Hy-Line Management Guide

Management Guide

COMMERCIAL LAYERS

2014

BROWN

USE OF THE MANAGEMENT GUIDE

The genetic potential of Hy-Line Brown Commercial can only be realized if good poultry husbandry practices and management are used. This management guide outlines successful flock management programs for Hy-Line Variety

Brown Commercial based on field experience compiled by Hy-Line International and using an extensive commercial layer flock database of Hy-Line flocks from all parts of the world. Hy-Line International management recommendations and principles taken from industry technical literature are available in the Hy-Line Red Book, an Online Management Guide, which is found at www.hylineredbook.com

. Hy-Line International Management Guides are periodically updated as new performance data and/or nutrition information become available.

The information and suggestions contained in this management guide should be used for guidance and educational purposes only, recognizing that local environmental and disease conditions may vary and a guide cannot cover all possible circumstances. While every attempt has been made to ensure that the information presented is accurate and reliable at the time of publication, Hy-Line International cannot accept responsibility for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies in such information or management suggestions. Further, Hy-Line International does not warrant or make any representations or guarantees regarding the use, validity, accuracy, or reliability of, or flock performance or productivity resulting from the use of, or otherwise respecting, such information or management suggestions. In no event shall Hy-Line International be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or special damages whatsoever arising out of or in connection with the use of the information or management suggestions contained in this management guide.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary of Performance Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Transportation to Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Cage Brooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Brooding Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Lighting During Brooding Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Drinking Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Beak Treatment / Trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Layer Growth and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Growing Body Weights, Feed Consumption and Uniformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Space Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Cage Systems Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Management Events for Commercial Layers . . . . . . . . . . 8–9

Good Lighting Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Light Program for Light-Controlled Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Customized Lighting Programs for Open-Sided Housing . . 11

Lighting Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Use of Shades in Open-Sided Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Midnight Feeding / Lighting Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Water Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Calcium Particle Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Feed Particle Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Vitamins and Trace Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Phase Feeding to Meet the Hen’s Nutritional Needs . . . . . 16

Growing Period Nutritional Recommendations . . . . . . . . . 17

Transition Period from Grow to Peak Egg Production . . . . 18

Production Period Nutritional Recommendations . . . . . . . 19

Dietary Nutrient Concentrations for Production Period . . . 20

Non-Fast Molting Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Molt Diet Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Post-Molt Nutrition Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Disease Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Vaccination Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25–27

Performance Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28–29

Performance Standards Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Post-Molt Performance Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Post-Molt Performance Standards Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Egg Quality Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Egg Size Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33–34

Egg Size Standards Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Feed Ingredient Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–37

HY-LINE BROWN COMMERCIAL LAYERS

Summary of Performance Standards

GROWING PERIOD (TO 17 WEEKS):

Livability

Feed Consumed

Body Weight at 17 Weeks

98%

5.75–6.13 kg

1.40–1.48 kg

LAYING PERIOD (TO 110 WEEKS):

Percent Peak

Hen-Day Eggs to 60 Weeks

Hen-Day Eggs to 90 Weeks

Hen-Housed Eggs to 60 Weeks



Livability to 60 Weeks

Livability to 90 Weeks

Days to 50% Production (from hatch)

Egg Weight at 26 Weeks



Total Egg Mass per Hen-Housed (18–90 weeks)



Freedom From Egg Inclusions

Shell Strength

Shell Color at 38 Weeks



Haugh Units at 38 Weeks



Average Daily Feed Consumption (18–90 weeks)

Feed Conversion Rate, kg Feed/kg Eggs (20–60 weeks)

Feed Conversion Rate, kg Feed/kg Eggs (20–90 weeks)

Feed Utilization, kg Egg/kg Feed (20–60 weeks)

Feed Utilization, kg Egg/kg Feed (20–90 weeks)

Feed per Dozen Eggs (20–60 weeks)

Feed per Dozen Eggs (20–90 weeks)

Skin Color

Condition of Droppings

Performance Summary data is based on results obtained from customers around the world.

Please send your results to [email protected]. An easy to use record-keeping program,

Hy-Line International EggCel , can be found at www.hylineeggcel.com

95–96%

257–266

419–432

253–262

408–421

491–508

97%

93%

140 days

57.3–59.7 g / egg

60.1–62.5 g / egg

62.9–65.5 g / egg

25.5 kg

1.85–1.97 kg

1.91–2.03 kg

Excellent

Excellent

87

85

81

90.0

84.0

81.1

105–112 g / day per bird

1.87–1.99

1.95–2.07

0.50–0.54

0.48–0.51

1.42–1.46 kg

1.51–1.55 kg

Yellow

Dry

JANUARY 2014 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL

1


Transportation to Farm

Transportation

• Use truck designed for transportation of chicks from hatchery to farm

• Truck should be environmentally controlled, maintaining 30–32°C at 70% relative humidity (measured inside chick box); minimum air flow of 0.7 m

3

per minute

• Provide space between stacks of chick boxes for air flow

Chick Placement

• Unload boxes quickly and gently place chicks in brooding area

• Brood chicks in groups from similar aged breeder flocks

Cage Brooding

• Brooder house should be completely cleaned and disinfected well in advance of chick delivery. Confirm effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection with environmental swabs

• Allow 2 weeks minimum downtime between flocks

• Start chicks in upper tiered cages which are usually warmer and brighter

• For more information on house preparation and brooding management, see www.hylinepullet.com

• Pre-heat brooding area at least 24 hours prior to chick arrival to warm concrete floors and house equipment

• Place feed on cage paper 0–3 days to encourage consumption

• Place feed in front of permanent feeder to train chicks to move towards feeders

• Fill automatic feed line to its highest level and adjust chick guards

• Remove paper by 14 days of age to avoid build-up of feces

• Cage floors should not be slippery or sloped

• Use vitamins and electrolytes in chicks’ water (avoid sugar-based products to prevent growth of microorganisms)

100% paper over wire floor

Nipple or cup drinker

Chick guard

Automatic feeder Automatic feeder

Place feed on paper near automatic feeder to train chicks

2

Automatic feeder

CORRECT

Chicks evenly distributed in brooding area, active and sounding content


Automatic feeder

COLD

Chicks gathered into groups sounding distressed

Automatic feeder

UNEVEN VENTILATION

Chicks avoiding drafts, noise or uneven light distribution; congregating in one part of cage


Brooding Recommendations

• Brood chicks in groups from similar aged breeder flocks

• Modify temperature as needed to meet chicks’ comfort needs

• Adjust brooding temperature according to relative humidity. Lower temperature can be used with higher relative humidity

• Establish proper house temperature and humidity

24 hours before chick placement; floor temperature should be 32°C

• Bright light (30–50 lux) during 0–7 days helps chicks quickly find feed and water and adapt to new environment

• After first week, reduce temperature weekly 2–3°C until reaching 21°C

AGE

CAGE

LIGHT

INTENSITY

LIGHT

HOURS

0–3 days

33–36°C

4–7 days

30–50 lux

23 hours or

Intermittent

Program

30–32°C

30–50 lux

21 hours or

Intermittent

Program

8–14 days

28–30°C

25 lux

19 hours

15–21 days

26–28°C

25 lux

22–28 days

23–26°C

29–35 days

17 hours 25 lux

21–23°C

36+ days

15 hours 10–15 lux

21°C

Relative humidity

HATCHING

80%

13.5 hours 10–15 lux

12 hours

TRANSPORTATION

TO FARM

70%

GROWING

40%

minimum

BROODING

PERIOD

(0–7 days)

60%

Low humidity

LAYING

• Reduces bird comfort

• Increases dehydration

40%

minimum

• May result in pasty vents in chicks

• May increase agitation and possibility of pecking

• Adversely affects feather cover

• Increases dust

Excessive humidity

• May cause wet litter

• Increases ammonia

• Causes poor air quality

CROP FILL –

ARE THE CHICKS EATING?

Hours after Chicks chick with feed

placement in crop

6

12

75%

85%

24 100%

Chick with starter feed in crop

Chick without starter feed in crop


3


Lighting During Brooding Period

• Chicks should have 23 hours of light / 1 hour of dark for days 0–3 and 21 hours of light for days 4–7 to help chicks find feed and water. An intermittent light program for chicks is a good alternative (see below)

• Do not use 24 hours of light

• Bright light (30–50 lux) during 0–7 days helps chicks quickly find feed and water and adapt to new environment

• After first week, begin slow step-down lighting program (see Light-Controlled Houses)

INTERMITTENT LIGHTING PROGRAM

2 hours

4 hours 4 hours

2 hours 2 hours

4 hours 4 hours

2 hours

• Optional lighting technique

• Use from 0–7 days

• Intermittent dark periods provide rest periods for chicks

• Synchronizes chicks’ activities and feedings

• Establishes more natural behavior of rest and activity

• May improve 7 day livability

• May improve antibody response from vaccinations

• Some dark periods may be shortened or removed to accommodate work schedules

Drinking Systems

• Drinking water should be tested for quality and cleanliness from source and end of water line

• Flush water lines daily during the brooding period, starting day prior to chick arrival. Flush water lines weekly during growing and production periods

• Water temperature should be 10–20°C after flushing

• Nipple drinkers should deliver minimum 70 ml per minute / nipple

Cup drinkers

Nipple drinkers

Nipple level with chick’s head

360°

Cup level with chick’s back

• Cup drinkers should be manually filled during 0–3 days to train chicks to drink

• Adjust nipple water system pressure to create hanging drop to help chicks find water for 0–3 days

• Splash cups useful during brooding period and in hot climates

• 360° activated nipples make drinking easy for chicks

• 360° activated nipples essential for hatchery beaktreated chicks

4



Beak Treatment / Trimming

(Check local regulations concerning use of beak trimming)

• Hy-Line Brown commercial layer is most successfully beak trimmed at hatch by infrared beak treatment or between 7–10 days of age

• If necessary, re-trim at 6 weeks or 12–14 weeks of age. Second beak trim is recommended in open-sided housing

• In light-controlled housing, one beak trim should be sufficient

• Beak treatment or beak trimming reduces feed wastage and leaves beak less damaging to other birds

HATCHERY INFRARED BEAK TREATMENT

• Provides efficient, uniform beak treatment

• Beak remains intact until 10–14 days of age when treated portion separates

• Use only 360° activated nipples for beak-treated chicks, as well as supplemental chick drinkers

PRECISION BEAK TRIMMING

• Cauterize beak for 2 seconds

– When cauterizing blade is not hot enough or cauterization time is <2 seconds, beak will continue to grow unevenly

– If cauterizing blade is too hot or cauterization time is

>2 seconds, sensitive neuromas may form

• Use pyrometer to measure blade temperature which should be approximately 595°C

• Cauterizing blade color may be used as approximate indicator of temperature

< 595°C 595°C > 595°C

• Blade temperature variation of up to 40°C is common due to external influences and cannot be detected by the human eye

• Use template with guide plate holes for precision beak trim of different size chicks

• Check that beaks have been properly and evenly trimmed

Photo courtesy of Lyon Technologies, Inc.

