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METAS VNA Tools II - User Manual V1.3
Michael Wollensack
April 2014
Contents
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Navigation Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Tabular Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Filetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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File Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Calibration Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Agilent Model Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Databased Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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New Database Standard Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Primary Airline Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Primary Offset Short Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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VNA Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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VNA Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Cable Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Custom Cable Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Custom Connector Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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User Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Cascade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Change Zr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Data Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Agilent Uncertainty Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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43
11 Calibration Standard Model Fit
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2
1 Installation
1.1
System Requirements
The following list describes the minimum software and hardware requirements of METAS VNA Tools II.
• Microsoft Windows XP (Windows 7 64 Bit is recommended)
• Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5
• Microsoft Windows Installer 3.1
• National Instruments VISA 5.2
• At least 1024 megabytes (MB) of RAM (4096 MB is recommended)
• At least 100 megabytes (MB) of available space on the hard disk
• Video adapter and monitor with SVGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution
(1920 x 1200 is recommended)
1.2
Steps
The following steps describe the installation of METAS VNA Tools II.
1. Double-click on the METAS VNA Tools II setup program
2. Accept license agreement
3. Select installation folder
4. Confirm installation
5. Installation complete
After the installation, one can start METAS VNA Tools II by double-clicking on its desktop shortcut.
3
2 Overview
METAS VNA Tools II is a software which is designed to compute uncertainties of S-parameter measurements:
• It uses a VNA measurement model for N -port Vector Network Analyzers.
• It supports the following calibration types: One Port, SOLT, GSOLT,
QSOLT, Unknown Thru, TRL, and Optimization.
• It allows the definition of all influences that affect VNA measurements.
• It uses the Linear Propagation module of Metas.UncLib to propagate all uncertainties through the VNA measurement model.
• It can visualize S-parameter data with uncertainties.
The graphical user interface is split up into two parts, see Figure 1. The navi-
gation bar is in the upper part of the screen and below is the tabular control.
Figure 1: METAS VNA Tools II
2.1
Navigation Bar
The following user controls are available in the navigation bar:
Global Root Path sets the root directory for all tabular pages.
New Project creates a new project, see section 2.1.1.
Browse selects a root directory.
Options sets the METAS VNA Tools II options, see section 2.1.2.
Create Screenshots creates screen shots of all tabular pages.
About shows the about box.
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2.1.1
New Project
The dialog called New Project can be used to create a new project, see Figure
2. The following user controls are available:
Figure 2: METAS VNA Tools II / New Project
Project Name specifies a name for the new project. A new directory will be created.
Project Location sets the root directory for the new project.
VNA Device selects a VNA device.
Cable selects a cable from the database.
Connector selects a connector from the database.
Calibration Template selects a template for the calibration configuration from the database.
2.1.2
Options
The options dialog can be used to configure the options of METAS VNA Tools
II, see Figure 3. The following user controls are available:
Figure 3: METAS VNA Tools II / Options
Default Root Path sets the root directory.
Default Root Path Database sets the root directory for the database.
Single Instance limits the METAS VNA Tools II application to one instance.
5
Drift Model specifies the used drift model. One can chose the Correlated or
Uncorrelated model (default: Correlated). The drift model which is uncorrelated is obsolete and was used in older versions of METAS VNA Tools
II (before V0.9). The new drift model (correlated) uses the time stamp of the measurement to compute how big is the drift between multiple measurements.
2.2
Tabular Control
The following tabular pages are available:
Data Explorer is designed to visualize S-parameter files.
Database specifies values and uncertainties of cables, calibration standards, connectors and VNA devices.
Measurement Journal is used to collect measurement data and to protocol the measurement process.
Calibration Config configures a VNA calibration and computes the error terms.
Error Correction configures and computes the error correction of raw measurement data.
Sliding Load configures and computes the circle fit of a sliding load.
Tools provides some tools for post processing of data.
Script provides a built-in Iron Python script engine.
Agilent Model Fit computes the Agilent model parameters for a calibration standard.
6
3 Data Explorer
The Data Explorer tabular page is designed to visualize S-parameter files. The graphical user interface is split up into two parts. The file explorer is on the left and the visualization with different tabs is on the right.
3.1
Filetypes
Table 1 shows the supported file types. S-Parameter Data files can only contain
Table 1: File types
Description Extension
S-Parameter Data Binary
S-Parameter Data Xml
(.sdatb)
(.sdatx)
S-Parameter Data Covariance Text (.sdatcv)
S-Parameter Data Touchstone (.s*p)
VNA Calibration Data Binary
VNA Data Binary
VNA Data Xml
VNA Data CITI
(.calb)
(.vdatb)
(.vdatx)
(.cti;.citi)
S-parameter data. In contrast VNA Data files can contain receiver values and ratios of receiver values.
3.2
File Explorer
The following user controls are available:
Filter sets file filter (default: *.*).
Icons sets icon size (default: Small).
Freq List Browse can be used to select a frequency list file. All selected files in the tree view will be interpolated (default: None).
Freq List On turns frequency list interpolation on or off (default: Off).
Tree View can be used to select one or multiple files. Additional files can be selected while holding the CTRL or SHIFT key.
3.2.1
Content Menu
The content menu of the File Explorer provides some tools for post processing of data sets. All post processing tools propagate the uncertainties of the inputs to the results. The following tools are available:
Show in Windows Explorer shows a file or directory in the Windows Explorer.
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Save Data As ... saves the current file in another file. Supported file formats are S-Parameter Data (*.sdatb or *.sdatx), Covariance Text (*.sdatcv),
Touchstone (*.s1p, *.s2p, *.s*p), VNA Data (*.vdatb or *.vdatx) or CITI
(*.cti or *.citi).
Change Port Assignment changes the port assignment.
Change Port Zr changes the reference impedance to a specified complex value in Ohm.
Math provides the following math tools:
Add (1st + 2nd) adds N -port 1 and N -port 2.
Subtract (1st - 2nd) subtracts N -port 2 from N -port 1.
Subtract (2nd - 1st) subtracts N -port 1 from N -port 2.
Multiply (1st x 2nd) multiplies N -port 1 with N -port 2.
Divide (1st / 2nd) divides N -port 1 by N -port 2.
Divide (2nd / 1st) divides N -port 2 by N -port 1.
Cascade provides the following cascade tools:
Cascade (1st and 2nd) cascades 2N -port 1 with N -port 2 or cascades
2-port 1 with 2-port 2.
Cascade (2nd and 1st) cascades 2N -port 2 with N -port 1 or cascades
2-port 2 with 2-port 1.
Decascade (1st from 2nd) decascades 2N -port 1 from N -port 2 or decascades 2-port 1 from 2-port 2.
Decascade (2nd from 1st) decascades 2N -port 2 from N -port 1 or decascades 2-port 2 from 2-port 1.
