remove a code from a button, repeat Step 3.
5. To add more groups of feature code buttons, tap Add group.
To navigate to a particular group, select it from the drop down list in the top left of the form.
Alternatively, use A - Z to quickly switch to group pages 1 - 26. This method is not available if the
Code button in enabled.
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To measure and code observations using Measure codes:
1. Select Measure / Measure codes.
2. To initiate a measurement, activate the button using one of the following methods:
♦
Tap the button.
♦
Press the numeric key on the controller keyboard corresponding to the button. Keys 7, 8, 9, activate the top row of buttons, keys 4, 5, 6 activate the middle row of buttons, keys 1, 2, 3
♦ activate the bottom row of buttons.
Use the arrows keys on the controller to navigate to the button and then press Enter.
If the code has attributes, the attribute values appear at the bottom of the Measure codes form.
3. To automatically start the measurement when the button is selected, tap Options and then select the
Auto measure check box.
Note - When the method is set to Distance offset, Angles only, and H Angle only, Automeasure is temporarily paused.
4. To configure the position of the highlight for the next code, tap Options and then configure the
Direction of the Template pickup.
5. The code field is set to the code on the button and the measurement is initiated. The measurement is automatically stored depending on the setting in Options:
♦
In a Conventional survey, clear the View before storage check box in the Measure point
options form.
If descriptions were defined on the Measure codes button, the descriptions are also set to the descriptions on the button.
6. Once you store the measurement, the Measure codes form appears, ready for the next measurement.
Tap [Enter] to measure a point with the same code again, or use one of the methods described in step
2 above to measure with a different code.
The Measure topo/Measure points form, where the measurement was initiated, remains open in the background. If you need to change the point name or measurement method, tap Switch to to switch to this form, change the fields as required and then tap Switch to again to return to the Measure codes form.
Using Template pickup
Use the Template pickup feature to automatically move the highlight from the current button to the next button after storing a measurement. Template pickup is particularly useful when coding observations in a regular pattern, for example, across a road template.
To configure template pickup, tap Options and then configure:
•
The template pickup Direction:
♦
Left to right
♦
Right to left
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♦
Zig zag
•
The Number of template elements:
♦
The Number of template elements configured should match the number of elements across the template, and the number of buttons configured in Measure codes.
To skip a code, tap a different button, or use the arrow keys to select an alternative code button.
Notes
•
The first time that you use Measure codes, the measurement may not begin automatically if you have not defined the point name and target height. If this occurs, complete these fields and then tap
•
Measure to begin the measurement.
To change target or antenna heights, tap the target icon in the status bar.
•
During a measurement, you can change the point name, and the target or antenna height and code.
However, you can do this only if you start editing before the observation is stored. Alternatively, tap
Esc as soon as the measurement begins, make the required changes, then tap Measure to restart the
• measurement.
To change the EDM or measurement method, tap Esc during the measurement, make the required
• changes, then tap Measure to restart the measurement.
To change the point name or measurement method before you start a measurement, tap Switch to to switch to the Measure topo/Measure points form, change the fields as required and then tap Switch to
• again to return to the Measure codes form.
To measure a point with a null code, activate a blank code button. Alternatively, tap Code, ensure that
• the code field is empty and then tap Measure.
To store a note with an observation, tap .
•
To delete an entire group of codes, select the group and then tap Delete.
Stringing support
Measure codes has '+' and '-' softkeys that enable you to apply a suffix to the code on the button. This is useful when you use the stringing method for feature coding.
You can configure the suffix to 1, 01, 001, or 0001.
When the suffix is configured to 01, tap '+' to increase the code "Fence" to "Fence01". Tap '-' to decrease the code by 01.
Tap Find to find the next available string for the currently highlighted button.
Attributes and Base codes
You can configure the General Survey software to provide attributes for the complete code, or from a portion of the code - the "base code".
Typically, base codes are used when you use the '+' and '-' softkeys to "string" feature codes. For example, when you code a fence where all observations coded "Fence01" are joined together and all observations coded
"Fence02" are joined together, and so on, and they all have the same attributes. In this example, you can create feature code libraries that contain all the "Fence**" codes, or contain just the base code "Fence".
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If you do not string codes, or if you do string codes but you include the entire code in the feature code library, then you are not using base codes. Disable Use attributes of base code (clear the check box).
If you do string codes, and the feature library includes only the base code, then enable Use attributes of base
code (select the check box).
In the General Survey software, you can use the extra power of Measure codes to create a button that contains a numeric or alpha-numeric code (the base code) and then append a numeric suffix using the ‘+’ or ‘-’ softkeys. For codes entered into any other code field in the General Survey software, you cannot use the ‘+’ or
‘-’ softkeys to append a suffix, so when you use base codes, the software can only attempt to determine the base code by stripping the numeric characters from the end of the codes.
The following rules help to explain the base code:
•
In Measure codes:
1. When Use attributes of base code is disabled, the code displayed on a button is the base code.
◊
Enter "Fence", string the code to become "Fence01", the attributes are derived from
"Fence01".
2. When Use attributes of base code is enabled, the code entered on a button is the base code.
◊
Enter "Fence", string the code to become "Fence01", the attributes are derived from
"Fence".
3. If you edit or change the code on a button, the base code resets, using rule 1 or rule 2 above.
4. If you change the configuration of the Use attributes of base code setting, the base code resets, using rule 1 or rule 2 above.