Properly Trimmed Beaks

Cauterizing blade

(595ºC, cherry red color)

Guide holes correspond to different size and age of chicks

• 4.00 mm

• 4.37 mm

• 4.75 mm

Template with guide holes

Observe these precautions when beak trimming

• Do not beak-trim sick birds

• Do not hurry

• Provide vitamins and electrolytes containing vitamin K in drinking water 2 days before and 2 days after beak trimming

• Keep feed at highest level for several days after beak trimming

• Use only well-trained crews

• Use 360° activated nipples

• Handle chicks carefully


5


Layer Growth and Development

• Focus on pullet rearing programs to optimize growth and development

• A pullet flock entering into egg production at correct body weight (1.40–1.48 kg) with uniformity higher than

90% performs best in production period

• Chicks’ body weight should double between arrival and

7 days of age

• It is important to achieve 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 week body weight targets to ensure optimum development of bird’s body

• If possible, exceed pullet body weight standards

• Change growing diets only when recommended body weight is attained. Suggested ages are guide if target weights are achieved. See www.hylinepullet.com

1 week 3 weeks 6 weeks 12 weeks 18 weeks 24 weeks 30 weeks

1200

800

400

0

2400

1st

MOLT

5 10

2nd

MOLT

15

Ovary

WEEKS OF AGE

20

3rd

MOLT

Reproductive Tract

25 30

Immune &

Digestive Systems

Muscles Fat Cells

Cortical Bone / Skeletal Growth

Frame developed Onset of maturity –

reddening of comb and wattles

Medullary Bone

Physical maturity

2000

1600

35

Body weight (g)

5 10 15 20

WEEKS OF AGE

25

40

30 35

20

Approximate weekly weight gain (g)

40

0

60

40

120

100

80

IDEAL

BREAST

MUSCLE

SCORE

1–2 2 2–3 3

Importance of Muscle Development

• Muscle contains glycogen, source of energy during egg production

• Layers with good muscle development are better able to sustain high egg production

BREAST MUSCLE SCORING

0 1 2 3

6



Growing Body Weights, Feed Consumption and Uniformity

UNIFORMITY

(Cage)

AGE

(weeks)

1

10

11

12

7

8

9

13

14

15

16

17

4

5

6

2

3

BODY

WEIGHT (g)

68 – 72

121 – 129

184 – 196

257 – 273

349 – 371

446 – 474

543 – 577

650 – 690

757 – 803

863 – 917

960 – 1020

1048 – 1112

1125 – 1195

1193 – 1267

1261 – 1339

1329 – 1411

1397 – 1483

FEED INTAKE

(g / bird per day)

14 – 15

17 – 21

23 – 25

27 – 29

34 – 36

38 – 40

41 – 43

45 – 47

49 – 53

52 – 56

58 – 62

62 – 66

67 – 71

70 – 74

72 – 76

75 – 79

78 – 82

>85%

>65%

>75%

>85%

>90%

Weigh birds separately after

3 weeks using a digital scale that calculates uniformity

3-week old pullets from same flock with very different development shows importance of monitoring flock body weight uniformity

Space Guidelines

(check local regulations)

WEEKS OF AGE

3

CONVENTIONAL AND COLONY CAGES

Floor Space

100–200 cm

2

(50–100 birds / m

2

)

310 cm

2

(32 birds / m

2

)

Nipple

1 / 12 birds 1 / 8 birds

Feeders

5 cm / bird 8 cm / bird

17 20 30 40 50

7–12 cm / bird

60 70

490 cm

2

(20 birds / m

2

) – 750 cm

2

(13 birds / m

2

)

1 / 12 birds or access to 2 drinkers

80

Requirements vary with type of equipment used and environmental conditions

Cage Systems Management

• Flock can be moved into production facility at 15–16 weeks of age or after administration of last live vaccines

• It is important that growing and production cages contain similar feed and water systems

• Any sex slips should be removed around 7 weeks and at transfer

• Supportive care to reduce stress such as water-soluble vitamins, probiotics and vitamin C should be used 3 days before and 3 days after transfer

• Weigh prior to a scheduled feed change

• Remove mortality daily

• If mortality exceeds 0.1% per week, then perform necropsies and other diagnostics to determine cause(s) of mortality


7

8

9 weeks

10 weeks

11 weeks

12 weeks

13 weeks

14 weeks

15 weeks

16 weeks

17 weeks

18 weeks

19 weeks

20 weeks

21 weeks


Management Events for Commercial Layers

CAGE REARING AGE

0

1 day

2 days

3 days

4 days

5 days

6 days

1 week

8 days

9 days

10 days

11 days

12 days

13 days

2 weeks

15 days

16 days

17 days

18 days

19 days

20 days

3 weeks

24–48 hours before chicks arrive

Pre-heat brooding house

7–10 days

Precision beak trimming if not done in hatchery; check local regulations

2 weeks

Cage paper removed by this time

Bird Handling—BE GENTLE

• Proper handling of birds during body weight measurements, blood collection, selection, vaccination, and transfer will reduce bird stress and prevent injuries

• Hold birds by both legs or both wings

• Return birds to cage gently

• Use experienced personnel that have been trained in proper procedures of bird handling

4 weeks

5 weeks

6 weeks

7 weeks

8 weeks

7–13 weeks

Remove sex-slips (off-sex) during vaccination handling

15–16 weeks

Transfer to lay house early to allow birds to become familiar with new environment

17 weeks

Light stimulation when pullets reach 1.40–1.48 kg body weight

21 weeks

Monitor egg weights every 2 weeks. Start controlling egg weight when average egg weight is within 2 g of target



Management Events for Commercial Layers

WEEKS OF AGE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

AGES OF BODY WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS

• Weigh separate groups of birds on each cage level due to temperature and environmental differences

• Identify cages from beginning and end of feed lines

• Mark cages and use same cage every time body weight is monitored

0–3 weeks

• Bulk weigh 10 boxes of 10 chicks

4–29 weeks

• Weigh 100 birds individually every week

• Weigh birds in same cages each time for best accuracy

• Calculate uniformity

30–50 weeks

• Weigh 100 birds individually every 5 weeks



CALCULATING UNIFORMITY

• Use individual bird weights

• Uniformity calculation tool available at www.hylinebodyweight.com

Over 50 weeks

• Weigh 100 birds individually every 10 weeks



When handling birds for body weights assess:

• Keel bone—straightness and firmness

• Breast muscle score

• Body fat

• External parasites

• Clinical symptoms of disease

50

55

60

65

70

AGES OF BLOOD COLLECTION

10–20 sera samples per flock for titer determination

8 weeks

• Assess early vaccination technique and disease exposure

15 weeks

• Blood collection before transfer to lay house to assess possible change in disease exposure

• Common to not send to laboratory and freeze for future analysis in event of disease outbreak on lay farm

16–24 weeks

• Collect blood at least 4 weeks after final inactivated vaccination

• Useful to assess disease challenge after transfer to lay farm

75

80

AGES TO MONITOR EGG WEIGHTS

Weigh 100 eggs collected from egg belts in front of randomly selected cages (may be same cages used for body weight monitoring) to ensure even distribution of egg samples. Monitor egg weights on specific day of week within same 3 hour time frame

85

90


9


Good Lighting Practices

• In cage housing, measure minimum light intensity at feeder on bottom tier cages, mid-way between lights

• Keep light bulbs clean to prevent loss of light intensity

• Prevent dark areas caused by too much distance between lights or burned out light bulbs

• Be aware that shiny or white surfaces reflect light and increase light intensity

• Take local conditions into account which may require adaptations of lighting programs

• Light hours of growing and production houses should be matched at transfer

• Light stimulation period should extend into peaking period (achieve 16 hours of light at about 30 weeks)

• Light intensity should increase weekly for 2 weeks before flock is transferred to laying house

Light Program for Light-Controlled Housing

( www.hylineweblighting.com

)

Slow step-down of light hours from 0–8 weeks to encourage

• Feed intake during grow to optimize growth and development

• Good uniformity in hens

• Persistency of egg production

• Production of larger eggs

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

16 19 17½ 16 14½ 13 11½ 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

HOURS OF LIGHT

10 10 10 11 12 13 13½ 13¾ 14 14¼ 14½ 14¾ 15 15¼ 15½ 15¾

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Gradual light increases up to 30 weeks of age

Light stimulation at Ideal Body Weight (1.40–1.48 kg)

Transfer flock to laying house

16 hrs.

to end of lay

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

WEEKS OF AGE

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

LIGHT SPECTRA

LIGHT INTENSITY

30-50 lux

25 lux

Blue - Green

10-15 lux

Red - Orange

30 lux

Alternate Program

Slower step-down of light hours from 0–12 weeks can be used to prevent early sexual maturity, maximize pullet growth and promote early egg size

10



Customized Lighting Programs for

Open-Sided Housing

( www.hylineweblighting.com

)

To prevent early sexual development, the Hy-Line International Lighting program finds the longest natural day length between 8–17 weeks of age and constructs an artificial lighting program that holds day length constant with artificial lights from 8–17 weeks.

• Enter your e-mail address

• Enter variety/generation, location, housing style and hatch date

• Select language

• Click on “Create Lighting Spreadsheet”

• Results will appear

• Click on “download Excel” to access graphical forms, print and save results

Same lighting program with sunrise and sunset represented by black lines and suggested artificial day length indicated by blue bars


11


Lighting Considerations

CAGES

• Alternating height of lights improves light distribution to all cage levels

Use of Shades in Open-Sided Housing

• Shades are an effective way to decrease light intensity in an open-sided house

• Keep shades clean and free of dust to allow air flow

• Use stir fans when using shades

• Avoid direct sunlight on birds by using shades or roof overhangs

• Black shades are preferred

Midnight Feeding / Lighting Program

• Optional lighting technique that promotes greater feed consumption

• Used whenever more feed intake is desired in growing or laying flocks

• Increases calcium absorption during night when most egg shell is formed

• Useful to increase feed intake during peak egg production

• Helps maintain feed consumption in hot climates

• Midnight feeding may increase feed intake

2–5 g / day per bird

Good Practices

• Initiate program by turning lights on for 1–2 hours in middle of dark period

• Fill feeders before lights turned on

• Must be at least 3 hours of dark before and after midnight feeding

START OF DAY

• Light provided during midnight feeding is in addition to regular day length (i.e. 16 hours)

• If midnight feeding is removed, it must be reduced gradually at rate of 15 minutes per week

3 hours

16 hours

Midnight

Feeding or Dark

Midnight

Feeding

1 hour

3 hours

END OF DAY

12



Water Quality

• Water is the most important nutrient. Good quality water must be available to birds at all times

• Water and feed consumption are directly related—when birds drink less, they consume less feed and production quickly declines

• As a general rule, healthy birds will consume 1.5–2.0 times more water than feed. This ratio increases in high ambient temperatures

• High concentrations of sodium or other minerals may require changes in ration formulation

• Test water quality at least 1 time per year. Water source will determine regularity of water testing

– Surface water requires more frequent testing, as it is more affected by season and rainfall patterns

– Closed wells taking water from aquifers or deep artesian basins will be more consistent in water quality, but are generally higher in dissolved mineral content

• Presence of coliform bacteria is good indicator if water source has been contaminated with animal or human waste

• When collecting well water sample, let water run for 2 minutes prior to collecting sample. Water samples should be kept below 10°C and submitted to lab in less than 24 hours

• Some water sources contain high levels of dissolved minerals such as calcium, sodium and magnesium. When this occurs, amounts of these minerals in water has to be considered when formulating feed

• Ideal water pH is 5–7 to promote good water sanitation, increase feed consumption and improve upper gastrointestinal health

• Less than optimum water quality can have significant impact on gut health which will lead to under utilization of nutrients in feed

ITEM

MAXIMUM

CONCENTRATION

(ppm or mg/L)*

Nitrate NO

3

ˉ

1

25

Older birds will tolerate higher levels up to 20 ppm. Stressed or diseased challenged birds may be more sensitive to effects of Nitrate

Nitrate Nitrogen (NO

3

-N)

1

Nitrite NO

2

1

6

4

Nitrite is considerably more toxic than Nitrate, especially for young birds where 1 ppm

Nitrite may be considered toxic

Nitrite Nitrogen (NO

2

-N ) 1

Total dissolved solids

Chloride (Cl

-

)

Sulfate (SO

4

-

)

1

Iron (Fe)

1

Magnesium (Mg)

Potassium (K)

Sodium (Na)

1

2

1,2

1

2

1

1000

250

250

<0.3

125

20

50

Levels up to 3000 ppm may not affect performance but could increase dropping moisture

Levels as low as 14 mg may be problematic if sodium higher than 50 ppm

Higher levels may be laxative

Higher levels will cause bad odor and taste

Higher levels may be laxative. Levels above 50 ppm may be problematic if sulphate levels are high

Higher levels may be acceptable depending on sodium level, alkalinity and pH

Higher concentration acceptable but concentrations above 50 ppm should be avoided if high levels of chloride, sulphate or potassium

