Meade Telescope 16 User manual

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E The name ‘Meade’ and the Meade logo are trademarks
registered with the U.S. Patent Office and in principal
countries throughout the world.
Captions for Fig. 1
Viewfinder
Spider vane/diagonal
Focuser
Main optical tube
Polar axis
Declination housing
Declination lock knob
Declination setting circle
Counterweights
. Declination shaft
. Counterweight safety washer
. North leg
. Pier
. Latitude locking bolt
. Pier cap
. Tripod legs
. Right ascension setting circle
. Drive motor housing/control panel
. Primary mirror cell
. Polar housing
. Strap mounting blocks
. Saddle plate
. Mounting straps
. Focuser drawtube
© 1998 Meade Instruments Corporation
Introduction
Contents
16" Starfinder Equatorial Telescope
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Parts Listing and Assembly
Tripod
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Attaching the Equatoriai Head
Adjusting the Latitude
Mounting the Counterweights
Attaching the Focuser Assembly
Attaching the Viewfinder
Mounting the Primary Mirror Celi
Mounting the Secondary Mirror
Attaching the Mounting Straps
Mounting the Optical Tube
Balancing the Telescope
Control Panel
R.A. Encoder Port
On/Off Switch
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Installing the Batteries ..................
12vDC Outlet. . ....... e
Collimation of the Optical System
Correct Collimation
Spider Vane Adjustments
Secondary Mirror Adjustments
Primary Mirror Adjustments
The Viewfinder
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Focusing the Viewfinder
Aligning the Viewfinder
Using the Viewfinder
Magnification
Astronomical Observing
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Celestial Coordinates: Declination & Right Ascension. .. 8
Polar Alignment............ 2...
Calibrating the Declination Circle ..........
How to Locate Objects in the Night Sky
Motor Drive
Southern Hemisphere Operations .........
Setting Circles
Observing Tips
Astrophotography
Optional Accessories
Telescope Maintenance and Servicing
Care of Optics and Main Tube
Cleaning the Optics ....................
Cleaning the Optical Tube ...............
Star Testing the Collimation
Telescope Tracking
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Power Supply ...........—.—.—.—.—.........
SlowBlowFuse.......................
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Clutch Pressure Plate ..................
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Meade Customer Service
Specifications
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16" STARFINDER REFLECTING TELESCOPE:
INTRODUCTION
The 16" Starfinder Equatorial telescope will open up the skies
for a breathtaking array of visual observations. Galaxies,
nebulae, star clusters — in all their variations of form, color, and
extent — as well as the Moon, planets, comets and other
objects within the solar system, may be studied in great detail.
For those interested in photography, excellent results can be
obtained using the optional Meade camera adapter and a 35mm
camera body.
This manual is designed for the 16" Starfinder Equatorial
Reflecting Telescope. We urge the Starfinder user to read this
manual thoroughly, to become familiar with all of the Starfinder
options, so that the telescope may be used to its full potential.
PARTS LISTING AND ASSEMBLY
When first opening the packing boxes, note carefully the
following parts included with the Starfinder 16" Telescope:
E Carton 41:
— Optical tube
— Mounting straps
— Secondary mirror assembly
SM Carton #2:
— Primary mirror mounted in its cell.
— Installation hardware
CAUTION: The primary mirror must be handled with special
care. Never touch its reflective surface or place the mirror where
it could be damaged. Save all original packing materials; if it is
ever necessary to ship the telescope, these materials will help
to assure that no shipping damage will occur.
EM Carton #3:
— Equatorial head with motor attached
— Strap mounting blocks
— Focuser
— 8 x 50mm viewfinder
— Pier
— Three tripod legs
— 25mm eyepiece
— All necessary hardware.
E Carton #4:
— 25 Ib counterweight
E Carton #5:
— 40 Ib counterweight
To assemble the telescope, follow these steps:
1. Tripod: Attach the tripod legs (16), Fig. 1, to the pier (13),
Fig. 1, using the wing nuts provided.
2. Attaching the Equatorial Head: Remove the equatorial
head from carton #3 and insert the lower portion of the pier
cap (15), Fig. 1, into the top of the pier (13), Fig. 1. Use the
three screws supplied in the pier cap to attach the pier to the
pier cap of the equatorial head. Thread the declination lock
knob (7), Fig. 1, into the machined housing located near the
lower end of the declination housing (6), Fig. 1.
3. Adjusting the Latitude: Adjust the polar axis to your
approximate latitude by loosening the latitude locking bolt
(14), Fig.1. It will also be necessary to loosen the four hex
set screws located on the pier cap near the latitude locking
bolts. Rotate the mount about the lock bolt until the polar
axis (5), Fig. 1, points to Polaris. See page 9. Re-tighten
the latitude locking boit and the four hex set screws.
4. Mounting the Counterweights: With a screwdriver, loosen
the panhead screw at the end of the declination shaft (10),
Fig. 1, and remove the counterweight safety washer (11),
Fig. 1. Slide the two counterweights (9), Fig 1, onto the
declination shaft (10), Fig 1, and lock them in place about
one quarter of the way up the shaft. 1t does not matter which
counterweight goes on first if the two counterweights are
placed next to each other on the shaft. If the two
counterweights are separated along the shaft, the heavier
counterweight should be placed on the shaft after the lighter
counterweight.
CAUTION: Be sure to secure the counterweight safety washer
(11), Fig 1, onto the end of the declination shaft by placing the
washer at the end of the shaft and replacing the panhead screw.
The counterweights should never be removed with the optical
tube in place!
5. Attaching the Focuser Assembly: To install the focuser
assembly, first lay the optical tube flat on a floor. Align the
holes in the focuser assembly (3), Fig. 1, with the pre-drilled
holes in the optical tube. From the provided hardware, place
the slotted pan head bolts through the holes. Carefully
reach into the optical tube and attach a hex jam nut and
washer to each bolt. Tighten the bolts, but do not
overtighten. Overtightening may result in damage to the
tube's finish.
6. Attaching the Viewfinder: With the optical tube lying fiat
on the floor, align the holes in the viewfinder bracket (1), Fig.
1, with the pre-drilled holes in the optical tube. From the
supplied hardware, place a button socket screw through
each of the holes. Carefully reach into the optical tube and
attach a washer and hex jam nut onto each screw. Tighten
the screws. As with the focuser, tightening to a firm feel is
sufficient. Aligning the viewfinder will be discussed later in
this manual.