5. When Measure codes ‘passes’ the code to the Measure topo, or Measure points system, the base code from within Measure codes is retained.
•
In any other code field of the General Survey software:
1. When Use attributes of base code is disabled, the code entered is the base code.
2. When Use attributes of base code is enabled, the base code is determined by ‘internally’ stripping any numeric characters from the end of the code.
3. When Use attributes of base code is enabled, and you edit a code that is ‘passed’ from
Measure codes, the base code is re-derived by ‘internally’ stripping any numeric characters from the end of the code.
Notes
•
If you use attributes and numeric codes with a string suffix, you must use Measure codes to define the suffix and start the measurement. Measure codes understands where the code ends and the suffix starts. If you do not use Measure codes, the entire numeric code + suffix will be treated as the code,
• the suffix cannot be determined, and attributes for the base code will not be available.
To configure Use attributes of base code, from within Measure codes, use the up arrow softkey to
• select Options, and then select the check box as required.
The Use attributes of base code setting is configured within Measure codes, but is applied throughout
• the General Survey software.
If you edit the code on a button when Use attributes of base code is disabled, the entire code from the
• code button is displayed in the Edit field.
If you edit the code on a button when Use attributes of base code is enabled, the base code is displayed in the Edit field.
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♦
The code on the button is "Fence01" and the base code is "Fence". If you edit this code, the base code "Fence" is displayed.
•
You can string alphanumeric codes when Use attributes of base code is disabled. The code displayed
• on the button is the base code.
You cannot string numeric only codes when Use attributes of base code disabled.
Tip - If you use multiple codes with attributes, enter all the codes before you enter the attributes.
Sharing Measure codes groups between controllers
The groups, and the codes within each group, are stored in a Measure Codes Database file (*.mcd).
If you use a feature library, the Measure Codes Database file (*.mcd) is tied to that feature library and has a matching name. If you use the same feature library on other controllers, you can copy the *.mcd file to use in the other controllers. To use the feature library *.mcd file, you must assign the feature library to the job.
If you do not use a feature library, a [Default.mcd] file is created. The [Default.mcd] file can also be copied to other controllers. When the General Survey software does not have a feature library assigned to a job, the
[Default.mcd] file is used in Measure codes.
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Survey - Stakeout
Stakeout - Configuring the Display Mode
Conventional Surveys
screen displays directions using the conventional instrument as a reference point.
For a conventional survey, you can configure the Stakeout directions and the Display mode of the
Offset &Stakeout directions allows you to configure the stakeout directions to be from an instrument perspective, target perspective, or automatic. Automatic configuration sets the stakeout directions automatically, based on whether you have a servo connection or a robotic connection to the instrument:
Display mode allows you to configure the graphical navigation display.
When the Display mode is set to Direction and distance, the navigation screen displays:
♦
A large arrow pointing in the direction you have to move. When you are close to the point, the arrow changes to the in/out and left/right directions, relative to the instrument.
When the Display mode is set to In/out and left/right, the navigation screen displays:
♦
In/out and left/right directions, with the conventional instrument as a reference point.
To configure the display:
1. From the Trimble Access menu, tap Settings / Connect / Survey styles / <Style name> / Instrument.
2. Set the Offset &Stakeout directions:
♦
Automatic - navigation directions are from Instrument perspective (during a servo
♦ connection), or Target perspective (during a robotic survey).
Instrument perspective (standing behind the instrument) - in/out and left/right navigation directions given from an instrument perspective, looking from the instrument towards the
♦ target.
Target perspective (standing at the target) - in/out and left/right navigation directions given from a target perspective, looking from the target towards the instrument.
3. Tap Accept, and then select Stakeout.
4. Set the Display mode:
♦
Direction and distance - navigate using the large arrow, similar to GNSS stakeout.
When you are close to the point, the display automatically changes to the in/out and left/right
♦ display.
In/out and left/right - navigate using in/out and left/right directions, with the instrument as a reference point.
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5. Choose a setting in the Deltas (points) and Deltas (other) fields. The two deltas fields allow you to configure one deltas default for point stakeout, and the other deltas default for arc, line, alignment and road stakeout.
♦
Distances - navigate to a point using distances only
♦
Delta grid - navigate to a point using delta grid values
♦
Station and offset - navigate to a point using station and offset when staking a line or arc.
When staking to the line or arc the station and offset view displays the Station, H.offset,
V.Dist and the Grade.
When staking to the Station on the line / arc or the Station/offset from line / arc the view displays the Station, H.offset, V.dist, delta Station and delta H.offset.
6. Use the Distance tolerance field to specify the allowable error in distance. If the target is within this distance from the point, the graphical stakeout display indicates that the distance(s) is correct.
7. Use the Angle tolerance field to specify the allowable error in angle. If the conventional instrument is turned away from the point by less than this angle, the graphical stakeout display indicates that the angle is correct.
8. If a DTM file has been transferred into the General Survey software, you can select the Display
cut/fill to DTM check box, and the graphical display screen will display the cut or fill relative to that
DTM. Use the DTM field to specify the name of the DTM to be used. If necessary, specify a vertical offset to raise or lower the DTM.
Alternatively, tap Options from the Stakeout screen to configure the settings for the current survey.
Stakeout - Using the Graphical Display
The graphical display in Stakeout helps you to navigate to a point. The display orientation assumes you are moving forwards at all times.
Conventional
To use the graphical display in a conventional survey:
If you are using the Direction and distance mode:
1. Hold the display screen in front of you as you walk forwards in the direction that the arrow is pointing. The arrow points in the direction of the point.
