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User’s Guide
ArcSight SmartConnectors
February 15, 2013
User’s Guide, ArcSight SmartConnectors
Copyright © 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Confidential computer software. Valid license from HP required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and
Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services.
Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.
Follow this link to see a complete statement of copyrights and acknowledgements: http://www.hpenterprisesecurity.com/copyright
The network information used in the examples in this document (including IP addresses and hostnames) is for illustration purposes only.
This document is confidential.
Contact Information
Phone
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Revision History
Date
02/15/2013
09/28/2012
05/15/2012
02/06/2012
11/15/2011
05/15/2011
02/15/2011
11/30/2010
02/24/2010
Description
Added changes to address the issues CON-12239 (silent install) and CON-10383
(IPv6 support).
Added information on libraries to install for the Linux Red Hat 6.x platform.
Revised of introductory information, removed generic installation, added Raw
Syslog chapter, and added new connector wizard information.
Updated customer contact and copyright information.
Added raw syslog destination and new entry to Appendix B FAQ.
Added new CEF encrypted Syslog destination and expanded CEF chapter.
Added features to CEF Syslog destination and updated installation screens and procedures, added information on deleting file connectors and improved readability of FAQ appendix.
Added feedback from reorganization review, corrected and closed various open tickets.
Added Chapter 10, defining the new CEF destination.
Contents
Confidential ArcSight SmartConnectors User’s Guide 3
Contents
4 ArcSight SmartConnectors User’s Guide Confidential
Contents
Chapter 7: Using SmartConnectors with
Confidential ArcSight SmartConnectors User’s Guide 5
Contents
Appendix B: SmartConnector Frequently
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Chapter 1
About SmartConnectors
Confidential
This chapter provides an overview of HP ArcSight SmartConnectors and how they collect and send events (generated by various vendor devices) to the Manager, Logger, or other destinations.
The following topics are included in this chapter:
“SmartConnector Data Collection” on page 9
“Mapping to Vendor Events” on page 9
“Filter and Aggregate Events” on page 10
“SmartConnector Types” on page 10
“SmartConnectors and HP Arcsight Connector Appliance” on page 16
A SmartConnector is an application that collects raw events from security devices, processes them into HP ArcSight security events, and transports them to destination devices. SmartConnectors are the interface between the Manager and the network devices that generate ESM-relevant data on your network.
SmartConnectors collect event data from network devices, then normalize it in two ways.
First, they normalize values (such as severity, priority, and time zone) into a common format. Also, they normalize the data structure into a common schema. SmartConnectors can filter and aggregate the events to reduce the volume sent to the Manager, HP ArcSight
Logger, or other destinations, which increases HP ArcSight’s efficiency and reduces event processing time.
In brief, SmartConnectors:
Collect all the data you need from a source device, eliminating the need to return to the device during an investigation or audit.
Parse individual events and normalize event values (such as severity, priority and time zone) into a common schema (format) for use by the Manager.
Filter out data you know is not needed for analysis, thus saving network bandwidth and storage space (optional).
Aggregate events to reduce the quantity of events sent to the Manager, increasing HP
Arcsight’s efficiency and reducing event processing time (optional).
Categorize events using a common, human-readable format, saving you time and making it easier to use those event categories to build filters, rules, reports, and data monitors.
Pass processed events to the Manager.
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1 About SmartConnectors
Depending upon the network device, some SmartConnectors can issue commands to devices. These actions can be executed manually or through automated actions from rules and some data monitors.
Once SmartConnectors normalize and send events to the Manager, the events are stored in the centralized ESM Database. ESM then filters and cross-correlates these events with rules to generate meta-events. The meta-events then are automatically sent to administrators with corresponding Knowledge Base articles that contain information supporting their enterprise’s policies and procedures.
SmartConnectors process raw data generated by various vendor devices throughout an enterprise. Devices consist of routers, e-mail servers, anti-virus products, firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), access control servers, VPN systems, anti-DoS appliances, operating system logs, and other sources that detect and report security or audit information.
SmartConnectors collect a large amount of varying, heterogeneous information. Due to this variety of information, SmartConnectors format each event into a consistent, normalized
HP ArcSight message
, letting you find, sort, compare, and analyze all events using the same event fields.
Specific SmartConnector Configuration Guides document device-to-ESM event mapping information for individual vendor devices, as well as specific installation parameters and configuration information.
The following table lists SmartConnector features. These are functions that the
SmartConnector performs on events. For details about how the following features work in the Manager, see the
HP ArcSight ESM Administrator’s Guide
and HP ArcSight Console Help.
Feature Description
Filtering and Data
Reduction
Aggregation
Batching
Time Error
Correction
Uses AND/OR based Boolean logic to determine what data is to be included from the device and what data is filtered out when the event is sent to the ESM Manager.
Compiles events with matching values into a single event, reducing the number of individual events the ESM Manager must evaluate.
Improves ESM Manager performance by sending a collection of events at one time (rather than after each occurrence).
Synchronizes the time between the device and the
SmartConnector, and between the SmartConnector and the
ESM Manager.
Time Zone Correction Corrects the local time zone, as necessary, to support device-time queries, correlation, and filters.
Categorizer
Resolver
Assigns ESM categories to an event.
Attempts to resolve and reverse-resolve host names and addresses reported by a device.
Data Normalization Converts each event produced by devices to an ESM common event format message (or HP ArcSight message).
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1 About SmartConnectors
You can deploy SmartConnectors on a device, on a separate host machine, or on the host machine where the Manager system resides.
SmartConnectors both receive and retrieve information from network devices. If the device sends information, the SmartConnector becomes a receiver; if the device does not send information, the SmartConnector retrieves it.
Once an event is received by the SmartConnector, it adds device and event information to the event to complete the message, which is then sent to the Manager.
SmartConnector Data Collection
SmartConnectors are specifically developed to work with network and security products using multiple techniques, including simple log forwarding and parsing, direct installation on native devices, SNMP, and syslog.
Data collection and event reporting formats for various SmartConnectors include:
Log File Readers (including text and log file)
Syslog
SNMP
Database
XML
Proprietary protocols, such as OPSEC or Cisco PostOffice
The Console, Manager, and SmartConnectors communicate using HTTP (HyperText
Transfer Protocol) over SSL (Secure Sockets Layer; also referred to as HTTPS).
Vendor device types for which SmartConnectors are available include:
Network and host-based IDS and IPS
VPN, Firewall, router, and switch devices
Vulnerability management and reporting systems
Access and identity management
Operating systems, Web servers, content delivery, log consolidators, and aggregators
Mapping to Vendor Events
SmartConnectors collect the vendor-specific event definitions contained within a network device. This information is mapped to the data fields within the SmartConnector, then sent to the Manager.
For specific mappings between the SmartConnector data fields and supported vendor-specific event definitions, see the configuration guide for the device-specific
SmartConnector. For example, for mappings for the SmartConnector for Cisco PIX Syslog, refer to the
SmartConnector for Cisco PIX Syslog Configuration Guide
.
For additional information about mappings and parsing information from third-party devices, see “Advanced Topics” in the
FlexConnector Developer’s Guide
.
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1 About SmartConnectors
Filter and Aggregate Events
During SmartConnector installation and configuration, you can configure the
SmartConnector to use filter conditions to focus the events passed to the ESM Manager according to specific criteria. For example, you can use filters to sort out events with certain characteristics, from specific network devices, or generated by vulnerability scanners. Events that do not meet the SmartConnector filtering criteria are not forwarded to the ESM Manager.
You can configure the SmartConnector to aggregate (summarize and merge) events that have the same values in a specified set of fields, either for a specified number of times or within a specified time limit.
SmartConnector aggregation compiles events with matching values into a single event. The aggregated event contains only the values the events have in common plus the earliest start time and latest end time. This reduces the number of individual events the Manager must evaluate.
For example, suppose the SmartConnector is configured to aggregate events with a certain
Source IP and Port, Destination IP and Port, and Device Action whenever the events occur
10 times in 30 seconds. If ten events with these matching values are received by the
SmartConnector within that time frame, they are grouped together into a single event with an aggregated event count of 10.
If the 30-second timeframe expires and the SmartConnector has received only two matching events, the SmartConnector creates a single aggregated event with an aggregated event count of two. If 900 matching events were to come in during the 30 seconds, the SmartConnector would create 90 aggregated events, each with an aggregated event count of 10.
Firewalls are a good candidate for aggregation because of the volume of events with similar data coming in from multiple devices.
SmartConnector Types
SmartConnectors are the interface between the Manager and the network devices that generate ESM-relevant data on your network.
SmartConnectors are generally one of the following types:
File Connectors
Database Connectors
API Connectors
SNMP Connectors
Microsoft Windows Event Log Connectors
Syslog Connectors
Scanner Connectors
FlexConnectors
Model Connectors
SmartConnectors collect event data from network devices, then normalize this data in two ways. First, they normalize values (such as severity, priority, and time zone) into a common format. The data structure is normalized into a common schema. SmartConnectors can
10 ArcSight SmartConnectors User’s Guide Confidential
1 About SmartConnectors filter and aggregate events to reduce the volume sent to the
Manager, which increases efficiency and reduces event processing time.
For installation information and device-specific configuration and mapping information, see the SmartConnector Configuration Guide for the specific device.
File Connectors
There are two primary types of log file connector, Real Time and Folder Follower:
Real Time
These connectors can continue to follow a log file that retains its name or changes its name based upon the current date and other factors. The type of real time file connector is based upon the number of files monitored by the connector. There are connectors that monitor a single log file, such as the Snort File connector, and connectors that monitor multiple log files, such as the Cisco Secure ACS and SAP Real
Time Audit connectors.
Real Time log file connectors can read normal log files in which lines are separated by a new line character as well as fixed length records in which a file consists of only one line but multiple records of fixed length (such as the SAP Real Time Audit connector).
Folder Follower
Folder follower connectors can monitor files copied to a folder. There are connectors that monitor a single log file in a folder (such as HP-UX or IBM AIX) and connectors that monitor log files recursively (such as F-Secure AntiVirus).
.txt and .xml file types are supported by SmartConnectors; which type depends upon the particular device. Text log files are the most common; however, Tripwire and most of the scanner file connectors, such as Nessus, nCircle, and NeXpose are in XML format.
The type of log file connector is not usually part of the connector name unless both types of connector exist for a particular device (such as SAP Audit and SAP Real-Time Audit).
File connectors are normally installed on the device machine, but when the monitored files are accessible through network shares or NFS mounts, the connectors can be installed on remote machines.
For some connectors, a trigger file is required to tell the connector when the file is complete and ready for processing. Typically, this is the same file name with a different extension. Files are renamed by default to increments such as .processed,
.processed.1
, and so on.
Generally, the only parameter required at installation is the location of the log file or files
(the absolute path). When default file paths are known, they are displayed in the installation wizard.
To rename or delete log files, file folders require permissions for the connector.
Database Connectors
Database connectors use SQL queries to periodically poll for events. SmartConnectors support major database types, including MS SQL, MS Access, MySQL, Oracle, DB2,
Postgres, and Sybase.
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1 About SmartConnectors
In addition to the native JDBC driver for each database type, database connectors allow the use of a JDBC ODBC driver for databases that support them, such as MS SQL, Postgres, and MS Access. To use a JDBC ODBC driver, a JDBC ODBC data source is required. For instructions about creating this data source, see the configuration guide for your database connector.
During installation, the installation wizard asks, at a minimum, the following parameter values:
JDBC Driver
JDBC Data Source
Database User
Database Password
The database user must have adequate permission to access and read the database. For
Audit database connectors, such as SQL Server Audit DB and Oracle Audit DB, system administrator permission is required.
In addition to connectors supporting event collection from a single database, some database connectors support multiple database events such as the Microsoft SQL Server
Multiple DB connector. Others collect events from scanner databases, such as
SmartConnectors for McAfee FoundScan DB and Mazu Profiler.
There are three major types of database connector:
Time-Based
Queries use a time field to retrieve events found since the most recent query time until the current time.
ID-Based
Queries use a numerically increasing ID field to retrieve events from the last checked
ID until the maximum ID.
Job ID-Based
Queries use Job IDs that are not required to increase numerically. Processed Job IDs are filed in such a way that only new Job IDs are added. Unlike the other two types of database connector, Job IDs can run in either Interactive mode or Automatic mode.
API Connectors
API connectors use a standard or proprietary API to pull events from devices. In most cases, a certificate must be imported from the device to authenticate connector access to the device. There are also a number of configuration steps required on the device side. For example, Check Point devices require the configuration of connection type and the importing of a client certificate.
During installation, the following types of parameters are required, although each device's parameters are specific to its API:
Device IP
Service Port
Event types to be pulled
Certificate information
Information specific to the particular API
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SNMP Connectors
SNMP Traps contain variable bindings, each of which holds a different piece of information for the event. They are usually sent over UDP to port 162, although the port can be changed.
SNMP connectors listen on port 162 (or any other configured port) and process the received traps. They can process traps only from one device with a unique Enterprise OID, but can receive multiple trap types from this device.
SNMP is based upon UDP, so there is a slight chance of events being lost over the network.
Parsers use the knowledge of the MIB to map the event fields, but, unlike some other
SNMP-based applications, the connector itself does not require the MIB to be loaded.
Microsoft Windows Event Log Connectors
System administrators use the Windows Event Log for troubleshooting errors. Each entry in the event log can have a severity of Error, Warning, Information, plus Success Audit or Failure Audit.
There are three default Windows Event Logs:
Application log (tracks events that occur in a registered application)
Security log (tracks security changes and possible breaches in security)
System log (tracks system events)
There are three SmartConnectors for Microsoft Windows Event Log:
SmartConnector for Microsoft Windows Event Log – Unified, this connector can connect to local or remote machines (Windows or non-Windows), inside a single domain or from multiple domains, to retrieve and process security and system events.
SmartConnector for Microsoft Windows Event Log – Local, which collects events from the Windows Event Log on your local machine.
SmartConnector for Microsoft Windows Event Log – Domain, which lets you collect Microsoft Windows Event Log events from multiple remote machines and forward them into the HP ArcSight system (such as multiple occurrences of the same application installed on different machines in one domain).
For details about the Local and Domain connectors deployment, installation, and configuration, see the
SmartConnector Microsoft Windows Event Log – Unified
. For mappings, see
SmartConnectors for Microsoft Windows Event Log Security Event
Mappings.
For details about the Unified connector, see the
SmartConnector for Microsoft Windows
Event Log – Unified
. Mappings for this connector are incorporated into its configuration guide.