Higher levels may be laxative Manganese (Mn)

3

Arsenic (As)

2

Fluoride (F

-

)

2

Aluminum (Al)

2

Boron (B)

2

0.05

0.5

2

5

5

Cadmium (Cd)

Cobalt (Co)

Lead (Pb) pH

1

1

2

Copper (Cu)

Mercury (Hg)

2

Zinc (Zn)

1

2

1

0.02

1

0.6

0.02

0.003

1.5

6.3–7.5

Higher levels result in bitter taste

Higher levels are toxic



Birds may adapt to lower pH. Below pH 5 may reduce water intake and corrode metal fittings. Above pH 8 may reduce intake and reduce effectiveness of water sanitation

Likely to indicate dirty water Total bacteria counts

3

Total Coliform bacteria

3

Fecal Coliform bacteria

3

1000 CFU/ml

50 CFU/ml

0 CFU/ml

Oxygen Reduction Potential

(ORP)

3

650–750 mEq

ORP range that 2–4 ppm of free choline will effectively sanitize water at favorable pH range of 5–7

3

2

1

* Limits may be lower as interactions exist between magnesium and sulphate; and between sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphate

Carter & Sneed, 1996. Drinking Water Quality for Poultry, Poultry Science and Technology Guide, North Carolina State University Poultry Extension Service. Guide no. 42

Marx and Jaikaran, 2007. Water Analysis Interpretation. Agri-Facts, Alberta Ag-Info Centre. Refer to http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/app84/rwqit for online Water

Analysis Tool

Watkins, 2008. Water: Identifying and correcting challenges. Water: Identifying and Correcting Challenges. Avian Advice 10(3): 10-15 University of Arkansas

Cooperative Extension Service, Fayetteville


13


Water Consumption

Water Consumed / 100 Birds per Day

AGE IN WEEKS

1–3

4–6

7–9

10–12

13–15

16–18

19–22

23+

LITERS

1–3

3–6

6–8

8–12

10–14

11–18

13–21

15–23

Chart shows an expected range of water consumption at normal environmental temperatures of 21–27°C. As environmental temperature increases above this range, water consumption may increase up to double amounts shown

Air Quality

Air Movement (m

3

/ hour per 1000 birds)

WEEKS OF AGE

AMBIENT

TEMPERATURE

(°C)

1 3 6 12 18 19+

32

21

10

0

360

180

130

75

540 1250 3000 7140

270 630 1500 3050

180

136

420

289

800

540

2240

1500

9340–12000

5100–6800

3060–4250

1020–1700

-12

-23

75

75

110

110

210

210

400

400

600

600

700–1050

700–850

Acknowledgment: Dr. Hongwei Xin, Professor, Department of Agriculture and Biosystems

Engineering and Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

• Production house should be 18–25°C and

40–60% humidity

• General rule for determining required fan capacity—4 m

3 of air movement / kilogram of body weight per hour

• Ventilation is essential to

– Provide each bird with adequate supply of oxygen

– Remove moisture from house

– Remove carbon dioxide produced by birds

– Remove dust particles

– Dilute aerosolized pathogenic organisms

Calcium Particle Size

PARTICLE

SIZE

STARTER,

GROWER,

DEVELOPER

100%

PRE-LAY

PEAKING

First egg to peak

LAYER 2

90–84%

LAYER 3

83–77%

LAYER 4

Less than 77%

Fine (0–2 mm)

Coarse (2–4 mm) –

50%

50%

50%

50%

40%

60%

35%

65%

35%

65%

Appropriate particle size depends on solubility of limestone. Dietary calcium levels may need to be adjusted based on limestone solubility

Fine calcium (0–2 mm) Coarse calcium (2–4 mm)

Photos courtesy of Longcliff Quarries Ltd.

14



Feed Particle Size

Sieve shaker separates feed sample into categories based on particle size

• Used on farm to check feed particle size from feed mill—sample taken on delivery or from feed bins

• Assess uniformity of feed particle size throughout feeding system—samples taken from various points

Too many fine feed particles

• Decrease feed intake and nutrient absorption

• Increase dust in house

Too many coarse feed particles

• Birds selectively eat large particles

• Increase risk of feed separation

Hy-Line Sieve Shaker

OPTIMAL FEED PARTICLE PROFILE

PARTICLE SIZE

0–1 mm

1–2 mm

2–3 mm

3–4 mm

STARTER

–

Crumble

–

–

GROWER

25%

65%

10%

–

DEVELOPER

25%

35%

35%

5%

Best Practices

• 3–4 hour gap in mid-day feedings allows birds to consume fine particles

• Add minimum of 0.5% liquid oil/fat in meal diets to incorporate and retain small particles in feed

• Use larger particle size meal or crumble to increase intakes in hot climates

PRODUCTION

25%

35%

35%

5%

Vitamins and Trace Minerals

• As the vitamin / trace mineral premix is often found in fine feed particles, a minimum level of 0.5% added liquid oil / fat in meal diets binds small particles in feed

• Manage feeders to allow birds to consume fine particles during mid-day

VITAMINS

ITEM

1,2,3,4

Vitamin A, IU

Vitamin D

3

5

, IU

Vitamin E, g

Vitamin K (menadione), g

Thiamin (B

1

), g

Riboflavin (B

2

), g

Niacin (B

3

), g

Pantothenic acid (B

5

), g

Pyridoxine (B

6

), g

Biotin (B

7

), mg

Folic acid (B

9

), g

Cobalamine (B

12

), mg

Choline

7

, g

IN 1000 KG COMPLETE DIET

12,000,000

4,400,000

75

4

3

12

55

18

5.5

300

2.5

30

250

MINERALS

ITEM

1

Manganese

6

, g

Zinc 6 , g

Iron, g

Copper

6

, g

Iodine, g

Selenium

6

, g

IN 1000 KG COMPLETE DIET

100

100

65

20

2.5

0.3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Minimum recommendations for growing and laying periods. Higher levels of vitamins may be beneficial at start of lay, during stress periods and hot weather. Local regulations may limit dietary content of individual vitamins or minerals

Store premixes according to suppliers’ recommendations and observe “use by” dates to ensure vitamin activity is maintained. Inclusion of antioxidant may improve premix stability

Vitamin and mineral recommendations are according to activity

Where heat treatment is applied to diet, higher levels of vitamins may be required. Consult with vitamin supplier regarding stability through feed production processes

A proportion of Vitamin D may be supplemented as 25-hydroxy D

3 3 according to suppliers recommendations and applicable limits

Use of chelated minerals may be beneficial to performance

Supplementation rates may require adjustment when other dietary sources are considered


15


Phase Feeding to Meet the Hen’s

Nutritional Needs

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

3 6 12 15 17 32

Hen-day egg production (%)

Egg weight (g)

Body weight (g)

44

WEEKS OF AGE

58

HOUSE TEMPERATURE: Use temperature to control feed consumption and egg size

Brooding

18–21°C

Only change 1° per week

LIMESTONE PARTICLE SIZE: % fine (<2mm) : % coarse (2–4mm)

100% : 0% 50% : 50% 40% : 60% 35% : 65%

90

4000

3800

3600

3400

3200

3000

2800

2600

2400

2200

2000

1800

600

400

200

0

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

FEED FORM:

Crumble or mash *

* Crumble may be fed longer to encourage body weight gain

Mash

Controlling Egg Weight

• Closely monitor egg weight of each flock and make nutritional changes as needed to ensure optimal egg weight

• If smaller eggs are desired, egg weight should be controlled even more aggressively at an early age

• Egg-weight control is achieved through combination of limiting amino acid consumption and ensuring that feed intake is not too high (achieved through control of ambient temperature)

• Monitor egg weight every 2 weeks. Start controlling egg weight when average egg weight is within 2 g of target

Control of Ambient House Temperature

• At housing, an ambient temperature of 18-20°C is desired. Increase house temperature about 1°C every

2 weeks until reaching 25°C assuming ventilation systems able to maintain adequate air quality at these temperatures

• Lower (colder) house temperatures will lead to greater feed intakes and may be counterproductive to egg-weight control, as well as optimal feed efficiency and adult hen body weights

16



Growing Period Nutritional Recommendations

FEEDING PHASE STARTER 1 STARTER 2

BODY WEIGHT AT

FEED CHANGE

200 g 450 g

1600

1400

GROWER

1070 g

DEVELOPER PRE-LAY

1260 g 1400 g

120

105

1200

90

1000

75

Body weight (g)

800

60

Feed (g / day per bird)

600

45

400

30

200

15

0

WEEKS OF AGE

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

0

NUTRITION

Metabolizable energy

2

, kcal/kg


2

, MJ/kg

Lysine, %

Methionine, %

Methionine+cystine, %

Threonine, %

Tryptophan, %

Arginine, %

Isoleucine, %

Valine, %

Crude protein

4

, %

Calcium

5

, %

Phosphorus (available)

6

, %

Sodium, %

Chloride, %

Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), %

12–12.74

1.01 / 1.11

0.45 / 0.49

0.77 / 0.87

0.65 / 0.76

0.18 / 0.22

1.05 / 1.13

0.71 / 0.76

0.73 / 0.80

RECOMMENDED CONCENTRATION

12–12.74 11.91–12.64

RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE

1

11.91–12.64 11.81–12.55

Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids / Total Amino Acids

3

0.92 / 1.01 0.82 / 0.90 0.67 / 0.73

0.42 / 0.46

0.72 / 0.81

0.39 / 0.41

0.66 / 0.75

0.31 / 0.34

0.56 / 0.63

0.60 / 0.70

0.17 / 0.21

0.96 / 1.03

0.66 / 0.71

0.68 / 0.75

0.55 / 0.65

0.17 / 0.21

0.85 / 0.92

0.61 / 0.65

0.64 / 0.71

0.46 / 0.54

0.15 / 0.18

0.70 / 0.75

0.50 / 0.54

0.54 / 0.59

0.72 / 0.79

0.35 / 0.38

0.62 / 0.70

0.50 / 0.58

0.16 / 0.19

0.75 / 0.81

0.56 / 0.60

0.61 / 0.68

1

2

3

4

5

6

Change diets at recommended target body weight—approximate age is a guide only. Do not feed Pre-Lay later than first egg as it contains insufficient calcium to support egg production

Recommended energy range is based on raw material energy values shown in table at back of this guide. It is important that target concentrations of dietary energy are adjusted according to energy system applied to raw material matrix

Recommendation for Total Amino Acids is only appropriate to corn and soybean meal diet. Where diets utilize other ingredients, recommendations for Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids must be followed

Diets should always be formulated to provide required intake of amino acid. Concentration of Crude Protein in diet will vary with raw material used. Crude Protein value provided is an estimated typical value only

Calcium should be supplied as fine calcium carbonate (mean particle size less than 2 mm). Coarse limestone (2–4 mm) can be introduced in Pre-Lay Diet at up to 50% of total limestone

Where other phosphorus systems are used, diets should contain recommended minimum level of available phosphorus


17


Transition Period from Grow to Peak

Egg Production

Frequently formulate to changing feed consumption during period of increasing nutrient demand until feed consumption is consistent

120 / 2000


115 / 1900

110 / 1800

105 / 1700

100

95 /

90 /

/ 1600

1500

1400

Body weight (g)

Feed

(g / day per bird)

Egg weight (g)

85

80

/

/

1300

1200

75 / 1100 10

70 / 1000

WEEKS OF AGE

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

0

30

20

70

60

50

40

100

90

80

Pre-Lay

Ration

Peaking Ration

• During transition period, nutrient requirements increase dramatically

• Occurring during transition

– Rapidly increasing egg production

– Increasing egg size

– Increasing body weight

• Feed consumption may increase slowly during transition

– In underweight birds

– In flocks lacking uniformity

– During high environmental temperatures

• Poor uniformity prolongs transition period and may result in low peak and poor persistency of production

• Monitor feed intake carefully during transition and adjust dietary nutrient concentration accordingly