2. When you get to within 3 meters (10 feet) of the point, the arrow disappears, and the in/out and left/right directions appear, with the instrument as a reference point. Follow the instructions below to navigate in this mode.
If you are using the In/out and left/right mode:
1. The first display shows which way the instrument should be turned, the angle that the instrument should display and the distance from the last point staked to the point currently being staked.
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2. Turn the instrument (two outline arrows will appear when it is on line), and direct the rod person on line.
If you are using a servo instrument, and the Servo auto turn field in the survey style is set to HA &
VA, or HA only the instrument automatically turns to the point.
If you are working robotically, or when the Servo auto turn field in the survey style is set to Off, the instrument does not turn automatically. To turn the instrument to the angle indicated on the screen, tap
Turn.
3. If the instrument is not in TRK mode, tap Measure to take a distance measurement.
4. The display shows how far the person holding the rod should move towards or away from the instrument.
5. Direct the person holding the rod, and take another distance measurement.
6. Repeat steps 2 - 5 until the point has been located (when four outline arrows are displayed), then mark the point.
7. If a measurement to the target is within the angular and distance tolerances, tap Store at any time to accept the current measurement.
If the instrument is in TRK mode and you require a higher precision distance measurement, tap
Measure to take an STD measurement and then tap Store to accept that measurement.
To discard the STD measurement and return the instrument to TRK mode, tap Esc.
If you are operating a robotic instrument remotely from the target:
♦ the instrument automatically tracks the prism as it moves
♦ the instrument continuously updates the graphical display
♦ the graphical display is reversed and the arrows are shown from the target (prism) to the instrument
Stakeout - Options
Configure the stakeout settings when you create or edit a Survey Style.
Select Stakeout and set the
If you do not want the total station EDM set to TRK mode when you enter stakeout, clear the Use TRK for
stakeout check box.
Alternatively, tap Options from the Stakeout screen to configure the settings for the current survey.
If you do not want the point removed from the stake out point list after it has been staked, clear the Remove
staked point from list check box.
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As-Staked Point Details
Configure the As-staked point details either in the Stakeout option, when you create or edit a survey style, or by tapping Options in the Stakeout screen.
,
,
View before storage and Horizontal tolerance
If you want to see the differences between the design point and the as-staked point before you store the point, select the View before storage check box and then choose one of these options:
•
To see the differences every time, set the Horizontal tolerance to 0.000 m.
•
To see the differences only if the tolerance is exceeded, set the Horizontal tolerance to 0.100 m.
Note - The Stake delta values are reported as differences from the measured/as-staked point to the design point.
User definable stakeout reports
The software supports user definable stakeout reports, which enable you to configure the display of staked information on the Confirm staked deltas screen that appears when you enable View before storage.
User definable stakeout reports can offer the following benefits:
• important information can be displayed first
• the data can be ordered to suit the user's requirements
• information that is not required can be removed
• additional data can be computed for display, for example by applying construction offsets to reported
• values the point design elevation can be edited after the stake out measurement is completed
• up to 10 extra design elevations with individual vertical offset values can be defined and edited, with the cut/fill to each extra design elevation being reported
Formatting of the staked deltas screen also supports the following settings:
• the size of the font for prompts
• the size of the font for reported values
• the color of the font for prompts
• the color of the font for reported values
• widescreen on or off
The content and format of the stakeout reports is controlled by XSLT style sheets. Translated default XSLT
Stakeout Style Sheet (*.sss) files are included with the language files, and accessed by the software from the language folders. You can create new formats in the office and then copy them to the [System files] folder on the controller.
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From the Staked deltas format field, select an appropriate display format.
The following list shows the translated stakeout reports that are supplied with the language files, and the support offered by those reports:
•
Point - Stake markup
♦
Provides a simplified stakeout display that presents the vertical distance (cut/fill) to the design point. The vertical distance to a DTM will also be displayed if applicable.
•
Point - Stake multiple elevs
♦
Provides a stakeout display that allows you to edit the point design elevation (the cut/fill value will be updated) and entry of up to two extra design elevations with associated vertical offsets and updated cut/fill values.
•
Line - Stake markup
♦
Provides a simplified stakeout display that presents the vertical distance (cut/fill) to the design position. The appropriate station and offset values are reported, based on the selected line stakeout method.
As-staked name and As-staked code
You can set the name of the As-staked point to be one of the following:
• the next Auto point name
• the Design point name (not available for roads)
You can also set the code of the As-staked point to be one of the following:
•
Design name
•
Design code
•
Last code used
•
Design station and offset
Store grid deltas
Set the Store grid deltas check box. Do one of the following:
•
Select the check box to display and store the delta northing, delta easting, and delta elevation during
• stakeout.
Clear the check box to display and store the deltas as a horizontal distance, vertical distance, and azimuth.
Note - If you use a user definable stakeout report, the Store grid deltas option is not used, unless it is referenced in your report.
Stakeout - Points
There are many ways to stake a point. Select the method that suits you best:
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•
•
•
From
Stakeout / Points - single point
•
From
Stakeout / Points - using a list
•
From
Stakeout / Points - using a CSV/TXT file
For more information, see:
•
To stake a single point from the Map:
1. From the map, do one of the following:
♦
Select the point to be staked out and then tap Stakeout.
♦
Double-tap the point to be staked.