The SmartConnector for Microsoft Windows Event Log – Unified supports event collection from Microsoft Windows XP, Server 2000/2003/2008 and Vista platforms, as well as support for partial event parsing based upon the Windows event header for all System and
Application events. Support for a FlexConnector-like framework that lets users create and deploy their own parsers for parsing the event description for all System and Application events is also provided.
Some individual Windows Event Log applications are supported by the SmartConnector for
Microsoft Windows Event Log – Domain, for which Windows Event Log sub-connectors
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1 About SmartConnectors
have been developed. These sub-connectors have individual configuration guides that provide setup information and mappings for the particular application. These sub-connectors include:
CA eTrust AntiVirus Windows Event Log
Microsoft Active Directory Service Windows Event Log
Microsoft WINS Windows Event Log
Oracle Audit Windows Event Log
RSA ACE Server Windows Event Log
Symantec Mail Security Windows Event Log
Syslog Connectors
Syslog messages are free-form log messages prefixed with a syslog header consisting of a numerical code (facility + severity), timestamp, and host name. They can be installed as a syslog daemon, pipe, or file connector. Unlike other file connectors, a syslog connector can receive and process events from multiple devices. There is a unique regular expression that identifies the device.
Syslog Daemon connectors listen for syslog messages on a configurable port, using port 514 as a default. The default protocol is UDP, but other protocols such as Raw
TCP are also supported. It is the only syslog option supported for Windows platforms.
Syslog Pipe connectors require syslog configuration to send messages with a certain syslog facility and severity.
The Solaris platform tends to under perform when using Syslog Pipe connectors. The operating system requires that the connector (reader) open the connection to the pipe file before the syslog daemon (writer) writes the messages to it. When using Solaris and running the connector as a non-root user, using a Syslog Pipe connector is not recommended. It does not include permissions to send an HUP signal to the syslog daemon.
Syslog File connectors require syslog configuration to send messages with a certain syslog facility and severity. For high throughput connectors, Syslog File connectors perform better than Syslog Pipe connectors because of operating system buffer limitations on pipe transmissions.
Raw Syslog connectors do no parsing and takes the syslog string and puts it in the rawEvent
field as-is. The Raw Syslog destination type takes the rawEvent field and sends it as-is using whichever protocol is chosen (UDP, Raw TCP, or TLS). The Raw
Syslog connector is always used with the Raw Syslog destination. The event flow is streamlined to eliminate components that do not add value (for example, with the Raw
Syslog transport the category fields in the event are ignored, so the categorization components are skipped).
Syslog NG Daemon connectors support Syslog NG version 3.0 for BSD syslog format. Beta support is provided for collection of IETF standard events. This
SmartConnector is capable of receiving events over a secure (encrypted) TLS channel from another SmartConnector (whose destination is configured as CEF Syslog over
TLS), and can also receive events from devices.
CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP) connectors allows connector-to-connector communication through an encrypted channel by decrypting events previously encrypted through the CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP) destination. The CEF
SmartConnectors lets ESM connect to, aggregate, filter, correlate, and analyze events from applications and devices that deliver their logs in the CEF standard, using the syslog transport protocol.
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1 About SmartConnectors
UNIX supports all types of syslog connector. If a syslog process is already running, you can end the process or run the connector on a different port.
Because UDP is not a reliable protocol, there is a slight chance of missing syslog messages over the network. Generally, TCP is a supported protocol for syslog connectors.
There is a basic syslog connector, the SmartConnector for UNIX OS Syslog, which provides the base parser for all syslog sub-connectors.
For syslog connector deployment information, see the SmartConnector Configuration Guide for UNIX OS Syslog. For device-specific configuration information and field mappings, see the SmartConnector Configuration Guide for the specific device. Each syslog sub-connector has its own configuration guide.
During connector installation, for all syslog connectors, choose Syslog Daemon, Syslog
Pipe, or Syslog File. The names of the syslog sub-connectors are not listed.
Scanner Connectors
There are two types of scanner connector, those whose results are retained within a file, and those retrieved from a database. Results for the following types of scanner connectors are retained in a file, making them log file connectors:
XML files (such as Tenable Nessus, nCircle Audit, Qualys Scanner, and Rapid7
NeXpose)
Text files (such as Tenable Nessus NSR, NetRecon NRD)
Other scanners deposit their scanned events in a database and are treated as database connectors, requiring the same installation parameters as database connectors.
Scan reports are converted into base events, which can be viewed on the ESM Console, and aggregated meta events, which are not shown on the Console. Meta events create assets, asset categories, open ports, and vulnerabilities on the ESM Console.
Scanner SmartConnectors can run in either of two modes, automatic or interactive.
Interactive mode
Displays scan reports that can be individually selected to be sent to the connector. This mode is not supported for a connector running as a service.
Automatic mode
The connector checks periodically for any new reports deposited into the folder or any new jobs inserted into the database, then processes them. This mode is supported for both stand-alone applications and services.
Other than the operating mode, other parameter values required for scanner installation depends upon whether a file or database connector has been implemented. For file connectors, the absolute path to and name of the log file is required. For database
connectors, see “Database Connectors” on page 11 .
FlexConnectors
FlexConnectors let you to create custom connectors that can read and parse information from third-party devices and map that information to HP ArcSight’s event schema. When creating a custom connector, you define a set of properties (a configuration file) that identify the format of the log file or other source that is imported into the Manager or HP
ArcSight Logger.
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1 About SmartConnectors
The FlexConnector framework is a software development kit (SDK) that lets you create a
SmartConnector tailored to the devices on your network and their specific event data. For complete information about FlexConnectors and how to use them, see the
FlexConnector
Developer's Guide
.
Model Import Connectors
Rather than collecting and forwarding events from devices, SmartConnectors for Identity
Models import user data from an Identity Management system into HP ArcSight's
IdentityView Solution. See the
HP ArcSight Solution Guide IdentityView
for information about how Identity Model Import connectors are used.
SmartConnectors for Identity Models extract the user identity information from the database and populate the following lists in IdentityView Solution with the data:
Identity Roles Session List
Identity Information Session List
Account-to-Identity Map Active List
These lists are populated dynamically, which means that, as the identity data changes in the Identity Manager, the data in the lists is updated when you refresh the session list.
Identify Model connectors include:
SmartConnector for Microsoft Active Directory Identity Model
SmartConnector for Sun Identity Manager Model
SmartConnector for Oracle IDM Identity Model
Other Connectors
Connectors that Use Multiple Mechanisms
Some connectors use multiple mechanisms. For example, the SmartConnector for Oracle
Audit Database monitors both the database tables and audit files.
Connectors that Use TCP in Special Formats
Examples of connectors use TCP in special formats:
IP NetFlow (NetFlow/J-Flow)
Retrieves data over TCP in a Cisco-defined binary format.
HP ArcSight Streaming Connector
Retrieves data over TCP from HP ArcSight Logger in an HP ArcSight-proprietary format.
SmartConnectors and HP Arcsight Connector
Appliance
HP ArcSight Connector Appliance is a hardware solution that incorporates a number of onboard SmartConnectors and a web-based user interface that provides centralized management for SmartConnectors across a potentially large number of hosts.
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1 About SmartConnectors
The Connector Appliance centralizes SmartConnector management and offers unified control of SmartConnectors on local and remote Connector Appliances as well as software-based SmartConnectors installed on remote hosts.
Connector Appliance includes on-board SmartConnectors that connect event sources to destinations such as Logger and ESM.
The Connector Appliance delivers the following features and benefits:
Supports bulk operations across all SmartConnectors and is particularly desirable in
ESM deployments with a large number of SmartConnectors, such as a Managed
Security Services Provider (MSSP).
Provides an ESM-like SmartConnector management facility in Logger-only environments.
Provides a single interface through which to configure, monitor, tune, and update
SmartConnectors. The Connector Appliance does not receive events from the
SmartConnectors it manages, and this allows for management of many connectors at one time. The Connector Appliance does not affect working SmartConnectors unless it is used to change their configuration. In some cases, the SmartConnector is commanded to restart.
See
Chapter 6‚ Using SmartConnectors with Connector Appliance‚ on page 79 for further
details.
SmartConnectors and HP ArcSight Logger
Logger is an event data storage appliance optimized for extremely high event throughput.
Logger stores security events onboard in compressed form, but can always retrieve unmodified events on demand for forensics-quality litigation data.
Logger can be deployed stand-alone to receive events from syslog messages or log files, or to receive events in Common Event Format from SmartConnectors. Logger can forward selected events as syslog messages to ESM. Multiple Loggers work together to support high sustained input rates. Event queries are distributed across a peer network of Loggers.
See
Chapter 7‚ Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger‚ on page 83 for details on the
relationship between SmartConnectors and Logger.
ArcSight Network Synergy Platforms (NSP)
HP ArcSight NSP is an appliance that consists of these two licensed software components.
Network Configuration Manager (NCM)
Threat Response Manager (TRM)
These components build and maintain a detailed understanding of your network’s topology, letting you centrally manage your network infrastructure and rapidly respond to security incidents. See
Chapter 8‚ Using SmartConnectors with NSP‚ on page 91 for further details.
The NCM/TRM solution lets you:
Locate and quarantine any device connected to the network instantly
Apply protocol filters to curb an intrusion attempt
Block specific IP ranges from communicating or block specific protocols
Disable individual user accounts
Manage configuration changes centrally on a single device or a group of devices
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1 About SmartConnectors
Audit the change control process granularity
Build wizards that let you to delegate routine network administration tasks to lower-level administrators.
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Chapter 2
Planning for Deployment
Deployment of a SmartConnector is based upon the requirements of your network security enterprise. This section outlines possible HP ArcSight deployments based upon different scenarios.
The following topics are discussed in this chapter:
“Supported Platforms” on page 20
“Deployment Scenarios” on page 20
“Estimating Storage Requirements” on page 22
“Understanding HP ArcSight Turbo Modes” on page 23
The scenarios and deployments shown here are only examples of how you might introduce
ESM into your enterprise. ESM is not limited to just these scenarios and deployments.
Overview
HP ArcSight components install consistently across UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh platforms. Whether a host is dedicated to the HP ArcSight Database, Manager, Console, or other component, ESM software is installed in a directory tree under a single root directory on each host (DBMS and other third-party software is not necessarily installed under this directory, however.) The path to this root directory is referred to as $ARCSIGHT_HOME.
In SmartConnector documentation, the 'current' directory is specified rather than presumed to be part of the $ARCSIGHT_HOME location, and the path separator is a backslash (\) (for example, $ARCSIGHT_HOME\current). This is consistent with SmartConnector configuration guide information, and also underscores the fact that SmartConnectors are not installed on the same machine as the remaining ESM components. Rather, they are typically installed on the same machine as the device whose activity will be monitored.
The directory structure below $ARCSIGHT_HOME is standardized across components and platforms. ArcSight software is generally available in the
$ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\bin
directory. Properties files, which control the HP
ArcSight configuration, are found in $ARCSIGHT_HOME\config and log files are written to $ARCSIGHT_HOME\logs.
SmartConnectors collect and process the data generated by various vendor devices throughout your enterprise. Devices consist of routers, e-mail logs, anti-virus products, firewalls, intrusion prevention systems (IPS), access control servers, VPN systems, antiDoS
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2 Planning for Deployment appliances, operating system logs, and other sources where information about security threats are detected and reported.
SmartConnectors collect a vast amount of varying, heterogeneous information. When a
SmartConnector receives an event, it completes the message by adding device information, then forwarding the event to various HP ArcSight components.
Supported Platforms
For information about supported platforms, see the HP ArcSight
SmartConnector Product and Platform Support
document that is shipped with each SmartConnector release. Only differences to the support detailed in that document are specified in the device's
SmartConnector Configuration Guide.
Deployment Scenarios
You can install SmartConnectors on the Manager or on the Connector Appliance, a host machine, or a device. Based upon configuration, connectors also can receive events over the network using SNMP, HTTP, syslog, proprietary protocols (such as OPSEC), or direct database connections to the device's repository (such as ODBC or proprietary database connections).
The best deployment scenario for your system depends upon the SmartConnector type, your network architecture, and your operating system.
Scenarios for syslog deployment are documented in the
SmartConnector for
UNIX OS Syslog Configuration Guide
.
Scenarios for deploying Windows Event Log connectors are documented in the
SmartConnector for Microsoft Windows Event Log - Unified
.
Deployment Scenario One
In this scenario, there are three SmartConnectors residing on three different devices: a firewall, an IPS, and a UNIX operating system. These connectors receive information from the devices or their logs and send captured events to the ESM Manager based upon the connector configuration.
Once events are received by the Manager, it cross-correlates the events using rules, and sends meta-events to the ESM Database and to any ESM Consoles that access the database.
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2 Planning for Deployment
The ESM Manager also can perform preset actions. Events and meta-events within the ESM
Database can be played back using the
Replay
channel to investigate, analyze, or create a report about event history.
Figure 2-1 Three SmartConnectors Residing on Three Devices
Deployment Scenario Two
This scenario is the same as the first, except that the three SmartConnectors reside on a host machine rather than the device itself. The SmartConnector need not reside on the device in order to retrieve information from that device. The SmartConnector functions as before, and the Manager and Database perform the same functions.
Confidential
Figure 2-2 Three SmartConnectors Residing on a Host Machine
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Deployment Scenario Three
In this scenario, the SmartConnectors reside on the ESM Manager itself, not on a host machine, but still retrieve events from devices in the network. The processing performed by the SmartConnector, Manager, and Consoles are identical to the other scenarios.
Figure 2-3 Three SmartConnectors Residing on an ESM Manager
Deployment Scenario Four
In this scenario, any of the previous scenarios are implemented, and the SmartConnectors are configured to send events to Logger. From Logger, events can be forwarded on to ESM.
Estimating Storage Requirements
Understanding the range of devices and SmartConnectors you want to deploy helps in estimating your daily event volume. Log file size is not accurate enough; you need to know how many events are generated during an average day. This varies by the type of device.
Not only do different devices generate different event volumes, they also respond differently to various event aggregation policies.
The average size of the data stored for each event depends upon the turbo mode
(Fastest, Faster, or Complete) specified for a particular SmartConnector. For detailed information on turbo modes, see the following section, “Understanding ArcSight Turbo
Modes”.
SmartConnectors can aggregate events to reduce event traffic. An event that repeats every
500 ms, for example, can be represented by a single event that fires every ten seconds, producing a 20:1 event compression. Individual SmartConnectors can be configured to aggregate events in this manner, reducing event traffic to the ESM Manager and the storage requirements in the Database.
In a distributed environment with multiple ESM Managers, the event volume metric must consider both the SmartConnector feeds to the Manager and the event forwarding from other Managers.