Pre-Lay Ration

• Fed when most pullets show reddening of combs

• Important to increase medullary bone reserves

• Plan to feed for maximum of 10–14 days before point of lay. See www.hylineskeleton.com

Peaking Ration

• Formulations for low feed intakes (88–95 g / day per bird) may be given to better meet nutrient requirements

• Begin Peaking Diet with onset of lay (1% egg production)

• Feed intake may be reduced if birds are not accustomed to extra large particle calcium (i.e. use of a Pre-Lay Diet)

18



Production Period Nutritional Recommendations

FEEDING PHASE PEAKING LAYER 2

1

PRODUCTION

100

First egg to peak Above 93% to 89%

90

80

LAYER 3

88-85%


70

60

50

20

10

40

30

0

WEEKS OF AGE

18 20 25 30

Cumulative Egg mass (kg)

35

Egg weight (g)

40 45 50 55 60 65

LAYER 4

Less than 85%

70 75 80 85 90

NUTRITION


3

, kcal/kg


3

, MJ/kg

Lysine, mg/day

Methionine, mg/day

Methionine+cystine, mg/day

Threonine, mg/day

Tryptophan, mg/day

Arginine, mg/day

Isoleucine, mg/day

Valine, mg/day

2778–2911

11.63–12.18

830 / 909

407 / 437

714 / 805

581 / 684

174 / 208

863 / 928

647 / 696

730 / 806


1,2

2734–2867 2679–2867 2558–2833

11.44–12.00 11.21–12.00 10.71–11.86



4

800 / 876

392 / 422

780 / 854

382 / 411

750 / 821

360 / 387

688 / 776

560 / 659

168 / 201

832 / 895

624 / 671

704 / 776

663 / 748

546 / 642

164 / 196

811 / 872

608 / 654

686 / 757

630 / 711

525 / 618

158 / 188

780 / 839

585 / 629

660 / 728

Crude protein

5

, g/day

Calcium

6,8

, g/day


7,8

17.00

4.20

, mg/day 460

Sodium, mg/day 180

Chloride, mg/day 180

Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), g/day 1.00

Choline, mg/day 100

16.75

4.30

420

180

180

1.00

100

16.00

4.50

380

180

180

1.00

100

15.50

4.60

370

180

180

1.00

100

1

2

Change to Layer 2 Diet when egg production has decreased 2% from peak egg production

Crude protein, methionine+cystine, fat, linoleic acid, and / or energy may be changed to optimize egg size

3

Recommended energy range is based on energy values shown in table at back of this guide. It is important that target concentrations of dietary energy are adjusted according to energy system applied to raw material matrix if values differ from those referred for raw materials in this guide

4

Recommendation for Total Amino Acids is only appropriate to corn and soybean meal diet. Where diets utilize other

5 ingredients, recommendations for Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids must be followed

Diets should always be formulated to provide required intake of amino acid. Concentration of Crude Protein in diet will vary

6 with raw material used. Crude Protein value provided is an estimated typical value only

Calcium carbonate particle size varies throughout lay. Refer to Calcium Particle Size Table (dietary calcium levels may

7 need to be adjusted based on limestone solubility)


8

For laying cycles beyond 75 weeks increase calcium to 4.8 grams / day and reduce available phosphorous to 360 mg / day


19


Dietary Nutrient Concentrations for

Production Period

(According to Phase and Feed Intake)

FEEDING PHASE

PRODUCTION

NUTRITION


3

, kcal/kg

PEAKING

First egg to peak

2778-2911

LAYER 2

1

Above 93 to 89%

LAYER 3

88–85%


1,2

2734–2867 2679–2867

LAYER 4

Less than 85%

2558–2833


3

, MJ/kg 11.63–12.18

11.44–12.00

11.21–12.00

FEED CONSUMPTION

(*Typical Feed Consumption)

10.71–11.86

g/day per bird 88 93 98 103* 108 113 100 105 110* 115 120 100 105 110* 115 120 99 104

109

114 119

Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids

Lysine, % 0.94 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.77 0.73 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.63

Methionine, % 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30

Methionine+cystine,% 0.81 0.77 0.73 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53

Threonine, % 0.66 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.51 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.46 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44

Tryptophan, % 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13

Arginine, % 0.98 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.83 0.79 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.79 0.75 0.72 0.68 0.66

Isoleucine, % 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.51 0.49

Valine, % 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.69 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.57 0.67 0.63 0.61 0.58 0.55

Total Amino Acids

4

Lysine, % 1.03 0.98 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.88 0.83 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.72 0.69

Methionine, % 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.33

Methionine+cystine,% 0.91 0.87 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.71 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.67 0.65 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.60

Threonine, % 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.61 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52

Tryptophan, % 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16

Arginine, % 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.86 0.82 0.90 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.75 0.87 0.83 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.85 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.71

Isoleucine, % 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.62 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.64 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.53

Valine, % 0.92 0.87 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.71 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.67 0.65 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.61

Crude protein

5

, % 19.32 18.28 17.35 16.50 15.74 15.04 16.75 15.95 15.23 14.57 13.96 16.00 15.24 14.55 13.91 13.33 15.66 14.90 14.22 13.60 13.03

Calcium

6,8

, % 4.77 4.52 4.29 4.08 3.89 3.72 4.30 4.10 3.91 3.74 3.58 4.50 4.29 4.09 3.91 3.75 4.65 4.42 4.22 4.04 3.87

Phosphorus (available) 7,8 , % 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.31

Sodium, % 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15

Chloride, % 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15

Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), % 1.14 1.08 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.88 1.00 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.83 1.00 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.83 1.01 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84

4

5

6

7

8

3

1

2

Change to Layer 2 Diet when egg production has decreased 2% from peak egg production





Calcium carbonate particle size varies throughout lay. Refer to Calcium Particle Size Table (dietary calcium levels may need to be adjusted based on limestone solubility)


For laying cycles beyond 75 weeks increase calcium to 4.8 grams / day and reduce available phosphorous to 360 mg / day

20



Non-Fast Molting Recommendations

(Check local regulations concerning molting)

Decision to molt is based on

• Projected feed costs

• Egg prices

• Differential prices between egg sizes

• Cost of pullet replacement

• Value of hens at end of lay

• Flock performance

Non-Fast Molting

• Hy-Line laying hens will perform very well after a rest

• Optimum age for molting is usually between 65 to 75 weeks of age

• Induced molting can extend the productive life of a flock by improving rate of lay, shell quality, and albumen height

• Post-molt performance will be lower than best pre-molt values

• Egg size will essentially remain unaffected and will continue to increase after egg production resumes

• Free access to water at all times

• High sodium levels in drinking water (i.e., 100 ppm or higher) can adversely affect non-fasting molt

• Reducing body weight to 18 week body weight (around

21–22% reduction) will result in best post-molt performance

• Best post-molt egg production is achieved after complete cessation of egg production that lasts for at least 2 weeks

• Goal is to maintain 18 week body weight (1.47–1.57 kg) during rest period

• After initial body weight loss, body weight can be held steady by combination of adjusting number of feedings per day and/or shift to higher-energy (laying-hen-type) diet

• Closely monitor body weight of flock during molt process

• Body weights should be collected twice per week from same cages every time

• Cages should be selected from bottom, middle and top tiers; all rows; and from front, middle and end of house

Non-Fast Molting Program

MOLT

DAY

-7 to -5

-4 to -1

LIGHT

(hours per day)

16

FEED TYPE FEED

MODIFICATION

1

Layer diet Fine-particle CaCO

3

FEED

INTAKE

2

(g / day per bird)

Full feed

24 Layer diet

Fine-particle CaCO no added salt

(NaCl)

3

,

Full feed

HOUSE

TEMPERATURE

3

(°C)

24–25

24–25

COMMENTS

Fine-particle CaCO

3

diet: Remove large-particle size CaCO with fine-particle CaCO

3

3

and replace

(less than

2 mm mean diameter). Do NOT change percent calcium in laying-hen diet

0–6 6–8

4

Molt diet

5

Fine-particle CaCO

3

54–64 27–28

Higher house temperatures will reduce feed intake and facilitate reduction in body weight to 18 week target weight (Note: brown laying hens should not lose more than

21–22% of the pre-molt body weight)

7–17 6–8 Molt diet —

18–19 12 or 16

6

Layer diet

7

Mixture of fine- and coarse-particle

CaCO

3 as in a normal layer diet

54–64

64–73

27–28

27–28

Maintain body weight

Control (limit) feed intake to avoid fat birds

20–21

22–24

16

16

6 Layer diet

Layer diet

7

7

—

—

Full feed

Full feed

7

26–27

24–25

Lower house temperature as needed to increase feed intake

Lower ambient temperature to “normal”

1

Include probiotic or complex-carbohydrate product (i.e., mannan-oligo-saccharide; MOS) at 0.5 kg per metric ton finished diet through all stages of molt

2 program

Feed intake depends on house temperature. Lower temperatures (colder) may require more feed

3

Monitor air quality in house. Suggested house temperatures may not be achievable in cold weather

4

Set lights at 8 hours or natural day length in open-sided houses. Normally not necessary to change light intensity

5

6

Molt Diet is high in fiber (low in energy) and contains no added sodium (Na) (i.e., no added NaCl or NaHCO

3

)

Light stimulate birds to bring into production by increasing light hours to number of hours they were given before molt (i.e., 15 or 16 hours). Increase can be performed over 1 week (i.e., from 8 hours to 16 hours in a single day) or over 2 weeks (i.e., from 8 to 12 hours and then from 12 to 16 hours). Monitor and control feed intake for first few days after light stimulation to avoid fat birds as they return into lay (which would significantly increase egg weight in

7 second cycle)

According to post-molt nutrition recommendations


21


Molt Diet Recommendations

NUTRITION


2

, kcal/kg


2

, MJ/kg

Lysine, %

Methionine, %

Methionine+cystine,%

Threonine, %

Tryptophan, %

Arginine, %

Isoleucine, %

Valine, %

Crude protein

4

, %

Calcium

5

, %

Phosphorus (available), %

Sodium

6

, %

Chloride, %


1

2600–2800

10.90–11.70


3

0.30 / 0.33

0.15 / 0.16

0.32 / 0.36

0.18 / 0.21

0.10 / 0.12

0.38 / 0.41

0.18 / 0.20

0.23 / 0.26

8.50

1.3–2.0

0.25

0.03

0.03

4

5

6

1

2

3




Diets should always be formulated to provide required intake of amino acid. Concentration of Crude Protein in diet will vary with raw material used and Crude Protein value provided is an estimated typical value only

Calcium carbonate should be in particle sizes of less than 2 mm

Sodium content in Molt Diet should not exceed 0.035%

22



Post-Molt Nutrition Recommendations

FEEDING PHASE POST-MOLT 1

PRODUCTION

100

Peak to 86%

90

60

50

40

30

80

70

20

10

WEEKS OF AGE

0

71 82

POST-MOLT 2 POST-MOLT 3 POST-MOLT 4

85-82% 81-79% < 79%

91


Egg weight (g)

Egg mass (kg)

100 110

NUTRITION


2

, kcal/kg


2

, MJ/kg

Lysine, mg/day

Methionine, mg/day

Methionine+cystine, mg/day

Threonine, mg/day

Tryptophan, mg/day

Arginine, mg/day

Isoleucine, mg/day

Valine, mg/day

Crude protein

4

, g/day

Calcium

5

, g/day


6

, mg/day

Sodium, mg/day

Chloride, mg/day

Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), g/day

Choline, mg/day


1

2538–2811 2538–2811 2538–2811 2538–2811

10.62–11.77 10.62–11.77 10.62–11.77 10.62–11.77


713 / 780

342 / 368

599 / 675

499 / 587

150 / 179

741 / 797

556 / 598

627 / 692


3

713 / 780

342 / 368

713 / 780

342 / 368

599 / 675

499 / 587

150 / 179

741 / 797

556 / 598

627 / 692

599 / 675

499 / 587

150 / 179

741 / 797

556 / 598

627 / 692

713 / 780

342 / 368

599 / 675

499 / 587

150 / 179

741 / 797

556 / 598

627 / 692

14.73

4.70

440

180

180

1.00

100

14.73

4.90

400

180

180

1.00

100

14.73

5.10

380

180

180

1.00

100

14.73

5.30

340

180

180

1.00

100

RECOMMENDED POST-MOLT DIETARY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS

Post-Molt 1 Post-Molt 2 Post-Molt 3 Post-Molt 4

Feed consumption, g/day/bird 93 98 103 108 113 100 105 110 115 120 100 105 110 115 120 99 104 109 114 119

Calcium

5

, % 5.05 4.80 4.56 4.35 4.16 4.90 4.67 4.45 4.26 4.08 5.10 4.86 4.64 4.43 4.25 5.35 5.10 4.86 4.65 4.45


6

, % 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.29

1

2

3

4

5

6





65% of calcium carbonate should be in 2-4 mm particle size



23


Disease Control

A flock of pullets or layers can only perform up to its genetic potential when disease influence is minimized.