Merge (lower and upper) merges two data sets at a given frequency point.
Mean Data Set computes the mean of a data set.
Circle Fit Data Set computes the circle fit of a data set.
3.3
Visualization
The Data Explorer supports different view modes:
Graph shows a graphical visualization of multiple files.
Table shows a tabular visualization of a single file.
Point shows an uncertainty budget for one frequency point and one parameter of a single file.
Covariance shows a covariance matrix for a single frequency point or a single parameter of a single file.
Info shows file information including MD5 checksum of multiple files.
8
Figure 4: Data Explorer / Graph
3.3.1
Graph
The graph tab supports multiple selected files, see Figure 4. The following user
controls are available:
SetUp sets up the plots (default: Sx,x Ports: 1, 2).
Conv sets the conversion to None, S/S’, Impedance, Admittance, VSWR or
Time Domain (default: None).
Format sets the data format to Real Imag, Mag Phase, Real, Imag, Mag, Phase or Cartesian (default: Mag Phase).
Freq log sets the frequency axis to linear or logarithmic (default: Freq lin).
Mag format sets the magnitude format to Mag lin (reflection and transmission linear), Mag log (reflection and transmission logarithmic) or Mag lin log
(reflection linear and transmission logarithmic) (default: Mag lin).
Phase format sets the phase format to Phase 180, Phase 360, Phase Unwrap,
Phase Delay or Group Delay (default: Phase 180).
Unc sets the uncertainty mode to None, Standard or U95 (default: None).
Interaction Mode sets interaction mode to None, Zoom or Pan (default:
None).
Fixed Scale activates or deactivates automatically scaling of the x- and y-axis.
Cursor shows or hides one or two cursors.
Norm normalizes all traces to one selected trace or to the mean value of all traces (default: None). In the neighboring control one can select if normalization is with respect to value or value and uncertainty. Normalizing to
9
a value means subtracting certain values from the dataset. The resulting uncertianties are the same as from the input data. Normalizing to value and uncertainty means subtracting uncertain numbers from the dataset.
The resulting uncertainties are different from the previous case because the uncertainties are as well subtracted.
Save Image saves the current plots to a bitmap file. Supported file formats are BMP, JPG and PNG.
Copy Image copies the current plots to the clipboard.
Table 2 shows the different colors for each trace and its associated uncertainty
region.
Table 2: Trace Colors
Trace Value Unc
1
2
3
6
7
4
5
8
9
10
Color black brown red orange yellow green blue violet gray light gray
3.3.2
Table
The first of the selected files will be shown in the table view, see Figure 5. The
following user controls are available:
Conv sets the conversion to None, S/S’, Impedance, Admittance, VSWR or
Time Domain (default: None).
Format sets the data format to Real Imag, Mag Phase or Mag (default: Mag
Phase).
Mag format sets the magnitude format to Mag lin (reflection and transmission linear), Mag log (reflection and transmission logarithmic) or Mag lin log
(reflection linear and transmission logarithmic) (default: Mag lin).
Phase format sets the phase format to Phase 180, Phase 360, Phase Unwrap,
Phase Delay or Group Delay (default: Phase 180).
Unc sets the uncertainty mode to None, Standard or U95 (default: None).
Freq sets the frequency format to Hz, kHz, MHz or GHz (default: MHz).
Numeric Format sets the numeric format (default: f3).
10
Figure 5: Data Explorer / Table
Save Data saves the current data in a file.
Supported file formats are S-
Parameter Data (*.sdatb or *.sdatx), Covariance Text (*.sdatcv), Touchstone (*.s1p, *.s2p, *.s*p), VNA Data (*.vdatb or *.vdatx) or CITI (*.cti
or *.citi).
Save Table saves the current formatted data in a file. Supported file formats
A TEX(*.tex).
Copy Table copies the current formatted data to the clipboard.
One can select one or more rows of the table and copy the data to the clipboard with CTRL-C or with the context menu of the table. CTRL-A selects all data.
3.3.3
Point
The first of the selected files will be shown in the point view. One can select one frequency point and one parameter and obtains the uncertainty budget of
the selected data point, see Figure 6. The following user controls are available:
Freq selects a frequency point for the uncertainty budget (default: None).
Time selects a time point for the uncertainty budget (default: None). Only visible when conversation is set to Time Domain.
First selects the first frequency or time point.
Last selects the last frequency or time point.
Parameter selects a parameter for the uncertainty budget (default: None).
Conv sets the conversion to None, S/S’, Impedance, Admittance, VSWR or
Time Domain (default: None).
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Figure 6: Data Explorer / Point
Format sets the format to Real, Imag, Mag, Mag log, Phase, Phase 360, Phase
Unwrap, Phase Delay or Group Delay (default: Mag).
Id shows or hides the uncertainty input ids (default: Hide).
Flat shows a flat or tree uncertainty budget (default: Tree).
Expand All expands all tree nodes.
Collapse All collapses all tree nodes.
Sort sets the sort order to Description or Uncertainty (default: Description).
Copy copies the uncertainty budget to the clipboard.
The following items will be shown for the selected data point:
Value indicates the value.
Std Unc shows the standard uncertainty (68% coverage factor, k = 1).
U95 shows the expanded uncertainty (95% coverage factor, k = 2).
Unc Budget shows a tabular visualization of the uncertainty budget.
3.3.4
Covariance
The first of the selected files will be shown in the covariance view. There are two modes in the covariance view. Either one can select a single frequency point and obtains the covariance matrix of multiple parameters at the selected frequency point. Or one can select all frequency points and a single parameter in the desired format and obtains the covariance matrix for the selected parameter
and format over the hole frequency range, see Figure 7. The following user
controls are available:
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Figure 7: Data Explorer / Covariance
Freq selects a frequency point or all frequency points for the covariance view
(default: None).
All selects all frequency points.
First selects the first frequency point.
Last selects the last frequency point.
Parameter selects a parameter for the covariance view (default: None).
Format sets the format to Real, Imag, Mag or Phase (default: Mag).
Mode sets the mode to covariance or correlation (default: Covariance).
Numeric Format sets the numeric format (default: e3).
Color shows or hides the graphical representation of the correlation matrix
(default: show).
Save Table saves the current formatted covariance in a file. Supported file formats are Text (*.txt) or L TEX(*.tex).
Copy Table copies the current formatted covariance to the clipboard as text.
Save Image saves the current covariance to a bitmap file. Supported file formats are BMP, JPG and PNG.
Copy Image copies the current covariance to the clipboard as bitmap.
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3.3.5
Info
The info tab supports multiple selected files. One can obtain information about multiple files by holding the CTRL or SHIFT key and selecting the files. The info tab shows the file name, size, modification date and computes the MD5
checksum for each selected file. See Figure 8. The following user controls are
Figure 8: Data Explorer / Info available:
Size shows or hides the file sizes (default: Show).