7. Mounting the Primary Mirror Cell: Carefully remove the
primary mirror cell (19), Fig. 1, from carton #2. With the tube
lying fiat on the floor, line up the colored mark on the mirror
cell with the colored mark inside the optical tube. Slide the
complete mirror cell into the rear of the telescope and
secure the cell to the tube with the supplied hardware.
8. Mounting the Secondary Mirror: From carton #1, carefully
remove the secondary mirror assembly from its separate
box. With the optical tube assembly lying flat on the floor,
grasp the secondary mirror assembly by the threaded rod
and, reaching between the spider vanes of the optical tube,
thread the threaded rod through the central hole in the
spider vane. Use the provided washer and locking nut to
secure the secondary mirror assembly in place. The slanted
secondary mirror should be positioned so that it can be seen
when looking through the focuser drawtube (24), Fig. 1.
Collimating (aligning) the secondary mirror with the primary
mirror is discussed later in this manual.
9. Attaching the Mounting Straps: Attach the strap mounting
blocks (21), Fig, 1, to the saddle plate (22), Fig. 1, using the
wing nuts supplied on the strap mounting blocks. From
carton #1, remove the mounting straps (23), Fig. 1. Attach
each strap to a strap mounting block, the felt side facing
inside, with the two screws from the mounting block.
10. Mounting the Optical Tube: With the saddle plate (22),
Fig. 1, rotated to a horizontal position, CAREFULLY set the
optical tube assembly on the strap mounting blocks (21),
Fig. 1, and wrap the mounting straps (23), Fig. 1, around the
tube. Slide the stud of the mounting straps into the hole on
the mounting blocks and lock into place with the wing nut
provided. Tighten the wing nuts until the tube is secured
firmly and does not slide.
CAUTION: Since the telescope has yet to be balanced, the
tube may begin to move around either the declination axis or
polar axis, or both. Firmly tighten the declination lock knob (7),
Fig. 1; this should prevent rotation of the telescope about the
declination axis.
BALANCING THE TELESCOPE
The telescope must be balanced around both axes in order for
the mount to track accurately, keeping an object within the
telescope's field of view. Most tracking errors are the result of
improper balancing. With an improperly balanced telescope
objects may become difficult to find or, once found, may be
easily lost. To balance the telescope:
1. Loosen the declination lock knob (7), Fig 1.
2. Rotate the telescope about both axes so that the declination
shaft (10), Fig 1, and the optical tube (4), Fig 1, are both
horizontal in relationship to the ground.
3. Loosen the counterweight lock knobs and slide the
counterweights along the declination shaft, as necessary,
until the telescope is balanced about the polar axis (5),
Fig. 1. Lock the counterweights in place and make certain
that the counterweight safety washer (11), Fig 1, is firmly in
place.
4. Loosen the mounting straps (23), Fig 1, just enough to allow
the optical tube to slide within the straps.
5. Slide the tube back and forth within the straps until the
telescope is in balance about the declination axis. Tighten
the mounting straps (23), Fig 1.
6. Re-tighten the declination lock knob. With the telescope
properly balanced, it should be possible to place the optical
tube in any position without drifting. Rebalancing may be
necessary with the addition of any optional accessories.
7. Small scribe marks may be placed on the Declination shaft
and optical tube to indicate the correct balancing positions.
Such scribing will be an advantage if the telescope is to be
frequently disassembled or transported.
CONTROL PANEL
R.A. Encoder Plug
The R.A. encoder plug (4), Fig. 2, is used if the Magellan |
Computer System is purchased for the Meade 16" Starfinder.
Details of how this additional encoder plug is used can be found
MEADE
DC DRIVE SYSTEM
O ©
Fig. 2: Control Panel. (1) 12vDC Outlet; (2) LED Indicator Light;
(3) On/Off Switch; (4) R.A. Encoder Plug.
in the Magellan | instruction manual. The Magellan il system
requires a hardware upgrade and different control panel that will
be sent with the Magellan H Hand Controller (see OPTIONAL
ACCESSORIES, page 12.
On/Off Switch
The On/Off switch (3), Fig. 2, activates the DC motor drive
system (described on page 9). When the switch is "on", a red
LED will illuminate. When the red LED on the panel shines
steadily, the system is working properly and the battery is
sufficiently charged. When the LED begins to blink, this
indicates the internal battery pack is losing its charge and will
soon need to be replaced.
The DC drive system on the Starfinder telescope can be
operated from either an internal battery pack, requiring six (user
supplied) AA size batteries, or an external 12 volt source (such
as a car battery).
Installing the Batteries: Open the battery compartment located
on the side of the control panel beneath the R.A. setting circle
(17), Fig. 1, and remove the battery carrier. The battery carrier
holds six AA-size batteries and is connected to the telescope
with a snap cable. Insert the batteries as indicated on the
diagram on the battery slots. Slide the battery pack back into
the battery compartment and close the lid.
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Focuser Drawtube; (6) Focused image.
Fig. 3: Newtonian Reflecting Telescope. (1) Spider Vanes; (2) Secondary Mirror; (3) Parabolic Pnmary Mirror; (4) Primary Mirror Tilt Screws; (5)
12vDC Outlet
The 12vDC Outlet accepts a #607 Power Cord (See OPTIONAL
ACCESSORIES, page 12) for powering the 16" Starfinder
Equatorial Telescope from a 12vDC automobile cigarette lighter
plug. While the recommended supply voltage is 12vDC, the
telescope will operate in a range of 6-18vDC.
COLLIMATION OF THE OPTICAL SYSTEM
After the secondary mirror assembly has been installed, it will be
necessary to collimate, or align the secondary mirror with the
primary mirror.
1. Correct Collimation
A properly collimated (aligned) mirror system in the Starfinder
Reflecting telescope assures the sharpest images possible.
The Starfinder is properly aligned when the primary mirror (3),
Fig. 3, and secondary mirror (2), Fig. 3, are tilted so that the
focused image (6), Fig. 3, falls directly through the center of the
focuser drawtube (5), Fig. 3.
