advertisement
New Features
ERRORS FOUND IN THE INSTALLATION MANUAL (REF. 9707)
Appendix "F" page 10. P621(7)
It is wrong, it should say:
P621(7) The M06 function executes the M19 function (0=Yes, 1=No)
Appendix "G" page 20. P621(7)
It is wrong, it should say:
P621(7) The M06 function executes the M19 function (0=Yes, 1=No)
MODIFICATIONS TO THE INSTALLATION MANUAL (REF. 9707)
Comparison table xii. Technical description. Inputs/Outputs.
Feedback inputs for rotary axes, it should say: W (GP), W (M), W (MG), W V (MS)
Comparison table xii. Technical description. Axis control.
GP
Electronic threading. It should say
M x
MG x
MS x
Comparison table xii. Technical description. Others. Add fields
GP
Open loop motors without servodrives................................x
Laser machines......................................................................
JIG Grinders...........................................................................
M x x
MG x x
MS x x
Section 3.3.3 (chapter 3 page 15). P612(6). Another example:
Having a Fagor electronic handwheel (25 lines/turn) set as follows:
P612(3) = 0 Millimeters
P612(6) = 0 Multiplication factor x4
P612(4) = 0 and P612(5) = 0 Resolution: 0.001 mm.
Depending on the position of the MFO switch (Manual Feedrate Override) the selected axis will move:
Position 1 1 x 25 x 4 = 0.100 mm per turn
Position 10
Position 100
10 x 25 x 4 =
100 x 25 x 4 =
1.000 mm per turn
10.000 mm per turn
MODIFICATIONS TO THE PROGRAMMING MANUAL (REF. 9701)
Section 6.30.4 (page 128). G76 Automatic block generation
If the new program to be created is to be sent to a PC (G76 N), the DNC communication must be enabled and, at the PC, the "program management" "Digitizing Reception" option must be selected.
If it is not, the CNC will issue error 56.
- 2 -
Version 7.1 (July 1996)
1. EXPANSION OF THE INTEGRATED PLC RESOURCES
1.1 INPUTS
1.1.1 AXIS BEING HOMED (REFERENCED)
Input I88 indicates whether a home search is taking place and inputs I100, I101, I102, I103 and I104 indicates which axis is being homed.
I88
I100
I101
I102
I103
I104
Indicates whether any axis is being homed (0=No / 1=Yes)
Indicates whether the X axis is being homed (0=No / 1=Yes)
Indicates whether the Y axis is being homed (0=No / 1=Yes)
Indicates whether the Z axis is being homed (0=No / 1=Yes)
Indicates whether the W axis is being homed (0=No / 1=Yes)
Indicates whether the V axis is being homed (0=No / 1=Yes)
1.1.2 AXIS MOVING DIRECTION
Inputs I42, I43, I44, I45 and I46 will show, at all times, the moving direction of each axis.
I42
I43
I44
I45
I46
Indicates the moving direction of the X axis (0=Positive / 1=negative)
Indicates the moving direction of the Y axis (0=Positive / 1=negative)
Indicates the moving direction of the Z axis (0=Positive / 1=negative)
Indicates the moving direction of the W axis (0=Positive / 1=negative)
Indicates the moving direction of the V axis (0=Positive / 1=negative)
1.2 OUTPUTS
1.2.1 ENABLING THE CYCLE-START KEY VIA PLCI
With this feature it is possible to set the treatment of the [CYCLE START] of the CNC via PLCI. Machine parameter
"P627(7)" indicates whether this feature is available or not.
P627(7) = 0This feature is not available.
P627(7) = 1This feature is available.
When using this feature, the way the CNC handles the [CYCLE START] key depends on the status of PLCI output O25
(CYCLE START ENABLE).
O25 = 0 The CNC ignores both the [CYCLE-START] key and the external [CYCLE-START] signal.
O25 = 1 The CNC takes into account both the [CYCLE-START] key and the external [CYCLE-START] signal.
1.2.2 TRAVEL LIMITS SET VIA PLCI
With this feature, the travel limits of the axes may be set via PLCI. Machine parameter "P627(7)" indicates whether this feature is available or not.
P627(7) = 0This feature is not available.
P627(7) = 1This feature is available.
To set the travel limits for each axis, use the following outputs:
O52 / O53
O54 / O55
O56 / O57
O58 / O59
O60 / O61
Positive / negative X axis limits
Positive / negative Y axis limits
Positive / negative Z axis limits
Positive / negative W axis limits
Positive / negative V axis limits
When the PLCI activates one of this outputs while the axis is moving in the same direction, the CNC stops the axes and the spindle and it displays an axis-travel-limit-overrun error.
- 3 -
1.2.3 DENYING ACCESS TO THE EDITOR MODE VIA PLCI
Machine parameter "P627(7)" indicates whether this feature is available or not.
P627(7) = 0This feature is not available.
P627(7) = 1This feature is available.
When using this feature, access to the editor mode at the CNC depends on the status of PLCI output O26, as well as on the current conditions (protected memory, number of the program to be locked).
O26 = 0 Free access to the editor mode (it is protected by current conditions).
O26 = 1 Denied access to the editor mode.
1.2.4 SPINDLE CONTROLLED VIA CNC OR VIA PLCI
From this version on, the spindle analog output may be set either by the CNC or by the PLCI. Machine parameter "P627(7)" indicates whether this feature is available or not.
P627(7) = 0This feature is not available
P627(7) = 1This feature is available
Setting the spindle analog output via PLCI
To do this, use the combination: M1956 - R156.
Register R156 sets the spindle analog output in units of 2.442 mV. (10 / 4095)
R156 = 0000 1111 1111 1111
R156 = 0001 1111 1111 1111
R156 = 0000 0000 0000 0001
R156 = 0001 0000 0000 0001
(R1256=4095) = 10V.
= -10V.
(R1256=1) = 2.5 mV.
= -2.5 mV.
In order for the CNC to assume the value allocated to register R156, one must activate mark M1956 as described in the PLCI Manual (section 5.5.2. Writing internal CNC variables).
Spindle controlled either by the CNC or by the PLCI
The CNC may have two internal spindle analog outputs, that of the CNC itself and the one set by the PLCI.
Use PLCI output O27 to "tell" the CNC which one of them to output.
O27 = 0
O27 = 1
Spindle analog output set by the CNC itself.
Spindle analog output set by the PLCI (combination: M1956-R156).
1.3 READING INTERNAL CNC VARIABLES
From this version on, the PLCI and the PLC64 have access to more internal CNC information.
With the PLCI, there is no need to activate a mark to access this information. The CNC itself updates this information at the beginning of each PLCI cycle scan.
With the PLC 64, the corresponding mark must be consulted every time a CNC variable is to be checked.
The CNC information now accessible is:
Real S in rpm (REG119 at the PLCI, M1919 at the PLC64)
Not to be mistaken with R112 which indicates the programmed Spindle speed (S).
It is given in rpm and in hexadecimal format. Example: S 2487 R119= 967
Number of the block in execution (REG120 at the PLCI, M1920 at the PLC64)
It is given in hexadecimal format. Example: N120 R120= 78
Code of the last key pressed (B0-7 REG121 at the PLCI, Not available at the PLC64)
Not to be mistaken with register R118 which also indicates the code corresponding to the last key pressed, -
the data in R121 is only kept there for one cycle scan whereas R118 keeps its value until another key is pressed .
When pressing the same key several times, (for example: 1111):
R121 will show code "1" four times (once per cycle scan).
R118 will always show the same value, thus not being able to tell whether the "1" key has been pressed once or more times.
The key codes are listed in the appendix of the PLCI manual.
- 4 -
Operating mode selected at the CNC (B8-11 REG121 at the PLCI, Not available at the PLC64)
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
B8 B9 B10 B11
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
Automatic
Single block
Play-Back
Teach-in
Dry-Run
JOG
Editor
Peripherals
Tool Table and G functions
Special modes
Status of the miscellaneous "M" functions (REG122 at the PLCI, Not available at the PLC64)
The status of each one of these functions is given by a bit and will appear as a "1" when active and "0" when inactive.
B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
M19 M1 M30 M6 M5 M4 M3 M2 M0
2. RETRACE FUNCTION.
This feature is available on the following models:
CNC-8025M
CNC-8025MI
CNC-8025MG
CNC-8025MGI
CNC-8025MS
CNC-8025MSI
Machine parameter "P627(6)" indicates whether this feature is available or not.
P627(6) = 0
P627(6) = 1
This feature
This feature is not is
available available
This function may be selected by the operator. To do this, activate:
On models without PLCI:
On models with PLCI: pin 7 of connector A5.
PLCI output O47
Operation:
As the CNC executes motion blocks, it always stores the last 10 blocks already executed
Whenever it executes a block containing an M,S,T type function, the machining conditions change and the CNC deletes those previously stored motion blocks.
When the retrace function is activated, the block currently in execution is interrupted and the retrace process begins.
First to the starting point of the current block and, then, to that of the previously stored program blocks.
If all the stored blocks are executed, the CNC stops the machine until the retrace function is canceled.
When this function is canceled, the CNC interrupts the current movement (if any) and it executes all the retraced blocks again. Once the interruption point is reached, the CNC resumes the execution of the program.
3. OPERATION WITH TWO MOTORS AND 3 AXES.
Machine parameter "P627(8)" indicates whether this feature is available or not.
P627(8) = 0This feature is not available.
P627(8) = 1This feature is available.
Operation:
The CNC permits using 2 motors to move 3 axes with the following conditions:
One of the axes shared by a motor must be the Z axis and the other one must be either the X or the Y axis.
Only interpolations between the X and Y axes are possible. The Z axis cannot be interpolated with any other axis.
It must be moved alone.
Example: To move the tool from "X0 Y0 Z0" to "X20 Y20 Z20", The CNC will make this move in two steps.
First, it will move the X and Y axes to X20 Y20 and, then, the Z axis to Z20.
- 5 -
4. SPINDLE FOLLOWING ERROR DISPLAY WHILE IN M19
From this version on, when operating with spindle orient (M19), the CNC also shows the spindle following error on the screen corresponding to the following error in Automatic and Single block modes.
The Following Error screen shows, in large characters, the amount of axis lag and, under it, the following information line.
The last value of this line "S 0000.000" shows the amount of following error (lag) of the spindle when it operates in spindle orient mode (M19).
5. GANTRY AXES NOT MECHANICALLY SLAVED
From this version on, depending on the setting of machine parameter "P629(8)", it is possible to work with two different types of Gantry axes.
"P629(8)=0" Mechanically slaved Gantry Axes. As until now.
When being homed, both axes behave as a single axis. The CNC takes into account only the parameter settings and feedback pulses of the main axis, the slaved one being just a follower of the main axis,
"P629(8)=1" Not-mechanically slaved Gantry axes.
When being homed, the two axes behave as separate independent axes. First the main axis is homed and, then, the slaved one.
6. SHEETMETAL FORMING MACHINES
This feature is available on GP models.
To enable it, set machine parameter "P626(7)=1". The CNC enables functions M98 and M99 to control the X axis positioning loop.
Function M98 opens the X axis loop and M99 closes it.
When the CNC executes an M30, it also closes the X axis positioning loop.
When operating in jog mode, the CNC enables he following keys to control the X axis positioning loop:
Executes an M98 opening the X axis loop.
Executes an M98 opening the X axis loop.
Executes an M98 closing the X axis loop.
Version 7.2 (April 1997)
1. SCREEN SAVER
The screen saver function works as follows:
After 5 minutes without pressing a key or without the CNC refreshing the screen, the screen goes blank. Press any key to restore the display.
Machine parameter "P626(5)" indicates whether this feature is to be used or not.
P626(5) = 0This feature is not being used.
P626(5) = 1This feature is being used.
2. JOGGING FEEDRATE
If while in JOG mode, the conditional input (block skip), pin 18 of connector I/O1, the CNC does not allow entering a new F value. Only the feedrate override (%) may be varied by means of the MFO switch.
- 6 -
3. PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING. NEW FUNCTION: F34
Function F34 returns the number of the tool being dealt with.
P27=F34 Parameter P27 takes the value of the new tool being dealt with.
This function must be used when working with a subroutine associated with the tool change.
When using it outside that subroutine, function F34 returns the value of "100".
Version 7.3 (March 1998)
1. PLCI. Input I87
While the CNC is threading (G84), PLCI input I87 is set to “1”.
Note: Input I97 indicates rigid tapping.
Version 7.4 (May 1999)
1. NEW MACHINE PARAMETER ASSOCIATED WITH THE M FUNCTIONS
Machine parameter "P629(7)" indicates when the M3, M4, M5 functions are sent out while accelerating or decelerating the spindle.
2. CANCEL TOOL OFFSET DURING A TOOL CHANGE
From this version on, it is possible to execute a "T.0" type block inside the subroutine associated with the tool to cancel the tool offset. This lets move to a particular position without the need for cumbersome calculations.
Only the tool offset may be canceled (T.0) or modified (T.xx). The tool cannot be changed (Txx.xx) inside the subroutine associated with the tool.
3. DIVIDING FACTOR FOR FEEDBACK SIGNALS
Parameters P631(8), P631(7), P631(6), P631(5) and P631(4) are used together with P604(8), P604(7), P604(6), P604(5) and
P616(8) which indicate the multiplying factor to be applied to the feedback signals of the X, Y, Z, W, V axes respectively.
X axis
P604(8)
Y axis
P604(7)
Z axis
P604(6)
W axis
P604(5)
V axis
P616(8)
P631(8) P631(7) P631(6) P631(5) P631(4)
Indicate whether the feedback signals are divided (=1) or not (=0).
P631(8)=0, P631(7)=0, P631(6)=0, P631(5)=0 and P631(4)=0
P631(8)=1, P631(7)=1, P631(6)=1, P631(5)=1 and P631(4)=1
They are not divided
They are divided by two.
Example:
We wish to obtain a resolution of 0.01 mm with a squarewave encoders mounted on the X axis with 5mm pitch ballscrew
Nr of pulses = ballscrew pitch / (Multiplying factor x Resolution)
With P604(8)=0 & P631(8)=0
With P604(8)=1 & P631(8)=0
With P604(8)=0 & P631(8)=1
With P604(8)=1 & P631(8)=1 x4 multiplying factor x2 multiplying factor x2 multiplying factor x1 multiplying factor
Nr of pulses = 125
Nr of pulses = 250
Nr of pulses = 250
Nr of pulses = 500
- 7 -
Version 7.6 (July 2001)
1. G75 AFFECTED BY FEEDRATE OVERRIDE
From this version on, there is a new machine parameter indicating whether G75 is affected by the feedrate override or not.
P631(1) = 0Not affected. It is always at 100%, like in previous versions.
P631(1) = 1It is affected by the Feedrate override.
2. FEEDBACK FACTOR.
From this version on, there is a new machine parameter to set the resolution of an axis having an encoder and a leadscrew.
P819 Feedback factor for the X axis P820 Feedback factor for the Y axis P821 Feedback factor for the Z axis
P822 Feedback factor for the W axis P823 Feedback factor for the V axis
Values between 0 and 65534. The “0” value indicates that this feature is not being used.
Use the following formula to calculate the “Feedback Factor” :
Feedback factor = (Gear Ratio x Leadscrew pitch / Number of Encoder pulses) x 8.192
Examples: Gear Ratio
Leadscrew pitch
Encoder
Feedback factor
1
5000
2500
16384
1
6000
2500
19660.8
2
6000
2500
39321.6
1
8000 (microns)
2500 (pulses/turn)
26214.4
The machine parameters only admit integer values and sometimes the “Feedback Factor” has decimals. In those cases, assign the integer part to the machine parameter and use the leadscrew compensation table to make up for the decimal part.
The values to be entered in the table are calculated with the following formula:
Leadscrew position = Leadscrew Error (microns) x Integer of feedback factor / decimals of the feedback factor
For example: Gear ratio = 1 Leadscrew pitch = 6000 Encoder = 2500
Feedback factor = 19660.8
Machine parameter = 19660
For a leadscrew error of 20 microns Leadscrew position = 20 x 19660 / 0.8 = 491520
Going on with the calculation, we come up with the following table.
Leadscrew position
P0 = -1966.000
P2 = -1474.500
P4 = -983.000
Leadscrew error
P1 =
P3 =
P5 =
-0.080
-0.060
-0.040
P6 = -491.500
P8 = 0
P10 = 491.500
P12 = 983.000
P14 = 1472.500
P16 = 1966.000
P7 =
P9 =
-0.020
0
P11 = 0.020
P13 = 0.040
P15 =
P17 =
0.060
0.080
3. NEW MODEL
From this version on, the new model MLI is now available.
It offers the same features as the MGI model and it is sold together with the motors and ACS drives..
Headquarters (SPAIN): Fagor Automation S. Coop.
Bº San Andrés s/n, Apdo. 144
20500 Arrasate - Mondragón
Tel: +34-943-719200
Fax: +34- 943-791712
+34-943-771118 (Service Dept.) www.fagorautomation.com
E-mail: [email protected]
- 8 -
Models: M, MG, MS, GP
OPERATING MANUAL
Ref. 9701 (in)
ABOUT THE INFORMATION IN THIS MANUAL
This manual is addressed to the machine operator. It describes how to operate with this 8025
CNC.
It includes the necessary information for new users as well as advanced subjects for those who are already familiar with this CNC product.
It may not be necessary to read this whole manual. Consult the list of "New Features and
Modifications" which will indicate to you the chapters and sections describing them.
Consult the Comparison Table in order to find the specific features offered by your particular
CNC model.
There is also an appendix on error codes which indicates some of the probable reasons which could cause each one of them.
Notes: The information described in this manual may be subject to variations due to technical modifications.
FAGOR AUTOMATION, S.Coop. Ltda. reserves the right to modify the contents of the manual without prior notice.
INDEX
Section Page
Comparison table for Mill Model FAGOR 8025/8030 CNCs ......................................... ix
0 mode: AUTOMATIC (Continuous cycle) / 1 mode: SINGLE BLOCK ....................... 10
Selection of the Automatic (0) Single Block (1) operating modes ............................... 10
Display and deletion of the Messages sent by the FAGOR PLC 64. .............................. 21
Section Page
Locking/Unlocking of memory and formatting of 512 Kb memory .............................. 42
Section Page
Save a program being edited (only on models with 512 Kb of memory) ....................... 49
Entering a program from a peripheral other than the FAGOR cassette/recorder (2) ..... 55
Transferring a program to a peripheral other than the FAGOR cassette/recorder (3) .... 55
Mode 8: TOOL OFFSETS AND ZERO OFFSETS G53/G59 ........................................ 58
8025/8030 MILL MODEL CNCS
Fagor offers the 8025 and 8030 mill type CNCs.
Both types operate the same way and offer similar characteristics. Their basic difference is that the former is compact and the latter is modular.
Both CNC types offer basic models. Although the differences between the basic models are detailed later on, each model may be defined as follows:
8025/8030 GP Oriented to General Purpose machines
8025/8030 M Oriented to Milling machines of up to 4 axes.
8025/8030 MG Same as the M model, but with dynamic graphics.
8025/8030 MS Oriented to Machining Centers (up to 5 axes).
When the CNC has an Integrated Programmable Logic Controller (PLCI), the letter "I" is added to the CNC model denomination: GPI, MI, MGI, MSI.
Also, When the CNC has 512Kb of part-program memory, the letter "K" is added to the CNC model denomination: GPK, MK, MGK, MSK, GPIK, MIK, MGIK, MSIK.
General Purpose
Mills up to 4 axes
Basic With PLCI Basic
With 512Kb
GP
M
Up to 4 axes with graphics MG
Machining Centers MS
GPI
MI
MGI
MSI
GPK
MK
MGK
MSK
With PLCI and 512Kb
GPKI
MIK
MGIK
MSIK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
GP M MG MS
INPUTS/OUTPUTS
Feedback inputs. ........................................................................................
6 6 6
Linear axes ...........................................................................
Rotary axes ...........................................................................
4
2
4
2
4
2
Spindle encoder ....................................................................
Electronic handwheels .........................................................
1 1 1
1 1 1
Probe input .............................................................................................
x x x
Square-wave feedback signal multiplying factor, x2/x4 ...........................
x x x
Sine-wave feedback signal multiplying factor, x2/x4/10/x20 ...................
x x x
Maximum counting resolution 0.001mm/0.001°/0.0001inch ....................
x x x
Analog outputs (±10V) for axis servo drives ............................................
4 4 4
Spindle analog output (±10V) ...................................................................
1 1 1 x x
1
1
6
5
2
5
1 x x
AXIS CONTROL
Axes involved in linear interpolations .......................................................
3 3 3
Axes involved in circular interpolations ....................................................
2 2 2
Helical interpolation ..................................................................................
x x x
Electronic threading ..................................................................................
x x x
Spindle control ..........................................................................................
x x x
Software travel limits ................................................................................
x x x
Spindle orientation ....................................................................................
x x x
Management of non-servo-controlled Open-Loop motor .........................
x
PROGRAMMING
Part Zero preset by user .............................................................................
x x x
Absolute/incremental programming ..........................................................
x x x
Programming in cartesian coordinates ......................................................
x x x
Programming in polar coordinates ............................................................
x x x
Programming in cylindrical coordinates (radius, angle, axis) ...................
x x x
Programming by angle and cartesian coordinate .......................................
x x x x x x x x x x x x
3
2 x
COMPENSATION
Tool radius compensation .........................................................................
x x
Tool length compensation .........................................................................
x x x
Leadscrew backlash compensation ............................................................
x x x
Leadscrew error compensation ..................................................................
x x x
Cross compensation (beam sag) ................................................................
x x x x x x x x
DISPLAY
CNC text in Spanish, English, French, German and Italian ......................
x x x
Display of execution time ..........................................................................
x x x
Piece counter .............................................................................................
x x x
Graphic movement display and part simulation ........................................
x
Tool base position display .........................................................................
x x x
Tool tip position display ............................................................................
x x x
Geometric programming aide ....................................................................
x x x x x x x x x x
COMMUNICATION WITH OTHER DEVICES
Communication vía RS232C .....................................................................
x x x
Communication via DNC ..........................................................................
x x x
Communication via RS485 (FAGOR LAN) .............................................
x x x
ISO program loading from peripherals ......................................................
x x x x x x x
OTHERS
Parametric programming ...........................................................................
x x x
Model digitizing ........................................................................................
x x x
Possibility of an integrated PLC ................................................................
x x x
Sheetmetal tracing on LASER machines ...................................................
Jig Grinder .............................................................................................
x x x x x
PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS
GP M MG MS
AXES AND COORDINATE SYSTEMS
XY (G17) plane selection ...........................................................................
x x x
XZ and YZ plane selection (G18,G19) ......................................................
x x x
Part measuring units. Millimeters or inches (G70,G71) .............................
x x x
Absolute/incremental programming (G90,G91) ........................................
x x x
Independent axis (G65) ..............................................................................
x x x x x x x x
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Machine reference (home) search (G74) ....................................................
x x x
Coordinate preset (G92) .............................................................................
x x x
Zero offsets (G53...G59) ............................................................................
x x x
Polar origin preset (G93) ............................................................................
x x x
Store current part zero (G31) ......................................................................
x x x
Recover stored part zero (G32) .................................................................
x x x x x x x x x
PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS
Feedrate F ..............................................................................................
x x x
Feedrate in mm/min. or inches/minute (G94) ............................................
x x x
Feedrate in mm/revolution or inches/revolution (G95) ..............................
x x x
Constant surface speed (G96) .....................................................................
x x x
Constant tool center speed (G97) ...............................................................
x x x
Programmable feedrate override (G49) ......................................................
x x x
Spindle speed (S) ........................................................................................
x x x
S value limit (G92) .....................................................................................
x x x
Tool and tool offset selection (T) ...............................................................
x x x x x x x x x x x x
AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
Program stop (M00) ...................................................................................
x x x
Conditional program stop (M01) ................................................................
x x x
End of program (M02) ...............................................................................
x x x
End of program with return to first block (M30) .......................................
x x x
Clockwise spindle start (M03) ....................................................................
x x x
Counter-clockwise spindle start (M04) ......................................................
x x x
Spindle stop (M05) .....................................................................................
x x x
Tool change in machining centers (M06) ...................................................
x x x
Spindle orientation (M19) ..........................................................................
x x x
Spindle speed range change (M41, M42, M43, M44) ................................
x x x
Functions associated with pallets (M22, M23, M24, M25) ........................
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
PATH CONTROL
Rapid traverse (G00) ................................................................................ x x x x
Linear interpolation (G01) ........................................................................ x x x x
Circular interpolation (G02,G03) ............................................................. x x x x
Circular interpolation with absolute center coordinates (G06) ................. x x x x
Circular path tangent to previous path (G08) ........................................... x x x x
Arc defined by three points (G09) ............................................................ x x x x
Tangential entry at beginning of a machining operation (G37) .............. x x x x
Tangential exit at the end of a machining operation (G38) ...................... x x x x
Controlled radius blend (G36) .................................................................. x x x x
Chamfer (G39) ......................................................................................... x x x x
Electronic threading (G33) .........................................................................
x x x
ADDITIONAL PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS
Dwell (G04 K) .......................................................................................... x x x x
Round and square corner (G05, G07) ...................................................... x x x x
Mirror image (G10,G11,G12) .................................................................. x x x x
Mirror image along the Z axis (G13) ....................................................... x x x x
Scaling factor (G72) ................................................................................. x x x x
Pattern rotation (G73) ............................................................................... x x x x
Slaving/unslaving of axes (G77, G78) ..................................................... x x x x
Single block treatment (G47, G48) .......................................................... x x x x
User error display (G30) ........................................................................... x x x x
Automatic block generation (G76) .............................................................
x
Communication with FAGOR Local Area Network (G52) ...................... x x x x
COMPENSATION
Tool radius compensation (G40,G41,G42) ..............................................
Tool length compensation (G43,G44) ......................................................
Loading of tool dimensions into internal tool table (G50) .......................
CANNED CYCLES
Multiple arc-pattern machining (G64) ......................................................
User defined canned cycle (G79) .............................................................
Drilling cycle (G81) .................................................................................
Drilling cycle with dwell (G82) ................................................................
Deep hole drilling cycle (G83) .................................................................
Tapping cycle (G84) .................................................................................
Rigid tapping cycle (G84R) ......................................................................
Reaming cycle (G85) ................................................................................
Boring cycle with withdrawal in G00 (G86) ............................................
Rectangular pocket milling cycle (G87) ...................................................
Circular pocket milling cycle (G88) .........................................................
Boring cycle with withdrawal in G01 (G89) ............................................
Canned cycle cancellation (G80) ..............................................................
Return to starting point (G98) ..................................................................
Return to reference plane (G99) ...............................................................
GP M MG MS x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
PROBING
Probing (G75) ...........................................................................................
Tool length calibration canned cycle (G75N0) ........................................
Probe calibration canned cycle (G75N1) ..................................................
Surface measuring canned cycle (G75N2) ...............................................
Surface measuring canned cycle with tool offset (G75N3) ......................
Outside edge measuring canned cycle (G75N4) ......................................
Inside edge measuring canned cycle (G75N5) .........................................
Angle measuring canned cycle (G75N6) ..................................................
Outside edge and angle measuring canned cycle (G75N7) ......................
Hole centering canned cycle (G75N8) .....................................................
Boss centering canned cycle (G75N9) .....................................................
Hole measuring canned cycle (G75N10) ..................................................
Boss measuring canned cycle (G75N11) ..................................................
SUBROUTINES
Number of standard subroutines ...............................................................
Definition of standard subroutine (G22) ..................................................
Call to a standard subroutine (G20) ..........................................................
Number of parametric subroutines ...........................................................
Definition of parametric subroutine (G23) ...............................................
Call to a parametric subroutine (G21) .....................................................
End of standard or parametric subroutine (G24) ......................................
JUMP OR CALL FUNCTIONS
Unconditional jump/call (G25) .................................................................
Jump or call if zero (G26) ........................................................................
Jump or call if not zero (G27) ..................................................................
Jump or call if smaller (G28) ....................................................................
Jump or call if equal or greater (G29) ......................................................
x
99 x x x x x x x x x x
99 x x x x x x
99 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
99 x x
99 99 99 99 x x x x x x x x x x
NEW FEATURES
AND
MODIFICATIONS
Date:
FEATURE
February 1991
Error 65 is not issued while probing (G75)
It is possible to select the home searching direction for each axis
New 1, 2, 5, 10 resolution values for sine-wave feedback signals of each axis
PLCI register access from the CNC
Sheetmetal tracing on laser machines
Jig Grinder
Software version: 2.1 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual Section 3.3.4
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Section 4.6
Section 4.1
Programming Manual
Applications Manual
Applications Manual
G52
Date:
FEATURE
June 1991
Repetitive emergency subroutine
New function F29. It takes the value of the selected tool
Function M06 does not execute M19
Greater speed when executing several parametric blocks in a row.
Software version: 3.1 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual
Programming Manual
Section 3.3.8
Chapter 13
Installation Manual Section 3.3.5
Date:
FEATURE
March 1992
Bell-shape acceleration/deceleration control
Expansion of cross compensation
Rigid Tapping G84 R
Possibility to enter the sign of the leadscrew backlash for each axis
Independent execution of an axis
Software version: 4.1 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual Section 4.7
Installation Manual
Programming Manual
Installation Manual
Programming Manual
Section 4.10
G84
Section 4.9
G65
Date:
FEATURE
July 1993
Double cross compensation
Linear and bell-shaped acc./dec. ramp combination for the axes
Acceleration/deceleration control for the the spindle
Multiple arc pattern machining
Tool tip position display
The associated subroutine is executed before the T function
The additional circular sections of a compensated path are executed in G05 or G07
VGA monitor 8030 CNC.
Software version: 5.1 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Section 4.10
Section 4.7
Installation Manual
Programming Manual
Installation Manual
Section 5.
G64
Section 3.3.5
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Section 3.3.5
Section 3.3.8
Chapter 1
Date:
FEATURE
March 1995
Management of feedback with coded Io
Spindle inhibit by PLC
Handwheel management by PLC
Rapid (JOG) key simulation via PLC
Non-servo-controlled open-loop motors
Function G64, multiple machining in an arc.
To be selected by machine parameter.
Initialization of machine parameters after memory loss.
Software version: 5.3 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Section 4.6 & 6.5
Section 3.3.9
Section 3.3.3
Installation Manual
PLCI Manual
Applications Manual
Installation Manual Section 3.3.9
Date:
FEATURE
September 1995
512 Kb of part-program memory
When conditional input (block skip) active while in JOG mode, the key is ignored
Software version: 6.0 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Operating Manual Section 3.6
Installation Manual Section 1.3.6
INTRODUCTION
Introduction - 1
SAFETY CONDITIONS
Read the following safety measures in order to prevent damage to personnel, to this product and to those products connected to it.
This unit must only be repaired by personnel authorized by Fagor Automation.
Fagor Automation shall not be held responsible for any physical or material damage derived from the violation of these basic safety regulations.
Precautions against personal damage
Before powering the unit up, make sure that it is connected to ground
In order to avoid electrical discharges, make sure that all the grounding connections are properly made.
Do not work in humid environments
In order to avoid electrical discharges, always work under 90% of relative humidity
(non-condensing) and 45º C (113º F).
Do not work in explosive environments
In order to avoid risks, damage, do not work in explosive environments.
Precautions against product damage
Working environment
This unit is ready to be used in Industrial Environments complying with the directives and regulations effective in the European Community
Fagor Automation shall not be held responsible for any damage suffered or caused when installed in other environments (residential or homes).
Install the unit in the right place
It is recommended, whenever possible, to instal the CNC away from coolants, chemical product, blows, etc. that could damage it.
This unit complies with the European directives on electromagnetic compatibility.
Nevertheless, it is recommended to keep it away from sources of electromagnetic disturbance such as.
- Powerful loads connected to the same AC power line as this equipment.
- Nearby portable transmitters (Radio-telephones, Ham radio transmitters).
- Nearby radio / TC transmitters.
- Nearby arc welding machines
- Nearby High Voltage power lines
- Etc.
Ambient conditions
The working temperature must be between +5° C and +45° C (41ºF and 113º F)
The storage temperature must be between -25° C and 70° C. (-13º F and 158º F)
Introduction - 3
Protections of the unit itself
Central Unit
It carries two fast fuses of 3.15 Amp./ 250V. to protect the mains AC input.
All the digital inputs and outputs are protected by an external fast fuse (F) of 3.15
Amp./ 250V. against over voltage and reverse connection of the power supply.
Monitor
The type of fuse depends on the type of monitor. See the identification label of the unit.
Precautions during repair
Do not manipulate the inside of the unit
Only personnel authorized by Fagor Automation may manipulate the inside of this unit.
Do not manipulate the connectors with the unit connected to AC power.
Before manipulating the connectors (inputs/outputs, feedback, etc.) make sure that the unit is not connected to AC power.
Safety symbols
Symbols which may appear on the manual
WARNING. symbol
It has an associated text indicating those actions or operations may hurt people or damage products.
Symbols that may be carried on the product
WARNING. symbol
It has an associated text indicating those actions or operations may hurt people or damage products.
"Electrical Shock" symbol
It indicates that point may be under electrical voltage
"Ground Protection" symbol
It indicates that point must be connected to the main ground point of the machine as protection for people and units.
Introduction - 4
MATERIAL RETURNING TERMS
When returning the CNC, pack it in its original package and with its original packaging material. If not available, pack it as follows:
1.- Get a cardboard box whose three inside dimensions are at least 15 cm (6 inches) larger than those of the unit. The cardboard being used to make the box must have a resistance of 170 Kg (375 lb.).
2.- When sending it to a Fagor Automation office for repair, attach a label indicating the owner of the unit, person to contact, type of unit, serial number, symptom and a brief description of the problem.
3.- Wrap the unit in a polyethylene roll or similar material to protect it.
When sending the monitor, especially protect the CRT glass.
4.- Pad the unit inside the cardboard box with poly-utherane foam on all sides.
5.- Seal the cardboard box with packing tape or industrial staples.
Introduction - 5
FAGOR DOCUMENTATION
FOR THE 8025/30 M CNC
8025M CNC OEM Manual Is directed to the machine builder or person in charge of installing and starting up the CNC.
It contains 2 manuals:
Installation Manual
LAN Manual describing how to isntall and set-up the CNC.
describing how to instal the CNC in the Local
Area Network.
Sometimes, it may contain an additional manual describing New Software
Features recently implemented.
8025M CNC USER Manual Is directed to the end user or CNC operator.
It contains 3 manuals:
Operating Manual
Programming Manual
Applications Manual describing how to operate the CNC.
describing how to program the CNC.
describing other applications for this CNC non-specific of Milling machines
Sometimes, it may contain an additional manual describing New Software
Features recently implemented.
DNC 25/30 Software Manual Is directed to people using the optional DNC communications software.
DNC 25/30 Protocol Manual Is directed to people wishing to design their own DNC communications software to communicate with the 800 without using the DNC25/30 software..
PLCI Manual To be used when the CNC has an integrated PLC.
DNC-PLC Manual
FLOPPY DISK Manual
Is directed to the machine builder or person in charge of installing and starting up the PLCI.
Is directed to people using the optional communications software: DNC-PLC.
Is directed to people using the Fagor Floppy Disk Unit and it shows how to use it.
Introduction - 6
MANUAL CONTENTS
The operating manual consists of the following chapters:
Index
Comparison table of FAGOR models: 8025 M CNCs
New Features and modifications.
Introduction Safety conditions.
Material returning conditions.
FAGOR documentation for the 8025 M CNC.
Manual contents.
Overview
Front panel of the 8025 M CNC
Operating modes
0- Automatic
1- Single block
2- Play-back
3- Teach-in
4- Dry-run
5- Jog
6- Editor
7- Peripheral
8- Tool table and zero offset table
9- Special modes
Error codes
Introduction - 7
1. OVERVIEW
This manual contains the information required for the proper operation of the CNC.
It describes the controls fitted on both the keyboard and the front panel.
Also the CNC operating modes and the information displayed on the screen are explained.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 1
2. FRONT PANEL 8025/30 CNC
2.1. MONITOR/KEYBOARD FOR THE 8030 CNC
1.
Function keys (SOFT-KEYS)
2.
Alphanumeric keyboard for editing programs.
3.
ENTER. Allows information to be entered in the CNC memory, etc.
4.
RECALL. To access a program, a block within a program,etc.
5.
OP MODE. Allows a list of operating modes to be displayed on the screen. It is a previous step to accessing any of them.
6.
DELETE. It allows deletion of a complete program or a block of the programme.
Deletion of the graphic representation, etc.
2 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
7.
RESET. To revert the CNC to the initial conditions and recognise new machine parameter values, decoded M functions, etc.
8.
CL. To delete characters one by one during the editing process, etc.
9.
INS. Key which allows characters to be inserted during the edition of a program block.
10.
Arrow keys for moving cursor.
11.
Page up and page down keys.
12.
SP. Reserves a space between characters of a comment.
CAPS. Allows characters to be edited in capitals.
SHIFT. Allows characters to be edited which are found on keys with double meaning.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 3
2.2. CONTROL PANEL FOR THE 8030 CNC
1.
Emergency Button or Electronic Handwheel (optional)
2.
JOG keys for manual displacement of the axes.
3.
RAPID FEED button.
4.
Switch (M.F.O.), which allows a % variation of the programmed feedrate and to choose the different ways of working in the JOG MODE (continuous, incremental, electronic handwheel).
5. Spindle operating keys. Allow the spindle to be put into OPERATION and to STOP it, in the JOG operating mode. The and keys allow a % variation of the programmed turning speed of the spindle during operation.
6.
START. Cycle START key.
7.
STOP. Cycle STOP key.
4 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
2.3. MONITOR/KEYBOARD/CONTROL PANEL FOR THE 8025 CNC
1.
Function keys (SOFT-KEYS)
2.
Alphanumeric keyboard for editing programs.
3.
ENTER. Allows information to be entered in the CNC memory, etc.
4.
RECALL. To access a program, a block within a program,etc.
5.
OP MODE. Allows a list of operating modes to be displayed on the screen. It is a previous step to accessing any of them.
6.
DELETE. It allows deletion of a complete program or a block of the programme. Deletion of the graphic representation, etc.
7.
RESET. To revert the CNC to the initial conditions and recognise new machine parameter values, decoded M functions, etc.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 5
8.
CL. To delete characters one by one during the editing process, etc.
9.
INS. Key which allows characters to be inserted during the edition of a program block.
10. Arrow keys for moving the cursor.
11. Page up and page down keys.
12. SP. Reserves a space between characters of a comment.
CAPS. Allows characters to be edited in capitals.
SHIFT. Allows characters to be edited which are found on keys with double meaning.
13. JOG keys for manual displacement of the axes.
14. RAPID FEED button.
15. Switch (M.F.O.), which allows a % variation of the programmed feed and to choose the different ways of working in the JOG MODE (continuous, incremental, electronic handwheel).
16. Spindle operating keys. Allow the spindle to be put into OPERATION and to STOP it, in the JOG operating mode. The and keys allow a % variation of the programmed turning speed of the spindle during operation.
17. START. Cycle START key.
18. STOP. Cycle STOP key.
6 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
2.4. SELECTION OF COLORS
Whenever the CNC is fitted with a COLOR MONITOR, it is possible to choose the set of colors one wishes to appear on the screen.
Colors are selected by means of the designation of values to the Machine Parameter P619 bits
(2) and (1).
P619 (2) P619(1)
0
0
1
0
1
0
Monitor
Monitor
Combination 1
Combination 2
Each of the combinations, 1 and 2, are a group of 3 different colors to distinguish the characters displayed.
2.5. Cancellation of the MONITOR DISPLAY
In any of the Modes of Operation of the CNC, it is possible to blank the MONITOR out.
First of all, it is necessary to press the key and then the key .
To restore the display just press any key.
In this case, the STOP key , in addition to recovering the last display, stops the possible running of the CNC.
The display is also recovered when a message is received from the PLC64 or from the PLCI.
2.6. FUNCTION KEYS (SOFT KEYS)
The CNC has 7 function keys (F1/F7), placed under the screen, which allow the user to operate with the CNC comfortably and quickly.
Their meaning will be displayed on the screen just above the corresponding function keys and will be different in each of the situations and modes of operation.
Throughout the manual the meaning of the F1/F7 keys which must be pressed in each case, will be indicated in square brackets [].
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 7
8
3. OPERATING MODES
The CNC has 10 different operating modes:
0. AUTOMATIC : Execution of programs in a continuous cycle.
1. SINGLE BLOCK : Execution of part programs block by block.
2. PLAY-BACK : Creation of a program in memory while the machine is being operated manually.
3. TEACH-IN :
- Creation and execution of a block without entering it into memory.
- Creation, execution and entering of a block into memory; thus a program is created while being executed block by block.
4. DRY RUN : To check programs before actual execution of the first part.
5. JOG/HOME SEARCH :
- Manual movement of the machine.
- Machine-reference. (Home search).
- Presetting of any value and zero-setting the axes.
- Entering and executing of F,S,M.
- Setting initial conditions of the tool magazine.
- Handwheel operation.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
6. EDITING
Creation, modification and checking of blocks, programs and subroutines.
7. INPUT-OUTPUT
Transferring programs or machine-parameters from/to peripherals.
8. TOOL OFFSETS/ G53-G59
Input, modification and checking of the dimensions (radius and length) of up to
100 tools and of zero offsets (G53-G59).
9. SPECIAL MODES
- General testing of the CNC.
- Verification of inputs and outputs.
- Setting of decoded M functions.
- Setting of machine-parameters.
- Input of values for leadscrew error compensation.
- Operate with the PLC.
By means of these operating modes it is possible to program the CNC, produce parts in a continuous run, work block by block and work manually.
Sequence for obtaining these operating modes:
- Press OP MODE: The list of 10 modes will appear on the screen.
- Press the number of the desired operating mode.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 9
3.1. 0 MODE: AUTOMATIC (Continuous cycle)
1 MODE: SINGLE BLOCK
The only difference between these two modes is that in single block mode (1), each time a block is executed the CYCLE START button has to be pressed to continue executing the program, whereas in automatic mode (0) the cycle is continuous.
3.1.1. Execution of a program
The execution of a program requires the following steps:
3.1.1.1. Selection of the AUTOMATIC operating mode (0).
SINGLE BLOCK (1)
Press OP MODE : The list of 10 operating modes appears on the screen.
Press 0/1 key : The standard display corresponding to this operating mode appears; i.e. in the upper left-hand section of the screen the message AUTOMAT/SINGLE BLOCK followed by the number of the program P —— and the number of the first block to be executed N ——.
3.1.1.2. Selection of the program to be executed
Whenever a program number is wanted other than that appearing on the screen, the following sequence should be followed:
- Press the P key
- Key in the number of the desired program
- Press RECALL
The new program selected will appear on the screen, if it exists. If not, the screen will display:
N*
10 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.1.1.3. Selection of the first block to be executed
Once a program has been selected, the number of the first block to be executed appears to the right of the program number.
If you wish to begin with a different block, the following procedure should be followed:
- Press the N key
- Key in the number of the block
- Press RECALL
The new number is displayed on the screen together with the contents of this block and those of the subsequent blocks.
3.1.1.4. Display of the contents of the blocks
To display the contents of the blocks prior or subsequent to those appearing on the screen:
- Press
- Press
: The previous blocks are displayed
: The next blocks are displayed
Atention:
The program always starts with the block whose number appears to the right of the program number, regardless of which ones are displayed on the screen.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 11
3.1.1.5. Cycle Start
- Press
.
Once the program and block number have been selected, just press this key to execute the program in AUTOMATIC or the block in SINGLE BLOCK.
.
If the program contains any conditional block it will be executed when the relevant input is activated (see INSTALLATION AND START-UP MANUAL). If it is not activated, the
CNC will disregard such block.
.
During the time that the fast travel button is pressed carrying out a movement in G01, G02, or G03, the percentage of the feedrate will be 200% of the programmed feedrate, whenever the machine parameter P606(2) has a value equal to zero. This will happen when the external input START is activated, if parameter P609(7) = 1.
.
In the SINGLE BLOCK mode all those blocks which are programmed with parameters will be executed by the FAGOR CNC as if they were a single BLOCK, whenever these are in canned cycles.
3.1.1.6. Cycle stop
- Press
The CNC stops the execution of the block in progress. To resume the cycle just press .
The cycle is also stopped by means of:
- Codes M00,M02,M30,M06 [M06 depending on parameter P601(8)].
- Code M01 when the relevant input is activated.
- The external signal FEED HOLD (the cycle continues when the signal disappears)
- The external signal EMERGENCY STOP (in this case the program must be restarted, since the CNC is reset to initial state).
- The external STOP signal
If machine parameter P727 has a value between 1 and 99, when the external STOP input is activated while running a program, the CNC will interrupt the program and jump to execute the standard subroutine corresponding to the number assigned to P727.
12 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.1.1.7. Changing the operating mode
It is possible, at any time during the execution of a cycle in AUTOMATIC mode, to switch to SINGLE BLOCK mode or vice versa. To do so:
- Press OP MODE. The listing of operating modes will appear on the screen.
- Press 1/0 (depending on the execution mode).
If any number other than 1/0 is pressed, the CNC returns to the previous position.
3.1.2. Display Modes
The display modes in AUTOMATIC or in SINGLE BLOCK are:
. STANDARD
. CURRENT POSITION
. FOLLOWING ERROR
. ARITHMETICAL PARAMETERS
. SUBROUTINE STATUS
. GRAPHICS
. EDITOR (BACKGROUND)
. PLC/LAN
. TOOL COMPENSATION
. TOOL INSPECTION
. PLC MESSAGES
3.1.2.1. Selection of display mode.
By pressing the function keys (F1/F7), placed under the screen, the user can select the desired mode which appears displayed just above the corresponding function key.
By means of the [ETC] key, other function keys which are not displayed can be accessed.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 13
3.1.2.2. STANDARD display mode.
This mode is automatically imposed on selecting the AUTOMATIC or SINGLE BLOCK mode of operation.
Information displayed on screen.
.
Upper part. The message AUTOMATIC or SINGLE BLOCK and then the number of the program, of the first block to run or the one which is being run. Underneath, the contents of the first block of the programme or of the block being run and the following (2 or 3).