Data modified shows or hides the file dates (default: Hide).
Save Table saves the current information in a file. Supported file formats are
A TEX(*.tex).
Copy Table copies the current information to the clipboard.
3.4
Math
The same equations are used in Graph, Table and Point tab for data conversion
and formatting. Table 3 shows the equations for data conversions in METAS
VNA Data Explorer. Variable x is the input quantity, y is the converted ouptut,
Z r is the reference impedance and Y r is the reference admittance. Index i is the
frequency point, j is the receiver port and k is the source port. Table 4 shows
the equations used for data formatting. Variable y is the converted input from
Table 3 and z is the formatted output.
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Table 3: Conversions
Conversion
None
Equation y = x
S/S’
Impedance
Admittance
VSWR y jk y = y = y =
= x jk
/x kj
1+x
1−x
1−x
1+x
Z
Y
1+|x| r r
1−|x|
Time Domain y = ifft (x) with 256 points
Table 4: Formats
Format
Real
Imag
Mag
Mag log
Phase
Equation z = <(y) z = =(y) z = |y| z = 20 log
10 z = arg (y)
(|y|)
Phase 360 z = arg (y)
Phase Unwrap z = unwrap (arg (y))
Phase Delay
Group Delay z z i i
= −
= − ϕ i
2πf i ϕ i with ϕ = unwrap (arg (y))
−ϕ i−1
2π(f i
−f i−1
) with ϕ = unwrap (arg (y))
3.5
Uncertainty
There are three different uncertainty modes:
None hides the uncertainty.
Standard shows the standard uncertainty. In a scalar case this means 68% coverage and k = 1. In a two dimensional case this means 39% coverage and k = 1.
U95 shows the expanded uncertainty. In a scalar case this means 95% coverage and k = 2.
In a two dimensional case this means 95% coverage and k = 2.45.
Here a scalar quantity consist of only one component, e.g. magnitude of Sparameter, whereas a two dimensional quantity consists of two components, e.g.
complex S-parameter. In graphical representations the dimension is determined by the number of components shown in one subplot.
The uncertainties are computed with linear uncertainty propagation. This leads to well known problems when computing the absolute value and phase of small quantities.
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4 Database
The Databased is designed to specify values and uncertainties of cables, calibration standards, connectors and VNA devices.
4.1
Cable
The tabular page, called Cable, is designed to specify cables in the database,
see Figure 9. The following user controls are available:
Figure 9: Database / Cable
New Cable creates a new database item of the type cable.
Load Cable loads a cable from a file (*.cable).
Save Cable saves the cable to a file (*.cable).
Identification field can contain an identification string.
Zr Real (Ohm) specifies the real part of the reference impedance in Ohm.
Zr Imag (Ohm) specifies the imaginary part of the reference impedance in
Ohm.
Comments field can contain user comments.
Electrical Specifications is a table with the following columns:
• Frequency in Hz
• Stability Mag (dB) with k = 2
• Stability Phase (deg) with k = 2
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4.2
Calibration Standard
The tabular page, called Calibration Standard, is designed to specify calibra-
tion standards in the database, see Figure 10. The following user controls are
Figure 10: Database / Calibration Standard available:
New Standard creates a new database item of the type calibration standard.
For a databased standard see section 4.2.3.
Load Standard loads a calibration standard from a file (*.calstd).
Save Standard saves the calibration standard to a file (*.calstd).
Start Frequency (Hz) specifies the start frequency.
Stop Frequency (Hz) specifies the stop frequency.
Points sets the number of data points.
Frequency List Browse loads a frequency list.
Frequency List Clear clears the frequency list.
Identification field can contain an identification string.
Zr Real (Ohm) specifies the real part of the reference impedance in Ohm.
Zr Imag (Ohm) specifies the imaginary part of the reference impedance in
Ohm.
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4.2.1
Agilent Model Standard
For a calibration standard of the type Agilent model the following controls are available:
Standard Type specifies the standard type as open, short, load or delay/thru.
Offset Z0 (Ohm) sets the offset line impedance in Ohm.
Offset Delay (ps) sets the offset line delay in ps.
Offset Loss (GOhm/s) set the offset line loss in GOhm/s.
CO (E-15 F) sets the first polynomial coefficient for an open.
C1 (E-27 F/Hz) sets the second polynomial coefficient for an open.
C2 (E-36 F/Hzˆ2) sets the third polynomial coefficient for an open.
C3 (E-45 F/Hzˆ3) sets the fourth polynomial coefficient for an open.
L0 (E-12 H) sets the first polynomial coefficient for a short.
L2 (E-24 H/Hz) sets the second polynomial coefficient for a short.
L2 (E-33 H/Hzˆ2) sets the third polynomial coefficient for a short.
L3 (E-42 H/Hzˆ3) sets the fourth polynomial coefficient for a short.
Electrical Specifications is a table with the following columns for an open or a short:
• Frequency in Hz
• Phase Deviation (deg) with k = 2
Phase deviations are as well translated to magnitude uncertainties. The used formalism yields a circular uncertainty region.
For a load or delay/thru the table has the following columns:
• Frequency in Hz
• Return Loss (dB) with k = 2
E.g. an uncertainty of the Return Loss of -40 dB is translated to an uncertainty of 0.01 of real and imaginary part of the reflection coefficient.
4.2.2
Databased Standard
Databased standards define the value and uncertainty budget of each frequency point and parameter. This format works without loss of accuracy. Thus it is ideal for transferring measurement data and uncertainties from National Metrology Institutes to customers. For a databased standard the following control is available:
Data Path specifies the file path (*.sdatb) which contains the S-parameters of the standard.
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4.2.3
New Database Standard Wizard
The wizard called New Database Standard is designed to create a new databased
standard, see Figure 11. The following user controls are available:
Figure 11: Database / New Database Standard Wizard
Data Path for Definition of Calibration Standard specifies the source file
(*.sdatb) for the definition of the calibration standard.
Database Path specifies the destination in the database
(Example: 3.5mm\Loads\MM123456 Load(f) 789).
Identification field can contain an identification string
(Example: 3.5 mm female load SN:789).
Date sets the date. This date is part of the name of the databased standard.
4.2.4
Primary Airline Standard
For a primary airline standard the following controls are available:
Material Parameters specifies the following parameters:
Relative Permittivity of Air specifies the value and the uncertainty
(k = 2) of the relative permittivity of air.
Relative Permeability of Air specifies the value and the uncertainty
(k = 2) of the relative permeability of air.
Conductivity of Metal (S/m) specifies the value and the uncertainty
(k = 2) of the conductivity of metal in S/m.
Comments field can contain user comments.