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Understanding HP ArcSight Turbo Modes
You can accelerate the transfer of sensor information through SmartConnectors by choosing one of three turbo modes (Fastest, Faster, or Complete).
The Fastest mode requires the fewest bytes and is most suited to devices such as firewalls, which have relatively little event data. The Faster mode is the Manager default, and requires less storage space. Rich event data sources, such as a network operating system, might use Complete mode, the SmartConnector default. The Complete mode passes all the data arriving from the device, including any custom or vendor-specific (for example, "additional") data.
You can configure SmartConnectors to send more or less event data on a per-SmartConnector basis, and the ESM Manager can be set to read and maintain more or less event data, independent of the SmartConnector setting.
Some events require more data than others. For example, operating system syslogs often capture a considerable amount of environmental data that may not be relevant to a particular security event. Firewalls, on the other hand, typically report only basic information.
HP ArcSight defines turbo modes as follows:
Mode
Fastest (Mode 1)
Faster (Mode 2)
Complete (Mode 3)
Description
Recommended for simpler devices, such as firewalls.
ESM Manager default. Eliminates all but a core set of event attributes to achieve the best throughput. Because the event data is smaller, it requires less storage space and provides the best performance.
SmartConnector default. All event data arriving at the
SmartConnector, including additional data, is maintained.
When a turbo mode is not specified, Mode 3, Complete, is the default. Versions of ESM prior to version 3.0 run in turbo mode Complete.
The Manager uses its own turbo mode setting when processing event data. If a
SmartConnector is set at a higher turbo mode than the Manager, it reports more event data than the Manager requires. The Manager ignores these extra fields.
However, if a Manager is set at a higher turbo mode than the SmartConnector, the
SmartConnector has less event data to report to the Manager. The Manager maintains fields that remain empty of event data.
Both situations are normal in real-world scenarios because the Manager configuration must reflect the requirements of a diverse set of SmartConnectors.
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Chapter 3
Installing SmartConnectors
When you have purchased and are ready to install a SmartConnector, see the individual connector’s configuration guide for information specific to the device the connector is monitoring. (For example, when installing a SmartConnector for Windows Event Log, see the
SmartConnector Configuration Guide for Microsoft Windows Event Log
.)
Individual configuration guides contain installation parameter values to enter, how to configure the particular device to enable SmartConnector event collection, and customized device event mappings to ESM fields.
If you are using the Linux Red Hat 6.x platform, ensure that you have these libraries installed before installing a SmartConnector:
• Xlibraries
• glibc
• libXext
• libXtst
For 64-bit machines, the 32-bit versions of glibc, libXext, and libXtst must be installed as well as the 64-bit versions.
The following topics are discussed in this chapter:
“Installing the SmartConnector from an Executable” on page 25
“Installing SmartConnectors from the Command Line” on page 26
“Installing SmartConnectors in Silent Mode” on page 26
“Upgrading SmartConnectors” on page 29
“Running SmartConnectors” on page 31
“Uninstalling a SmartConnector” on page 32
“Working with the Windows Hosts Table” on page 33
Installing the SmartConnector from an Executable
When you perform an installation, you are asked to specify the SmartConnector you want to install. Download the executable and the zip file of SmartConnector documentation.
Each SmartConnector has a separate configuration guide that provides specific instructions on installing the SmartConnector and configuring any associated devices, as well as device-to-ESM event mapping information for individual vendor devices, specific installation parameters, and device configuration information.
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Also, see the
HP ArcSight SmartConnector Release Notes
, which describe new product features, latest updates, known product issues and work-arounds, and technical support information. For information regarding operating systems and platforms supported, see the
SmartConnector Product and Platform Support
document.
You will be asked for a installation destination. By default the destination is ArcSight
Manager (encrypted). For details on destinations, see Chapter 5‚ SmartConnector
. If you need information on a FIPS-compliant solution, see the specific SmartConnector configuration guide.The Parameters window requests specific parameters for the particular SmartConnector you selected. These parameters vary depending upon the device and are described and explained in the
SmartConnector
Configuration Guide
for the selected SmartConnector.
It is a good practice to develop and use a standard naming convention to specify directory locations, file names, and menu option names for the SmartConnectors you install.
Typically, if you install multiple connectors on a particular machine, you should install each
SmartConnector in a separate directory.
SmartConnectors can also be installed from the command line (see “Installing
).
Installing SmartConnectors from the Command Line
To install SmartConnectors without using the graphical user interface wizard, enter –i console
on the command line when you invoke the self-extracting archive. Follow the instructions in the command window.
When the installation has successfully completed, manually run the configuration program by executing runagentsetup.
Installing SmartConnectors in Silent Mode
You can run the SmartConnector installation in silent mode, in which answers to wizard questions are provided by a Properties file. This feature is useful for deploying a large number of identical SmartConnectors.
To use this feature, first install and configure one SmartConnector using the graphical-user interface or the command line. While configuring the first SmartConnector, record its configuration parameters in a Properties file. To install all other SmartConnectors in silent mode, use the Properties file you created to provide configuration information.
HP ArcSight recommends creating and testing the Properties file on a system other than your in-service, production environment.
To record the configuration of a SmartConnector to a Properties file:
1 Run the SmartConnector Configuration Wizard to extract and install the
SmartConnector core files. When the wizard asks you to choose Add a Connector or
Enable FIPS mode, click Cancel.
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2 From a command prompt window (from the ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\bin directory
), enter the following command to launch the SmartConnector
Configuration Wizard in record mode:
On Unix and Linux: ./runagentsetup.sh –i recorderui
On Windows: runagentsetup.bat -i recorderui
3 On the window displayed, enter the Silent Properties File Name. Enter the name of the Installation Target Folder to select a location.
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4 Continue through all SmartConnector Configuration Wizard windows. The wizard creates a Properties file using the name and location you specified.
The properties file that you create will show passwords in readable text.
5 Select Exit and click Next at the end of the setup process to ensure that the properties file is created.
Perform the remaining steps on the system on which you want to install the
SmartConnector in silent mode:
6 Ensure that the configuration on the system on which you want to install the
SmartConnector in silent mode matches that of the machine on which you created the properties file. Otherwise, the installation will fail.
7 Copy the Properties file from the other system to your current system, preferably to the same directory where you downloaded the installation file.
8 Open the Properties file in an editor of your choice.
9 Find the USER_INSTALL_DIR property in the file and make sure that the path value is the absolute path to the location where you want to install the SmartConnector on this system.
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USER_INSTALL_DIR=C\:\\Program Files\\ArcSightSmartConnectors
The colon (:) and backslash (\) characters must be preceded by a backslash (\).
10 Find the ARCSIGHT_AGENTSETUP_PROPERTIES property in the file and make sure that the path value is the absolute path to the location where you copied the
Properties file on this system.
For example, if you copied the Properties file to
C:\properties_files\silent.properties
, the path value should be as follows:
ARCSIGHT_AGENTSETUP_PROPERTIES=C\:\\properties_files\\silent.pr
operties
11 Modify the properties as needed. For example, modify the connectordetails.name property in the file and change its value to the name of the SmartConnector you are going to install in silent mode. The following is an example of a properties file:
#======================================================
# Panel 'connectordetails'
#======================================================
# Enter the connector details.
#
# Name connectordetails.name=The Name
# Location connectordetails.location=The Location
# DeviceLocation connectordetails.devicelocation=The Device Location
# Comment connectordetails.comment=The Comment
#===============================================
You can edit any property (Manager Information, user credentials) in the Properties file to suit your needs.
Definitions of properties:
connectordetails.name: The name of the connector in ESM.
connectordetails.location: The name of the folder that contains the connector in ESM.
connectordetails.devicelocation: The location of the machine on which ESM is installed.
connectordetails.comment: Comments that were added about the connector.
12 Save the Properties file.
13 Download the SmartConnector installation file appropriate for your platform.
14 Run the following command to install the new SmartConnector in silent mode:
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ArcSight_Agent_install_file -i silent –f <path_to properties_file>\properties_filename
The command launches the InstallShield program and installs the SmartConnector silently.
Example: To install a SmartConnector on Windows platform with the property file name silent_properties
, enter:
ArcSight-3.5.x.nnnn.y-Agent-Win.exe –i silent –f silent_properties
• After installing SmartConnectors, configure your system’s default file permissions so that files created by HP ArcSight (events, log files, and so on) are reasonably secure.
• On UNIX systems, file permissions typically are set by adding the umask command to your shell profile. An umask setting of 077, for example, would deny read or write file access to any but the current user. An umask setting of 000 creates an unnecessary security hole.
Upgrading SmartConnectors
SmartConnectors occasionally may require upgrade. This process can be performed locally or remotely, although remote upgrades from the ESM Console are supported only on
Windows, Linux, and Solaris platforms.
For connectors running on windows platforms, there is a known limitation for upgrading the connector from its ESM destination.
As part of the connector upgrade, some folders and/or files are moved from the old to the new version. Because Microsoft Windows locks the folders or files even if the folders or files are opened for a read, upgrades could fail if locked folders or files associated with the connector installation are accessed during the upgrade. To prevent this issue, start the connector from Start > Programs, so that no windows are opened to run the connector, thus reducing the possibility of locked folders or files.
To upgrade:
1 From the HP SSO site, download the latest SmartConnector upgrades to the Manager.
Upgrade version files are delivered as .aup files (a compressed file set).
2 Copy the .aup file to ARCSIGHT_HOME\updates\ on a running Manager. The
Manager automatically unzips the .aup file and copies its content to
ARCSIGHT_HOME\repository\
.)
3 From the Console, select SmartConnectors to be upgraded (one at a time) and launch the upgrade command for each of them.
• If you have installed multiple SmartConnectors in a single JVM, select the first connector installed in the JVM (if you select any other connector the upgrade fails) and launch the upgrade command; this action upgrades all connectors in the JVM.
• If your SmartConnector has multiple ESM Manager destinations, you must perform this process from the primary ESM Console. Any attempt to upgrade from a secondary or non-primary ESM Console destination will fail.
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4 Upon receipt of the upgrade command, the selected SmartConnectors upgrade themselves, restart, and send upgrade results (success or failure) back to the Console through the Manager.
Upgrade Notes
If the upgrade is successful, the new SmartConnector starts and reports successful upgrade status.
If the upgraded SmartConnector fails to start, the original SmartConnector restarts automatically as a failover measure.
• Should this happen, you can review the related logs. Choose Send
Command -> Tech Support -> Get Upgrade Logs from the
Console menus.
• You can also use the Send Logs Wizard to collect and send logs, including upgrade logs, to support for help.
SmartConnectors automatically determine their upgrade status when they start.
When upgrading SmartConnectors, be sure to download current versions of the
SmartConnector Configuration Guides from the support website. These are the most current configuration guides available and contain information specific to the connector device.
Administrative permission is required to upgrade Connectors.
Versions of the Connectors you want to upgrade must be available on the Manager to which you are connected. Remote upgrade is available only in ESM v4.0 or later, and only for v4.0.2 or newer SmartConnectors.
As a prerequisite to upgrading Connectors, both the Manager and the SmartConnector you want to upgrade must be running.
Locally Upgrading SmartConnectors
To locally upgrade a connector:
1 Stop the running connector and run the SmartConnector installer. The installer prompts you for the location to install the connector.
2 Select the location of the SmartConnector that you want to upgrade. The message
"Previous Version Found. Do you want to upgrade?
" appears.
3 Select the option to continue and upgrade the connector. The original installation is renamed by prefacing characters to the original folder name; the upgraded connector is installed in the location $ARCSIGHT_HOME\current.
Remotely Upgrading SmartConnectors
Only Windows, Linux, and Solaris platforms are supported for
SmartConnector remote upgrade from the Console.
ESM not only provides the ability to centrally manage and configure SmartConnectors, but also to update them remotely. You can use the Upgrade command on the Console to upgrade to newer versions of SmartConnector software for managed devices.
The Upgrade command lets you launch, manage, and review the status of upgrades for all
SmartConnectors. A failover mechanism launches SmartConnectors with previous versions
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3 Installing SmartConnectors if upgrades fail. All communication and upgrade processes between components (Console,
Manager, and SmartConnectors) take place over secure connections.
The Console reflects current version information for all of your SmartConnectors.
Running SmartConnectors
SmartConnectors can be installed and run in standalone mode, as a Windows service, or as a UNIX daemon. If installed standalone, the SmartConnector must be started manually, and is not automatically active when a host is re-started. If installed as a Windows service or UNIX daemon, the SmartConnector runs automatically when the host is re-started.
Some SmartConnectors require that you restart your system before configuration changes take effect.
SmartConnectors for scanners present a special case. To run a scanner
SmartConnector in interactive mode, run in standalone and not as a Windows service or Linux/UNIX daemon.
Run SmartConnectors in Standalone Mode
To run all installed SmartConnectors on a particular host, open a command window, go to
ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\bin
and run: arcsight connectors
To view the SmartConnector log, read the file:
$ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\logs\agent.log
To stop all SmartConnectors, enter Ctrl+C in the command window.
On Windows platforms, SmartConnectors also can be run using shortcuts and optional Start Menu entries.
Run SmartConnectors as a Windows Service
SmartConnectors installed as a service can be started and stopped manually using platform-specific procedures.
To start or stop SmartConnectors installed as services on Windows platforms:
1 Right-click on My Computer, then select Manage from the Context menu.
2 Expand the Services and Applications folder and select Services.
3 Right-click on the SmartConnector service name and select Start to begin running the
SmartConnector or Stop to stop running the service.
To verify that a SmartConnector service has started, view the file:
$ARCSIGHT_HOME\logs\agent.out.wrapper.log
To reconfigure a SmartConnector as a service, run the SmartConnector Configuration
Wizard again. Open a command window on $ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\bin and run: runagentsetup
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See Chapter 4‚ Changing Connector Service Settings‚ on page 40
for further details.
Run SmartConnectors as a UNIX Daemon
SmartConnectors installed as a daemon can be started and stopped manually using platform-specific procedures.
On UNIX systems, when you configure a SmartConnector to run automatically, HP ArcSight creates a control script in the /etc/init.d directory. To start or stop a particular
SmartConnector, find the control script and run it with either a start or stop command parameter.
For example:
/etc/init.d/arc_serviceName {start|stop}
To verify that a SmartConnector service has started, view the file:
$ARCSIGHT_HOME/logs/agent.out.wrapper.log
To reconfigure SmartConnectors as a daemon, run the SmartConnector Configuration
Wizard again. Open a command window on $ARCSIGHT_HOME/current/bin and enter: runagentsetup
See “Changing Connector Service Settings” on page 40
for further details.