The diseases of economic importance vary widely between locations, but in every case the challenge is to identify and control those diseases.

Biosecurity

Biosecurity is the best method of avoiding diseases. A good biosecurity program identifies and controls the most likely ways a disease could enter the farm.

• Human and equipment movement onto farm should be strictly controlled

• Visitors to farm should be limited to those essential for its operation

• Visits should be documented in logbook

• All visitors and workers should shower at central location before entering

• Clean boots, clothing and head cover should be provided for workers and visitors

• Clean footbaths containing disinfectant should be placed outside entries to all poultry houses

• If possible, avoid using outside crews or equipment for vaccination, moving, and beak trimming

• Ideally, workers should be limited to a single house

• For those visiting a number of flocks, flocks visited on one day should be limited. Always progress from younger to older and from healthy to sick flocks. After visiting a sick flock, no other houses should be entered

• Removal of flocks from farm is an opportunity for disease to be introduced as trucks and crews have often been on other farms

• A single-aged growing farm using all-in, all-out principle is best to prevent transmission of disease from older flocks to younger, susceptible flocks

• Houses should be designed to prevent exposure to wild birds, insects and rodents

• Quickly and properly dispose of dead chickens

Rodents

Rodents are known carriers of many poultry diseases and the most common reason for re-contamination of a cleaned and disinfected poultry facility. Also responsible for houseto-house spread of disease on a farm

• Farm should be free of debris and tall grass that provide a hiding area for rodents

• Perimeter of house should have 1 m wide area of crushed rock or concrete to prevent rodents from burrowing into houses

• Feed and eggs should be stored in rodent-proof areas

• Bait stations should be placed throughout house and maintained with fresh rodenticide

Cleaning and Disinfection

Cleaning and disinfection of house between flocks reduces infection pressure for next flock

• Allow minimum of 2 weeks downtime between flocks

• All feed and manure should be removed from house before cleaning

• Thoroughly clean air inlets, fan housing, fan blades and fan louvers

• Heating house during washing improves removal of organic matter

• House should be cleaned of organic matter with high pressure spraying of warm water

• Use foam / gel detergent to soak into organic matter and equipment

• Wash upper portion of house before pit

• Use high pressure warm water to rinse

• Allow house to dry

• After fully dry, apply foam / spray disinfectant followed by fumigation

• Flush and sanitize water lines

• Monitoring of poultry houses for presence of Salmonella, particularly Salmonella enteritidis, is recommended by routine environmental testing

• Allow house to dry before repopulating

Vertically Transmitted Diseases

• Some diseases are known to be transmitted from infected breeders to progeny

• Disease-free breeders is first step in control of these diseases for commercial layers

• All breeders directly under Hy-Line International’s control are free of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma

synoviae, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum,

Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and lymphoid leukosis

• Due to possibility of horizontal transmission of these diseases, later generations may not remain free

• It is responsibility of breeding and commercial flock owners to prevent horizontal transmission of these diseases and continue testing to be assured of a negative status

COCCIDIA

This parasitic infection of the intestines may lead to gut damage and, in severe infestations, death. More commonly, poor control of sub-clinical infection reduces feed conversion or leaves pullets with chronic, irreversible gut damage. Pullet flocks may be uneven or underweight at housing and not perform to their full potential in lay. Control of coccidia includes the following measures (check local regulations):

• Use ionophores or chemicals on a step-down program to ensure immunity in pullets

• Live vaccine use is an alternative to anti-coccidial drug treatments

• Live vaccines are available that can be administered by spray in hatchery or by feed or water application during first few days in brooder house

• Thorough cleaning and disinfection of houses reduces challenge pressure

• Limit bird access to manure belts

• Rearing and production in cages limits exposure to coccidia oocytes in feces

24


0


Vaccination Recommendations

Vaccination

Certain diseases are too widespread or difficult to eradicate and require a routine vaccination program. In general, all layer flocks should be vaccinated against Newcastle disease (NDV), infectious bronchitis (IB), infectious bursal disease (IBD or

Gumboro), avian encephalomyelitis (AE) and fowl pox.

A single program cannot be recommended for all regions. Consult with local veterinarians to determine the best vaccination program for your area.

BASIC COMMERCIAL LAYER VACCINE APPLICATIONS

0 2 4

Marek’s disease

6

WEEKS OF AGE

8 10 12 14 16

IBD, Gumboro

• All commercial layers should be vaccinated with

Marek’s vaccine in hatchery

• Rispens or Rispens / HVT vaccine preferred

• HVT / SB1 used in low challenge areas

• Given between days 15–18, 21–25, 28–32, IBD live vaccinations based on maternal antibody decline and field challenge

• Drinking water vaccination preferred

• HVT—IBD vector vaccine available for hatchery administration

Newcastle disease, moderate challenge areas, no velogenic Newcastle present

• 2–3 live vaccinations, allow 4–6 weeks between last live vaccination and injected inactivated vaccine

Newcastle disease, high challenge areas, velogenic Newcastle present

• Simultaneous live (eye drop) and inactivated vaccine provides good protection in high challenge areas

• Live boosting vaccinations every 30–60 days during production period may be needed to maintain high immunity

Infectious bronchitis

Avian encephalomyelitis

• Use Newcastle-bronchitis combination vaccines

• 2-3 live vaccinations using multiple IB serotypes build cross-protective immunity (if serotypes have been identified in the area)

• Last live vaccination should be administered as a spray

• Live boosting vaccinations every 30–60 days during production period may be needed to maintain high immunity

• Given once between 6 and 15 weeks to prevent egg drops

• Given via drinking water or often combined with fowl pox vaccine as a wing-web inoculation

Fowl pox

• 1 or 2 vaccinations

• Vaccination in birds less than 6 weeks should use highly attenuated fowl pox vaccine or pigeon pox

• Use pigeon pox with fowl pox to provide better cross-protection

• Most outbreaks due to poor vaccination technique

2 4 6 8 10

WEEKS OF AGE

12 14 16

Live hatchery vaccines, given subcutaneous

Live vaccines, administered by drinking water, spray or eyedrop

Live vaccines, administered via wing-web inoculation

Inactivated vaccines, injected via intramuscular or subcutaneous route


25



(continued)

OPTIONAL COMMERCIAL LAYER VACCINE APPLICATIONS

Use if these diseases are prevalent in the area, consult a local veterinarian for advice in designing an effective vaccination program for your farm.

0 2 4 6

WEEKS OF AGE

8 10

Infectious coryza

12 14 16

Fowl cholera

• 2 vaccinations separated by 4 weeks

• Autogenous vaccines utilizing local isolates are sometimes used

• 2 vaccinations separated by 4 weeks

• Autogenous vaccines utilizing local isolates are sometimes used

• Live cholera vaccines such as M-9 or PM-1 are also used

Infectious laryngotracheitis

Egg drop syndrome

• 2 vaccinations

• Eye drop is the preferred method of vaccination

• Do not vaccinate within 7 days of another live respiratory vaccine

• Many ILT outbreaks are due to unwanted spread of

ILT vaccine

• ILT-HVT vector vaccine available for hatchery administration

• ILT-pox vector vaccine available

• 1 vaccination is highly effective

Avian pneumovirus

Mycoplasma gallisepticum, live vaccines

• Live and inactivated vaccines available

• A vaccination program using both live and killed vaccines is most effective

• Live vaccines can control economic impact of

MG infection

• TS-11, 6 / 85 and F-strain vaccines available

• Use F-strain for stronger protection

Mycoplasma gallisepticum, inactivated bacterins

• Inactivated MG bacterins available

• Often MG bacterins are in combination with Newcastle and bronchitis

0 2 4 6 8 10

WEEKS OF AGE

12 14 16





26




(continued)

RECOMBINANT HVT VACCINES

Vaccines using recombinant vector technology offer the convenience of hatchery administration with no adverse effects caused by some live field vaccinations. For best Marek’s disease protection use Rispens vaccine in combination with recombinant HVT vaccine.

CAUTION: Do not use another HVT vaccine when using HVT-vectored vaccines.

0 2 4 6

WEEKS OF AGE

8 10

IBD, Gumboro, HVT vector

(vHVT—IBD)

12 14 16

IBD protective gene (VP2) inserted into non-essential region of HVT virus

• Eliminates need for field vaccinations with live

IBD vaccines

• No interference from maternal antibodies

Newcastle, HVT vector

(vHVT—NDV)

Laryngotracheitis, HVT vector

(vHVT—ILT)

NDV protective genes (fusion protein and neuraminidase) inserted into non-essential region of HVT virus

• Reduces number of live field vaccinations

• Inactivated vaccine still needed for best long-term protection

ILT protective genes inserted into non-essential region of

HVT virus

• May reduce need for live vaccination depending on field challenge

0 2 4 6 8 10

WEEKS OF AGE

12 14 16






27


Performance Standards

91 – 93

91 – 92

90 – 92

90 – 92

89 – 91

89 – 91

88 – 90

88 – 90

88 – 90

88 – 89

87 – 89

87 – 89

87 – 88

87 – 88

86 – 88

86 – 87

85 – 87

85 – 87

85 – 87

84 – 86

94 – 96

94 – 95

94 – 95

94 – 95

94 – 95

93 – 94

93 – 94

93 – 94

92 – 93

92 – 93

% HEN-DAY

Current

4 – 14

24 – 38

45 – 72

75 – 86

87 – 92

92 – 94

92 – 95

93 – 95

94 – 96

95 – 96

95 – 96

95 – 96

94 – 96

50

51

52

47

48

49

44

45

46

41

42

43

56

57

58

59

60

53

54

55

34

35

36

31

32

33

37

38

39

40

28

29

30

25

26

27

AGE

(weeks)

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

* Egg weights after 40 weeks of age assume phase feeding of protein to limit egg size

HEN-DAY

EGGS

Cumulative

0.3 – 1.0

2.0 – 3.6

5.1 – 8.7

10.4 – 14.7

16.5 – 21.1

22.9 – 27.7

29.3 – 34.4

HEN-HOUSED

EGGS

Cumulative

0.3 – 1.0

2.0 – 3.6

5.1 – 8.7

10.3 – 14.7

16.4 – 21.1

22.8 – 27.7

29.2 – 34.3

35.8 – 41.0

42.4 – 47.7

35.7 – 40.9

42.3 – 47.6

49.1 – 54.5

48.9 – 54.3

MORTALITY

Cumulative (%)