.
Central part. Under the titles COMMAND, ACTUAL and TO GO appear the axis arrival dimensions, the current position and those still to travel, respectively.
.
Lower part. The programmed values of F and S appear and their %, as well as the list of activated G, T and M functions.
This part of the screen also displays messages sent to the CNC from the PLC, programmed comments, as well as the meaning of the function keys.
14 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.1.2.3. ACTUAL POSITION display mode.
The position of the axes is displayed with large characters. The number of the programme, the block, the status of the G, M, T, S and F functions, as well as PLC messages, if any, comments and the meaning of the function keys, are also displayed.
3.1.2.4. FOLLOWING ERROR display mode.
The axis following error is displayed, as well as the programme number, the block number, the status of the G, M, T, S and F functions, as well as PLC messages, if any, comments and the meaning of the function keys, are also displayed.
3.1.2.5. ARITHMETIC PARAMETERS display mode.
If the [PARAMETERS] function key is pressed, on the upper part of the screen a list of parameters will appear with their corresponding value at that moment. By pressing either of the keys and the remaining parameters will appear with their values.
For example:
P46 = -1724.9281
P47 = -.10842021 E2
E-2 means ten to the power of minus two.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 15
3.1.2.6. SUBROUTINE STATUS, CLOCK AND PARTS COUNTER display mode.
Identical to the STANDARD display mode, except that instead of the following blocks to be run, the subroutines which are active at that moment appear with the following format:
Standard subroutines : N2.2
Subroutine number Number of times still to be run
Parametric subroutines : P2.2
Subroutine number Number of times still to be run
Repetition of subprograms (G25):
G25.2
Indicates that it is a Number of times still to be run repetition of a subprogram by means of a G25, G26, G27,G28 or
G29 function.
Should there be any active canned cycle it is also displayed with the following format:
G2.2
Canned cycle code Number of times still to be run
The following also appears on the screen in this display mode:
The CLOCK which indicates in hours, minutes and seconds the operation time of the CNC in the AUTOMATIC, SINGLE BLOCK, TEACH IN and DRY RUN modes.
When the running of a program is interrupted or finished, the counting of the clock is also interrupted.
16 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
To reset the clock, push the DELETE button and then the function key [TIME], this clock being displayed on the screen.
On the right, the clock appears with 4 digits THE PARTS NO. COUNTER.
This counter increments one unit every time the CNC runs the M30 function or the M02 function.
To reset the parts no. counter the DELETE key must be pressed and then the function key
[PART COUNT], this counter being displayed on the screen.
HOURS SECONDS PARTS
MINUTES COUNTER
3.1.2.7. GRAPHICS display mode.
This mode is used for the graphic representation of the program and an explanation of it appears in paragraph 3.10 of this MANUAL.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 17
3.1.3. Programming while running a program. BACKGROUND.
The CNC allows the edition of a new program while it is running a cycle in AUTOMATIC mode or in SINGLE BLOCK mode. For this:
Press the function key [BACKGROUND EDIT]
The P ----- program number which appears corresponds to the number of the last program which was edited.
If the OP MODE key is pressed, we return to the Standard Display Mode.
The remaining operations are identical to those in the EDITOR (6).
Atention:
It is not possible to work (edit, correct, etc.) with the program which is being run. It is recommended to give programs numbers which have not been previously stored in the memory, as if the programme which is being run contains calls to subroutines of other programs, there could be problems.
Specifically the 001 error may be generated. During an editing operation, the
AUTOMATIC mode controls and keys or those of the SINGLE BLOCK mode remain active.
3.1.4. PLC/LAN mode.
When the [PLC] function key is pressed, access is gained to the main menu of the PLC and the LOCAL AREA NETWORK without any need for stopping the execution of the program.
(See the FAGOR PLC 64/INTEGRATED manual).
If the OP MODE key is pressed, we return to the STANDARD Display Mode.
18 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.1.5. Verification and modification of the values of the tool offset table without stopping the cycle.
- Press the function key [TOOL OFFSETS]
- Key in the number of the offset desired (00-99).
- Press RECALL.
The values of the offset which has been called will appear on the screen.
Underneath and to the right, the letter I will appear.
If it is wished to modify the value of the I on the table, the amount which it is wished to add or subtract is keyed in.
The value keyed in appears on the right of the I.
- Press K
- Key in the value to be added or subtracted
- Press ENTER
Once the values of the tool offset table have been introduced, press the key [END] to return to the standard display.
3.1.6. Tool inspection.
If during the running of a program it is wished to inspect or change a tool, the procedure to follow is indicated below: a) Press
The programme being run will be interrupted and on the upper right-hand side of the screen the message INTERRUPTED shall appear.
b) Press the function key [TOOL INSPEC].
At this time, M05 is run.
On the screen, there will appear:
JOG KEYS AVAILABLE
EXIT
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 19
c) By means of the JOG keys, the axes can be moved to the desired point.
The TOOL INSPECTION sequence allows the spindle to start and stop during the removal of the tool, by means of the spindle operating keys situated on the Control panel.
d) Once the tool has been inspected or changed:
Press [CONTINUE] (According to the situation when [TOOL INSPEC] is pressed, M03 or M04 are executed).
The screen will show:
RETURN
AXES NOT POSITIONED
(Axes which have been moved manually).
By means of the JOG keys the axes are taken to the position in which the cycle was interrupted. The CNC will not allow this position to be passed.
When the axes are in position, on the screen there will appear:
RETURN
AXES NOT POSITIONED
NONE e) Press
The cycle will continue normally.
20 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.1.7. CNC reset
In AUTOMATIC and SINGLE BLOCK operating modes, when the RESET key is pressed twice, the CNC is reset to switch-on conditions.
When the RESET key is pressed the first time, the blinking message RESET? will appear on the screen. If RESET is not desired, press CL to cancel it.
3.1.8. Display and deletion of messages sent by the FAGOR PLC 64
The CNC operates with the FAGOR PLC and the latter sends messages for display on the
CNC, it is possible to access to a table of messages which are active at that moment.
The CNC always displays the message with most priority, if there is more than one active message, the + sign will be highlighted (displayed in reverse video).
To display the table, it is necessary to press the [PLC MESSAGES] function key.
If there is such a number of messages that they occupy more than one screen, by pressing keys and it is possible to display these.
One of the messages will appear highlighted indicating that it can be deleted from the table by pressing the DELETE key.
When a deletion is made in this way, the CNC will deactivate the MARK corresponding to the
PLC which sent the message.
To select the message to delete the and keys must be used.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 21
3.2. MODE 2: PLAY-BACK
This method of programming is basically the same as the EDITOR mode, except with regard to programming the values of the coordinates.
It allows the machine to be operated manually and the coordinate values reached to be entered as program coordinates. The execution of a program requires the following steps:
3.2.1. Selection of the operating mode PLAY-BACK
- Press OP MODE
- Press key 2
The meaning of the function keys to operate in this mode will appear on the screen.
3.2.2. Locking/Unlocking of memory
Same as section 3.6.2. in EDITING mode.
3.2.3. Deletion of a complete program
Same as section 3.6.3. in EDITING mode.
3.2.4. Change of program number
Same as section 3.6.4. in EDITING mode.
3.2.5. Display and search of memorized subroutines
Same as section 3.6.5. in EDITING mode.
3.2.6. Selection of a program
Same as section 3.6.6. in EDITING mode.
22 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.2.7. Creating a program
The creation of a program in PLAY BACK mode is the same as in EDITING mode except that the axes can be moved by means of the JOG keys. The axis coordinate values are displayed at the bottom of the screen.
In a block which only contains the coordinates of one point, after using the JOG keys to move the axes, press ENTER and the coordinates of the point will be stored in the memory. Every time the ENTER key is pressed, the coordinates of the point according to the 3 active axes at that moment will be stored in memory.
In order to activate an axis which is not active at that time, the key of the corresponding axis
(X,Y,Z,W,V) must be pressed.
If in addition to the coordinates of a point it is desired to write into the block further information such as G,S,M,T functions etc., each time the key of the corresponding axis is pressed the CNC will take as the value of the axis the coordinate at which the machine is at that moment.This
method of editing is highly practical when creating a program for copying a part using functions
G08 and G09.
When G08 has been written into a block requiring it, use the JOG keys to move the machine to the end point of the tangent arc to the previous path, then press ENTER and the block will be stored in the memory.
When G09 has been written into a block which requires it, use the JOG keys to move the machine to an intermediate point on the arc and press the ENTER key. The CNC will take the coordinates as those of the intermediate point on the arc. Then move the machine to the end point of the arc and once the ENTER key has been pressed the block will be stored in the memory.
Atention:
If the value 1 is entered in the machine-parameter P610(3), the START input is equivalent to ENTER key in PLAY-BACK operating mode.
3.2.8. Deletion of a block
Same as in EDITING mode (6).
3.2.9. Copy a program
Same as in EDITING mode (6).
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 23
3.3. MODE 3: TEACH-IN
This method of programming is basically the same as the EDITING mode, except that the blocks which are written may be executed before being entered into memory. This enables a part to be produced block by block while it is being programmed.
The execution of a program requires the following steps:
3.3.1. Selection of the operating mode TEACH-IN (3)
- Press OP MODE
- Press key 3
The meaning of the function keys to operate in this mode will appear on the screen.
3.3.2. Locking/Unlocking of memory
Same as section 3.6.2. in EDITING mode.
3.3.3. Deletion of a complete program
Same as section 3.6.3. in EDITING mode.
3.3.4. Change of program number
Same as section 3.6.4. in EDITING mode.
3.3.5. Display and search of memorized subroutines
Same as section 3.6.5. in EDITING mode.
3.3.6. Selection of a program
Same as section 3.6.6. in EDITING mode.
24 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.3.7. Creation of a program
Same as section 3.6.7. in EDITING mode except that the block may be executed before pressing ENTER. To do this:
- Press . The CNC executes the block.
- If it is correct, it may be recorded in memory by pressing ENTER.
- If it is incorrect, press DELETE.
- Rewrite the block.
Atention:
On pressing , the CNC executes the block and the display mode changes to AUTOMATIC mode.
By pressing ENTER or DELETE the display returns to the TEACH- IN display mode.
When the blocks are executed, the CNC retains the sequence of the completed blocks.
Radius compensation cannot be performed in this mode.
If a subroutine is called, the CNC will execute all its blocks.
In machining centers, when M06 is programmed, the CNC will execute all the movements associated with tool change.
3.3.8. Deletion of a block
Same as in EDITING mode (6).
3.3.9.Copy a program.
Same as in EDITING mode (6).
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 25
3.4. MODE 4: DRY RUN
This operating mode is used for testing a program in a dry run before producing the first part.
3.4.1. Execution of a program
The execution of a program requires the following steps:
3.4.1.1. Selection of the operating mode DRY RUN (4)
- Press OP MODE
- Press key 4. The screen will display:
DRY RUN
0 - G FUNCTIONS
1 - G,S,T,M FUNCTIONS
2 - MAIN PLANE MOVE
3 - RAPID MOVE
4 - THEORETICAL PATH
0 - G FUNCTIONS
The CNC will only execute the programmed G functions.
1 - G,S,T,M FUNCTIONS
The CNC will only execute the programmed G,S,T,M functions.
2 - MOVEMENT ON THE MAIN PLANE
The CNC will execute the G,S,T,M functions plus the movements on the main plane.
26 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
Three-axis machine
XY plane (G17)
XZ plane (G18)
YZ plane (G19)
Four (five) -axis machine a) If W (V) is incompatible with X
XY or WY (VY) plane (G17)
YZ or WZ (VZ) plane (G18)
YZ plane (G19) b) If W (V) is incompatible with Y
XY or XW (VX) plane (G17)
XZ plane (G18)
YZ or WZ (VZ) plane (G19) c) If W (V) is incompatible with Z
XY plane (G17)
XZ or XW (XV) plane (G18)
YZ or YW (YV) plane (G19)
- The movements are carried out to maximum programmable feedrate (F0), whatever the programmed F’s may be.
- The % Feedrate may be varied with the Feedrate Override (M.F.O.) switch.
3 - RAPID TRAVERSE
The CNC will execute the program completely. The movements are executed at max.
programmable Feedrate (F0) regardless of the F’s programmed. The Feedrate Override allows the % feed to be varied.
It should be borne in mind that if machine parameters P721, P722, P723, P728 are activated the
Acceleration/Deceleration control will also be applied in F0, avoiding the generation of following errors.
4 - THEORETICAL PATH
The CNC will execute the program without moving the axes and without taking tool compensation into account.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 27
3.4.1.1.1. Selection of execution mode
- Key-in the desired number.
- The selected line will appear on the screen completed.
FINAL BLOCK:
N
Will be displayed at the bottom of the screen.
There are two possibilities: a) If it is desired to run the entire program selected.
- Press ENTER b) If it is desired to run the program as far as a specific block:
- Key-in the number of the last block whose execution in
Dry Run mode is desired including the execution of this block. If this block includes the definition in a canned cycle, it will only be executed until it is positioned at the starting point in the cycle.
- Press ENTER
- The letter P will appear on the screen.
- Enter the number of the program where the final block is located and then press
ENTER. If the number of the program is the one already selected, just press ENTER.
- The symbol # will be displayed.
- After this symbol, enter the number of times that the previous block must be repeated.
(Maximum value 9999.)
- Finally press ENTER.
In both cases, a) and b), the screen will display the same information as in AUTOMATIC and
SINGLE BLOCK.
28 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.4.1.2. Selection of the program to be executed
Same as section 3.1.1.2.
3.4.1.3. Selection of starting block
Same as section 3.1.1.3.
3.4.1.4. Display of the contents of the blocks
Same as section 3.1.1.4.
3.4.1.5. Cycle start
Same as section 3.1.1.5.
3.4.1.6. Cycle stop
Same as section 3.1.1.6.
3.4.1.7. Change of operation mode
At any time during the execution of a cycle in the DRY RUN operating mode, it can be switched to the operating modes AUTOMATIC or SINGLE BLOCK. To do this:
- Press OP MODE: The operating mode list will appear.
- Press 0 or 1.
If any number other than 0 or 1 is pressed, the CNC will return to the DRY RUN mode.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 29
3.4.1.8. Tool inspection
Same as section 3.1.6.
3.4.2. Display modes
Same as section 3.1.2. except BACKGROUND EDITING which is not available.
Regardless of the form of execution selected, the CNC will always examine the program as it executes it and will indicate possible programming errors.
If during the execution of a program in DRY RUN mode we change to AUTOMATIC or
SINGLE BLOCK mode, one more block is executed in DRY RUN mode before changing over to the mode selected, recovering in the first block of this new mode the position corresponding to the point in the program in which the machine finds itself.
In DRY RUN operating mode, by pressing the RESET key twice, the CNC is reset to poweron conditions. The first time RESET is pressed, the message RESET? flashes at the top righthand side of the screen; if it is not desired to carry out RESET, press the CL key.
30 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.5. MODE 5: JOG
This operating mode is used for:
- Jogging the axes.
- Searching for the machine-reference points of the axes
- Presetting values on the axes
- Entering or executing F,S,M
- Operating as a readout
- Displaying/changing the RANDOM table
- RESETting the CNC (return to initial conditions).
- Handwheel operation.
- Measure and load the length of tools in the tool offset table, using a touch probe.
- Starting and stopping the spindle.
3.5.1. Selection of the JOG operating mode (5)
- Press OP MODE
- Press key 5
The coordinates of the axes will appear on the screen in large characters.
In 5 axis machines, to display the axis which is not active, the corresponding key, i.e., W or V, must be pressed.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 31
3.5.2. Search for machine reference axis by axis
- Once the JOG operating mode is displayed, press the key corresponding to the axis to be referenced. In the lower lefthand side of the screen X,Y,Z,W, or V will appear according to the key pressed.
- Press [HOME] (ZERO). To the right of the axis letter will appear HOME SEARCH?.
- Press The axis will move at a feedrate selected by means of machine-parameter toward the machine-reference point. On pressing the reference microswitch, it will change to a feedrate of 100 mm/min. On receiving the machine-reference pulse from the feedback system, it will stop, setting the counter to the value set as machine-parameter (P119, P219, P319, P419,
P519).
If the reference microswitch was pressed when pressing Cycle Start , the axis will withdraw until the microswitch is released. Then the search will be carried out normally.
To cancel the machine reference search before pressing Cycle Start must be pressed.
the CL key
To cancel the search after pressing Cycle Start , Cycle Stop must be pressed.
3.5.3. Presetting a coordinate value
- Once displayed, press the key of the axis on which the preset is required.
- Key in the required value.
- Press ENTER. The new value will appear on the screen.
To cancel the preset, before pressing ENTER, operate CL as many times as characters to be deleted.
32 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.5.4. Jogging the axes
3.5.4.1. Continuous movement
- Front panel (M.F.O.) switch in any position of the % FEEDRATE zone.
- According to the axis and the direction in which it is desired to move, the JOG key corresponding to this axis must be pressed:
- As established by means of the machine-parameter:
. (P12=Y). Releasing the key, the movement is stopped.
. (P12=N). Two possibilities:
- Press to stop the movement.
or.
- Press another JOG key.
To reverse or transfer the movement of one axis to another.
Atention:
On selecting the JOG operating mode the feedrate F0 (defined by parameter P830) remains selected. If this parameter is 0, then
P 1 1 0 , P 2 1 0 , P 3 1 0 , P 4 1 0 a n d P 5 1 0 , c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o a x e s
X,Y,Z,(W),(V), respectively, will determine the max. feedrate for each axis in the JOG mode.
Rapid feed of an axis in JOG mode can be obtained while pressing the
RAPID FEED key .
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 33
3.5.4.2. Incremental movement
- Front panel M.F.O. switch in the JOG zone.
- Press any of the following keys:
The axis will move in the direction chosen, a distance equal to that indicated on the knob position:
Atention: a) On selecting the JOG operating mode the feedrate F0 (defined by parameter P830) remains selected. If this parameter is 0, then
P110,P210,P310,P410 and P510, corresponding to axes
X,Y,Z,(W),(V), respectively, will determine the max. feedrate for each axis in the JOG mode.
Rapid feed of an axis in JOG mode can be obtained while pressing the
RAPID FEED key .
b) The positions of the knob are 1,10,100,1000 and 10000, and indicate the value of the movement in microns or in 0.0001 inches. This value can be limited to 1000 microns or 10000 (of 0.1 or 1 inches) by P609(6).
3.5.5. Entering F,S and M
The required values of F,S and M may be entered in this operating mode.
3.5.5.1. Entering an F value
- Press the F key
- Key in the required value
- Press
34 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.5.5.2. Entering an S value
- Press the S key
- Key in the required value
- Press
3.5.5.3. Entering an M value
- Press the M key
- Key in the required value
- Press
Atention:
Except for M41,M42,M43 and M44 which are automatically generated by the
CNC when an S value requiring range change is programmed.
3.5.6. Operation of the CNC as a readout
Once the JOG operating mode is selected, if the external MANUAL input is activated, the CNC acts as a readout.
In this case, the machine has to be moved by means of external controls and the analog signals must be generated outside the CNC.The S and M functions may be entered in this form of operation.
If when operating in this mode, the software travel limits (set via machine-parameters) are overrun, the CNC will send the relevant error code and will only allow the machine to be moved to bring it back to the permitted zone.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 35
3.5.7. Change of measurement units
Every time the key I is pressed the measurement units change from mm to inches and viceversa.
3.5.8. Handwheel operation
When an electronic handwheel is fitted, with this option the axes can, one at a time, be moved manually. For this:
- Select the JOG operation mode.
- Turn the front knob to one of the positions.
- Press any of the two JOG keys which correspond to the axis to be moved by the
Handwheel. If a FAGOR Handwheel (mod 100 P) is used, the axis can also be selected by means of the built-in selector button; the relevant axis will be displayed in reverse video on the CRT.
- Turn the Handwheel, the axis will move according to the setting of the relevant machineparameter multiplied by the factor selected with the switch (X1,X10,X100). It should be borne in mind that if we wish to move an axis at a speed of over G00 corresponding to this axis, the CNC will assume this as maximum, ignoring additional pulses. In this way the generation of following errors is avoided.
To change the axis being jogged:
- Press any of the two JOG keys of the new axis or the axis selector button if a FAGOR
Handwheel (mod 100 P) is used.
- Turn the Handwheel.
To end the Handwheel operation.
- Turn the M.F.O. switch to any other position or press the STOP key or keep the axis selector button pressed until the CRT stops blinking the selected axis, if a FAGOR
Handwheel (mod 100 P) is used.
36 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.5.9. Display/Modification of RANDOM table
I) Display of tool table
It is possible to display at any time the situation of the tool in the magazine. To do so, first select the JOG operating mode and then:
- Press T. It will appear at the bottom of the screen.
- Key in the number of the tool to be displayed.
- Press RECALL. Pxx will appear to the right of the tool number keyed in. The xx(00-99) indicates the position which the tool occupies in the magazine.
- Once a tool has been displayed, the keys can be used to display those preceding or following it.
Atention:
If P00 appears, it means that the tool is actually in the spindle.
If P99 appears, it means that the tool is in the tool changer or M06 has not been executed yet.
If T00 is keyed in, the CNC seeks out the free position in the magazine.
II) Modification of the table
First select the JOG operating mode and then:
- Press T. It will appear at the bottom of the screen.
- Key in the number of the tool to be modified.
- Press P. Key in the store position number which is to be assigned to the preselected tool.
- Press ENTER.
Atention:
When it is a NON-RANDOM magazine, the only changes allowed on the table are:
- Txx Pxx (assigns position Pxx to tool Txx)
- Txx P0 (assigns the position of the spindle to tool Txx)
- Txx P99 (assigns the position of the Tool changer to tool Txx)
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 37
When trying to key any other sequence, the CNC will respond with ? indicating that such sequence is not possible. Press CL to continue.
.
If P00 is keyed in, it means that the tool goes to the spindle.
.
If P99 is keyed in, it indicates that the tool is in the tool changer. When it is confirmed that a tool is in the spindle (P00), the indication that the tool is in the tool changer (P99) is cancelled.
Therefore, if we wish to confirm both positions to the CNC, it must be told which tool occupies the spindle position before “telling” which tool occupies the tool changer.
.
If T00 is keyed in, the free position is assigned to it.
.
If once the replacing tool has been selected by means of Txx.xx and before executing M06 the EMERGENCY error or power failure occurs, it is possible to indicate which tool is in the tool changer by carrying out the following sequence:
- Select the JOG operating mode.
- Key in T and the number of the tool in the tool changer.
- Key in P99.
- Press ENTER.
III) Special tools
Also, In machines with automatic tool changer some tools may occupy more than one position in the magazine. Follow this sequence in order to indicate the CNC which tools are special: a) Initialize the tool magazine by executing the following sequence in TEACH-IN mode.
T99.xx
CYCLE START b) Go into JOG mode and enter the special tools by keying in:
Txx (number of the tool)
S
ENTER
This way, when the position of a special tool is displayed, it will appear:
Txx Pxx S
38 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
c) The CNC will automatically assign the two positions next to the one entered (the one before and the one after). So, if by doing this, another “normal” tool has been cancelled,it must be reentered by keying:
Txx (Tool number)
Pxx (Position number)
ENTER
To redefine a special tool as “normal”:
Txx
N
ENTER
Atention:
If an improper programming of tool change originates error code 053 the process to resume the operation is the following:
- Select JOG operation mode.
- Key in the number of the tool located in the spindle.
- Key-in P00.
- Press ENTER.
This way, the number of the tool presently engaged in the spindle has been confirmed to the CNC.
In JOG operating mode, pressing the RESET key returns the CNC to poweron conditions.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 39
3.5.10. Measuring and loading of tool offsets with a probe.
With this CNC, in the JOG mode the tool dimensions can be quickly measured and loaded with a probe. To do this, a tool measuring probe must be installed with its sides parallel to the axes and in an established position on the machine.
The values on the sides of the probe on each axis and with respect to the machine reference zero must be entered in the following parameters:
P910 minimum (X1) value along the X axis
P911 maximum (X2) value along the X axis
P912 minimum (Y1) value along the Y axis
P913 maximum (Y2) value along the Y axis
P914 minimum (Z1) value along the Z axis
P915 maximum (Z2) value along the Z axis
40 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
The sequence to be followed is:
1- Press the [TOOL MEASUREMENT] key.
2- Place the tool to be measured in the tool holder.
3- Move the tool with the JOG keys up to a position close to the probe side to be touched.
4- Select the tool offset number by keying in: Txx START
5- Press the JOG key that indicates in which direction the axis must be moved to carry out the probing movement. The feedrate is established by P804.
6- Once the probing is done, the machine stops and the CNC loads in the corresponding position of the tool offset table the L value measured; setting to zero the K value.
7- Once the measured tool has been removed, repeat from step 2 to load the rest of the tools.
The FEEDRATE override knob has no effect during the probing movements and is set to
100%
To go back to the JOG mode, press the [TOOL MEASUREMENT] key.
3.5.11. Spindle operating keys.
By means of these keys on the front panel, the spindle can be started in both directions as well as stopping the spindle from turning, as long as the corresponding S has been programmed, without need for executing M3,M4 or M5.
By means of the med.
and keys it is possible to vary the S turning speed % program-
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 41
3.6. MODE 6: EDITING
This is the fundamental operating mode for programming the CNC. In this mode programs, subroutines as well as separate blocks may be written, amended and deleted.
The method of working in this operating mode is as follows:
3.6.1. Selection of the EDITOR (6) operating mode:
- Press OP MODE
- Press key 6
The meaning of the function keys to operate in the MODE will appear on the screen.
3.6.2. Locking/Unlocking of memory
- Press [LOCK/UNLOCK MEMORY]. CODE appears on the screen:
- Key in: MKJIY to lock the memory.
MKJIN to unlock the memory.
- Press ENTER.
Atention: a) In the event of keying in any code other than those indicated, when pressing
ENTER, the said code will be erased, with the CNC waiting for the correct code.
b) Locking the memory implies not being able to alter the programs, but they can be displayed.
42 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.6.3. Part-program directory
- Press [PROGram DIRectory]. The CNC shows a list of up to 7 part-programs with their sizes (in characters) as well as the total free memory available.
Also, if the first block of each program has a comment, it will appear next to the program size.
Example: PROG.
00001
00002
CHAR.
42
115
PART 1
PART 2
28513 free characters
Atention:
When having more than 7 programs in memory, use the scroll them up and down.
keys to
3.6.3.1.
Delete a complete program
- Press [PROG DIR]. T he screen will show: DELETE PROGRAM.
- Press DELETE. The message DELETE PROGRAM appears on the screen.
- Key in the number of the program to be deleted. Check the number. If the number is correct, press ENTER.
If the number is not correct:
- Press the CL key. We cancel the number with this key.
- Key-in the correct number.
- Press ENTER.
Atention:
If the [CONTINUE] key is pressed during this sequence, access is obtained to the original display of this MODE.
DELETION OF ALL PROGRAMS
If all the programs in the memory must be deleted, key-in 99999 when DELETE PROGRAM is displayed, and then press ENTER; if the key Y is pressed immediately afterwards, all the programs except the one identified by parameter P802 will be deleted.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 43
3.6.4. Change of program number
- Press [PROG RENAME]. The screen will display:
OLD:P
- Key in the existing number of the program whose number is to be modified. It will be displayed to the right of P.
- Press ENTER. The screen will then display:
NEW: P
- Key in the new number allocated to this program. It will be displayed to the right of P.
- Press ENTER. The change of number has been completed.
If there is no program recorded under the old number, the screen will display:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P ——-
DOES NOT EXIST IN MEMORY
- If there is a program already with that number, the screen will display:
ALREADY EXISTS IN MEMORY.
Atention:
During this sequence if the [CONTINUE] key is pressed, access is obtained to the original display of this MODE.
3.6.5. Display and search of subroutines stored in memory
- By pressing [STANDARD SUBROUTINE DIRECTORY] or [PARAMETER SUB-
ROUTINE DIRECTORY] all the subroutines, standard or parametric, recorded in the
CNC memory are displayed.
- To find out which programs contain the subroutines displayed on the screen, key in the subroutine number and press RECALL.
The number of the program where this subroutine is found will appear on screen.
To repeat the process for another subroutine, press DELETE or the [SUBRTS] key and repeat the previous sequence.
Atention:
During this sequence, if the [CONTINUE] key is pressed, the access is gained to the original display of this MODE.
44 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.6.6. Selection of a program
- If the number of the required program is the one which appears on the screen when the EDIT operating mode is selected, to obtain it just press [CONTINUE].
- If a different program is wanted :
- Press the [PROGRAM SELECTION] key.
- Key in the program number.
- Press [CONTINUE]. The program selected will appear on the screen.
3.6.7. Creating a program
If there is a program in the CNC’s memory with the same number as the one to be recorded, there are two methods for recording the new program:
- Completely erase the existing program.
- Not to erase it and write it block by block (as described further on) over the existing program, taking care to assign the same numbering as the previously recorded blocks to the blocks being written.If there is no other program in memory with the same number, proceed as follows:
3.6.7.1 Displaying the block contents
To scroll the blocks being displayed up and down:
- Press : The display scrolls up one line (block).
- Press : The display scrolls down one line (block).
On models with 512 Kb of part-program memory (models: MK, MGK, MSK, GPK, MIK,
MGIK, MSIK, GPIK), the following keys and softkeys are also available:
- Press : The display scrolls up 5 lines (blocks).
- Press : The display scrolls down 5 lines (blocks).
- Press [BEGIN] : The display shows the first blocks.
- Press [END] : The display shows the last blocks.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 45
3.6.7.2. Unassisted programming
Format of a block
(dimensions in millimeters)
N4 G2 (V)+/-4.3(W)+/-4.3 X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 F5.4 S4 T2.2 M3 (in this order)
(dimensions in inches)
N4 G2 (V)+/-3.4(W)+/-3.4 X+/-3.4 Y+/-3.4 Z+/-3.4 F5.5 S4 T2.2 M3 (in this order)
Programming in the same block of the fourth axis W, of the fifth axis V and the one associated to both which is indicated in the machine parameter P11, are incompatible.
Programming:
The CNC automatically numbers the blocks:
In multiples of 10 on non-"K" model CNCs.
In multiples of 5 on "K" model CNCs
If a different block number is desired, press CL and then:
- Key in the block number. It will appear on the lower left-hand side of the screen. The blocks may not be correlative.
- If a normal conditional block is desired, after keying in the block number, press (decimal point) and if a special conditional block is required press again.
Write the G functions and coordinate values respecting the programming format.
- Press the F key and key in the feedrate value.
- Press the S key and key in the spindle speed.
- Press the T key and key in the tool number.
- A comment can be written which must be placed within brackets.
- Press the M key and key in the number of the auxiliary function wanted. Up to a maximum or 7 may be programmed.
- If the block is correct, press ENTER. The CNC accepts the block as a program block.
Refer to the PROGRAMMING MANUAL for incompatibilities when programming various functions.
46 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.6.7.3. Modification and deletion of a block
I) During the writing process a) Modification of characters
If during the writing of a block a character already written has to be modified:
- Use the keys to place the cursor on the character to be modified or deleted.
- To modify, simply key in the new character. To delete, press the CL key.
- If DELETE is pressed, the characters to the right of the cursor will be deleted.
b) Insertion of characters
If during the writing of a block a character has to be inserted within that block:
- Use the inserted.
keys to place the cursor at the point where the new character is to be
- Press INS. The portion of the block that follows the cursor starts blinking.
- Key in the new characters required.
- Press INS. The blinking stops.
II) Block already entered in memory
a) Modification and insertion of characters
- Key in the block number concerned.
- Press RECALL. The block appears at the bottom of the screen.
- Proceed as in the previous item.
- Press ENTER. The modified block is put into the memory.
b) Deletion of the block
- Key in the block number
- Press DELETE
. If during the programming of a block the CNC fails to respond to any key pressed, it means that there is something incorrect in what is being entered.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 47
3.6.7.4. Assisted programming
Access to assisted programming is available in any of the program editing modes, i.e. PLAY
BACK (2), TEACH-IN (3) or EDITING (6). For this, if, during the writing of a block the
[HELP] key is pressed, the cursor which is found in the block to be written will disappear and the screen will display:
PROGRAMMING GUIDE
1 - MOVEMENT PROGRAMMING
2 - CANNED CYCLES
3 - SUBROUTINES/JUMPS
4 - GEOMETRIC AIDE
5 - ARITHMETICAL FUNCTIONS
6 - G FUNCTIONS
7 - M FUNCTIONS
Pressing the desired number will display pages which explain the various functions available to the CNC and how they are programmed. Once the appropriate page is accessed, press the
[HELP] key to continue writing the block. The cursor will reappear and the information required will stay on the screen.
Supposing, for example, that when editing a program it is desired to program in a block the canned cycle for rectangular pocket milling, the sequence will be:
Press [HELP]
Press 2
Press
Press 4
If the [HELP] key is then pressed, the cursor will appear and it becomes possible to write the block, observing on the screen the meaning of the various parameters of the selected function.
When the writing of the block is completed, pressing ENTER stores the block in the memory and the standard display of editing modes will appear on the screen.
If, while any page of the assisted programming is on the screen, it is desired to return to the standard display mode, there are two possibilities: a) When nothing is written in the block, press RECALL if the cursor is displayed (if it is not, press [HELP]). b) When some information is already written in the block, if the cursor is displayed, press
ENTER or DELETE.
48 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
SPECIAL ASSISTED PROGRAMMING
During the edition of a canned cycle, whenever the corresponding preparatory function key has been pressed, when the [HELP] key is pushed, the information corresponding to this canned cycle will appear directly on the screen highlighting the parameter to be introduced.
Once the value has been introduced and in order to be able to continue with the edition of new parameters, it is necessary to press the ENTER key.
If it is not required to program any parameter, as long as it is not obligatory to do so, the DELETE key must be pressed.
As in the case of normal programming, the CL key deletes one character at a time and the
DELETE key deletes the whole value given to the current parameter.
At any time during this type of programming, if the [HELP] function key is pressed, the control changes over to the normal assisted programming.
3.6.7.5. Save a program being edited (only on models with 512 Kb of memory).
Models having 512 Kb of part-program memory (MK, MGK, MSK, GPK, MIK, MGIK,
MSIK, GPIK) have an additional RAM memory for program editing and modification.
The program, or portion of it, being edited is entered again in memory when exiting the editing mode.
If, for any reason, the CNC loses power while editing a program, all the data stored in the RAM memory will be lost. In other words, all the changes made to the program will be lost but not the program itself.
To avoid this problem, press [SAVE] once in a while so the CNC stores the current changes in the user memory.
3.6.7.6. Copying a program.
This feature allows an existing program to be copied in the CNC memory, by designating it a number which is different from the original.
To do this, press first [PROGram DIRectory] and then the [COPY] key.
The CNC will ask which number is that of the source program and which is the one for the new program. After keying in each of them the ENTER key must be pressed.
Should there be no number keyed in as the original program, as there is another program with the same number in the memory and the one keyed in as being new, or if there is not sufficient memory in the CNC, a message will be displayed indicating the cause.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 49
3.7. MODE 7: PERIPHERALS
This is used for transferring part programs or machine- parameters from/to peripherals. The method of working in this operating mode is as follows:
3.7.1. Selection of the operating mode PERIPHERALS (7)
- Press OP MODE
- Press key 7. The screen will display:
PERIPHERALS
0 . RECEIVE FROM CASSETTE
1 . SEND TO CASSETTE
2 . RECEIVE FROM GENERAL DEVICE
3 . SEND TO GENERAL DEVICE
4 . CASSETTE DIRECTORY
5 . DELETE CASSETTE PROGRAM
6 . DNC ON/OFF
Atention:
To enable any of the operations 0,1,2,3,4 and 5, which are displayed in the
PERIPHERALS mode, to be carried out, point 6 (DNC ON/OFF) must be
OFF (the highlighted message OFF will be displayed). If the highlighted message displayed is ON, press key 6.
The CNC must be OFF when connecting/disconnecting peripheral units.
When using the FAGOR cassette recorder, parameter P607(4) must be set to
0.
50 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.7.2. Entering a program from the FAGOR cassette recorder (0)
- Press the 0 key. The screen will display:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P
- Key in the number of the program to be read in. If 99999 is entered, the CNC gets ready to accept machine-parameters, the decoded M’s functions table and the table of leadscrew compensation parameters.
Should a PLC I be fitted, the PLC user program will be kept together with the above.
- Press ENTER. Four possibilities: a) A program exists in the control’s memory with the same number. The screen will display:
ALREADY EXISTS IN MEMORY
DELETE?
If deletion is not wanted:
- Press any key other than Y. Return to the state in section 3.7.1.
If deletion is wanted:
- Press Y. The screen will display:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P —— DELETED
From this moment the program starts to be transferred from the cassette, taking place as described in possibility c).
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 51
b) The program selected does not exist on the tape.
On starting to transfer from the cassette, if the program does not exist on the tape:
DOES NOT EXIST IN THE CASSETTE
- Press [CONTINUE]. It returns to the status of section 3.7.1. or,
- Press OP MODE. The operating mode menu will appear.
c) The program selected exists on the tape and not in the CNC memory.
The transfer is carried out normally. During this process the screen will display:
RECEIVING
- If in the program being read there is any erroneous block number (example, Nxxxxx) the screen will display:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P —— RECEIVED
INCORRECT DATA RECEIVED
N xxxxx
In this case, only the part of the program up to the erroneous block is memorized. It is recommended to delete the whole program.
- If the numbering of the blocks of the program transferred is correct:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P —— RECEIVED
That means that the CNC carries out a syntactic test of the program. If there is any programming error the relevant error code and the affected block are displayed and the program is loaded completely.
d) If the part program memory is locked, or the machine- parameters memory in case of
(P99999), the status in section 3.7.1. is re-established.
52 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.7.2.1. Transmission errors
- If during transmission TRANSMISSION ERROR appears on the screen, this indicates that the transmission is not correct.
- If during transmission INCORRECT DATA RECEIVED appears on the screen.
This indicates that there is an incorrect character on the tape, or a non permitted block number has been written.
Atention:
The lid of the cassette recorder should be open when turning the unit ON/
OFF to prevent tape damage.
3.7.3. Transfer of a program to the FAGOR cassette recorder (1)
- Press key 1. The screen will display:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P ——-
- Key-in the number of the program to be transferred.
If P99999 is entered, the CNC gets ready to transmit machine- parameters, M functions decoded table and the leadscrew error compensation table.
- Press ENTER.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 53
Three possibilities: a) The selected program does not exist in the CNC memory. The screen will display:
DOES NOT EXIST IN MEMORY
- Press [CONTINUE]. We return to the status of section 3.7.1. or,
- Press OPERATE MODE. The operating mode menu will appear: b) There is a program with the same number on the tape. When pressing ENTER the screen will display:
ALREADY EXISTS IN THE CASSETTE
DELETE?
If deletion is not wanted:
- Press any key other than Y. This returns to the status of section 3.7.1.
If deletion is wanted:
- Press Y. The screen will display:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P —— DELETED
From this moment, the program starts to be transferred to the cassette, taking place as described in possibility c).
c) The selected program exists at the CNC but not on the tape.
The transfer takes place normally. During this process the screen display:
SENDING
On completion the following text will appear:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P —— SENT
3.7.3.1. Transmission errors
Same as section 3.7.2.1.
54 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.7.4. Entering a program from a peripheral other than the FAGOR cassette recorder(2)
Same as section 3.7.2. (by means of an FAGOR cassette) except that the 2 key must be pressed and a new error message may appear: MEMORY OVERFLOW
This indicates that CNC memory is full. The part of the program for which there was capacity will have been recorded in the CNC.
Atention:
To enter a program from a peripheral other than the FAGOR cassette, the following points must be taken into account:
The first thing that must be read after a series of NULL is a % followed by the program number (99999 indicates machine- parameters). Followed by LF.
The blocks are identified by an N located at the beginning of the line, i.e.
immediately after a LINEFEED. If anything is written between the
LINEFEED and the N, this will not be taken as the indicator of the block number, but as an extra character.
Spaces, the RETURN key and the + sign are not taken into account.
The program ends with a series of more than 20 NULL, or with the character ESCAPE or EOT.
3.7.5. Transferring a program to a peripheral other than the FAGOR cassette recorder(3)
Same as section 3.7.3. (by means of an FAGOR cassette) except that the 3 key is pressed.
The CNC ends the program with the character ESC (ESCAPE).
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 55
3.7.6. FAGOR cassette directory (4)
- Press the 4 key. The screen will display:
. number of programs on the tape with the number of characters.
. number of free characters on the tape.
- Pressing [CONTINUE] returns to the status of section 3.7.1.
3.7.7. Deletion of a FAGOR cassette program (5)
- Press the 5 key. The screen will display:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P
- Key in the number of the selected program.
- Press ENTER.
Once the program has been deleted, the screen will display:
PROGRAM NUMBER: P —— DELETED
- Press [CONTINUE]. The status of section 3.7.1. returns or,
- Press OP MODE. The operating modes list will appear.
56 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.7.8. Interruption of the transmission process
In this operating mode (PERIPHERALS) any transmission process may be interrupted by pressing CL.
The screen will display:
PROCESS ABORTED
3.7.9. DNC. Communication with a computer
The CNC incorporates a DNC feature which allows two-way communication with a host computer to perform the following functions:
. Directory and program deletion commands.
. Transfer of programs and tables.
. Execution of infinite programs.
. Machine’s remote control.
. Advanced DNC system’s status report.
To activate the DNC feature, P607(3) must be 1. Also, PERIPHERALS (DNC ON/OFF) mode 6 must show the highlighted message ON. Otherwise, press 6. See DNC manual for more detailed information.
In PERIPHERALS operating mode (7), every time RESET is pressed, the CNC returns to power-on conditions.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 57
3.8. MODE 8: TOOL OFFSET AND ZERO OFFSETS G53/G59
This is used to enter into the memory the dimensions (length and radius) of up to 100 tools and the values of up to 7 zero offsets (G53-G59).
The method of working in this operating mode is as follows:
3.8.1. Selection of the operating mode TOOL OFFSET (8)
- Press OP MODE
- Press the 8 key. The screen will display:
TOOL OFFSET/G53-G59
T00 R —— . —-L —— . —--
I -—- . —-K ---. —---
T01 R —— . —-L —— . —--
I -—- . —-K —-. —---
T02 R —— . —-L —— . —--
I —-- . —-K —-. —---
3.8.2. Read-out of tool table
If a read-out is wanted of the dimensions of a tool which does not appear on the screen, there are two methods: a) . Key in the number of the tool.
. Press RECALL.
b) . Press or (located to the right of the screen) to move the tools displayed back and forth, until the required tool is reached.
58 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.8.3. Entering the dimensions of the tools
- Key in the number of the tool. This will appear on the lower left of the screen.
- Press R.
- Key in the value of the radius of the tool. Max. value:
+/- 999.999 mm or +/-39.3700 inch.
- Press L.
- Key in the value of the length of the tool.
Max. value:+/-999.999 mm or +/-39.3700 inch.
- Press I. Key in its value.
Maximum value +/-32.766 mm or +/-1.2900 inches.
- Press K. Key in its value
Maximum value +/-32.766 mm or +/-1.2900 inches.
- Press ENTER. (If what is written is correct). The values are entered into memory.
3.8.4. Modification of tool dimensions
I) During the writing process a) Modification of characters
If during the writing of the dimensions of a tool already written has to be modified
(R,L,I,K or any number):
- Use the keys to place the cursor on the character to be modified or deleted.
- To modify, simply key in the new character. To delete it, press the CL key.
- If DELETE is pressed, the characters to the right of the cursor will be deleted.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 59
b) Insertion of characters
If during the writing of the dimensions of a tool a character has to be inserted within that block:
- Use the is to be inserted.
keys to place the cursor at the point where the new character
- Press INS. The portion of the block that follows the cursor starts blinking.
- Key in the new characters required.
- Press INS. The blinking stops.
II) Dimensions already entered in memory
- Key in the tool number concerned.
- Press RECALL.
- Proceed as in the previous item.
- Press ENTER. The modified dimensions are entered into the memory.
- If during the programming of a block the CNC fails to respond to any key pressed, it means that there is something incorrect in what is being entered.
- A block that has been written can be completely erased by pressing DELETE, if the cursor is situated at the beginning of the block.
3.8.5. Change of measuring units
Every time the I key is pressed the measuring units change from mm to inches and viceversa.
60 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.8.6. Zero offsets G53/G59
In the same operation mode (8) if the key G is pressed the screen will display:
TOOL OFFSETS/G53-G59
G53 V ---- . -- W —— . — X —-- . —-
Y —— . — Z —— . —-
G54 V ---- . -- W —— . — X —— . -—
Y —— . — Z —— . —-
G55 V ---- . -- W —— . — X —— . -—
Y —— . — Z —— .
—-
3.8.6.1. Read-out of zero offset table
If a readout is wanted of the values of a zero offset which does not appear on the screen, there are two methods: a) Key in the number of the zero offsets (G53/G59)
Press RECALL b) Press or to move the zero offset displayed back and forth until the required one is reached.
3.8.6.2. Entering zero offsets values
- Key in the number of the zero offset (G53-G59).
- Write the desired values for W,X,Y,Z.
- Press ENTER.
Atention:
The values of W,X,Y,Z are referred to the machine reference zero point.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 61
3.8.6.3. Modification of zero offset values
Same as 3.8.4.
3.8.6.4. Change of measurement units
Same as 3.8.5.
3.8.7. Return to the tool offset table
When the zero offset table is being displayed, the tool table can be recovered by pressing
T.
3.8.8. Complete deletion of tool offsets or zero table
- Key in K,J,I.
- Press ENTER.
The displayed table is completely erased.
In mode 8 (G53/G59 tool table), press RESET to revert the CNC to initial conditions.
3.9. MODE 9: SPECIAL MODES
The information on this section is in the INSTALLATION AND START UP
MANUAL.
62 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.10. GRAPHICS
CNC 8030 model MS or MG have GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION and by means of this feature the tool path can be displayed on the CRT, as the program is being executed.