To inspect the view of the mirror collimation, remove the
eyepiece and look down the focuser drawtube. The round edge
of the focuser drawtube (1), Fig. 5, will frame the reflections of
the primary mirror with the secondary mirror (2), Fig. 5, the
spider vanes (3), Fig. 5, and your eye (4), Fig. 5. Properly
aligned, all of these reflections will appear concentric (i.e.
centered) as illustrated in Fig. 5. Any deviation from the
concentric reflections will require adjustments to the secondary
mirror assembly (Fig. 4), and/or the primary mirror cell.
Face-on view Edge-on view “fe
Fig. 4: Secondary Mirror Assembly. (1) Spider Vanes; (2) Tit
Screws; (3) Secondary Mirror Holder.
2. Spider Vane Adjustments
Looking down the open end of the telescope tube, check to see
if the secondary mirror system is centered in the optical tube. If
the assembly is off-center, loosen one of the spider vane
adjustment/iock knobs while unscrewing the opposite knob.
Only make adjustments to 2 knobs at a time until the secondary
mirror is centered in the drawtube. When the spider vane is
correctly positioned, the view through the drawtube will look like
Fig. 7. (Note that the secondary mirror is misaligned.)
3. Secondary Mirror Adjustments
If the secondary mirror (1), Fig. 7, is centered in the drawtube
(2), Fig. 7, but the primary mirror is only partially visible in the
reflection (3), Fig. 7, the 3 hex screws located on the secondary
mirror assembly (2), Fig. 4, must be unthreaded slightly to refine
the tilt-angle of the secondary mirror until the entire primary
mirror can be seen centered within the secondary mirror
reflection. When the secondary mirror is correctly aligned, it will
look like Fig. 8. (Note that the primary mirror is misaligned.)
Fig. 5: Correct Collimation. (1) Round Edge of Focuser Drawtube;
(2) Secondary Mirror; (3) Spider vanes; (4) Eye.
Fig. 6: Spider Vane Misalignment. (1) Secondary Mirror;
(2) Round Edge of Focuser Drawtube.
Fig. 7: Secondary Mirror Misalignment. (1) Secondary Mirror;
(2) Round Edge of Focuser Drawtube; (3) Reflection of Primary Mirror.
Fig. 8: Primary Mirror Misalignment. (1) Secondary Mirror, (2)
Round Edge of Focuser Drawtube; (3) Eye.
4. Primary Mirror Adjustments
If the secondary mirror and the reflection of the primary mirror
(1). Fig. 8, appear centered within the drawtube (2), Fig. 8, but
the reflection of your eye (3), Fig. 8, appears off-center, one or
more of the three primary mirror hex screws of the primary
mirror cell will need to be adjusted. These primary hex screws
are located behind the primary mirror, at the lower end of the
main tube. Adjust the primary mirror alignment by slightly
turning one hex screw at a time, looking through the focuser
after each adjustment to determine if the mirror is moving in the
correct direction.
THE VIEWFINDER
The Starfinder telescope, as with almost all astronomical
telescopes, presents a fairly narrow field of view to the observer.
As a result, it is sometimes difficult to locate and center objects
in the telescope’s field of view.
The viewfinder, by contrast, is a low-powered, wide-field sighting
scope with crosshairs that enables the easy centering of objects
in the main telescope's field of view. Standard equipment with
the Starfinder telescope is a viewfinder of 8-power and 50mm
aperture, called an “8 x 50mm viewfinder.”
See HRT ENE NOT ee
Fig. 8: 8 x 50mm Viewfinder. (1) Rear-most Alignment Screws;
(2) Front-most Alignment Screws; (3) Viewfinder Focus Lock Ring;
(4) Mounting Bracket.
Focusing the Viewfinder
The viewfinder has been factory prefocused to objects located
at infinity. Individual eye variations, however, may require that
the viewfinder be refocused to your eye. Looking through the
viewfinder, point the telescope at a distant object; if the
viewfinder image is not sufficiently in focus for your eye, it may
be refocused as follows:
1. Remove the viewfinder from its mounting bracket (4), Fig. 9,
by slightly unthreading the six alignment screws until the
viewfinder can slip out easily.
2. Loosen the viewfinder focus lock ring (3), Fig. 9, at the
objective-lens-end of the viewfinder, enabling rotation of the
objective lens cell clockwise or counterclockwise for precise
focusing while looking at a distant object through the
viewfinder.
3. After a precise focus has been achieved, tighten the
viewfinder focus lock ring against the objective lens cell to
lock the focus in place.
4. Replace the viewfinder into its bracket on the main
telescope.
Note. No focusing is possible from the eyepiece end of the
viewlnder.
Aligning the Viewfinder
In order for the viewfinder to be useful, it must first be aligned
with the main telescope, so that both the viewfinder and the
main telescope are pointing at precisely the same place. To
align the viewfinder, follow this procedure:
1. The viewfinder bracket (4), Fig. 9, includes six alignment
screws. Turn the three rear-most alignment screws (1), Fig.
9, so that the viewfinder tube is roughly centered within the
viewfinder bracket, as viewed from the eyepiece-end of the
telescope.
2. Using the standard equipment 25mm eyepiece, point the
main telescope at some easy-to-find, well-defined land
object, such as the top of a telephone pole. Center the
object precisely in the main telescope's field.
3. While looking through the viewfinder, gently turn one or
more of the three front-most viewfinder alignment screws
(2), Fig. 9, until the crosshairs of the viewfinder point at
precisely the same position as the main telescope. During
this procedure, occasionally look through the main
telescope to make sure the object is still centered.
When the object is centered in the viewfinder, confirm that the
viewfinders crosshairs and the main telescope are now pointing
at precisely the same object. The viewfinder is now aligned to
the main telescope. Unless the alignment screws are disturbed,
the viewfinder will remain aligned indefinitely.
Using the Viewfinder
Now, to locate any object, terrestrial or astronomical, first center
the object on the crosshairs of the viewfinder; the object will then
be centered in the field of the main telescope.
Note: If higher observing magnifications are to be utilized, first
locate, center, and focus the object using a low-power eyepiece
(e.g., the 25mm eyepiece). Objects are easier to locate and
center at low powers; higher power eyepieces may then be
employed by changing eyepieces.
MAGNIFICATION
The magnification, or power, at which a telescope is operating
is determined by two factors: the focal length of the eyepiece
employed and the focal length of the telescope. The Meade
Starfinder telescope is supplied with one eyepiece as standard
equipment. The focal length of the eyepiece, 25mm, is printed
on its side.