•
In a conventional survey:
♦
To change the target height, tap the target icon in the status bar, tap the antenna height field and then enter the new value in the screen that appears. Tap Accept.
3.
Locate the point using the graphical display and then mark it.
If required, edit the design elevation.
4. When the point has been marked, you can measure it as an as-staked point by tapping Accept or
Measure.
5. When the point has been stored, you are returned to the map. The selection of the point that was just staked has been removed. Select another point to stake and then repeat the process.
To stake a group of points from the Map:
1. From the map, select the point(s) to be staked out. Tap Stakeout.
If you have selected more than one point from the map for staking out, the Stake out points screen appears. Go to the next step. If you have selected one point from the map, go to step 4.
2. The Stake out points screen lists all points selected for stakeout. To add more points to the list, do one of the following:
♦
Tap Map and then select the required points from the map. Tap Stakeout to return to the Stake
♦
out points screen.
Tap Add and then add points using one of the methods listed
to add more points to the list.
4. To select a point for stake out, do one of the following:
♦
Tap the point name.
♦
Use the controller arrow keys to highlight the point and then tap Stakeout.
•
In a conventional survey:
♦
To change the target height, tap the target icon in the status bar, tap the antenna height field and then enter the new value in the screen that appears. Tap Accept.
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6.
Locate the point using the graphical display, and then mark it.
If required, edit the design elevation.
7. When the point has been marked, you can measure it as an as-staked point by tapping Accept or
Measure.
8. When the point has been stored, the point is removed from the stake out list and you are returned to the stake out point list. Select the next point and then repeat the process.
To stake a single point from the Stakeout menu:
1. From the main menu, select Stakeout / Points.
2. Make sure that you are in the stake a single point mode:
♦
If a Point name field is displayed, stake out point is in the stake a single point mode.
♦
If a stake out point list is displayed, stake out point is in the stake from a list mode. Tap >
Point to change to the stake a single point mode.
3. Enter the name of the point to stake, or tap the pop-up arrow and then select a point using one of the following methods:
List
Method Description
Select from a list of all points in the current job and linked files.
Select from a filtered list of all points in the current job and linked files.
Key in Key in the coordinates of the point to stake.
Tip - Tap Closest to automatically populate the Point name field with the name of the closest point.
Closest searches the current job and all linked files to find the closest point that is not an as-staked point or a design point for the as-staked points.
4. Enter the Point increment and then tap Stakeout. Do one of the following:
♦
To return to the stake out point screen after staking a point, enter an increment of 0 or ?.
♦
To stay in the graphical stake out display and automatically increment to the next point, enter a valid increment value.
If a point does not exist using the increment specified, you return to this form after staking a point.
You can use a decimal point increment, for example 0.5. You can also increment the numeric component of a point name that ends in alpha characters, for example, you can increment 1000a by 1 to 1001a. To do this, tap the advanced pop-up arrow on the point increment field and then clear the
Apply to numeric only setting.
•
In a conventional survey:
♦
To change the target height, tap the target icon in the status bar, tap the antenna height field and then enter the new value in the screen that appears. Tap Accept.
6.
Locate the point using the graphical display, and then mark it.
If required, edit the design elevation.
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7. When the point has been marked, you can measure it as an as-staked point by tapping Accept or
Measure.
8. When the point has been stored, the increment value is used to determine the next point to stake:
♦
If the next point using the increment value exists, you remain in the stake out graphics screen
♦ with the navigation details updated for the next point.
If the next point does not exist, you return to the stake out point screen where you can enter the name of the next point to stake.
Tip - When using stake a single point mode, you can still use a stake point list to ensure that you stake all required points. To do this, build the stake list, make sure that Remove staked point from list is enabled, and stake points using the stake a single point mode. As points are staked they will be removed from the stake list.
Tap > List as required to check which points still need to be staked.
To stake a group of points from the stake out menu:
1. From the main menu, select Stakeout / Points.
2. Make sure that you are in the stake out list mode:
♦
If a stake out point list is displayed, stake out point is in the stake from a list mode.
♦
If a Point name field is displayed, stake out point is in the stake a single point mode. Tap >
List to change to the stake from a list mode.
3. The Stake out points screen lists all points selected for stake out. The list may already contain points that were added to the list previously but not staked out.
Tap Add and add points using one of the
methods listed to add more points to the list.
4. To select a point for stake out, do one of the following:
♦
Tap the point name.
♦
Use the controller arrow keys to highlight the point and then tap Stakeout.
•
In a conventional survey:
♦
To change the target height, tap the target icon in the status bar, tap the antenna height field and then enter the new value in the screen that appears. Tap Accept.
6.
Locate the point using the graphical display, and then mark it.
If required, edit the design elevation.
7. When the point has been marked, you can measure it as an as-staked point by tapping Accept or
Measure.
8. When the point has been stored, the point is removed from the stake out list and you are returned to the stake out point list. Select the next point and then repeat the process.
To stake out points from a CSV/TXT file or another Job
There are many ways to stake out points in a linked file; from linked points displayed in the map,
or using various methods to
This section describes how to build a stake out list from a CSV/TXT or Job file that does not need to be linked:
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1. From the main menu, select Stakeout / Points.
2. Make sure that you are in the stake out list mode:
♦
If a stake out point list is displayed, stake out point is in the stake from a list mode.
♦
If a Point name field is displayed, stake out point is in the stake a single point mode. Tap >
List to change to the stake from a list mode.