This feature can be applied in one of the following modes: AUTOMATIC, SINGLE
BLOCK, TEACH IN, DRY RUN.
In DRY RUN mode, if THEORETICAL PATH (4) is selected, the system checks the program and displays the theoretical tool- center’s path in solid lines, ignoring its dimensions.
Nevertheless, if mode 0 or 1 is selected in the same operating mode (DRY RUN), the tool center’s path will be displayed in dotted lines.
If, when executing a program in DRY RUN operation in modes 0,1 or 4, there is a block involving movement plus the function (Tx.x) the relevant path will not be displayed unless the machine is a machining center.
In the remaining modes, the tool’s real path is displayed in dotted lines. The distance between dots varies according to the value of F.
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 63
3.10.1. Display area definition
Prior to the representation of graphics on the CRT, the display area must be defined before the program is run. To do this, after selecting the desired operation mode.
- Press the [GRAPHICS] key.
- Press the [DEFINE AREA-G] key.
At this time the CNC asks which are the views required for viewing. Press Y/N to identify desired/not desired views. The CNC displays then the four possible views:
- XY plane
- XZ plane
- YZ plane
- Three-dimensional
Key in the coordinate values (X,Y and Z) of the point desired to be at the center of the screen, and the width of the image. Press ENTER after every value.
The display area definition is lost when the CNC is turned OFF.
To display the desired view (max. 3 of the possible 4) press:
[XY] for X-Y plane
[XZ] for X-Z plane
[YZ] for Y-Z plane
[3D] for three-dimensional
Then, execute the program; the position and size of the graphic will depend on the values given to the center point and width.
The coordinate values of the point being displayed are shown at the top of the CRT. The value of the width is displayed at the bottom.
When a program is being run in the DRY RUN operating mode, it is possible to vary the speed the diagram is drawn on the screen, by means of the FEED RATE switch.
64 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
3.10.2. Zooming (windowing)
The CNC has a ZOOM function by which entire graphics or parts of them can be enlarged or reduced by this feature. To use this ZOOM function the program must be either interrupted or completed.
Press the key which corresponds to the view in which the zooming is desired. Then press
[ZOOM] and a rectangle identifying the window will be displayed over the existing graphic.
Its dimensions can be altered pressing or on the front panel and its position by using cursor moving keys.
The coordinate values of the window’s center and the width and the percentage are displayed on the CRT. The display of values can be useful to check the coordinate values of a particular point (by placing the center of the window over it) and also to measure distances between two points.
If [EXECUTE] is pressed, the windowed area will fill the CRT.
Using the FEEDRATE override knob, the graphic drawing speed can be altered.
To repeat the whole ZOOM sequence, start by pressing [ZOOM] as before.
To exit the ZOOM mode and continue, press [END].
8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL 65
3.10.3. Redefinition of the display area by the ZOOM function
With the ZOOM function active after pressing [ZOOM], if ENTER is pressed
[EXECUTE] the position and width of the rectangle override the previous values given to the display area when it has been defined.
The position and the size of the graphic can thus be altered.
Atention:
It is recommended that a sufficiently large width be assigned to the display area the first time it is defined to guarantee that the complete graphic will be displayed on the screen and then ZOOM in to center it and enlarge it.
When the ZOOM function is used, it is necessary to bear in mind that the
CNC will keep information on approximately the last 500 blocks with movement which have been executed, therefore, if the programme has more blocks with movement, only those retained will appear in the new diagram.
3.10.4. Deletion of graphics
Press DELETE to erase the graphic displayed, once the program has been executed or interrupted.
3.10.5 Graphic representation in colour (CNC 8030 MS)
Whenever only one of the 4 views possible have been selected, every time the Tool (T2) is changed, the path will be drawn in a different color (3 colors).
66 8025/8030 CNC OPERATING MANUAL
ERROR
CODES
020
021
022
023
008
009
010
011
012
004
005
006
007
001 This error occurs in the following cases:
> When the first character of the block to be executed is not an "N".
002
003
> When while BACKGROUND editing, the program in execution calls a subroutine located in the program being edited or in a later program.
The order in which the part-programs are stored in memory are shown in the part-program directory. If during the execution of a program, a new one is edited, this new one will be placed at the end of the list.
Too many digits when defining a function in general.
A negative value has been assigned to a function which does not accept the (-) sign or an incorrect value has been given to a canned cycle parameter.
A canned cycle has been defined while function G02, G03 or G33 was active.
Parametric block programmed wrong.
There are more than 10 parameters affected in a block.
Division by zero.
Square root of a negative number.
Parameter value too large
M41, M42, M43 or M44 has been programmed.
More than 7 "M" functions in a block.
This error occurs in the following cases:
> Function G50 is programmed wrong
013
014
> Tool dimension values too large.
> Zero offset values ( G53/G59 ) too large.
Cycle defined incorrectly.
A block has been programmed which is incorrect either by itself or in relation with the program history up to that instant.
015
016
017
018
019
Functions G20, G21, G22, G23, G24, G25, G26, G27, G28, G29, G30, G31, G32, G50, G52, G53, G54, G55,
G56, G57, G58, G59, G72, G73, G74, G92 and G93 must be programmed alone in a block.
The called subroutine or block does not exist or the block searched by means of special function F17 does not exist.
This error is issued in the following cases:
> Negative or too large thread pitch value.
> Function G95 or M19 has been used with machine parameter "P800=0".
Error in blocks where the points are defined by means of angle-angle or angle-coordinate.
This error is issued in the following cases:
> After defining G20, G21, G22 or G23, the number of the subroutine it refers to is missing.
> The "N" character has not been programmed after function G25, G26, G27, G28 or G29.
> Too many nesting levels.
The axes of the circular interpolation are not programmed correctly.
There is no block at the address defined by the parameter assigned to F18, F19, F20, F21, F22.
An axis is repeated when programming G74.
K has not been programmed after G04.
024
025
026
027
028
029
030
031
The decimal point is missing when programming T2.2 or N2.2.
Error in a definition block or subroutine call, or when defining either conditional or unconditional jumps.
This error is issued in the following cases:
> Memory overflow.
> Not enough free tape or CNC memory to store the part-program.
I/J/K has not been defined for a circular interpolation or thread.
An attempt has been made to select a tool offset at the tool table or a non-existent external tool (the number of tools is set by machine parameter).
Too large a value assigned to a function.
This error is often issued when programming an F value in mm/min (inch/min) and, then, switching to work in mm/rev (inch/rev) without changing the F value.
The programmed G function does not exist.
Tool radius value too large.
032 Tool radius value too large.
033
034
035
036
037
A movement of over 8388 mm or 330.26 inches has been programmed.
Example: Being the X axis position X-5000, if we want to move it to point X5000, the CNC will issue error
33 when programming the block N10 X5000 since the programmed move will be:
5000 - (-5000) = 10000 mm.
In order to make this move without issuing this error, it must be carried out in two stages as indicated below:
N10 X0
N10 X5000
S or F value too large.
; 5000 mm move
; 5000 mm move
Not enough information for corner rounding, chamfering or compensation.
Repeated subroutine.
Function M19 programmed incorrectly.
038
039
040
041
Function G72 or G73 programmed incorrectly.
It must be borne in mind that if G72 is applied only to one axis, this axis must be positioned at part zero (0 value) at the time the scaling factor is applied.
This error occurs in the following cases:
> More than 15 nesting levels when calling subroutines.
> A block has been programmed which contains a jump to itself. Example: N120 G25 N120.
The programmed arc does not go through the defined end point (tolerance 0.01mm) or there is no arc that goes through the points defined by G08 or G09.
This error is issued when programming a tangential entry as in the following cases:
> There is no room to perform the tangential entry. A clearance of twice the rounding radius or greater is required.
042
> If the tangential entry is to be applied to an arc (G02, G03), The tangential entry must be defined in a linear block.
This error is issued when programming a tangential exit as in the following cases:
> There is no room to perform the tangential exit. A clearance of twice the rounding radius or greater is required.
043
044
045
046
047
048
049
050
> If the tangential exit is to be applied to an arc (G02, G03), The tangential exit must be defined in a linear block.
Polar origin coordinates (G93) defined incorrectly.
Canned cycle defined wrong.
Function G36, G37, G38 or G39 programmed incorrectly.
Polar coordinates defined incorrectly.
A zero movement has been programmed during radius compensation or corner rounding.
W axis programmed wrong.
Chamfer programmed incorrectly.
Functions M06, M22, M23, M24, M25 must be programmed alone in a block.
051 * A tool or pallet change cannot be performed without being in the change position.
052 * The requested tool is not in the magazine.
053 * This error occurs when having a machining center and 2 different external Ts have been programmed in a row without programming an M06 in between.
054 There is no disk in the FAGOR Floppy Disk Unit, there is no tape in the cassette reader or the reader head cover is open.
055 Parity error when reading or writing a floppy or cassette.
056
057
058
059
060
061
This error comes up in the following cases:
> When the memory is locked and an attempt is made to generate a CNC program by means of function G76.
> When trying to generate program P99999 or a protected program by means of function G76.
> If function G76 is followed by function G22 or G23.
> If there are more than 70 characters after G76.
> If function G76 (block content) has been programmed without having programmed G76 P5 or G76 N5 before.
> If in a G76 P5 or G76 N5 type function does not contain the 5 digits of the program number.
> If while a program is being generated (G76 P5 or G76 N5), its program number is changed without cancelling the previous one.
> If while executing a G76 P5 type block, the program referred to is not the one edited. In other words, that another one has been edited later or that a G76 P5 type block is executed while a program is being edited in background.
Write-protected floppy disk or cassette.
Irregular floppy drive motion or sluggish tape transport.
Communication error between the CNC and the FAGOR Floppy Disk Unit or between the CNC and the cassette reader.
Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
Battery error.
The memory contents will be kept for 10 more days (with the CNC off) from the moment this error occurs. The whole battery module located on the back must be replaced. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
Due to danger of explosion or combustion: do not try to recharge the battery, do not expose it to temperatures higher than 100°C (232°F) and do not short the battery leads.
064 * External emergency input (pin 14 of connector I/O1) is activated.
065 * This error comes up in the following cases:
> If while probing (G75) the programmed position is reached without receiving the probe signal.
> If while executing a probing canned cycle, the CNC receives the probe signal without actually carrying out the probing move itself (collision).
066 * X axis travel limit overrun.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would force the machine to go beyond limits.
067 * Y axis travel limit overrun.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would force the machine to go beyond limits.
068 * Z axis travel limit overrun.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would force the machine to go beyond limits.
069 * W axis travel limit overrun.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would force the machine to go beyond limits.
070 ** X axis following error.
071 ** Y axis following error.
072 ** Z axis following error.
073 ** W axis following error.
074 ** Spindle speed value too large.
075 ** X axis feedback error. Connector A1.
076 ** Y axis feedback error. Connector A2.
077 ** Z axis feedback error. Connector A3.
078 ** W axis feedback error. Connector A4.
079 ** Spindle feedback error. Connector A5.
080 ** Handwheel feedback error. Connector A5.
081 ** V axis feedback error. Connector A5.
082 ** Parity error in general parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
083 ** Parity error in V axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
084 * V axis travel limit overrun.
085 ** V axis following error.
086 Not being used at this time.
087 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
088 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
089 * All the axes have not been homed.
This error comes up when it is mandatory to search home on all axes after power-up. This requirement is set by machine parameter.
090 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
091 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
092 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
093 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
094 Parity error in tool table or zero offset table G53-G59. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
095 ** Parity error in W axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
096 ** Parity error in Z axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
097 ** Parity error in Y axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
098 ** Parity error in X axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
099 ** Parity error in M table. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0",
"P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
100 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
101 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
105 This error comes up in the following cases:
> A comment has more than 43 characters.
> A program has been defined with more than 5 characters.
> A block number has more than 4 characters.
> Strange characters in memory.
106 ** Inside temperature limit exceeded.
107 ** Error in W axis leadscrew error compensation parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
108 ** Error in Z axis leadscrew error compensation parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
109 ** Error in Y axis leadscrew error compensation parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
110 ** Error in X axis leadscrew error compensation parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
111 * FAGOR LAN line error. Hardware installed incorrectly.
112 * FAGOR LAN error. It comes up in the following instances:
> When the configuration of the LAN nodes is incorrect.
> The LAN configuration has been changed. One of the nodes is no longer present (active).
When this error occurs, access the LAN mode, editing or monitoring, before executing a program block.
113 * FAGOR LAN error. A node is not ready to work in the LAN. For example:
> The PLC64 program is not compiled.
>A G52 type block has been sent to an 82CNC while it was in execution.
114 * FAGOR LAN error. An incorrect command has been sent out to a node.
115 * Watch-dog error in the periodic module.
This error occurs when the periodic module takes longer than 5 milliseconds.
116 * Watch-dog error in the main module.
This error occurs when the main module takes longer than half the time indicated in machine parameter "P741".
117 * The internal CNC information requested by activating marks M1901 thru M1949 is not available.
118 * An attempt has been made to modify an unavailable internal CNC variable by means of marks M1950 thru
M1964.
119 Error when writing machine parameters, the decoded M function table and the leadscrew error compensation tables into the EEPROM memory.
120
150
This error may occur when after locking the machine parameters, the decoded M function table and the leadscrew error compensation tables, one tries to save this information into the EEPROM memory.
Checksum error when recovering (restoring) the machine parameters, the decoded M function table and leadscrew error compensation tables from the EEPROM memory.
Incoherent data in the 512 Kb memory.
When this error occurs, save as many programs as you can into the Floppy Disk Unit, peripheral or PC.
Then, proceed as follows to format the 512 Kb memory (when doing this, all part-programs stored in this memory will be lost).
Press
Press
Key in:
[OP MODE] [6] to select the Editing mode.
[LOCK/UNLOCK] the screen displays the text: CODE:
FM512 and press [ENTER]
Once the 512 Kb memory is formatted, recover (restore) the programs you saved into the Floppy Disk Unit, peripheral or PC.
151
152
Defective 512 Kb memory. Consult with the Technical Service department.
Not enough available free space in the 512 Kb memory.
Atention:
The ERRORS indicated with "*" behave as follows:
They stop the axis feed and the spindle rotation by cancelling the Enable signals and the analog outputs of the CNC.
They interrupt the execution of the part-program of the CNC if it was being executed.
The ERRORS indicated with "**" besides behaving as those with an "*", they activate the INTERNAL EMERGENCY OUTPUT.
Models: M, MG, MS, GP
PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Ref. 9701 (in)
ABOUT THE INFORMATION IN THIS MANUAL
This manual is addressed to the machine operator. It describes how to operate with this 8025
CNC.
It includes the necessary information for new users as well as advanced subjects for those who are already familiar with this CNC product.
It may not be necessary to read this whole manual. Consult the list of "New Features and
Modifications" which will indicate to you the chapters and sections describing them.
Consult the Comparison Table in order to find the specific features offered by your particular
CNC model.
There is also an appendix on error codes which indicates some of the probable reasons which could cause each one of them.
Notes: The information described in this manual may be subject to variations due to technical modifications.
FAGOR AUTOMATION, S.Coop. Ltda. reserves the right to modify the contents of the manual without prior notice.
INDEX
Section Page
Comparison table for mill model FAGOR 8025/8030 CNC ........................................... ix
New features and modifications ...................................................................................... xv
Circular interpolation in cartesian coordinates by programming the radius ................... 23
Section Page
G52. Communication with the FAGOR Local Area Network ......................................... 71
Characteristics of digitizing with the FAGOR 8025/30 MS CNC .................................. 122
Preparation of a digitizing operation and later execution at the machine ...................... 124
G77. Slaving the 4th axis (W), 5th (V) axis with its associated axis
(G81, G82, G84, G84R, G85, G86, G89) canned cycle definition .................................. 154
Section Page
M19. Residual analog S output (creep) for tool change and spindle orientation ............. 233
8025/8030 MILL MODEL CNCS
Fagor offers the 8025 and 8030 mill type CNCs.
Both types operate the same way and offer similar characteristics. Their basic difference is that the former is compact and the latter is modular.
Both CNC types offer basic models. Although the differences between the basic models are detailed later on, each model may be defined as follows:
8025/8030 GP Oriented to General Purpose machines
8025/8030 M Oriented to Milling machines of up to 4 axes.
8025/8030 MG Same as the M model, but with dynamic graphics.
8025/8030 MS Oriented to Machining Centers (up to 5 axes).
When the CNC has an Integrated Programmable Logic Controller (PLCI), the letter "I" is added to the CNC model denomination: GPI, MI, MGI, MSI.
Also, When the CNC has 512Kb of part-program memory, the letter "K" is added to the CNC model denomination: GPK, MK, MGK, MSK, GPIK, MIK, MGIK, MSIK.
General Purpose
Mills up to 4 axes
Basic With PLCI Basic
With 512Kb
GP
M
Up to 4 axes with graphics MG
Machining Centers MS
GPI
MI
MGI
MSI
GPK
MK
MGK
MSK
With PLCI and 512Kb
GPKI
MIK
MGIK
MSIK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
GP M MG MS
INPUTS/OUTPUTS
Feedback inputs. ........................................................................................
6 6 6
Linear axes ...........................................................................
Rotary axes ...........................................................................
4
2
4
2
4
2
Spindle encoder ....................................................................
Electronic handwheels .........................................................
1 1 1
1 1 1
Probe input .............................................................................................
x x x
Square-wave feedback signal multiplying factor, x2/x4 ...........................
x x x
Sine-wave feedback signal multiplying factor, x2/x4/10/x20 ...................
x x x
Maximum counting resolution 0.001mm/0.001°/0.0001inch ....................
x x x
Analog outputs (±10V) for axis servo drives ............................................
4 4 4
Spindle analog output (±10V) ...................................................................
1 1 1 x x
1
1
6
5
2
5
1 x x
AXIS CONTROL
Axes involved in linear interpolations .......................................................
3 3 3
Axes involved in circular interpolations ....................................................
2 2 2
Helical interpolation ..................................................................................
x x x
Electronic threading ..................................................................................
x x x
Spindle control ..........................................................................................
x x x
Software travel limits ................................................................................
x x x
Spindle orientation ....................................................................................
x x x
Management of non-servo-controlled Open-Loop motor .........................
x
PROGRAMMING
Part Zero preset by user .............................................................................
x x x
Absolute/incremental programming ..........................................................
x x x
Programming in cartesian coordinates ......................................................
x x x
Programming in polar coordinates ............................................................
x x x
Programming in cylindrical coordinates (radius, angle, axis) ...................
x x x
Programming by angle and cartesian coordinate .......................................
x x x x x x x x x x x x
3
2 x
COMPENSATION
Tool radius compensation .........................................................................
x x
Tool length compensation .........................................................................
x x x
Leadscrew backlash compensation ............................................................
x x x
Leadscrew error compensation ..................................................................
x x x
Cross compensation (beam sag) ................................................................
x x x x x x x x
DISPLAY
CNC text in Spanish, English, French, German and Italian ......................
x x x
Display of execution time ..........................................................................
x x x
Piece counter .............................................................................................
x x x
Graphic movement display and part simulation ........................................
x
Tool base position display .........................................................................
x x x
Tool tip position display ............................................................................
x x x
Geometric programming aide ....................................................................
x x x x x x x x x x
COMMUNICATION WITH OTHER DEVICES
Communication vía RS232C .....................................................................
x x x
Communication via DNC ..........................................................................
x x x
Communication via RS485 (FAGOR LAN) .............................................
x x x
ISO program loading from peripherals ......................................................
x x x x x x x
OTHERS
Parametric programming ...........................................................................
x x x
Model digitizing ........................................................................................
x x x
Possibility of an integrated PLC ................................................................
x x x
Sheetmetal tracing on LASER machines ...................................................
Jig Grinder .............................................................................................
x x x x x
PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS
GP M MG MS
AXES AND COORDINATE SYSTEMS
XY (G17) plane selection ...........................................................................
x x x
XZ and YZ plane selection (G18,G19) ......................................................
x x x
Part measuring units. Millimeters or inches (G70,G71) .............................
x x x
Absolute/incremental programming (G90,G91) ........................................
x x x
Independent axis (G65) ..............................................................................
x x x x x x x x
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Machine reference (home) search (G74) ....................................................
x x x
Coordinate preset (G92) .............................................................................
x x x
Zero offsets (G53...G59) ............................................................................
x x x
Polar origin preset (G93) ............................................................................
x x x
Store current part zero (G31) ......................................................................
x x x
Recover stored part zero (G32) .................................................................
x x x x x x x x x
PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS
Feedrate F ..............................................................................................
x x x
Feedrate in mm/min. or inches/minute (G94) ............................................
x x x
Feedrate in mm/revolution or inches/revolution (G95) ..............................
x x x
Constant surface speed (G96) .....................................................................
x x x
Constant tool center speed (G97) ...............................................................
x x x
Programmable feedrate override (G49) ......................................................
x x x
Spindle speed (S) ........................................................................................
x x x
S value limit (G92) .....................................................................................
x x x
Tool and tool offset selection (T) ...............................................................
x x x x x x x x x x x x
AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
Program stop (M00) ...................................................................................
x x x
Conditional program stop (M01) ................................................................
x x x
End of program (M02) ...............................................................................
x x x
End of program with return to first block (M30) .......................................
x x x
Clockwise spindle start (M03) ....................................................................
x x x
Counter-clockwise spindle start (M04) ......................................................
x x x
Spindle stop (M05) .....................................................................................
x x x
Tool change in machining centers (M06) ...................................................
x x x
Spindle orientation (M19) ..........................................................................
x x x
Spindle speed range change (M41, M42, M43, M44) ................................
x x x
Functions associated with pallets (M22, M23, M24, M25) ........................
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
PATH CONTROL
Rapid traverse (G00) ................................................................................ x x x x
Linear interpolation (G01) ........................................................................ x x x x
Circular interpolation (G02,G03) ............................................................. x x x x
Circular interpolation with absolute center coordinates (G06) ................. x x x x
Circular path tangent to previous path (G08) ........................................... x x x x
Arc defined by three points (G09) ............................................................ x x x x
Tangential entry at beginning of a machining operation (G37) .............. x x x x
Tangential exit at the end of a machining operation (G38) ...................... x x x x
Controlled radius blend (G36) .................................................................. x x x x
Chamfer (G39) ......................................................................................... x x x x
Electronic threading (G33) .........................................................................
x x x
ADDITIONAL PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS
Dwell (G04 K) .......................................................................................... x x x x
Round and square corner (G05, G07) ...................................................... x x x x
Mirror image (G10,G11,G12) .................................................................. x x x x
Mirror image along the Z axis (G13) ....................................................... x x x x
Scaling factor (G72) ................................................................................. x x x x
Pattern rotation (G73) ............................................................................... x x x x
Slaving/unslaving of axes (G77, G78) ..................................................... x x x x
Single block treatment (G47, G48) .......................................................... x x x x
User error display (G30) ........................................................................... x x x x
Automatic block generation (G76) .............................................................
x
Communication with FAGOR Local Area Network (G52) ...................... x x x x
COMPENSATION
Tool radius compensation (G40,G41,G42) ..............................................
Tool length compensation (G43,G44) ......................................................
Loading of tool dimensions into internal tool table (G50) .......................
CANNED CYCLES
Multiple arc-pattern machining (G64) ......................................................
User defined canned cycle (G79) .............................................................
Drilling cycle (G81) .................................................................................
Drilling cycle with dwell (G82) ................................................................
Deep hole drilling cycle (G83) .................................................................
Tapping cycle (G84) .................................................................................
Rigid tapping cycle (G84R) ......................................................................
Reaming cycle (G85) ................................................................................
Boring cycle with withdrawal in G00 (G86) ............................................
Rectangular pocket milling cycle (G87) ...................................................
Circular pocket milling cycle (G88) .........................................................
Boring cycle with withdrawal in G01 (G89) ............................................
Canned cycle cancellation (G80) ..............................................................
Return to starting point (G98) ..................................................................
Return to reference plane (G99) ...............................................................
GP M MG MS x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
PROBING
Probing (G75) ...........................................................................................
Tool length calibration canned cycle (G75N0) ........................................
Probe calibration canned cycle (G75N1) ..................................................
Surface measuring canned cycle (G75N2) ...............................................
Surface measuring canned cycle with tool offset (G75N3) ......................
Outside edge measuring canned cycle (G75N4) ......................................
Inside edge measuring canned cycle (G75N5) .........................................
Angle measuring canned cycle (G75N6) ..................................................
Outside edge and angle measuring canned cycle (G75N7) ......................
Hole centering canned cycle (G75N8) .....................................................
Boss centering canned cycle (G75N9) .....................................................
Hole measuring canned cycle (G75N10) ..................................................
Boss measuring canned cycle (G75N11) ..................................................
SUBROUTINES
Number of standard subroutines ...............................................................
Definition of standard subroutine (G22) ..................................................
Call to a standard subroutine (G20) ..........................................................
Number of parametric subroutines ...........................................................
Definition of parametric subroutine (G23) ...............................................
Call to a parametric subroutine (G21) .....................................................
End of standard or parametric subroutine (G24) ......................................
JUMP OR CALL FUNCTIONS
Unconditional jump/call (G25) .................................................................
Jump or call if zero (G26) ........................................................................
Jump or call if not zero (G27) ..................................................................
Jump or call if smaller (G28) ....................................................................
Jump or call if equal or greater (G29) ......................................................
x
99 x x x x x x x x x x
99 x x x x x x
99 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
99 x x
99 99 99 99 x x x x x x x x x x
NEW FEATURES
AND
MODIFICATIONS
Date:
FEATURE
February 1991
Error 65 is not issued while probing (G75)
It is possible to select the home searching direction for each axis
New 1, 2, 5, 10 resolution values for sine-wave feedback signals of each axis
PLCI register access from the CNC
Sheetmetal tracing on laser machines
Jig Grinder
Software version: 2.1 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual Section 3.3.4
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Section 4.6
Section 4.1
Programming Manual
Applications Manual
Applications Manual
G52
Date:
FEATURE
June 1991
Repetitive emergency subroutine
New function F29. It takes the value of the selected tool
Function M06 does not execute M19
Greater speed when executing several parametric blocks in a row.
Software version: 3.1 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual
Programming Manual
Section 3.3.8
Chapter 13
Installation Manual Section 3.3.5
Date:
FEATURE
March 1992
Bell-shape acceleration/deceleration control
Expansion of cross compensation
Rigid Tapping G84 R
Possibility to enter the sign of the leadscrew backlash for each axis
Independent execution of an axis
Software version: 4.1 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual Section 4.7
Installation Manual
Programming Manual
Installation Manual
Programming Manual
Section 4.10
G84
Section 4.9
G65
Date:
FEATURE
July 1993
Double cross compensation
Linear and bell-shaped acc./dec. ramp combination for the axes
Acceleration/deceleration control for the the spindle
Multiple arc pattern machining
Tool tip position display
The associated subroutine is executed before the T function
The additional circular sections of a compensated path are executed in G05 or G07
VGA monitor 8030 CNC.
Software version: 5.1 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Section 4.10
Section 4.7
Installation Manual
Programming Manual
Installation Manual
Section 5.
G64
Section 3.3.5
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Section 3.3.5
Section 3.3.8
Chapter 1
Date:
FEATURE
March 1995
Management of feedback with coded Io
Spindle inhibit by PLC
Handwheel management by PLC
Rapid (JOG) key simulation via PLC
Non-servo-controlled open-loop motors
Function G64, multiple machining in an arc.
To be selected by machine parameter.
Initialization of machine parameters after memory loss.
Software version: 5.3 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Installation Manual
Installation Manual
Section 4.6 & 6.5
Section 3.3.9
Section 3.3.3
Installation Manual
PLCI Manual
Applications Manual
Installation Manual Section 3.3.9
Date:
FEATURE
September 1995
512 Kb of part-program memory
When conditional input (block skip) active while in JOG mode, the key is ignored
Software version: 6.0 and newer
MODIFIED MANUAL AND SECTION
Operating Manual Section 3.6
Installation Manual Section 1.3.6
INTRODUCTION
Introduction - 1
SAFETY CONDITIONS
Read the following safety measures in order to prevent damage to personnel, to this product and to those products connected to it.
This unit must only be repaired by personnel authorized by Fagor Automation.
Fagor Automation shall not be held responsible for any physical or material damage derived from the violation of these basic safety regulations.
Precautions against personal damage
Before powering the unit up, make sure that it is connected to ground
In order to avoid electrical discharges, make sure that all the grounding connections are properly made.
Do not work in humid environments
In order to avoid electrical discharges, always work under 90% of relative humidity
(non-condensing) and 45º C (113º F).
Do not work in explosive environments
In order to avoid risks, damage, do not work in explosive environments.
Precautions against product damage
Working environment
This unit is ready to be used in Industrial Environments complying with the directives and regulations effective in the European Community
Fagor Automation shall not be held responsible for any damage suffered or caused when installed in other environments (residential or homes).
Install the unit in the right place
It is recommended, whenever possible, to instal the CNC away from coolants, chemical product, blows, etc. that could damage it.
This unit complies with the European directives on electromagnetic compatibility.
Nevertheless, it is recommended to keep it away from sources of electromagnetic disturbance such as.
- Powerful loads connected to the same AC power line as this equipment.
- Nearby portable transmitters (Radio-telephones, Ham radio transmitters).
- Nearby radio / TC transmitters.
- Nearby arc welding machines
- Nearby High Voltage power lines
- Etc.
Ambient conditions
The working temperature must be between +5° C and +45° C (41ºF and 113º F)
The storage temperature must be between -25° C and 70° C. (-13º F and 158º F)
Introduction - 3
Protections of the unit itself
Central Unit
It carries two fast fuses of 3.15 Amp./ 250V. to protect the mains AC input.
All the digital inputs and outputs are protected by an external fast fuse (F) of 3.15
Amp./ 250V. against over voltage and reverse connection of the power supply.
Monitor
The type of fuse depends on the type of monitor. See the identification label of the unit.
Precautions during repair
Do not manipulate the inside of the unit
Only personnel authorized by Fagor Automation may manipulate the inside of this unit.
Do not manipulate the connectors with the unit connected to AC power.
Before manipulating the connectors (inputs/outputs, feedback, etc.) make sure that the unit is not connected to AC power.
Safety symbols
Symbols which may appear on the manual
WARNING. symbol
It has an associated text indicating those actions or operations may hurt people or damage products.
Symbols that may be carried on the product
WARNING. symbol
It has an associated text indicating those actions or operations may hurt people or damage products.
"Electrical Shock" symbol
It indicates that point may be under electrical voltage
"Ground Protection" symbol
It indicates that point must be connected to the main ground point of the machine as protection for people and units.
Introduction - 4
MATERIAL RETURNING TERMS
When returning the CNC, pack it in its original package and with its original packaging material. If not available, pack it as follows:
1.- Get a cardboard box whose three inside dimensions are at least 15 cm (6 inches) larger than those of the unit. The cardboard being used to make the box must have a resistance of 170 Kg (375 lb.).
2.- When sending it to a Fagor Automation office for repair, attach a label indicating the owner of the unit, person to contact, type of unit, serial number, symptom and a brief description of the problem.
3.- Wrap the unit in a polyethylene roll or similar material to protect it.
When sending the monitor, especially protect the CRT glass.
4.- Pad the unit inside the cardboard box with poly-utherane foam on all sides.
5.- Seal the cardboard box with packing tape or industrial staples.
Introduction - 5
FAGOR DOCUMENTATION
FOR THE 8025/30 M CNC
8025M CNC OEM Manual Is directed to the machine builder or person in charge of installing and starting up the CNC.
It contains 2 manuals:
Installation Manual
LAN Manual describing how to isntall and set-up the CNC.
describing how to instal the CNC in the Local
Area Network.
Sometimes, it may contain an additional manual describing New Software
Features recently implemented.
8025M CNC USER Manual Is directed to the end user or CNC operator.
It contains 3 manuals:
Operating Manual
Programming Manual
Applications Manual describing how to operate the CNC.
describing how to program the CNC.
describing other applications for this CNC non-specific of Milling machines
Sometimes, it may contain an additional manual describing New Software
Features recently implemented.
DNC 25/30 Software Manual Is directed to people using the optional DNC communications software.
DNC 25/30 Protocol Manual Is directed to people wishing to design their own DNC communications software to communicate with the 800 without using the DNC25/30 software..
PLCI Manual To be used when the CNC has an integrated PLC.
DNC-PLC Manual
FLOPPY DISK Manual
Is directed to the machine builder or person in charge of installing and starting up the PLCI.
Is directed to people using the optional communications software: DNC-PLC.
Is directed to people using the Fagor Floppy Disk Unit and it shows how to use it.
Introduction - 6
MANUAL CONTENTS
The Programming manual consists of the following chapters:
Index.
Comparison table of FAGOR models: 8025 M CNCs
New Features and modifications.
Introduction Summary of safety conditions.
Material returning conditions.
FAGOR documentation for the 8025 M CNC.
Manual contents
Overview
Writing a program
Program format
Program blocks
Preparatory functions
Coordinate programming
Feedrate programming
Spindle speed and orientation
Tool programming
Auxiliary functions
Subroutines
Parametric programming
Machining canned cycles
Error codes
Introduction - 7
1. OVERVIEW
The CNC can be programmed both from its front panel and from external peripherals (tape reader, cassette reader/recorder, computer etc.). The memory capacity for part programming is 32K characters In this CNC the part programs can be entered in four different operating modes:
2 - PLAY BACK
3 - TEACH IN
6 - EDITING
7 - INPUT-OUTPUT
In mode 7, the programs are transferred to the CNC from any external peripheral (RS 232
C). In the other modes, the programs are entered directly from the front panel of the CNC.
This means that the programming can be carried out both at the machine and at a remote location, e.g. in a programming office.
In the PLAY BACK mode, the axes are shifted manually (Jog) and the coordinates reached are then entered as the program coordinates.
In the TEACH IN mode, a block is written and executed and then entered as part of the program.
In the EDITING mode, the complete program is recorded and then executed.
1.1. EXTERNAL PROGRAMMING
If the programming is to be carried out by means of an external peripheral, ISO code must be used. % will initiate the program, followed by the program number (five digits, followed by the characters, RT or LF and the N of the first block). ReTurn or LineFeed must be used after each block prior to the N of the beginning of the following block.
To end the program the characters ESCape (ESC) or End Of Tape (EOT) or a series of
20 nul characters (ASCII 00) must be used.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 1
1.2. TEXT PROGRAMMING
Comments to be displayed on the CRT must be written between parenthesis ( ).
(43 characters maximum, parenthesis included).
The comment must be written at the end of the block, that is:
N4 G.. X.. F.. M.. (comment).
If the first character in parenthesis is an asterisk (* Comment) the comment will blink on the screen.
An EMPTY comment ( ) cancels the display of the previous one.
1.3. DNC CONNECTION
Every CNC offers as a standard feature, the possibility of working with DNC (Distributed numerical control), enabling the communication between the CNC and a computer to carry out the following functions:
. Directory and deletion commands
. Program and table transfers between the CNC and acomputer
. Execution of infinite program
. Machine remote control
. Ability to supervise the status of the advanced DNC systems
2 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
1.4. THE FAGORDNC
Communication program Commercialized in a 5.25" or 3.5" flexible diskette is an application for the connection of FAGOR numerical controls to a PC COMPATIBLE computer with FAGOR Numerical Controls, using the DNC incorporated in those controls.
Several CNC can be connected to the DNC through the RS 232 lines of these computers.
The operation mode is interactive, with MENUS which guide the user and simplify the use of this program.
The computer is used as a part-programs centralized STORAGE, avoiding the use of awkward puncher tapes. This simplifies the version upgrading, allows to make safety copies, listing and edition of part programs with inclusion of comments .....
The manual of DNC connection and the FAGORDNC communication can be requested at this address.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 3
2. CREATING A PROGRAM
The machining program must be entered in a form acceptable to the CNC. It must include all the geometrical and technological data required for the machine-tool to perform the required functions and movements.
A program is built up in the form of a sequence of blocks.
Each programming block consists of:
N
G
Block No.
Preparatory functions
V,W,X,Y,Z Coordinate values
F Feedrate
S
T
M
Spindle speed
Tool No.
Miscellaneous functions
This order has to be maintained within each block, although each block does not necessarily contain all of these items.
4 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
3. PROGRAM FORMAT
The CNC can be programmed in millimeters or in inches.
Metric format (in mm):
P(%)5 N4 G2 V +/-4.3 W+/-4.3 X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 Z+/- 4.3 F5.5 S4 T2.2 M2
Format in inches:
P(%)5 N4 G2 V+/-4.3 W+/-3.4 X+/-3.4 Y+/-3.4 Z+/-3.4 F5.5 S4 T2.2 M2
+/- 4.3 Means that a positive or negative figure with up to four digits to the left of the decimal point and three to the right may be programmed.
+/- 3.4 Means that a positive or negative figure with up to four digits to the left of the decimal point and three to the right may be programmed.
4 Means that only a positive integer (no decimals) of up to four digits may be programmed.
2.2
Means that only a positive value of up to two digits to the left and two to the right of the decimal point may be programmed.
The CNC can control up to 5 axes (V,W,X,Y,Z) depending on the type of machine used.
Programming in the same block of the 5th axis V, of the 4th axis W and the one associated with both, which is indicated in the machine parameter P11, is incompatible.
The 4th axis W can be replaced with the 5th axis V in the different programming formats which are indicated in the manual.
Throughout this manual the format corresponding to each function will be enumerated, as well as the meaning of the different parameters used.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 5
3.1. PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING
It is also possible to program in a block any function by parameters, except the program number, the block number, G functions, in the same block of another piece of data, such as: G4K..;G22N..;G25N.. etc in such a way that , when executing the block, the function takes the current value of the parameter.
Combinations of fixed values and parameters can be programmed in the same block, e.g.:
N4 GP36 X37.5 YP13 FP10 S1500 TP4.P4 MP2
The CNC has 255 arithmetic parameters (P00/P254). (See chapter 13 of this manual,
Parametric Programming,).
6 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
4. PROGRAM NUMBERING
Every program must be numbered between 0 and 99998.
This number must be entered at the beginning of the program, before the first block.
If the program is entered from an external peripheral, the symbol % is used, followed by the number required and the pressing of LF or RT or both followed by the N of the first block.
5. PROGRAM BLOCKS
5.1. BLOCK NUMBERING
The block number is used to identify each of the blocks that make up a program.
The block number consists of the letter N followed by a figure between 0 and 9999.
This number must be written at the start of each block.
Blocks may be given any number between 0 and 9999 except that no block may be given a lower number than the blocks preceding it in the program.
It is advisable to avoid giving blocks consecutive numbers, so that new blocks can be interposed where required.
If the CNC is programmed from its front panel, blocks are automatically numbered in steps of 10. The automatic numbering can be manually altered.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 7
5.2. CONDITIONAL BLOCKS
There are two types of conditional blocks: a) N4 Standard conditional block
If next to the block number N4 (0-9999), a decimal point (.) is written, the block is characterized as a normal conditional block. That means that the CNC will execute it, only if the relevant external signal (enabling input for conditional blocks) is activated.
During many program execution, the CNC reads four blocks ahead the one being executed, so the external signal is to be activated, at least during the execution of the fifth block previous to the conditional block, for its execution to be carried out.
b) M4 Special conditional block
If next to the block number N4, two decimal points (..) are written, the block is characterized as a special conditional block, in other words, the CNC will execute it, only if the relevant external signal (enabling input for conditional blocks) is activated.
In this case, it is enough to activate the external signal (conditional input), during the execution of the block previous to the special conditional block, for its execution to be carried out.
The N4.. special conditional block, cancels G41 or G42 tool radius compensation.
8 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6. PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS
The preparatory functions are programmed by means of the letter G followed by two digits
(G2).
They are always programmed at the start of the block and are used to determine the geometry and operating state of the CNC.
6.1. TABLE OF G FUNCTIONS USED AT THE CNC
(Modal) G00* : Positioning (Modal)
G01 : Linear interpolation
(Modal) G02 : Clockwise circular helical interpolation
(Modal) G03 : Counter-clockwise circular helical interpolation
G04 : Dwell, duration programmed by means of K
(Modal) G05 : Round corner
G06 : Circular Interpolation with absolute center coordinates
(Modal) G07* : Square corner
G08 : Arc tangent to previous path
G09 : Arc programmed by three points
(Modal) G10* : Cancellation of mirror image
(Modal) G11 : Mirror image on the X axis
(Modal) G12 : Mirror image on the Y axis
(Modal) G13 : Mirror image on the Z axis
(Modal) G17* : Selection of the XY plane
(Modal) G18 : Selection of the XZ plane
(Modal) G19 : Selection of the YZ plane
G20 : Call for standard subroutine
G21 : Call for parametric subroutine
G22 : Definition of standard subroutine
G23 : Definition of parametric subroutine
G24 : End of subroutine
G25 : Unconditional jump/call
G26 : Conditional jump/call if zero
G27 : Conditional jump/call if different from zero
G28 : Conditional jump/call if smaller than zero
G29 : Conditional jump/call if equal to or greater than zero
G30 : Display error code defined by K
G31 : Store present program’s datum point
G32 : Retrieve datum point stored by G31
Modal) G33 : Threadcutting
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 9
G36 : Automatic radius blend
G37 : Tangential approach
G38 : Tangential exit
G39 : Chamfering
(Modal) G40* : Cancellation of radius compensation
(Modal) G41 : Left hand radius compensation
(Modal) G42 : Right hand radius compensation
(Modal) G43 : Length compensation
(Modal) G44* : Cancellation of length compensation
(Modal) G47 : Single block treatment
(Modal) G48* : Cancellation of single block treatment
G50 : Loading of the values in the tool offset table
G52 : Communication with FAGOR LOCAL AREA NETWORK
(Modal) G53-G59 : Zero offsets
G64 : Multiple arc pattern machining cycle
G65 : Independent axis execution
(Modal) G70 : Programming in inches
(Modal) G71 : Programming in millimeters
(Modal) G72 : Scaling factor
(Modal) G73 : Pattern rotation
G74 : Automatic search for machine reference
G75 : Probing
G75 N2: Probing canned cycles
G76 : Automatic block generation
(Modal) G77 : Coupling of 4th axis W or 5th axis V with associated axis
(Modal) G78* : Cancellation of G77.
(Modal) G79 : User defined canned cycle
(Modal) G80* : Cancellation of canned cycles
(Modal) G81 : Drilling canned cycle
(Modal) G82 : Drilling canned cycle with dwell
(Modal) G83 : Deep drilling canned cycle
(Modal) G84 : Tapping canned cycle
(Modal) G85 : Reaming canned cycle
(Modal) G86 : Boring canned cycle with G00 withdrawal
(Modal) G87 : Rectangular pocket canned cycle
(Modal) G88 : Circular pocket canned cycle
(Modal) G89 : Boring canned cycle with G01 withdrawal
(Modal) G90* : Programming of absolute coordinates
(Modal) G91 : Programming of incremental coordinates
G92 : Preselection of coordinates
G93 : Preselection of polar origin
(Modal) G94* : Feedrate F in mm/min. (inches/min.)
(Modal) G95 : Feedrate F in mm/rev. (inches/rev.)
(Modal) G96 : Constant surface feed
(Modal) G97* : Constant surface speed at the center of the tool
(Modal) G98* : Tool return to starting plane on completing a canned cycle
(Modal) G99 : Tool return to reference (approach) plane on completing a canned cycle
10 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Functions G75 N2 and G76 are only available on the model 8025/30 MS model.
Modal means that once the G functions have been programmed they remain active until cancelled by another G which is incompatible or by M02,M30,EMERGENCY or
RESET.
The G functions marked * are those which the CNC assumes on being turned on or after executing M02 or M30 or after an EMERGENCY or RESET. Whether G05 or G07 is assumed will depend on the value assigned to P613(5).
All the G’s required may be programmed in any order in the same block, except
G20,G21,G22,G23,G24,G25,G26,G27,G28,G29,G30,G31,G32,G50,G52,G53,G59,G72,G73,G74 and G92 which have to be alone in a block.
If incompatible G functions are programmed in the same block, the CNC assumes the one programmed last.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 11
6.2. TYPES OF MOVEMENT
6.2.1. G00. Positioning
The movements programmed following G00 are executed at rapid feedrate set during the final adjustment of the machine by means of the machine-parameters.
There are two different ways of movement in G00, depending on the value applied to
P610(2) machine- parameter.
a) Path not controlled. P610(2)=0
The rapid feedrate value is independent for each axis, thus, the path is not controlled when more than one axis move at the same time.
b) Vectored G00. P610(2)=1
In this case the resultant path is always a straight line between the initial and the final point, no matter the number of axes that are moving.
a) P610(2)=0 b) P610(2)=1
Initial point X100 Y100
N4 G00 G90 X400 Y300
12 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
In G00 movements, P4 machine-parameter can be used to identify whether the feedrate override knob operates between 0% and 100% or is frozen at 100%.
When the CNC is turned on, after executing M02/M30 or after an EMERGENCY or
RESET, the CNC takes the code G00 on. The code G00 is modal and incompatible with
G01,G02,G03 and G33.
G00 function can be programmed with G, G0 or G00.
When programming G00 function, the last F programmed is not cancelled, that means that when G01,G02 or G03 is programmed again, the mentioned F is recovered.
6.2.2. G01. Linear interpolation
The movements programmed after G01 are performed in a straight line at the feedrate F programmed.
When two or three axes move simultaneously, the resulting path is a straight line between the initial point and the final point.
The machine moves along that path at the programmed feedrate F. The CNC calculates the feedrates of each axis so that the feedrate of the resulting path is the programmed F.
Example:
G01 G90 X650 Y400 F150
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 13
The knob on the front panel of the CNC (M.F.O.) can be used to vary the programmed feedrate F between 0% and 120% or between 0% and 100%, according to parameter
P606(2).
If, during a G01 movement, the RAPID FEED key is pressed, the movement will be performed at twice the programmed feedrate if P606(2) is zero. The same thing will happen when the external START input is activated if P609(7) is one. Function G01 is modal and incompatible with G00,G02,G03 and G33. Function G01 can be programmed as G1.
6.2.3. G02/G03. Circular helical interpolation
G02: Clockwise circular helical interpolation.
G03: Counter-clockwise circular helical interpolation.