Telescope focal length is, roughly speaking, the distance that
light travels inside the telescope before reaching a focus.
The focal length of the Starfinder 16" {/4.5 = 1830mm.
On a given telescope, such as the Starfinder, different eyepiece
focal lengths are used to achieve different magnifications, from
low to high. Optional eyepieces and the #140 2x Barlow Lens
are available for powers from 36x to over 500x (see Optional
Accessories, page 11).
To calculate the magnification obtained with a given eyepiece,
use this formula:
Telescope Focal Length
Power =
Eyepiece Focal Length
Example: Using the 25mm eyepiece supplied with the 16" {/4.5,
the power is:
1830mm
Power = ———— = 73x
25mm
The most common mistake of the beginning observer is to
“overpower” the telescope and use high magnification which the
telescope’s aperture and typical atmospheric conditions cannot
reasonably support. Keep in mind that a smaller, but bright and
well-resolved, image is far superior to a larger, but dim and
poorly resolved, one. Powers above about 300x should be
employed with the Starfinder telescope only under the steadiest
atmospheric conditions.
Most observers will want to have 3 or 4 eyepieces and perhaps
the #140 2x Barlow Lens to achieve the full range of reasonable
magnifications. See OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES, page 11, for
further details.
ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVING
The Starfinder telescope is an excellent observing tool for the
serious amateur astronomer. The range of observabie
astronomical objects is, with minor qualification, limited only by
the observer's motivation.
This section provides a basic introduction to the terminology
associated with astronomy, and includes instructions for finding,
following and photographing celestial objects.
Celestial Coordinates:
Declination and Right Ascension
Celestial objects are mapped according to a coordinate system
on the Celestial Sphere, the imaginary sphere on which all stars
appear to be placed. This celestial object mapping system is
analogous to the Earth-based coordinate system of latitude and
longitude.
The poles of the celestial coordinate system are defined as
those two points where the Earth's rotational axis, if extended to
infinity, north and south, intersect the celestial sphere (Fig. 10).
Thus. the North Celestial Pole is that point in the sky where an
extension of the Earth's axis through the North Pole intersects
the celestial sphere. This point in the sky is located near the
North Star, Polaris.
In mapping the surface of the Earth, lines of longitude are drawn
between the North and South Poles. Similarly, lines of latitude
are drawn in an east-west direction, parallel to the Earth's
Equator. The Celestial Equator is a projection of the Earth's
Equator onto the celestial sphere.
North Celestial Pole
{Vicinity of Polans)
Celestial Equator
So.th Caelestral Pole
Fig. 10: The Celestial Sphere.
Just as on the surface of the Earth, in mapping the celestial
sphere imaginary lines have been drawn to form a coordinate
grid. Thus, celestial object positions on the Earth's surface are
specified by their latitude and longitude. For example, Los
Angeles, California, can be located by its latitude (34°) and
longitude (118°); similarly, the constellation Ursa Major can be
located by its position on the celestial sphere:
R.A.: 11hr; Dec: +50° .
The celestial analog to Earth latitude is called Declination, or
"Dec', and is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds (e.g.,
15% 27' 33"). Declination shown as north of the celestial equator
is indicated with a "+" sign in front of the measurement (e.g., the
Declination of the North Celestial Pole is +90°), with Declination
shown as south of the celestial equator indicated with a "=" sign
(e.g., the Declination of the South Celestial Pole is -90°). See
Fig. 10. Any point on the celestial equator itself (which, for
example, passes through the constellations Orion, Virgo and
Aquarius) is specified as having a Declination of zero, shown as
0% 00".
The celestial analog to Earth longitude is called "Right
Ascension", or "R.A.", and is measured in time on the 24 hour
"clock" and shown in hours ("hr"), minutes ("min") and seconds
("sec") from an arbitrarily defined "zero" line of Right Ascension
passing through the constellation Pegasus. Right Ascension
coordinates range from Ohr Omin Osec to 23hr 59min 59sec.
Thus there are 24 primary lines of R.A., located at 15 degree
intervals along the celestial equator. Objects located further and
further east of the prime Right Ascension grid line (Ohr Omin
Osec) carry increasing R.A. coordinates.
All celestial objects are specified in position by their celestial
coordinates of Right Ascension and Declination. The
telescope's Dec and R.A. setting circles (8) and (17), Fig. 1,
may be dialed to the coordinates of a specific celestial object,
which may then be located without a visual search. However,
before making use of the telescope's setting circles to locate
celestial objects, your telescope must first be polar aligned.
Polar Alignment
By polar aligning the telescope, two important telescope
capabilities are enabled: (a) the motor drive permits the
telescope to track any astronomical object, automatically; (b) the
telescope's Dec and R.A. setting circles, discussed above, may
be used to locate faint celestial objects directly from their
catalogued coordinates.
Celestial objects are essentially fixed on the celestial sphere;
however, they appear to move across the sky in an arc as the
Earth rotates on its axis, with a complete rotation of the Earth
occurring once in every 24 hour period. This apparent motion is
not obvious to the unaided eye, but viewed through a telescope
such as the Starfinder, this motion is rapid indeed. Objects
centered in the telescope move entirely out of the field of view
in 15 to 60 seconds, depending upon the magnification
employed.
During the 24 hour period of the Earth's rotation, stars make one
complete revolution about the Celestial Pole, making concentric
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Fig. 11: Aligning the Telescope With the Celestial Pole. (1) Polar
Axis; (2) Polar Casting; (3) North-Pointing Leg.
circles with the Celestial Pole at the center. By lining up the
telescope's polar axis with the North Celestial Pole (or South
Celestial Pole if observing from the Earth's Southern
Hemisphere), celestial objects may be followed (tracked) by
moving the telescope about one axis, the polar axis.
Polar alignment consists of the following two operations:
1. Aligning the telescope with the celestial pole:
a. identify the tripod leg designated as the "North Leg"
(3), Fig. 11, (the leg that is parallel to the Polar Housing
(2), Fig. 11, when viewed from above).
b. Set the mount on level ground with this "North Leg”
pointing North.
2. Tilt the telescope tube towards Polaris, so that the polar
axis (1), Fig. 11, in now roughly aligned with the North
Celestial Pole.