3. Tap add and choose Select from file.
4. Choose the file from which to select points to add to the stake out list. Do one of the following:
♦
Tap the file.
♦
Use the controller arrow keys to highlight the file and then tap Accept.
5. If
Advanced geodetics is enabled, and you select a CSV or TXT file, you must specify if the points in
the linked file are Grid points or Grid (local) points.
♦
Select Grid points if the points in the CSV/TXT file are grid points.
♦
Select Grid (local) points if the points in the CSV/TXT file are Grid (local) points and then select the input transformation to transform them to grid points.
◊
To assign the transformation later, select Not applied, this will be defined later, and
◊ then tap Accept.
To create a new display transformation, select Create new transformation, tap Next
◊ and then complete the required steps.
To select an existing display transformation, select Select transformation, select the display transformation from the list and then tap Accept.
6. All the points in the selected file are listed. To check the points that are to be added to the list, do one of the following:
♦
Tap All. A check mark appears beside every name.
♦
Tap the point names. A check mark appears beside the name of each point that you selected.
Note - Points in the CSV/TXT/JOB file that are already in the stake out list do not appear and cannot be added again to the list.
7. Tap Add to add the points to the stake out list.
4. To select a point for stake out, do one of the following:
♦
Tap the point name.
♦
Use the controller arrow keys to highlight the point and then tap Stakeout.
•
In a conventional survey:
♦
To change the target height, tap the target icon in the status bar, tap the antenna height field and then enter the new value in the screen that appears. Tap Accept.
10.
Locate the point using the graphical display, and then mark it.
If required, edit the design elevation.
11. When the point has been marked, you can measure it as an as-staked point by tapping Accept or
Measure.
12. When the point has been stored, the point is removed from the stake out list and you are returned to the stake out point list. Select the next point and then repeat the process.
Notes
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•
The cross-track function creates a line between the point to be staked out and one of the following: a fixed point, the start position, the last point staked, or a reference azimuth. The General Survey software displays this line, and an extra field (Go left or Go right), in the graphical stake out screen
• gives the offset to the line.
When the Deltas field is set to Station and offset the Go left or Go right field shows the same
• information as the H.Offset field.
When the Deltas is set to Station and offset and the Stake method is set to Relative to azimuth, the Go
left or Go right field is replaced by the delta Elev (to last) staked point field.
To add points to the Stake Out List:
1. Make sure that you are in stake out list mode:
If a stakeout point list is displayed, stake out point is in the stake from a list mode
If a Point name field is displayed, stake out point is in the stake a single point mode. Tap > List to change to the stake from a list mode.
2. Tap Add and then use one of the following methods to add points to the stake out list:
Method Description
Enter single point name Enter a single point name in the current job or linked files.
Select from list
Select using wildcard search
Select from a list of all points in the current job and linked files.
Select from a filtered list of all points in the current job and linked files.
Select from file
All grid points
All keyed in points
Points within radius
All points
Add all points from a defined CSV or TXT file.
Add all grid points from the current job.
Add all keyed in points from the current job.
Add all points within a defined radius from the current job and linked files.
Add all points from the current job and linked files.
Points with same code
Points by name range
Section of job
Add all points with a defined code from the current job and linked files.
Add all points within a name range from the current job and linked files.
Add points from a section of the current job.
Notes
•
When you add points to the stakeout list using the Select from file option, you can now add them from the linked file even if the point in the linked file already exists in the current job. The Select from file option is the only way you can stake a point from a linked file when a point of the same name exists
• in the current job.
If a linked job contains two points of the same name, the point with the higher class is displayed.
Editing the design elevation
•
The design elevation appears in the bottom right corner of the navigation window. To edit the
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elevation, tap the arrow. To reload an edited elevation, select Reload original elevation from the pop-up menu in the Design elevation field.
If the navigation window contains five rows of navigation information, the label for the Design
•
elevation field is not shown.
After staking, you can modify the design elevation in the as-staked deltas screen, depending on the
being used.
Stakeout - Lines
To stake out a line in an RTK or conventional survey:
1. Do one of the following:
♦
From the map, select two points to define a line, tap and hold and then select Stake out line.
♦
From the map, select the line to be staked out. Tap Stakeout, or tap and hold on the map and
♦ then select Stake out line from the shortcut menu.
From the main menu, select Stakeout / Lines. Enter the line name.
Tip - In the Line name field (or the Start point or the End point field) use the advanced pop-up arrow to select staking either a keyed-in line or one defined from two points.
2. In the Stake field, select one of the following options:
•
•
•
•
3. Enter the Antenna/Target height, the value of the station to be staked out (if any), and any further details, such as horizontal and vertical offsets. Tap Start.
4. Use the
to navigate to the point.
5. Mark the point.
6. When the point has been marked, tap Measure to open the Measure points screen. Measure the point as an as-staked point.
To the line
Use this option, as shown in the diagram below, to stake out points on a defined line starting with the closest point (1) from your current position (2).
To stake out a line using the To the line method:
1. Do one of the following:
♦
From the map, select the line to be staked out. Tap Stakeout, or tap and hold on the map and
♦ select Stake out line from the shortcut menu.
From the main menu, select Stakeout / Lines. Enter the line name.
Tip - To stake out a line, double tap it on the map.
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2. In the Stake field, select To the line.
3. Enter the antenna/target height and tap Start.
4. Use the graphical display to navigate to the point.
5. Mark the point and tap Measure to measure it.
Station on the line
Use this option, as shown in the diagram below, to stake out stations (1) on a defined line at the stationing intervals (2) along the line.