Uninstalling a SmartConnector
Before uninstalling a SmartConnector that is running as a service or daemon, first stop the service or daemon.
To uninstall on Windows:
1 Open the Start menu.
2 Run the Uninstall SmartConnectors program found under All Programs -> HP
ArcSight SmartConnectors.
3 If SmartConnectors were not installed on the Start menu, locate the
$ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\UninstallerData folder and run:
Uninstall_ArcSightAgents.exe
To uninstall on UNIX hosts:
1 Open a command window on the $ARCSIGHT_HOME/UninstallerData directory.
2 Run the command:./Uninstall_ArcSightAgents.
The UninstallerData directory contains a file .com.zerog.registry.xml with
Read, Write, and Execute permissions for everyone. On Windows platforms, these permissions are required for the uninstaller to work. However, on UNIX platforms, you can change the permissions to Read and Write for everyone
(that is, 666).
The Uninstaller does not remove all the files and directories under the
SmartConnector home folder. After completing the uninstall procedure, manually delete these folders.
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Working with the Windows Hosts Table
During SmartConnector installation, a connector using table parameters shows the following type of window for entering parameter data.
The parameters for this type of SmartConnector can be entered manually for a few lines of data, or, for a larger number of entries, you can import a .csv file. You can also create a
.csv
file by exporting data you’ve already entered. See
for specific steps.
Manually Entering Table Parameter Values
To enter parameters manually, use the Add button to create fields and enter the data, as shown below.
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If needed, use the Export button to export your parameter table data into an external
.csv
file to save for later use.
Note the following when using this feature:
Columns that contain private data (shown as asterisks), such as passwords, will not
appear in exported files after using the Export button.
After importing a .csv file (using the Import button), data in private columns remain hidden (shown as asterisks).
While you can manually enter a private column (either by adding the column to your
CSV within a spreadsheet program or by filling it in through the Configuration Wizard), it still will not appear in any exported files. This is a precautionary measure.
Importing data from a .csv file (using the Import button) causes all existing data in the table to be removed and replaced by the incoming data.
Importing and Exporting CSV Files
You can populate many lines of parameter data by creating a .csv file, then using the
Import button to fill the parameter entry table of the SmartConnector Configuration
Wizard.
To use the Import feature:
1 Using a spreadsheet program (such as Microsoft Excel), enter the parameter data into a table and save it as a .csv file.
2 During SmartConnector installation, click the Import button to locate the .csv file you created. The window previews the CSV file contents.
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3 Click the Import button on the Import window. This populates the SmartConnector parameters fields.
4 If you wish, you can add more rows manually (using the Add button) and then export the resulting table (using the Export button) to an external .csv file for later use.
The example above shows a “Password” column within the Configuration
Wizard that does not appear in the original
.csv
file. This private column does not contain actual password data and will not be included in an
exported file.
5 If you are finished entering data, click Next.
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Chapter 4
Configuring SmartConnectors
This chapter contains configuration tasks you can perform without access to the Manager.
The following topics are covered:
“Modifying SmartConnector Settings after Installation” on page 37
“Requesting Payload Information” on page 63
“Lowering Network Bandwidth Used by the Connector” on page 65
Modifying SmartConnector Settings after Installation
If you want to modify any of the SmartConnector parameters after installation, including configuring the connector to run as a service or standalone application, you can modify a destination without accessing a Manager using the SmartConnector Configuration Wizard.
After first installing a SmartConnector, you can run the wizard again if you want to modify destination settings. From $ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\bin, execute: runagentsetup
The following window is displayed.
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To make changes to the initial values set during connector installation and configuration, select Modify Connector.
To configure the connector to run as a service, or, if already configured to run as a service, to run as a stand-alone application, select Install as a service or Uninstall as a
service.
To add a new destination, to configure multiple destinations, or to modify SmartConnector parameters without accessing an Manager, select Modify Connector.
Enabling FIPS mode is described in the individual SmartConnector guides for specific, FIPSenabled connectors.
Changing Connector Parameter Values
The information shown in the windows in the steps below is meant as example data. Your fields and information will vary, depending on the connector you are modifying. The following screen shots are shown as examples. Your windows will show different data, depending the connectors you have installed and their configuration.
To change parameter values:
1 Modify Connector is selected by default.
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2 Click Next. Select Modify connector parameters and click Next.
3 Modify parameters as needed in the parameters window.
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4 Click Next to continue. Modify table parameters (if they exist; many connectors have no table parameters) as needed. For details on working with the table parameters, see
“Working with the Windows Hosts Table” on page 33 .
5 Click Next. The connector parameters changes are processed and the connector configuration is modified. When the configuration changes are complete, you will receive the message Successfully updated parameters.
6 Click Next. Choose Exit, to complete the connector modification, or choose
Continue, to continue to make connector modifications. Click Next to exit or continue.
Changing Connector Service Settings
This section describes how to run a connector as a service, and how to remove a connector service.
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To configure the connector to run as a Service:
1 Select Install as a service.
4 Configuring SmartConnectors
2 Click Next. Specify the service parameters.
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3 Click Next. The service summary displays.
4 Click Next. Choose Exit, to complete the connector modification, or choose
Continue, to continue to make connector modifications. Click Next to exit or continue.
To remove a SmartConnector Service:
1 Select Uninstall as a service.
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2 Click Next. Removal of the connector service is confirmed.
3 Click Next. Choose Exit, to complete the connector modification, or choose
Continue, to continue to make connector modifications. Click Next to exit or continue.
Adding a Destination
To add a destination:
1 Modify Connector is selected by default.
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2 Click Next. Select Add, modify, or remove destinations.
3 Click Next. Select Add destination.
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4 Click Next. Select a destination type.
4 Configuring SmartConnectors
See the following chapters for information about configuring these destination types:
Chapter 5‚ SmartConnector Destinations‚ on page 67
Chapter 6‚ Using SmartConnectors with Connector Appliance‚ on page 79
Chapter 7‚ Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger‚ on page 83
Chapter 8‚ Using SmartConnectors with NSP‚ on page 91
Chapter 9‚ CEF Destinations‚ on page 95
Chapter 10‚ CSV File Transport Destination‚ on page 101
Chapter 11‚ Raw Syslog Destination‚ on page 105
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Removing a Destination
To remove a destination:
1 Modify Connector is selected by default.
2 Click Next. Select Add, modify, or remove destinations.
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3 Click Next. Select a destination to remove.
4 Configuring SmartConnectors
4 Click Next. Select Remove destination.
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5 Click Next. The destination removal is started.
6 Click Next. The destination removal is completed.
7 Click Next. Choose Exit, to complete the connector modification, or choose
Continue, to continue to make connector modifications. Click Next to exit or continue.
Changing Destination Settings Using the Wizard
The destination settings available for modification will vary depending on the destination you choose to modify.
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To change destination settings:
1 Modify Connector is selected by default.
4 Configuring SmartConnectors
2 Click Next. Select Add, modify, or remove destinations.
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3 Click Next. Select a destination whose settings you want to modify.
4 Click Next. Select Modify destination settings.
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5 Click Next. The groups of destination settings are listed.
The following sections describe the groups of destination settings.
Batching
SmartConnectors can batch events to increase performance and optimize network bandwidth. When activated, connectors create blocks of events and send them when they either reach a certain size or the time window expires. You also can prioritize batches by severity, forcing the connector to send the highest severity event batches first and the lowest severity event batches later.
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Enable Batching (per event): Creates batches of events of this specified size (5,
10, 20, 50, or 100 events).
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Enable Batching (per sec): Sends the events if this time window expires (1, 5, 10,
15, 30, or 60 seconds).
Batch By: The choices are Time Based and Severity Based. Select Time-Based for the connector to send batches as they arrive (the default); select Severity Based for the connector to send batches based upon severity (batches of highest severity events are sent first).
Time Correction
The following settings can be set for Time Correction.
Use Connector Time as Device Time: Select Yes or No. No is the default value.
This setting lets you override the time the device reports, using the time at which the
SmartConnector received the event instead. This option assumes that the connector is more likely to report the correct time.
Enable Device Time Correction (in secs): The SmartConnector can also adjust connector time it reports using this setting. This is useful when a remote device's clock is not synchronized with the Manager. This should be a temporary setting. The recommended method for synchronizing clocks between the ESM Manager and devices is through the NTP protocol.
Enable Connector Time Correction (in secs): The connector also can adjust the time reported by the Connector Time SmartConnector itself using this setting. This is for informational purposes only and does not modify the local time on the connector.
This should be a temporary setting. The recommended method for synchronizing clocks between ESM Manager and connectors is through the NTP protocol.
Set Device TimeZone To: Usually the original device reports its time zone along with its time. If it does not, it is presumed the connector is doing so. If this is not true, or the device is not reporting correctly, you can switch this option from Disabled to
GMT or to a particular world time zone. That zone is applied to the reported time.
Device Time Auto-Correction
The values you set for these fields establish forward and backward time limits that, if exceeded, cause the connector to automatically correct the time reported by the device.
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The following settings can be set for Device Time Auto-Correction.
Future Threshold: The default value is -1. Set to a positive number to activate auto correction. The connector sends the internal alert if the detect time is later than the connector time by Future Threshold seconds.
Past Threshold: The default value is -1. Set to a positive number to activate auto correction. The connector sends the internal alert if the detect time is earlier than the connector time by Past Threshold seconds.
Device List: Enter a comma-separated list of the devices to which the thresholds are to apply. The default is (ALL) for all devices.
Time Checking
These are the time span and frequency factors for device time checking.
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Future Threshold: The number of seconds by which to extend the connector's forward threshold for time checking. The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
Past Threshold: The number of seconds by which to extend the connector's rear threshold for time checking. The default is 3600 seconds (1 hour).
Frequency: The connector checks its future and past thresholds at intervals specified by this number of seconds. The default frequency is 60 seconds (1 minute).
Cache
Changing these settings does not affect the events already cached, only new events.
Cache Size: Connectors use a compressed disk cache to hold large volumes of events when the Manager is down or when the connector receives bursts of events. This parameter specifies the disk space to use. The default is 1 GB, which, depending upon the connector, can hold about 15 million events, but can also go down to 5 MB (5 MB,
50 MB, 100 MB, 200 MB, 250 MB, 500 MB, 1 GB, 2.5 GB, 5 GB, 10 GB, and 50
GB are the possible values). When this disk space is full, the connector drops the oldest events to free up disk cache space.
Notification Threshold: The size of the cache's event content at which a trigger notification occurs. The default is 10000.
Notification Frequency: Specifies how often to send notifications once the
Notification Threshold is reached.
(1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, and 60 min are the possible values.)
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Network
The following Network settings can be modified.
Scroll down to see all of the settings.
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Heartbeat Frequency: This setting controls how often the connector sends a heartbeat message to the ESM Manager. The default is 10 sec, but can range from 5 seconds to 10 minutes. Note that the heartbeat also is used to communicate with the connector; therefore, if the frequency is set to 10 minutes, it could take as long as 10 minutes to send any configuration information or commands back to the connector.
Enable Name Resolution: Select Yes, No or Source/Dest Only. The default value is Yes. When choosing Yes (enabled), the connector attempts to resolve IP addresses to host names and host names to IP addresses if required and when the event rate allows. Choosing Source/Dest Only causes the device name and IP address to be skipped, which is useful in environments where device IP addresses change frequently.
IPv6 Name Resolution Control: Use the default is IPv4 Only to look up IPv4 addresses from host names, and to reverse resolve only from IPv4 addresses. Select
IPv6 (Prefer IPv4 for reverse resolution) or select IPv6 (Prefer IPv6 for reverse resolution) to resolve host names to IPv4 and/or IPv6 addresses. Depending on your selection, IPv4 and IPv6 are considered when reverse resolving (the difference is that for an event with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses set, the preferred address type will be considered first).
The IPv6 fields are:
deviceCustomIPv6Address1
(for device) deviceCustomIPv6Address2
(for source)
deviceCustomIPv6Address3
(for destination)
If the IPv6 address is set from a host name the corresponding deviceCustomIPv6Address1Label, deviceCustomIPv6Address2Label, deviceCustomIPv6Address3Label fields are also set.
Name Resolution TTL (secs): Determines how long name resolution is to be in effect. The default value is 3600 seconds.
Wait For Name Resolution: Select Yes for the connector to wait for name resolution. The default value is No.
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Name Resolution Host Name Options: The default value is Set host name only.
When Set host name only is selected, for reverse resolution (IP Address to Host
Name), only the host name field is set. When Set host name only (lowercase) is selected only the host name field is set after changing any uppercase letters to lowercase. When Set host and domain names is selected, the host name is split and put into both the DNS domain and the Host Name fields. When Set host and
domain names (lowercase) is selected, the host name is split and put into both the
DNS domain and the Host Name fields after changing any uppercase letters to lowercase. This affects the source, destination, device, and connector name fields.
Name Resolution Domain From E-mail: Select Yes or No. The default value is
Yes. When Yes is selected, if the host name and DNS domain fields are empty and the corresponding user name field appears as an e-mail address, the domain from the e-mail address is put in the DNS domain field. This affects only the source and destination fields.
Clear Host Names Same as IP Addresses: Select Yes or No. The default value is
Yes. When Yes is selected, when the host name field is set to an IP address that matches the corresponding IP address field, the host name field is cleared. This affects the source, destination, and device fields.
Set Host Names to IP Addresses when Unknown: Select Yes or No. The default value is No. When Yes is selected, the host name will be set to the IP address.
Don't Resolve Host Names Matching: Enter a regular expression as a value; resolution of host names matching the expression are skipped.
Don't Reverse-Resolve IP Ranges: Enter a range of IP addresses as a value; reverse resolution for all the IP addresses that fall in that range is skipped.
Remove Unresolvable Names/IPs From Cache: Select Yes, Yes (w/ negative
cache), or No. The default value is No (unresolvable names or IP addresses are not removed from the cache). Choosing Yes removes unresolvable names or IP addresses from the cache. Choosing, Yes (w/ negative cache) adds a separate cache to track unresolvable names and IP addresses.
Limit Bandwidth To: When Enabled, select from a list of the bandwidth options you can use to constrain the connector's output over the network (1 kbit/sec to 100
Mbits/sec). The default value is Disabled.
Transport Mode: You can configure the connector to cache to disk all the processed events it receives. You can use this setting to delay event-sending during particular time periods. For example, you could use this setting to cache events during the day and send them at night. You also can set the connector to cache all events except those marked with a very high severity during business hours and send the rest at night. The selections are Normal, Cache, Cache (but send Very High severity
events).