Note: Polaris, the North Star, lies close to, but not exactly on the
North Celestial Pole. Aligning the telescope with Polaris will be
adequate for visual observing and photography of the Moon and
planets. Polaris can be found in relation to the Big Dipper by
projecting a line from the so-called “pointer stars" of the Big
Dipper, as shown in Fig. 12.
a Penn, ‚
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; Little Dipper *.
; * Polaris
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9 "РР Cassiopeia
Fig. 12: Locating Polaris.
With these two steps accomplished, the telescope is sufficiently
well polar aligned for all visual observing purposes, as well as
for photography of the Moon and planets.
Calibrating the Declination Circle: ‘When the telescope is polar
aligned for the first time, take a moment to check the calibration
of the Declination setting circle (8), Fig. 1, using the following
steps:
1. Center Polaris in the telescope'’s field of view.
2. Use the hex wrench provided to loosen the Declination
setting circle (2), Fig. 13. With your finger, turn the setting
circle until the dial reads 89.2° — the Declination of Polaris;
then re-tighten the hex screw without moving the circle. The
Declination setting circles are now calibrated.
i Setting Circle.
|
How to Locate Objects in the Night Sky
Now that your telescope is fully assembled and polar aligned,
you are ready to begin observations.
Note that although the above assembly and polar alignment
procedures may seem quite tedious — particularly if the
Starfinder is your first serious telescope — in fact, assembly and
polar alignment will quickly become routine. Once set, the
latitude angle of the pier need never be changed, unless moving
your observing site a considerable distance in latitude, perhaps
150 miles or more.
For the beginning amateur astronomer, the simplest method of
locating objects in the night sky — and an excellent way to learn
how to operate your telescope — is to look at a celestial object
that can be clearly seen with your own eyes.
Find the desired object in the viewfinder, center the object in the
viewfinder's crosshairs, then observe through the main
telescope’'s eyepiece and adjust the focus knob until the image
is clear and sharp. With the motor drive turned on, observe how
the telescope tracks, or follows, the object as it arcs across the
sky. Turn the motor drive off for a few seconds, and note how
rapidly the objects move through the field of view.
The position of celestial objects changes over the course of the
year, so obtaining a star chart — such as the Meade Star
Charts, available from your Meade dealer — or referring to the
monthly star charts presented in astronomy magazines, such as
Sky & Telescope and Astronomy will be helpful.
With these aids and with a little experience at the controls of the
Starfinder, you will soon be exploring the surface of the Moon,
the planets of our Solar System and the incredible assortment
of star clusters, galaxies, and nebulae that lie beyond.
The Motor Drive
The DC drive system on your Starfinder telescope can be
operated from either an internal battery pack or an external 12
volt source (such as a car battery). Directions for installing the
batteries are on page 5. To use the motor drive, follow this
procedure:
1. With the telescope polar aligned as described above, turn
the motor drive on with the On switch located on the Control
Panel. See Fig. 2.
2. After switching the motor drive on, allow one minute for the
drive to take up any internal gear-backlash.
3. Now, as the telescope moves from object to object, the
motor drive will automatically track, or follow the object, fully
compensating for the effects of the earth's rotation.
Southern Hemisphere Operations. Tracking is normally in a
westerly direction (for the northern hemisphere) but can be
changed by installing the southern hemisphere jumper as
follows:
1. On the Drive Motor Housing (18), Fig. 1, loosen the set
screw and remove the Set Collar (3), Fig. 14.
2. Loosen the set screw and remove the R. A. Setting Circle
(2), Fig. 14.
3. Remove the three Phillips head screws (5), Fig. 14,
attaching the dust cover (1), Fig. 14, to the back plate of the
Drive Motor Housing.
4. Remove the dust cover carefully. The circuit board is
attached to the inside of the dust cover, with wires leading to
the drive motor.
5. On the circuit board, locate 2 "L"-shaped prongs extending
from the board. One prong should have the jumper (a small,
plastic, black square with two openings, side by side)
attached.
Fig. 14: Drive Motor Housing. (1) Dust Cover; (2) R.A. Setting
Circle; (3) Set Collar; (4) Battery Compartment; (5) 3 Knurled Head
Screws.
6. Remove the jumper from one prong and slide it onto both
prongs. The telescope will now track in an easterly direction
for southern hemisphere operations.
7. To return the telescope to northern hemisphere operations,
pull the jumper off both prongs and store it on one of the
prongs.
8. When replacing the dust cover, be careful of keeping the
wires away from the gear system.
Setting Circles
Setting circles included with the 16" Starfinder permit the
location of faint celestial objects not easily found by direct visual
observation. The R.A. circle (1), Fig. 13, is located at the end of
the polar housing, on the side of the Control Panel. The
Declination (Dec) circle (2), Fig. 13, is located at the end of the
Declination Housing, just above the counterweight shaft. With
the telescope pointed at the North Celestial Pole, the Dec circle
should read 90° (understood to mean +90°). Objects located
below the 0-0 line of the Dec circle carry minus Declination
coordinates. Each division of the Dec circle represents a 1°
increment. The R.A. circle runs from Ohr to (but not including)
24hr, and reads in increments of Smin.
Note that the R.A. circle is double-indexed; i.e., there are two
series of numbers running in opposite directions around the
circumference of the R.A. circle. The outer series of numbers
(increasing counterclockwise) applies to observers located in
the Earth's Northern Hemisphere; the inner series of numbers
(increasing clockwise) applies to observers located in the
Earth's Southern Hemisphere.
To use the setting circles to locate an object not easily found by
direct visual observation:
With the telescope aligned to the pole, center an object of
known R.A. in the telescopic field. Then tum the R.A. circle,
which can be rotated manually, until the R.A. coordinate of the
object is correctly indicated by the R.A. pointer. As long as the
telescope's motor drive remains "ON," the R.A. pointer will then
correctly indicate the R.A. of any object at which the telescope
is pointed throughout the duration of the observing session.
To locate a particular object, first look up the celestial
coordinates (R.A. and Dec) of the object in a star atlas. Then,
turn the telescope to read the correct R.A. of the desired object.
Turn the telescope in Declination to read the correct Declination
of the object. If the procedure has been followed carefully, and
if the telescope was weli-aligned with the pole, the desired
object should now be in the telescopic field of a low-power
eyepiece,
If the object is not immediately visible through the telescope, try
searching the adjacent sky area. Because of its much wider
field, the viewfinder may be of significant assistance in locating
and centering objects, after the setting circles have been used
to locate the approximate position of the object.