To stake out a line using the Station on the line method:
1. Do one of the following:
♦
From the map, select the line to be staked out. Tap Stakeout, or tap and hold on the map and
♦ select Stake out line from the shortcut menu.
From the main menu, select Stakeout / Lines. Enter the line name.
2. In the Stake field, select Station on the line.
3. Enter the antenna/target height and the station to be staked out and tap Start.
4. Use the graphical display to navigate to the point.
5. Mark the point and tap Measure to measure it.
Station/offset from line
Use this option, as shown in the diagram below, to stake out points (1) perpendicular to stations (3) on a defined line (2) and offset to the left or right by a set distance (4).
To stake out a line using the Station/offset from line method:
1. Do one of the following:
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♦
From the map, select the line to be staked out. Tap Stakeout, or tap and hold on the map and
♦ select Stake out line from the shortcut menu.
From the main menu, select Stakeout / Lines. Enter the line name.
2. In the Stake field, select Station/offset from line.
3. Enter the antenna/target height and the station to be staked out.
4. Specify the Horizontal offset (a negative value is left of the line) and the Vertical offset and tap Start.
5. Use the graphical display to navigate to the point.
6. Mark the point and tap Measure to measure it.
Slope from line
Use this option, as shown in the diagram below, to stake out points on surfaces (2), at different defined grades
(3), either side of the defined line (cross section =1). See the diagram below.
To stake out a line using the Slope from line method:
♦
From the map, select the line to be staked out. Tap Stakeout, or tap and hold on the map and
♦ select Stake out line from the shortcut menu.
From the main menu, select Stakeout / Lines. Enter the line name.
1. In the Stake field, select Slope from line.
Use the Slope left field and the Slope right field to define the type of grade in one of the following ways:
♦ horizontal and vertical distance
♦ grade and slope distance
♦ grade and horizontal distance
2. Enter the antenna or target height, specify the grade of the left and right slopes and tap Start.
3. Use the graphical display to navigate to the point.
4. Mark the point and tap Measure to measure it.
At any point on the surface, the display shows the closest station, the Horizontal offset, and the
Vertical distance as a cut (4) or a fill (5).
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Tip - When selecting a line or arc to stakeout, tap near the end of the line or arc that you want to designate as the start of the line or arc. Arrows are then drawn on the line or arc to indicate the direction.
If the direction of the line or arc is incorrect, tap the line or arc to deselect it and then tap it at the correct end to reselect the line or arc in the direction required.
Note - The offset directions are not swapped when the line direction is reversed.
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Mines - Auto Stakeout
Mines - Auto stake
The Auto Stakeout menu contains functions for auto staking the following features:
•
•
•
•
•
Auto stake Center line
Use Auto stake Center line to automatically mark out a line at set intervals along the mine backs (ceiling).
To auto stake a center line:
1. Tap Auto Stakeout, select a survey style and then start a survey.
From the Trimble Access menu tap Settings / Connect / Survey styles to edit an existing style or to define a new style.
2. Tap Center line.
3. Define the Start point by keying in the point name, or by using one of the options in the
4.
5. Define an Interval for staking the line.
Tap the Page down button to view the line definition.
6. Define a Horizontal offset, if required.
7. Tap Next to go to the
screen.
8. Enter values for the Point details, Position tolerance, and Settings or accept the default values.
9. Tap Next to auto stake the line.
The instrument turns to the design point, measures a position and then checks this position against the defined tolerances. If it is outside the tolerances it turns to a new position and repeats the process until a position within tolerance is found, or the maximum number of iterations is reached.
When a position is found within tolerance, the Mark point event sounds and the laser point flashes for
the period defined in the Mark delay field in
If a point within tolerance cannot be found, the point is skipped.
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At the end of the Mark delay period the instrument auto stakes the next point.
10. Tap the Pause button to temporarily halt the auto stake process. Use the Prev and Next softkeys to skip to the previous or next point.
When the end of the line is reached, the Results screen shows the number of points staked and the number of points skipped.
Advanced pop-up arrow
The following methods of point definition are available from the advanced pop-up arrow:
List
Wildcard search
Key in
Select from a list of all database points
Filtered search of the database
Fast fix
Create a point in the database by keying in the Point name, Code, and Coordinates.
Quickly measure and automatically store a point. Wherever the instrument is pointing, that position is stored.
Measure
.
View the measure topo screen so that you can enter the Point name, Code, and Target height
Map selections View a list of points selected from the map
Auto stake Grade line
Use Auto stake Grade line to automatically mark out a line at set intervals along the mine walls.
To auto stake a grade line:
1. Tap Auto Stakeout, select a survey style and then start a survey.
From the Trimble Access menu tap Settings / Connect / Survey styles to edit an existing style or to define a new style.
2. Tap Grade line.
3. Define the Start point by keying in the point name, or by using one of the options in the
4.
5. Define an Interval for staking the line.
Tap the Page down button to view the line definition.
6. Define a Vertical offset, if required.
7. Tap Next to go to the
screen.
8. Enter values for the Point details, Position tolerance, and Settings or accept the default values.
90
9. Tap Next to auto stake the line.
The instrument turns to the design point, measures a position and then checks this position against the defined tolerances. If it is outside the tolerances it turns to a new position and repeats the process until a position within tolerance is found, or the maximum number of iterations is reached.