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.6

55.7 – 61.2

62.4 – 67.9

69.0 – 74.6

75.5 – 81.3

82.1 – 88.0

88.7 – 94.6

55.5 – 60.9

62.1 – 67.6

68.6 – 74.3

75.1 – 80.9

81.7 – 87.5

88.2 – 94.1

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9

95.3 – 101.3

94.7 – 100.7

101.9 – 107.9 101.2 – 107.3

108.4 –114.5

107.6 – 113.8

114.9 – 121.1

114.1 – 120.3

121.4 – 127.7 120.5 – 126.8

127.8 – 134.2 126.9 – 133.2

134.3 – 140.7 133.2 – 139.6

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.0

1.0

1.1

140.6 – 147.2 139.5 – 146.0

147.0 – 153.7 145.8 – 152.4

153.3 – 160.1 152.0 – 158.7

159.6 – 166.5 158.1 – 165.0

165.8 – 172.9 164.3 – 171.3

172.1 – 179.3 170.4 – 177.6

178.2 – 185.6 176.4 – 183.7

184.4 – 191.9 182.5 – 189.9

190.5 – 198.2 188.5 – 196.1

196.7 – 204.4 194.5 – 202.2

202.8 – 210.6 200.5 – 208.3

208.9 – 216.9 206.4 – 214.4

215.0 – 223.0 212.4 – 220.4

221.1 – 229.2 218.3 – 226.4

227.1 – 235.3 224.2 – 232.4

233.1 – 241.4 230.1 – 238.4

239.1 – 247.5 235.9 – 244.3

245.0 – 253.6 241.7 – 250.2

251.0 – 259.7 247.5 – 256.1

256.8 – 265.7 253.2 – 262.0

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.2

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.4

1.5

1.6

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.8

1.87 – 1.99

1.88 – 2.00

1.88 – 2.00

1.88 – 2.00

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.89 – 2.01

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

BODY

WEIGHT

(kg)

1.47 – 1.57

1.57 – 1.67

1.63 – 1.73

1.67 – 1.77

1.72 – 1.82

1.75 – 1.85

1.78 – 1.90

1.79 – 1.91

1.80 – 1.92

1.82 – 1.94

1.83 – 1.95

1.84 – 1.96

1.84 – 1.96

1.84 – 1.96

1.85 – 1.97

1.85 – 1.97

1.85 – 1.97

1.85 – 1.97

1.86 – 1.98

1.86 – 1.98

1.86 – 1.98

1.87 – 1.99

1.87 – 1.99

10.6

11.0

11.4

11.8

12.2

12.5

8.3

8.7

9.1

9.5

9.9

10.3

12.9

13.3

13.7

14.0

14.4

14.8

15.1

15.5

4.3

4.7

5.1

5.5

5.9

6.3

6.7

7.1

7.5

7.9

HEN-

HOUSED

EGG MASS

Cumulative (kg)

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.9

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.3

2.7

3.1

3.5

3.9

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

107 – 113

107 – 113

107 – 113

107 – 113

107 – 113

107 – 113

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

FEED

CONSUMPTION

(g / day per bird)

82 – 88

85 – 91

91 – 97

95 – 101

99 – 105

103 – 109

105 – 111

106 – 112

107 – 113

107 – 113

107 – 113

107 – 113

107 – 113

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

108 – 114

61.2 – 63.6

61.3 – 63.9

61.5 – 64.1

61.6 – 64.2

61.6 – 64.2

61.7 – 64.3

61.8 – 64.4

61.9 – 64.5

62.0 – 64.6

62.1 – 64.7

62.1 – 64.7

62.2 – 64.8

62.2 – 64.8

62.2 – 64.8

62.2 – 64.8

62.3 – 64.9

62.3 – 64.9

62.3 – 64.9

62.4 – 65.0

62.4 – 65.0

AVERAGE

EGG WEIGHT*

(g / egg)

48.8 – 50.0

49.0 – 51.0

50.2 – 52.2

51.5 – 53.6

53.1 – 55.3

54.4 – 56.6

55.5 – 57.7

56.6 – 59.0

57.3 – 59.7

58.4 – 60.8

59.0 – 61.4

59.3 – 61.7

59.7 – 62.1

59.9 – 62.3

60.1 – 62.5

60.3 – 62.7

60.5 – 62.9

60.6 – 63.0

60.7 – 63.1

60.8 – 63.2

60.9 – 63.3

61.0 – 63.4

61.1 – 63.5

28



Performance Standards

(continued)

77

78

79

74

75

76

80

81

82

83

87

88

89

90

84

85

86

71

72

73

68

69

70

AGE

(weeks)

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

% HEN-DAY

Current

84 – 86

83 – 86

83 – 85

83 – 85

83 – 85

82 – 84

81 – 84

HEN-DAY

EGGS

Cumulative

HEN-HOUSED

EGGS

Cumulative

262.7 – 271.7 258.9 – 267.8

268.5 – 277.8 264.5 – 273.7

274.3 – 283.7 270.1 – 279.4

280.1 – 289.7 275.8 – 285.2

286.0 – 295.6 281.4 – 291.0

291.7 – 301.5 286.9 – 296.6

297.4 – 307.4 292.4 – 302.3

81 – 83 303.0 – 313.2 297.9 – 307.9

81 – 82 308.7 – 318.9 303.3 – 313.4

80 – 82 314.3 – 324.7 308.7 – 319.0

MORTALITY

Cumulative (%)

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.7

3.8

79 – 81

79 – 81

319.8 – 330.3 314.0 – 324.4

325.4 – 336.0 319.3 – 329.9

78 – 80 330.8 – 341.6 324.6 – 335.2

77 – 80

76 – 79

76 – 78

336.2 –347.2 329.7 – 340.6

341.5 – 352.7 334.8 – 345.9

346.9 – 358.2 339.9 – 351.1

75 – 77

75 – 77

74 – 77

74 – 76

74 – 76

74 – 76

73 – 75

73 – 75

73 – 75

73 – 75

72 – 74

72 – 74

72 – 74

72 – 74

352.1 – 363.6 344.9 – 356.2

357.4 – 369.0 349.9 – 361.3

362.5 – 374.4 354.8 – 366.5

367.7 – 379.7 359.7 – 371.5

372.9 – 385.0 364.6 – 376.5

378.1 – 390.3 369.5 – 381.6

383.2 – 395.6 374.4 – 386.5

388.3 – 400.8 379.2 – 391.5

393.4 – 406.1 384.0 – 396.4

398.5 – 411.3 388.8 – 401.4

403.6 – 416.5 393.5 – 406.2

408.6 – 421.7 398.2 – 411.1

413.6 – 426.9 402.9 – 415.9

418.7 – 432.0 407.7 – 420.7

3.9

4.0

4.1

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.7

4.8

5.0

5.1

5.3

5.4

5.6

5.7

5.9

6.0

6.2

6.3

6.5

6.6

BODY

WEIGHT

(kg)

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.90 – 2.02

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03

1.91 – 2.03


20.4

20.7

21.1

21.4

21.7

22.0

22.4

22.7

23.0

23.3

HEN-

HOUSED

EGG MASS

Cumulative (kg)

15.9

16.2

16.6

16.9

17.3

17.7

18.0

18.4

18.7

19.1

19.4

19.7

20.1

23.6

23.9

24.2

24.5

24.9

25.2

25.5

FEED

CONSUMPTION

(g / day per bird)

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

106 – 112

AVERAGE

EGG WEIGHT*

(g / egg)

62.5 – 65.1

62.5 – 65.1

62.6 – 65.2

62.6 – 65.2

62.7 – 65.3

62.7 – 65.3

62.8 – 65.4

62.8 – 65.4

62.9 – 65.5

62.9 – 65.5

63.0 – 65.6

63.0 – 65.6

63.1 – 65.7

63.1 – 65.7

63.2 – 65.8

63.2 – 65.8

63.3 – 65.9

63.3 – 65.9

63.4 – 66.0

63.5 – 66.1

63.5 – 66.1

63.5 – 66.1

63.6 – 66.2

63.6 – 66.2

63.6 – 66.2

63.6 – 66.2

63.7 – 66.3

63.7 – 66.3

63.7 – 66.3

63.7 – 66.3


29


Performance Standards Graph

(g) BODY WEIGHT

30


Y (%)

ODUCTION (%)

EGG WEIGHT (g)

MORTALIT

HEN-DAY EGG PR


Post-Molt Performance Standards

98

99

100

101

102

103

95

96

97

92

93

94

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

85

86

87

82

83

84

88

89

90

91

79

80

81

76

77

78

AGE

(weeks)

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

% HEN–DAY

Current

0 – 0

0 – 0

0 – 0

12 – 15

38 – 41

62 – 65

76 – 79

80 – 83

82 – 85

85 – 87

85 – 87

85 – 87

86 – 88

86 – 88 353.5 – 365.7 345.8 – 357.8

85 – 87 359.5 – 371.8 351.5 – 363.6

85 – 87 365.4 – 377.9 357.1 – 369.3

84 – 87

84 – 87

371.3 – 384.0 362.6 – 375.0

377.2 – 390.1 368.1 – 380.8

83 – 86 383.0 – 396.1 373.6 – 386.4

83 – 86 388.8 – 402.1 379.0 – 392.1

83 – 86 394.6 – 408.1 384.5 – 397.7

82 – 85

82 – 85

400.4 – 414.1 389.8 – 403.3

406.1 – 420.0 395.2 – 408.8

77 – 80

77 – 80

77 – 80

76 – 79

76 – 79

76 – 79

76 – 79

HEN–DAY

EGGS

Cumulative

HEN–HOUSED

EGGS

Cumulative

299.2 – 309.4 294.1 – 304.2

299.2 – 309.4 294.1 – 304.2

299.2 – 309.4 294.1 – 304.2

300.0 – 310.4 294.9 – 305.2

302.7 – 313.3 297.4 – 307.9

307.0 – 317.8 301.6 – 312.3

312.3 – 323.4 306.7 – 317.6

317.9 – 329.2 312.0 – 323.1

323.7 – 335.1 317.5 – 328.8

329.6 – 341.2 323.1 – 334.6

335.6 – 347.3 328.8 – 340.4

341.5 – 353.4 334.4 – 346.1

347.5 – 359.6 340.1 – 352.0

81 – 84

81 – 84

81 – 84

411.8 – 425.9 400.5 – 414.3

417.5 – 431.8 405.7 – 419.7

423.1 – 437.7 411.0 – 425.2

80 – 83 428.7 – 443.5 416.2 – 430.6

80 – 83 434.3 – 449.3 421.4 – 435.9

80 – 83 439.9 – 455.1 426.5 – 441.3

79 – 82

79 – 82

79 – 82

78 – 81

78 – 81

78 – 81

445.5 – 460.8 431.6 – 446.6

451.0 – 466.6 436.7 – 451.9

456.5 – 472.3 441.8 – 457.1

462.0 – 478.0 446.8 – 462.3

467.4 – 483.7 451.7 – 467.5

472.9 – 489.3 456.7 – 472.7

478.3 – 494.9 461.6 – 477.7

483.7 – 500.5 466.5 – 482.8

489.1 – 506.1 471.4 – 487.9

494.4 – 511.7 476.2 – 492.9

499.7 – 517.2 481.0 – 497.9

505.0 – 522.7 485.5 – 502.8

510.3 – 528.3 490.5 – 507.8

MORTALITY

Cumulative (%)

3.7

3.9

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.9

5.0

5.1

5.2

5.4

5.5

5.7

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.4

6.6

6.8

7.9

8.1

8.3

8.5

8.7

8.9

6.9

7.1

7.3

7.4

7.6

7.8

9.1

9.3

9.5

9.7

9.9

10.1

10.4


26.9

27.3

27.6

27.9

28.3

28.6

24.9

25.3

25.6

25.9

26.3

26.6

28.9

29.2

29.6

29.9

30.2

30.5

30.8

21.3

21.7

22.1

22.4

22.8

23.2

23.5

23.9

24.2

24.6

HEN–

HOUSED

EGG MASS

Cumulative (kg)

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.1

18.2

18.5

18.8

19.2

19.5

19.9

20.2

20.6

21.0

BODY

WEIGHT

(kg)

1.71 – 1.81

1.74 – 1.84

1.77 – 1.87

1.81 – 1.91

FEED

CONSUMPTION

(g / day per bird)