14 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.2.3.1. Circular interpolation
The movements programmed following G02/G03 are performed in a circular path at the programmed feedrate F.
The definitions of clockwise (G02) and counter-clockwise (G03) have been fixed according to the system of coordinates depicted below (right-hand or dextrogyratory system).
This system of coordinates is referred to the movement of the tool over the part.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 15
Atention:
The direction of G02 and G03 on the XZ plane can be changed by means of parameter P605(4).
If the system of left-hand coordinates is used, the directions of G02 and
G03 are reversed.
Circular interpolation can only be carried out in the plane. The method of defining circular interpolation is as follows:
Cartesian coordinates
XY plane
G17 G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 F5.4
XZ plane
G18 G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
YZ plane
G19 G02 (G03) Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
In the case of four-axis machines: a) If the fourth axis (W) is incompatible with the X axis.
WY plane
G17 G02 (G03) W+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 F5.4
WZ plane
G18 G02 (G03) W+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
b) If the fourth axis (W) is incompatible with the Y axis.
WX plane
G17 G02 (G03) W+/-4.3 X+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 F5.4
WZ plane
G19 G02 (G03) W+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
c) If the fourth axis is incompatible with the Z axis.
WX plane
G18 G02 (G03) W+/-4.3 X+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
WY plane
16
G19 G02 (G03) W+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Polar coordinates
XY plane
G17 G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 F5.4
XZ plane
G18 G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
YZ plane
G19 G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
In the case of four-axis machines: a) If the fourth axis (W) is incompatible with the X axis.
WY plane
G17 G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 F5.4
WZ plane
G18 G02 (G03) A+/-3.2 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
b) If the fourth axis (W) is incompatible with the Y axis.
WX plane
G17 G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 F5.4
WZ plane
G19 G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
c) If the fourth axis is incompatible with the Z axis.
WX plane
G18 G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
WY plane
G19 G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 F5.4
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 17
The fourth axis (W) must be linear and therefore P600(1)(2) and (3) must be zero.
Atention:
In 5-axis machines, programming of the 5th axis V is equivalent to that described for the 4th axis W.
Functions G17,G18,G19 define the XY,XZ,YZ interpolation planes.
These functions are modal and incompatible with one another, i.e. once programmed they remain active until another one is programmed.
In the case of four (five)-axis machines: a. If W (V) is incompatible with X
G17 defines the XY or WY (VY) planes.
G18 defines the XZ or WZ (VZ) planes.
b. If W (V) is incompatible with Y
G17 defines the XY or XW (VX) planes.
G19 defines the YZ or WZ (VZ) planes.
c. If W (V) is incompatible with Z
G18 defines the XZ or XW (VX) planes.
G19 defines the YZ or YW (VY) planes.
18 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Once any of the codes G17,G18,G19 has been programmed, the CNC will move the axes programmed thereafter.
I,J,K define the arc’s center.
I: distance from the starting point to the arc’s center, along X(W)(V) axis.
J: distance from the starting point to the arc’s center, along Y(W)(V) axis.
K: distance from the starting point to the arc’s center, along Z(W)(V) axis.
I,J,K must be programmed with sign. They must always be programmed, even when their value is zero.
The CNC takes the arc’s center as the new polar origin when carrying out a G02,G03 circular interpolation.
The knob on the front panel of the CNC (M.F.O.) can be used to vary the programmed feedrate F between 0% and 120% or between 0% and 100%, according to parameter
P606(2).
If during a G02/G03 movement a Rapid Feed key is pressed, the movement will be performed at twice the programmed feedrate if P606(2) is zero. The same thing will happen when the external START input is activated if P609(7) is one.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 19
Example:
CARTESIAN COORDINATES
G17 G02 G91 X26 Y26 I18 J8 G17 G02 G91 X26 Y-26 I8 J-18
POLAR COORDINATES
G17 G02 G91 A-138 I18 J8 G17 G02 G91 A- 138 I8 J-18
Any arc of up to a value of 360º can be programmed.
Functions G02/G03 are modal and incompatible both with one another and with G00,G01 and G33.
Functions G74,G75,M06 (machining centers) and M22,M23,M24,M25 (machines with pallets) cancel G02/G03 functions.
Functions G02/G03 can be programmed as G2/G3.
20 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
Cartesian coordinate values:
N5 G90 G17 G03 X110 Y90 I0 J50 F150
N10 X160 Y40 I50 J0
Polar coordinate values:
N5 G90 G17 G03 A0 I0 J50 F150
N10 A-90 I50 J0 or,
N5 G91 G17 G03 A90 I0 J50 F150
N10 A90 I50 J0 or,
N5 G93 I60 J90
N10 G90 G17 G03 A0 F150
N15 G93 I160 J90
N20 A-90 or,
N5 G93 I60 J90
N10 G91 G17 G03 A90 F150
N15 G93 I160 J90
N20 A90
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 21
Example: Single block programming of a full circle.
Assuming that the starting point is X170 Y80
Cartesian coordinate values:
N5 G90 G17 G02 X170 Y80 I-50 J0 F150
Polar coordinate values:
N5 G90 G17 G02 A360 I-50 J0 F150 or,
N5 G93 I120 J80 (Definition of polar centre)
N10 G17 G02 A360
22 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.2.3.2. Circular interpolation in cartesian coordinates by programming the radius
The programming format is the following:
For the XY
Plane G17 G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 R+/-4.3 F5.4
This means that an arc can be programmed with its final point plus the radius (Center coordinates I,J are not required).
For the XZ Plane the format would be:
G18 G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 R+/-4.3 F5.4
For the YZ Plane the format would be:
G19 G02 (G03) Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 R+/-4.3 F5.4
If a circle is programmed by means of its radius programming, error 47 will be displayed as there are infinite solutions. If the arc is smaller than 180º, the radius will be programmed with positive sign and if it is greater than 180º, the sign will be negative.
If P0 is the initial point and P1 the final point of the arc, there are four different arcs for a given value of R.
By combining the direction (G02/G03) and the sign of R(+/-). The required arc is identified.
Arc 1 G02 X — Y — R -
Arc 2 G02 X — Y — R +
Arc 3 G03 X — Y — R +
Arc 4 G03 X — Y — R -
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 23
6.2.3.3. G06. Circular interpolation with absolute center coordinates
By adding function G06 in a block with circular interpolation, the coordinate values for the center of the arc (I, J, K) can be given in absolute; that is, the distance from the center to the datum point and not to the starting point of the arc.
The G06 function is not modal, therefore it must be programmed whenever it is wished to indicate coordinates within the arc, in absolute coordinates.
For example: Starting point X60 Y40
Circular interpolation by programming the radius:
N5 G90 G17 G03 X110 Y90 R50 F150
N10 X160 Y40 R50
Circular interpolation with absolute center coordinates:
N5 G90 G17 G06 G03 X110 Y90 I60 J90 F150
N10 G06 X160 Y40 I160 J90
24 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.2.3.4. Helical interpolation
Helical interpolations can be programmed by using G02/G03. Helical interpolation is defined as a circular interpolation on the main plane plus a simultaneous synchronized linear movement on the third axis. It is programmed as follows:
Cartesian coordinates In millimeters
XY plane
G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 K4.3 F5.4
XY. Coordinate values of the arc’s final point.
IJ.
Center coordinates referred to the arc’s initial point.
Z.
Final position on the Z axis.
K.
Helical pitch on the Z axis.
F.
Feedrate of the circular interpolation.
XZ plane
G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 J4.3 F5.4
YZ plane
G02 (G03) Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 X+/-4.3 I4.3 F5.4
Polar coordinates
XY Plane
G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 K4.3 F5.4
XZ plane
G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 J4.3 5.4
YZ Plane
G02 (G03) A+/-3.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 X+/-4.3 I4.3 F5.4
In a helical interpolation it is also possible to program a circular interpolation by programming the radius or by using G08 or G09.
Format for the XY plane:
G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 R+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 K4.3
G08 X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 K4.3
G09 X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3
K4.3
Helical interpolations can also be programmed with the 4th axis (W) as well as the 5th axis
(V) as long as they are linear.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 25
Example:
Starting from X0,Y0,Z0. The helical interpolation will be programmed as follows:
Cartesian coordinates
N10 G03 X0 Y0 I15 J0 Z50 K5 F150.
Polar coordinates
N10 G03 A180 I15 J0 Z50 K5 F150
Atention:
When the program is executed in DRY RUN operation mode (4), with no real machine movement, the path of the tool in a helical interpolation, will be displayed neither on the graphic simulation nor when a ZOOM function is used.
In helical movements where the final position on the axis perpendicular to the main plane is reached before the circular interpolation on the main plane (Z on the XY plane) is finished, the arc will end at the programmed coordinate value. From there to the programmed final point, the CNC will move the axes describing a straight line on a plane parallel to the main plane.
26 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
Starting from X0 Y0 Z0:
N10 G03 X0 Y0 I15 J0 Z35 K10 F250
Atention:
When a circular (helical) interpolation is programmed with G02,G03, the
CNC takes the arc’s center as the new polar origin.
6.3. G04. DWELL
Function G04 can be used to program a period of time between 0,01 and 99,99 seconds.
The dwell value is programmed by means of the letter K.
Example: G04 K0,05 Dwell of 0,05 seconds
G04 K2,5 Dwell of 2,5 seconds
If K is programmed directly, its value must be within 0.00 and 99.99. However, if a parameter (K P3) is used, the limits are 0.00 and 655.35.
The dwell is executed at the start of the block in which it is programmed.
Function G04 can be programmed as G4.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 27
6.4. TRANSITION BETWEEN BLOCKS
6.4.1. G05. Round corner (Does not wait for in position)
When operating on G05, the CNC starts to execute the next block of the program as soon as the deceleration of the axes programmed in the previous block begins (it does not wait for in-position).
In other words, the movements programmed in the next block are executed before the machine has reached the exact position programmed in the previous block.
Example:
N1 G91 G01 G05 Y70
F100 N10 X90
As can be seen in the example, the edges would remain rounded in the case of two mutually perpendicular movements.
The difference between the theoretical and actual profiles is a function of the feedrate value.
The faster the feedrate, the greater the difference between theoretical and actual profiles.
Function G05 is modal and incompatible with G07. Function G05 can be programmed as
G5.
28 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.4.2. G07. Square corner
When operating on G07, the CNC does not execute the next block of the program until the exact position presently programmed has been reached.
Example:
N5 G91 G01 G07 Y70 F100
N10 X90
The theoretical and actual profiles coincide.
Function G07 is modal and incompatible with G05.
Function G07 can be programmed as G7.
When turned ON and after M02,M30, EMERGENCY or RESET if machine parameter, the CNC assumes function G07 or G05 depending on the value assigned to machine parameter P613(5), i.e.,
. With P613(5) = 0, it assumes G07
. With P613(5) = 1, it assumes G05
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 29
6.5. G08. ARC TANGENT TO PREVIOUS PATH
An arc tangent to the previous path can be programmed by means of G08. Center coordinates (I,J,K) are not required.
Cartesian coordinates (XY plane)
N4 G08 X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3
N4
G08
: Block number
: Code defining circular interpolation tangent to previous path
X+/-4.3
: Coordinate values of the arc’s final point
Y+/-4.3
: Coordinate values of the arc’s final point
Polar coordinates:
N4 G08 R+/-4.3 A+/-4.3
N4
G08
: Block number.
: Code defining circular interpolation tangent to previous path.
R+/-4.3
: Radius (referred to polar origin) of the arc’s final point.
A+/-4.3
: Angle of the arc’s final point.
30 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
The starting point being X0 Y40 the programming of the following path is described:
- Straight line
- Arc tangent to the previous line
- Arc tangent to the previous arc
N0 G90 G01 X70 F100
N5 G08 X90 Y60
N10 G08 X110 Y60
An alternative way of programming (using I,J) would be the following:
N0 G90 G01 X70 F100
N5 G03 X90 Y60 I0 J20
N10 G02 X110 Y60 I10 J0
The function G08 is not modal. It replaces G00,G01,G02 or G03 only in the block in which it is written.
The previous path can be a straight line or an arc.
G08 replaces G02 and G03 only in the block in which it is written.
Atention:
A circle cannot be executed with G08 function, as there are infinite solutions. The CNC will display the error code 47.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 31
6.6. G09. ARC PROGRAMMED BY THREE POINTS
Two points (the final plus one intermediate point) are sufficient to program an arc provided that the actual position is the starting point. In other words, an intermediate point is programmed instead of the center.
This feature can be useful when a part is programmed in PLAY BACK and after writing
G09 in the block the machine can be manually shifted to the intermediate point of the arc and press ENTER. Then to the final point and press ENTER. In this way, the block will be stored in the memory.
Cartesian coordinates (XY plane)
N4 G09 X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3
N4
G09
: Block number.
: Code identifying 3 point arc definition.
X+/-4.3
: X value of the arc’s final point.
Y+/-4.3
: Y value of the arc’s final point.
I+/-4.3
: X value of the intermediate point.
J+/-4.3
: Y value of the intermediate point.
Polar coordinates (XY plane)
N4 G09 R+/-4.3 A+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3
N4
G09
: Block number.
: Code identifying 3 point arc definition.
R+/-4.3
: Radius (referred to polar origin) of the final point of the arc.
A+/-4.3
: Angle (referred to polar origin) of the final point of the arc.
I+/-4.3
: X value of the intermediate point.
J+/-4.3
: Y value of the intermediate point.
The intermediate point must always be programmed in cartesian coordinates.
32 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
N10 G09 X35 Y20 I-15 J25
G09 is not modal.
It is not necessary to program the direction of the arc (G02,G03) when G09 is programmed.
Function G09 replaces G02 and G03 only in the block in which it is written.
Atention:
A complete circle cannot be performed via G09 since three different points must be programmed (the starting and final points must be different). Otherwise error code 40 will be generated.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 33
6.7. MIRROR IMAGE
G10: Cancellation of mirror image
G11: Mirror image on the X axis
G12: Mirror image on the Y axis
G13: Mirror image on the Z axis
When the CNC operates on G11,G12,G13 it executes the movements programmed on
X,Y,Z with the sign reversed.
Functions G11,G12,G13 are modal; i.e. once programmed they persist until G10 is programmed.
Functions G11,G12,G13 can all be programmed in the same block, since they are not incompatible.
Example:
34 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
a) N5 G91 G01 X30 Y30 F100
N10 Y60
N12 X20 Y-20
N15 X40
N20 G02 X 0 Y-40 I 0 J-20
N25 G01 X-60
N30 X-30 Y-30 b) N35 G11
N40 G25 N5.30
c) N45 G10 G12
N50 G25 N5,30 d) N55 G11 G12
N60 G25 N5.30
N65 M30
If mirror imaging is programmed while G73 (pattern rotation) is active the CNC will apply mirror image first and then the rotation.
In 4 (5) axis machines, mirror image cannot be applied to the 4th (5th) axis.
The CNC assumes G10 on being turned ON, after executing M02,M30 or after an
EMERGENCY or RESET.
Case of continuous figures
N10 X— Y—
N20 ' '
N30 ' '
N40 ' '
N50 ' '
N60 G11 G12
N70 G25 N10.50
N80 M30
In continuous figures, the mirror image will only be used after having programmed half the part.
Afterwards, we will use G11 G12.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 35
6.8. PLANE SELECTION
G17 : Selection of the XY plane
G18 : Selection of the XZ plane
G19 : Selection of the YZ plane
The main plane must be correctly selected in order to perform: Circular interpolation, controlled corner rounding, tangential approach, tangential exit, chamfering, canned cycles, pattern rotation, tool compensation.
The CNC applies radius compensation to the two axes of the plane selected and length compensation to the axis perpendicular to that plane.
As previously explained (G02/G03), in the case of four (five) axis machines the same codes (G17,G18,G19) are used for working with the fourth (fifth) axis.
If the W (V) axis is incompatible with the X axis.
G17 : Selection of the XY or WY or VY plane
G18 : Selection of the XZ or WZ or VZ plane
If they are incompatible with the Y axis.
G17 : Selection of the XY or XW or VX plane
G19 : Selection of the YZ or WZ or VZ plane
If they are incompatible with the Z axis.
G18 : Selection of the XZ or XW or VX plane
G19 : Selection of the YZ or YW or VY plane
Functions G17,G18,G19 are modal and incompatible with one another.
36 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
The CNC assumes function G17 on being turned on, after executing M02,M30 or after an EMERGENCY or RESET.
6.9. G25. UNCONDITIONAL JUMP/CALL
The function G25 can be used to jump to another block of the current program. In the same block in which the G25 function is programmed it is not possible to program more information. There are two possibilities:
Format a) N4 G25 N4
N4 - Block number
G25 - Code for unconditional jump
N4 - Number of the block the jump is aimed at
When the CNC reads this block, it jumps to the targeted block and the program continues.
Example:
N0 G00 X100
N5 Z50
N10 G25 N50
N15 X50
N20 Z70
N50 G01 X20
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 37
When the block 10 is reached, the CNC jumps to block 50 and then the program continues until it is finished.
b) N4 G25 N4.4.2
N4 > Block number
G25 > Code unconditional jump
N4.4.2 > Number of repetitions
> Number of the last block to be executed
> Number of the block to which the jump is targeted
When the CNC reads such a block, it jumps to the block identified between the N and the first decimal point. It then executes the section of the program between this block and the one identified between the two decimal points as many times as set by the last digit. This lastdigit can take a value within 0 and 99, unless it is programmed using a parameter in which case the limits are 0 and 255. If only N4.4 is written, the CNC will assume N4.4.1.
When the execution of this section is finished the CNC goes to the block next to the one in which G25 N4.4.2 was programmed.
Example:
N0 G00 X10
N5 Z20
N10 G01 X50 M3
N15 G00 Z0
N20 X0
N25 G25 N0.20.8
N30 M30
When block 25 is reached, the CNC will jump to block 0 and will execute 8 times the section N0-N20. On completion of this, it will go to block 30.
Functions G26,G27,G28,G29 and G30 will be described in the corresponding chapter of this manual PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING, OPERATIONS WITH PARAME-
TERS.
38 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.10. G31-G32. STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF PART PROGRAM'S ZERO
POINT
G31 : Store present program’s datum point
G32 : Retrieve datum point stored by G31
By means of the G31 function, it is possible at any time to store the zero point which we are working with and recover it later by means of the G32 function.
This feature is intended to simplify the operation with multi-zero part programs. A datum point can be stored any time with G31, change the zero point with G92 or G53-G59, dimension the continuation of the program with respect to the new zero point and later retrieve the original zero point by G32.
No other function can be programmed in a block in which G31 or G32 is programmed. The format is:
N4 G31
N4 G32
N4 : Block number
G31 : Store current zero point
G32 : Recover the stored zero point with G31.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 39
Example:
The tool’s starting point is X0 Y0 Z5
N10 G00 G90 X-50 Y50 (Tool over the center of fig. 1)
N20 G20 N1.1
N30 X60 Y110
(Calling of subroutine number 1)
(Tool over the center of fig. 2)
N40 G20 N1.1
N50 X35 Y-90
N60 G20 N1.1
N70 M30
(Tool over the center of fig. 3)
N100 G22 N1
N110 G31
N120 G92 X0 Y0
N130 G1 Z-20 F350
N140 X— Y—
N ---
N ---
N ---
N ---
N ---
N200 G0 Z5
(End of program.)
(Definition of subroutine number 1)
(Store current datum point.)
(Preselection of coordinate values)
(Shift the tool.)
(Programming of internal contour in Fig 1)
N210 G32
N220 G24
(Return the tool to starting point)
(Retrieve datum point stored by G31)
(End of subroutine.)
40 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.11. G33. THREADCUTTING
If the milling machine’s spindle does have an encoder, threadcutting can be carried out with function G33.
G33 is modal, i.e. it remains active until cancelled by G00,G01,G02,G03,M02,M03,
EMERGENCY or RESET.
Format:
N4 G33 Z+/-4.3 K3.4 (metric)
N4 G33 Z+/-3.4 K2.4 (inches)
N4
G33
- Block number
- Threadcutting code
Z+/-4.3 (+/-3.4) - Coordinate value of the final point of the thread.
It will be absolute or incremental depending on G90 or G91.
K3.4 (2.4) - Pitch Operating in G05 mode threads of different pitch can be cut
without losing synchronism
While G33 is active, The FEEDRATE OVERRIDE knob on the front panel has no effect and the feedrate is set for 100%. Also, the spindle speed cannot be altered from the front panel keys.
Example: Cut a thread using a boring tool placed 10 mm higher than the surface of the part.
The surface is considered Z=0 and the thread is to be cut around the point X=0 Y=0.
This thread, 5 mm lead and 100 mm deep, must be cut in one pass.
N0 G90 G33 Z-100 K5
N5 M19
N10 G00 X3
N15 Z30
N20 X0 Z10 M03
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 41
Block N0
The tool will move up to Z-100 cutting a thread of 5 mm pitch.
Block N5
When reading M19 the CNC commands a very slow rotation of the spindle until it reaches the correct withdrawal position.
Block N10
The example has assumed that the tool is pointing in the X axis direction when stopped.
(This position is determined when setting up the machine). The tool withdraws 3 mm in rapid to clear the return.
Block N15
The tool withdraws in rapid to Z30 (30 mm above thepart’s surface).
Block N20
The spindle is started again and goes in rapid to the starting point X0,Y0,Z10. From then on, the threadcutting can be repeated.
42 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.12. G36. AUTOMATIC RADIUS BLEND
This function, G36, rounds the corners with a programmed radius, without the need to calculate the coordinates of the center and the initial and final points of the arc.
G36 is not modal; i.e. it must be programmed every time a corner rounding is needed.
It must be programmed in the same block as the movement whose end must be rounded.
The rounding radius must be always positive (R 4.3 in mm) (R 3.4 in inch).
X .- X value of intersection point of the two G01 moves.
Y.- Y value of intersection point of the two G01 moves.
Examples:
1.
N50 G90 G01 G36 R5 X35 Y60 F100
N60 X50 Y0
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 43
2.
N50 G90 G03 G36 R5 X50 Y50 I0 J30 F100
N60 G01 X50 Y0
44 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.13. G37. TANGENTIAL APPROACH AT THE START OF MACHINING
The preparatory function G37 can be used to link two paths tangentially without having to calculate the intersection points. Function G37 is not modal, so it has to be programmed every time a machining operation with tangential entry is to be started.
Example:
Let us suppose that the starting point is X0,Y30 and that an arc of circle is to be machined and the approach path is to be rectilinear. We shall program as follows:
N0 G90 G01 X40 F100
N5 G02 X60 Y10 I20 J0
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 45
In the same example, if we want the tool entry to the part being machined to be tangential to the path (See fig.), describing a radius of 5 mm., the following must be programmed:
N0 G90 G01 G37 R5 X40 F100
N5 G02 X60 Y10 I20 J0
As can be seen in the diagram, the CNC modifies the path of block N0 so that the tool starts machining with a tangential entry to the part.
Function G37 and the value of R have to be programmed in the block which incorporates the path that is to be modified.
The value of R has in all cases to be a continuation of G37 and indicates the radius of the arc of circle which the CNC introduces in order to achieve a tangential entry to the part.
This value of R must always be positive.
Function G37 may only be programmed in a block which incorporates rectilinear movement (G00 or G01). If it is programmed in a block which incorporates circular movement (G02 or G03), the CNC will show a type 41 error.
* G37 is programmed with the input radius.
Conditions to be borne in mind.
a)D
≥
2 entry radius.
b)Radius r of the milling tool entry Radius R.
c)The entry section must be linear. It cannot be circular.
46 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.14. G38. TANGENTIAL EXIT ON COMPLETION OF MACHINING
Function G38 enables a machining operation to be completed with a tangential exit of the tool without involving cumbersome calculations.
Function G38 is not modal, so it has to be programmed every time a tangential tool exit is required.
The radius (R 4.3 in mm)(R 3.4 in inch) of the exit arc must be programmed to follow G38.
Example:
Let us suppose that the starting point is X0,Y30. The initial straight section is an approach movement involving no machining, the circular section performs a machining operation and the final straight involves no machining.
The program will be:
N0 G90 G01 X40 F100
N5 G02 X80 Y30 I20 J0
N10 G00 X120
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 47
If the tool exit on completion of machining is to be tangential, e.g. with an exit radius of
5 mm., the following must be programmed:
N0 G90 G01 X40 F100
N5 G90 G02 G38 R5 X80 Y30 I20 J0
N10 G00 X120
Milling tool radius
The movement programmed in the block following the one including G38, must necessarily be rectilinear (G00 or G01).
In the subsequent path is circular (G02 or G03), the CNC will show a type 42 error.
* Conditions for using G38 are similar to G37.
48 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.15. G39. CHAMFERING
This function chamfers the corner between two straight lines without the need to calculate the coordinates of the two intersections.
G39 is not modal, i.e. it must be programmed every time a chamfering is needed.
It must be programmed in the same block as the movement whose end must be chamfered.
Use the code R4.3 in mm (R3.4 in inch), always positive, to program the distance between the final point programmed and the point in which the chamfer is to start.
X .- X value of intersection point of the two G01 moves.
Y.- Y value of intersection point of the two G01 moves.
Example:
N0 G90 G01 G39 R15 X35 Y60 F100
N10 X50 Y0
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 49
6.16. TOOL RADIUS COMPENSATION
In normal milling work the path of the tool has to be calculated and defined taking its radius into account so as to obtain the required dimensions of the part produced.
Tool radius compensation enables the contour of the part to be programmed directly without taking the dimensions of the tool into account.
The CNC automatically calculates the path to be followed by the tool, based on the contour of the part and the tool radius value stored in the tool table.
There are three preparatory functions for tool radius compensation:
G40 : Cancellation of tool radius compensation
G41 : Left hand tool radius compensation
G42 : Right hand tool radius compensation
G41. The tool is on the left of the part as seen from the direction of movement.
G42. The tool is on the right of the part as seen from the direction of movement.
50 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
The CNC has a table of up to 100 pairs of values for tool radius compensation. R identifies the tool radius and I the tool wear. The CNC will add (or subtract) the value of I to the value of R.
The maximum compensation values are:
R +/-1000 mm or +/-39.3699 inches
I +/-32.766 mm or +/-1.2900 inches
The compensation values must be stored in the tool table (operating mode 8) before starting the machining or else at the beginning of a part program by means of G50.
The values of I,K can also be checked and modified without stopping the cycle’s execution
(See Operation Manual).
Once the plane in which the compensation is to be applied has been determined by codes
G17,G18,G19 the compensation is made effective by means of G41 or G42 and acquires the table value selected by code Txx.xx (Txx.00-Txx.99).
Functions G41 and G42 are modal (persistent) and are cancelled by G40, G74, G81, G82,
G83,G84,G85,G86,G87,G88,G89,M02 and M30 and by EMERGENCY or RESET.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 51
6.16.1. Selection and initiation of tool radius compensation
Once G17,G18 or G19 has been used to select the plane in which tool radius compensation is to be applied, the code G41 or G42 must be used to initiate compensation.
G41: The tool remains to the left of the part in the machining direction.
G42: The tool remains to the right of the part in the machining direction.
Either the block in which G41/G42 is programmed or a previous block must include programming of function Txx.xx (Txx.00-Txx.99) to select from the tool table the correction value to be applied. If no tool is selected, the CNC assumes the value T00.00.
Tool radius compensation selection (G41/G42) can only be carried out when G00 or G01
(rectilinear movements) is active. If the first call for compensation is made when G02 or
G03 are active, the CNC will display error code 40. The next pages illustrate various cases of initiation of tool radius compensation.
52 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
STRAIGHT-STRAIGHT PATH
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
C.P. Compensated path
P.P. Programmed path
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P. (Path programmed in 2 blocks)
C.P.
P.P.
53
STRAIGHT-CURVE PATH
54
C.P. Compensated path
P.P. Programmed path
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Special cases to be considered
a. If compensation is programmed in a block in which there is no movement, the initiation of the compensation differs from the case explained above (compare with diagram in section on Straight/straight path).
N0 G91 G41 G01 T00.00
N5 Y-100
N10 X+100
1)
b. If compensation is entered with zero movement programming:
N0 G91 G01 X100 Y100
N5 G41 X0 T00.00
N10 Y-100
2)
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 55
6.16.2. Operating with tool radius compensation
The graphs below illustrate the various paths followed by a tool controlled by a CNC programmed with radius compensation.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
56 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 57
58
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
P.P.
C.P.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
P.P.
C.P.
C.P. P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
P.P.
C.P.
59
When the CNC operates with tool radius compensation, it reads four blocks ahead of the block being executed so that it can calculate in advance the path to be followed.
There are certain cases in which particular care has to be taken.
For instance:
Three or more blocks which do not include movement in the compensation plane, between blocks which do.
N0 G01 G91 G17 G41 X50 Y50 F100 T1.1
N5 Y100
N10 X200
N15 Z100
N20 M07
N25 Z200
N30 Y-100
Error 35 will be displayed at point (1). Only blocks containing G20, G21, G22, G23, G24,
G25,G26,G27,G28 or G29 can be programmed and they will not originate error 35 as they will not have a block without movement.
60 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.16.3. Cancellation of tool radius compensation
Tool radius compensation is cancelled by function G40.
It should be borne in mind that tool radius compensation cancellation (G40) can only be carried out in a block in which a rectilinear movement is programmed (G00,G01).
If G40 is programmed in a block containing G02 or G03, the CNC will give alarm 40.
The following is a table of various cases of cancellation of compensation.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 61
STRAIGHT PATH
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
62
(Path programmed in
2 blocks)
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
CURVE-STRAIGHT PATH
C.P. P.P.
C.P. P.P.
C.P. P.P.
C.P.
P.P.
C.P. P.P.
C.P. P.P.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 63
Example of machining with tool radius compensation
Compensated radius
Programmed path
(part profile)
Tool radius : 10 mm.
Tool number : T1.1
It is assumed that there are no movements on the Z axis.
N0 G92 X0 Y0 Z0
N5 G90 G17 S100 T1.1 M03
N10 G41 G01 X40 Y30 F125
N15 Y70
N20 X90
N25 Y30
N30 X40
N35 G40 G00 X0 Y0 M30
64 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example of machining with tool radius compensation
Compensated radius
Programmed path
(part profile)
Tool radius : 10 mm.
Tool number : T1.1
It is assumed that there are no movements on the Z axis.
N0 G92 X0 Y0 Z0
N5 G90 G17 G01 F150 S100 T1.1 M03
N10 G42 X30 Y30
N15 X50
N20 Y60
N25 X80
N30 X100 Y40
N35 X140
N40 X120 Y70
N45 X30
N50 Y30
N55 G40 G00 X0 Y0 M30
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 65
Example of machining with tool radius compensation
Compensated radius
Programmed path
(part profile)
Tool radius : 10 mm.
Tool number : T1.1
It is assumed that there are no movements on the Z axis.
N0 G92 X0 Y0 Z0
N5 G90 G01 G17 F150 S100 T1.1 M03
N10 G42 X20 Y20
N15 X50 Y30
N20 X70
N25 G03 X85 Y45 I0 J15
N30 G02 X100 Y60 I15 J0
N35 G01 Y70
N40 X55
N45 G02 X25 Y70 I-15 J0
N50 G01 X20 Y20
N55 G40 G00 X0 Y0 M05 M30
66 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.17. TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION
This function makes it possible to compensate for possible differences in length between the tool programmed and the tool to be used.
As previously indicated in the section on tool radius compensation, the CNC has storage capacity for dimensions, radius and length of 100 tools (Txx.oo- Txx.99).
L identifies the tool length and K the tool wear. The CNC will add (or subtract) the value of K to the value of L.
The maximum length compensation values are:
L+/-1000 mm or +/-39.3699 inches K+/-32.766 mm (1.2900 inches)
The call codes for length compensation are:
G43 : Length compensation
G44 : Cancellation of length compensation
When G43 is programmed, the CNC compensates the length according to the value selected from the tool table (Txx.00-Txx.99).
Length compensation is applied to the axis perpendicular to the principal plane.
G17 : Length compensation on the Z axis
G18 : Length compensation on the Y axis
G19 : Length compensation on the X axis
The tool length compensation will be applied on the 4th axis (W) or to the 5th axis (V) when appropriate, i.e. when appropriate, i.e. when the axis linked to it is not on the main plane.
Function G43 is modal (persistent) and is cancelled by G44, G74, M02, M30,
EMERGENCY or RESET.
Length compensation can be used in conjunction with canned cycles, although in that case the precaution has to be taken of applying the compensation before the cycle starts.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 67
Example of tool length compensation
It is supposed that the tool used is 4 mm shorter than the tool programmed.
The tool number is T1.1 (the value recorded in the tool table is L-4).
N0 G92 X0 Y0 Z0
N5 G91 G00 G05 X50 Y35 S500 M03
N10 G43 Z-25 T1.1
N15 G01 G07 Z-12 F100
N20 G00 Z12
N25 X40
N30 G01 Z-17
N35 G00 G05 G44 Z42 M05
N40 G90 G07 X0 Y0
N45 M30
68 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.18. G47 - SINGLE BLOCK TREATMENT
G48 - CANCELLATION OF SINGLE BLOCK TREATMENT
As of the execution of function G47, the CNC executes all the blocks which come next as if it were a single block. This single block treatment is carried out until it is cancelled by means of the G48 function. In this way, with the G47 function active in the SINGLE
BLOCK operation, these will be executed in continuous cycle until the G48 function is executed, i.e., the execution will not stop when a block is finished but will continue by executing the following one.
In any operating mode, if execution is interrupted when the G47 function is active, the
CNC stops axis feed as well as the spindle. It will also stop axis feed when the FEED
HOLD input is activated, as long as machineparameter P610(1)=1.
With the G47 function active, the M.F.O. switch and the spindle speed variation keys will be disenabled, the program being executed at 100% of the programmed F and S.
The G47 and G48 functions are MODAL. When the CNC is switched on, after executing
MO2, M30, Reset or Emergency, the CNC assumes the G48 function.
6.19. G49. PROGRAMMABLE FEEDRATE OVERRIDE
With G49 the programmed working feedrate F can be overridden.
The feedrate override Knob on the front panel will have no effect.
The programming format is: G49 K (1/120).
1/120 meaning the percentage value between 1% and 120% of the previously programmed
F value.
Function G49 is modal, so it will remain active until another value is programmed or is cancelled by programming: G49 K0 or simply: G49.
G49 will also be cancelled when M02, M30, RESET or EMERGENCY are executed.
G49 K must be programmed alone in a block.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 69
6.20. G50. Loading of the values in the tool offset table
The different tool values can be entered in the table by using G50. There are two possibilities: a) Entering of all the values.
By means of the block N4 G50 T2 R+/-4.3 L+/-4.3 I+/-2.3 K+/-2.3 (mm) R+/-2.4 L+/
-2.4 I+/-1.4 K+/-1.4 (inches). The values defined by R,L,I,K are loaded in the tool offset table direction identified by T2.
N4
G50
T2(T00-T99)
R+/-4.3 (R+/-2.4)
I+/-2.3 (I+/-1.4)
L+/-4.3 (L+/-2.4)
K+/-2.3 (K+/-1.4)
- Block number
- Tool offsets loading code
- Tool offset table direction
- Tool radius
- Tool wear offset (radius)
- Tool length
- Tool wear offset (length)
The values of R,L,I,K replace the values previously existing in the T2 direction. If R and
L are programmed and I, K are not, they are replaced in the table with the values of R and
L by the new programmed values and the correction values I, K are zeroed.
b) Incremental modification of the I,K values.
By means of the block: N4 G50 T2 I+/-2.3 K+/-2.3 (mm) or N4 G50 T2 I+/-1.4 K+/- 1.4
(inches) the I,K values of the T2 address are modified.
N4
T2(T01-T99
I+/-2.3 (I+/-1.4)
K+/-2.3 (K+/-1.4)
- Block number
- Tool offset table address
- Value to be added to or subtracted from the I value previously recorded.
- Value to be added to or subtracted from the K value previously recorded.
In mode a) the tool offset table may be loaded without having to enter the values manually in operation mode 8. Mode b) allows the compensation of tool wear. The radius compensation value will be R+I.
The length compensation value will be L+K.
No other information can be programmed in the block containing G50.
70 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.21. G52. COMMUNICATION WITH THE FAGOR LOCAL AREA NETWORK
The communication between the CNC and the rest of the LAN NODES is carried out thru registers in complement to two.
These registers may be double (D) or single (R). Next, the different command formats are described.
a) Transfer of a constant to a register of another LAN NODE.
G52 N2 R3 K5 or:
G52 N2 D3 H8
G52 : Communication with the LAN.
N2 : Address of the DESTINATION NODE (0/14).
R3 : Number of the single register (0/255).
D3 : Number of the double register (0/254).
K5 : Integer value in decimal (+/-32767).
H8 : Integer value in Hexadecimal (0/FFFFFFFF).
Atention:
To access a PLCI register, indicate the number of the node occupied by the CNC+PLCI b) Transfer of a value of an ARITHMETIC PARAMETER of the CNC to a register
of another LAN NODE.
G52 N2 R3 P3 or,
G52 N2 D3 P3
G52 : Communication with the LAN
N2 : Address of the DESTINATION node (0/14).
R3 : Number of the single register (0/255).
D3 : Number of the double register (0/254).
P3 : Number of the arithmetic parameter (0/254).
Atention:
To access a PLCI register, indicate the number of the node occupied by the CNC+PLCI
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 71
c) Loading the value of a register of another LAN NODE into an arithmetic
parameter of the CNC.
G52 N2 P3 R3 or,
G52 N2 P3 D3
G52 : Communication with the LAN.
N2 : Address of the ORIGIN node (0/14).
P3 : Number of the arithmetic parameter (0/254).
R3 : Number of the single register (0/255).
D3 : Number of the double register (0/254).
Atention:
To access a PLCI register, indicate the number of the node occupied by the CNC+PLCI
d) Sending a text from the CNC to another LAN NODE.
G52 N2 = (TEXT)
G52 : Communication with the LAN
N2 : Address of the DESTINATION node (0/14).
( ) : Text delimiters.
Text : Text whose syntax is admitted by the DESTINATION node.
Example:
Let us suppose that the NODE 7 of the LAN is a FAGOR CNC 82 connected as slave and its X and Y axes are to be positioned at the X100, Y50 point. The block to be executed by the CNC will be:
G52 N7 = (X100 Y50)
e) Process synchronization between LAN NODES.
G52 N2
This block will be completed when the LAN NODE N2 has ended the execution of the current operation. By using this type of blocks, the different operations of several LAN nodes can be synchronized.
Atention:
Any error at the FAGOR LAN occurring during the execution, the CNC will display error 111.
More information on the FAGOR LOCAL AREA NETWORK is found in the
INSTALLATION AND START-UP MANUAL, chapter INCORPORATION OF
THE 8025/30 CNC into the FAGOR LOCAL AREA NETWORK.
72 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.22. G53-G59 ZERO OFFSETS
7 different zero offsets can be selected by functions G53,G54,G55,G56,G57,G58 and
G59. The values of these offsets are stored in the CNC memory after the tool dimensions table and are referred to the machine reference zero. The values can be entered in operation mode 8 via the keyboard or by program, using codes G53- G59.
To display the G53-G59 table press OP MODE, then 8 and finally G.
Operation of G53-G59, these functions can be used in two different ways:
Format a) To load the zero offset table .
. Absolute loading of the values
Using a block like N4 G5? V+/-4.3 W+/-4.3) X+/-4.3 Y+/- 4.3 Z+/-4.3 (metric) or N4 G5?
V+/-3.4 W+/-3.4) X+/-3.4 Y+/-3.4 Z+/-3.4 (inches) the values identified by (W),X,Y,Z are loaded in the table address defined by G5? (G53-G59).
N4
G5?
: Block number
: Offset code (G53,G54,G55,G56,G57,G58,G59).
V+/-4.3
: Zero offset value referred to the machine
V+/-3.4
reference zero on the V axis.
W+/-4.3
: Zero offset value referred to the machine
W+/-3.4
reference zero on the W axis.
X+/-4.3
: Zero offset value referred to the machine
X+/-3.4
reference zero on the X axis.
Y+/-4.3
: Zero offset value referred to the machine
Y+/-3.4
reference zero on the Y axis.
Z+/-4.3
: Zero offset value referred to the machine
Z+/-3.4
reference zero on the Z axis.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 73
. Incremental loading of the values
Block N4 G5? (H+/-4.3) L+/-4.3 H+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3K+/-4.3 in mm or N4 G5? L+/
-3.4 H+/-3.4 I+/-3.4 J+/-3.4 K+/-3.4 in inches, increments by an amount H, I, J, K, the table values indicated by G5? (G53-G59).
N4
G5?
: Block number
: Zero offset code (G53,G54,G55,G56,G57,G58,G59).
L+/-4.3
: Amount added or subtracted to the V
L+/-3.4
value previously stored in the table.
H+/-4.3
: Amount added or subtracted to the W
H+/-3.4
value previously stored in the table.
I+/-4.3
I+/-3.4
: Amount added or subtracted to the X
value previously stored in the table.
J+/-4.3
: Amount added or subtracted to the Y
J+/-3.4
value previously stored in the table.
K+/-4.3
: Amount added or subtracted to the Z
K+/-3.4
value previously stored in the table.
Format b) To apply a zero offset to the current program.
According to the value assigned to the machine parameter P619(7) there are two cases:
Case 1: P619(7) = 0
A block like N4 G5? is used to carry out a zero offset on the current program, according to the values stored in the G5? position of the zero offset table (G53-G59).
N4 : Block number
G5? (G53,G54,G55,G56,G57,G58,G59): Direction of the table in which the two zero setting values are stored.
Case 2: P619(7) = 1
When a function of the G54 .... G58 type is executed, the zero setting applied to each axis will be the value indicated in the table (G54 .... G58) plus the value indicated in position
G59 of the table. G53 is not affected.
74 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
The values:
G53 X0 Y0
G54 X-40 Y-40
G55 X-30 Y10 are entered in the G53-G59 table. The starting point is X0 Y0
N10 G00 G90 X70 Y20
N20 G01 Y35 F200
N30 X60
N40 G03 X60 Y20 I0 J-7,5
N50 G01 X70 Y20
N60 G54
N70 G25 N10.50.1
N80 G55
N90 G25 N10.50.1
N100 G53
N110 X0 Y0
N120 M30
6.22.1. G59 as additive zero offset
If P619(7)=1 When any function of the G54... G59 type is executed, the zero offset applied to each axis will be the value indicated on the table (G54 ... G59) plus the value indicated in position G59 of the table. It does no affect G53.
If P619(7)=0 In this case, the zero offset which is applied to each axis will be the value indicated on the table.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 75
6.23 FUNCTION "G64". MULTIPLE ARC PATTERN MACHINING CYCLE
By means of this function, it is possible to perform circular movements.
This way, if a canned cycle is active when defining this function, the CNC will carry out the programmed movements and it will execute the canned cycle at each new position.
Therefore, it is possible to perform drilling, threading operations, etc. in an arc pattern.
The programming format for this cycle is as follows:
G64 X Y B I C F Q U
R A B K
K I
76
The CNC takes as starting point, the one used to define the multiple machining cycle.
The center of the arc may be defined in cartesian (XY) or polar coordinates (RA)
X Defines the distance from the starting point to the center along the abscissa axis.
Y Defines the distance from the starting point to the center along the ordinate axis.
With parameters X and Y the center of the circle is defined in the same way that
I and J do it in circular interpolations (G02, G03).
R Defines the distance from the starting point to the center.
A Defines the angle of the line joining the starting point and the center with respect to the X axis.
The machining positions are set by combining 2 of the parameters "B, I and K".
B Defines the total angular travel and it is given in degrees.
I Defines the angular step between machining operations.
K Defines the total number of machining operations along the arc including the cycle defining point.
It must be borne in mind that the cycle defining point has already been machined.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
C Indicates the type of movement between the machining positions. If not programmed, a value of C=0 will be assumed.
C=0 Movement in rapid (G00).
C=1 Linear interpolation (G01).
C=2 Clockwise circular interpolation (G02).
C=3 Counter-clockwise circular interpolation (G03).
When setting C=0 or C=1, the sign of parameters "B, I and K" indicate the direction of the movement: "+" counter-clockwise, "-" clockwise.
When defining "B I" the moving direction is set by the sign of "I".
When defining "B K" the moving direction is set by the sign of "B".
When defining "K I" the moving direction is set by the sign of "I".
F Defines the moving feedrate from point to point. Obviously, it will only be relevant for "C" values other than "0". If not programmed, a value of F0 will be assumed which is set by machine parameters "P110" and "P210".
Q, U These parameters are optional and are used to indicate which points or between which points the machining operation is not to be performed.
Thus, when programming Q7, it indicates that point 7 is not to be machined and when programming Q10.013, it indicates that points 10 thru 13 are not be machined (that is, points 10, 11, 12 and 13).
When defining a group of points (Q10.013) it must be borne in mind that the last point has to be indicated with three digits since programming "Q10.13" will be interpreted as points 10 thru 130. (Q10.130).
The programming order for these parameters is Q U and the numbering order assigned to them must also be kept. That is, the numbering of the points assigned to Q must be smaller that the ones assigned to U.
Example: Correct programming Q12.015 U20.022
Incorrect programming Q20.022 U12.015
If these parameters are not programmed, the CNC interprets that the machining operations must take place on all points of the programmed path.
Basic operation:
1.- This cycle calculates the next programmed point to be machined.
2.- Movement to that point at the feedrate programmed by "C" (G00, G01, G02 or
G03).
3.- Once at this new point, it will execute the selected canned cycle.
4.- The CNC will repeat steps 1, 2 and 3 until the end of the programmed path. Once the multiple machining cycle is completed, the tool will be positioned at the last machined point of the programmed path.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 77
Programming example assuming point X0 Y0 Z0 as the starting point:
G81 G98 G01 G91 X280 Y130 Z-8 I-22 F100 ; Positioning and canned cycle definition
G64 X200 Y200 B225 I22.5 C3 F200 Q2 U4.005; Multiple machining cycle definition
G80
G90 X0 Y0
M30
; Canned cycle cancellation
; Positioning
; End of program
It is also possible to write the multiple machining cycle defining block as follows
G64 R282.843 A45 B225 I45 C3 F200 Q2 U4.005
G64 X200 Y200 B225 K11 C3 F200 Q2 U4.005
G64 X200 Y200 K22.5 I11 C3 F200 Q2 U4.005
78 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.24. G65.