Misc specifies the following parameter:
Line Shift (m) specifies the value and the uncertainty (k = 2) of the distance in m which the center conductor protrudes in the test port.
If the center conductor protrudes in port 1 this number is positive.
In the opposite case it must be negative. If no protrusion happens, the value is zero.
Connector 1 specifies the gender and the mechanical dimensions of the connector 1. The following controls are are available:
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Gender specifies the gender (female, male or none) of the connector.
Pin Depth (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the pin depth of the standard in m.
Pin Gap (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the pin gap used for the simulation of the connector in m.
Female Outer Chamfer (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the outer chamfer for a female connector in m.
Female Inner Chamfer (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the inner chamfer for a female connector in m.
Male Outer Chamfer (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the outer chamfer for a male connector in m.
Male Inner Chamfer (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the inner chamfer for a male connector in m.
Pin Diameter (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the pin diameter in m. For a female connector this should be set to the nominal value of the connector family.
Hole Diameter (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the hole diameter in m. For a male connector this should be set to the value of the pin diameter.
OC Diameter (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the outer conductor diameter in m.
Male CC Diameter (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the diameter of the male center conductor in m.
Number of Slots specifies the number of slots. Zero means slotless.
Slotless Hole Length (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the hole length in m for a slotless female connector.
Slotless Female CC Diameter (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k =
2) of the center conductor diameter in m for a slotless female connector.
Slot Length (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the slot length in m for a slotted female connector. The slot length must be a multiple of the length of a single line section.
Slot Width (m) sets the value and uncertainty (k = 2) of the slot width in m for a slotted female connector.
Line Section specifies the length of the standard and the diameter profile of the line section. The following controls are available:
Length (m) specifies the value and the uncertainty (k = 2) of the distance between the reference planes of connector 1 and 2.
Table Diameter Profile is a table with the following columns:
• z-Position (m)
• U(z-Position) (m) with k = 2
• ICOD (m)
• U(ICOD) (m) with k = 2
20
• OCID (m)
• U(OCID) (m) with k = 2
Graph Diameter Profile shows a graphical visualization of the diameter profile.
Connector 2 specifies the gender and the mechanical dimensions of the connector 2. For the available controls see Connector 1.
For a primary airline standard the following precomputed data is needed, see
Database/CalibrationStandards/[ConnectorFamily]/Primary/[name]
[name].calstd .............................. primary airline standard data......................directory for precomputed S-parameter data
[name] c1.sdatb.......simulated connector (female-male) at port 1
[name] c2.sdatb.......simulated connector (female-male) at port 2
[name] k1.sdatb.................kapton effect on port 1 (optional)
[name] k2.sdatb.................kapton effect on port 2 (optional)
[name] pg1.sdatb.............simulated nominal pin gap at port 1
[name] pg2.sdatb.............simulated nominal pin gap at port 2
Figure 12: Precomputed data for a primary airline standard
4.2.5
Primary Offset Short Standard
For a primary offset short standard the following controls are available:
Material Parameters specifies the material parameters.
Comments field can contain user comments.
Connector specifies the gender and the mechanical dimensions of the connector.
Line Section specifies the length between the reference plane in the connector and the short plane. The diameter profile of the line section is specified as well.
For more details, see section 4.2.4. For a primary offset short the following
precomputed data is needed, see figure 13.
Database/CalibrationStandards/[ConnectorFamily]/Primary/[name]
[name].calstd..........................primary offset short standard data......................directory for precomputed S-parameter data
[name] c1.sdatb................simulated connector (female-male)
[name] pg1.sdatb ...................... simulated nominal pin gap
Figure 13: Precomputed data for a primary offset short standard
21
4.3
Connector
The Connector tabular page is designed to specify connectors in the database,
see Figure 14. The following user controls are available:
Figure 14: Database / Connector
New Connector creates a new database item of the type connector.
Load Connector loads a connector from a file (*.conn).
Save Connector saves the connector to a file (*.conn).
Identification field can contain an identification string.
Zr Real (Ohm) specifies the real part of the reference impedance in Ohm.
Zr Imag (Ohm) specifies the imaginary part of the reference impedance in
Ohm.
Comments field can contain user comments.
Electrical Specifications is a table with the following columns:
• Frequency in Hz
• Repeatability (dB) with k = 2
4.4
VNA Device
The VNA Device tabular page is designed to specify VNA devices in the data-
base, see Figure 15. The following user controls are available:
New VNA creates a new database item of the type VNA device.
Load VNA loads a VNA item from a file (*.vnadev).
22
Figure 15: Database / VNA Device / Settings
Save VNA saves the VNA item to a file (*.vnadev).
Find Resources finds VISA resources. VISA resources are the addresses of devices connected to the computer. VISA is a standard which is accepted by nearly all manufactures of VNAs.
Test Device tests VNA device if VISA connection is possible.
The following user controls are available on the sub tabular page called Settings:
Identification field can contain an identification string.
Zr Real (Ohm) specifies the real part of the reference impedance in Ohm.
Zr Imag (Ohm) specifies the imaginary part of the reference impedance in
Ohm.
Driver sets the driver for the communication with the VNA device.
Resource sets the VISA resource name of the VNA device.
Number of Test Ports specifies the number of test ports.
Comments field can contain user comments.
Spec Average Factor specifies the average factor used for the noise specification.
Spec IF Bandwidth (Hz) specifies the IF bandwidth used for the noise specification.
Spec Power (dBm) specifies the power level used for the noise floor and linearity specification.
23
Figure 16: Database / VNA Device / Noise
The next sub tabular page is called Noise, see Figure 16. It contains a table
with the following columns:
• Frequency (Hz)
• Noise Floor (dB) with k = 2
• Trace Noise Mag (db rms) with k = 1
• Trace Noise Floor (deg rms) with k = 1
The next sub tabular page contains two tables and is called Linearity, see Figure
17. The first specifies the different power levels in dB. The second table contains
the following columns:
• Frequency (Hz)
• Linearity Mag (dB) with k = 2, one column for each power level
• Linearity Phase (deg) with k = 2, one column for each power level
The next sub tabular page is called Drift, see Figure 18. It contains a table with
the following columns:
• Frequency (Hz)
• Switch Term Drift (dB) with k = 2
• Directivity Drift (db) with k = 2
• Tracking Drift Mag (dB) with k = 2
• Tracking Drift Phase (deg) with k = 2
• Match Drift (dB) with k = 2
• Isolation Drift (dB) with k = 2
24
Figure 17: Database / VNA Device / Linearity
Figure 18: Database / VNA Device / Drift
25
5 Measurement Journal
The tabular page, called Measurement Journal, is designed to collect measure-
ment data and to protocol the measurement process, see Figure 19. The follow-
Figure 19: Measurement Journal ing user controls are available:
VNA Device selects a VNA device.