Cache Mode: Select Normal or Drop if Dest Down. The default is Normal.
Address-Based Zone Population Defaults Enabled: This field applies to ESM version 3.0 and is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Address-Based Zone Population: This field applies to ESM version 3.0 and is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping. For version 3.0 this table lets you define ranges of IP addresses to map to specific zones. Each row of the table defines a range to map to one zone. The system chooses the first matching range and ranges may overlap, so enter the smaller ranges first. Assuming the default zones are enabled, the zones entered here take precedence over the default zones, so the default zones are used only when none of these ranges match.
Zone Population Mode: The default value is Normal. Select Normal for zones to be computed and assigned if they are not already set; select Rezone (override) to re-
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compute and reassign if the zones are already populated; select No Zoning (clear) to clear the zones if they are populated. The zones set in events sent to ESM can be changed or cleared by ESM if the zones do not conform to that Manager's network model.
Customer URI: Applies the given customer URI to events emanating from the connector. If the customer resource exists, all customer fields are populated on the
ESM Manager. If this particular connector is reporting data that might apply to more than one customer, you can use Velocity templates in this field to conditionally identify those customer.
Source Zone URI: When populated, this field shows the URI of the zone associated with the connector's source address. This field exists for version 3.0 ESM compatibility; it is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Source Translated Zone URI: When populated, this field shows the URI of the zone associated with the connector's translated source address. The translation is presumed to be NAT (network address translation). This field exists for version 3.0 ESM compatibility; it is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Destination Zone URI: When populated, this field shows the URI of the zone associated with the connector's destination address. This field exists for version 3.0
ESM compatibility; it is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Destination Translated Zone URI: When populated, this field shows the URI of the zone associated with the connector's translated destination address. This field exists for version 3.0 ESM compatibility; it is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Agent Zone URI: When populated, this field shows the URI of the zone associated with the connector's address. This field exists for version 3.0 ESM compatibility; it is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Agent Translated Zone URI: When populated, this field shows the URI of the zone associated with the connector's translated address. This field exists for version 3.0
ESM compatibility; it is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Device Zone URI: When populated, this field shows the URI of the zone associated with the device's address. This field exists for version 3.0 ESM compatibility; it is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Device Translated Zone URI: When populated, this field shows the URI of the zone associated with the device's translated address. This field exists for version 3.0 ESM compatibility; it is not relevant for post-ESM 3.0 releases. These later versions support integral zone mapping.
Field Based Aggregation
This feature is an extension of basic connector aggregation. Basic aggregation aggregates two events when and only when the fields of the two events are the same per the fields
listed in the description of Enable Aggregation (in seconds) in “Processing” on page 60
.
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However, field-based aggregation implements a more flexible aggregation mechanism; two events are aggregated when only the selected fields are the same for both events.
Connector aggregation significantly reduces the amount of data received, and should be applied only when you use less than the total amount of information the event offers. For example, you could enable field-based aggregation to aggregate accepts and rejects in a firewall, but you should use it only if you are interested in the count of these events instead of all the information provided by the firewall.
Field-based aggregation creates a new alert that contains only the fields that were specified, so the rest of the fields are ignored unless Preserve Common Fields is set to
Yes. Field-based aggregation offers several advantages over basic aggregation, including:
Control over what fields are to be aggregated
Start and end time set to the earliest start time and latest end time, respectively
(rather than taking the values from the first event in the group, as with basic aggregation).
Option to preserve common fields
Option to sum one or more numeric field
Field aggregation settings:
Time Interval: Select a time interval, if applicable, to use as a basis for aggregating the events the connector collects. It is exclusive of Event Threshold. Possible values are DISABLED, 1 sec, 5 sec, … 60 min). The default value is DISABLED.
Event Threshold: Select a number of events, if applicable, to use as a basis for aggregating the events the connector collects. This is the maximum count of events that can be grouped; for example, if 150 events were found to be the same within the time interval selected (contained the same selected fields) and you select an event threshold of 100, you will then receive two events, one with a count 100 and another with a count of 50. This option is exclusive of Time Interval. Possible values are
DISABLED, 10 events, 50 events, … 10000 events. The default value is DISABLED.
Field Names: Select one or more fields, if applicable, to use as the basis for aggregating the events the connector collects. Use Ctrl + click to select multiple fields.
The result is a comma-separated list of fields to monitor. You can use any of the event
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fields displayed in the wizard; the name can contain no spaces and the first letter should not be capitalized.
Fields to Sum: If specified, this set of numeric fields is summed rather than aggregated, preserved, or discarded. The most common fields to sum are bytesIn and bytesOut. Note that if any of the fields listed here are also in the list of field names to aggregate, they are aggregated and not summed.
Preserve Common Fields: Select Yes or No. The default value is No. Selecting Yes adds fields to the aggregated event if they have the same values for each event.
Selecting No ignores non-aggregated fields in aggregated events.
Filter Aggregation
Filter aggregation is a way of capturing aggregated event data from events that would otherwise be discarded due to a connector filter. Only events that would be filtered out are considered for filter aggregation (unlike field-based aggregation, which looks at all events).
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Time Interval: Select a time interval, if applicable, to use as a basis for aggregating the events the connector collects. It is exclusive of Event Threshold. Possible values are DISABLED, 1 sec, 5 sec, …3600 sec. The default value is DISABLED.
Event Threshold: Select a number of events, if applicable, to use as a basis for aggregating the events the connector collects. This is the maximum count of events that can be grouped; for example, if 150 events were found to be the same within the time interval selected (contained the same selected fields) and you select an event threshold of 100, you will then receive two events, one with a count 100 and another with a count of 50. This option is exclusive of Time Interval. Possible values are
DISABLED, 10 events, 50 events, … 10000 events. The default value is
DISABLED.
Fields to Sum: If specified, this set of numeric fields is summed rather than aggregated, preserved, or discarded. The most common fields to sum are bytesIn and bytesOut.
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Processing
The following settings for Processing can be modified.
Preserve Raw Event: Select Yes or No. The default value is No. Some devices contain a raw event that can be captured as part of the generated event. If that is not the case, most connectors can also produce a serialized version of the data stream that was parsed/processed to generate the HP ArcSight event. This feature lets the connector preserve this serialized raw event as a field. This feature is disabled by default since using raw data increases the event size and, therefore, requires more database storage space. You can enable this by changing the Preserve Raw Event setting to Yes. The serialized representation of the raw event is then sent to the ESM
Manager and preserved in the Raw Event field.
Turbo Mode: If your configuration, reporting, and analytic usage permits, you can greatly accelerate the transfer of a sensor's event information through connectors by choosing one of three turbo (narrower data bandwidth) modes. Fastest is recommended for simpler devices such as firewalls. Faster eliminates all but a core set of event attributes in order to achieve the best throughput. Because the event data is smaller, it requires less storage space and provides the best performance. Faster is the default value for the ESM Manager. Complete is the SmartConnector default value. All event data arriving at the connector, including additional data, is maintained. When a turbo mode is not specified, Complete is used. In processing events, the ESM
Manager's turbo mode trumps that of a connector's turbo mode.
Enable Aggregation (in secs): If you have already used this feature for setting up previous connectors, you can continue to do so. However, HP recommends that you use the new Field Based Aggregation feature as a more flexible option. Selections are Disabled, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 30, 60. The default value is Disabled.
Limit Event Processing Rate: You can moderate the connector's burden on the processor by reducing its processing rate. This also can be a means of dealing with the effects of event bursts. The choices range from -1 (no limitation on processor demand) to 1 eps (pass just one event per second, making the smallest demand on the processor). Be sure to note that this option's effect varies with the category of connector in use.
Fields to Obfuscate: This option lets you specify a list of fields for obfuscation in a security event.
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Store original time in: Allows you move the original device receipt time to a specified field if altered by the time correction.
Enable Port-Service Mapping: Select Yes or No. No is the default value. If Yes is selected and one of the two fields destination port and application protocol is set and the other is not, the one that is set is used to set the other. For example, if the destination port is 22 and application protocol is not set, then the application protocol is set to ssh.
Uppercase User Names: Select Disabled or Enabled. The default value is
Disabled. If set to any of the enabled settings, the two user name fields are automatically changed to uppercase. Enabled (orig to ID) saves the original values to the sourceUserID and destinationUserID fields, respectively, overwriting any values that may have previously been there. Enabled (orig to ID or Flex) saves the original values in the same fields if they do not already contain values, or to the flexString1 (source) and flexString2 (destination) fields if the ID fields do contain values. Enabled (orig to Add.Data) saves the original values to additional data fields called OrigSrcUsrName and OrigDstUsrName, respectively. The uppercase operation is typically done using the default Locale for the chosen platform. You can set this to a particular Locale by setting the connector.uppercase.user.name.locale
property in agent.properties to the desired Locale (using "en_US" for U.S. English, for example).
Enable User Name Splitting: Select Yes or No. The default value is No. If this is set to yes and the destination user name contains commas in the event, this parameter duplicates that event. Each user name in the list is placed in one of the events. For example, if the destination user name in an event is User 123, User 456, then that event is sent twice, with the destination user name set to User 123 in the first and User 456 in the second.
Split File Name into Path and Name: Select Yes or No. The default value is No. If this is set to Yes and an event's file name field is set but its file path field is not, this parameter splits the file name into a path and a name, placing each part into appropriate fields. For example, if the file name field is set to C:\dir\file.ext and the file path is not set, the file path is set to C:\dir and the file name to file.ext.
The separator character can be either \ or / as the system looks to the connector to determine the platform.
Event Integrity Algorithm: Select DISABLED, SHA-256, SHA-1, MD5, or SHA-
512. The default value is DISABLED. If this is set to one of the algorithms (such as
SHA-256), and the Preserve Raw Event parameter is Enabled, then additional event integrity internal events are generated, normally at a rate of about 1 per 50 normal events. The crypto signature field also is set in each event in the format:"#seq(alg)
:digest
, where seq is a persistent event sequence number, alg is the message digest algorithm, and digest is the hexadecimal message digest. These extra events and the crypto signature field values can be used to verify that no events were tampered with after generation.
Generate Unparsed Events: Select Yes or No. The default value is No. If set to
Yes and some incoming event data cannot be parsed (perhaps because a device has been upgraded since the connector parser was written), a special event named
"unparsed event" is generated. The raw event appears in the event message field. If set to No, the connector log files indicate the unparsed events.
Preserve System Health Events: Select Yes or No. The default value is No. If enabled, sends system health events periodically to ESM Manager. Events are named as a Connector System Health Event and then generated for several different types of statistics that are collected. Examples include disk usage, memory usage, and processor usage.
Enable Device Status Monitoring (in millisecs): The default value of -1 indicates device status monitoring is disabled. The minimum positive value is 1 min (60000 ms).
When enabled, an internal event is sent named Connector Device Status for each
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4 Configuring SmartConnectors device tracked by the connector containing the following types of information: the last timestamp when the connector received an event from the device, the total number of events from this device since the connector started, and the number of events sent by this device since the last event of this type.
Payload Sampling (when available)
Payload sampling is used by some connectors to send a portion of packet payload (as opposed to the complete packet payload) along with the original event. This portion is retrieved using the on-demand payload retrieval.
See “Requesting Payload Information” on page 63 for information about working with
payload data.
Filters
Max. Length: This feature lets you configure the maximum length of the payload sample using the following values: Discard, 128 bytes, 256 bytes, 512 bytes, and
1 Kbyte. When the discard option is chosen, no payload sample is sent inside the original event.
Mask Non-Printable Characters: This feature lets you mask the non-printable characters in the payload sample.
In the Filters window, enter the string that represents your setting modification for any of the settings displayed. Although the graphical modifiers used within the ESM Console cannot be used here, you can write filtering strings such as:
Name EQ "Agent"
(name Contains "Super") Or (name EQ "Agent") attackerAddress Between ("10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.10")
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The following table lists usable operators. For more information about data fields, event mappings, and CEF fields, see the "Data Fields," "Audit Events," "Cases," and "Events" sections in the
ESM User's Reference
.
Usable
Operators
EQ
NE
LT
LE
GE
GT
Between
ContainsBits
In
Contains
StartsWith
EndsWith
Like
InSubnet
InGroup
Is
Description equal to not equal to less than less than or equal to greater than or equal to greater than compares any specified range equal to, for bitmap fields standard CCE operator for membership test contains the specified string starts with the specified string ends with the specified string standard CCE operator for simple pattern matching for string type: _ wildcard for single character, % wildcard for any number of characters.
for IP address that is not the specified subnet for asset in the specified asset category or zone in the specified zone group tests true for the selected state, null or not null
Requesting Payload Information
Payload refers to the information carried in the body of an event's network packet, as distinct from the packet's header data. The on-demand payload feature is available on the
Console. Click on any of the vulnerability events sent by the connector and you will see in the Event Inspector whether payload data is available. Click on the Payload tab and you can see additional information, including Description and Recommendation. For success events, you can see Description and Detail.
The following SmartConnectors currently provide payload support:
Barnyard (Snort IDS) File
Cisco Secure IPS SDEE
Enterasys Dragon IDS File
McAfee Vulnerability Manager DB (formerly FoundScan DB)
McAfee Network Security Manager DB
Snort DB
Snort Multiple File
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Symantec ManHunt DB
Cisco Secure IDS RDEP
Enterasys Dragon Export Tool File
IBM SiteProtector DB
McAfee IntruShield DB (Legacy)
Snort File (Legacy)
Sourcefire Defense Center eStreamer
Extra information can be retrieved by using the on-demand payload feature on the
Console. Click on any of the vulnerability events sent by the SmartConnector and you will see in the Event Inspector that Payload data is available; click on the Payload tab and you can see additional information including Description and Recommendation. For services events, you will receive Description and Detail.
You can retrieve, preserve, view, or discard payloads using the Console. Because event payloads are relatively large, HP ArcSight does not store them by default. Instead, you can request payloads from devices for selected events through the Console. If the payload is still held on the device, the SmartConnector retrieves it and sends it to the Console.
Payloads are downloaded and stored only on demand; you must configure ESM to log these packets. By default, 256 bytes of payload are retrieved.
Whether an event has a payload to store is visible in event grids. Unless you specifically request to do so, only the event's "payload ID" (information required to retrieve the payload from the event source) is stored. Payload retention periods are controlled by the configuration of each source device.
Working with Payload Data
The first step in handling event payloads is to be able to locate payload-bearing events among the general flow of events in a grid view. In a Console Viewer panel grid view, rightclick a column header and select Add Column <Device> Payload ID. Look for events showing a Payload ID in that column.