When a position is found within tolerance, the Mark point event sounds and the laser point flashes for
the period defined in the Mark delay field in
If a point within tolerance cannot be found, the point is skipped.
At the end of the Mark delay period the instrument auto stakes the next point.
10. Tap the Pause button to temporarily halt the auto stake process. Use the Prev and Next softkeys to skip to the previous or next point.
When the end of the line is reached, the Results screen shows the number of points staked and the number of points skipped.
Auto stake Laser lines
Use Auto stake laser line to stake the intersection points between the mine walls and a line defined by two points.
Matched pairs of points must be defined using their point names. A point must have a prefix or suffix to identify it as the left or the right hand end of the line. The remainder of the point name must be identical for a match pair to be found. For example, if the Left points prefix is L and the Right points prefix is R, then the following points would be identified as matched pairs: L1-R1, L15-R15, L101-R101, etc.
Tip - The points can be imported into the job, linked to the current job, or imported into another job and that job linked to the current job. Use the Jobs / Import option to import points.
To auto stake laser lines:
1. Tap Auto Stakeout, select a survey style and then start a survey.
From the Trimble Access menu tap Settings / Connect / Survey styles to edit an existing style or to define a new style.
2. Tap Laser lines.
3. Set the Selection method to either Prefix or Suffix so it matches the naming convention of the points in your job.
4. Enter the Left points prefix/suffix and the Right points prefix/suffix, and then tap Next.
5. All matching pairs in the job's database with the correct prefix/suffix are listed. Highlight and delete any lines that do not require staking.
6. Tap Next to go to the
screen.
7. Enter values for the Point details and Settings, or accept the default values and then tap Next.
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8. Tap Next to auto stake the lines.
The Mines software stakes all the points on the left, starting with the first line and finishing on the last. It then stakes all the points on the right side, starting with the last line and finishing on the first.
The instrument turns to the design point, measures a position and then checks this position against the defined tolerances. If it is outside the tolerances it turns to a new position and repeats the process until a position within tolerance is found, or the maximum number of iterations is reached.
When a position is found within tolerance, the Mark point event sounds and the laser point flashes for
the period defined in the Mark delay field in
If a point within tolerance cannot be found, the point is skipped.
At the end of the Mark delay period the instrument auto stakes the next point.
The Mines software stakes all the points on the left, starting with the first line and finishing on the last. It then stakes all the points on the right side, starting with the last line and finishing on the first.
10. Tap the Pause button to temporarily halt the auto stake process. Use the Prev and Next softkeys to skip to the previous or next point.
When the process has finished, the Results screen shows the number of points staked and the number of points skipped.
Auto stake Blast holes
Use Auto stake blast holes to stake the intersection point between a mine face and a line defined by two points.
Matched pairs of points must be defined using their point names. A point must have a prefix or suffix to identify it as the blast hole collar or toe. The remainder of the point name must be identical for a match pair to be found. For example, if the collar points suffix is C and the toe points suffix is T, then the following points would be identified as matched pairs: 1C-1T, 15C-15T, A1C-A1T, etc.
Tip - The points can be imported into the job, linked to the current job, or imported into another job and that job linked to the current job. Use the Jobs / Import option to import points.
To auto stake blast holes:
1. Tap Auto Stakeout, select a survey style and then start a survey.
From the Trimble Access menu tap Settings / Connect / Survey styles to edit an existing style or to define a new style.
2. Tap Blast holes.
3. Set the Selection method to either Prefix or Suffix so it matches the naming convention of the points in
92
your job.
4. Enter the Collar points prefix/suffix and the Toe points prefix/suffix and then tap Next.
5. All matching pairs in the job's database with the correct prefix/suffix are listed. Highlight and delete any lines that do not require staking.
6. Tap Next to go to the
screen.
7. Enter values for the Point details and Settings, or accept the default values and then tap Next.
8. Tap Next to auto stake the blast holes.
The instrument turns to the design point, measures a position and then checks this position against the defined tolerances. If it is outside the tolerances it turns to a new position and repeats the process until a position within tolerance is found, or the maximum number of iterations is reached.
When a position is found within tolerance, the Mark point event sounds and the laser point flashes for
the period defined in the Mark delay field in
If a point within tolerance cannot be found, the point is skipped.
At the end of the Mark delay period the instrument auto stakes the next point.
10. Tap the Pause button to temporarily halt the auto stake process. Use the Prev and Next softkeys to skip to the previous or next point.
When the process has finished, the Results screen shows the number of points staked and the number of points skipped.
Auto stake Pivot points
Use Auto stake Pivot points to stake out pivot points that have been projected up onto the mine backs
(ceiling).
Pivot points must be identified by either a prefix or suffix in their point name.
Tip - The points can be imported into the job, linked to the current job, or imported into another job and that job linked to the current job. Use the Jobs / Import option to import points.
To auto stake pivot points:
1. Tap Auto Stakeout, select a survey style and then start a survey.
From the Trimble Access menu tap Settings / Connect / Survey styles to edit an existing style or to define a new style.
2. Tap Pivot points.
3. Set the Selection method to either Prefix or Suffix so it matches the naming convention of the points in your job.
4. Enter the Pivot points prefix/suffix and then tap Next.
5. All matching pairs in the job's database with the correct prefix/suffix are listed. Highlight and delete
93
any lines that do not require staking.
6. Tap Next to go to the
screen.