Pinpoint application of the setting circles requires that the
telescope be precisely aligned with the pole.
The setting circles may also be utilized in the absence of a
power source for the motor drive. In this case, however, it is
necessary to manually reset the R.A. of the object being
observed just before moving the telescope to the next object.
Observing Tips
To enjoy the 16" Starfinder telescope to its fullest potential,
follow these recommendations:
1. Let the telescope "cool down" to the outside temperature
before attempting to make serious observations. After
removing the telescope from a warm house, the telescope's
optics need about 30 to 45 minutes to adjust to the outside
temperature before they will perform well.
2. Avoid setting up the telescope inside a room and observing
through an open window (or, worse, a closed window!). in
such a case air currents caused by differences in
indoor/outdoor temperatures make quality astronomical
optical performance impossible.
Note: A practical exception to the above rule is the case where
the Starfinder is, for example, set up in a living room or den for
observing an outdoor terrestrial scene or view through a closed
window. At low powers (up to about 60X) the telescope will
perform reasonably well in this application, but the observer
should understand clearly that optical performance under these
conditions can not approach the performance that will be
realized if the telescope were instead set up outside.
3. As discussed above, avoid "overpowering" the telescope. If
the terrestrial or astronomical image becomes fuzzy at high
powers, drop down to a lower power. image degradation at
high powers is not due to any fault of the telescope but is
caused by heat waves and turbulence in the earth's
atmosphere. Astronomical observations at high powers
(i.e., above about 200X) should be undertaken only when
the atmosphere is very steady, as confirmed by an absence
of “twinkling” in star images.
4. Try not to touch the eyepiece when observing through the
telescope. Vibrations in your hand are immediately
transferred to the telescopic image.
5. If you wear eyeglasses and do not suffer from astigmatism,
take your glasses off when using the telescope; the
telescope's magnification compensates for near- or
farsightedness. Observers with astigmatism should,
however, wear their glasses, since the telescope can not
compensate for this eye defect.
6. Allow your eyes to become "dark adapted" before
attempting serious astronomical observations through the
telescope. Night adaptation normally requires about 10 to
15 minutes.
7. As you use your Starfinder more and more for astronomical
observing, you will find that you are seeing finer and finer
detail — on the surface of Jupiter, for example. Observing
through a fine optical instrument is to some degree an
acquired skill. Celestial observing becomes increasingly
rewarding as your eye becomes better trained in the
detection of subtle variations of color, contrast, and
resolution.
ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY
Your reflecting telescope can be used as a powerful
astrophotographic lens with the addition of virtually any 35mm
Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera body. The Basic Camera
Adapter (see OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES, this page) and T-
Mount for your specific brand of SLR camera serve as the link
between telescope and camera.
The Starfinder Equatorial Telescope design allows the user to
take short exposure photographs of the Moon and planets using
either prime-focus or eyepiece projection photographic
techniques. Designed without slow-motion controls, the
Starfinder is not capable of taking the long exposures required
for deep-sky astrophotography. However, with the purchase of
the optional Magellan II Computer Correction System (see
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES, page 12), which includes dual-axis
drive correction capabilities, the ability to guide for longer
exposures is much improved.
To mount a camera on the telescope:
1. Remove the standard lens from your camera and set it
aside. (Remember: the telescope is the camera's lens.)
2. Attach the appropriate T-Mount to your 35mm SLR camera.
3. Thread the prime-focus section of the Basic Camera
Adapter (optional) into the front of the T-Mount now attached
to your camera (Fig. 15).
4. Remove the eyepiece from the focuser and insert the
chrome barrel of the camera adapter into the focuser
drawtube. (Re-balancing may be necessary.)
5. Focus the camera by looking through the camera viewfinder
and turning the telescope's focuser knobs until the image is
sharp.
Fig. 15: Prime-Focus Photography.
In the above configuration, the telescope is operating in the
"prime-focus” or no-eyepiece photographic mode. When higher
magnification is desired, such as during lunar and planetary
photography, an eyepiece may be inserted into the Camera
Adapter (Fig. 16) so that the image is projected through the
eyepiece, onto the film plane. This is known as Eyepiece-
Projection photography.
A few tips on astrophotography:
1. The telescope must be polar aligned, as discussed above.
2. The mount must be on a solid level surface.
3. Use a cable-operated shutter release. Touching the camera
body to initiate shutter operations will almost certainly
introduce undesirable vibrations.
Fig. 16: Eyepiece-Projection Photography.
4. Use "fast" films (high ASA ratings) to reduce exposure
times.
5. Focus the image with extreme care. While observing the
celestial object through the camera's viewfinder, turn the
telescope's focus knob to achieve the sharpest possible
focus.
6. Hold a piece of cardboard over the front of the telescope
until the shutter has been locked open and all vibrations
have had time to dampen out.
7. Bracket exposure times widely. Correct shutter speeds vary
widely, depending on lighting conditions and the film used.
Trial-and-error is the best way to determine the proper
shutter speed in any given application.
8. Terrestrial photography through a telescope is sensitive to
heat waves rising from the earth's surface. Long distance
photography is best accomplished in the early morning
hours, before the earth has had time to build up heat.
9. NEVER attempt to photograph (or observe) the Sun.
Astrophotography is an acquired skill; exercise patience and
expect to waste a few rolls of film as you learn the techniques.
The rewards of taking a quality astrophotograph, however, wili
make all your efforts worthwhile.
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
A wide assortment of professional Meade accessories are
available for the 16" Starfinder Equatorial Telescope.
Basic Camera Adapter: À Basic Camera [-æ
Adapter is necessary for photography
through a Starfinder Equatorial. An
eyepiece can be inserted into the adapter
and an enlarged image is projected onto
the camera film plane.
Dust Cover: This snug-fitting vinyl dust cover protects optics
from outside dust during storage of the telescope.
Eyepieces: Many additional eyepieces are available for higher
and lower magnifications. All Meade Starfinder Equatorial
telescopes accept standard 1.25" O.D. eyepieces as well as 2"
O.D. eyepieces.