To
retrieve
payloads, in a Viewer panel grid view, double-click an event with an associated payload. In the Event Inspector, click the Payload tab, then click Retrieve Payload.
To
preserve
payloads, in a grid view, right-click an event with an associated payload, select
Payload, then Preserve. Alternatively, in the Event Inspector, click the Payload tab, then the Preserve Payload icon.
To
discard
payloads, in a grid view, right-click an event with an associated payload, select
Payload, then Discard Preserved. You also can use the Event Inspector: In a grid view, double-click an event with an associated payload. In the Event Inspector, click the Payload tab, then click the Discard Preserved Payload icon.
To
save payloads to files
, in a grid view, double-click an event with an associated payload.
In the Event Inspector, click the Payload tab. Click the Save Payload icon. In the Save dialog box, navigate to a directory and enter a name in the File name text field. Click
Save.
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Lowering Network Bandwidth Used by the Connector
SmartConnectors can send event information to the Manager in a compressed format using
HTTP compression. The compression technique used provides compression rates of 1 to 10 or greater, depending upon the input data (in this case, the events sent by the connector).
Using compression lowers the overall network bandwidth used by connectors dramatically without impacting their overall performance.
By default, all SmartConnectors have compression enabled. To turn it off, add the following line to the agent.properties file (located at
ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\user\agent\
): http.transport.compressed = false
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Chapter 5
SmartConnector Destinations
This chapter provides information about configuring a SmartConnector to send events to one or more destinations. A destination is an Manager or device that can receive events from a particular SmartConnector. In addition to the five selections displayed during
SmartConnector configuration explained below, events can be sent to additional or failover destinations.
The following topics are discussed in this chapter:
“SmartConnector Event Destinations” on page 67
“Adding Additional Destinations” on page 68
“Re-Registering a SmartConnector” on page 73
SmartConnector Event Destinations
During SmartConnector installation, you are asked to select a destination for the events collected by the SmartConnector.
ArcSight Manager (encrypted)
This is the main destination used. When SmartConnectors send events to an Manager, the
Manager stores the events in a relational database, processes them using its correlation engine, and makes them visible to the Console or Web interfaces. See
Configuring SmartConnectors‚ on page 37
and the Online Console Help for complete information.
ArcSight Logger SmartMessage (encrypted)
SmartConnectors can send CEF events to Logger using an encrypted, optionally compressed channel called SmartMessage. Logger also can receive CEF syslog events from
SmartConnectors. For more information, see Chapter 6‚ Using SmartConnectors with
Connector Appliance‚ on page 79 ."
NSP Device Poll Listener
The Device Poll Listener detects when changes are made to network devices outside of
Network Configuration Manager (NCM) / Threat Response Manager (TRM). The
SmartConnector captures these changes by collecting syslog output from modified network devices and categorizes the events for ESM. The SmartConnector then initiates an action through NCM/TRM to poll the specific modified network devices to determine the precise changes made to the configuration. For more information, see
SmartConnectors with NSP‚ on page 91
.
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CEF Syslog
This selection sends events in Common Event Format (CEF) (converted to bytes using the
UTF-8 character encoding), and provides three protocol options: UDP, TCP, and TLS.
TCP and UDP can be used to send to Logger (TLS cannot be used for this purpose). Data received using these protocols are received using a TCP or UDP Receiver. One such receiver can receive from more than one connector.
For more information, see Chapter 7‚ Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger‚ on page 83
.
The TLS protocol establishes a secure channel and allows for one-way or two-way authentication. If the TLS protocol is chosen, the events can be received by the SyslogNG
Connector.
For more details about this destination, see
Chapter 9‚ CEF Destinations‚ on page 95
. For more details regarding the SyslogNG Connector, refer to the
SmartConnector Configuration
Guide for Syslog NG Daemon
.
CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP)
This destination sends events in Common Event Format (CEF) through the UDP protocol, providing symmetric-key encryption. This option allows for a “Shared Secret” key that requires configuration to encrypt the data. This data can be decrypted on the receiver side by the CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP) connector.
For more information on this destination, see Chapter 9‚ CEF Destinations‚ on page 95
. For more details on how to decrypt the data, refer to the
SmartConnector Configuration Guide for HP ArcSight CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP)
.
Raw Syslog
This destination sends raw syslog events through the UDP, TCP, or TLS protocol. This destination is used with the SmartConnector for Raw Syslog Daemon to collect raw,
unparsed events for further processing. For more detailed information, see Chapter 11‚
Raw Syslog Destination‚ on page 105
.
CEF File
This selection allows you to capture security events in a CEF file rather than forwarding them to a Manager.
For more detailed information, see
Chapter 9‚ CEF Destinations‚ on page 95 .
CSV File
This selection lets you capture events a SmartConnector normally would send to the
Manager into a CSV file. This is an advanced topic; typical HP ArcSight configurations do not require the use of external files to communicate events to the Manager. For more information, see
Chapter 10‚ CSV File Transport Destination‚ on page 101
.
Adding Additional Destinations
SmartConnectors send a copy of events to each additional destination for which it is configured. Additional destinations can be useful, for example, when you have a development HP ArcSight environment working in parallel with your production
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5 SmartConnector Destinations environment and you want to test rules and reports. You can configure multiple destinations and also have failover destinations for when the primary destination is unavailable.
To start the wizard, execute the following command from
$ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\bin\
: runagentsetup
In such cases, you can configure the SmartConnector to send alerts to both your production Manager and your development Manager to be able to view real-time event flows on both systems. Because the destinations are independent, you do not compromise the events sent to the production Manager.
Configuring Multiple Destinations
Next. To apply your changes, restart the SmartConnector.
The information shown in the windows in the steps in the sections below is meant as example data. Your fields and information will vary, depending on the connector you are modifying.
Failover Destinations
Each SmartConnector destination can have a failover destination that receives security events from the SmartConnector for which it is configured. The failover activates when the primary destination (such as an Manager) is not available (as when a network problem occurs) or is not keeping up with incoming events. These events are backed up to the failover destination. The SmartConnector also, when possible, caches the events and resends them to the primary destination when flow is restored.
A failover destination is not active when the primary destination is available, so the reports and replay features within the secondary Manager could contain incomplete information.
This feature performs as a real-time alternative for severe problems with the primary destination.
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Adding a Failover Destination
To add a failover destination:
1 Modify Connector is selected by default.
2 Click Next. Select Add, modify, or remove destinations.
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3 Click Next. Select a current destination.
5 SmartConnector Destinations
4 Click Next. Select Add fail a over destination.
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5 Click Next. Select the destination type.
6 Click Next. Enter the parameter settings for the failover destination.
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7 Click Next. The destination parameter update begins.
5 SmartConnector Destinations
8 Click Next. The destination parameter completes.
9 Click Next. Choose Exit and click Next.
10 To apply your changes, restart the SmartConnector.
For information about the AUP Master Destination and Filter Out All Events fields,
see “Installing the SmartConnector from an Executable” on page 25
.
Re-Registering a SmartConnector
When the Manager recognizes a SmartConnector, it generates an ID token the
SmartConnector uses to identify its security events. If the Manager stops accepting events
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5 SmartConnector Destinations from a SmartConnector for an unknown reason, or if you have upgraded a SmartConnector but its resource was removed from the database, you may need to re-register the
SmartConnector.
To re-register a SmartConnector:
1 Modify Connector is selected by default.
2 Click Next. Select Add, modify, or remove destinations.
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3 Click Next. Select a current destination.
5 SmartConnector Destinations
4 Click Next. Select Reregister destination.
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5 SmartConnector Destinations
5 Click Next. Enter the User Name and Password for the Manager on which you are attempting to re-register the SmartConnector.
6 Click Next. The reregistration begins.
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7 Click Next. The reregistration completes.
5 SmartConnector Destinations
8 Click Next. Choose Exit and click Next.
9 Restart the SmartConnector to apply the new ID token.
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5 SmartConnector Destinations
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Chapter 6
Using SmartConnectors with
Connector Appliance
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
“Managing SmartConnectors on the Connector Appliance” on page 80
“Choosing a Deployment Scenario” on page 82
HP ArcSight Connector Appliance is a hardware solution that incorporates a number of onboard SmartConnectors and a web-based user interface that provides centralized management for SmartConnectors across a potentially large number of hosts.
The Connector Appliance centralizes SmartConnector management and offers unified control of SmartConnectors on
The Connector Appliance
Remote Connector Appliances
Software-based SmartConnectors (installed on remote hosts)
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Figure 6-1 Connector Appliance includes on-board SmartConnectors that connect event sources to destinations such as Logger and ESM.
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6 Using SmartConnectors with Connector Appliance
The benefits of Connector Appliance include:
Support of bulk operations across all SmartConnectors, which is particularly desirable in ESM deployments with a large number of SmartConnectors, such as a Managed
Security Services Provider (MSSP).
An ESM-like SmartConnector management
facility
in Logger-only environments.
A single interface through which to configure, monitor, tune, and update
SmartConnectors. The Connector Appliance does not receive events from the
SmartConnectors it manages, and this allows for management of many connectors at one time. The Connector Appliance does not affect working SmartConnectors unless it is used to change their configuration. In some cases, the SmartConnector is commanded to restart.
Figure 6-2 Connector Appliance manages all your SmartConnectors
SmartConnectors that forward events to ESM can be managed using the ESM Console, so the Connector Appliance is not required if all SmartConnectors have ESM as their only destination. However, the Connector Appliance is very useful when connectors target multiple heterogeneous destinations (for example, when Logger is deployed along with
ESM), in a Logger-only environment, or when a large number of SmartConnectors are involved, such as in a MSSP deployment.
Connector Appliance SmartConnectors operate within
Containers
. Each Container runs its own Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Containers contain one or more SmartConnectors.
Managing SmartConnectors on the Connector
Appliance
The Connector Appliance manages three types of SmartConnector:
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6 Using SmartConnectors with Connector Appliance
Local (on-board) SmartConnectors
The Connector Appliance includes multiple Containers and on-board SmartConnectors. The manager interface can be used to manage these local SmartConnectors as well as remote connectors.
High load on on-board connectors may impact performance of the Connector
Appliance’s web-based interface.
Remote Connector Appliance SmartConnectors
The Connector Appliance can manage SmartConnectors on remote Connector Appliances, as well as other HP ArcSight hardware solutions such as Logger.
Software-Based SmartConnectors
Previously-installed, software-based SmartConnectors can be remotely managed by some
Connector Appliance models, but the remote management feature is disabled on software
SmartConnectors by default.
To manage software-based SmartConnectors with the Connector Appliance, enable remote management on them. To do so, add the following property to the user/agent/agent.properties
file in the installation directory of each
SmartConnector that you want to manage with the Connector Appliance: remote.management.enabled=true
Restart the SmartConnector for property changes to take effect.
You can also customize the port on which the Connector will be listening. By default, this port is set to 9001, but it can be changed by adding the following property to user/agent/agent.properties
: remote.management.listener.port=9002
In the example above, the Connector listens on port 9002.
Only fifth-generation SmartConnectors support remote management, so you will need connector build 4855 (4.0.5.4878.0) or later to use this feature.
Remote Management is not supported on connectors running AIX. This limitation is due to elements within the AIX platform.
Multiple software-based SmartConnectors installed on the same host require a separate port assignment. The default port for SmartConnectors is 9001, so the second SmartConnector installed on the same host should use an alternate port. HP recommends using port 9002, 9003, 9004, and so on.
For a complete list of all SmartConnectors supported by the Connector Appliance, see the
Connector Appliance Release Notes.
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6 Using SmartConnectors with Connector Appliance
Choosing a Deployment Scenario
The Connector Appliance can be deployed wherever SmartConnectors are needed, providing the following benefits:
SmartConnector management without ESM (that is, Logger-only environments)
Remote control of runtime parameters, such as bandwidth control
Centralized SmartConnector upgrade management and control
Centralized troubleshooting of specific SmartConnectors
HP ArcSight Logger
Logger receives events from and sends to SmartConnectors, but lacks the depth of
SmartConnector management found in ESM.
A Logger-only deployment benefits from the Connector Appliance in many ways, and provides most, but not all, of ESM’s management function (for example, it does not contain the filter designer). The Connector Appliance also offers features that ESM does not, such as bulk operations (enabling control of many SmartConnectors at one time).
Connector Appliance also can configure SmartConnectors with failover destinations, providing central failover control when redundant Loggers are deployed for this purpose.
All or some SmartConnectors can be configured to send events to a second Logger or to an event file in the case of communication failure with the primary destination.
For more detailed information about Logger, see Chapter 7‚ Using SmartConnectors with
HP ArcSight ESM
Deploying the Connector Appliance in an ESM environment centralizes SmartConnector upgrade, log management, and other configuration issues. For more information, see
Chapter 4‚ Configuring SmartConnectors‚ on page 37 .
ESM and Logger
Connector Appliance centralizes control when events are sent to ESM and Logger simultaneously. In one scenario, all events are sent to Logger while only high-value events are sent to ESM (for further analysis, for example). In another scenario, all events are sent to both, but Logger implements a longer retention policy.
Although each SmartConnector has specific destination parameters, the Connector
Appliance allows for “bulk” management, eliminating the need to manually access each remote SmartConnector host to add or change destinations.
For more detailed information and instructions for using Connector Appliance, refer to the
Connector Appliance Administrator’s Guide
.
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Chapter 7
Using SmartConnectors with
ArcSight Logger
HP ArcSight Logger is a log management solution that is optimized for extremely high event throughput. Logger logs (or stores) time-stamped text messages, called events, at high sustained input rates. Events consist of a receipt time, a source (host name or IP address), and an un-parsed message portion. Logger compresses raw data, but also can retrieve it in an unmodified form for forensics-quality litigation reporting. Unlike ESM,
Logger does not normalize events.
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
“Sending Events from Logger to an ESM Manager” on page 83
“Sending Events to Logger” on page 84
“Sending Events to Both Logger and an ESM Manager” on page 86
“Forwarding Events from ESM to Logger” on page 88
Multiple Loggers can work together to support an extremely high event volume. Logger can be configured as a peer network with queries distributed across all peer Loggers.
Sending Events from Logger to an ESM Manager
Logger’s most basic function is to store a large volume of security events. Logger can send a subset of these events to an ESM Manager. It sends syslog or HP Arcsight Common Event
Format (CEF) events directly to ESM through a built-in SmartConnector called an ESM
Destination. An ESM Destination appears as a SmartConnector on an ESM Console. For more information about ESM Destinations, see the
HP ArcSight Logger Administrator’s
Guide
.