– – –

0.0 – 0.0

0.0 – 0.0

85.0 – 95.0

1.85 – 1.95

1.86 – 1.96

90.0 – 100.0

95.0 – 105.0

1.87 – 1.97

100.0 – 110.0

1.88 – 1.98

103.0 – 113.0

1.88 – 1.98

104.0 – 114.0

1.88 – 1.98

105.0 – 115.0

1.88 – 1.98

106.0 – 116.0

1.89 – 1.99

107.0 – 117.0

1.89 – 1.99

107.0 – 117.0

1.90 – 2.00

108.0 – 118.0

1.90 – 2.00

108.0 – 118.0

1.90 – 2.00

109.0 – 119.0

1.91 – 2.01

109.0 – 119.0

1.91 – 2.01

110.0 – 120.0

1.91 – 2.01

110.0 – 120.0

1.91 – 2.01

110.0 – 120.0

1.91 – 2.01

110.0 – 120.0

1.92 – 2.02

110.0 – 120.0

1.92 – 2.02

110.0 – 120.0

1.92 – 2.02

111.0 – 121.0

1.92 – 2.02

111.0 – 121.0

1.92 – 2.02

111.0 – 121.0

1.92 – 2.02

110.0 – 120.0

1.93 – 2.03

110.0 – 120.0

1.93 – 2.03

110.0 – 120.0

1.93 – 2.03

109.0 – 119.0

1.93 – 2.03

109.0 – 119.0

1.93 – 2.03

109.0 – 119.0

1.93 – 2.03

108.0 – 118.0

1.94 – 2.03

108.0 – 118.0

1.94 – 2.03

107.0 – 117.0

1.94 – 2.03

107.0 – 117.0

1.94 – 2.03

106.0 – 116.0

1.94 – 2.03

106.0 – 116.0

1.94 – 2.04

105.0 – 115.0

1.95 – 2.05

105.0 – 115.0

1.95 – 2.05

104.0 – 114.0

1.95 – 2.05

104.0 – 114.0

65.5

65.6

65.6

65.6

65.6

65.6

65.5

65.5

65.5

65.5

65.5

65.5

65.7

65.7

65.7

65.7

65.7

65.7

65.7

65.0

65.1

65.1

65.2

65.2

65.3

65.3

65.4

65.4

65.5

AVERAGE

EGG WEIGHT*

(g / egg)

–

–

–

64.0

64.1

64.2

64.3

64.4

64.5

64.6

64.7

64.8

64.9


31


Post-Molt Performance Standards Graph

(g) BODY WEIGHT

32


Y (%)

ODUCTION (%)

EGG WEIGHT (g)

MORTALIT

HEN-DAY EGG PR


Egg Quality and Egg Size Standards

EGG QUALITY

80.8

80.5

80.2

80.1

80.0

79.9

79.8

79.7

79.7

81.9

81.6

81.5

81.1

81.0

84.6

84.0

83.1

82.6

82.2

87.8

87.1

86.4

85.6

85.0

91.5

90.6

90.0

89.3

88.5

HAUGH

UNITS

97.8

97.0

96.0

95.1

94.2

93.3

92.2

84

86

88

90

74

76

78

80

82

64

66

68

70

72

54

56

58

60

62

44

46

48

50

52

34

36

38

40

42

AGE

(weeks)

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

4055

4040

4020

3995

3985

3975

3965

3960

3955

4110

4095

4085

4075

4065

4225

4190

4170

4150

4130

4355

4320

4305

4280

4250

4490

4450

4425

4405

4375

BREAKING

STRENGTH

4605

4590

4580

4570

4560

4540

4515

79

79

79

79

80

80

80

80

79

83

83

82

81

81

86

85

85

85

84

87

87

87

86

86

88

87

87

87

87

SHELL

COLOR

89

89

89

88

88

88

88

64.8

64.8

64.9

64.9

65.0

65.0

64.2

64.3

64.4

64.5

64.6

63.7

63.8

63.9

64.0

64.1

63.4

63.5

63.5

63.6

63.6

AVERAGE

EGG WEIGHT

(g)

51.2

54.2

56.6

58.5

60.2

62.3

62.6

62.9

63.0

63.2

60.9

61.3

61.7

61.9

62.1

80

82

84

86

88

90

70

72

74

76

78

60

62

64

66

68

50

52

54

56

58

40

42

44

46

48

30

32

34

36

38

AGE

(weeks)

20

22

24

26

28

EGG SIZE DISTRIBUTION—E.U.STANDARDS

5.1

5.9

6.9

8.1

9.2

10.3

1.6

1.9

2.6

3.1

4.0

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.9

1.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

% VERY

LARGE

Over 73 g

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

59.9

59.1

58.3

57.1

56.3

55.2

60.4

60.8

60.7

60.7

60.4

58.2

59.0

59.7

60.3

60.4

55.5

56.5

56.5

57.3

57.3

% LARGE

63–73 g

0.0

0.0

0.3

2.5

11.2

39.0

43.9

48.5

50.0

52.8

18.1

23.9

29.4

32.3

35.9

35.1

34.9

34.8

34.8

34.4

34.4

38.0

37.3

36.7

36.2

35.6

41.5

40.6

39.8

38.9

38.4

44.5

43.5

43.4

42.6

42.5

% MEDIUM

53–63 g

21.7

69.9

93.9

96.6

88.7

61.0

56.1

51.5

50.0

47.1

81.9

76.0

70.6

67.7

64.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

% SMALL

43–53 g

78.3

30.1

5.9

0.8

0.1

SHELL COLOR SCORES

70 80 90 100 110


33


Egg Size Standards

(continued)

80

82

84

86

88

90

70

72

74

76

78

60

62

64

66

68

50

52

54

56

58

40

42

44

46

48

30

32

34

36

38

AGE

(weeks)

20

22

24

26

28

EGG SIZE DISTRIBUTION—U.S.STANDARDS

10.3

11.3

12.7

13.7

15.0

15.9

4.8

5.4

6.6

7.4

8.7

1.5

1.9

2.6

3.2

3.7

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.9

1.2

% JUMBO

Over 30 oz. / dozen

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

50.95

51.03

51.11

51.19

51.27

51.43

51.43

51.51

51.51

51.59

51.59

50.32

50.40

50.40

50.48

50.48

50.56

50.63

50.71

50.79

50.87

AVERAGE

EGG WEIGHT

(lbs. / case)

40.63

43.02

44.92

46.43

47.78

48.33

48.65

48.97

49.13

49.29

49.44

49.68

49.92

50.00

50.16

48.0

47.0

46.0

45.2

44.0

43.1

49.6

49.6

49.1

49.1

48.4

47.5

48.3

48.6

49.5

49.5

44.1

45.5

45.5

46.5

46.5

% EXTRA

LARGE

27–30 oz. / dozen

0.0

0.0

0.1

1.1

5.9

27.5

32.3

36.5

38.3

41.4

10.5

15.0

19.2

21.5

24.9

41.3

41.2

40.9

40.8

40.7

40.6

45.2

44.5

43.7

43.1

42.6

50.4

49.3

48.2

46.8

46.1

54.7

53.3

53.2

51.9

51.7

% LARGE

24–27 oz. / dozen

0.8

14.0

48.2

77.2

87.7

71.2

66.5

62.5

60.5

57.4

86.2

82.3

79.0

76.9

73.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

% MEDIUM

21–24 oz. / dozen

74.8

83.8

51.6

21.7

6.4

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.0

0.9

3.4

2.8

1.9

1.5

1.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

% SMALL

18–21 oz. / dozen

24.3

2.3

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

34



Egg Size Standards Graphs

EGG SIZE DISTRIBUTION—E.U.STANDARDS

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60

WEEKS OF AGE

62 64 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90

VERY LARGE

Over 73 g

LARGE

63–73 g

MEDIUM

53–63 g

SMALL

43–53 g

EGG SIZE DISTRIBUTION—U.S.STANDARDS

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60

WEEKS OF AGE

62 64 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90

JUMBO

Over 30 oz. / dozen

EXTRA LARGE

27–30 oz. / dozen

LARGE

24–27 oz. / dozen

MEDIUM

21–24 oz. / dozen

SMALL

18–21 oz. / dozen


35


Feed Ingredient Table 1

INGREDIENT (as-fed basis)

Barley, grain 89.0

11.5

1.9

5.0

0.08

0.42

0.15

0.03

0.14

0.56

0.15

1250 2750 11.51

1.1

1027

Beans, broad (vicia faba) 89.0

25.7

1.4

Calcium carbonate (38%Ca) 99.5

– –

8.2

0.14

0.54

0.20

0.08

0.04

1.20

– 38.00

– – 0.06

– 0.06

Canola meal (38%) 91.0

38.0

3.8

11.1

0.68

1.20

0.40

Canola oil 99.0

– 99.0

– – – –

–

–

–

–

1.29

–

–

–

1.00

–

1100

–

960

4000

2420

–

2110

8820

10.13

–

8.83

0.9

–

0.6

36.92 20.50

1670

–

6700

–

Corn, yellow, grain 86.0

7.5

3.5

1.9

0.01

0.28

0.12

0.02

0.04

0.33

0.08

1530 3373 14.12

1.9

1100

Corn gluten feed 88.0

21.0

2.0

10.0

0.20

0.90

0.22

0.15

0.22

1.30

0.16

795 1750 7.32

1.6

2420

Corn gluten meal (60%) 90.0

60.0

2.0

2.5

0.02

0.50

0.18

0.03

0.05

0.45

0.50

1700 3740 15.65

1.8

2200

Distillers dried grains, corn 92.0

27.0

9.0

13.0

0.09

0.41

0.17

0.25

0.07

0.16

0.43

910 2000 8.37

5.05

1850

Cottonseed meal (41%), mech. Extd 91.0

41.0

3.9

12.6

0.17

0.97

0.32

0.04

0.04

1.20

0.40

955 2100 8.79

0.8

2807

Cottonseed meal (41%), direct solv.