Meade Super Plossl (SP), Super Wide Angle (SWA), and Ultra
Wide Angle (UWA) Eyepieces in the standard American-size
(1.25%) barrel diameter (Fig. 9) or the 2" barrel size permit a wide
range of magnifying powers with the telescope. Powers
obtained with each eyepiece are as foliows:
Eyepiece 16" 14.5
Power
SP 6.4mm 286X”
SP 9.7mm 187X
SP 12.4mm 148X
SP 15mm 122X
SP 20mm 92X
SP 26mm 70X
SP 32mm 57X
SWA 13.8mm 133X
SWA 18mm 102X
SWA 24.5mm 75X
SWA 32mm 57X
UWA 4.7mm 389X"
UWA 6.7mm 273X* Fig. 17: Series 4000 eyepieces.
UWA 8.8mm 208X
UWA 14mm 131X
* Should be used only under extremely steady atmospheric
conditions.
Meade Super Plóss! and Super Wide Angle Eyepieces are ideal
for general-purpose astronomical or terrestrial observing. The
typical Starfinder user may wish to add 2 or 3 of these eyepieces
to his or her telescope. An introductory selection might include
the SP 9.7mm and SP 15mm. The more advanced observer will
perhaps select the SP 9.7mm, SP 12.4mm, and SWA 18mm.
The Super Wide Angle Eyepiece series yields extremely wide
fields of view, perfect for the examination of star fields, diffuse
nebulae, or for terrestrial applications. Under very steady
seeing conditions Meade UWA 4.7mm and 6.7mm eyepieces
present the widest fields of view obtainable at high powers and
are excellent eyepieces for the Moon and planets.
Filters: Thirteen color filters are
available for significantly increased
contrast and resolution of detail on the
Moon and planets. For example, the
#80A (blue) filter effectively enhances
the reddish-colored detail on the
surface of Jupiter. These filters thread
into the barrels of all standard 1.25" O.D. eyepieces and may
also be used for eyepiece projection photography.
Illuminated Reticle Eyepiece: Permits
easy visibility of guiding crosslines even
against the darkest skies. The standard
#702A double-crossline, phosphorescent-
enhanced reticie allows for variable
illumination from faint to very bright.
Magellan |: The Magellan | accessory adds a
powerful pointing tool to your Starfinder
telescope. Encoders supplied with this product
for the R.A. and Dec. axis can be easily installed
in factory machined mounting features. Once
installed, the Magellan | will allow the electronic
AS | Selection and pointing of the telescope at a large
————-—J number of catalogued objects in the sky.
Magellan Il and Dual-Axis Drive Correction:
The Magellan 1! offers all of the pointing features
of the Magellan | with the addition of dual-axis
drive correction capabilities on both the R.A. and
Dec. axis. The Magellan II will allow the
electronic selection and pointing of the telescope
at a large number of catalogued objects in the
sky.
- 12 -
i #65RS Manual Declination Control:
Attaches directly to the equatorial mount,
this Manual Declination Control allows the
user to make fine micrometric
adjustments in Declination.
#140 2x Barlow Lens: The Barlow
Lens, or Telenegative Amplifier, is a
convenient accessory used to
increase the eftective magnification
of any given eyepiece. The Barlow
Lens is inserted into the focuser
and accepts all standard 1.25" O.D. eyepieces.
#607 Power Cord: This 25 ft. power cord allows the user to
power the Starfinder Equatorial Telescope from an 12vDC
automobile cigarette lighter plug.
TELESCOPE MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
Care Of Optics And Main Tube
With the reasonable care due any fine instrument, your Meade
telescope will last a lifetime. If the eyepieces become dirty, try
cleaning them with a camel's hair brush or compressed air. If
you must wipe the surface of the lenses, do so gently with a soft
cloth so as not to scratch the protective coatings.
The aluminum coating on the primary and secondary mirrors
may last more than ten years without significant deterioration.
(The coatings will last a shorter period if regularly exposed to
saity or polluted air.) Minor blemishes, scratches, or streaks will
NOT impair the telescope's performance. Re-coating, when
necessary, is relatively inexpensive. Contact your local Meade
dealer for information on mirror re-coating services.
1. Cleaning the Optics:
The most common error is to clean the optics too often.
does become necessary, clean as follows:
If it
Remove the mirror from its cell.
.b. With the mirror resting face up on a towel, run a continuous
stream of cold water onto its surface.
c. Dip a wad of cotton in a mild liquid detergent solution (1/2
teaspoon to 1 pint of water) and gently swab the entire
surface.
d. Continue running water on the mirror surface to prevent
beading and make ready three wads of cotton and a solution
of 50% distilled water and 50% isopropyl alcohol.
e. Dip a cotton wad into the alcohol solution and, ONLY NOW,
tum off the water.
f. Swab the entire surface. Do not turn over the cotton wads
or dissolved skin oils may deposit on the mirror's surface.
Immediately take a dry swab and continue wiping the entire
surface gently. Keep changing wads until the mirror surface
is completely dry and free of streaks.
2. Cleaning the Optical Tube:
When cleaning the outside of the Starfinder optical tube (4, Fig
1), use a mild detergent, (Pine-Sol, Formula 409, Fantastic, or
oil soap). Oil soap is preferred as it also acts as a preservative
for the paint. Solvent or alcohol based cleaning solutions will
diminish the original luster of the paint.
Star Testing the Collimation
After collimating your telescope, the next step 1s to test the
accuracy of the alignment on a star. Use the 25mm eyepiece
and point the telescope at a moderately bright (second or third
magnitude) star, then center the star image in the telescope's
field-of-view. With the star centered, follow the method below:
1.
Bring the star image slowly out of focus until one or more
rings are visible around the central disc. If the collimation
was performed correctly, the central star disk and rings will
be concentric circles, with a dark spot dead center within the
out-of-focus star disk (this is the shadow of the secondary
mirror), as shown in Figure 17A. (An improperly aligned
telescope will reveal elongated circles (Fig. 17B), with an
off-center dark shadow.)
If the out-of-focus star disk appears elongated (Fig. 17B),
adjust the primary mirror tilt hex screws of the primary mirror
cell until the circles are concentric on either side of focus.
0,
Fig. 17A.
Fig. 17B.
Telescope Tracking
If the telescope does not correctly track a star, check the
telescope's polar alignment (page 8). If a problem still persists,
check the following:
1.
Power Supply: The motor may not be getting power -
check battery condition and replace if necessary.