Logger and SmartMessage
SmartMessage is HP ArcSight technology used by Logger to provide a secure channel between SmartConnectors and Logger. SmartMessage provides an end-to-end encrypted
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7 Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger secure channel. At one end is an SmartConnector, receiving events from the many devices it supports; on the other end is SmartMessage Receiver on Logger.
Figure 7-1 Logger Receivers (R) and Forwarders (F)
The SmartMessage secure channel uses HTTPS (secure sockets layer protocol) to send encrypted events to Logger. This is similar to, but different from the encrypted binary protocol used between SmartConnectors and
Manager.
Use port 443 (rather than HP ArcSight's traditional port 8443) because the secure channel uses HTTPS.
Sending Events to Logger
1 Set up the SmartMessage Receiver on Logger (see the
HP ArcSight Logger
Administrator’s Guide
for detailed instructions).
2 Install the SmartConnector component as documented in the SmartConnector
Configuration Guide.
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7 Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger
3 Navigate through the windows and select ArcSight Logger SmartMessage
(encrypted).
4 Click Next. Enter the Logger Host Name/IP, leave the port number at default
(443), and enter the Receiver Name. This setting should match the Receiver name you created in step 1 so that Logger can listen to events from this SmartConnector.
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5 Click Next. Navigate through the subsequent windows until receiving a message that confirms the configuration was successful. Select Exit and click Next to exit the wizard.
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7 Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger
Sending Events to Both Logger and an ESM Manager
1 Set up the SmartMessage Receiver on Logger (see the
HP ArcSight Logger
Administrator’s Guide
for detailed instructions).
2 Install the SmartConnector component (see the SmartConnector Configuration Guide for your device).
3 Register the SmartConnector with a running Manager and test that the
SmartConnector is up and running.
4 Using the $ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\bin\runagentsetup script, restart the
SmartConnector configuration program.
5 Select Add, modify, or remove destinations.
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6 Click Next. Select Add destination.
7 Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger
7 Click Next. Select ArcSight Logger SmartMessage (encrypted).
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7 Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger
8 Click Next. Specify the Host Name/IP, the desired Port, and select either Disabled
(the default value) or Enabled data compression.
9 Click Next. A message confirms that the configuration was successful. Select Exit and click Next to exit the wizard.
10 Restart the SmartConnector for changes to take effect.
Forwarding Events from ESM to Logger
The HP ArcSight Forwarding Connector can read events from an ESM Manager and forward them to Logger using ArcSight’s Common Event Format (CEF).
The Forwarding SmartConnector is a separate installable file, named similarly to this: ArcSight-4.x.x.<build>.x-SuperConnector-<platform>.exe.
Use Forwarding Connector build 4810 or later for compatibility with Logger v1.5 or later.
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7 Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger
1 Follow the instructions in the SmartConnector Configuration Guide for your device to install the SmartConnector. When you reach step 3, select CEF Syslog.
2 Click Next. Specify the required parameters for CEF output. Enter the desired port for
UDP or TCP output (TLS is not applicable). These settings should match the Receiver you created in Logger to listen for events from ESM.
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Parameter
Ip/Host
Port
Protocol
Description
IP or host name of the Logger
514 or another port that matches the Receiver
UDP or Raw TCP
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7 Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger
3 Continue with SmartConnector installation.
To configure the Forwarding SmartConnector to send CEF output to Logger and send events to another Manager at the same time, see
“Sending Events to Both Logger and an
.
Defining SmartConnector Settings in Logger
After installing the SmartConnectors to communicate with Logger, you can set up their properties through the SmartConnector Configuration Wizard. Assuming you have installed
the SmartConnector component as previously shown (see Chapter 3‚ Installing
for detailed instructions), complete these steps:
1 Using the $ARCSIGHT_HOME\current\bin\runagentsetup script, restart the
SmartConnector configuration program.
2 Select Add, modify, or remove destinations.
3
Click Next. For details, see Chapter 4‚ Configuring SmartConnectors‚ on page 37
.
4 Click Next and proceed with the configuration.
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Chapter 8
Using SmartConnectors with NSP
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
“Deploying a Syslog SmartConnector with NSP” on page 92
“Configuring the Syslog SmartConnectors” on page 93
HP ArcSight Network Synergy Platform (NSP) is an appliance that consists of these two licensed software components, also known as managers:
Network Configuration Manager (NCM)
Threat Response Manager (TRM)
These two components build and maintain a detailed understanding of your network’s topology, letting you centrally manage your network infrastructure and rapidly respond to security incidents.
The NCM/TRM solution lets you automate network configuration changes across heterogeneous networks, manage and audit configuration changes on the network from a central console, and obtain quick and easy web-based reports for network device inventory and configuration settings.
The HP ArcSight Syslog SmartConnector increases NSP’s visibility into the network. It detects network configuration changes in syslog format using SNMP traps, which can then trigger NSP to launch an action to poll the network devices for the complete, new configuration.
The benefits of the NCM/TRM solution include:
Complete visibility into all changes being made to network devices, even where the changes are made directly to the network devices.
Real-time detection and notification for any non-compliant or unauthorized changes.
Ensured compliance with internal standard operating procedures as well as external regulations.
The following instructions apply to SmartConnector version 4.0.6 and
later, which support SmartMessage communication with NSP. If you do not have this or a later SmartConnector build, download the latest from the support site.
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8 Using SmartConnectors with NSP
Deploying a Syslog SmartConnector with NSP
Where you deploy NSP with an Syslog Connector, NSP is also connected to ESM, letting you use ESM's correlation, trending, reporting, and monitoring tools to track network configuration activity in conjunction with other activity on your network. An Syslog
Connector can also connect NSP with Logger, which provides a clearer picture of network configuration changes happening on your network.
Other uses for deploying syslog SmartConnectors in conjunction with NSP include:
Enabling a hybrid configuration and change control model that permits certain changes to be made directly to network devices, while still maintaining control, visibility, auditing, and compliance for all changes in a central repository (NSP).
Providing a closed-loop solution for capturing network configuration related event information from all sources from which the change can be made (NSP directly, proxied through NSP, or directly to the device) and forwarding this information to ESM in an integrated manner.
The SmartConnector installation wizard contains an NSP Device Poll Listener destination. The Device Poll Listener detects when changes are made to network devices outside of NSP. The SmartConnector captures these changes by collecting syslog output from modified network devices and categorizes the events for ESM.
The SmartConnector then initiates an action through NSP to poll the specific modified network devices to determine the precise changes made to the configuration.
At the same time, NSP can run audits automatically to determine whether the particular change caused the configuration to fall into a non-compliant state. NSP determines this by comparing the current device configuration parameters against the pre-defined policy or benchmark. If there is a deviation from the policy, the audit fails and an alert is sent to the appropriate personnel within the organization, notifying them of the audit failure so they can take immediate action.
You also have the option of forwarding all categorized events to ESM or Logger in a normalized format through Common Event Format (CEF) for further analysis or storage.
By capturing these changes and immediately prompting NSP to run a device poll or audit at the precise time of the configuration change, this solution provides an automatic, real-time, closed-feedback loop for all configuration changes, even if they are made directly to network devices outside the scope of NSP.
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8 Using SmartConnectors with NSP
The following diagram depicts the Syslog SmartConnector solution deployed with NSP and
ESM.
Figure 8-1 The Syslog SmartConnector solution deployed with NSP
The NSP solution can also be used to remediate the non-compliant device by rolling back to the previous configuration, or by making the specific configuration changes required to return the device into a state that is compliant with the policy or benchmark.
Please keep the following in mind when configuring and deploying NSP:
It is optional to run NSP as an audit while the device is polled; however, it does require that audits be currently subscribed to that particular network device or device group.
Alert options include syslog, SNMP, and e-mail.
Remediation is an optional step, as some administrators may simply want to be alerted of the change so they can take their own actions; however, remediation requires that the appropriate remediation links be built in advance.
It is optional to forward events to ESM or Logger. Neither appliance is required for this solution to be fully functional.
For NSP to poll a network device, it must be previously known within the network.
Configuring the Syslog SmartConnectors
1 Follow the installation instructions from the SmartConnector Configuration Guide of your Syslog device through SmartConnector installation step 3.
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8 Using SmartConnectors with NSP
2 When the window is the displayed asking for you to select the destination type you want to configure, select NSP Device Poll Listener and click Next.
3 Enter the NCM Host name or IP address, the NCM User, and the NCM Password.
The NCM Host is the IP address or hostname of the NSP system that will interact with the syslog connector. The NCM User and NCM Password are the user name and password credentials you use to log into the NSP system.
4 Click Next.
5 Continue with SmartConnector installation step 8 from the SmartConnector
Configuration Guide of your Syslog device.
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Chapter 9
CEF Destinations
This chapter explains the three selections available for sending events in Common Event
Format (CEF).
The following topics are discussed:
“CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP)” on page 97
CEF Syslog
The TCP and UCP destination can be used to send events to Logger, where data is received using a TCP or UDP Receiver. One such receiver can receive from more than one connector.
For detailed information, see
Chapter 7‚ Using SmartConnectors with ArcSight Logger‚ on page 83 .
The TLS protocol provides a means of sending events through a secure channel (an option that does not apply to Logger). This data can be received by any application that supports
TLS reception. TLS reception is supported through the SyslogNG connector. If you wish to use the TLS protocol, ensure that you have installed and configured the SyslogNG
Connector on the receiver side.
If the connector is not yet installed, refer to the
HP ArcSight SmartConnector Configuration
Guide for Syslog NG Daemon
for instructions.
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9 CEF Destinations
1 To proceed, run the SmartConnector Installation Wizard and choose CEF Syslog.
2 Enter the Ip/Host and Port information, then choose TLS from the drop-down menu.
3 Click Next to proceed with the remainder of the installation.
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9 CEF Destinations
CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP)
The CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP) destination allows for events to be sent encrypted over
UDP, using a “Shared Secret”.
Logger does not accept CEF Encrypted Syslog .
To decrypt the data on the receiving side, ensure that you have installed and configured the HP ArcSight CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP) connector. If the connector is not yet installed, refer to the
SmartConnector Configuration Guide for ArcSight CEF Encrypted
Syslog (UDP)
for instructions.
1 To proceed, run the SmartConnector Installation Wizard and choose CEF Encrypted
Syslog (UDP).
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9 CEF Destinations
2 Click Next. Enter the destination with a port, IP address, and a 16 character shared key for encryption (Shared Secret). The same Shared Key must be used when configuring the CEF Encrypted Syslog (UDP) connector on the receiving side.
3 Click Next and proceed with the installation.
CEF File
This selection allows you to capture events that a SmartConnector would normally send to the Manager, and route them to a file. The format called Common Event Format (CEF) can be readily adopted by vendors of both security and non-security devices. This format contains the most relevant event information, making it easy for event consumers to parse and use them.
For detailed descriptions of field information, see the
CEF Standard Document
(
Common
Event Format Guide)
.
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9 CEF Destinations
1 To proceed, run the SmartConnector Installation Wizard and choose CEF File.
2 Enter the following values for these parameters.
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Parameter
CEF Folder
File Rotation
Interval
File Size
What to enter or select
Path where the CEF files are stored
The desired file rotation interval, in seconds. The default is
3,600 (one hour).
File size in megabytes (default: 10 MB)
3 Click Next and proceed with the installation.
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9 CEF Destinations
File Rotation
Events are appended to the current file until the rotation time interval expires or the maximum file size is reached. When either condition is exceeded, a new current file is created and the previous current file is renamed (as detailed below).
Event files are named using the timestamp of their creation, and all files, with the exception of the current file, have the text 'done.cef' appended. For example, a typical
CEF file set configured to rotate every hour might consist of files named in this manner:
2010-01-28-10-55-33.cef
2010-01-28-09-55-33.done.cef
2010-01-28-08-55-33.done.cef
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Chapter 10
CSV File Transport Destination
This chapter explains how to capture events that a SmartConnector would normally send to the Manager, and route them to a file. Typical HP ArcSight configurations do not require the use of external files to communicate events to the Manager.
The following topics are discussed:
“CSV File Installation” on page 102
“Event Data Rotation” on page 103
Event data is written to a file in Excel-compatible comma-separated values (CSV) format, with comments prefixed by ‘#.’ A SmartConnector can be configured to preface the data with a comment line that describes the fields found on a subsequent line. A typical event file might look like this:
#event.eventName,event.attackerAddress,event.targetAddress
"Port scan detected","1.1.1.1","2.2.2.2"
"Worm ""Code red"" detected","1.1.1.1","2.2.2.2"
"SQL Slammer detected","1.1.1.1","2.2.2.2"
"Email virus detected","1.1.1.1","2.2.2.2"
Event data is written to files in the specified folder and can be configured to rotate periodically.
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CSV File Installation
1 To install a SmartConnector that logs security events in a CSV file rather than forwarding them to an Manager, run the SmartConnector Installation Wizard and, from the selection, choose CSV File.
2 Enter the following values for these parameters.
Parameter
CSV Path
What to enter or select
The path to the output folder. If it does not exist, the folder is created.
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10 CSV File Transport Destination
Parameter
Fields
File rotation interval
Write format header
What to enter or select
A comma-delimited list of field names to be sent to the CSV file.
Field names are in the form event.targetPort.
The desired file rotation interval, in seconds. The default is 3,600
(one hour).
Select true to send a header row with labels for each column, as described above.
3 Click Next and proceed with the installation.
Event Data Rotation
Events are appended to the current file until the rotation time interval expires, at which time a new current file is created and the previous current file is renamed. One hour is a typical rotation time interval.
Event files are named using the timestamp of their creation, and all files, with the exception of the current file, have the text '.done.csv' appended. For example, a typical
CSV file set configured to rotate every hour might consist of files named in this manner:
2007-01-28-10-55-33.csv
2007-01-28-09-55-33.csv.done
2007-01-28-08-55-33.csv.done
Using the properties file, you can customize the configuration of your CSV SmartConnector to filter and aggregate events as desired.
You also can configure a SmartConnector to send events to a CSV file and an ESM Manager at the same time.
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Chapter 11
Raw Syslog Destination
This chapter explains how to capture raw syslog events. Refer to the
SmartConnector
Configuration Guide for Raw Syslog Daemon
for information about both the
SmartConnector and the Raw Syslog destination.
The following topics are discussed:
Overview
Although normalized data is faster and easier to parse and access, many IT professionals prefer having the raw data available for review, forensics, and litigation. In conjunction with the Raw Syslog connector destination, the SmartConnector for Raw Syslog Daemon lets you extract and collect raw syslog events from syslog servers using the TLS, Raw TCP, or UDP protocols.