INDEPENDENT AXIS EXECUTION
With function G65 it is possible to move one axis independently while other axes are being interpolated.
In the following program:
N0 G65 W100 F1
N10 G01 X10 Y10 Z5 F1000
N20 G01 X20
When executing block "N0", the W axis starts moving at a feedrate of F1. Then, block
"N10" starts executing the XYZ interpolation at F1000 while the W axis keeps moving at
F1.
If "P621(4)=0", the CNC executes block "N20" once "N10" is completed regardless of whether "N0" is completed or not (W axis has reached position or not).
If "P621(4)=1", the CNC waits until blocks "N0" and "N10" are completed (all axes have reached position) before executing block "N20".
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 79
6.25. G70/G71. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
G70 : Programming in inches
G71 : Programming in millimeters
Depending on whether G70 or G71 is programmed, the CNC takes the subsequent coordinates as being in inches or millimeters respectively.
Functions G70/G71 are modal and incompatible with one another.
The CNC assumes the units set by parameter P13 when being turned on, after M02,M30,
EMERGENCY or RESET.
6.26. G72. SCALING FACTOR
G72 allows the machining of parts of similar shape but different size using the same program.
G72 must be programmed alone in a block. There are two different methods of programming G72.
6.26.1. Method a). Scaling factor to affect all axes
Format :
N4 G72 K2.4
N4 - Block number
G72 - Scaling code
K2.4 - Value of the scaling factor
Min. value K0.0001 (x 0.0001)
Max. value K100 (x 100)
Tool radius and length compensation are compatible with this scaling mode.
All coordinate values programmed after G72 will be multiplied by K until the scaling is cancelled by K=1, or after M02,M30, EMERGENCY or RESET.
80 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
Starting point is X-30 Y10
N10 G00 G90 X-19 Y0
N20 G01 X0 Y10 F150
N30 G02 X0 Y-10 I0 J-10
N40 G01 -19 Y0
N45 G31...................................................
(Store datum point)
N50 G92 X-79 Y-30 ..............................
(Change datum point)
N60 G72 K2 ..........................................
(Apply Scaling factor 2)
N70 G25 N10.40.1
N80 G72 K1............................................
(Cancel scaling factor)
N85 G32 .................................................
(Retrieve original datum point)
N90 G0 X-30 Y10 ................................
(Return to initial point)
N100 M30 ...............................................
(End of program)
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 81
6.26.2. Method b). Scaling factor affecting one axis only
Format:
N4 G72 V,W,X,Y,Z 2.4
N4
G72
V,W,X,Y,Z
2.4
: Block number
: Function which defines the scale factor
: Axis to which the scale factor is applied.
: Scaling factor value
Min. value 0.0001 Max. value 15.9999
In this case the axis to which the scale factor is applied must be at the zero point (value 0) when the factor is applied or cancelled.
The coordinate value of the axis affected must be zero when G72 is applied. When the scaling factor affects only one axis, the coordinate values of the datum point cannot be altered by functions such as G32, G92 or G53 thru G59.
The scaling is cancelled by factor 1, after M02,M30, EMERGENCY or RESET. If an scaling factor is entered, any preceding factor is automatically cancelled, regardless of the axis affected.
Tool length compensation is compatible with this scaling mode.
Tool radius compensation can only be used when the scaling factor is applied to a rotary axis. If the axis is linear the radius compensation will be affected by the scaling factor applied to the axis.
82 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Machining on a cylindrical surface. If a scaling factor equal to R being the cylinder’s radius) is applied to a rotary axis, it can be handled as a linear axis. Thus any path can be programmed on the cylinder’s surface, with tool radius compensation.
If, within the same program, both scaling methods are used, the CNC will apply to the axis affected by method b) a factor equal to the multiplication of both values.
When checking a program in DRY RUN execution modes 0,1 or 4 the coordinates values and the graphic displayed are not affected by any method b) scaling factor i.e. when the scaling factor is applied to one axis only the values and graphics displayed will represent the programmed values.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 83
6.27. G73. PATTERN ROTATION
This feature allows the rotation of the coordinate axes around the part program’s datum point on the main plane.
Format:
N4 G73 A+/-3.3
N4
G73
- Block number
- Pattern rotation code
A+/-3.3
- Rotation angle
Min. value - 0.000 degrees
Max. value - 360.000 degrees
G73 is incremental, i.e., if more than one G73 is programmed. Their respective A values will be added together.
G73 must be programmed alone in a block.
Pattern rotation is cancelled with: G17, G18, G19, G73 (without A value). An M02, M30,
EMERGENCY or RESET.
When the part is programmed in absolute (G90) and cartesian coordinates all the points have to be identified by both coordinate values on the main plane, even when this requires repeating some values, and moreover a point cannot be defined by one angle plus a cartesian coordinate.
84 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
Starting point is X0 Y0 and the path of the tool is programmed in the XY plane without taking its dimensions into consideration.
N10 G01 X21 Y0 F300
N20 G02 A0 I5 J0
N30 G03 A0 I5 J0
N40 A180 I-10 J0
N50 G73 A45
N60 G25 N10.50.7
N70 M30
In four-axis machines the rotation can also be applied to a plane including the fourth axis
(W) if it is linear and active when G73 is programmed.
If the axis linked to the fourth (W) is programmed afterwards the rotation function will be cancelled.
This same treatment is given in 5 axis machines when the 5th axis V is one of the axes which make up the main plane.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 85
6.28. G74. MACHINE REFERENCE SEARCH
When G74 is programmed in a block, the CNC moves the axes to the machine-reference point.
a) REFERENCE SEARCH FOR ALL AXES
* If machine parameter P725 = 0 and G74 is programmed alone in the block. The CNC moves first the axis which is perpendicular to the plane programmed.
This is Z if operating on G17, Y on G18 ,X on G19. The movements of the remaining axes then follow.
In four-axis machines, if the active axis when programming G74, is the one associated to the fourth (W), the axes will be moved as described, (W) being the last.
However, if the active axis is the fourth (W) when G74 is programmed, it will replace its associated axis in the prescribed order and the associated axis will be the last on moving.
In 5 axis machines the movement of the 5th axis V, when G74 only G74 is programmed, this is always done after the movement of the 4th axis W.
* If P725 has a value between 1 and 99 and G74 is programmed alone in the block, the
CNC will automatically execute the subroutine whose number is in P725.
If P725 = 74, subroutine 74 will be executed. For example:
N0 G22 N74
N10 G74 X Y W V (this might be the order required by the user)
N20 G74 b) REFERENCE SEARCH FOR ONE AXIS OR MORE THAN ONE IN A SPECI-
FIC ORDER
If machine-reference search is required in an order other than the above, G74 is programmed, followed by the axes in the required order.
No other function can be programmed in a block in which G74 is programmed.
In both cases, a) and b), when the axes reach the machine-reference, the distances between this point and the last part’s datum point programmed are displayed.
86 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.29. PROBES
6.29.1. Definition
Probes are basically simple switches provided with a high level of sensitivity.
When the probe touches a surface, a signal is sent to the CNC of the machine, and the position of the axes are automatically recorded. In the case of machine tool applications, this same signal acts on the control of the machine until an adequate, precise and rapid positioning of the tool or part is obtained.
Probes do not measure, they simply send positioning signals to be treated in the CNC of the machine and according to specific tolerances.
6.29.2. Characteristics
Probes are of modular construction for better adaptation to the needs of the user. This system consists of a stylus, probe, transmission system and interface. The stylus is the part which enters into contact with the surface.
They are provided with a system to absorb impact with the surface.
The tip of the probe includes the stylus.They are of solid and compact construction in order to protect the stylus. Different extension modules can be fitted in order to obtain the right geometrical configuration for each application.
Probes have three different systems:
- Cabling
- Inductive
- Optical
Cabling: The signal is transmitted through the cable. Its most important disadvantage is its rigidness in moment. It is used in lathes and machining centers for final adjustments of tools where the probe has a fixed measuring position and the tools are brought close to the probes. It is also used in digitizing systems.
Inductive: It allows greater ease of movement. The signal is transmitted without physical contact, by means of two opposing plates, across the work area.
Optical: Communication is made by means of infrared rays. One of its advantages is the freedom to position the signal receiver outside the work area. Its applications are the same as those of the inductive probe.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 87
6.29.3. Most common applications
There are different applications, as shown below:
Fine adjustment of the tool: These check the cutting point of each tool and compensate, if necessary, the distance to the work place or stop production should a tool break.
Fine adjustment of the part: by means of canned probecycles which will be seen below.
Digitizing system. For copying parts by means of the collection of information point by point. The probe is given the job of sending positional data by means of a series of predetermined movements along the surface of the part.
In the case of the FAGOR 8025/30 MS CNC the system generates CNC programs automatically enabling the machining of complex parts with a great deal of reliability.
It is recommendable to use an interface which is an electronic link between the probe and the control of the machine.
This controls the status of the probe continuously, provides energy to the induction modules and transmits a signal to the control of the machine when the probe has tripped.
88 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.29.4. G75. PROBING
G75 prepares the CNC to receive the signals coming from a measuring probe.
Format:
N4 G75 (V+/-4.3) (W+/-4.3) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3
The axes will move until the probe signal is received. The CNC will then consider the block to be completed and the real position of the axes will be stored as theoretical position.
Neither the feedrate will be changed by turning the FEEDRATE knob (frozen at 100%) nor the movement of the axes will be displayed until the probe signal is received.
If the axes arrive in position before the probe signal is received, the CNC will act as follows:
If machine parameter "P621(6)=0", the CNC interrupts the program execution and it issues error 65. But, if "P621(6)=1", the CNC will consider the block completed and it will go on to execute the next block.
After executing this block, the values of the different axes can be allocated to the desired parameters. The combination of this feature with mathematical operations with parameters permits creating special subroutines to measure parts or tools.
G75 implies G01 i.e. the CNC assumes function G01 and G40 after a G75 block.
Atention:
This CNC allows manually measuring the length of the tools with a probe.
See the OPERATING MANUAL.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 89
6.29.5. G75 N2. Probing canned cycles
The MS model CNC offers various probing canned cycles to accomplish the following:
.
Measure the tool dimensions. Position the tool at a specific point on the part before machining it.
.
Measure the part after it has been machined
The programming format is as follows:
G75 N** P0 = K.. P1 = K..
The figure after N defines the probing cycle to be executed.
The CNC’s probing canned cycles are:
N00 : Tool length calibration.
N01 : Probe calibration.
N02 : Surface measuring.
N03 : Surface measuring with tool offset.
N04 : Outside edge measuring.
N05 : Inside edge measuring.
N06 : Angle measuring.
N07 : Edge and angle measuring.
N08 : Hole centering.
NO9 : Boss centering.
N10 : Hole measuring.
N11 : Pocket measuring.
After the figures defined in the cycle (N**), the calling parameters (P?=K?) necessary for each cycle must be programmed. The calling parameters used in the cycles are the following?
P0 : Theoretical X value.
P1 : Theoretical Y value.
P2 : Theoretical Z value.
P3 : Safety distance.
90 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
P4 : Probing feedrate.
P5 : Tolerance.
P6 : Table number of the tool to be calibrated.
P7 : Axis being probed.
P7=0 X Axis,
P7=1 Y Axis,
P7=2 Z Axis.
P8 : Hole’s or pocket’s theoretical diameter.
P9 : Initial probing feedrate for cycles: N01, N08, N09, N10, N11.
P10: Withdrawal distance after cycles: N01, N08, N09, N10, N11.
P11: Tool calibration on:
. the axis P11 = 0
. one end P11 = 1
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
.
If any parameter that corresponds to a cycle is not programmed, the CNC will assume the latest value assigned to that parameter. The cycles do not modified the calling parameters
(which can be used in later cycles) but do alter the contents of parameters P70 thru P99.
.
Parameters P4 and P9 relevant to the probing feedrate must be programmed in mm/min. or
0.1 inch/min.
.
Parameter P3 must be greater than zero.
.
Parameter P5 must be equal or greater than zero.
.
Parameter P7 can only be 0, 1 or 2. Parameter P11 can only be 0 or 1.
Error 3 will be issued if one of the last four conditions are not met.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 91
BASIC OPERATION
Once the probe is positioned near the surface to be probed, the movements of the axes during a probing cycle are:
Approach
It is executed in rapid mode G00 from the starting point of the cycle to a safety distance P3 away from the theoretical value.
Probing
It is executed at a feedrate determined by P4 until the CNC receives the probe signal.
If before moving a maximum distance, which depends on the type of cycle selected, the CNC has not received the probe signal, the CNC will act as follows:
If machine parameter "P621(6)=0", the CNC interrupts the program execution and it issues error 65. But, if "P621(6)=1", the CNC will consider the block completed and it will go on to execute the next block.
In order to simplify the explanation of the canned cycles, machine parameter "P621(6) is assumed to be set to "0".
While probing, the Feedrate override knob will have no effect on the feedrate which will be fixed at 100%
Withdrawal
Once the probing corresponding to selected cycle is finished, the axes will withdraw, in rapid move G00, back to the starting point.
Depending on the selected cycle, the CNC will update, if necessary, the tool table; by the same token, the values of the arithmetic parameters will have a specific meaning which will be described in the sections for each cycle.
92 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
The exit conditions of all probing cycles are: G00, G07,G40,G90 and G94 .
The type of probe used in this cycles may be either one located in a fixed position on the machine (used to calibrate the tools) or one placed in the tool magazine (used to measure parts).
The latter probe will act as if it were a tool and must be calibrated prior to the execution of the cycle and the values entered in the appropriate tool table position.
The different values of the probe will be entered in the tool table in the following way:
.
The radius R of the probe’s ball will be entered manually in operating mode 8.
.
Next, the tool calibration cycle (N00) will be performed, after which the CNC will load the
L value of the probe and will set the K value to zero.
.
Then, the probe calibration cycle (N01) will performed. The CNC will load automatically the probe offset values (I,K) which will be the possible errors due to an improper setting of the probe in the tool holder.
While executing a probing canned cycle, if the CNC receives the probe signal without the probing movement itself being executed, it will issue an error 65 stopping all axes(collision).
When the probe uses an infrared system to send the signal, it is necessary to indicate, with machine- parameter, which M function must the CNC send to activate the probe.
This M function will be activated by the CNC at the beginning of the probing cycle and must be cancelled by programming another M function.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 93
N00. Tool length calibration cycle
This cycle will be used to measure the tool’s length on the axis perpendicular to the main working plane. To do this, a probe must be placed in a fixed position on the machine and with its sides parallel to the axes.
The CNC must know this position on each axis and with respect to the machine-reference-zero.
These values must be entered in the following parameters: P910 Minimum (X1) value according to X axis.
P911 Maximum (X2) value according to X axis.
P912 Minimum (Y1) value according to Y axis.
P913 Maximum (Y2) value according to Y axis.
P914 Minimum (Z1) value according to Z axis.
P915 Maximum (Z2) value according to Z axis.
The tool’s approximate L value must be previously entered in the tool table. Once the tool has been selected, it can be calibrated by executing this cycle.
Cycle programming format: G75 N00 P3=K— P4=K— P11=K—
G75 N00 = Tool calibration cycle code.
P3 = Safety distance.
P4
P11
= Probing feedrate.
= Tool calibration on :
. the axis P11=0
. one end P11=1
94 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
This cycle will probe the tool over the probe, being the probing axis the one perpendicular to the main working plane. That is, the Z axis with G17, the Y axis with G18 and the X axis with
G19.
Depending on the value of P11, the probing will be done with the tool’s center (P11 =K0) or with one end (P11=K1).
The tool will be positioned next to the probe’s surface by first moving the axis of the main plane at rapid move G00 and then the axis perpendicular to this plane up to a distance P3 from the probe’s surface also at rapid move G00.
Next, the probing cycle will be performed at a feedrate determined by P4 to a maximum distance of 2P3.
If after reaching a distance of 2P3 the CNC has not received the probe’s signal, error 65 will be displayed.
Once the probe’s signal is received, the CNC will stop the movement, load the real measurement value and return to the starting point of the cycle; as shown by the diagram below
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 95
STARTING
POINT
MAIN PLANE XY (G17)
FEED G00
FEED P4
The measured tool length value is automatically loaded by the CNC in the pertinent tool table position as L value, setting the K value to zero. This cycle does not modify the R and I values which must be entered manually either in the operating mode 8 or by programming function
G50.
At the end of this cycle, the parameter table will show the following values:
P93 = Real length minus the tool length L, that was in the tool table prior the execution of this cycle, on the X axis (YZ working plane).
P94 = Real length minus the tool length L, that was in the tool table prior the execution of this cycle, on the Y axis (XZ working plane).
P95 = Real length minus the tool length L, that was in the tool table prior the execution of this cycle, on the Z axis (XY working plane).
96 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N01. Probe calibration cycle
This cycle is used to determine the offset values of the probe. This values will be introduced in the relevant tool-offset number of the table in the I and K positions.
The offset values will be the error, in the axis of the main plane, between the center line of the tool holder and the center of the probe’s ball. To execute this cycle, a hole must be previously drilled and its inside dimensions taken.
Axis of the tool holder coinciding with the center of the drilled
Hole probe ball
The programming format is as follows:
G75 N01 P0=K—P1=K—P2=K—P3=K—P4=K—P8=K—P9=K—P10=K- -
G75 N01 = Probe calibration cycle code.
P0 = Real X value of the drilled hole’s center.
P1
P2
= Real Y value of the drilled hole’s center.
= Real Z value of the drilled hole’s center.
P3
P4
P8
P9
P10
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
= Drilled hole’s diameter.
= Initial probing feedrate.
= Withdrawal distance after initial probing.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 97
This cycle starts by positioning the probe at the center of the hole (XP0, YP1, ZP2), it then executes four probings movements (2 per axis) inside the hole.
At the end of the cycle, the probe returns to the starting point and the I and K values of the tool table are updated.
The probing movements of this cycle are similar to those explained for the hole centering cycle
(N08) in a later section.
Once executed calibrating cycles N00 and N01, the probe’s values (except its radius) will be entered in the relevant tool table. These values are:
R = Probe’s ball’s radius (to be entered manually in operating mode 8 or by programming function G50.
L = Probe’s length.
I = Main plane’s offset value on the abscissa (X axis in the XY plane).
K = Main plane’s offset value on the ordinate (Y axis in the XY plane).
This probe, mounted in the tool holder, will be used to execute the rest of the cycles.
98 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N02. Surface measuring cycle
Programming format:
G75 N02 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K— P7=K—
G75 N02 = Surface measuring cycle code.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the point to be measured.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the point to be measured.
= Theoretical Z value of the point to be measured.
P3
P4
P7
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
= Axis being probed.
P7 = 0
P7 = 1
P7 = 2
X Axis
Y Axis
Z Axis
The probing movement will be performed only on the axis selected with P7.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 99
The probe will be positioned near the point to be measured at a distance P3; the probing movement will be performed at a feedrate established by P4 for a maximum distance of 2P3.
If the CNC does not receive the probe’s signal before reaching 2P3, error 65 will be displayed.
Once the probing is done, the CNC will stop the movement, load the real values measured and will return to the cycle’s starting point as shown in the diagram below.
100
Main plane XY (G17)
P7=2
Starting point
Feed G00
Feed P4
Theoretical surface of the part
Real surface of the part
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Once the cycle is ended, the parameter table will show the following values:
P90 = X measured value
P91 = Y measured value
P92 = Z measured value
P93 = Real measured value minus theoretical value on X axis (P90-P0)
P94 = Real measured value minus theoretical value on Y axis (P91-P1)
P95 = Real measured value minus theoretical value on Z axis (P92-P2)
Parameters P93, P94 and P95 will indicate the offset value to be added to the part’s datum so the part’s theoretical values will be the same as the real ones. To do so, a function of the following type may be used:
G53/G59 I P93 J P94 K P95
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 101
N03. Surface measuring cycle with tool correction
Programming format:
G75 N03 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K— P5=K— P6=K- - P7=K—
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
G75 N03 = Surface measuring cycle code with tool offset.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the point to be measured.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the point to be measured.
= Theoretical Z value of the point to be measured.
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
= Tolerance.
= Tool offset number.
= Axis being probed.
P7 = 0 X Axis
P7 = 1 Y Axis
P7 = 2 Z Axis
With this cycle, besides executing everything described for the surface measuring cycle (N02), the CNC willmodify the tool table values according to the tool offset number indicated by P6.
This modification will be carried out if the measuring error is not within the tolerance indicated by P5.
The CNC will modify in the tool table the I (radius) and the K (length) values according to the working plane and the axis selected by P7.
P7=2
Modifies K
P7=0
Modifies I P7=0
Modifies I
Main plane XY
102 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N04. Outside edge measuring cycle
Programming format:
G75 N04 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K—
NG75 N04 = Outside edge measuring cycle code.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the point to be measured.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the point to be measured.
= Theoretical Z value of the point to be measured.
P3
P4
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
In this cycle two probings will be performed. The first one on the abscissa of the main plane, that is:
. On the X axis for the XY plane (G17)
. On the X axis for the XZ plane (G18)
. On the Y axis for the YZ plane (G19)
The second probing will be performed on the ordinate ofthe main plane, that is:
. On the Y axis for the XY plane (G17)
. On the Z axis for the XZ plane (G18)
. On the Z axis for the YZ plane (G19)
This cycle’s starting point must be located in a specific area depending on the edge that is to be measured. The diagram below shows the striped areas where the probe must be located when the cycle is being called for to measure the pertinent edge.
PART
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 103
The probe’s movements will be the following: Let us suppose that the main plain is XY and the edge to be measured is the lower lefthand edge of the part (see fig.).
1.
2.
3.
The probe will be positioned in rapid at a distance P3 of the first side to be measured.
The axis perpendicular to the main plane, in this case Z, will move in rapid to a coordinate value defined by P2.
The first probing will be performed by moving the X axis a maximum distance of 2P3 at a feedrate defined by P4 until the probe’s signal is received. If, after reaching the maximum distance 2P3, the CNC has not received the probe’s signal, error 65 will be displayed.
4.
5 and 6. Next the probe will be positioned in rapid at a distance P3 of the other side to be measured as shown by the diagram.
7.
Once the first probing is done, the measured value will be loaded and then the X axis will return in rapid.
The second probing will be performed by moving the Y axis a maximum distance of
2P3 at a feedrate defined by P4 until the probe’s signal is received. If, after moving the maximum distance, the CNC has not received the probe’s signal, error 65 will be displayed.
8.
9.
10.
Once the second probing is done, the measured value will be loaded and then the Y axis will return in rapid.
The Z axis will move in rapid up to the Z value of the cycle’s starting point.
X and Y axes will return in rapid to the cycle’s starting point.
104 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Real
Theoretical
STARTING POINT
Once the cycle is finished, the parameter table will show:
P90 = Measured X value
P91 = Measured Y value
P92 = Measured Z value
P93 = Real value minus theoretical value on the X axis (P90-P0)
P94 = Real value minus theoretical value on the Y axis (P91-P1)
P95 = Real value minus theoretical value on the Z axis (P92-P2)
Parameters P93, P94 and P95 will indicate the offset value to be added to the part’s datum point so the theoretical values will be the same as the part’s realvalues. To do so, a function of the following type may be used:
G53/59 I P93 J P94 K P95
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 105
N05. Inside edge measuring cycle
Programming format:
G75 N05 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K—
G75 N05 = Inside edge measuring cycle code.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the point to be measured.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the point to be measured.
= Theoretical Z value of the point to be measured.
P3
P4
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
In this cycle two probings will be performed. The first one on the abscissa of the main plane, that is:
. On the X axis for the XY plane (G17)
. On the X axis for the XZ plane (G18)
. On the Y axis for the YZ plane (G19)
The second probing will be performed on the ordinate of the main plane, that is:
. On the Y axis for the XY plane (G17)
. On the Z axis for the XZ plane (G18)
. On the Z axis for the YZ plane (G19)
The probe must be located inside the pocket before calling for the cycle.
106 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
The probe’s movements will be the following:
Let us suppose that the main plain is XY and the edge to be measured is the upper righthand edge of the part (see fig.).
1. The probe will be positioned in rapid at a distance P3 of the first side to be measured.
2. The axis perpendicular to the main plane, in this case Z, will move in rapid to a coordinate value defined by P2.
3. The first probing will be performed by moving the X axis a maximum distance of 2P3 at a feedrate defined by P4 until the probe’s signal is received. If, afterreaching the maximum distance 2P3, the CNC has not received the probe’s signal, error 65 will be displayed.
4. Once the first probing is done, the measured value will be loaded and then the X axis will return in rapid. Next, the probe will be positioned in rapid at a distance P3 of the other side to be measured as shown by the diagram.
5. The second probing will be performed by moving the Y axis a maximum distance of 2P3 at a feedrate defined by P4 until the probe’s signal is received. If, after moving the maximum distance, the CNC has not received the probe’s signal, error 65 will be displayed.
6. Once the second probing is done, the measured value will be loaded and then the Y axis will return in rapid.
7. The Z axis will move in rapid up to the Z value of the cycle’s starting point.
8. X and Y axes will return in rapid to the cycle’s starting point.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 107
Starting point
Once the cycle is finished, the parameter table will show:
Theoretical
Real
P90 = Measured X value
P91 = Measured Y value
P92 = Measured Z value
P93 = Real value minus theoretical value on the X axis (P90-P0)
P94 = Real value minus theoretical value on the Y axis (P91-P0)
P95 = Real value minus theoretical value on the Z axis (P92-P0)
Parameters P93, P94 and P95 will indicate the offset value to be added to the part’s datum point so the theoretical values will be the same as the part’s real values. To do so, a function of the following type may be used:
G53/59 I P93 J P94 K P95
108 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N06. Angle measuring cycle
Programming format:
G75 N06 P0=K-P1=K-P2=K-P3=K-P4=K-
G75 N06 = Angle measuring cycle code.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the point to be measured.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the point to be measured.
= Theoretical Z value of the point to be measured.
P3
P4
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
In this cycle two probings will be performed on the ordinate of the main plane, that is:
. On the Y axis for the XY plane (G17)
. On the Z axis for the XZ plane (G18)
. On the Z axis for the YZ plane (G19)
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 109
The probing movements are:
Let us suppose that the main plane is XY and we want to measure the inclination angle of the part with respect to the axes of the machine (see fig.).
1. The probe will be positioned in rapid at a distance 2P3 of the side to be measured.
2. The axis perpendicular to the main plane, in this case the Z axis, will move in rapid to a position indicated by P2.
3. The first probing will be performed moving the Y axis (ordinate of the XY plane) a distance
3P3 at a feedrate defined by P4 until the probe’s signal is received. If after reaching a distance of 3P3, the CNC has not received this signal, error 65 will be displayed.
4. Once the first probing is finished, the measured value will be loaded and the Y axis will return in rapid.
5. The X axis will move an incremental distance P3 in rapid.
6. The second probing will be performed at a feedrate defined by P4 and to a maximum distance of 4P3.
7. The Y axis will return in rapid.
8. The Z axis will return in rapid to the Z value of the starting point.
9. The X and Y axis will return in rapid to the starting point.
Real
Theoretical
110
Starting point
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
With this probing cycle, the maximum angle to be measured must be within +/-45 degrees.
If the angle is +45 degrees or larger, error 65 will be displayed during the first probing movement.
If the angle is -45 degrees or larger, the probe will collide with the part when executing a rapid move (G00), in that case, the CNC will stop the movement and display error 65.
Real
Theoretical
Starting point
Real
Theoretical
Collision
Starting point
When the cycle is finished, the CNC will have the value of the angle in the parameter P96
If the measured point of the part is the part’s datum point, by means of the function to rotate the coordinate system:
G73 A P96 the axes of the machine will be the same as the sides of the part; thus, to execute the program, there will be no need to take into account the angle of the part.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 111
N07. Outside edge and angle measuring cycle
Programming format:
G75 N07 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K—
G75 N07 = Edge and angle measuring cycle code.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the point to be measured.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the point to be measured.
= Theoretical Z value of the point to be measured.
P3
P4
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
In this cycle three probings will be performed. The first one on the abscissa of the main plane, that is:
. On the X axis for the XY plane (G17)
. On the X axis for the XZ plane (G18)
. On the Y axis for the YZ plane (G19)
The other two probings will be performed on the ordinate of the main plane, that is:
. On the Y axis for the XY plane (G17)
. On the Z axis for the XZ plane (G18)
. On the Z axis for the YZ plane (G19)
It must be borne in mind that the probe’s starting pointmust be in specific area as explained before for the outside-edge-measuring cycle.
The maximum angle must be within +/-45 degrees for the same reason as the angle-measuring cycle.
Real
Theoretical
Starting point
112 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
The probe’s movements will be the following:
Let us suppose that the main plain is XY and the outside edge to be measured is the lower lefthand edge of the part and the inclination angle of the part with respect to the axes of the machine (see fig.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
The probe will be positioned in rapid at a distance 2P3 of the first side to be measured.
The axis perpendicular to the main plane, in this case Z, will move in rapid to a position defined by P2.
The first probing will be performed by moving the X axis a maximum distance of
3P3 at a feedrate defined by P4 until the probe’s signal is received.
Once the first probing is done, the measured value will be loaded and then the X axis will return in rapid.
11.
12.
13.
5 and 6. Next, the probe will be positioned in rapid at a distance 2P3 of the other side to be measured, as shown by the diagram.
7.
The second probing will be performed by moving the Y axis a maximum distance of 3P3 at a feedrate defined by P4 until the probe’s signal is received.
8.
9.
10.
Once the second probing is done, the measured valuewill be loaded and then the Y axis will return in rapid.
The X axis will move an incremental distance P3 in rapid.
The third probing will be performed at a feedrate defined by P4 and to a maximum distance of 4P3.
The Y axis will return in rapid.
The Z axis will return in rapid to the Z value of the starting point.
The X and Y axis will return in rapid to the starting point.
Atention:
In any of the rapid probing movements (3), (7), (10), if after reaching the maximum distance (3P3), (3P3), (4P3) the CNC has not received the probe’s signal, error 65 will be displayed.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 113
When the cycle is over, the CNC’s parameter will show:
P90 = Real X value of the edge.
P91 = Real Y value of the edge.
P92 = Real Z value of the edge.
P93 = Real X value minus theoretical X value of the edge (P90-P0).
P94 = Real Y value minus theoretical Y value of the edge (P91-P1).
P95 = Real Z value minus theoretical Z value of the edge (P92-P2).
P96 = Angle.
Parameters P93, P94 and P95 indicate the offset amount to be added to the part’s datum point so the theoretical values of the part are the same as the real values. To do so, the following function may be used:
G53/59 I P93 J P94 K P95
But, if it is desired to make the part’s datum point coincide with the probed point, the datum point may be moved by the following function:
G53/59 I P90 J P91 K P92 and also, by means of the function to ROTATE the coordinate system:
G73 A P96
The axes of the machine may be made to coincide with the sides of the part (as long as the measured edge coincides with the part’s datum point) so the program can be executed without taking into account the angle.
114 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N08. Hole centering cycle
Programming format:
G75 N08 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K— P8=K— P9=K- - P10=K—
G75 N08 = Hole centering cycle code.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the hole’s center.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the hole’s center.
= Theoretical Z value of the hole’s center.
P3
P4
P8
P9
P10
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
= Theoretical hole’s diameter.
= Initial probing feedrate.
= Withdrawal distance after initial probing.
In this cycle, four probing movements will be performed on the sides of the hole; the first two on the ordinate of the main plane (Y axis of the XY plane) and the other two on the abscissa of such plane (X axis on the XY plane). Once the probing movements are completed, the CNC will finish the cycle by positioning the probe at the real center of the hole calculated by the
CNC.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 115
Next, the cycle movements are described in better detail.
Let us suppose that the main plane is XY. See fig.
The probe will be positioned at the theoretical center of the hole (XP0, YP1, ZP2). Next, the main plane axes will be probed (movement 1) and then, the axis perpendicular to the main plane
(movement 2).
Both movements will be executed in rapid mode G00.
3. First probing movement, Y axis.
This movement is divided into:
. Movement at a feedrate determined by P9 until the probe’s signal is received.
. Probe’s withdrawal in G00 to a distance determined by P10.
. Movement at a feedrate determined by P4 until the probe’s signal is received again.
4. The Y axis returns to the theoretical value Y=P1 in rapid.
5. Second probing movement, Y axis (similar to point 3).
6. The Y axis returns to the real center calculated on this axis.
7. Third probing movement, X axis (similar to point 3).
8. The X axis returns to the theoretical value X=P0 in rapid.
9. Forth probing, X axis (similar to the point 3).
10. The X axis returns to the real center calculated on that axis, thus positioning the probe in the real center of the hole and ending this cycle.
Atention:
If the real diameter of the hole is larger than P8+P3, the CNC will display error
65 when executing a probing movement.
116 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Once the hole centering cycle is ended, the parameter table will show:
P90 = Real X value of the center of the hole.
P91 = Real Y value of the center of the hole.
P92 = Real Z value of the center of the hole.
P93 = Real value minus theoretical value on the X axis (P90-P0).
P94 = Real value minus theoretical value on the Y axis (P91-P1).
P95 = Real value minus theoretical value on the Z axis (P92-P2).
P96 = Real diameter value of the hole.
P97 = Real value minus theoretical value of the diameter of the hole (P96-P8).
Parameters P93, P94, P95 indicate the offset value to be added to the part’s datum point so the theoretical values will be the same as the real ones. To do this, the following function type may be used:
G53/G59 I P93 J P94 K P95
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 117
N09. Boss centering cycle
Programming format:
G75 N09 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K— P8=K— P9=K- - P10=K—
G75 N09 = Boss centering cycle.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the center of the boss.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the center of the boss.
= Theoretical Z value of the center of the boss.
P3
P4
P8
P9
P10
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
= Theoretical diameter of boss.
= Initial probing feedrate.
= Withdrawal distance after initial probing.
In this cycle, four probing movements will be performed on the sides of the boss; the first two on the ordinate of the main plane (Y axis of the XY plane) and the other two on the abscissa of such plane (X axis on the XY plane).
The diagram illustrates the movements of the axes during this cycle. Movements 5, 10, 15 and
20 are the probing movements and each one of them is divided into the following:
. Probing at a feedrate determined by P9 until the signal from the probe is received.
. Withdrawal of the probe in rapid to a distance determined by P10.
. Probing at a feedrate determined by P4 until the signal from the probe is received.
The rest of the movements will be performed at G00 (rapid mode). The cycle will end with the main plane axes positioned at the real center of the boss and the axis perpendicular to the main plane at a distance P3 from this center.
Atention:
If the real diameter of the boss is larger than P8+P3, the CNC will display error 65 when executing a probing movement.
118 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Starting point
Once the boss centering cycle is ended, the parameter table will show:
P90 = Real X value of the center of the boss.
P91 = Real Y value of the center of the boss.
P92 = Real Z value of the center of the boss.
P93 = Real value minus theoretical value on the X axis (P90-P0).
P94 = Real value minus theoretical value on the Y axis (P91-P1).
P95 = Real value minus theoretical value on the Z axis (P92-P2).
P96 = Real diameter value of the boss.
P97 = Real value minus theoretical value of the diameter of the boss (P96-P8)
Parameters P93,P94,P95 indicate the offset value to be added to the part’s datum point so the theoretical values will be the same as the real ones. To do this, the following function type may be used:
G53/G59 I P93 J P94 K P95
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 119
N10. Hole measuring cycle
Programming format:
G75 N09 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K— P8=K— P9=K- - P10=K—
G75 N10 = Hole measuring cycle code
P0 = Theoretical X value of the center of hole.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the center of hole.
= Theoretical Z value of the center of hole.
P3
P4
P8
P9
P10
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
= Theoretical diameter of hole.
= Initial probing feedrate.
= Withdrawal distance after initial probing.
This cycle is identical to the hole-centering cycle N08 described before except that at the end of the cycle, the probe returns to the cycle’s starting point. To do this, first the axis perpendicular to the main plane moves and then the two axes of the main plain move. Both movements are performed at G00 rapid mode.
N11. Boss measuring cycle
Programming format:
G75 N09 P0=K— P1=K— P2=K— P3=K— P4=K— P8=K— P9=K- - P10=K—
G75 N09 = Boss measuring cycle code.
P0 = Theoretical X value of the center of the boss.
P1
P2
= Theoretical Y value of the center of the boss.
= Theoretical Z value of the center of the boss.
P3
P4
P8
P9
P10
= Safety distance.
= Probing feedrate.
= Theoretical diameter of the boss
= Initial probing feedrate.
= Withdrawal distance after initial probing.
This cycle is identical to the boss-centering cycle N09 described before except that at the end of the cycle, the probe returns to the cycle’s starting point. To do this, first the axis perpendicular to the main plane moves and then the two axes of the main plain move. Both movements are performed at G00 rapid mode.
120 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.30. DIGITIZING WITH THE FAGOR 8025/8030 MS CNC
6.30.1. Digitizing
Digitizing consists of memorizing the coordinates from a guided sweep of the probe on the model. This is done at the speed allowed by the probe. The data which is obtained is used later during the milling stage. This method has the following advantages:
* Machining can be done at the maximum speed allowed by the machine tool.
* There are no vibrations during the copying stage, and for this reason reproduction is much more exact and the need for manual finishing is avoided in the majority of cases.
* Digitized information can be used to machine as many times as may be necessary, without any need for copying the original model again.
* Probing speed can be adjusted between 0 and 1000 mm/min. The best results are obtained with speeds of from 200 and 500 mm/min. Probing feed rate can be adjusted between 0 and 1500 mm/min.
The digitizing stage consumes about a quarter of the total processing time. The time during which the machine tool is being used should not be thought of as being unproductive, as in the long run, less time is consumed than in direct copying. Furthermore, no manual operations are required so this can be done at night or during a weekend.
If it is wished to get maximum performance from machine tools, a measuring machine can be used exclusively for digitizing models. The programs generated will feed the different milling machines used solely for machining work. The measuring machine can also be used for dimensional control of parts from machining operations.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 121
6.30.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF DIGITIZING WITH THE FAGOR 8025/30 MS
CNC
Any digital probe can be used with the 8025/30 CNC.
During the digitizing phase, a simple program moves the probe on the pattern. The exploration can have the form of a rectangular grid, concentric circumferences, spiral, diametric, etc., so that it adapts as well as possible to the geometry of the model to be reproduced. It is also possible to define various areas and use a different exploration method in each of these.
One very important difference of the FAGOR digitizing method with respect to other systems which also use digital probes is that this one moves practically on the surface of the pattern.
. ADVANTAGES OF THE FAGOR METHOD
Less time is needed for the digitizing stage.
It can be used in large machines, even though the axis which moves the probe is very heavy, as it is not submitted to continuous rocking movements which could damage its mechanism.
After the data has been collected a program is generated which can be stored in the memory of the MS 8025/30 CNC or in the disc of a computer, by using the FAGORDNC communication system. This second option is the one used normally, as the programs which are generated by digitizing are usually of a large size than the memory capacity of the control (32 Kb).
If the pattern has any type of symmetry, only one part can be digitized and then, by applying mirror images 9G11, G12, G13), transfers (G92, G53 .... G59) and axis turns (G73), the complete pattern can be reproduced. This allows a reduction both in the digitizing time and the length of the program.
Reproduction can be obtained with smoothed paths if, instead of going from one point to another in a straight line (G1), G8 functions are used (Tangent circumference to the previous path) and G9 (circumference defined by three points).
The application of scale factors (G72) allows a complete family of parts to be made from a single pattern.
122 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
All these functions, the coordinates of the points, as well as machining conditions (feed rate, tool to be used, spindle revolutions, etc.), can be entered automatically during the digitizing stage by means of the G76 function, for which reason it is not necessary to edit the program which is generated afterwards.
Should it be necessary to make modifications the control reserves 100 blocks before the first block (N100) generated by the digitizing process.
The program can occupy up to several Mb of memory. During the machining stage, it is necessary to transmit it as an infinite program using FAGORDNC. DNC software guarantees safe transmission of data by means of an RS 232C lines. For this reason, it has a communications protocol which automatically retransmits the data should there be an error in transmission or reception.
Finally, it is also possible to send the program generated from digitizing to a CAD/CAM system capable of reconstructing the geometry of the pattern. Once there, the original design could be modified and the process is completed by machining the definitive design.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 123
6.30.3. Preparation of a digitizing operation and later execution at the machine.
. CONCEPTION OF THE SYSTEM. THE PROBE.
The probe can be fastened to the toolholder of the milling machine or machining center, as if it were a tool, converting the machine tool into an automatic digitizing system.
The tip (interchangeable) of the needle of the probe isprovided with a ball which is threaded to the probe and follows the surface of the pattern during digitizing. Each probe involves a family of tips with different ball radii for multiple applications.
The diameter of the ball of the needle or tip should be the same as the tool used in subsequent machining.
The corrections of radii for other tools are also possible but another treatment of the
digitized program is required (G41, G42, G43).
The different probe needles have variable weights. In fact, in the probe system, needles must
have a maximum weight of 200 gm approximately to avoid possible errors of interpretation of contact.
. CALIBRATING THE PROBE
For this, we use the N01 cycle with which we determine the offset values for the probe, which will be entered by the CNC in the corresponding corrector, which we have chosen previously.
(T00 by default.) The offset values are the error which may exist in the axes of the main plane between the axis of the toolholder and the center of the measurement probe ball.
In order to execute this cycle it is necessary to machine a hole beforehand, inside which we will carry out the probings.
Once the hole has been made, the diameter and X,Y,Z coordinates of which we know (this is due to that fact that we have chosen the place previously and moved to it with the CNC jog
controls) we change the tool for the probe and move in Z until we are inside the hole.
Next, we execute the N01 probe calibration cycle. Previously the programming format is completed and the tool corrector is chosen where we want offset I,K to appear. T00 corrector is taken by default. All these operations can be done in TEACH-IN.
On exiting from the cycle the control automatically updates the I,K offset of the table and the probe goes back to the starting point. Next we complete the rest of the information on the table:
R : Radius of the ball
L : Length of the probe (depends on the zero part).
If zero part is on the surface of part, L will be zero also.
This type of probe placed on the toolholder of the spindle will be used to carry out the remaining probingcycles. If we change the probe for another, we must repeat the entire process. Once the probe has been calibrated we can proceed with the probing of the surface chosen.
124 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
. DIGITIZING OF THE PATTERN
Digitizing consists of the reading of points on a surface with a measurement probe.
Points are read with the combination of the preparatory functions of the CNC:
- Function G75 allows the reading and acceptance of the points by the CNC.
- The G76 function allows these to be stored in the CNC itself, if the contents are less than
32 Kb, or in a computer.
The program obtained in this way allows the reproduction of the points and the generation of the surface which has been digitized previously in two ways:
- From the CNC itself, if the contents are less than 32 Kb.
- Of from a computer by means of the FAGORDNC application using the option: EXECUTION
OF THE INFINITE PROGRAM.
1-Sampling program
This is a CNC program which guides the probe along the surface to be digitized in a succession of points which is as extensive and dense as the computer systems available permit.
The probe travels over the surface of the model at defined intervals of space, defined in the sample program. The coordinates of these points will be read and the different blocks of the machining program will be generated.
By observing the model to be digitized and depending on its geometry we can choose different types of sampling:
-Rectangular probing according to the X axis.
-Rectangular probing according to the Y axis.
-Circular probing.
-Diametric probing.
-Profile monitoring probing.
-Combinations of these.
-Etc.
Later, examples of these sampling programs will be seen.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 125
2 - Considerations on the sampling program.
The execution of the sampling program implies the following steps: a) The probe will go to a specific point above the surface of the pattern.
b) Next, with the aid of function G75 the reading of the different coordinates (W), (V), X,
Y, Z.
After G75 the probe will lower as far as the programmed coordinate until it receives the external signal of the probe. Once this has been received, the block will be considered complete, the real position of the point of contact of the probe being accepted as the theoretical position.
If the axes arrive at a programmed position before receiving the probe signal, the CNC will indicate error 65.
c) With the aid of a block which contains the G76 function a block can be generated which will be sent automatically, either to the CNC memory or to a computer via DNC.
The information after G76 can be:
- Coordinates of the (W), (V), X, Y, Z axes.
- G,F,S,T functions.
This entire process will be repeated for one of the points until the chosen sampling program is complete.
3 Final considerations.
Digitizing is always carried out within a defined volume. The planes which delimit this volume are parallel to the machine axes. Thanks to the appropriate distribution of the planes parts of the contour can be digitized.
It is possible to divide the surface of the pattern into several parts and define a different
sampling network for each area, all this by means of the combination of different sampling sweeps which Fagor offers as an example.
The sequence of points must have a logical form for later machining, where the tool, with the same shape as the probe ball, will travel over the line of points stored in the program. If it is necessary to machine in several runs the program must be executed several times by applying successive origin displacements or changes in the tool length compensation.
In a previous block, the control automatically reserves 100 blocks in which preparatory functions can be defined which affect all the program: rounded edges, scale factor, axis
turn, etc.
126 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Thanks to different processes within the digitizing program, we can optimize the probing
of the pattern. For example, geometrical aid functions can also be entered in the generation block G76 with which it is possible to round off the machining profile calculated point by point.
One of the multiple applications of the G76 function is the creation of a program known as the mathematical function. The path followed is calculated by means of a parametric program and executing it in DRY RUN. These programs have a special sense when the mathematical function is very complex and the control cannot process all the calculation in real time simultaneously with machining. The path breaks down previously into successive points, with the possibility of rounding off, for example, being stored as a new program.
. FAGORDNC FOR DIGITIZING
Once executed, FAGORDNC selects the DIGITIZING option. Once this has been done, the computer waits to receive data from the CNC. Now we execute the probing program which has been chosen previously for the pattern. When the CNC stops digitizing the whole surface
of the pattern, the computer will indicate the PROGRAM RECEIVED message.