Slow Blow Fuse: Your Starfinder is equipped with a slow-
blow fuse (11), Fig. 18, that will sacrifice itself to prevent
- 13 -
harm to your equipment. This fuse can be replaced by
removing the dust cover to expose the fuse holder on the
back of the control panel.
Balance: The telescope may not be properly baianced -
see BALANCING THE TELESCOPE, page 5.
Clutch Power Plate: The clutch pressure plate may be
loose. To tighten the pressure plate:
a. Remove the dust cover (14), Fig. 18. There are five
wires coming off the motor. These wires all iead to one
connector (10), Fig. 18, that plugs into the top corner of
the circuit board, next to the slow blow fuse. Unplug this
connector (the motor plug) before beginning any work
on the motor.
b. Tighten each of the three clutch pressure plate screws
(1), Fig. 18, slightly until there is sufficient drag to drive
the telescope.
c. Plug the connector back into the top corner of the circuit
board, making sure that all 5 pins on the circuit board
are covered by the connector. The connector should be
oriented so that the wires are leading away from the
board, not crossing over the board. Note the position of
the red wire (9), Fig. 18. Replace the dust cover.
Worm Block: The worm block may be out of adjustment.
To eliminate binding in the worm gear system:
a. Remove the dust cover and unplug the motor from the
circuit board (as described above in Step 4a).
b. Loosen the two screws that hold the worm block (6), Fig.
18, to the back plate (2), Fig. 18. These screws can be
found on the outside of the back plate.
c. Move the worm block until the worm (8), Fig. 18, fits
snugly against the worm gear (4), Fig. 18, with just a
small amount of play.
d. Tighten the worm block screws and connect the motor
у
ТОТО
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00 12
14
11
13
Fig. 18: The Motor Drive System. (1) Clutch Adjustment Screws; (2) Back Plate; (3) Clutch Pressure Plate; (4) Worm Gear; (5) Spur Gear; (6)
Worm Block; (7) D.C. Motor; (8) Wom; (9) Red Wire; (10) Motor Plug Connector; (11) Slow-Blow Fuse; (12) Circuit Board; (13) Battery Carrier; (14)
Dust Cover.
plug (10), Fig. 18, to the circuit board (as described
above in Step 4c). Replace the dust cover.
Meade Customer Service
If you have a question concerning your Meade Starfinder
telescope, call Meade Instruments/Customer Service Dept. at
949-451-1450, or fax at 949-451-1460. Customer Service hours
are 8:30AM - 4:00PM, Pacific Time, Monday through Friday. In
the unlikely event that your 16" Starfinder telescope requires
factory servicing or repairs, write or call the Meade Customer
Service Dept. first, before returning the telescope to the factory,
giving full particulars as to the nature of the problem, as well as
your name, address, and daytime telephone number. The great
majority of 16" Starfinder servicing issues can be resolved by
telephone, avoiding return of the telescope to the factory.
- 14 -
Specifications:
Meade Starfinder™ 16" Reflecting Telescope
TELESCOPE:
Starfinder Equatorial 16
Optical Design
Newtonian Reflector
Diameter/Clear Aperture
406mm (16")
Primary & Secondary Mirrors
Grade-A Pyrex” glass,
fine annealed
Secondary Mirror Support 4-vane; steel
Focal Length 1830mm
Focal Ratio f/4.5
Resolving Power (arc secs.) 0.28
Limiting Visual Magnitude 15.6
Limiting Photographic Magnitude 18.1
image Scale 0.79%inch
Maximum Practical Visual Power 600X
35mm Angular Film Coverage 0.74° x 1.06°
Optical Tube
19" dia. x 66" long spiral-
wound Sonotube
Secondary Mirror Minor Axis
4.00"
Secondary Mirror Obstruction
6.2%
Equatorial Mounting
Polar and Dec Shaft Dias.
Bearings
Pier (dia. x height)
Motor Drive System
Drive Gear
Setting Circle Dias.
German-type
1.5"
Polar: 2 Sealmaster ball
bearings; Dec: Nylon
6.0" x 18" steel
9-volts D.C.
5" worm gear
RA and Dec: 6"
Latitude Range
25° to 60°
Material aluminum castings
Total Net Telescope Wt. (approx.) 247 lbs.
Heaviest Component
for Field Assembly 62 ibs.
Shipping Weight (approx.) 273 Ibs.
- 15 -
FCC NOTICE
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a CLASS A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case
the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
ARR RR RRR RRR RR RRR RRR RRR RR RRR RRR RRARRRRRRR
MEADE LIMITED WARRANTY
Every Meade telescope, spotting scope, and telescope accessory is warranted by Meade Instruments Corporation ( Meade”)
to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of ONE YEAR from the date of original purchase in the U.S.A.
and Canada. Meade will repair or replace a product, or part thereof, found by Meade to be defective, provided the defective
part is returned to Meade, freight-prepaid, with proof of purchase. This warranty applies to the original purchaser only and is
non-transferable. Meade products purchased outside North America are not included in this warranty, but are covered under
separate warranties issued by Meade international distributors.
RGA Number Required: Prior to the return of any product or part, a Return Goods Authorization (RGA) number must be
obtained from Meade by writing, or by calling (949) 451-1450. Each returned part or product must include a written statement
detailing the nature of the claimed defect,-as well as the owner's name, address, and phone number.
This warranty is not valid in cases where the product has been abused or mishandled, where unauthorized repairs have been
attempted or performed, or where depreciation of the product is due to normal wear-and-tear. Meade specifically disclaims
special, indirect, or consequential damages or lost profit which may result from a breach of this warranty. Any implied
warranties which can not be disclaimed are hereby limited to a term of one year from the date of original retail purchase.
This warranty gives you specific rights. You may have other rights which vary from state to state.
Meade reserves the right to change product specifications or to discontinue products without notice.
This warranty supersedes all previous Meade product warranties.
м AN
ARRERERGRERGRERGRIRERGRE RER RER RE RG RIRES RO RER RG RD RP RIRE) RER PP RER R RIRE
ADVANCED PRODUCTS DIVISION
Meade Instruments Corporation
World's Leading Manufacturer of Astronomical Telescopes for the Serious Amateur
6001 Oak Canyon, Irvine, California 92618 @ (949) 451-1450
FAX: (949) 451-1460 BR www.meade.com © 2000
Ver. 0700 Part no. 14-0221-50