This destination works in conjunction with the Raw Syslog SmartConnector, which captures security events in raw syslog. When you install the Raw Syslog SmartConnector, run the
SmartConnector Installation Wizard and, from the destination selection, choose Raw
Syslog.
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After you enter the raw syslog destination parameters and click Next, the SmartConnector
Configuration Wizard proceeds as usual.
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Appendix A
ArcSight Update Packs (AUPs)
This appendix describes the HP ArcSight Update Packs (AUPs) used to update content between the Manager and SmartConnectors. AUP files may contain information that applies to SmartConnectors or ESM related updates.
This appendix contains:
“HP ArcSight Content AUPs” on page 107
“ESM Generated AUPs” on page 109
HP ArcSight Content AUPs
AUP files provide a way to collect a set of files together and update ArcSight resources as well as distribute parsers to SmartConnectors. HP ArcSight continuously develops new
SmartConnector event categorization mappings, often called "content." This content is packaged in ArcSight Update Packs (AUP) files. All existing content is included with major product releases, but it is possible to stay completely current by receiving up-to-date, regular content updates from HP Subscribers Choice. Contact HP SSO for details.
Content updates (ArcSight-xxxx-ConnectorContent.aup) are provided by support and contain data that is then transferred to registered connectors. An AUP can provide updates for:
1 Event categorizations (Category Behavior, Category Object, etc.)
2 Default zone mappings (what IP maps to which zone by default)
3 OS mappings (when a network is scanned, where the asset is created)
Content such as filters, rules and dashboards is not provided by the AUP.
As shown below, the method of uploading an AUP varies depending on the HP ArcSight product.
ESM
Content updates are available from support. To update,
1 Download the latest AUP release.
2 Copy the .aup file to ARCSIGHT_HOME\updates\ onto a running Manager.
SmartConnectors registered to this ESM automatically download the .aup and, once completed, an audit event is generated.
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A ArcSight Update Packs (AUPs)
ESM/Logger
A SmartConnector can send events to ESM and Logger simultaneously. In this configuration, it’s helpful to use the AUP Master Destination feature. AUP Master
Destination allows ESM to push AUP content to the SmartConnector used for its Logger destination(s). Logger is not capable of storing or pushing its own AUP content.
1 Using the SmartConnector Configuration Wizard, add the ESM destination and set the
AUP Master Destination parameter to true (the default is false).
2 If you have not already done so, you can also add the Logger destination.
3 Copy the .aup file to ARCSIGHT_HOME\updates\ on the running ESM Manager you added in step 1.
The AUP content is pushed from ESM to the SmartConnector, which then sends an internal event to confirm. Since the AUP Master Destination flag was set for the ESM destination, that AUP content is used by the SmartConnector for Logger or any other non-ESM destinations.
The AUP Master Destination flag should be set to true for only one ESM destination at a time. If more than one ESM destination is set and the flag is true for more than one, only the first is treated as master.
Failover ESM destinations cannot be AUP Masters.
Logger
Logger has no facility to store or forward AUPs to SmartConnectors.
Connector Appliance
Connector Appliance does not support automatic deployment of an AUP. Contact customer support for assistance.
Connector Appliance
Uploading an AUP through Connector Appliance is performed through it’s web-based user interface. From the Advanced Operations tab, the Connector Upgrade Repository displays upgrades that have been uploaded using the Connector Upgrade command.
To upload .aup updates,
1 Download the latest AUP.
2 From the Advanced Operations tab, click Upgrade, and then click the Upgrade
Repositories sub-tab.
3 Click Upload to browse to the downloaded .aup file.
4 Click the Submit button.
The next step is to push this upgrade to one or more containers. To push the upgrade
.aup
to a container(s),
1 Click the Upgrade Connectors sub-tab.
2 Click the check box for container(s) that you wish to upgrade.
3 Click the Upgrade button.
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A ArcSight Update Packs (AUPs)
4 From the drop down menu, select the appropriate upgrade.
5 Click Save.
The file you updated should now appear in the list.
For more detailed information about Connector Appliance, see the
Connector Appliance
Administrator's Guide
.
ESM Generated AUPs
Some AUPs are generated by ESM itself for internal maintenance and operation.
User Categorization Updates
User Categorization Updates, (for example, usercategorizations_user_supplied_00000000001300014581.aup
) are generated by ESM when a user modifies the way an event is categorized through the Console tools.
These updates are then transferred to the registered connectors to update the way the newly sent events will be categorized. This is generally used for categorizing custom signatures for which HP ArcSight does not provide categorization.
System Zones Updates
System Zones updates (for example, system-zonemappings_00000000000000000001.aup
) are generated by ESM when a change to the
HP ArcSight System zones is detected, then transported to the necessary connectors. It contains the new System-Zone mappings so incoming events are attached to the correct zones or assets in ESM.
As System Zones are always present, all SmartConnectors connected to ESM routinely receive them as an AUP.
User Zones Updates
User Zones updates (for example, user-zonemappings_3RxkkOxYBABDRZlZyr6nrWg==_00000000001700001895.aup
) are generated by ESM when a change to a user-created zone configuration is detected, then transported to the necessary connector. It contains the new zone mappings so that incoming events are attached to the correct zones or assets in ESM.
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A ArcSight Update Packs (AUPs)
110 ArcSight SmartConnectors User’s Guide Confidential
Appendix B
SmartConnector Frequently
Asked Questions
Confidential
The following are a list of frequently asked questions. This section is periodically updated.
“What if my device is not one of the listed SmartConnectors?” on page 112
“My device is on the list of supported products; why doesn't it appear in the
SmartConnector Configuration Wizard?” on page 112
“Why isn't the SmartConnector reporting all events?” on page 112
“Why are some event fields not showing up in the Console?” on page 112
“Why isn't the SmartConnector reporting events?” on page 112
“How can I get my database SmartConnector to start reading events from the beginning?” on page 112
“When events are cached and the connection to the Manager is re-established, which events are sent?” on page 113
“Why does the status report the size of the cache as smaller than it should be? For example, I know that a few events have been received by the SmartConnector since the Manager went down, yet the report marks events as zero.” on page 113
“Why does the estimated cache size never change in some SmartConnectors? Why is the estimated cache size negative in others?” on page 113
“Can the SmartConnector cache reside somewhere other than user/agent/agentdata?” on page 113
“Why is my end time always set to a later date and time?” on page 114
“Do our Syslog SmartConnectors support forwarded messages from KIWI or AIX?” on page 114
“What does the T mean in the periodic SmartConnector status lines?” on page 114
“What do Evts and Eps refer to?” on page 114
“Does a file reader SmartConnector reading files over a network share display errors when the network share is disconnected? How can I recognize which error message refers to which file in agent.log and agent.out.wrapper.log?” on page 114
“Are log files accessed sequentially or in parallel?” on page 115
“After reading a log file, can a SmartConnector move them using NFS?” on page 115
“My SmartConnector must read log files from a remote machine through a network share. How can I do this?” on page 115
“Is there any limitation on performance relating to EPS?” on page 115
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B SmartConnector Frequently Asked Questions
“How many log files can a SmartConnector access at one time?” on page 115
“What is the recommended maximum number of SmartConnectors per ESM
Manager?” on page 115
My machine is in a different location than 'en_US' and my connectors are running into parser errors when parsing timestamp fields.
The SmartConnector assumes a default locale of 'en_US'. If your machine is running in a different locale, your connector may run into parsing errors when parsing timestamps. Try changing the parser locale by adding a property
'agent.parser.locale.name=<locale of your machine>' into user/agent/agent.properties
, then restart your connector.
For example, China and France would have the following locales: agent.parser.locale.name=zh_CN agent.parser.locale.name=fr_FR
To use the default locale for the connector machine, you can leave the locale blank
(agent.parser.locale.name=).
What if my device is not one of the listed SmartConnectors?
HP ArcSight offers an optional feature called the FlexConnector Development Kit
(SDK), which can assist you in creating a custom SmartConnector for your device.
HP ArcSight can create a custom SmartConnector; contact customer support for more information.
My device is on the list of supported products; why doesn't it appear in the
SmartConnector Configuration Wizard?
SmartConnectors are installable based upon the operating system you are using. If your device is not listed, either it is not supported by the operating system on which you are attempting to install, or your device is served by a Syslog server and is, therefore, a syslog sub-connector. To install a Syslog SmartConnector, select Syslog Daemon, Syslog Pipe, or Syslog File during the installation process.
Why isn't the SmartConnector reporting all events?
Check that event filtering and aggregation setup is appropriate for your needs.
Why are some event fields not showing up in the Console?
Check that the two separate turbo modes for the SmartConnector and the ESM Manager are compatible for the specific SmartConnector resource. If the Manager is set for a faster turbo mode than the SmartConnector, some event details will be lost. See
HP ArcSight Turbo Modes” on page 23
for detailed information.
Why isn't the SmartConnector reporting events?
Check the SmartConnector log for errors. Also, if the SmartConnector cannot communicate with the Manager, it caches events until its cache is full. A full cache can result in the permanent loss of events.
How can I get my database SmartConnector to start reading events from the beginning?
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B SmartConnector Frequently Asked Questions
If it is a FlexConnector for Time-Based DB, set the following parameter in agent.properties: agents[0].startatdate=01/01/1970 00:00:00
If it is an FlexConnector for ID-Based DB, set the following parameter in agent.properties: agents[0].startatid=0
When events are cached and the connection to the Manager is re-established, which events are sent?
Events are sent with a 70% live and 30% cached events ratio. If live events are not arriving quickly, the percentage of cached events can be higher. This can reach 100% if there are no live events.
Also, if the settings dictate that certain event severities are not sent at the time connection is restored, those events are never sent. This is true even if they were originally generated
(and cached) at a time when they would ordinarily go out.
Why does the status report the size of the cache as smaller than it should be?
For example, I know that a few events have been received by the
SmartConnector since the Manager went down, yet the report marks events as zero.
Some of the events are in other places in the system, such as the HTTP transport queue.
Shut down the SmartConnector and look at the cache size in the .size.dflt file to confirm that the events are really still there.
Why does the estimated cache size never change in some SmartConnectors?
Why is the estimated cache size negative in others?
The estimated cache size is derived from a size file that gets read at startup and written at shutdown. If the SmartConnector could not write the size at shutdown (for example, due to an ungraceful shutdown, disk problem, or similar problem) the number could be incorrect.
Newer versions will attempt to rebuild this cache size if they find it to be incorrect, but older builds do not.
One solution is to:
1 Stop the SmartConnector.
2 Delete the size file (a file with extension .size.dflt) under current\user\agent\agentdata
.
3 Re-start the SmartConnector.
The SmartConnector detects that there is no size file and re-builds the cache size by reading all the cache files.
Can the SmartConnector cache reside somewhere other than user/agent/agentdata
?
You can change the folder to contain the SmartConnector cache by adding the following property in agent.properties: agentcache.base.folder=<relative-folder-path> where <relative-folder-path> is the path of the folder relative to
$ARCSIGHT_HOME
.
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B SmartConnector Frequently Asked Questions
Why is my end time always set to a later date and time?
The Manager performs auto time correction for older events. If the end time is older than your retention period, it is set automatically to that lower bound. A warning is displayed and an internal event with the same message is sent to you.
Do our Syslog SmartConnectors support forwarded messages from KIWI or
AIX?
Yes.
The property related to KIWI is syslog.kiwi.forwarded.prefix=KiwiSyslog Original Address
Kiwi adds a prefix with the original address. For example, the message:
Jan 01 10:00:00 myhostname SSH connection open to 1.1.1.1
is converted to
Jan 01 10:00:00 myhostname KiwiSyslog Original Address myoriginalhost: SSH connection open to 1.1.1.1
The SmartConnector strips out the prefix and uses myoriginalhost as the Device
Host Name.
The property related to AIX is syslog.aix.forwarded.prefixes=Message forwarded from,Forwarded from
Similar actions are performed for messages forwarded using AIX.
What does the T mean in the periodic SmartConnector status lines?
"T" is shorthand for "throughput(SLC)." The following lines are in agent.defaults.properties: status.watermark.stdoutkeys=AgentName,Events
Processed,Events/Sec(SLC),Estimated Cache
Size,status,throughput(SLC),hbstatus,sent status.watermark.stdoutkeys.alias=N,Evts,Eps,C,ET,T,HT,S
The SLC stands for Since Last Check, which means "in the last minute," assuming status.watermark.sleeptime=60 has not been overridden.
What do Evts and Eps refer to?
Eps is an acronym for Events Processed and Evts is an acronym for Events/Sec(SLC).
Does a file reader SmartConnector reading files over a network share display errors when the network share is disconnected? How can I recognize which error message refers to which file in agent.log and agent.out.wrapper.log?
If the network share is a Linux/UNIX NFS mount or a Windows network mapped drive, the file reader SmartConnector displays errors in the agent log.
If files are being read using a Windows UNC path that does not require network mapping, the file reader SmartConnector cannot detect a network connection loss.
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B SmartConnector Frequently Asked Questions
Error messages related to file access contain the file name, but error messages related to log line parsing do not.
Are log files accessed sequentially or in parallel?
This depends upon the SmartConnector you are using. Some log file connectors process files sequentially and others process log files in parallel.
After reading a log file, can a SmartConnector move them using NFS?
Yes. Folder Follower connectors can rename or move the files using NFS, as long as the folders containing the log files give the correct permissions for the SmartConnector.
My SmartConnector must read log files from a remote machine through a network share. How can I do this?
To establish a network share to a remote machine, you can use network mapping on
Windows platforms, and NFS or Samba mounting on Linux/UNIX platforms.
If you are running the SmartConnector as a Windows service, access privileges to the network share are required. To access the user name and password panel:
1 From the Start menu, select Control Panel.
2 Double-click Administrative Tools.
3 Double-click Services.
4 Right-click the name of the appropriate SmartConnector and select Properties.
5 Click the Log on tab, and enter the user name and password for the user with access permissions to the file share. Specify the file path using UNC notation, not as a network mapped drive.
Is there any limitation on performance relating to EPS?
These limitations are subjective and depend upon system resources, number of devices, number of events, and so on.
How many log files can a SmartConnector access at one time?
The SmartConnector can access as many log files as it is configured with. The folders are processed in parallel.
What is the recommended maximum number of SmartConnectors per ESM
Manager?
There is no hard and fast maximum. The Manager has a restriction of 64 concurrent
SmartConnector threads by default. The more threads you add, the more it affects performance, because there is more thread context-switching overhead. The general recommendation is to definitely stay lower than the triple-digit range.
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