The programs stored in the computer can be modified with any text editor which generates
ASCII characters, as if they were texts. In this way we can modify the depth of the run, work rate, etc., or program machining conditions in the first 100 blocks reserved for this.
In order to execute the program store in the computer and after executing this, the FAGORDNC communicationsprogram, we will choose the INFINITE PROGRAM EXECUTION option.
The computer will ask for the program number, and afterwards, the number of times that it will repeat the program, and finally, we will choose between executing the program in
AUTOMATIC, DRY RUN, “G” FUNCTIONS, THEORETICAL PATH. After this sequence of keystrokes, the computer starts sending the program generated to the numerical control, following the path of the previously digitized surface. Once the program has been completely executed, the computer will show the PROGRAM EXECUTED message.
It is very important to be familiar with the OPERATING SYSTEM of the computer to carry out all these processes. On occasions, it is of invaluable help.
. PARAMETERS INVOLVED WITH DIGITIZING.
P612 bit 7 indicates the type of impulse (+ or -).
P720 if G75 sends M.
The 9-pin A6 connector is used for receiving the signals from a measurement probe.
(Specifications in the Installation and Start-up Manual).
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 127
6.30.4. G76. Automatic block generation
This function (G76) is used to generate blocks that are automatically loaded into the CNC or to a computer (via DNC).
If the new program is going to be loaded into the CNC, a block of the type G76 P5 must be previously written.
But if the new program is to be sent directly to a computer, a block of the type G76 N5 must be previously written.
Once G76 P5 or G76 N5 executed; each time that the CNC executes any block containing G76, it will load whatever is after G76 into the new program.
The programming format is:
N4 G76 (contents of the block to be created).
The contents of the block to be created are similar to the normal programming except that the preparatory functions G22 and G23 cannot be programmed.
After G76, the coordinates can be programmed in different ways: a) (V+/-4.3)(W+/-4.3) X+/- 4.3 Z+/-4.3
Loads the axes with the indicated values.
b) (V)(W) X Y Z
Loads the axes with the theoretical values that they show at this time.
c) (VP2)(WP2) XP2 ZP2
Loads the axes with the values of the parameter at this time.
In the same way, if FP2 or SP2 are programmed after G76, the CNC will load the F or
S in the new program with the values of the parameter in that moment.
128 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example: Let us suppose that the X coordinate of the point where the machine finds itself is
78.35. If we run the following program:
N10 G76 P00345
N20 G76 G1 X F500 M3
N30 P2=P3 F2 K1
N40 G76 XP2 ZP5 M7
N50 G76 G0 X14 Z20 M5 and if in block 40 the parameter values are: P2=14.853 and P5=154.37, the CNC will generate the following program P00345.
N100 G1 X78.35 F500 M3
N101 X14.853 Z154.37 M7
N102 G0X14 Z20 M5
It is necessary to program all five digits of the program number in blocks of type G76 P5 or
G76 N5.
The CNC must be in DNC ON (operating mode 7) in order to load the new program into a computer (see DNC manual).
If the number of the program to be generated exists already in memory (e.g. P12345) it must be in the last position of the program map; but if G76 P12345 is executed, the old program is erased and the new one can be generated.
When the program number exists in memory but is not the last one in the memory map, the CNC will issue error 56.
Atention:
When a program is edited it goes to the last position in the memory map and when it is executed it goes to the first position.
When a program is being generated, another program cannot be generated until the generation of the previous one is cancelled by means of M2, M30,
RESET or EMERGENCY.
Some of the applications of the G76 function are, for example, the creation of a program after the calculation of a path by means of a parametric program, or the DIGITIZING of a model with a measuring probe (G75) generating a point-to-point program as large as desired.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 129
Example G76: DIGITIZING ALONG THE X AXIS
Creation of a program by copying the points of a part with a measuring probe (G75).
Calling parameters:
P0 = Minimum X value to sweep.
P1 = Maximum X value to sweep.
P2 = Minimum Y value to sweep.
P3 = Maximum Y value to sweep.
P4 = Minimum Z value to sweep.
P5 = Maximum Z value to sweep.
P6 = Maximum step value on X.
P7 = Maximum step value on Y.
P8 = Regular movement feedrate.
P9 = Probing movement feedrate.
Parameters used for calculations P10= Z axis increment for G75.
P11= Number of steps on X.
P12= Number of steps on Y.
P13= Starting point’s X value.
P14= Starting point’s Y value.
P15= Starting point’s Z value.
P16= Step counter for X axis.
P17= Indicates which values must be loaded (0=XZ, 1=YZ)
P18= Current X value.
P19= Current Y value.
P99= Increase of Z for successive runs
130 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Pitch in X
Pitch in Y
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 131
Example in inches:
% 00075
N10 (digitizing along the X axis)
N20 G76 N12345 (Program to be loaded into computer)
N40 G76 F200 (Feedrate)
N50 P0=K0.5 (minimum X)
N60 P1=K11.5 (maximum X)
N70 P2=K0.3 (minimum Y)
N80 P3=K2.7 (maximum Y)
N90 P4=K0 (minimum Z)
N100 P5=K2.25 (maximum Z)
N110 P6=K0.05 (maximum step in X)
N120 P7=K0.05 (maximum step in Y)
N130 P8=K100 (regular movement feedrate)
N140 P9=K200 (probing feedrate)
N145 P99=K-0.0394 (Z successive runs)
N150 P10=P1F2P0 P11=P10F4P6 P12=F12P11 P11=F11P12
N160 G26 N170
N170 P11=P12F1K1 P6=P10F4P11
N180 P10=P3F2P2 P12=P10F4P7 P13=F12P12 P12=F11P13
N190 G26 N200
N200 P12=P13F1K1 P7=P10F4P12
N210 P10=P4F2P5 P10=P10F2K1
N220 P13=X P14=Y P15=Z P17=K0 P18=P0 P19=P2
N230 G7 G0 G90 XP0 YP2
N240 G76 G0 G90 XY
N250 ZP5
N260 G76 Z
N263 G76 G91 G Z-P99
N265 G76G92 ZP5
N270 G76 G1 G5
N280 G1 G91 G75 ZP10 FP9 (digitizing)
N290 G0 Z0.0394
N300 P16=K0
N310 G1 G91 G75 ZP10 FP9
N320 P17=F11K1
N330 G27 N380
N340 G76 YZ
N350 P17=K0
N360 G25 N390
N370 G76 XZ
N380 P16=P16F1K1 P18=P18F1P6 P11=F11P16
N390 G28 N430
N400 G90 XP18 FP8
N410 G25 N320
132 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N420 P17=K1 P6=F16P6 P18=P18F1P6 P19=P19F1P7
N430 G90 YP19 FP8
N440 G25 N310.430.1
N450 P12=P12F2K1
N460 G27 N440
N470 G0 G90 ZP15
N480 G76 G0Z
N490 XP13 YP14
N500 G76 XY M30
N510 M30
After the execution of this program, the CNC will have generated and loaded into the computer the following P12345 program: N100 G1 F500
N101 G0 G90 X— Y—
N102 Z—
N103 G1 G5
N— Y— Z—
N— Y— Z— Etc.
The sequence of the points must be logical so the tool can follow them while machining the same way as the probe did.
In the described example a grid sweeping pattern has been followed on the main plane XY with the probe touching along the Z axis.
If this sweeping pattern is not suitable for the model to be copied, other patterns can be used like concentric circles, etc. on any plane XY, XZ, YZ and even with the auxiliary axis V, W.
It is also possible to divide the surface in separate areas and define a different sweeping pattern for each area.
If the machining must be done in various passes, the program will have to be executed applying successive zero-offsets or changes in tool length compensation.
All preparatory functions (square corner, scaling factor) that will affect the whole program can be defined in a previous block.
The CNC reserves automatically 100 blocks. Geometrical functions can also be included in a
G76 type block:
. G08 Arc tangent to the previous path.
. G09 Arc defined by three points.
With these functions it is possible to smoothen the point-to-point machining profile.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 133
6.30.5. OTHER DIGITIZING EXAMPLES
1. Example G76: DIGITIZING ALONG THE Y AXIS
Creation of a program by copying the points of a part with a measuring probe (G75).
Calling parameters:
P0 = Minimum X value to sweep.
P1 = Maximum X value to sweep.
P2 = Minimum Y value to sweep.
P3 = Maximum Y value to sweep.
P4 = Minimum Z value to sweep.
P5 = Maximum Z value to sweep.
P6 = Maximum step value on X.
P7 = Maximum step value on Y.
P8 = Regular movement feedrate.
P9 = Probing movement feedrate.
Parameters used for calculations
P10= Z axis increment for G75.
P11= Number of steps on X.
P12= Number of steps on Y.
P13= Starting point’s X value.
P14= Starting point’s Y value.
P15= Starting point’s Z value.
P16= Step counter for X axis.
P17= Indicates which values must be loaded (0=XZ, 1=YZ)
P18= Current X value.
P19= Current Y value.
P99= Increase of Z for successive runs
134 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Pitch in Y
Pitch in X
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 135
Example in inches:
%00076
N5 (digitizing along the Y axis)
N10 (P=Memory N = Computer)
N20 G76 N54321 (Program to be loaded into computer)
N30 (Machining conditions)
N40 G76 F200
N50 P0=K0.3 (minimum Y)
N60 P1=K2.7 (maximum Y)
N70 P2=K0.5 (minimum X)
N80 P3=K11.5 (maximum X)
N90 P4=K0 (minimum Z)
N100 P5=K2.25 (maximum Z)
N110 P6=K0.05 (maximum step in Y)
N120 P7=K0.05 (maximum step in X)
N130 P8=K500 (regular movement feedrate)
N140 P9=K200 (probing feedrate)
N145 P99=K-0.0394 (Z successive runs)
N150 P10=P1F2P0 P11=P10F4P6 P12=F12P11 P11=F11P12
N160 G26 N170
N170 P11=P12F1K1 P6=P10F4P11
N180 P10=P3F2P2 P12=P10F4P7 P13=F12P12 P12=F11P13
N190 G26 N200
N200 P12=P13F1K1 P7=P10F4P12
N210 P10=P4F2P5 P10=P10F2K2
N220 P13=X P14=Y P15=Z P17=K0 P18=P0 P19=P2
N230 G7 G0 G90 XP0 YP2
N240 G76 G0 G90 XY
N250 ZP5
N260 G76 Z
N263 G76 G91 G Z-P99
N265 G76G92 ZP5
N270 G76 G1 G5
N280 G1 G91 G75 ZP10 FP97 (digitizing)
N290 G0 Z0.0394
N300 P16=K0
N310 G1 G91 G75 ZP10 FP9
N320 P17=F11K1
136 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N330 G27 N380
N340 G76 XZ
N350 P17=K0
N360 G25 N390
N370 G76 YZ
N380 P16=P16F1K1 P18=P18F1P6 P11=F11P16
N390 G28 N430
N400 G90 XP18 FP8
N410 G25 N320
N420 P17=K1 P6=F16P6 P18=P18F1P6 P19=P19F1P7
N430 G90 YP19 FP8
N440 G25 N310.430.1
N450 P12=P12F2K1
N460 G27 N440
N470 G0 G90 ZP15
N480 G76 G0Z
N490 XP13 YP14
N500 G76 XY M30
N510 M30
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 137
2. Example G76: CIRCULAR DIGITIZING
Creation of a program by copying the points of a part with a measuring probe (G75).
Calling parameters:
P0 = Radius value.
P1 = Pi value.
P2 = Increment value of the radius to sweep.
P4 = Increment value of the arc to sweep.
P6 = Descent value in Z.
P8 = Regular movement feedrate.
P9 = Probing movement feedrate.
Parameters used for calculations
P13= Whole part of the angle.
P22= Accumulated radius value.
P31= Angle to rotate.
138 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 139
%00053
N1 (circular digitizing)
N5 (P=Memory N = Computer)
N6 G76 N90000 (Program to be stored in the computer)
N7 G92XYZ
N8 G76 XYZ
N9 G76 G91 Z-0.1 (Successive runs)
N10 G76 G92 Z0
N11 G76 G90
N12 P13=K0P31=K0 P22 = K0.4 (Radius)
N13 P1= K3.14159 (¶)
N14 P2=K0.05(Radius increment)
N15 P4=K0.05 (Arc increment)
N16 P22=P2 (Accumulated radius value)
N17 P6=K2.25 (Z axis descent)
N18 P8=K200 (Displacement feed)
N19 P9=K40 (Probing feed)
N20 G20 N1
N21 G90 G1 RP22
N30 G21 N1
N40 G20 N1
N50 G1 G5 G91 AP31 FP8
N55 G76 XY
N60 G28 N40
N70 P22=F11P0
N80 G28 N20
N82 G90 G Z
N84 G76 Z
N86 G90 G X Y
N87 G76 X Y
N88 G76 M30
N90 M30
N95 (Subroutines)
N100 G22 N1
N110 G1 G5 G90 G75 Z-P6 FP9 (Digitizing)
N120 G76 G90 Z
N125 P3=P3F1P31P3=F11K360
N130 G24
N140 G23 N1
N145 P99=K-0.040 (Z successive runs)
N150 P31=K2F3P1 P31=P31F3P22P31=P31F4P4
P13=F12P31 P31=K360F4P31 P3=K0(Calculation of rotation angle)
N160 P22=P22F1P2 (Calculation of the radius by successive increments)
N170 G24
140 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
3. Example G76: DIAMETRIC DIGITIZING
Creation of a program by copying the points of a part with a measuring probe (G75).
Calling parameters:
P0 = Radius of the part.
P1 = Initial angle fixed at 360 degrees.
P2 = Pitch of radius to sweep.
P3 = Pitch of angle to sweep.
P4 = Minimum Z value to sweep.
P5 = Maximum Z value to sweep.
P8 = Regular movement feedrate.
P9 = Probing movement feedrate.
Parameters used for calculations
P10= Accumulated angular increment of the angle.
P11= Distance to travel in angle and absolute value.
P12= Absolute value of the distance to travel in angle.
P20= Accumulated value of radius.
P21= Total absolute radius to travel.
P22= No. of steps in radius
P23= Changed radius sign.
P30= Z limit for G75.
P99= Z increment for successive runs.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 141
142 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
%00099
N0 G76 N10000 (Program to be stored in computer)
N5 (Diametric digitizing)
N10 G76 F500 S200 M3 (Machining conditions)
N20 P0=K67 (Radius of part)
N30 P1=K360 (Invariable initial angle)
N40 (radius pitch)
N50 P3=K3 (Angle pitch)
N70 P4=K-50 (minimum Z)
N80 P5=K13 (maximum Z)
N90 P8=K200 (regular movement feedrate)
N100 P9=K100 (probing feedrate)
N105 P99=K-1 (Z successive runs)
N110 P20=P0P21 P20F4P2 P22 =F12P21 P21=F11P22
N112 G26 N118
N114 P21=P22F1K1 P2=P20F4P21 (New radius increment)
N118 P30=P4F2P5 P30=F2K1
N120 P10=P1P11=P10F4P3P12=F12P11 P11=F11P12
N122 G26 N128
N126 P11=P12F1K1P3=P10F4P11(New angular increment)
N127 G1 X Y Z
N128 G93 I J
N130 G76 G93 I J
N140 G G90 Z P5
N150 G76 G1 G90 G5
N155 G76 Z
N156 G76 G91 Z-P99
N157 G76 G92 X P5
N160 G5 G1 G90 RP0 AP1 F500
N170 G76 X Y Z
N180 G1 G91 G75 Z P30 FP9 (Digitizing)
N190 G1 Z1
N200 G1 G91 G75 ZP30 FP9 (Digitizing)
N210 G76 X Y Z
N280 P20=P20F2P2 P23 = F16P0 P20=F11P23 (Compare with R)
N290 G28 N320
N300 G90 G1 RP20 AP10 FP8
N310 G25 N200
N320 P10=P10F2P3 P10=F11K180 (Compare angle)
N322 G28 N400
N325 G90 G5 RP20 AP10 FP8
N340 G1 G91 G75 ZP30 FP9
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 143
N350 G76 X Y Z
N360 P20=P20F1P2 P20=F11P0 Compare with R)
N370 G29 N374
N372 G28 N380
N374 P10=P10F2P3 P10=F11K180 (Compare angle)
N376 G28 N400
N378 G25 N200
N380 G90 G1 RP20 AP10 FP8
N390 G25 N340
N400 G G90 ZP5
N410 G76 G Z
N420 G1 X Y
N430 G76 G1 X Y M30
N440 M30
144 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
4-Example G76 : PROFILE DIGITIZING
Creation of a program by copying the points of a part with a measuring probe (G75).
Calling parameters:
P2 = Minimum X value to sweep.
P3 = Minimum Y value to sweep.
P4 = Initial angle
P5 = Angle pitch
P6 = Regular movement feed rate.
P8 = Probing movement feed rate.
Parameters used for calculations
P10= Accumulated value of the angle.
P11= Distance to travel in absolute value and angle.
P12= Whole part of P11.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 145
146 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
%00098
N0 G76 N98765
N10 (Digitizing of profile)
N20 (Machining conditions)
N30 G76 F500 S200 M3
N40 P2=K60 (Minimum X)
N50 P3=K0 (Minimum Y)
N60 P8=K-20(Probing Z)
N70 P4=K360 (Initial angle)
N80 P5=K1 (Angle pitch)
N90 P6=K600 (Regular movement feed rate)
N100 P11=P4F4P5 P12=F12P11 P11=F11P12
N110 G26 N130
N120 P11=P12F1K1 P5=P4F4P11
N130 G G90 X Y
N140 G93 I J
N150 G90 XP2 YP3
N160 G76 G G90 X Y
N170 G1 ZP8 F500
N180 G76 G1 Z FP6
N190 G5 G75 X Y (Digitizing)
N200 G76 X Y
N204 P4=P4F1P5
N210 G90 AP4
N220 P10=P4F1P4=P10 P10=F11K270
N230 G29 N250
N240 G25 N190
N250 G Z0
N260 G76 G Z0 M30
N270 M30
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 147
5. Example G76. CALCULATION OF THE POINTS OF AN ELLIPSE
This is a parametric program which, when executed, will calculate the different points of an ellipse and load them into a new program by means of G76 for later machining.
The calling parameters are the following:
P0 = Half the long axis (A).
P1 = Half the short axis (B).
P3 = Starting point’s angle.
P20= Angular increment.
The XY coordinates of the various points that compose the ellipse are calculated according to the formula:
X = P0 SIN P3
Y = P1 COS P3
148 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Let us suppose that the tool’s starting point is X-100 Y100 and the X axis is programmed in radius. The calculation program is P761, shown below:
N10 G76 P00098
N20 P0=K20 P1=K10 P3=K0 P20=K2
N30 G76 G41 T1.1
N40 P4=F7P3 P5=F8P3 P6=P0F3P4 P7=P1F3P5
N50 G76 G0 G5 XP6 YP7 (ellipse’s starting point)
N60 P3=P3F1P20 P4=F7P3 P5=F8P3 P8=P0F3P4 P9=P1F3P5
N70 P3=P3F1P20 P4=F7P3 P5=F8P3 P10=P0F3P4 P11=P1F3P5
N80 G76 G1 G9 XP10 YP11 IP8 JP9 F250
N90 P3=P3F1P20 P4=F7P3 P5=F8P3 P10=P0F3P4 P11=P1F3P5
N100 G76 G8 XP10 YP11
N110 P99=K176
N120 G25 N90.100.P99
N130 G76 G0 G40 X-100 Y100
N140 M30
When executing this program in DRY RUN program P00098 is generated and loaded into the
CNC memory for later machining:
N100 G41 T1.1
N101 G0 G5 X— Y—
N102 G1 G9 X— Y— I— J— F250
N103 G8 X— Y—
N104 G8 X— Y—
N105 “ “
N ? G0 G40 X-100 Y100
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 149
6.31. G77. SLAVING OF THE 4TH W AXIS (5TH V AXIS) WITH ITS
ASSOCIATED AXIS
G78. CANCELLATION OF G77.
In 4 axis machines, after the execution of the G77 function, the 4th axis (W) is electronically coupled (slaved) with its associated axis (the axis which is indicated in machine parameter
P11), until it is uncoupled (unslaved) by means of the execution of the G78 function. I.e., when the G77 function is active, the 4th axis (W) will carry out the same movements that have been programmed for its associated axis.
While the G77 function is active, movements of the 4th axis (W) cannot be programmed. This application is useful in machines which have two spindles mounted on independent shafts.
In 5 axis machines, G77 couples the 5th axis V with the one indicated in machine parameter
P11, equivalent to the indications for the 4th axis W. The G77 and G78 functions are
MODAL. Under starting conditions, after executing M02, M30, Reset or Emergency, the CNC assumes the G78 function.
150 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.32. MACHINING CANNED CYCLES
This CNC features the following canned cycles:
G79 : User defined canned cycle
G81 : Drilling canned cycle
G82 : Drilling canned cycle with dwell
G83 : Deep drilling canned cycle
G84 : Tapping canned cycle
G85 : Reaming canned cycle
G86 : Boring canned cycle with G00 withdrawal
G87 : Rectangular pocket canned cycle
G88 : Circular pocket canned cycle
G89 : Boring canned cycle with G01 withdrawal
The canned cycles can be performed in any plane; so, when programming a canned cycle, it will be performed in the plane selected, the penetration being carried out on the axis perpendicular to that plane.
The fourth axis (W), as well as the 5th axis (V), can be a part of the main plane or, if they are linear axes, they can be the perpendicular axis to this plane.
6.32.1. Zone of influence of the canned cycle
Once a canned cycle has been defined as described in the previous section, all the subsequent blocks programmed will be under the influence of that canned cycle until it is cancelled. In other words, each time a block is executed in which any movement of the axes is programmed, the machining corresponding to the canned cycle defined will be carried out automatically.
The structure of the blocks which are within the zone of influence of the canned cycle is normal except that N2 can be programmed at the end of the block (number of times the block is repeated). If N0 is programmed, the canned cycle will not be performed after the movement is carried out.
If there as a motionless block within the zone of influence of a canned cycle, the machining of that canned cycle will not be carried out, except in the calling block. If continued performance of the same canned cycle is desired with a change of any of the parameters (Z,I,J,K), the cycle has to be redefined.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 151
6.32.2. Cancellation of canned cycles .
Programming the code G80 in a block cancels any canned cycle that is active.
. When a canned cycle is defined, it cancels and replaces any others that are active.
. Canned cycles are also cancelled by means of MO2, M30, RESET or EMERGENCY.
. All canned cycles except G79 are also cancelled by G32, G53/G59, G74, G92, M02, M30,
RESET or EMERGENCY or when a new main plane has been selected with G17, G18 or
G19.
6.32.3. General considerations
. A canned cycle can be defined within a standard or parametric subroutine.
. Calling of standard or parametric subroutines can be performed from a block of the zone of influence of a canned cycle without involving cancellation of the canned cycle.
. The performance of the canned cycle does not affect the sequence of the preceding G functions or the direction of rotation of the spindle. A canned cycle may begin with either direction of rotation (M03,M04) and end with the same direction (this is not affected by the stops and reversal involved in the cycle).
. If the canned cycle begins with the spindle not running, the latter starts clockwise (M03) and continues rotating clockwise on completing the cycle.
. Defining a canned cycle cancels radius compensation. It is equivalent to G40.
. The execution of a canned cycle alters the value of the Arithmetic parameters P70 to P99.
. In the block of definition of a canned cycle, the cycle relevant G will be cancelled if after it, G02,G03,G08,G09 or G33 (one of them) is programmed.
. When defining a canned cycle, except G79, either while functions G02,G03 or G33 are active or programming functions G08 or G09 in the same block, the CNC will display error
4.
. Once a canned cycle has been defined, the functions G02,G03,G08 or G09 can be programmed in the subsequent blocks.
152 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.32.4. G79. Canned cycle definition
By means of the function G79, the rank of canned cycle can be given to any parametric subprogram defined by the user (G23 N2); that means the blocks following the calling block
(G79 N2 ...) are under the influence of the canned cycle until the function G79 is cancelled. The calling block format is:
N4 G79 N2 P2=K— P2=K— ...
When reading a block programmed this way, the CNC will execute the N2 parametric subprogram which will be identified by G23 N2 either in any part of the program or in another program. In a calling block values may be assigned to the parameters (P2=K— P2=K—). If after this block, any other movement of axes is programmed, N2 subprogram will be executed.
In the definition of a parametric subroutine (G23 N2) which is going to be called by the function
G79, no other canned cycle can be programmed. Otherwise the CNC will display error 13.
Nevertheless, G80 (end of canned cycle) can be programmed (must be by itself) in a block indicating the end of the subroutine. If the subroutine has more than one nesting level, G80 can only be programmed on the first level.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 153
6.32.5. (G81,G82,G84,G85,G86,G89) canned cycle definition
The basic structure of the block in which one of these canned cycles is defined, is as follows:
N4 G8? G(98 or 99) (V+/-4.3) (W+/-4.3) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 K2.2 N2
N4 :Block number (0-9999).
G8? :Code of the canned cycle selected.
G98 : Withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane to the starting plane, after completing the machining of the hole.
G99 : Withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane up to the reference plane
(approach), after completing the machining of the hole. Reference plane identifies a plane that is close to the part’s surface.
X+/-4.3 :Their values have different meaning depending on the plane in which we are
Y+6-4.3 :operating.
Z+/-4.3 :
*(W+/-4.3):
*(V+/-4.3) :
MAIN
PLANE VALUE
X/Y
G17
X+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
MEANING
X/Z
G18
X+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
They define the movement of the axes of the main plane necessary to position the tool in the center of the first machining. The values will be either absolute or incremental depending on the function on which we are operating (G90 or G91).
The movements will be carried out either in rapid or in F operation feedrate, depending on the function on which we are operating (G00 or
G01).
That point can be also programmed in polar coordinates.
Y/Z
G19
X/Y
G17
X/Z
G18
Y/Z
G19
Y+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
X+/-4.3
It identifies the movement of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, from the starting plane up to the reference plane (approach). This movement will be executed in rapid (G00). The values will be either absolute or incremental, depending on the function on which we are operating (G90 or G91). This value must necessarily be programmed.
* If the 4th W axis or the 5th V axis is perpendicular to the main plane, it must be a linear axis.
But if it is one of the axis of the main plane, it may also be a rotary axis.
154 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
I+/-4.3 : It defines the depth of the machining. With G90, the values are absolute, in other words, they are related to the origin of the axis perpendicular to the main plane. With
G91 the values are incremental, that means, they are related to the reference plane
(approach).
K2.2. : It defines the dwell from reaming the full machining depth until starting its withdrawal.
A value may be programmed either within K0.00 (0.00 sec.) and K99.99 (99.99) or within 0.00 and 655.35, if it is programmed with a parameter (K P3).
The programming of this parameter is obligatory only in drilling cycle with dwell
G82, if it is not programmed, the CNC will display error 44. In the other, canned cycles, if K parameter is not programmed, the CNC assumes the value of K0.
N2 : It defines the number of times that the block’s execution is to be repeated.
Any value between N0 and N99 can be programmed, but, if the value is programmed with a parameter (N P3), the latter can have a value between 0 and 255. If parameter
N is not programmed, the CNC assumes the value N1. Obviously, the programming of values of N higher than 1 makes sense when operating on G91, in other words, if the axis movement values are incremental, since otherwise the machinings will be repeated at the same point. When programming the same canned cycle a number of times, only F, S and M functions will be executed in the cycle calling block.
A more detailed explanation of the (G81,G82,G84,G85,G86 and G89) canned cycle is subsequently given, supposing that the main plane is the one formed by X and Y axes and that
Z is the axis of the tool.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 155
6.32.5.1. G81. Drilling canned cycle
The operations and movements of the tool (Z axis) are as follows:
. If the spindle was previously running, it continues rotating in the same direction. If it was not running, it starts clockwise (M03).
. Rapid movement of the Z axis from the starting plane to the reference (approach) plane.
. Movement at the working feedrate of the Z axis to the full machining depth. . Dwell, if
K has been programmed.
. Rapid withdrawal of the tool (Z axis) to the reference (approach) plane if G99 is programmed.
. Rapid withdrawal to the starting plane if G98 is programmed.
(G81) DRILLING
K=Programmable
dwell
P=Starting plane
R=Reference plane
G01 Feed
G00 Feed
156 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example G81
Drilling four holes 20 mm deep (polar coordinates).
Let us suppose that:
. The distance between the reference plane and the surface of the part is 2 mm.
. The starting point is X0,Y0,Z0 and the spindle is not running.
N0 G81 G98 G00 G91 X250 Y350 Z-98 I-22 F100 S500 N1
N5 G93 I250 J250
N10 A-45 N3
N15 G80 G90 X0 Y0
N20 M30
First block (N0)
G81 : Defines the drilling canned cycle.
G98 : Defines the tool withdrawal (Z axis) to the starting plane.
G00 : Defines the movement of the X and Y axes as being rapid.
G91 : Defines the dimensions as being incremental.
X( ) : Movement in millimeters on these axes.
Y( )
Z( ) : Tool movement in millimeters (Z axis) from the starting plane to the reference plane.
I( ) : Movement in millimeters from the reference plane to the full machining depth.
F( ) : Working feedrate in mm/min.
S( ) : Spindle rotation speed in rev/min.
N( ) : Number of times the block is repeated.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 157
Second block (N5)
G93 : Defines the origin of polar coordinates (polar origin).
I( ) : Coordinate values (abscissa, ordinate) of the polar origin.
J( )
Third block (N10)
A( ) : Incremental angular movement referred to the polar origin defined in N5.
N( ) : Number of times the block is repeated.
Fourth block (N15)
G80 : Cancellation of the canned cycle.
G90 :Defines the X and Y dimensions as being absolute.
X( ) :Absolute coordinate values of these.
Y( )
Fifth block (N20)
M30 : End of program, with return to the first block.
158 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Starting plane
Reference
plane
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 159
Sequence and explanation of operations
1. The X moves in rapid to point X250, and the Y axis to point Y350.
2. The spindle starts rotating clockwise (M03) at 500 rev/min.
3. The Z axis moves 98 mm in rapid to Z-98 (reference plane).
4. The Z axis moves a further 22 mm at the working feedrate (F100) to point Z-120 (full drilling depth).
5. The Z axis withdraws 22 mm in rapid to the starting plane (Z 0).
6. The X,Y axes move in rapid to a point located at 45º from the previous position, along a circle centered on X250 Y250 and radius 100 (distance from the first hole to the polar origin).
7. Operations 3,4 and 5 are repeated.
8. Operations 6 is repeated.
9. Operations 3,4 and 5 are repeated.
10. Operation 6 is repeated.
11. Operation 3,4 and 5 are repeated.
12. The X,Y axes move in rapid to point X0,Y0.
13. End of program. The spindle stops running.
A different program for this example could be the following: Polar origin X0 Y0.
N0 G81 G98 G00 G91 R430.116 A54.462 Z-98 I-22 F100 S500 N1
N5 G93 I250 J250
N10 A-45 N3
N15 G80 G90 X0 Y0
N20 M30
160 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.32.5.2. G82. Drilling canned cycle with dwell
The operations and movements of the tool (Z axis) are as follows:
. If the spindle was previously running, it continues rotating in the same direction. If it was not running, it starts clockwise (M03).
. Rapid movement of the Z axis from the starting plane to the reference (approach) plane.
. Movement at the working feedrate of the Z axis to the full machining depth.
. Dwell. Any time between 0.00 and 99.99 seconds may be programmed, unless it is programmed using a parameter (KP3) in which case the limits are 0.00 and 255. In this
cycle the programming of K dwell is obligatory.
. Rapid withdrawal of the Z axis to the reference plane if G99 is programmed.
. Rapid withdrawal of the Z axis to the starting plane if G98 is programmed.
(G82) DRILLING WITH DWELL
K=Programmable
dwell
P=Starting plane
R=Reference plane
G01 Feed
G00 Feed
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 161
Example G82:
Drilling four holes 20 mm deep.
Let us suppose that:
. The distance between the reference plane and the part’s surface is 2 mm.
. The starting point is X0, Y0, Z0 and the spindle is not running.
N0 G82 G99 G00 G91 X50 Y50 Z-98 I-22 K1.5 F100 S500 N3
N5 G98 G90 G00 X500 Y500 N1
N10 G80 G00 X0 Y0
N15 M30
First block (N0)
G82 : Defines the drilling canned cycle with dwell.
G99 : Defines the withdrawal of the tool (Z axis) to the reference plane.
G00 : Defines the movement of X and Y axes as being rapid.
G91 : Defines the X,Y,Z,I dimensions as being incremental.
X( ) : Movement in millimeters of these axes.
Y( )
Z( ) : Movement in millimeters of the tool (Z axis) from the starting plane to the reference one.
I( ) : Movement in millimeters from the reference plane to the full machining depth.
K( ) : Defines the dwell in seconds.
F( ) : Working feedrate in millimeters/min.
S( ) : Spindle rotation speed in rev/min.
N( ) : Number of times the block is repeated.
162 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Second block (N5)
G98 : Defines the withdrawal of the tool (Z axis) to the starting plane.
G00 : Defines the X and Y axes movement as being in rapid.
G90 : Defines the X and Y dimensions as being absolute.
X( ) : Absolute coordinates of these axes.
Y( )
Third block (N10)
G80 : Canned cycle cancellation.
G00 : Defines the X and Y axes movement as being in rapid.
X( ): Absolute coordinates of these values.
Y( )
Fourth block (N15)
M30 : End of program and return to the first block.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 163
164
Starting plane
R e f e r e n c e plane
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Sequence and explanation of the operations
1. The X and Y axes move 50 mm in rapid to point X50,Y50.
2. The spindle starts rotating clockwise (M03) at a speed of 500 rev/min.
3. The Z axis moves 98 mm in rapid to Z-98 (reference plane).
4. The Z axis moves a further 22 mm in working feedrate (F100) to point Z-120 (full drilling depth).
5. Dwell 1.5 seconds.
6. The Z axis withdraws 22 mm in rapid to the reference plane (Z-98).
7. The X and Y axes move 500 mm in rapid to point X100, Y100.
8. Operations 4,5 and 6 are repeated.
9. The X and Y axes move 5 mm in rapid to point X150, Y150.
10. Operations 4,5 and 6 are repeated.
11. The X and Y axes move in rapid to point X500,Y500.
12. Operation 4 repeated.
13. The Z axis withdraws 120 mm in rapid to the starting plane (Z0).
14. The X and Y axes move in rapid to point X0,Y0.
15. End of program. The spindle stops running.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 165
6.32.5.3. G84. Tapping canned cycle
The operations and movements of the tool (Z axis) are as follows:
. If the spindle was previously running, it continues to rotate in the same direction. If it was not running, it starts clockwise (M03).
. Rapid movement of the Z axis from the starting plane to the reference (approach) plane.
. Movement at the working feedrate of the Z axis to the full machining depth.
. Whether the spindle stops running or not (M05), depends on the value given to the machine-parameter P607(2).
. Dwell. Any time between 0.00 and 99.99 seconds may be programmed unless it is programmed using e parameter (KP3) in which case the limits are 0.00 and 655.35
seconds.
. Reversal of spindle rotation.
. The Z axis withdraws at the working feedrate to the reference plane.
. The spindle stops running or not (M05), depending on the value given to the machine parameter P607(2).
. Dwell (same value as programmed above).
. Reversal of spindle rotation.
. Rapid withdrawal of the Z axis to the starting plane if G98 is programmed.
(G84) TAPPING
P=Starting plane
R=Reference plane
G01 Feed
G00 Feed
K=Programmable
dwell
166 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Atention:
During the tapping canned cycle (G84), the feedrate is 100% regardless of the position of the FEEDRATE knob. also, the spindle speed (S) cannot be changed from the front panel keys during the movement of the axis perpendicular to the main plane.
Example
Tapping four holes, 20 mm deep.
Let us suppose that:
. The working plane is the one formed by X and Y axes.
. The distance between the reference plane and the surface of the part is 2 mm.
. The starting point is X0,Y0,Z0 and the spindle is not running.
N0 G84 G99 G00 G91 X50 Y50 Z-98 I-22 K1.5 F350 S500 N3
N5 G98 G90 G00 X500 Y500 N1
N10 G80 G00 X0 Y0
N15 M30
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 167
Starting plane
Reference
plane
168 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Sequence and explanation of operations
1. The X and Y axes move 50 mm in rapid to point X50,Y50.
2. The spindle starts rotating clockwise (M03) at 500 rev/min.
3. The Z axis moves 98 mm in rapid to the reference plane (Z-98).
4. The Z axis moves at the working feedrate (F350) to point Z-120 (full machining depth).
5. The spindle stops running (M05).
6. Dwell of 1.5 seconds.
7. Reversal of spindle rotation.
8. The Z axis withdraws 22 mm at the working feedrate to the reference plane (Z-98).
9. The spindle stops running.
10. Dwell of 1.5 seconds.
11. Reversal of spindle rotation.
12. The X and Y axes move 50 mm in rapid to point X100,Y100.
13. Operations 4 to 11 are repeated.
14. The X and Y axes move 50 mm in rapid to point X150 Y150.
15. Operations 4 to 11 are repeated.
16. The X and Y axes move in rapid to point X500,Y500.
17. Operations 4 to 11 are repeated.
18. The Z axis withdraws 98 mm in rapid to the starting plane (Z0).
19. The X and Y axes move in rapid to X0,Y0.
20. End of program (spindle stops running).
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 169
6.32.5.4. G84 R.
Rigid Tapping canned cycle
It is similar to the regular tapping canned cycle (G84) except that, in this case, the spindle is interpolated with the tapping axis.
Also, the regular tapping cycle (G84) requires a special tap holder (with a clutching system) while the rigid tapping cycle can be performed with any regular tap.
When programming a rigid tapping cycle (G84 R), the F value must be in mm/minute or inches /minute and the spindle speed in rpm.
(G84) TAPPING
P=Starting plane
R=Reference plane
G01 Feed
G00 Feed
K=Programmable
dwell
Example and operating method:
We would like to make two taps 90 mm deep with a pitch of 2 mm at positions X10 Y10 and X20 Y20 the reference plane being at Z-10mm.
N00 G17 S1000 M3 ; Main plane XY
N10 G84 R G98 G91 X10 Y10 I-100 K1 F1000 S500 N2 ; Rigid tapping canned cycle
N20 G80
N30 M30
; End of canned cycle
; End of program
Sequence of operation:
1.
The spindle is turning in open loop at 1000 rpm in the M3 direction.
2.
The spindle slows down to 500 rpm still in open loop. If this involves a range change, the CNC executes the corresponding M function.
If the spindle were no turning, the CNC would execute an M3.
The X and Y axes move to position X10 Y10 in G00 (rapid).
170 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
3.
G00 move of the Z axis to the reference plane Z-10. The spindle goes into closed loop.
If it is the first tap (that is, the spindle goes from open to closed loop) and if parameter
"P625(1)=1" for the start of the thread to be synchronized with the spindle marker pulse (Io), the CNC will home the spindle.
On the rest of the taps, as long as neither G80, M02, M03, M4 nor M30 functions are executed, the CNC will not reference (home) the spindle.
4.
Tap-in movement along the Z axis down to Z-110. The spindle is interpolated (G01) with the Z axis at F1000.
5.
Dwell at the bottom of the thread.
The CNC executes an M4 and the spindle starts turning in the opposite direction.
6.
Tap-out movement. The Z axis returns to the reference plane Z-10. The spindle is interpolated (G01) with the Z axis at F1000.
7.
The CNC executes an M03 and the spindle recovers its turning direction.
Rapid move (G00) to the starting plane (G98).
8.
The X and Y axes move in G00 up to the next tapping position X20 Y20.
9.
Same as point 3; but, without homing the spindle.
10.
Same as point 4.
11.
Same as point 5.
12.
Same as point 6.
13.
Same as point 7.
When executing function G80, the spindle goes into open loop turning at 500 rpm.
Also, the spindle goes into open loop whenever an M02, M03, M04 or M30 is executed or when a RESET is pressed or an error situation occurs.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 171
6.32.5.5. G85. Reaming canned cycle
Same as G81 except that the withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, from the full machining depth to the reference plane, is carried out at the working feedrate.
6.32.5.6. G86. Boring canned cycle with G00 withdrawal
Same as G81 except that after reaching the full machining depth the spindle stops running before the axis perpendicular to the main plane withdraws. On completion of the G00 withdrawal, the spindle starts running again in the same direction as before.
6.32.5.7. G89. Boring canned cycle with G01 withdrawal
Same as G82 except that after reaching the full machining depth the withdrawal to the reference plane is carried out at the working feedrate.
172 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
(G85) REAMING
P=Starting plane
R=Reference plane
G01 Feed
G00 Feed
K=Programmable
dwell
(G86) BORING WITH WITHDRAWAL IN G00
P=Starting plane
R=Reference plane
G01 Feed
G00 Feed
K=Programmable
dwell
(G89) BORING WITH WITHDRAWAL IN G01
P=Starting plane
R=Reference plane
G01 Feed
G00 Feed
K=Programmable
dwell
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 173
6.32.6. Deep hole drilling canned cycle definition. G83
This canned cycle may be programmed in two different ways:
Format a) N4 G83 G98/G99 (v+/-4.3)(W+/-4.3) X+/-4.3 Y+/- 4.3 Z+/-4.3 I+/-4.3
J2 N2
Format b) N4 G83 G98/G99 (W+/-4.3) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 Z+/- 4.3 I+/-4.3 B+/-4.3
C+/-4.3 D+/-4.3 H4.3 J2 K2.2 L4.3 R(0.000/500) N2
The meaning of the values of the format a) is as follows:
N4
G83
G98
:Block number (0/9999).
:Code of the deep drilling canned cycle.
:Withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, to the starting plane,after completing the machining.
G99 :Withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, to the reference plane, after completing the machining.
X+/-4.3
:These values have different meaning, depending on the main plane in which the cycle is being carried out.
Y+/-4.3
:
Z+/-4.3
:
*(W+/-4.3):
*(V+/-4.3) :
MAIN PLANE VALUE MEANING
X/Y
G17
X/Z
G18
Y/Z
G19
X/Y
G17
X/Z
G18
Y/Z
G19
X+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
X+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
X+/-4.3
They define the movement of the axes of the main plane necessary to position the tool in the center of the first machining. The values will be either absolute or incremental depending on the function on which we are operating (G90 or G91).
The movements will be carried out either in rapid or in F operation feedrate, depending on the function on which we are operating (G00 or G01).
That point can be also programmed in polar coordina tes.
It identifies the movement of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, from the starting plane up to the reference plane (approach).
This movement will be executed in rapid (G00). The values will be either absolute or incremental, depending on the function on which we are operating (G90 or G91).
This value must necessarily be programmed.
* If the 4th W axis or the 5th V axis are perpendicular to the main plane, it must be a linear axis. But if it is one of the axis of the main plane, it may also be a rotary axis.
174 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
I+/-4.3 :Identifies the value of each step of machining and it is always an incremental value.
J2 :Identifies the number of steps required to perform the machining. A value within
J00 and J99 is programmed.
N2 : Indicates the number of times the execution of a block is to be performed. A value between N0 and N99 can be programmed but, if the value is programmed with a parameter (N P3), it can have a value between 0 and 255. If the parameter
N is not programmed, the CNC assumesthe value N1.
Obviously, the programming of values of N higher than 1 makes sense if we are operating on G91, that means that the values of the movement of the axes are incremental, since otherwise, the machinings will be repeated at the same point.
When programming the same canned cycle a number of times, only the F,S and
M functions are executed in the cycle calling block.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 175
The operations and movements of the tool, in the cycle G83 programmed in format identified as a), are as follows:
Let us suppose that the axis of the tool is the Z axis.
1. If the spindle was previously running, it keeps on running in the same direction. If it was not running, it starts clockwise (M03).
2. Movement in rapid of Z axis from the starting plane to the reference one.
3. Movement at the working feedrate to the programmed incremental depth (I).
4. Withdrawal in rapid to the reference plane.
5. Movement in rapid of the Z axis to a point 1 mm higher than the previous incremental depth reached (I).
6. Movement at the working feedrate to 2I.
7. Withdrawal in rapid to the reference plane.
8. Operations 4),5),6) and 7) are repeated as many times as is programmed by J2. The maximum possible is 99 times, reaching the successive depths 3I, 4I ..., up to the total
JI.
9. Withdrawal in rapid of the Z axis to the reference plane, if G99 is programmed withdrawal in rapid of the Z axis to the starting plane, if G98 is programmed.
(G83) DEEP HOLE DRILLING
176
P=Starting plane
R=Reference plane
G01 Feed
G00 Feed
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
Drill two holes 64 mm deep.
Let us suppose:
. The main plane is the one formed by X and Y axes.
. The distance between the reference plane and the part’s surface is 2 mm.
. The starting point of the tool is X0,Y0,Z0 and the spindle rotation direction is c.c.w
(M04).
N0 G83 G99 G00 G90 X50 Y50 Z-98 I-22 J3 F100 S500 N1
N5 G98 G00 G91 X500 Y500 N1
N10 G00 G80 G90 X0 Y0
N15 M30
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 177
Sequence and explanation of operations
1. The X and Y axes move 50 mm in rapid to point X50, Y50.
2. The spindle keeps on rotating ccw (M04) and its speed from now on is 500 rev/min.
3. The Z axis moves in rapid to the reference plane (Z- 98).
4. The Z axis moves a further 22 mm at the working feedrate to the point Z-120.
5. The Z axis withdraws in rapid to the reference plane (Z-98).
6. The Z axis moves 21 mm in rapid to point (Z-119).
7. The Z axis moves 23 mm at the working feedrate to the point Z-142.
8. The Z axis withdraws in rapid to the reference plane (Z-98).
9. The Z axis moves 43 mm in rapid to point Z-141.
10. The Z axis moves 23 mm in rapid to point Z-164.
11. The Z axis moves in rapid to the reference plane (Z- 98).
12. The X and Y axes move 500 mm at the rapid feedrate (F100) to point X550, Y550.
13. Operations 4 to 10 are repeated.
14. The Z axis withdraws in rapid to the initial plane (Z0).
15. The X and Y axes move in rapid to point X0,Y0.
16. End of program (the spindle stops running).
178 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Starting plane
Reference plane
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 179
The deep hole drilling canned cycle G83 can also be programmed with the following format: b) N4 G83 G98/G99 (V+/-4.3) (W+/-4.3) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 B4.3 C4.3
D+/-4.3 H4.3 J2 K2.2 L4.3 R(0.000/500) N2.