Open opens the VISA connection to the VNA device.
Close closes the VISA connection to the VNA device.
New Journal creates a new measurement journal.
Load Journal loads an existing measurement journal from a file (*.vnalog).
Save Journal saves the measurement journal to a file (*.vnalog).
Auto Save enables or disables auto save of the measurement journal.
Add VNA Settings adds a journal item for VNA settings to the measurement
Add Cable Movement adds a journal item for cable movement to the mea-
Add Custom Cable Settings specifies a cable for the current journal which
is not in the database, see 5.3.
Add New Connection adds a journal item for a new connection to the mea-
Add Custom Connector Settings specifies a connector for the current jour-
nal which is not in the database, see 5.5.
26
Add Measurement adds a measurement entry to the journal, see 5.6.
Add Begin Experiment defines the start of an experiment, see 5.7.
Add End Experiment defines the end of an experiment.
Add Measurement Series adds an entry for a series of measurements to the
Add User Comment adds a user comment to the measurement journal, see
View Item shows the selected item of the journal.
Delete Item deletes the selected items of the journal.
Cable and Connector Table specifies the test port cable and connector for each port.
Cable movement adds one or multiple entries in the measurement journal for cable movements at the selected ports before the measurement.
New connection adds one or multiple entries in the measurement journal for new connections at the selected ports before the measurement.
5.1
VNA Settings
The dialog, called VNA Settings, is designed to set up the VNA, see Figure 20.
The following user controls are available:
Figure 20: Measurement Journal / VNA Settings
Time Stamp specifies the time stamp for the journal item.
VNA Device specifies the VNA device.
27
Preset presets the VNA.
Save Instrument State saves the instrument state from the VNA to a file
(*.is).
Recall Instrument State recalls the instrument state from a file (*.is) to the
VNA.
Refresh refresh all settings from the VNA.
Sweep Mode sets the sweep mode to linear frequency, log frequency, segment sweep or CW time.
Sweep Time (s) sets the sweep time in s.
Dwell Time (s) sets the dwell time in s.
IF Average Factor sets the average factor.
Start Frequency (Hz) sets the start frequency in Hz.
Stop Frequency (Hz) sets the stop frequency in Hz.
Points sets the number of sweep points.
IF Bandwidth (Hz) sets the IF bandwidth in Hz.
Center Frequency (Hz) sets the center frequency in Hz.
Frequency Span (Hz) sets the frequency span in Hz.
CW Frequency (Hz) sets the frequency for CW sweep mode in Hz.
New Table creates a new segment table.
Open Table loads a segment table from a file (*.txt).
Save Table saves the segment table to a file (*.txt).
Set Segment Table sets the segment table to the VNA.
Segment Table is a table with the following columns:
• Start Frequency in Hz
• Stop Frequency in Hz
• Step Size in Hz
• IF Bandwidth in Hz
System Z0 (Ohm) specifies the reference impedance in Ohm.
Source 1 Power (dBm) sets the power level of the first source in dBm.
Source 1 Slope (dB/GHz) sets the slope of the first source in dB/GHz.
Source 2 Power (dBm) sets the power level of the second source in dBm.
Source 2 Slope (dB/GHz) sets the slope of the second source in dB/GHz.
28
Port 1 Attenuator (dB) sets the attenuation of the first port in dB.
Port 1 Extension (s) shifts the reference plane of port 1 by a definable delay in s.
Port 2 Attenuator (dB) sets the attenuation of the second port in dB.
Port 2 Extension (s) shifts the reference plane of port 2 by a definable delay in s.
5.2
Cable Movement
The dialog, called Cable Movement, is designed to describe a cable movement
for the journal, see Figure 21. The following user controls are available:
Figure 21: Measurement Journal / Cable Movement
Time Stamp specifies the time stamp of the journal item.
Cable selects a cable from the database.
Port specifies at which port the cable was moved.
Position specifies the position of the cable. Thus each cable movement requires an increase of the position number. With each change of the position number the cable uncertainties, specified in the database, are added to the measurement data.
5.3
Custom Cable Settings
The dialog, called Custom Cable Settings, is designed to describe cables which are not in the database for the current journal. One can specify the magnitude
and phase stability of such a cable in this dialog, see Figure 22. The following
user controls are available:
Time Stamp specifies the time stamp of the journal item.
Identification field contains identification string.
Zr Real (Ohm) specifies the real part of the reference impedance in Ohm.
Zr Imag (Ohm) specifies the imaginary part of the reference impedance in
Ohm.
Comments field can contain user comments.
29
Figure 22: Measurement Journal / Custom Cable Settings
Electrical Specifications is a table with the following columns:
• Frequency in Hz
• Stability Mag (dB) with k = 2
• Stability Phase (deg) with k = 2
Import Cable imports a cable from the database.
5.4
New Connection
The dialog, called New Connection, is designed to describe a new connection in
the journal, see Figure 23. The following user controls are available:
Figure 23: Measurement Journal / New Connection
Time Stamp specifies the time stamp of the journal item.
Connector selects a connector from the database.
Port specifies at which port the new connection was made.
5.5
Custom Connector Settings
The dialog, called Custom Connector Settings, is designed to describe a connector which is not in the database for the current journal. One can specify the
repeatability of such a connector in this dialog, see Figure 24. The following
user controls are available:
30
Figure 24: Measurement Journal / Custom Connector Settings
Time Stamp specifies the time stamp of the journal item.
Identification field can contain an identification string.
Zr Real (Ohm) specifies the real part of the reference impedance in Ohm.
Zr Imag (Ohm) specifies the imaginary part of the reference impedance in
Ohm.
Comments field can contain user comments.
Electrical Specifications is a table with the following columns:
• Frequency in Hz
• Repeatability (dB) with k = 2
Import Connector imports a connector from the database.
5.6
Measurement
The Measurement dialog is designed to collect measurement data from the VNA,
see Figure 25. The following user controls are available:
Time Stamp specifies the time stamp of the journal item.
VNA Device specifies the VNA device.
Path field contains the path of the measurement data.
Import imports an existing file instead of making a new VNA measurement.
Only available if VNA connection is closed.
Mode selects a setup mode for the VNA, e.g. S1,1.
SetUp sets up the VNA to the selected mode.
Measure performs a single sweep on the VNA, wait until the sweep is complete and reads out the data.
31
Figure 25: Measurement Journal / Measurement
Trigger Single performs a single sweep on the VNA and waits until the sweep is complete.
Trigger Cont sets the trigger of the VNA to continuous mode.
Trigger Hold sets the trigger of the VNA to hold mode.
Trigger Cancel cancels the current sweep.
Format sets the format to Raw Data or Error Corrected Data (default: Raw
Data).