7. Enter values for the Point details and Settings, or accept the default values and then tap Next.
8. When prompted, aim the instrument at the mine backs (ceiling) and then tap Measure. This ensures that the auto staked points will be located on the backs.
The instrument turns to the design point, measures a position and then checks this position against the defined tolerances. If it is outside the tolerances it turns to a new position and repeats the process until a position within tolerance is found, or the maximum number of iterations is reached.
When a position is found within tolerance, the Mark point event sounds and the laser point flashes for
the period defined in the Mark delay field in
If a point within tolerance cannot be found, the point is skipped.
At the end of the Mark delay period the instrument auto stakes the next point.
10. Tap the Pause button to temporarily halt the auto stake process. Use the Prev and Next softkeys to skip to the previous or next point.
When the process has finished, the Results screen shows the number of points staked and the number of points skipped.
Settings
Use the Point details group to specify the Start point and Point code.
Use the Position tolerance group specify the Station and Offset tolerances for a Center line and the Station and Grade tolerances for a Grade line. The Station tolerance value applies forward and back along the line.
The Offset tolerance is defined left and right of the line. The Grade tolerance is defined up and down from the line and perpendicular to the line.
Use the Settings group specify the EDM timeout, Mark delay, Position tolerance, the number of Iterations and whether the staked points are to be stored or not. The Mark delay is the length of time, in seconds, that the laser point flashes when the position has been found. If the number of iterations is exceeded or the EDM times out, the point is skipped.
Tip - You can reduce the EDM timeout to improve performance. If the instrument struggles to get a measurement due to, for example, reflective or dark surfaces, increase the EDM timeout.
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File Transfer
Report - Export Custom Format Files
Use the Report option to create custom ASCII files on the controller while in the field. Use the predefined formats or create your own custom formats. With custom formats, you can create files of almost any description. Use these files to check data in the field, or to produce reports, which you can transfer from the field to your client or to the office for further processing with the office software.
You can modify a predefined format to meet your specific requirements, or use it as a template to create a completely new custom ASCII export format.
To create a report of survey data:
1. Open the job that contains the data to export.
2. From the Mines menu, tap Report.
3. In the File format field, specify the type of file to create.
4. Tap to select an existing folder or create a new one.
5. Enter a filename.
By default, the File name field shows the name of the current job. The filename extension is defined in the XSLT style sheet. Change the file name and extension as required.
6. If more fields are displayed, complete them.
You can use the XSLT style sheets to generate files and reports based on parameters that you define.
For example, when generating a Stakeout report, the Stakeout horizontal tolerance and the Stakeout
vertical tolerance fields define acceptable stakeout tolerances. When generating the report you can stipulate the tolerances, then any stakeout delta greater than the defined tolerances appears in color in the generated report.
Note - When the selected XSLT style sheet is applied to create the custom export file, the processing is all carried out in the program memory available on the device. If there is not enough memory to enable the creation of the export file, an error message will be displayed and no export file will be created.
The maximum program memory the controller operating system has available for this process is 32 MB.
Four factors will affect whether the export file can be created
1. The amount of program memory available to the device.
2. The size of the job being exported.
3. The complexity of the style sheet being used to create the export file.
4. The amount of data being written to the export file.
If it is not possible to create the export file on the controller, download the job as a JobXML file to a computer.
95
To create the export file from the downloaded JobXML file using the same XSLT style sheet, use the ASCII
File Generator utility program (available from www.trimble.com).
Import Custom Format Files
Use this menu to import custom ASCII files into your current job. You can use the predefined formats or create your own custom format to import fixed-width or delimited ASCII files. You can import the following data using this option:
•
Point name
•
Code
•
Description 1 and Description 2
•
Notes attached to points
•
Grid coordinates
•
WGS84 geographic coordinates (degrees minutes and seconds, or decimal degrees)
•
To be successfully imported, points must have a height.
Local geographic coordinates (degrees minutes and seconds, or decimal degrees)
•
To be successfully imported, points must have a height
Line definitions
Before you import, line start and end points must exist in the database.
Line definitions include the following information: start point name, end point name, start station, station interval, azimuth, and length.
The predefined ASCII import formats available in the controller include:
•
CSV Grid points E-N
•
Point Name, Easting, Northing, Elevation, Code
CSV Grid points N-E
•
Point Name, Northing, Easting, Elevation, Code
CSV Lines
•
Start Point Name, End Point Name, Start Station, Station Interval
CSV WGS-84 Lat-long points
Point Name, Latitude, Longitude Height, Code
These Custom Import ASCII formats are defined by .ixl import definition files that are stored in the [System files] folder.
To import an ASCII file using a predefined file format:
1. Transfer the file to be imported into your data folder on your controller.
2. Open or create the job that you want to import the data into.
3. From the main menu, select Jobs / Import.
4. In the File format field, specify the type of file to import.
5. In the File name field, select the file to import. All files in your data folder with the file extension specified in the format file (by default CSV) appear in the list.
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6. If you are importing points, select or clear, as required, the Import points as control check box to specify if the imported points should be control points.
7. To import the file, tap Accept.
After import, a summary box shows how many items were imported and how many were discarded.
Creating custom ASCII import format files
Custom ASCII import format files are stored on the controller in the [System files] folder, with the extension
*.ixl. You can make simple edits to existing format files on the controller using Microsoft Pocket Word software. If you have majors edits or you want to create new format files, use a text editor on a desktop computer.
For information on how to create your own import formats, refer to the Import Custom Format Files document available from www.trimble.com.
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