The different parameters have the following meanings:
N4
G83
G98
: Block number (0/9999).
: Code of the deep drilling canned cycle.
: Withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, to the starting plane, after completing the machining.
G99 : Withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, to the reference plane, after completing the machining.
X+/-4.3
:These values have different meaning depending on the main plane in which
Y+/-4.3
:we are operating.
Z+/-4.3
:
*(W+/-4.3):
*(V+/-4.3):
MAIN PLANE VALUE
X/Y
G17
X+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
X/Z
G18
X+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Y/Z
G19
X/Y
G17
X/Z
G18
Y/Z
G19
Y+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
X+/-4.3
MEANING
They define the movement of the axes of the main planenecessary to position the tool in the center of the first machining. The values will be either absolute or incremental depending on the function on which we are operating (G90 or G91).
The movements will be carried out either in rapid or in F operation feedrate, depending on the function on which we are operating (G00 or G01).
That point can be also programmed in polar coordinates.
It identifies the movement of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, from the starting plane up to the reference plane (approach).
This movement will be executed in rapid (G00).The values will be either absolute or incremental, depending on the function on which we are operating (G90 or G91). This value must necessarily be programmed.
* If the 4th W axis or the 5th V axis are perpendicular to the main plane, it must be a linear axis. But if it is one of the axis of the main plane, it may also be a rotary axis.
180 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
I+/-4.3 : Identifies the full machining depth. If operating on G90, the values are absolute, in other words, they are related to the datum point of the axis perpendicular to the main plane. If operating on G91, the values are incremental, that means, they are related to the reference plane.
B4.3 : Incremental penetration. If identifies the value of each step of machining related to the axis perpendicular to the main plane. Only positive numbers are allowed.
C4.3 : It identifies how close to the previous penetration must the move in rapid G00 be performed for the next penetration. If this parameter either is not programmed, or is programmed with value zero, the CNC will consider it as value 1 mm. If a zero value is programmed, the CNC will issue error 44.
D+/-4.3:Identifies the distance between the referenceplane and the part’s surface, in other words, it is the value which is added or deducted, depending on the sign, to the incremental penetration B of the first penetration.
H4.3 : Distance that the axis perpendicular to the main plane withdraws after each penetration. If this parameter either is not programmed or is set to 0, the axis perpendicular to the main plane withdraws to the reference plane after each penetration. If zero is programmed, the CNC will issue error 44.
J2 : Value which identifies how often (in number of penetrations) the tool withdraws to the reference plane in G00. It is possible to program either a value within 00 and 99 or, if it is programmed with a parameter (J P2), the latter can have a value within 00 and 225. If this parameter either is not programmed or is set to 0, the
CNC will consider it as value 1, in other words, it will withdraw to the reference plane after each penetration.
K2.2 : Dwell in seconds after every penetration. It is possible either to program a time within 0.00 and 99.99 sec. or, if it is programmed with a parameter (K P3), within
0.00 and 655.35 sec.
L4.3 : Identifies the minimum value of the incremental penetration. If this parameter either is not programmed or is set to 0, the CNC will consider it as value 1 mm.
R(0.000/500): Factor which decreases or increases the value of incremental penetration B.
If R=1, all the penetrations B are equal. If R is different from 1, the first penetration will be B=B, the second B=RB, the third B=R(RB) and so on. If this parameter either is not programmed or is set to 0, the CNC will consider it as value
1.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 181
N2 : Identifies the number of times the block execution is required to be repeated. A value within N0 and N99 can be programmed, although, if it is programmed with a parameter (N P2), the latter can have a value within 0 and 255. If the parameter
N is not programmed, CNC assumes the value N1.
Obviously, the programming of values of Nhigher than 1 makes sense if operating on G91, in other words, the values of movement of the axes are incremental, since otherwise, the machinings will be repeated at the same point. When programming the same canned cycle a number of times, only the functions F,S and M will be executed in the cycle calling block.
182 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Movements of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, on the deep drilling cycle G83, programmed in format b).
Starting plane
Reference plane
Part surface
Working direction G01
Rapid Feed G00
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 183
Sequences and explanation of operation:
1. If the spindle was previously running, it keeps on rotating in the same direction. If it was not running, it start clockwise (M03).
2. Movement from the starting plane to the reference plane in rapid G00.
3. Movement at the working feedrate of a distance equal to B+D.
4. Dwell K in seconds, if it has been programmed.
5. Withdraws in G00 either a distance equal to H or to the reference plane according to the value given to J.
6. Movement in rapid to a distance C, before the previous penetration.
7. Movement at the working feedrate of a distance equal to B+C.
8. Dwell K in seconds if it has been programmed.
9. Operations 5 to 8 are repeated, until reaching the penetration I.
10. Depending on the function programmed G98 or G99, the tool withdraws either to the starting plane or the reference plane in rapid.
Atention:
If the value given to parameter R is equal to 1, all the incremental penetrations B are equal (B1=B2=B3=B4).
If the mentioned parameter is different from 1, the different penetrations will be: B1=B; B2=RB1; B3=RB2; B4=RB3.
In both cases, the last penetration will be determined by the CNC, according to the value of the total penetration I.
If we program for instance, B=12 L=9 R=0.9; the incremental penetrations B will be:
B1=12
B2=0.9X12=10.8
B3=0.9X10.8=9.72
B4=0.9X9.72=8.748
As B4 is smaller than the minimum penetration L, from B4 on, it included, every subsequent penetration will have a value equal to L, that means equal to 9.
184 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.32.7. Pocket milling canned cycle definition (G87,G88)
When operation on cartesian coordinates, the basic structure of the block in which a cycle is defined is:
N4 (G87 or G88) (G98 or G99) (W+/-4.3) (V+/-4.3) X+/- 4.3
Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 K4.3 (for G87 only)
B4.3 C4.3 D+/-4.3 H4 L4.3 N2
N4 : Block number (0-9999).
G(87 or 88) : Code of the canned cycle selected.
G98 : Withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane to the starting plane after completing the machining of the pocket.
G99 : Withdrawal of the axis perpendicular to the main plane to the reference
(approach) plane after completing the machining of the pocket.
X+/-4.3 :These values have different meaning depending on the plane in whic
Y+/-4.3 we are operating (main plane).
Y+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
*(W+/-4.3):
*(V+/-4.3) :
MAIN PLANE VALUE MEANING
X/Y
G17
X/Z
G18
Y/Z
G19
X/Y
G17
X/Z
G18
Y/Z
G19
X+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
X+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Z+/-4.3
Y+/-4.3
X+/-4.3
They define the movement of the axes of the main plane necessary to position the tool in the center of the first machining. The values will be either absolute or incremental depending on the function on which we are operating (G90 or G91).
The movements will be carried out either in rapid or in F operation feedrate, depending on the function on which we are operating (G00 or G01).
That point can be also programmed in polar coordinates.
It identifies the movement of the axis perpendicular to the main plane, from the starting plane upto the reference plane (approach).
This movement will be executed in rapid (G00).The values will be either absolute or incremental, depending on the function on which we are operating (G90 or G91). This value must necessarily be programmed.
* When machining a pocket, if the 4th W axis or the 5th V axis are perpendicular to the main plane, it must be a linear axis. But if it is one of the axis of the main plane, it may also be a rotary axis.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 185
I+/-4.3: Defines the machining depth. When operating on G90, the values are absolute; i.e. they are referred to the origin of the Z axis. When operating on G91, the values are incremental; i.e. they are referred to the reference (approach) plane.
J+/-4.3: In the case of G87 (rectangular pocket), this defines the distance from the center to the edge along the relevant axis.
. Along the X axis in the XY plane (G17)
. Along the X axis in the XZ plane (G18)
. Along the Y axis in the YZ plane (G19)
In the case of G88 (circular pocket), it defines the radius of the pocket. The direction of machining depends on whether it isgiven a positive or negative sign.
186 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
K4.3: Is only used in the case of caned cycle G87 and defines the distance from the center to the edge along the relevant axis. Only positive values may be programmed.
. Along the Y axis in the XY plane (G17)
. Along the Z axis in the XZ plane (G18)
. Along the Z axis in the YZ plane (G19)
B4.3: Defines the value of each machining step along the Z axis. Only positive values are allowed.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 187
C4.3: Defines the value of each machining step in the plane. Only positive values are allowed. If this parameter is not entered, the CNC assumes that the value of the step is 3/4 D of the active tool. If C=0 is programmed, the CNC will indicate error 44.
Movement in G01
Movement in G00
Movement in H
D+/-4.3: Defines the distance between the reference (approach) plane and the surface of the part.
Reference plane
188
Reference plane D is used to make the axis perpendicular to the main plane travel in rapid to the reference plane and then continue at the machining feedrate for a distance equal to D+B. The other steps of the Z axis will be equal in value to B. If a negative value is given to D, the first penetration will be smaller than
B, i.e. will be equal to (-D+B).
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
H4:
L4.3:
Defines the feedrate in the final machining (finishing) pass.
Defines the value of the finishing pass, referred to the main plane. Only positive values are allowed.
. If the sign is positive the finish run will be made in G7 (square edge).
. If the sign is negative, the finish run will be made in G5 (rounded edge).
Movement in G01
Movement in G00
Movement in H
Atention:
The CNC moves the machine in successive passes, according to B and C programmed values, except in the finishing pass when the values are set according to the pocket dimensions.
N2: Defines the number of times the execution of a block defined in the cycle is to be repeated. Any value between N1 and N99 may be programmed. Unless it is programmed using a parameter (N P3) in which case the limits are 0 and 255.
If the N parameter is not programmed, the CNC assumes the value N1. The programming of values of N greater than 1 obviously makes sense when operating on G91; i.e. when the values of the pocket’s center are incremental, since otherwise the machining operations will be repeated at the same point.
A more detailed explanation of G87 and G88 canned cycles is given next, supposing that the main plane is the one formed by X and Y axes and the tool’s axis is Z.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 189
6.32.8. G87. Rectangular pocket milling canned cycle
The operations and movements of the tool are as follows:
- If the spindle was previously running, it continues to rotate in the same direction. If it was not running it starts clockwise (M03).
- Rapid movement of the Z axis from the starting plane to the reference (approach) plane.
- Movement a 50% of the working feedrate (F) of the Z axis for a distance equal to (D+B).
D: Distance between the reference plane and the surface of the part.
B: Depth value of each machining pass.
- Milling at working feedrate (F) of the pocket surface by steps defined by C, to a distance
L (finishing pass), of the pocket wall.
- Milling at the working feedrate H, of the finishing pass.
- After completing the finishing pass, the tool withdraws in rapid move to the pocket center, positioning the Z axis 1 mm higher. In this way, the first penetration is finished.
- Movement at 50% of the working feedrate (F) of the Z axis for a distance equal to B+1.
- Milling at working feedrate (F) of the pocket surface (second penetration).
- The above steps are repeated until the full depth of the pocket is reached.
- Once the pocket is completed, the tool withdraws in rapid (Z axis) to the reference plane
(if G99 has been programmed) or to the starting plane (if G98 has been programmed).
Atention:
To enable a good finish to be achieved in the machining of pockets the
CNC performs a tangential approach and tangential exit in the last pass of each of thepenetrations. For this purpose, the tool has to withdraw to the center of the pocket before beginning the milling of the wall. To avoid problems and possible machining malfunctions, it is mandatory to program the tool code (T2.2) and to enter in the tool table the value of the radius of the tool that is to be used. If the radius value entered in the tool table is RO, the final wall pass is performed like all the others; i.e. with neither tangential entry nor tangential exit. The value or R must never
be negative. If T2.2 is not programmed, the CNC takes as tool radius the value of R of the last corrector.
190 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Movement of the axis perpendicular to the main plane in G87 canned cycle (e.g. Z axis).
Starting plane
Reference plane
Movements in G00
Movements in G01 to F/2
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 191
Example:
Machining of a rectangular pocket of 105x75 mm surface and 40 mm depth.
Let us suppose that:
. The distance between the reference plane and the surface of the part is 2 mm.
. The starting point is X0,Y0,Z0 and the spindle is not running.
. The tool has 7,5 mm radius and it is number 1 (T1.1).
N0 G87 G98 G00 G90 X90 Y60 Z-48 I-90 J52.5 K37.5 B12 C10 D2 H100 L5 F300 S1000
T1.1 M03
N5 G80 X0 Y0
N10 M30
First block N0
G87 : Defines the rectangular pocket canned cycle.
G98 : Defines the withdrawal of the tool (Z axis) to the starting plane, after completing the machining of the pocket.
G00 : Defines the movement of the axes XY as being rapid.
G90 : Defines the X,Y,Z,I dimensions as absolute coordinate values.
X,Y : Movement of those axes to the center of the pocket.
Z : Movement of the tool (Z axis) from the starting plane to the reference plane (always in rapid).
I : Movement to the bottom of the pocket (absolute coordinate referred to Z0).
J : Defines the value of 1/2 the pocket’s length; i.e. the distance between the center and the wall, following X axis. The direction of the milling will depend on the sign
(positive or negative) programmed.
192 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
K : Defines the value of 1/2 the pocket’s width; i.e. the distance between the center and the wall, following Y axis (always positive).
B : Defines the penetration of each milling step (always positive).
C : Defines the value of each machining step in the XY plane. Only positive values are allowed. If C either is not programmed, or is set to 0 , the CNC assumes that the value of the step is 3/4 D of the active tool.
D : Defines the distance between the reference (approach) plane and the surface of the part. The depth of the first machining step is : (D+B).
H : Defines the feedrate in the final machining (finishing pass).
L : Value of the final machining (finishing pass).
F : Defines the machining feedrate.
S : Revolutions per minute of the spindle.
T : Tool number.
M03 : Clockwise spindle rotation.
Second block (N5)
G80 X0 Y0 : Cancellation of canned cycle and return in rapid feedrate to the starting point.
Third block (N10)
M30 : End of program.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 193
194
FEED
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Sequence and explanation of operations
1) The X and Y axes move in rapid from point X0,Y0,Z0 to point X90 Y60 Z0.
2) The spindle will start running clockwise at 1000 rev/min.
3) The Z axis will move in rapid 48 mm to the reference plane Z-48.
4) The Z axis moves a further 14 mm (D+B) at F/2 (half the programmed F value) to Z-
62.
5) The X and Y axes move until completing the pocket’s final dimensions, as it is shown in the drawing, at the working feedrate F, except in the last pass (machining of the pocket wall), which is carried out at the finishing feedrate H, and with a tangential entry and tangential exit. The mentioned for the finishing pass, is always carried out even when the finishing pass L has not been programmed.
6) The tool will withdraw in rapid feedrate to the pocket center and position the Z axis at a point 1 mm higher (X90 Y60 Z-61).
7) The Z axis will move 13 mm (B+1), at F/2 (half the working feedrate F) to Z-74.
8) Operations 5 and 6 are repeated.
9) The Z axis will move 13 mm at F/2 feedrate, to Z-86.
10) Operations 5 and 6 are repeated.
11) The Z axis will move 5 mm at F/2 feedrate to Z-90.
12) Operations 5 and 6 are repeated.
13) The Z axis will withdraw in rapid feedrate 89 mm to Z0.
14) The X and Y axes will withdraw in rapid feedrate to X0 Y0.
15) End of program.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 195
The possibility of performing pockets whose sides are not parallel to the coordinate axes, by applying the function G73 (Coordinates system rotation) must be emphasized.
This service enables a rapid pocket programming in any point of any plane.
Example: The initial point is X0,Y0,Z0 and the pocket is performed in (X Z) plane.
N5 G18
N10 G87 G98 G00 G90 X200 Y-48 Z0 I-90 J52.5 K37.5 B12 C10 D2 H100 L5 F300
N20 G73 A45 N30 G25 N10.20.7
N40 M30
196 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.32.9. G88. Circular pocket milling canned cycle
The operations and movements of the tool are as follows:
- If the spindle was previously running, it continues to rotate in the same direction. If it was not running, it starts clockwise (M03).
- Rapid movement of the Z axis from the starting plane to the reference (approach) plane.
As mentioned earlier,reference plane means a plane which must be situated close to the surface of the part to be machined.
- Movement at 50% of the working feedrate (F) of the Z axis for a distance equal to (D+B).
D: Distance between the reference plane and the surface of the part.
B: Deep value of each machining pass.
- Milling at working feedrate (F) of the surface of the pocket by steps defined by C, to a distance L (finishing pass), of the pocket wall.
- Milling at the working feedrate H, of the final machining finishing pass.
- After completing the finishing pass, the tool withdraws in G00 to the pocket center, positioning the Z axis at a point 1 mm higher, in this way the first penetration finishes.
- Movement at 50% of the working feedrate (F) of the Z axis for a distance equal to B+1.
- Milling at working feedrate (F) of the surface of the pocket (second penetration).
- The above steps are repeated until the full depth of the pocket is reached.
- Once the pocket is completed, the tool withdraws in rapid (Z axis) to the reference plane
(if G99 has been programmed) or to the starting plane (if G98 has been programmed).
Atention:
To enable a good finish to be achieved in the machining of pockets the
CNC performs a tangential approach and tangential exit in the last pass of each of the penetrations. For this purpose, the tool has to withdraw to the center of the pocket before beginning the milling of the wall. To avoid problems and possible machining malfunctions, it is mandatory to program the tool code (T2.2) and to enter in the tool table the value of the radius of the tool that is to be used. If the radius value entered in the tool table is R0, the final wall pass is performed like all the others; i.e. with neithertangential entry nor tangential exit. The value or R must never be
negative. If T2.2 is not programmed, the CNC takes as tool radius the value of R of the last corrector used.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 197
Movements in G00
Movements in G01 to F/2
Starting plane Z0
Reference plane
198
Movement from the center of the tool in G00
Movement from the center of the tool in G01
Wall of pocket
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
Machining of a circular pocket of radius 70 mm and depth 40 mm.
Let us suppose that:
. The distance between the reference plane and the part’s surface is 2 mm.
. The tool starting point is X0 Y0 Z0 and the spindle is not running.
. The tool has 7.5 mm radius and it is number 1 (T.1).
N0 G88 G98 G00 G90 X90 Y80 Z-48 I-90 J70 B12 C10 D2 H100 L5 F300 S1000 T.1
M3
N5 G80 X0 Y0
N10 M30
Block N0
G88 : Identifies the circular pocket cycle.
G98 : Identifies the withdrawal of the tool (Z axis) to the starting plane after completing the pocket machining.
G00 : Identifies the X and Y axes movement as being in rapid move.
G90 : Identifies the X,Y,Z and I dimensions as being absolute coordinate values.
X,Y : Movement of the mentioned axes to the center of the pocket.
Z : Movement of the tool (Z axis), from the starting plane to the reference one (always in rapid move).
I : Movement to the pocket bottom (Absolute coordinate value referred to Z0).
J : Identifies the pocket radius. The milling direction will depend on the sign (positive or negative) programmed.
B : Depth of each milling pass ( always positive).
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 199
C : Identifies the value of each pass in the plane (X,Y) always positive. If the value of
C is either not programm or set to 0, the CNC takes 3/4 D of the tool.
D : Distance between the reference plane and the part’s surface. The depth of the first machining step is D+B.
H : Identifies the feedrate speed in the final machining (finishing pass).
L : Value of the final machining.
S : Revolutions per minute of the S spindle rotation.
T : Tool number (code).
M03 : Clockwise spindle rotation.
Block N5
G80 X0 Y0 : Cancellation of the canned cycle and return in the rapid move to the starting point.
Block N10
M30 : End of program.
200 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Starting plane
Ref. plane
Feed
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 201
Sequence and explanation of operations
1) The X and Y axes will move in rapid from point X0 Y0 Z0 to point X90 Y80 Z0.
2) The spindle will start clockwise at 1000 rpm.
3) The Z axis will move 48 mm in rapid to the reference plane (Z-48).
4) The Z axis will move a further 14 mm (D+B) at F/2 (half the working feedrate F) to
Z-62.
5) The X and Y axes will move until completing the pocket final dimensions, as it is shown in the drawing, at the feedrate F, except in the final pass (machining of the pocket wall), that will be performed at the feedrate H and with a tangential exit. The mentioned for the final pass is always performed, even if the finishing pass L has not been programmed.
6) The tool will withdraws in rapid feedrate to the pocket center and position the Z axis at a point 1 mm higher (X90 Y60 Z-61).
7) The Z axis will move 13 mm (B+1) at feedrate F/2, up to Z-74.
8) Operations 5 and 6 are repeated.
9) The Z axis will move 13 mm at feedrate F/2 up to Z- 86.
10) Operations 5 and 6 are repeated.
11) The Z axis will move 5 mm at feedrate F/2 up to Z- 90.
12) Operations 5 and 6 are repeated.
13) The Z axis will withdraws 89 mm in rapid, up to Z0.
14) The X and Y axes will withdraw in rapid up to X0 Y0.
15) End of program.
202 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.33. G90 G91. ABSOLUTE AND INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING
The programming of the coordinates of a point, may be carried out, either in absolute coordinates G90 or in incremental coordinates G91.
When operating on G90, the coordinates of a point programmed, are referred to the point of the coordinate origin.
When operating on G91, the coordinates of the point programmed, are referred to the path’s previous point; i.e. the programmed values identify the distance to go along the relevant axis.
When turning on and after executing M02,M30, EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC assumes the function G90.
The functions G90 and G91 are incompatible with each other when being in the same block.
Let us suppose that the starting point is P0(20,10).
Absolute programming G90
N20 G90 X50 Y40 P0 —> P1
N30 Y10 P1 —> P2
N40 X20 P2 —> P0
Incremental programming G91
N20 G91 X30 Y30 P0 —> P1
N30 Y-30 P1 —> P2
N40 X-30 P2 —> P0
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 203
6.34. G92. COORDINATE PRESET
Function G92 can be used to preset any value on the axes of the CNC, which involves being able to shift the coordinate origin.
Block format: N4 G92 V+/-4.3 W+/-4.3 X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3.
When function G92 is programmed, there is no movement of the axes, and the CNC accepts the values of the axes programmed after G92 as the new coordinate values of those axes.
Example:
Let us suppose that the tool is at the coordinate origin (X0,Y0).
The program for describing the path drawn will be:
N10 G00 G90 X100 Y100
N20 X400
If we use G92, the following will occur:
N10 G92 X500 Y500
The coordinate origin (X0,Y0) is now point X500,Y500.
N20 G00 G90 X600 Y600
N30 X900
No other function can be programmed in the block in which G92 is programmed.
Coordinate values preselection by G92 is referred always to the theoretical position in which the axes are.
204 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.35. G93. PRESELECTION OF POLAR ORIGIN
Function G93 can be used to preselect any point in a plane (XY,XZ,YZ) as the origin of polar coordinates.
There are two ways of preselecting an origin of polar coordinates: a) G93 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 (always absolute coordinate values).
or, G93 I+/-3.4 J+/-3.4
I+/-4.3: Indicates the value of the abscissa of the polar coordinate origin; i.e. the value
I+/-3.4: of X in the XY plane, the value of X in the XZ plane and the Y in the YZ plane.
J+/-4.3:Indicates the value of the ordinate of the polar coordinate origin; i.e. the value
J+/-3.4:of Y in the XY plane, the value of Z in the XZ plane and the value of Z in the
YZ plane.
In four-axis machines, if the fourth axis (W) is linear and is a part of the main plane, the values of I,J will define the value either of the fourth axis or of its associated one.
This will also happen with the 5th axisV in five axis machines. No more information can be programmed in this block.
b) The programming of G93 in a block determines that, prior to the movement programmed, the actual position of the tool becomes the polar origin.
Atention:
When a circular (helical) interpolation is programmed with G02 or G03, the CNC takes the arc’s center as the new polar origin.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 205
Examples:
1) Let us suppose that the tool is situated at the cartesian coordinate origin.
N0 G93 I200 J0
N5 G01 R150 A90 F500
P o l a r origin
In block N0, the point X200 Y0 has been defined as polar origin.
In block N5 a linear interpolation (G01) up to point R150 A90 (X200 Y150) has been programmed.
206 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
2) Let us again suppose that the tool is at X0 Y0.
N0 G93 G01 R200 A135 F500
N5 R100 A90
Polar origin
On reading block N0, the CNC takes the point where the tool is located at that moment
(X0,Y0) as the polar origin in order to continue by executing a linear interpolation movement (G01) to the point defined by R200 A135.
N5 then defines another linear interpolation movement to R100 A90.
Atention:
When turned on or after M02,M30, EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC takes the point (X0,Y0) as the polar origin.
When changing of main plane, it takes the cartesian coordinate origin of that plane as the polar origin.
When changing to G18 it takes X0 Z0.
When changing to G19 it takes Y0 Z0.
When changing to G17 it takes X0 Y0.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 207
6.36. G94. FEEDRATE F IN mm/min. (inches/min.)
When the code G94 is programmed the CNC assumes that the values entered by F are in mm/min.(0.1 inches/min) or 0.1mm/min (0.01 inch/min) depending on the value of machine parameter P611(5).
G94 is modal, i.e. it remains active until G95, is programmed when turning on or after
M02,M30, EMERGENCY or RESET the CNC assumes G94.
6.37. G95. FEEDRATE F IN mm/rev. (inches/rev.)
When the code G95 is programmed the CNC assumes that the values entered by F3.4 are in mm/rev. the maximum value in mm is F500 (500mm/rev). In inches the format is F2.4
(F1=1inch/rev) and the maximum value is 19.6850 inch/rev. G95 is modal, i.e. it remains active until G94,M02 or M30 are programmed. This feature requires an encoder on the spindle.
Atention:
The meaning of F (feed programming) differs, according to whether we are working in G94 or G95, from the value of machine parameter P611
(5) when we are working in G94 and from the system used in programming either in mm or inches. All this will be dealt with later in the section
FEED PROGRAMMING.
208 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
6.38. G96. CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED
When G96 is programmed, the CNC assumes that values F refer to the feed at the tool’s cutting edge. The feed at the center of the tool will vary when machining around corners so that the feed at the cutting edge remains constant.
This feature enables a better finishing of the part especially on inside corners. G96 is modal and is cancelled by G97,M02 or M30.
When operating in G96 the tool center’s speed will varyaround corners, so that the cutting edge’s speed remains constant.
6.39. G97. CONSTANT TOOL CENTER SPEED
When G97 is programmed the values F4 and F3.4 are assumed as being the feed at the tool’s center. The feed at the cutting edge will vary when machining around corners so that the feed at the center of the tool remains constant.
Function G97 is modal and incompatible with G96. The CNC assumes G97 when turning
ON and after M02,M30, EMERGENCY or RESET.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 209
7.
COORDINATE PROGRAMMING
A point can be programmed in the CNC by using:
. Cartesian coordinates
. Polar coordinates
. Cylindrical coordinates
. Two angles
. One angle and one cartesian value
7.1. CARTESIAN COORDINATES
7.1.1. Axis coordinates
The format of the axis coordinate values is as follows:
. In mm (V+/-4.3) (W+/-4.3), X+/-4.3, Y+/-4.3, Z+/- 4.3
. In inches (V+/-4.3) (W+/-3.4), X+/-3.4, Y+/-3.4, Z+/- 3.4
In other words, the axis coordinate values are programmed by the letters (V), (W), X,Y,Z followed by the coordinate value.
The V, W axes and the axis associated to both cannot be programmed in the same block.
The coordinate values programmed will be absolute or incremental depending on whether
G90 or G91 is programmed.
There is no need to write the + sign in the case of positive coordinate values. The leading and trailing zeros of coordinate values may be omitted.
210 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
Absolute coordinate values
N10 G90 G01 X150.5 Y200
N20 X300
N30 X0 Y0
Incremental coordinate values
N10 G91 G01 X150.5 Y200
N20 X149.5
N30 X-300 Y-200
If the 4th axis (W) or the 5th axis (V) are rotary, the format will be:
W +/-4.3
V +/-4.3
and will be programmed in degrees.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 211
7.1.2. Center coordinates.
When working in circular interpolation the coordinates of center I,J must be programmed.
The values of I and J represent the distance from the starting point of the arc to the center of the circumference, according to axes X, Y.
The values of I,J are programmed with their sign. It is always necessary to program them, even though their value is zero.
212 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
7.1.3. Rotary axis
By means of machine parameters it is possible to determine whether the 4th axis W or the
5th axis V or both, are Rotary or Linear.
Likewise, should they be a Rotary axis it is possible to define if HIRTH toothing is available or not (only integer programming values are allowed), as well as whether the 4th
axis W is a Rollover Axis or not (programming between ± 360 degrees).
Type
ROTARY
ROLLOVER
HIRTH
4th axis W
P 600(1) = 1
P 606(1) = 1
P 600(2) = 1
5th axis V
P 616(1) = 1
Always
P 616(2) = 1
4th axis W
If the 4th axis (W) is rotary P600(1)=1 and parameter P606(1) is set to 0 a max. value of
+/-8388.607 degrees can be programmed both in absolute coordinates G90 and relative coordinates G91. Lower limits can be set by P407 and P408.
Programming is identical to linear axes.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 213
If P606(1)=1, rotary axis ROLLOVER, the counting will be reset to zero every time it rotates over 360 degrees.
When operating in G90 the sign identifies the direction of the rotation i.e. if the same value is programmed with different signs, the axis will rotate to the same point in both cases but following opposite directions.
S t a r t i n g point W0
Working in G90 the sign will be disregarded if P606(1)=1(ROLLOVER) and P600(2)=1
(Hirth toothing) and the CNC will rotate the axis to position by the shortest turn. This will also happen even when it is not a HIRTH rotary axis, as long as a value of 1 is assigned to machine parameter P619(8).
5th axis V
Similar to the indications for the 4th axis W, except that if it is ROTARY [P616(1) = 1] this implies that the axis is ROLLOVER.
If P620(6) = 1 the V axis will travel along the shortest path even though it is not HIRTH.
214 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
7.2. POLAR COORDINATES
Only movements in a plane (2 axes simultaneously) can be carried out when operating with polar coordinates.
If 3D movements (in the space) are desired, they must be programmed in cartesian or cylindrical coordinates.
The format to identify a particular point of the plane with polar coordinates is:
In mm R+/-4.3 A+/-3.3
In inches R+/-3.4 A+/-3.3
R being the radius value and A the value of the angle (A in degrees), referred to the polar center.
When turning on and after M02,M30 ,EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC takes the point X0,Y0 as polar origin.
Every time there is a change of main plane during a program execution, the polar origin assumes the point of the coordinate origin of that plane.
When G18 Is programmed, the polar origin assumes the point X0 Z0.
When G19 is programmed, the polar origin assumes the point Y0 Z0.
When a circular interpolation is programmed with G02,G03 the CNC takes the arc’s center as the new polar origin.
With the function G93, any point of the plane can be preset as polar origin.
The values of R and A will be absolute or incrementaldepending on whether G90 or G91 are active.
When a circular interpolation (G02,G03) is programmed the values of the angle A+/-3.3
and the values of the center referred to the arc’s starting point must be entered.
Atention:
There is no need to write the I,J,K coordinates of the center referred to the starting point, if the arc’s center is the polar origin point. Only the angle must be programmed.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 215
DIRECTION AND SIGN OF THE ANGLES
XY Plane
XZ Plane
216 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
XZ Plane
XZ PLANE with machine parameter P605(4)=0
YZ Plane
After the definition of the center of the circle (I,J) or the polar origin (G93 I,J) the angles counter-clockwise will be considered positive and the angles clockwise negative, except in the
XZ plane when P605(4)=1
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 217
XZ PLANE with machine parameter P605(4)=0
Example:
The tool starts at point X0 Y0
N0 G93 I20 Y20 F150
N5 G01 G90 R5 A180 F150
N10 G02 A75 N15 G01 G91 R5
N20 G02 A-15
N25 G01 R10
N30 G03 A15
N35 G01 R10
N40 G02 A-50
N45 G01 R-10
N50 G03 A15
N55 G01 R-10
N60 G02 A-15
N65 G01 R-5
N70 G02 G90 A180
N75 G01 X0 Y0
218 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
7.3. CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES
A point in the space can be defined by:
X Y Z cartesian coordinate values or in cylindrical coordinates.
The format to define cylindrical coordinates of a point is as follows:
Operating in G17 (plane XY): N10 G01 R.. A.. Z.
Where R,A define the projection of the point on the main plane in polar coordinates and
Z is the value of the coordinate Z at that point.
The format for G18 (plane XZ) is: N10 G01 R... A...Y
and for G19 (plane YZ) is: N10 G01 R...A...X
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 219
7.4. TWO ANGLES (A1,A2)
One point on the main plane whose coordinate values are not known can be identified by means of two angles if the coordinate values of the previous and next points along the path are known by using: A1, A2 XY (YZ) (XZ).
Where A1 is the angle of the exit path from the starting point (P0). A2 is the angle of the exit path from the intermediate point (P1). XY (YZ) (XZ) are the coordinates of the final point P2 according to the working plane.
The CNC calculates automatically the coordinates of P1.
Example:
Starting point is X0 Y0
N10 X20 Y10 (Coordinates of P0)
N20 A45 A30 (Exit angle of P0 and P1)
N30 X70 Y50 (Coordinates of P2)
220 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
7.5. ANGLE AND ONE CARTESIAN COORDINATE
A point on the main plane can also be defined by the exit angle of the path in the previous point and one cartesian coordinate of the point which is to be defined.
Starting point P0 (X10 Y20)
N10 A45 X30
N20 A90 Y60
; (Point P1)
; (Point P2)
N30 A-45 X50 ; (Point P3)
N40 A-135 Y20 ; (Point P4)
N50 A180 X10 ; (Point P0)
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 221
When defining the points of a path, with two angles or one angle and one coordinate, roundings, tangential approaches and exists can be inserted.
Compensated path
Programmed path
Starting point X0 Y0 and tool’s radius T1=5 mm.
N100 T1.1
N110 G37 R10 G41 X20 Y20
N120 G39 R5 A90 A0
N130 X50 Y60
N140 G36 R7 A-45 X70
N150 G39 R10 A45 A-90
N160 G36 R10 X100 Y20
N170 G38 R10 X20
N180 G40 X0 Y0 N190 M30
222 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
8.
F. FEEDRATE PROGRAMMING
The axis feedrate is programmed with the letter "F" and its value depends on the currently selected work units, millimeters or inches, and type of feedrate, G94 or
G95.
Metric programming:
G94
G95
Format
F 5.4
F3.4
Programming units
F1= 1mm/min
F1= 1mm/rev.
Minimum value Maximum value
F0.0001
(0.0001 mm/min)
F0.0001
(0.0001 mm/rev.)
F65535.000
(63535 mm/min)
F500.000
(500 mm/rev.)
When operating in inches, we recommend setting machine parameter P615(6) to
"1" so the programming units in G94 are in inches/minute.
P615(6) = 0 Programming format F1 = 0.1 inch/min.
Maintaining compatibility with older versions which did not accept decimal feedrate values.
P615(6) = 1 Programming format F1 = 1 inch/min.
G94
G95
P615(6) Format
P615(6)=0
P615(6)=1
------
F 5.4
F 5.4
F2.4
Programming units
Minimum value Maximum value
F1= 0.1inch/min
F1= 1 inch/min
F1= 1 inch/rev.
F0.001
(0.0001 inch/min)
F25801.1810
(2580.1181 inch/min)
F0.0001
(0.0001 inch/min)
F25801.1810
(25801.1810 inch/min)
F0.0001
(0.0001inch/rev.)
F19.6849
(19.6849 inch/rev.)
By the same token, when operating in inches and with rotary axes, we recommend setting machine parameter P615(7) to "1" so the programming units in G94 are in degrees/minute.
P615(6)=1 Programming units: Inches/min
P615(7)
P615(7)=0
Only rotary axis
Rotary axis interpolated with a linear axis
F1= 2.54°/min F1= 1 inch/min
G94
P615(7)=1 F1= 1°/min F1= 1 inch/min
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 223
The machine’s actual maximum feedrate may be limited to a lower value (see instruction book of the machine).
The machine’s maximum working feedrate can be programmed directly or by using code
F0.
Example :
On a machine with a maximum programmable working feedrate of 10,000 mm/min. it makes no difference whether F10.000 or F0 is programmed.
The programmed feedrate F is effective when operating on linear interpolation (G01) or circular interpolation (G02/G03). When operating on positioning (G00), the machine will move in rapid regardless of the F programmed.
The rapid speed is set for each axis during the final adjustment of the machine, the maximum possible value being 65.535 m/min. (See instruction book of the machine).
The programmed feedrate can be varied between 0% and 120% or between 0% and 100% according to P606(2) by means of the knob on the front panel of the CNC. When carrying out the tapping canned cycle G84 or when G33, G47 are activated or during probing movements (G75), this knob is cancelled and operation is at 100% of the programmed F.
224 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
9.
(S) SPINDLE SPEED AND SPINDLE ORIENTATION
Code S can have three different meanings: a) Spindle speed.
The spindle speed is programmed directly in rev/min. by means of code S4.
Any value may be programmed between S0 and S9999; i.e. between 0 and 9999 rev/ min. This value is limited by the max. speed permitted by the machine; this limit is set by a machine parameter.
The instruction book of the machine must be consulted in each particular case. The controls on the front panel of the CNC may be used to achieve between
50 and 120% variation in programmed spindle speed.
These controls do not operate when carrying out the tapping canned cycle G84 or when function G33 is activated the speed being fixed at 100% of the programmed value.
b) Spindle orientation
If S4.3 is programmed after M19, it identifies the spindle’s stopping point in degrees, referred to the encoder zero marker. The spindle will rotate according to parameters
P601(7) and P700 until the point identified by S4.3 is reached.
The spindle must have an encoder in order to use this function.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 225
c) Analogue output S proportional to F.
The CNC permits a special function applicable for example for controlling the
BEAM in LASER machines, for which a value of 1 should be introduced into the machine parameter P619(3).
The function consists of sending an order proportional to the real speed of the machine axes through the analogue S output.
In this case, the format of the programme will be:
N4 G1 X ___ Y ___ F ___ S(minimum). (maximum) M3(M4)
Example:
N1234 G1 X100 Y80 F2000 S500.5000 M3
226
When there is no movement or when it is in G00, the CNC sends the minimum S, when the movement is the programmed F, it sends the maximum S and between these the CNC will send an S command proportional to the speed of the Real Feed.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
10. (T) TOOL PROGRAMMING
The CNC has a table of 100 tools (00-99) for tool radius and length compensation.
The tool to be used is programmed by means of codes T2./T.2/T2.2
- Tool number.The two digits of code T2. or the two digits to the left of the decimal point of code T2.2 may have any value between 00 and 99. This value is used for selecting the required tool in the case of a machine with automatic tool changer, and may be limited to a value lower than 99 according to parameter P701.
- Tool compensation (table). The two digits to the right of the decimal point in codes T.2
and T2.2 may have any value between 00 and 99.
When G41 or G42 is programmed, the CNC applies the addition of R and I stored at the programmed T address (00-99) as radius compensation value.
If G43 is programmed, the CNC applies the addition of L and K stored, at the programmed T address (00-99) as length compensation value.
If no T has been programmed, the CNC applies the address 00.00.
The maximum compensation values are:
R and L +/-1000.000 mm (+/-39.3699 inches)
I and K +/-32.766 mm (+/-1.2900 inches)
The tool’s radius and length values are recorded in operation mode 8, TOOL TABLE.
The values of I,K can also be checked and modified without stopping the execution of a cycle (see Operation Manual).
The values can be loaded as well by program, using code G50.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 227
10.1. HOW TO USE CODES T2.2/T2/T.2
10.1.1. Machines without automatic tool changer
In the case of machines with manual tool change, the two digits of code T2. or the two digits to the left of the decimal point of code T2.2 (00-98) have no significance and any value between 0 and the value given to parameter P701 may be programmed. It is recommended to assign the max. possible value (99) to this parameter.
The two digits to the right of the decimal point of codes T.2 or T2.2 (00-99) are used for selecting the required compensation value.
As soon as the CNC reads a code T.2 or T2.2, it applies the new compensation values.
The CNC assumes that the machine does not have automatic tool changer if parameters
P601(1) and P601(5) are set to 0.
228 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
10.1.2. Machines with automatic tool changer
The two digits of the code T2. or the two digits to the left of the decimal point of code T2.2
(00-98) are used for selecting the required tool.
When the CNC reads a T value (00-98) which is different from that previously programmed, it sends it to the interface, in BCD code. If the T value is the same as that programmed, it is ignored. If two different tools are programmed in succession without code M06 between them, the CNC will show error code 53, unless the second tool programmed is the one engaged in the spindle. In this case, the CNC will apply the new values.
Error code 53 will also be generated if two M06 are programmed without a T code between them, unless P139 is set to 0. To resume the operation:
- Select JOG mode
- Key-in the number of the tool located in the spindle T2.
- Key-in P00
- Press ENTER
This way the tool located in the spindle has been confirmed to the CNC.
The two digits to the right of the decimal point are used for selecting the required compensation value in the tool table.
If the figure to the left of the decimal point (external selection of tool) is the same as the last figure programmed, as soon as the CNC reads code T2.2, it applies the compensation values corresponding to the new code (00-99). If it is only desired to change the compensation value without changing the working tool, the same external tool number as that programmed previously to the left of the decimal point plus the new compensation value to the right must be programmed. Only T.2 can also be programmed. This way there is no external output of any code but the CNC assumes the newcompensation value for the previous tool.
If T2.2 is programmed and the external tool selection code (figure to the left of the decimal point) is different from that previously programmed, the CNC does not assume the new compensation values until the actual tool change takes place; i.e. until M06 is executed.
To set the RANDOM tool magazine in initial conditions, the following has to be done in
TEACH-IN mode:
- T99.xx
- START CYCLE
This way, tool 1 is in position 1, tool 2 in position 2, etc. Even if the CNC is turned off, when being turned on again it remembers the actual position of the tools in the magazine.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 229
11. (M) MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
The miscellaneous functions are programmed by means of code M.
The miscellaneous functions are output in BCD code (M00/M99) or in binary code (M00/
M254) depending on the value assigned to the machine parameter P617(8).
Miscellaneous functions M41, M42, M43, M44 implicit with S cannot be programmed.
The CNC also has 15 decoded outputs for miscellaneous functions.
These outputs will be assigned to the required functions during the final adjustment of the
CNC to the machine.
The miscellaneous functions that are not assigned a decoded output are always performed at the beginning of the block in which they are programmed.
In assigning a decoded output to any miscellaneous functions, a decision is also made as to whether it is to be performed at the beginning or at the end of the block in which it is programmed.
Up to a maximum of seven miscellaneous functions may be programmed in one block.
When more than one miscellaneous function is programmed in a block, the CNC performs them consecutively in the order in which they are programmed.
Some of the miscellaneous functions have an internal meaning assigned to them in the
CNC.
11.1. M00. PROGRAM STOP
When the CNC reads code M00 in a block, it halts the program. The CYCLE START key must be pressed for it to resume.
It is recommended that this function be set in the table of decoded M functions so that it is performed at the end of the block in which it is programmed (see Installation and Startup Manual).
230 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
11.2. M01. CONDITIONAL STOP OF PROGRAM
Same as M00 except that the CNC only takes it into account if the “Optional stop” input is activated.
11.3. M02. END OF PROGRAM
This code indicates end of program and performs a general reset function of the CNC
(reversion to initial state). It also acts as an M05. As in the case of M00, it is recommended that this function be set so that it is executed at the end of the block in which it is programmed.
11.4. M30. END OF PROGRAM WITH RETURN TO BEGINNING
Same as M02 except that the CNC goes back to the first block at the beginning of the program. It also acts as an M05. If parameter P609(3)=0, when a CNC RESET is carried out, the CNC will send out code M30.
11.5. M03. CLOCKWISE START OF THE SPINDLE
This code means that the spindle starts running clockwise. As explained in the corresponding section, the CNC executes this code automatically in the machining canned cycles.
It is recommended that this function be set so that it is executed at the beginning of the block in which it is programmed.
11.6. M04. COUNTER CLOCKWISE START OF THE SPINDLE
Same as M03 except that the spindle rotates in the opposite direction.
11.7. M05. SPINDLE STOP
It is recommended that this be set so that the CNC executes it at the end of the block in which it is programmed.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 231
11.8. M06. TOOL CHANGE CODE a) MACHINE WITHOUT AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER
- If P601(1) and P601(5) are set to zero(MACHINE WITHOUT AUTOMATIC TOOL
CHANGE), the CNC sends out codes M05 and M06 when code M06 is read.
According to the value assigned to P601(8), it will stop or not the program (like M00).
P601(8)= 1 It stops the program
P601(8)= 0 It does not stop the program b) MACHINE WITH AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER
- If P601(1) or P601(5) are set to 1, the code M06 has to be programmed alone in a block.
When reading this code the CNC, in modes: AUTOMATIC, SINGLE BLOCK,
TEACH- IN, will execute the following sequence:
- It will send out the code M19 and will apply a residual S analog output (defined by
P601(7) and P700) to the spindle.
- It will move the axes X,Y,Z,(W) to the positions fixed by P900, P901, P902 and P903, according to the order defined by P702, P703, P704 and P705.
- It will send out the code M06, cancelling the residual S analog output afterwards.
- If parameter P709 has a value between 1 and 99, the CNC will automatically jump to a subroutine identified by P709. If P709 is zero, there is no jump.
In SINGLE BLOCK mode, the CYCLE START key must be pressed as many times as different functions are involved with M06. In JOG mode, the CNC will send the code M19, will apply to the spindle the residual analog output and will send M06, previously cancelling the residual analog output if the axes have been correctly positioned for the tool change. If any axis is out of position, the CNC will give error code 51.
- Same as in the previous section, it will stop the program or not, according to status of parameter P601(8).
Atention:
It is recommended that M06 be set so that the CNC executes it at the end of the block in which it is programmed.