Get Data reads out the data from the VNA.
Save Data saves the data to an S-parameter file (*.sdatb).
5.7
Experiment
The Experiment dialog is designed to describe an experiment, see Figure 26.
Experiments are necessary for DUTs with bad repeatability. The journal items of the type experiment will cause VNA Tools II to determine the repeatability of the measurement from repeated measurements. If no journal items of the type experiment are used, the repeatability uncertainties from the database will be used. The following user controls are available:
Time Stamp specifies the time stamp of the journal item.
Type sets the type of the experiment to Statistical or Systematic (default: Systematic). Statistical assumes a mono modal distribution for the resulting uncertainties. Systematic assumes a multi modal distribution.
Comments field can contain user comments.
32
Figure 26: Measurement Journal / Experiment
5.8
Measurement Series
The dialog, called Measurement Series, is designed to collect a series of mea-
surements, see Figure 27. The following user controls are available:
Figure 27: Measurement Journal / Measurement Series
Mode sets the mode of the measurement series. The following modes are available: DUT, Sliding Load, Step Attenuator, Switch States, ECal, Drift and
ECal Drift.
VNA SetUp sets up the VNA to the selected mode.
Attenuator Steps (dB) specifies the attenuator steps in dB for a measurement series of the type step attenuator. Multiple steps are comma separated, e.g. ‘10, 20, 40, 40’.
ECal Path specifies the path of the ECal where all states will be measured.
Multiple paths are comma separated, e.g. ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘AB’. Where ‘A’ and
‘B’ are reflection paths and ‘AB’ is a transmission path.
33
Driver sets the driver for the communication with the Switch or ECal device.
Resource sets the VISA resource name of the Switch or ECal device.
Find finds VISA resources. VISA resources are the addresses of devices connected to the computer.
Open opens the VISA connection to the Switch or ECal device.
Close close the VISA connection to the Switch or ECal device.
Directory sets the parent directory that will contain the directory of the measurement series.
Name specifies a name for the measurement series. A directory will be created with this name.
Cable and Connector Table specifies the used test port cable and connector for each port.
Cable movement adds one or multiple entries for cable movements at the selected ports in the measurement journal before the measurement series.
New connection adds one or multiple entries for new connections at the selected ports in the measurement journal before the measurement series.
Delay (s) sets the delay between switching states and start of the measurements in s (default: 1 s).
Number of toggles sets the number of switching cycles that are performed on the step attenuator before the measurement series is started (default:
10).
Period (s) sets the period between measurements for drift evaluation in s (default: 900 s).
Number of measurements sets the number of measurements for drift evaluations (default: 96).
Switch states sets the list of switch states which will be measured. Each line in this text box specifies one state. ‘0’ is off, ‘1’ is on and ‘x’ is don’t change.
5.9
User Comment
The dialog, called User Comment, is designed to add user comments to the
journal, see Figure 28. The following user controls are available:
Time Stamp specifies the time stamp of the journal item.
Comments field can contain user comments.
34
Figure 28: Measurement Journal / User Comment
35
6 Calibration Config
The tabular page, called Calibration Config, is designed to configure a VNA calibration. The result will be the switch and error terms of the VNA. There are two models of the VNA:
Generic Model stores the switch terms in a N -port and the error terms are stored in a 2N -port for a N -port VNA. For a two port VNA, this calibration model is known as 7-term model. It supports the following calibration types: One Port, GSOLT, QSOLT, Unknown Thru, TRL (only 2-port) and Optimization (not in external version).
Switched Model stores the error terms in a 2N -port for each switch position for a N -port VNA. For a two port This model is used for the SOLT calibration.
The following S-parameter matrix describes the calibration error terms of a
N -port VNA.
D
1
X
2,1
X
N,1
T
,1
X
D
X
T
1,2
2
N,2
,2
. .
. .
.
.
X
X
2,N
D
T
1,N
N
,N
T
M
1,
1
T
M
2,
2
. .
. .
.
.
T
N,
M
N
D x denotes the directivity of port x.
X y,x denotes the crosstalk from port x to port y.
T x,x denotes the reflection tracking of port x.
T y,x denotes the transmission tracking from port x to port y where T y,x
T y,
T
,x
.
=
M x denotes the match of port x and all other terms are additional crosstalk terms.
On the tabular page, called Calibration Config, the following user controls are
New creates a new calibration configuration.
New from Template loads a configuration template.
Load Config loads an existing configuration from a file (*.calcfg).
Save Config saves the configuration to a file (*.calcfg).
Start Computation computes the VNA calibration and saves the VNA calibration to a file (*.calb).
Cancel Computation cancels the computation.
36
Figure 29: Calibration Config
Optimization Config edits the optimization parameters (not in external version).
Root Path sets the root path for the calibration configuration .
Measurement Journal Path sets the path (*.vnalog) for the measurement journal.
All measurements used for the calibration have to be in the measurement journal.
Zr (Ohm) specifies the complex reference impedance for each test port.
Description specifies the type of calibration standard and the ports which were measured.
Additionally one can specify the weight of the standard in an optimization calibration. The default setting is that all standards have equal weight.
The weighting can be switched to covariance weighting in the optimization parameters dialog.
Mathematical details about weighting schemes are given in VNA Tools II - Math Reference.
Some calibration standards are assumed to be the same or they are measured several times. In such cases one can couple variables which describe the standard. E.g.: In an LRL calibration with 7 mm connectors the flush short is the same for port 1 and 2.
Measurement specifies the path (*.sdatb) where the data of the measured standard is. Only the configuration (*.slcfg) is given for the sliding load.
It is possible to specify an N -port file for 1-port standards. In such a case the number in the description field defines which part of the data is used.
E.g. only S1,1 of a 2-port file is used in a line where the description field is set to Reflection 1.
37
Definition specifies the path (*.calstd) which contains the definition of the standard. Leave this cell empty for a switch term row.
6.1
Optimization Parameters
The dialog, called Optimization Calibration Config, is designed to configure
the optimization parameters, see Figure 30. The following user controls are
Figure 30: Optimization Calibration Config available:
Set Mask Error Terms sets the mask of the error terms for a non-, half- or full-leaky model of the VNA.
Start Calibration Path specifies the start values used for the optimization
(*.calb).
Reduced Frequency List Path specifies a frequency list (*.fl).
The optimizer uses the listed frequency points. If no frequency list is specified, all available frequency points are used.
Covariance Weighting uses covariance weighting for the objective function.
If not checked, all standards are equally weighted it’s supplied, the user specified weights are applied.
All Frequencies At Once optimizes all frequencies at once. This is needed when calibration standards are used with unknown parameters which are constant over frequency. Example given: Primary airlines, primary offset shorts and primary flush shorts. If not checked, each frequency will be optimized individually.