90.0

41.0

2.1

11.3

0.16

1.00

0.32

0.04

0.04

1.16

0.30

915 2010 8.41

0.4

2706

Dicalcium phosphate (18.5% P) 99.5

– – – 22.00 18.50 18.50

0.08

– 0.07

– – – – – –

DL-Methionine 99.5

58.1

Fat, animal 99.0

–

Fat, animal-vegetable blend 98.0

Fat, vegetable 99.0

–

–

–

98.0

92.0

99.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2277 5020 21.01

–

3600 7920 33.15

–

3800 8379 35.07 30.00

4000 8800 36.83 40.00

Fish meal, anchovy, Peruvian 91.0

65.0

10.0

1.0

4.00

2.85

2.85

0.88

0.60

0.90

0.54

1280 2820 11.80

0.1

5100

Fish meal, white 91.0

61.0

4.0

1.0

7.00

3.50

3.50

0.97

0.50

1.10

0.22

1180 2600 10.88

0.1

4050

Flaxseed 92.0

22.0

34.0

6.5

0.25

0.50

– 0.08

– 1.50

– 1795 3957 16.56 54.00

3150

–

–

–

–

Linseed meal flax (expeller) 90.0

32.0

3.5

Linseed meal flax (solvent) 88.0

33.0

0.5

L-Lysine·HCl 99.5

93.4

L-Threonine 99.5

72.4

–

–

L-Tryptophan 95.0

84.0

–

Meat and bone meal, 50% 93.0

50.0

8.5

Mono-dicalcium phosphate (21% P) 99.5

– –

–

–

9.5

0.40

0.80

9.5

0.35

0.75

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.11

0.14

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.24

0.39

700 1540 6.45

0.5

1672

1.38

0.39

635 1400 5.86

0.1

1760

–

–

–

–

1868

1619

4120

3570

17.24

14.94

–

–

–

–

– – – – – – – – 2653 5850 24.49

– –

2.8

9.20

4.70

4.70

0.80

0.75

1.40

0.40

1150 2530 10.59

0.5

2000

– 16.00 21.00

– 0.05

– 0.06

– – – – – –

Oats, grain 90.0

11.0

4.0

10.5

0.10

0.35

0.14

0.07

0.12

0.37

0.21

1160 2550 10.67

2.4

1070

Peanut meal, solvent 90.0

47.0

2.5

8.4

0.08

0.57

0.18

0.07

0.03

1.22

0.30

1217 2677 11.20

0.5

1948

Poultry byproduct meal (feed grade) 94.0

57.0

14.0

2.5

5.00

2.70

2.70

0.30

0.55

0.60

0.50

1406 3100 12.98

0.7

5980

Rice bran, unextracted 91.0

13.5

5.9

13.0

0.10

1.70

0.24

0.10

0.07

1.35

0.18

925 2040 8.54

5.2

1390

Rice, grain, rough 89.0

7.3

1.7

10.0

0.04

0.26

0.09

0.04

0.06

0.34

0.10

1335 2940 12.31

0.83

1014

Safflower seed meal, expeller 91.0

20.0

6.6

32.2

0.23

0.61

0.20

0.05

0.16

0.72

0.10

525 1160 4.86

– 800

Salt, NaCl

Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO

3

Sorghum, milo, grain

99.6

99.0

89.0

–

–

11.0

–

–

2.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

39.34 60.66

27.38

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.0

0.04

0.29

0.10

0.03

0.09

0.34

0.09

1505 3310 13.85

1.3

–

–

678

Soybeans, full-fat, cooked 90.0

38.0

18.0

5.0

0.25

0.59

0.20

0.04

0.03

1.70

0.30

1520 3350 14.02

9.9

2420

Soybean meal, expeller 89.0

42.0

3.5

6.5

0.20

0.60

0.20

0.04

0.02

1.71

0.33

1100 2420 10.13

1.8

2673

Soybean meal, solvent 90.0

44.0

0.5

Soybean meal dehulled, solvent 88.0

47.8

1.0

7.0

0.25

0.60

0.20

0.04

0.02

1.97

0.43

1020 2240 9.38

0.3

2743

3.0

0.31

0.72

0.24

0.04

0.02

2.05

0.43

1115 2458 10.29

0.6

2850

Soybean oil 99.0

– 99.0

– – – – – – –

Sunflower meal, expeller 93.0

41.0

7.6

21.0

0.43

1.00

0.25

0.20

0.01

1.00

–

–

4000

1050

8820

2310

36.92 40.00

9.67

6.5

–

–

Sunflower meal, partially dehul, solv.

92.0

34.0

0.5

13.0

0.30

1.25

0.27

0.20

0.01

1.60

0.38

1025 2260 9.46

0.2

1909

Triticale 90.0

12.5

1.5

– 0.05

0.30

0.10

– 0.07

– 0.20

1430 3150 13.18

0.9

460

Wheat, hard grain 88.0

13.5

1.9

3.0

0.05

0.41

0.12

0.06

0.07

0.50

0.10

1440 3170 13.27

1.0

778

Wheat, soft grain 86.0

10.8

1.7

2.8

0.05

0.30

0.11

0.06

0.07

0.40

0.10

1460 3210 13.44

1.0

778

Wheat bran 89.0

14.8

4.0

10.0

0.14

1.17

0.38

0.06

0.14

1.20

0.22

590 1300 5.44

2.1

Wheat middlings

89.0

15.0

3.6

8.5

0.15

1.17

0.45

0.06

0.07

0.60

0.16

950 2090 8.75

1.9

980

1100

Nutrient recommendations are based on calculations using these energy and nutrient values (source: 2014 Feedstuffs

Reference Issue and field data). Values provided are “typical” based on ingredient surveys. Nutrient values should be confirmed by analysis of the materials being used in order to maintain an accurate formulation matrix

36



Feed Ingredient Table 2

CRUDE

PROTEIN

(%)

LYSINE

(%)

METHIONINE

(%)

CYSTINE

(%)

THREONINE

(%)

TRYPTOPHAN

(%)

ARGININE

(%)

ISOLEUCINE

(%)

VALINE

(%)

INGREDIENT

(as-fed basis)

Barley

Beans, Field

Corn

Corn Gluten Feed

Corn Gluten Meal

Dist Dried Grains & Sol, Corn

Cottonseed Meal

DL-Methionine

Fish Meal (65%)

Fish Meal (61%)

Linseed Products

L-Lysine·HCl

L-Threonine

L-Tryptophan

Meat And Bone Meal

Oats

Peanut Meal

Poultry Byproduct Meal

Rapeseed Meal

Rice

Rice Bran

Safflower Meal

Sorghum

Soybean Expeller

Soybean Meal (44%)

Soybean Meal (47.8%)

Soybean, full-fat

Sunflower Meal (34%)

Sunflower Meal (41%)

Triticale

Wheat (13.5%)

Wheat (10.8%)

Wheat Bran

Wheat Middlings

20.0

11.0

42.0

44.0

47.8

38.0

34.0

50.0

11.0

47.0

57.0

38.0

7.3

13.5

41.0

12.5

13.5

10.8

14.8

15.0

58.1

65.0

61.0

22.0

93.4

72.4

84.0

11.5

25.7

7.5

21.0

60.0

27.0

41.0

Digestible content Digestible content Digestible content Digestible content

0.40

0.35

0.18

0.16

0.24

0.21

0.38

0.32

0.14

1.61

1.37

0.18

0.13

0.30

0.20

0.88

0.69

0.22

0.23

0.21

0.16

0.15

0.17

0.15

0.27

0.23

0.06

0.65

0.47

0.34

0.29

0.44

0.29

0.75

0.57

0.10

0.99

0.75

1.43

1.26

1.03

0.80

2.00

1.58

0.32

0.76

0.57

0.53

0.43

0.50

0.38

1.01

0.72

0.22

1.63

1.06

0.58

0.42

0.65

0.48

1.27

0.86

0.51

– – 99.00

99.00

– – – – –

4.67

4.02

1.72

1.48

0.54

0.39

2.61

2.08

0.66

4.24

3.65

1.57

1.35

0.50

0.36

2.39

1.92

0.60

Digestible content Digestible content Digestible content Digestible content

0.10

0.56

0.48

0.39

0.35

0.55

0.46

0.15

2.27

1.97

1.02

0.74

1.15

0.83

0.05

0.36

0.34

0.25

0.24

0.35

0.32

0.09

0.96

0.85

0.62

0.51

0.99

0.83

0.21

1.88

1.62

2.39

2.05

2.71

2.30

0.17

1.16

0.85

0.99

0.83

1.31

1.06

0.40

4.67

4.11

1.25

0.89

1.75

1.29

– – – – – – –

0.52

3.71

3.04

2.60

2.21

3.05

2.53

0.47

3.45

2.83

2.39

2.03

2.82

2.34

0.92

0.83

0.39

0.31

0.37

0.29

0.80

0.73

0.33

78.80 78.80

– – – – – – –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

98.50 98.50

– –

–

0.30

–

–

98.00

98.00

1.99

–

–

–

1.83

–

–

–

0.90

–

–

–

0.79

–

–

–

1.07

–

–

–

0.92

–

–

–

2.33

1.61

0.65

0.46

0.41

0.20

1.53

0.95

0.29

0.44

0.39

0.18

0.15

0.31

0.26

0.37

0.31

0.15

1.50

1.14

0.49

0.42

0.59

0.47

1.20

1.02

0.46

0.15

0.12

0.40

3.45

0.72

5.19

2.66

0.67

4.72

1.36

0.40

1.50

0.94

0.35

1.34

2.02

0.54

1.82

1.42

0.48

1.62

3.40

2.72

1.10

0.92

0.72

0.49

2.21

1.70

0.55

1.95

1.56

0.73

0.61

0.92

0.71

1.55

1.13

0.52

0.26

0.21

0.19

0.17

0.17

0.14

0.25

0.20

0.09

0.61

0.45

0.26

0.20

0.27

0.19

0.50

0.34

0.17

0.59

0.49

0.30

0.26

0.32

0.25

0.62

0.45

0.19

0.25

0.23

0.19

0.17

0.19

0.15

0.35

0.29

0.12

2.50

2.25

0.58

0.52

0.62

0.51

1.64

1.39

0.52

0.43

0.41

0.08

0.13

0.15

0.11

0.50

3.78

2.32

0.57

1.05

1.66

0.41

2.94

3.17

2.02

0.52

0.90

1.40

0.36

2.73

2.17

1.46

0.28

0.46

0.70

0.43

1.88

1.74

1.15

0.23

0.35

0.56

0.38

1.67

2.70

1.86

0.40

0.71

1.00

0.53

1.99

2.13

1.47

0.34

0.53

0.81

0.47

1.75

2.71

2.44

0.59

0.54

0.63

0.52

1.73

1.47

0.60

2.91

2.62

0.64

0.58

0.68

0.56

1.86

1.58

0.64

2.40

2.09

0.54

0.48

0.55

0.43

1.69

1.39

0.52

1.17

1.02

0.74

0.68

0.55

0.44

1.22

1.00

0.45

1.37

1.19

0.88

0.81

0.66

0.53

1.45

1.19

0.54

0.38

0.33

0.20

0.18

0.27

0.23

0.38

0.33

0.13

0.36

0.31

0.20

0.19

0.29

0.26

0.38

0.33

0.16

0.31

0.27

0.17

0.15

0.25

0.22

0.31

0.27

0.14

0.60

0.43

0.22

0.17

0.30

0.22

0.48

0.35

0.24

0.60

0.48

0.23

0.19

0.30

0.22

0.48

0.35

0.21

0.54

3.20

2.98

1.99

1.77

2.09

1.84

0.57

3.49

3.24

2.17

1.93

2.26

1.99

0.45

2.80

2.52

2.18

1.87

2.02

1.72

0.39

2.75

2.56

1.37

1.22

1.65

1.43

0.47

3.42

3.18

1.66

1.48

1.99

1.73

0.11

0.61

0.50

0.41

0.38

0.54

0.47

0.14

0.64

0.54

0.45

0.37

0.56

0.50

0.12

0.52

0.44

0.36

0.29

0.46

0.41

0.19

1.00

0.82

0.46

0.36

0.67

0.52

0.17

1.00

0.80

0.47

0.39

0.69

0.53

Amino acid digestibility is standardized ileal digestibility. Amino acid values are standardized for 88% dry matter (Source: Evonik

AminoDAT

®

4.0, 2010). Values provided are “typical” based on ingredient surveys. Nutrient values should be confirmed by analysis of the materials being used in order to maintain an accurate formulation matrix


37

Hy-Line International Welfare Goals and Principles

To promote animal well-being and produce birds of the highest quality, we adhere to the following welfare goals and principles. These goals and principles are the essential building blocks for the humane and professional care of our birds:

• Feed and Water

Provide access to good quality water and nutritionally balanced diets at all times

• Health and Veterinary Care

Provide science-based health programs and prompt veterinary care

• Environment

Provide shelter that is designed, maintained and operated to meet the bird’s needs and to facilitate daily inspection

• Husbandry and Handling Practices

Provide comprehensive care and handling procedures that ensure the bird’s well-being throughout its life

• Transportation

Provide transportation that minimizes travel time and stress

RESOURCES

Hy-Line International www.hyline.com

Hy-Line Red Book, an Online Management Guide www.hylineredbook.com

Hy-Line International Lighting Program www.hylineweblighting.com

Hy-Line EggCel www.hylineeggcel.com

Hy-Line Bodyweight Uniformity Calculator www.hylinebodyweight.com

TECHNICAL UPDATES

Growing Management of Commercial Pullets www.hylinepullet.com

Understanding the Role of the Skeleton in Egg Production www.hylineskeleton.com

The Science of Egg Quality www.hylineeggquality.com

An Overview of Focal Duodenal Necrosis www.hylinefdn.com

MG Control in Commercial Layers www.hylinemgcontrol.com

PRODUCT UPDATE

Hy-Line Brown – Selecting for Superior Egg Quality www.hylinebrowneggquality.com

Hy-Line International | www.hyline.com

Hy-Line is a brand name. ®Registered Trademark of Hy-Line International. ©Copyright 2014 Hy-Line International. M.COM.BR.E.01-14.A4

No results