Mask Switch Terms selects the switch terms which will be optimized.
Mask Error Terms selects the error terms which will be optimized.
This mask represents a 2N × 2N S-parameter matrix for a VNA with N ports.
In the upper left part of the matrix are the directivity and isolation terms.
The match terms are in the lower right of the diagonal. The other check boxes represent tracking terms.
38
7 Error Correction
The tabular page, called Error Correction, is designed to configure the error
correction of the raw measurement data, see Figure 31. The following user
Figure 31: Error Correction controls are available:
New creates a new configuration for error correction.
Load Config loads an existing configuration from a file (*.corcfg).
Save Config saves the configuration to a file (*.corcfg).
Start Computation computes the error correction.
Cancel Computation cancels the computation.
Root Path sets the root path for the configuration of the error correction.
Measurement Journal Path sets the path (*.vnalog) for the measurement journal. All raw measurements have to be in the measurement journal.
Calibration Path sets the calibration path (*.calb).
Raw Measurement Path sets the directory which contains the raw data.
Error Corrected Measurement Path specifies the path where the errorcorrected data will be stored. All files from the Raw Measurement Path and all subdirectories will be error-corrected and stored in this directory.
Without Uncertainties disables uncertainty propagation.
39
8 Sliding Load
The tabular, page called Sliding Load, is designed to configure and compute the circle fit of a sliding load. It merges the circle fit with the measurement of
a low-band load at the specified frequency point, see Figure 32. The following
Figure 32: Sliding Load user controls are available:
New creates a new configuration for a sliding load.
Load Config loads an existing configuration from a file (*.slcfg).
Save Config saves the configuration to a file (*.slcfg).
Root Path sets the root path for the configuration.
Measurement Journal Path sets the path (*.vnalog) for the measurement journal. The files of the sliding load and the low-band load have to be in the measurement journal.
Sliding Load Path sets the directory where the raw measurements of the sliding load are.
Lowband Load Path sets the path (*.sdatb) where the file of the raw measurement of the low-band load is.
Sliding Load Start Frequency (Hz) sets the start frequency of the sliding load in Hz. Below this frequency the measurement data of the low band load is used.
40
9 Tools
This tabular page is obsolete and will be removed in the next version of METAS
VNA Tools II. The tools for post-processing of data are now located in the content menu of the file explorer of the Data Explorer.
The tabular page, called Tools, provides some tools for post processing of data,
see Figure 33. During post processing the uncertainties are propagated to the
end results.
Figure 33: Tools
9.1
Math
The following math tools are available:
Add adds N -port A and N -port B.
Subtract subtracts N -port B from N -port A.
Multiply multiplies N -port A with N -port B.
Divide divides N -port A by N -port B.
9.2
Cascade
The following cascade tools are available:
Cascade cascades 2N -port A with N -port B or cascades 2-port A with 2-port
B.
Decascade decascades 2N -port A from N -port B or decascades 2-port A from
2-port B.
41
9.3
Index
The following index tools are available:
Change changes the port assignment of an S-parameter file (*.sdatb).
Reverse reverses the port assignment of an S-parameter file (*.sdatb).
Subset takes a subset of the ports of an S-parameter file (*.sdatb).
9.4
Data Set
The following data set tools are available:
Mean computes the mean of a data set.
Circle Fit computes the circle fit of a data set.
9.5
Merge
The merge tool merges two S-parameter files (*.sdatb) at a given frequency point.
9.6
Change Zr
The change Zr tool changes the reference impedance to a specified complex value in Ohm of an S-parameter data file (*.sdatb).
9.7
Data Converter
The data converter tool converts s-parameter data from one file format to another.
9.8
Interpolation
The interpolation tool interpolates a given S-parameter file (*.sdatb) to a frequency list which is specified by a file (*.fl).
9.9
Agilent Uncertainty Calculator
The Agilent uncertainty calculator computes uncertainties for S-parameter files
(*.sdatb) using the Agilent Vector Network Analyzer Uncertainty Calculator, see http://www.agilent.com/find/na calculator. Note that this option works only with 32 bit systems.
42
10 Script
The tabular page, called Script, provides a built-in Iron Python script engine,
see Figure 34. The following user controls are available:
Figure 34: Script
New Script creates a new script.
Load Script loads an existing script from a file (*.py).
Save Script saves the script to a file (*.py).
Run Script executes the script.
Abort Script aborts the execution of the script.
Input field shows the script.
Output field shows the output of the script.
43
11 Calibration Standard Model Fit
The tabular page, called Cal Std Model Fit, computes the parameters of a calibration standard for an Agilent, Anritsu and Rohde Schwarz model, see
Figure 35. The following user controls are available:
Figure 35: Calibration Standard Model Fit
Load Data loads S-parameter file (*.sdatb).
Start Optimization starts optimization of the selected parameters.
Cancel Optimization aborts optimization.
Copy Result copies the result to the clipboard.
Start Agilent Definition describes the start values for the optimization.
Mask selects optimization parameters.
Agilent Definition shows the result for the Agilent model.
Agilent Fit Error shows the fit error for the Agilent model.
Anritsu Definition shows the result for the Anritsu model.
Anritsu Fit Error shows the fit error for the Anritsu model.
Rohde Schwarz Definition shows the result for the Rohde Schwarz model.
Rohde Schwarz Fit Error shows the fit error for the Rohde Schwarz model.
44
A File Types
Table 5 shows the supported file types. S-Parameter Data files can only contain
S-parameter data. In contrast VNA Data files can contain receiver values and ratios of receiver values.
Table 5: File types
Description Extension
S-Parameter Data Binary
S-Parameter Data Xml
S-Parameter Data Covariance Text
S-Parameter Data Touchstone
VNA Calibration Config
VNA Calibration Data Binary
VNA Calibration Data Xml
VNA Data Binary
(.sdatb)
(.sdatx)
(.sdatcv)
(.s*p)
(.calcfg)
(.calb)
(.calx)
(.vdatb)
VNA Data Xml
VNA Data CITI
(.vdatx)
(.cti;.citi)
VNA Database Cable (.cable)
VNA Database Calibration Standard (.calstd)
VNA Database Connector
VNA Database VNA Device
VNA Error Correction Config
VNA Measurement Journal
VNA Sliding Load Config
Frequency List
(.conn)
(.vnadev)
(.corcfg)
(.vnalog)
(.slcfg)
(.fl)
45
B Naming Convention
The here described naming convention is meant as a help for the user. It is not
Table 6: DUT types
Description
Open
Short (n)
Flush Short
Load
Sliding Load
Mismatch
Power Sensor
Name
’Open’
’Short[n]’
’FShort’
’Load’
’SLoad’
’MMatch’
’PSensor’
Thru
Line l mm
Adapter
Matching Pad
’Thru’
’Line[l]mm’
’Ada’
’MPad’
Match Thru
Mismatch Thru
’MThru’
’MmThru’
Attenuator a dB ’Att[a]dB’
Step Attenuator a dB, ’StepAtt[a]dB [s] [x]dB’ selected state: s, x dB
Splitter
Coupler
’Splitter’
’Coupler’
different connector types. Table 8 shows the naming convention for the gender
Table 7: Connector types
Description
1.0 mm Connector
1.85 mm Connector
2.4 mm Connector
Name
’1.0mm’
’1.85mm’
’2.4mm’
2.92 mm Connector
3.5 mm Connector
’2.92mm’
’3.5mm’
7 mm Connector ’7mm’
Type N 50 Ω Connector ’N50’
Type N 75 Ω Connector ’N75’
of connectors. Figure 36 shows a typical project example.
46
Table 8: Gender of connectors
Description Name
1-Port DUT female
1-Port DUT male
2-Port DUT female male
’(f)’
’(m)’
’(f-m)’
2-Port DUT male female ’(m-f)’
N-Port DUT female male male . . .
’(f-m-m-. . .)’
N-Port DUT genderless ”
47
Example 2.4mm(f-m) 01 ................................ project directory
Measurements 01 ........................................... raw data
CalStandards
SLoad(f) 1567 01
SLoad(f) 1567 01 N1.sdatb
SLoad(f) 1567 01 N2.sdatb
...
SLoad(m) 1763 01
SLoad(m) 1763 01 N1.sdatb
SLoad(m) 1763 01 N2.sdatb
...
Load(f) 451 Load(m) 3218 01.sdatb
Open(f) 975 Open(m) 999 01.sdatb
Short(f) 747 Short(m) 2887 01.sdatb
SwitchTerms 01.sdatb
Thru 01.sdatb
DUTs
Ada 2.4mm(f) 1.85mm(m) 123 01.sdatb
Att20dB(f-m) 808 01.sdatb
...
SOLT 01 out ...................................... error correted data
CalStandards
DUTs
Ada 2.4mm(f) 1.85mm(m) 123 01.sdatb
Att20dB(f-m) 808 01.sdatb
...
UThru 01 out ..................................... error correted data
CalStandards
DUTs
Ada 2.4mm(f) 1.85mm(m) 123 01.sdatb
Att20dB(f-m) 808 01.sdatb
...
Journal 01.vnalog ............................. measurement journal
SlidingLoad 01.slcfg.............................sliding load config
SlidingLoad 02.slcfg.............................sliding load config
SOLT 01.calb........................................calibration data
SOLT 01.calcfg .................................... calibration config
SOLT 01.corcfg................................error correction config
UThru 01.calb.......................................calibration data
UThru 01.calcfg ................................... calibration config
UThru 01.corcfg .............................. error correction config
Figure 36: Tree view of a VNA Tools II project example
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C Drivers
The following VNA’s are supported by METAS VNA Tools II:
• Agilent ENA Series (Firmware: E5061B A.02.06, E5071C A.09.60)
• Agilent PNA Series (Firmware: A.09.40)
1
• Anritsu VectorStar (Firmware: MS46040A 1.7.5, MS46040B 2.1.0)
1
• Hewlett Packard 8510C (Firmware: 07.14 Aug 26 1998)
• Hewlett Packard 8751A (Firmware: 5.00 Mar 7 1993)
• Hewlett Packard 8753D (Firmware: 06.14 Oct 27 1997)
• Rohde & Schwarz ZNB, ZNC (Firmware: 1.94)
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• Rohde & Schwarz ZVA, ZVB, ZVT (Firmware: 3.20)
1
• Rohde & Schwarz ZVC, ZVM, ZVR (Firmware: 3.55)
The following switch drivers are supported by METAS VNA Tools II:
• Agilent 11713A
• Agilent 11713C
The following electronic calibration units are supported:
• Agilent ECal connected to an Agilent PNA Series VNA.
Driver Development
For VNA’s, switch drivers and electronic calibration units that are not supported yet, the user has the possibility to develop custom drivers that can be used with
METAS VNA Tools II. This section describes the development of such drivers.
The minimum software requirements for driver development in Microsoft Visual
Studio for METAS VNA Tools II are:
• METAS VNA Tools II www.metas.ch/vnatools
• National Instruments VISA 5.2
www.ni.com/visa
• Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition www.microsoft.com/express www.microsoft.com/visualstudio/en-us/products/2008-editions/express
The step by step procedure for the development of a custom driver for a VNA is as follows:
1. Check if the environment variable called %Public% is defined. This is the case under Microsoft Windows Vista and 7 but not under XP. Under Microsoft Windows XP you have to set the %Public% variable to
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users.
1 two-port and multiport
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2. Make sure the driver template Metas.Instr.Driver.Template.zip is in the template folder of Visual Studio under %Userprofile%\Documents\
Visual Studio 2008\Templates\ProjectTemplates. Otherwise copy it from %Public%\Documents\Metas.Instr\Drivers.
3. Launch Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition.
4. Create new project from template in Visual Studio under File / New
Project / My Templates / Metas.Instr.Driver.Template and name the project e.g. ‘MyFirstVNA’.
5. Add a new class to the project under Project / Add Class and name it e.g. ‘MyFirstVNA’.
6. This step describes the programming of the driver. Declare the class as public and implement the ‘Metas.Instr.Driver.Vna.IVna’ interface. See
Figure 37 and MSDN website for how to implement an interface.
7. Compile project under Build / Build Solution. Make sure that the postbuild event is successful and that the MyFirstDriver.dll is copied to
%Public%\Documents\Metas.Instr\Drivers.
8. Test your driver directly in METAS VNA Tools II or debug it in Microsoft
Visual Studio under Debug / Start Debugging.
For more help take a look at the already implemented drivers for METAS VNA
Tools II under %Public%\Documents\Metas.Instr\Drivers\Source.
Figure 37: MyFirstVNA - Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition: Clicking with the right mouse button on IVna opens a content menu. Clicking on the menu item Implement Interface will create the basic class structure with all necessary properties and methods for the new driver.
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D Further Reading
Documentations
• VNA Tools II - User Manual
• VNA Tools II - Math Reference
• Data Explorer - User Manual
Presentations
• VNA Tools II - Overview
• VNA Tools II - S-Parameter Uncertainty Calculation
• VNA Tools II - Data Format
• VNA Tools II - Optimization Calibration
• VNA Tools II - Step Attenuator Measurement
• VNA Tools II - Splitter Measurement
Tutorials and Screencasts
• VNA Tools II - Tutorial: Perform a SOLT Calibration with the Test VNA.
Websites
• www.metas.ch/vnatools
• www.metas.ch/unclib
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