232 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
11.9. M19. ANALOG S OUTPUT (CREEP) FOR TOOL CHANGE AND SPINDLE
ORIENTATION
There are different possibilities for operating with M19.
a) If M19 is not followed by S4.3, when this function is executed the CNC will send out code M19 and will apply to the spindle an analog output defined by P601(7) and P700.
The remaining analog output is deleted when execution any other M or programmed
S4.
b) If S4.3 is programmed right after M19 the CNC will send out code M19 and will apply to the spindle an analog output defined by P601(7) and P700 until the spindle reaches the position identified in degrees by S4.3, referred to the zero marker. In this case, no other information is allowed in the same block.
c) If the machine parameter P615(8)=1, on executing function M19, the CNC will search for machine reference in the spindle at the same time as the movement of the axes.
d) The machine parameter P916 determines the position of the spindle stop when the functions M06 are executed (tool change) or M19 without programming S, in both cases, whenever the machine is fitted with an encoder on the spindle, and due to this, parameter P800 must have a different value from 0. If a value of 0 is given to it, the CNC ignores all positions. The remaining assignable values go from 0.001 to 360.
e) Machine parameters P917 and P918 determine the lower and upper limits of the range of travel of the spindle, respectively, with M19. When a movement is executed into the forbidden area, the CNC will indicate error 74, this being the area which exists between both limits.
More information on the use of M19 is to be found in the 8025/30 CNC START UP
MANUAL.The application of this feature involves the installation of rotary encoder on to the spindle.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 233
11.10. M22.M23,M24,M25. OPERATION WITH PALLETS
If parameter P603(3) is set to 1, the CNC can manage the operation of pallets in the machine. This means that M22,M23,M24 and M25 acquire a precise meaning.
M22 - Code to load the part in one end of the table (X axis)
M23 - Code to unload the part in the same point as M22
M24 - Code to load the part in the other end of the table
M25 - Code to unload the part in the same point as M24
When the CNC reads any of these four codes, it executes the following sequence:
1. The CNC sends out the code M21 if parameter P605(3) is 1.
2. Shifts the fourth axis (W) to the position identified by parameter P904 if P605(1) is 0.
3. Shifts the X axis to the position identified by P905 for M22 and M23 or P906 for M24 and M25, as long as P611(7)=0.
4. Shifts the Z axis to the position identified by P907 if P605(2) is 1.
5. When all the axes are in position, the CNC sends out the relevant code (M22,M23,M24 or M25). This codes are used by the cabinet to load and unload the part. During this process the FEED-HOLD signal must be applied to the CNC.
6. If parameters related to this function (P710,P711,P712,P713) have a value between 1 and 99 the CNC will automatically jump to the subroutine identified by these parameters after the M function has been executed. If they are set to 0, there is no jump.
234 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example:
N5 M23
N10 M24
Block N5. The CNC sends out M21 if P605(3) and will place the just machined part in unloading position by moving the axes W,X and Z to the positions set by P904, P905 and
P906. Then it will send out the code M23 so that the interface executes the unloading sequence.
If parameter P711, corresponding to M23, has a value of 5, the CNC will execute subroutine number 5.
Block N10. The CNC will place the machine ready to load the new part by moving the axis
W,X and Z to the position set by P904,P906 and P907. Then it will send out the code M24 so that the interface executes the loading sequence.
If parameter P712, corresponding to M24, has a value 0, the sequence is now finished.
The sequence described is executed in modes AUTOMATIC, SINGLE BLOCK, and
TEACH-IN. In SINGLE BLOCK mode, the key must be pressed as many times as different operations there are.
In JOG mode, the CNC will move the last axis X, or Z and then it will send the relevant code (M22,M23,M24,M25) if the axis W, or W and X were previously positioned.
Otherwise if will give error code 51.
No other information can be programmed in a block containing M22,M23,M24 or M25.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 235
12. STANDARD AND PARAMETRIC SUBROUTINES
A subroutine is a part of a program which is suitably identified and can be called in for execution from any position in a program.
A subroutine may be called in several times from different positions in the program or from different programs.
A single call can be used to repeat the execution of a subroutine up to 255 times.
A subroutine may be stored in the memory of the CNC as an independent program or as part of a program. Standard and parametric subroutines are basically identical. The difference between them is that up to 10 arithmetic parameters can be defined in the call block (G21
N2.2) of parametric subroutines.
In standard subroutines the parameters cannot be defined in the call block (G20 N2.2).
The max. number of parameters of a subroutine (standard or parametric) is 255 (P0-P254).
236 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
12.1. IDENTIFICATION OF A STANDARD SUBROUTINE
A standard (non-parametric) subroutine always begins with a block which contains function
G22. The structure of the subroutine opening block is: N4 G22 N2
N4 : Block number
G22: Defines the beginning of a subroutine
N2 : Identifies the subroutine (may be any number between N0 and N99)
This block cannot contain additional information.
Atention:
Two standard subroutines having the same identification number but belonging to different programs cannot be present at the same time in the memory of the CNC, although a standard subroutine and a parametric subroutine may be identified by the same number.
The subroutine opening block is followed by programming the blocks required.
A standard subroutine can contain parametric blocks.
Example:
N0 G22 N25
N10 X20
N15 P0=P0 F1 P1
N20 G24
A subroutine must always end with a block of the form: N4 G24.
N4 : Block number
G24: End of subroutine
No other additional information can be programmed in that block.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 237
12.2. CALLING IN A STANDARD SUBROUTINE
A standard subroutine may be called in from any program or other subroutine (standard or parametric). Calling in a standard subroutine is achieved by function G20.
The structure of a call block is: N4 G20 N2.2
N4 : Block number
G20 : Subroutine call
N2.2 : The two figures to the left of the decimal point identify the number of the subroutine called in (00-99).The two figures on the right of the decimal point indicate the number of times the subroutine is to be repeated (00- 99). Unless it is programmed by a parameter, in which case the limits are 0 and 255.
However, when no number is indicated, the subroutine will be executed only once.
No other additional information can be programmed in the block calling in a standard subroutine.
12.3. IDENTIFICATION OF A PARAMETRIC SUBROUTINE
A parametric subroutine always begins with function G23.
The structure of the first block of a parametricsubroutine is: N4 G23 N2
N4 : Block number
G23 : Defines the beginning of a parametric subroutine.
N2 : Identifies the parametric subroutine (may be any number between N00 and N99).
Atention:
Two parametric subroutines having the same number but belonging to different programs cannot be present at the same time in the memory of the
CNC, although it is possible for a normal subroutine and a parametric subroutine to be identified by the same number.
The above block is followed by programming the blocks required. A parametric subroutine must always end with a block of the form N4 G24.
N4 : Block number
G24 : Defines the end of a subroutine (standard or parametric).
No other additional information can be programmed in that block.
238 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
12.4. CALLING IN A PARAMETRIC SUBROUTINE
A parametric subroutine may be called in from a main program or from another subroutine
(standard or parametric).
The calling of a parametric subroutine is achieved by function G21. The structure of the call block is:
N4 G21 N2.2 P2=K+/-5.5 P2=K+/-5.5 P2=K+/-5.5 ......
N4 : Block number
G21 : Call for parametric subroutine
N2.2
: The two figures to the left of the decimal point identify the number of the parametric subroutine called in (00-99).
The two figures to the right of the decimal point indicate the number of times the parametric subroutine is to be repeated (00-99).
If a parameter is programmed instead of the two figures on the right of the decimal point,the former can have a value between 0 and 255.
When no number is indicated, the subroutine will be executed only once.
P3 :Value of the parameter.
K+/-5.5 :Value assigned to the arithmetic parameter. Write K after the sign = when a constant must be assigned to a parameter. In this block values can be assigned to a maximum of 10 parameters.
When the same parametric subroutine is executed several times in succession, for example:
G21 N2.12 P2=K5 P4=K15 P6=K25
Once each repetition has been completed, except the last one, the values of the arithmetic parameters assigned in the call block are recovered, even though they have been assigned different values throughout the subroutine.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 239
Example of use of standard subroutines without parameters.
This example concerns the drilling of four holes 15 mm deep.
240 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N0 G90 G00 X35 Y35 M03
N5 G22 N1
N10 Z-32
N15 G01 Z-50 F100
N20 G04 K1.0
N25 G00 Z0
N30 G24
N35 X60
N40 G20 N1.1
N45 X80 Y30
N50 G20 N1.1
N55 X100
N60 G20 N1.1
N65 X0 Y0 M05
N70 M30
This same example can be programmed so that subroutine N1 is not part of the main program.
P 0 0 0 0 1
N0 G90 G00 X35 Y35 M03
N5 G20 N1.1
N10 X60
N15 G20 N1.1
N20 X80 Y30
N25 G20 N1.1
N30 X100
N35 G20 N1.1
N40 X0 Y0 M05
N45 M30
P 0 0 0 0 2
N100 G22 N1
N105 Z-32
N110 G01 Z-50 F100
N115 G04 K1.0
N120 G00 Z0
N125 G24
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 241
Example of use of standard subroutines with parameters .
Theoretical path without taking into account the tool diameter.
N10 P0=K48 P1=K24
N20 G1 X40 Y32 F0
N30 G22 N10 ............................... (Definition of standard subroutine)
N40 G91 XP0 F500
N50 YP1
N60 X-P0
N70 Y-P1
N80 G24 ...................................... (End of subroutines)
N90 G90 X-6 Y72
N100 P0=K24 P1=K16
N110 G20 N10.1
.......................... (Call of standard subroutine)
N120 G1 G90 X0 Y0 F0
N130 M30 ..................................... (End of program)
242 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example parametric subroutines using parameters
This example involves carrying out the two machining tasks illustrated, using the same parametric subroutine. The tool is supposed to be 100 mm above the surface of the part and the machining depth to be 10 mm.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 243
P 0 0 0 0 1
N0 G90 G00 X15 Y30 M03
N5 Z-97
N10 G01 Z-110 F100
N15 G21 N1.1 P0=K25 P6=K15 P30=K-10 P13=K10 P14=K10 P15=K10
P50=K-25 P99=K-35
N20 G90 G00 Z0
N25 X85 Y30
N30 Z-97
N35 G01 Z-110
N40 G21 N1.1 P0=K35 P6=K45 P30=K0 P13=K0 P14=K0 P15=K0
P50=K-35 P99=K-45
N45 G90 G00 Z0
N50 X0 Y0 M05
N55 M30
P 0 0 0 0 2
N100 G23 N1
N105 G01 G91 YP0 F100
N110 XP6
N115 YP30
N120 XP13
N125 YP14
N130 XP15
N135 YP50
N140 XP99
N145 G24
244 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Example of parametric subroutine without using parameters
Starting point X0 Y0
N10 G90 G01 X40 Y30 F0
N20 G23 N8 .........................................
(Definition of parametric subroutine)
N30 G01 G91 X50 F500
N40 Y30
N50 X-10
N60 G03 X-30 Y0 I-15 J0
N70 G01 X-10
N80 Y-30
N90 G24 ................................................
(End of subroutine)
N100 G01 G90 X0 Y0 F0
N110 X-70 Y50
N120 G21 N8.1 .....................................
(Call for subroutine)
N130 G01 G90 X0 Y0 F0
N140 M30 .............................................
(End of program)
When Block 120 is read, the CNC will execute once subprogram N8 which is defined between blocks 30 and 80.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 245
12.5. NESTING LEVELS
From a main program or from a subroutine (standard or parametric) it is possible to call in a subroutine, from this a second subroutine, from the second a third, and so on up to a maximum of 15 levels of nesting. Each level may be repeated 255 times.
Subroutine linking diagram or
12.6. EMERGENCY SUBROUTINE
If machine parameter P727 has a value between 1 and 99 and the external STOP input is activated while running a program, the CNC will interrupt the program and jump to execute the subroutine whose number has been assigned to P727.
246 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
13. PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING.
OPERATIONS WITH PARAMETERS
The CNC has 255 parameters (P0-P254) with which the following operation can be performed.
- Programming of parametric blocks
- Different operating
- Jumps within a program
The parametric blocks can be written in any part of the program. By means of machine parameters, it is possible to determine if the range of arithmetic parameters, included between P150 and P254 are only for READING or not.
The operations which can be made between parameters are as follows:
F1 : Addition
F2 : Subtraction
F3 : Multiplication
F4 : Division
F5 : Square root
F6 : Square root of the addition of the squares
F7 : Sine
F8 : Cosine
F9 : Tangent
F10 : Arc tangent
F11 : Comparison
F12 : Entire part
F13 : Entire part plus one
F14 : Entire part minus one
F15 : Absolute value
F16 : Complementation
F17 : Special functions
F18 : Special functions
F19 : Special functions
F20 : Special functions
F21 : Special functions
F22 : Special functions
F23 : Special functions
F24 : Special functions
F25 : Special functions
F26 : Special functions
F27 : Special functions
F28 : Special functions
F30 : AND
F31 : OR
F32 : XOR
F33 : NOR
The use of the parameter is described below:
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 247
PREDEFINED ARITHMETIC PARAMETERS
There are parameters whose value depends on the status of the CNC.
P100. PARAMETER INDICATING THE FIRST TIME
This parameter takes the value of 0, every time a program is run for the first time.
P101. PARAMETER INDICATING OPERATING MODE
The value of this parameter, is defined by operating mode active in the CNC.
Active mode Submode Value taken P101
Automatic
Single block
0
1
Teach in
Dry run
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
4
248 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Assignments
Any value can be assigned to a parameter.
a) N4 P1 = P2
The indicates that P1 takes the value of P2, while P2 keeps the value it had.
b) N4 P1 = K1.5
P1 takes the value 1.5 K identifies a constant. Constants can have values comprised between +/-99999.999.
c) N4 P1 = X
P1 takes the theoretical value of the actual position of the X axis.
d) N4 P1 = Y
P1 takes the theoretical value of the actual position of the Y axis.
e) N4 P1 = Z
P1 takes the theoretical value of the actual position of the Z axis.
f) N4 P1 =W
P1 takes the theoretical value of the actual position of the W axis.
g) N4 P1 = T
P1 takes the actual value of the clock (execution time) in hundredths of a second. This assignation entails the cancellation of the radius compensation (G41 or G42).
h) N4 P1 - 0X
P1 takes the theoretical coordinate of the X axis, with respect to the machine zero where the CNC is situated.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 249
i) N4P1 = 0Y
P1 takes the theoretical coordinate of the Y axis, with respect to the machine zero where the CNC is situated.
j) N4P1 = 0Z
P1 takes the theoretical coordinate of the Z axis, with respect to the machine zero where the CNC is situated.
k) N4P1 = 0W
P1 takes the theoretical coordinate of the 4th W axis, with respect to the machine zero where the CNC is situated.
l) N4P1 = 0V
P1 takes the theoretical coordinate of the 5th V axis,with respect to the machine zero where the CNC is situated.
In these last assignments, the measuring units taken by arithmetic parameter, depend upon the value assigned to the machine parameter P618(8).
If we assign the value 1 to this machine parameter, when the assignment parameter block is executed, of the P1 = 0X type: P1 takes the value of the X coordinate, with respect to the machine zero point, either in millimeters or inches, depending on the units of measure used.
Nevertheless, if we assign the value 0, when P1=0X is executed, P1 takes the value of the X coordinate with respect to the machine zero, always in millimeters, without taking into consideration the units of measure which are being used (mm or inches).
If any of the axes are ROTARY, the value taken by the parameter will always be in degrees.
m)N4P1 = H (Value in HEXADECIMAL)
P1 takes the value in HEXADECIMAL indicated after H.
Possible values of H: 0/FFFFFFFF.
250 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Operations
F1 Addition
Example: N4 P1 = P2 F1 P3
P1 takes the value of the addition of P2 and P3, i.e. P1= P2 + P3. N4 P1 = P2 F1 K2 can also be programmed, i.e. P1 takes the value of P2 + 2. The letter K identifies a constant for instance:
K1 means value 1
K1000 means value 1000
The same parameter can be as an addend and as the result i.e., N4 P1 = P1 F1 K2. This means that P1 = P1 + 2
F2 Subtraction
N4 P10 = P2 F2 P3 —> P10 = P2 - P3
N4 P10 = P2 F2 K3 —> P10 = P2 - 3
N4 P10 = P10 F2 K1 --> P10 = P10 - 1
F3 Multiplication
N4 P17 = P2 F3 P30 —> P17 = P2 x P30
N4 P17 = P2 F3 K4 —> P17 = P2 x 4
N4 P17 = P17 F3 K8 —> P17 = P17x 8
F4 Division
N4 P8 = P7 F4 P35 —> P8 = P7 : P35
N4 P8 = P2 F4 K5 —> P8 = P2 : 5
N4 P8 = P8 F4 K2 —> P8 = P8 : 2
F5 Square root
N4 P15 = F5 P23 —>
N4 P14 = F5 K9 —>
N4 P18 = F5 P18 —>
P15 =
P14 =
P18 =
P23
9
P18
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 251
F6 Square root of the addition of the square
N4 P60 = P2 F6 P3 —> P60 = P2 2 + P3 2
N4 P50 = P40 F6 K5 —> P50 = P40 2+ 5 2
N4 P1 = P1 F6 K4 —> P1 = P1 2 + 4 2
F7 Sinus
N4 P1 = F7 P2 —> P1 = Sen P2
The angle has to be programmed in degrees.
N4 P1 = F7 K5 —> P1 = Sen 5 degrees
F8 Cosinus
N4 P1 = F8 P2 —> P1 = Cos P2
N4 P1 = F8 K75 —> P1 = Cos 75 degrees
F9 Tangent
N4 P1 = F9 P2 —> P1 = tg P2
N5 P1 = F9 K30 —> P1 = tg 30 degrees
F10 Arc tangent
N4 P1 = F10 P2 —> P1 = arc tg P2 (result in degrees)
N4 P1 = F10 K0.5 —> P1 = arc tg 0.5
F11 Comparison
It compares different parameters, or a parameter and aconstant, and activates the conditional jumps flags. Its application will be described in the conditional jumps section.
N4 P1 = F11 P2
If P1 = P2 the if zero jump flag is activated. If P1 => P2 the if => jump flag is activated. If
P1 < P2 the if < jump flag is activated N4 P1 = F11 K6 can also be programmed.
252 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
F12 Entire part
N4 P1 = F12 P2 —> P1 takes the entire part of P2 as its value
N4 P1 = F12 K5,4 —> P1 = 5
F13 Entire part plus one
N4 P1 = F13 P2 —> P1 takes the entire part of P2 plus one as its value
N4 P1 = F13 K5,4 —> P1 = 5 + 1 = 6
F14 Entire part minus one
N4 P1 = F14 P27 —> P1 takes the entire part of P2 minus one as its value
N4 P5 = F14 K5,4 —> P5 = 5 - 1 = 4
F15 Absolute value
N4 P1 = F15 P2 —> P1 takes the absolute value of P2
N4 P1 = F15 K-8 —> P1 = 8
F16 Complementation
N4 P7 = F16 P20 —> P7 takes the complemented value of P20, i.e. P7 =-P20
N4 P7 = F16 K10 —> P7 = -10
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 253
F17-F28 Special functions
They do not affect the jump flags.
F17
N4 P1 = F17 P2
P1 takes the value of the memory address in which the P2 block is located
Example N4 P1 = F17 K12
P1 takes the value of the memory address in which the block N12 is located.
F18
N4 P1 = F18 P2
P1 takes the value of the X coordinate value in the block located at P2.
F18 does not accept a constant as operand.
Example: P1 = F18 K2 is not valid.
F19
N4 P1 = F19 P2
P1 takes the value of the Y coordinate value in the block located at P2.
F19 does not accept a constant as operand.
Example: P1 = F19 K3 is not valid.
F20
N4 P1 = F20 P2
P1 takes the value of the Z coordinate in the block located at P2.
F20 does not accept a constant as operand.
Example: P1 = F20 K5 is not valid.
254 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
F21
N4 P1 = F21 P2
P1 takes the value of the W coordinate in the block located at P2.
F21 does not accept a constant as operand.
Example: P1 = F21 K6 is not valid.
F22
N4 P1 = F22 P2
P1 takes the value of the memory address in the block previous to the one defined by P2.
F22 does not accept a constant as operand.
Example: P1 = F22 K4. is not valid.
F23
N4 P1 = F23
P1 takes the value of the tool table number being used at this moment.
F24
This function can be programmed in two different ways:
Example a) N4 P9 = F24 K2
Parameter P9 takes the R value of the tool table in the position 2.
Example b) N4 P8 = F24 P12
Parameter P8 takes the R value of the tool table in the position indicated by parameter P12.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 255
F25
This function can be programmed in two different ways:
Example a) N4 P15 = F25 K16
Parameter P15 takes the L value of the tool table in the position 16.
Example b) N4 P13 = F25 P34
Parameter P13 takes the L value of the tool table in the position indicated by parameter P34.
F26
This function can be programmed in two different ways:
Example a) N4 P17 = F26 K10
Parameter P17 takes the I value of the tool table in the position 10.
Example b) N4 P19 = F26 P63
Parameter P19 takes the I value of the tool table in the position indicated by parameter P63.
F27
This function can be programmed in two different ways:
Example a) N4 P15 = F27 K27
Parameter P15 takes the K value of the tool table in the position 27.
Example b) N4 P13 = F27 P25
Parameter P13 takes the K value of the tool table in the position indicated by parameter P25.
F28
256 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
N4P1 = F28 P2
P1 takes the value of coordinate V in the block with direction P2.
F28 does not accept constant operand.
Example: P1 = F28 K6. Invalid.
Any number of assignments and operations can be programmed in a block provided, however, that no more than 10 parameters are modified.
F29
N4 P27 = F29
Parameter P27 takes the value of the selected tool number.
Any number of assignments and operations can be programmed in a block provided, however, that no more than 10 parameters are modified.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 257
BOLT HOLE CIRCLE EXAMPLE:
Six holes equally spaced, 2.5 inch radius, first hole 30° from zero.
P151 = RADIUS
P152 = NUMBER OF HOLES
P153 = ANGLE OF FIRST HOLE
P154 = ± ANGLE BETWEEN HOLES
P155 = X CENTER COORDINATE
P156 = Y CENTER COORDINATE
* If P154 = K0, the holes will be equally spaced around 360°. A positive angle for P154 moves counter-clockwise around the circle. A negative angle moves clockwise.
PARAMETRIC SUBROUTINE N97 - BOLT HOLE CIRCLE
N10 G23 N97
N20 P172 = K0
N30 P154 = F11K0
N40 G27N60
N50 P154 = K360 F4 P152
N60 P170 = F8 P153 P170 = P170 F3 P151 P170 = P170 F1 P155
N70 P171 = F7 P153 P171 = P171 F3 P151 P171 = P171 F1 P156
N80 G90 G0 XP170 YP171
N90 P172 = P172 F1 K1 P153 = P153 F1 P154
N100 P172 =F11 P152
N110 G26 N130
N120 G25 N60
N130 G24
258 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
EXAMPLE PROGRAM USING BOLT-HOLE CIRCLE SUBROUTINE:
P9997
N0 (BOLT HOLE CIRCLE EXAMPLE)
N10 G90 G0 X6 Y0 Z0 (SAFE POSITION-OPTIONAL)
N20 G81 G98 G91 Z-0.5 I-0.5 I-3 F10 S500 N0 (DRILLING CANNED CYCLE)
N30 G21 N97 P151=K2.5 P152=-K6 P153=K30 P154 =K0
P155=K3 P156=K0 (CALL SUBROUTINE)
N40 G80 (CANCEL CANNED CYCLE)
N50 G90 G0 X0 Y0 Z0 (SAFE POSITION-OPTIONAL)
N60 G81 G98 G91 Z-0.5 I-3 F10 S500 N0
N70 G21 N97 P155=K-3 (NEW X CENTER COORDINATE)
N80 G80 (CANCEL CANNED CYCLE)
N90 G90 G0 X0 Y0 Z0
N100 M30
NOTES:
.
When calling a drilling canned cycle (lines 20 and 60) N0 (repeat zero times) must be specified.
.
It is possible to move directly from the end of one circle to the beginning of the next by omitting lines 40 thru 60. If direct movement by the shortest path is not possible due to the interference with the part or fixture, then the above procedure to cancel the drilling canned cycle, position to a safe zone, and re-calling the canned cycle must be used.
.
The first time parametric subroutine N97 is called in the program, all six parameters must be specified.
Thereafter, only the parameters which are different from subsequent bolt hole circle patterns need be specified.
However, safe programming practice dictates including all six parameters each time the routine is called.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 259
BINARY OPERATIONS
F30 — AND
F31 — OR
F32 — XOR
F33 — NOT
These BINARY operations, also activate the internal indicators (FLAGS) depending on the value of their result, to use later in the programming of CONDITIONAL JUMPS,CALLS
(G26,G27,G28,G29). The binary operations can be made between:
- Parameters
- Parameters and constants
- Constants :
:
: P1 = P2F30P3
P11=P25F31H(8)
P19=K2F32K5
The value of constant H must be given in hexadecimal code, integer, positive and with 8 characters maximum, i.e., from 0 to FFFFFFFF and cannot form part of the first operand.
F30 - AND
Example: N4 P1 = P2 F30 P3
Value of P2 Value P3
A5C631F C883D
Value of P1
C001D
F31 - OR
Example: N4 P11 = P25 F31 H35AF9D01
Value of P25 Value of H Value of P11
48BE6 35AF9D01 35AF9FE7
F32 - XOR
Example: N4 P19 = P72 F32 H91C6EF
Value of P72 Value of H Value of P19
AB456 91C6EF 9B72B9
F33 - NOT
Example: N4 P154 = F33 P88
P154 takes the value of P88 complementary to 1.
Value of P88 Value of P154
4A52D63F B5AD29C0
260 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Jumps/calls within a program
Functions G25,G26,G27,G28 and G29 can be used to jump to another block of the current program.
No more information can be programmed into the same block in which some of the functions
G25,G26,G27,G28 or G29 are programmed.
There are two formats:
Format a) JUMP
N4 (G25,G26,G27,G28,G29) N4
N4 : Block number
G25,G26,G27,G28,G29 : Codes for different jumps
N4 : Number of the block the jump is aimed at
When the CNC reads this block it jumps to the targeted block and the program continues.
Example:
N0 G00 X100
N5 Y50
N10 G25 N50
N15 X50
N20 Y70
N50 G01 X20
When the block 10 is reached, the CNC jumps to block 50 and then the program continues until it is finished.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 261
Format b) CALL:
N4 (G25,G26,G27,G28,G29) N4.4.2.
N4 : Block number
G25,G26,G27,G28,G29 : Codes for different jumps
N4.4.2 > Number of repetitions
>Number of the last block to be executed
> Number of the block the jump is aimed at
When the CNC reads such a block it jumps to the block identified between the N and the first decimal point. It then executes the section of the program between this block and the one identified between the two decimal points as many times as set by the last number. This last number can take a value within 0 and 99, unless it is programmed using a parameter in which case the limits are 0 and 255.
If only N4.4 is written the CNC will assume N4.4.1.
When the execution of this section is finished the CNC goes to the block next to the one in which G25 N4.4.2. was programmed.
Example:
N0 G00 X10
N5 Y20
N10 G01 X50 M3
N15 G00 Y0
N20 X0
N25 G25 N0.20.8
N30 M30
When block 25 is reached the CNC will jump to block 0 and will execute 8 times the section
N0-N20. On completion of this, it will go to block 30.
262 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
G25 Unconditional jump/call
As soon as the CNC reads code G25, it jumps to the block identified by N4 or N4.4.2.
Programming
N4 G25 N4 or N4 G25 N4.4.2
G25 must stand alone in a block.
Example:
Starting point X100 Y0
N10 G90 G01 Y30 F500
N20 X70
N30 X50 Y50
N40 Y80
N50 X20
N60 X0 Y100
N70 X-20 Y80
N80 X-50
N90 Y50
N100 X-70 Y30
N110 X-100
N120 Y0
N130 G11 G12
N140 G25 N10.120.1
N150 M30
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 263
Two flags can be activated according to the result of the following operations:
F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6,F7,F8,F9,F10,F11,F12,F13,F14,F15,F16,F30,F31,F32,F33.
The assignments do not affect the state of these flags.
Flag 1 (zero, equal)
If the result of an operation is zero, flag 1 is activated.
If the result of an operation is not zero, flag 1 is not activated.
If the result of a comparison is equal, flag 1 is activated.
If the result of a comparison is different, flag 1 is not activated.
Flag 2 (negative, smaller)
If the result of an operation is smaller than zero, flag 2 is activated.
If the result of an operation is greater than or equal to zero, flag 2 is not activated.
If, in a comparison, the first operand is smaller than the second, flag 2 is activated.
If, in a comparison, the first operand is greater than or equal to the second flag 2 is not activated.
The conditions for the program to jump to the targeted block, after reading G26,G27,G28 or G29 are:
With G26 the program will jump if flag 1 is activated.
With G27 the program will jump if flag 1 is not activated.
With G28 the program will jump if flag 2 is activated.
With G29 the program will jump if flag 2 is not activated.
264 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
G26 Conditional jump/call if = 0
When the CNC reads a block with the code G26, if the condition = 0 is met, it jumps to the block indicated by N4 or N4.4.2; if the condition = 0 is not met the CNC will disregard this block.
Programming: N4 G26 N4 or N4 G26 N4.4.2
G26 must stand alone in a block.
Examples: a) N0 G00 X10
N5 P2 = K3
N10 P1 = P2 F1 K5
N15 G01 Z5
“
“
N20 G26 N50
N25
“
N50 G1 Z10
The last operation with parameters being P1 = P2+K5=3+5=8 (result = 0) the = 0 flag will not be activated and the CNC will disregard block N20.
b) N0 G00 X10
N5 P2 = K3
N10 P1 = P2 F1 K5
N15 G01 Z5
N20 P3 = K7
N25 P4 = P3 F2 K7
N30 G26 N50
“
“
“
N50 M30
The last operation with parameters being P4 = P3+K2 K7= 7-7=0, the =0 flag will be activated and the CNC will jump to block 50 when reading block 30.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 265
G27 Conditional jump/call if = 0
When the CNC reads a block with G27, if the condition = 0 is met, it jumps to the block identified by N4 or N4.4.2, if the condition = 0 is not met the CNC will disregard this block.
Programming N4 G27 N4 or N4 G27 N4.4.2
G27 must stand alone in a block.
Example:
For example, to program a cardioid R = B cos A/2 being A=P0 (Angle) and
B=P1 (value 30 mm)
Starting point X0 Y0:
N10 G93 G01 F500
N20 P0=K0
N30 P1=K30 P2=P0 F4 K2 P3=F8 P2 P4=F15 P3 P5=P1 F3 P4
N40 G01 G05 R P5 A P0 ............................................. (Movement block)
N50 P0=P0 F1 K5 .......................................................... (5 degrees added to the angle)
N60 P0=F11 K365 ......................................................... (If not equal to 365 degrees)
N70 G27 N30 .................................................................. (It jumps to block N30)
N80 X0 Y0
N90 M30
266 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
G28 Conditional jump/call if smaller
When the CNC reads a block with the code G28, if the condition < is met, it jumps to the block identified by N4 or N4.4.2. If the condition < is not met, the CNC will disregard this block.
Programming: N4 G28 N4 or N4 G28 N4.4.2
G28 must stand alone in a block.
G29 Conditional jump/call if equal or greater
When the CNC reads a block with G29, if the condition => is met, it jumps to the block identified by N4 or N4.4.2. If the condition => is not met, the CNC will disregard this block.
Programming: N4 G29 N4 or N4 G29 N4.4.2
G29 must stand alone in a block.
G30 Display of error code defined by K
When the CNC reads a block with G30, it stops the program and displays the contents of this block.
Programming: N4 G30 K2
N4 : Block number
G30 : Code identifying programming of an error
K2(0-99) : Programmed error code
Any code between 0 and 99 can be programmed unless the error code K is defined by a parameter (N4 G30 K P2) because then the possible values are 0-255.
This code, combined with G26,G27,G28,G29 enables the stopping of the program and the detection of possible measuring error, for instance.
G30 must stand alone in a block.
Atention:
If it is not required for the CNC error code comment to be displayed, the number of the code after G30 must be greater than those used by the CNC.
Remember also that the user can write comments in the program which will be displayed when the corresponding block is executed.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 267
EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM OF AN ARC WHOSE RADIUS IS GREATER
THAN 8388.607 mm
If starting point is X3000 Y2000 and the following arc is programmed: G03 X1000
Y3774.964 I-8000 J-7000 The CNC will generate error 33 because the radius is greater than
8388 mm. Parametric programming can be used to overcome this limitation.
MEANING OF PARAMETERS
Call parameters
P0: X value of the final point
P1: Y value of the final point
P2: Distance from the starting point to the center, along X axis
P3: Distance from the starting point to the center, along Y axis
P4: Feedrate
P5: Increment of the angle with its sign (Clockwise = negative, counterclockwise = positive).
Parameters used in the subroutine
P90: X value of the starting point
P91: Y value of the starting point
P92: Radius
P93: Initial angle
P94: Final angle
P95: Working or movement angle
P96: Arc’s center’s X value
P97: Arc’s center’s Y value
P98: Calculations
P99: Calculations
268 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Subroutines flow chart:
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 269
SUBROUTINE N98
N00 G23 N98
N01 P90=X P91=Y ............................................................ (Takes point values)
P96=P90 F1 P2 P97=P91 F1 P3 ............................. (Calculates center)
P92=P2 F6 P3 .......................................................... (Calculates radius)
P98=P3 F4 P2 P93=F10 P98 .................................. (Calculates angle
α
)
P98=P90 F2 P96 P98=F11 K0
N02 G29 N4
N03 P93=P93 F1 K180
N04 P98=P0 F2 P96 P99=P1 F2 P97 ........................... (Calculates angle
β
)
N05 P94=P99 F4 P98 P94=F10 P94 P98=F11 K0
N06 G29 N8
N07 P94=P94 F1 K180
N08 P5=F11 K0
N09 G29 N16
N10 P93=F11 K0
N11 G29 N2 ....................................................................... (Adjusts values of
α
N12 P94=F11 K0 and
β
if the
N13 G28 N21 arc spares 3rd and 4th
N14 P93=P93 F1 K360
N15 G25 N21 quadrants)
N16 P94=F11 K0
N17 G29 N21
N18 P93=F11 K0
N19 G28 N2
N20 P94=P94 F1 K360
N21 P95=P93 F1 P5 ........................................................... (angle
θ
=
α
+ P5)
N22 P98=F8 P95 P98=P98 F3 P92 P98=P98 F1 P96 ..... X value of point)
P99=F7 P95 P99=P99 F3 P92 P99=P99 F1 P97 ..... (Y value of point)
N23 G1 XP98 YP99 FP4 ................................................... (Go to point)
N24 P95=F11 P94 .............................................................. (End of arc?)
N25 G26 N37
N26 P94=F11 P93 .............................................................. (Compare
α
and
β
)
N27 G26 N37 ..................................................................... (If
α
=
β
end )
N28 G28 N33
N29 P95=P95 F1 P5 P95=F11 P94 .................................. (If
β
>
α
increment of
θ
.................................................................................... and check whether =
β
)
N30 G28 N32
N31 P95=P94 ...................................................................... (If
θ
=
β
has been reached or surpassed)
N32 G25 N22 ..................................................................... (calculates new point)
N33 P95=P95 F1 P5 P94=F11 P95 .................................. (If
α
>
β
decrement
θ
of and
.................................................................................... check whether =
β
)
N34 G28 N36
N35 P95=P94 ...................................................................... (If
θ
=
β
has been reached or surpassed)
N36 G25 N22 ..................................................................... (calculates new point)
N37 G24
270 8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL
This subroutine can be used to perform any arc with radius greater than 8388.607 mm both clockwise and counterclockwise.
The program to execute the arc previously defined will be:
N10 P0=K1000 P1=K3774.964 P2=K-8000 P3=K-7000 P4=K100 P5=K0.5
N20 G1 G41 X3000 Y2000 T1.1
N30 G21 N98.01
Atention:
If tool offset is to be used the following programming order must be strictly followed.
1. Definition of call parameter.
2. Positioning in the arc’s initial point.
3. Calling the subroutine.
8025/8030 CNC PROGRAMMING MANUAL 271
ERROR
CODES
020
021
022
023
008
009
010
011
012
004
005
006
007
001 This error occurs in the following cases:
> When the first character of the block to be executed is not an "N".
002
003
> When while BACKGROUND editing, the program in execution calls a subroutine located in the program being edited or in a later program.
The order in which the part-programs are stored in memory are shown in the part-program directory. If during the execution of a program, a new one is edited, this new one will be placed at the end of the list.
Too many digits when defining a function in general.
A negative value has been assigned to a function which does not accept the (-) sign or an incorrect value has been given to a canned cycle parameter.
A canned cycle has been defined while function G02, G03 or G33 was active.
Parametric block programmed wrong.
There are more than 10 parameters affected in a block.
Division by zero.
Square root of a negative number.
Parameter value too large
M41, M42, M43 or M44 has been programmed.
More than 7 "M" functions in a block.
This error occurs in the following cases:
> Function G50 is programmed wrong
013
014
> Tool dimension values too large.
> Zero offset values ( G53/G59 ) too large.
Cycle defined incorrectly.
A block has been programmed which is incorrect either by itself or in relation with the program history up to that instant.
015
016
017
018
019
Functions G20, G21, G22, G23, G24, G25, G26, G27, G28, G29, G30, G31, G32, G50, G52, G53, G54, G55,
G56, G57, G58, G59, G72, G73, G74, G92 and G93 must be programmed alone in a block.
The called subroutine or block does not exist or the block searched by means of special function F17 does not exist.
This error is issued in the following cases:
> Negative or too large thread pitch value.
> Function G95 or M19 has been used with machine parameter "P800=0".
Error in blocks where the points are defined by means of angle-angle or angle-coordinate.
This error is issued in the following cases:
> After defining G20, G21, G22 or G23, the number of the subroutine it refers to is missing.
> The "N" character has not been programmed after function G25, G26, G27, G28 or G29.
> Too many nesting levels.
The axes of the circular interpolation are not programmed correctly.
There is no block at the address defined by the parameter assigned to F18, F19, F20, F21, F22.
An axis is repeated when programming G74.
K has not been programmed after G04.
024
025
026
027
028
029
030
031
The decimal point is missing when programming T2.2 or N2.2.
Error in a definition block or subroutine call, or when defining either conditional or unconditional jumps.
This error is issued in the following cases:
> Memory overflow.
> Not enough free tape or CNC memory to store the part-program.
I/J/K has not been defined for a circular interpolation or thread.
An attempt has been made to select a tool offset at the tool table or a non-existent external tool (the number of tools is set by machine parameter).
Too large a value assigned to a function.
This error is often issued when programming an F value in mm/min (inch/min) and, then, switching to work in mm/rev (inch/rev) without changing the F value.
The programmed G function does not exist.
Tool radius value too large.
032 Tool radius value too large.
033
034
035
036
037
A movement of over 8388 mm or 330.26 inches has been programmed.
Example: Being the X axis position X-5000, if we want to move it to point X5000, the CNC will issue error
33 when programming the block N10 X5000 since the programmed move will be:
5000 - (-5000) = 10000 mm.
In order to make this move without issuing this error, it must be carried out in two stages as indicated below:
N10 X0
N10 X5000
S or F value too large.
; 5000 mm move
; 5000 mm move
Not enough information for corner rounding, chamfering or compensation.
Repeated subroutine.
Function M19 programmed incorrectly.
038
039
040
041
Function G72 or G73 programmed incorrectly.
It must be borne in mind that if G72 is applied only to one axis, this axis must be positioned at part zero (0 value) at the time the scaling factor is applied.
This error occurs in the following cases:
> More than 15 nesting levels when calling subroutines.
> A block has been programmed which contains a jump to itself. Example: N120 G25 N120.
The programmed arc does not go through the defined end point (tolerance 0.01mm) or there is no arc that goes through the points defined by G08 or G09.
This error is issued when programming a tangential entry as in the following cases:
> There is no room to perform the tangential entry. A clearance of twice the rounding radius or greater is required.
042
> If the tangential entry is to be applied to an arc (G02, G03), The tangential entry must be defined in a linear block.
This error is issued when programming a tangential exit as in the following cases:
> There is no room to perform the tangential exit. A clearance of twice the rounding radius or greater is required.
043
044
045
046
047
048
049
050
> If the tangential exit is to be applied to an arc (G02, G03), The tangential exit must be defined in a linear block.
Polar origin coordinates (G93) defined incorrectly.
Canned cycle defined wrong.
Function G36, G37, G38 or G39 programmed incorrectly.
Polar coordinates defined incorrectly.
A zero movement has been programmed during radius compensation or corner rounding.
W axis programmed wrong.
Chamfer programmed incorrectly.
Functions M06, M22, M23, M24, M25 must be programmed alone in a block.
051 * A tool or pallet change cannot be performed without being in the change position.
052 * The requested tool is not in the magazine.
053 * This error occurs when having a machining center and 2 different external Ts have been programmed in a row without programming an M06 in between.
054 There is no disk in the FAGOR Floppy Disk Unit, there is no tape in the cassette reader or the reader head cover is open.
055 Parity error when reading or writing a floppy or cassette.
056
057
058
059
060
061
This error comes up in the following cases:
> When the memory is locked and an attempt is made to generate a CNC program by means of function G76.
> When trying to generate program P99999 or a protected program by means of function G76.
> If function G76 is followed by function G22 or G23.
> If there are more than 70 characters after G76.
> If function G76 (block content) has been programmed without having programmed G76 P5 or G76 N5 before.
> If in a G76 P5 or G76 N5 type function does not contain the 5 digits of the program number.
> If while a program is being generated (G76 P5 or G76 N5), its program number is changed without cancelling the previous one.
> If while executing a G76 P5 type block, the program referred to is not the one edited. In other words, that another one has been edited later or that a G76 P5 type block is executed while a program is being edited in background.
Write-protected floppy disk or cassette.
Irregular floppy drive motion or sluggish tape transport.
Communication error between the CNC and the FAGOR Floppy Disk Unit or between the CNC and the cassette reader.
Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
Battery error.
The memory contents will be kept for 10 more days (with the CNC off) from the moment this error occurs. The whole battery module located on the back must be replaced. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
Due to danger of explosion or combustion: do not try to recharge the battery, do not expose it to temperatures higher than 100°C (232°F) and do not short the battery leads.
064 * External emergency input (pin 14 of connector I/O1) is activated.
065 * This error comes up in the following cases:
> If while probing (G75) the programmed position is reached without receiving the probe signal.
> If while executing a probing canned cycle, the CNC receives the probe signal without actually carrying out the probing move itself (collision).
066 * X axis travel limit overrun.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would force the machine to go beyond limits.
067 * Y axis travel limit overrun.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would force the machine to go beyond limits.
068 * Z axis travel limit overrun.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would force the machine to go beyond limits.
069 * W axis travel limit overrun.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would force the machine to go beyond limits.
070 ** X axis following error.
071 ** Y axis following error.
072 ** Z axis following error.
073 ** W axis following error.
074 ** Spindle speed value too large.
075 ** X axis feedback error. Connector A1.
076 ** Y axis feedback error. Connector A2.
077 ** Z axis feedback error. Connector A3.
078 ** W axis feedback error. Connector A4.
079 ** Spindle feedback error. Connector A5.
080 ** Handwheel feedback error. Connector A5.
081 ** V axis feedback error. Connector A5.
082 ** Parity error in general parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
083 ** Parity error in V axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
084 * V axis travel limit overrun.
085 ** V axis following error.
086 Not being used at this time.
087 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
088 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
089 * All the axes have not been homed.
This error comes up when it is mandatory to search home on all axes after power-up. This requirement is set by machine parameter.
090 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
091 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
092 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
093 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
094 Parity error in tool table or zero offset table G53-G59. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
095 ** Parity error in W axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
096 ** Parity error in Z axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
097 ** Parity error in Y axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
098 ** Parity error in X axis parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600",
"P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
099 ** Parity error in M table. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0",
"P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
100 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
101 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
105 This error comes up in the following cases:
> A comment has more than 43 characters.
> A program has been defined with more than 5 characters.
> A block number has more than 4 characters.
> Strange characters in memory.
106 ** Inside temperature limit exceeded.
107 ** Error in W axis leadscrew error compensation parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
108 ** Error in Z axis leadscrew error compensation parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
109 ** Error in Y axis leadscrew error compensation parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
110 ** Error in X axis leadscrew error compensation parameters. The CNC resets the serial line RS232C machine parameters: "P0= 9600", "P1=8", P2=0", "P3=1", "P607(3)=1", "P607(4)=1", "P607(5)=1".
111 * FAGOR LAN line error. Hardware installed incorrectly.
112 * FAGOR LAN error. It comes up in the following instances:
> When the configuration of the LAN nodes is incorrect.
> The LAN configuration has been changed. One of the nodes is no longer present (active).
When this error occurs, access the LAN mode, editing or monitoring, before executing a program block.
113 * FAGOR LAN error. A node is not ready to work in the LAN. For example:
> The PLC64 program is not compiled.
>A G52 type block has been sent to an 82CNC while it was in execution.
114 * FAGOR LAN error. An incorrect command has been sent out to a node.
115 * Watch-dog error in the periodic module.
This error occurs when the periodic module takes longer than 5 milliseconds.
116 * Watch-dog error in the main module.
This error occurs when the main module takes longer than half the time indicated in machine parameter "P741".
117 * The internal CNC information requested by activating marks M1901 thru M1949 is not available.
118 * An attempt has been made to modify an unavailable internal CNC variable by means of marks M1950 thru
M1964.
119 Error when writing machine parameters, the decoded M function table and the leadscrew error compensation tables into the EEPROM memory.
120
150
This error may occur when after locking the machine parameters, the decoded M function table and the leadscrew error compensation tables, one tries to save this information into the EEPROM memory.
Checksum error when recovering (restoring) the machine parameters, the decoded M function table and leadscrew error compensation tables from the EEPROM memory.
Incoherent data in the 512 Kb memory.
When this error occurs, save as many programs as you can into the Floppy Disk Unit, peripheral or PC.
Then, proceed as follows to format the 512 Kb memory (when doing this, all part-programs stored in this memory will be lost).
Press
Press
Key in:
[OP MODE] [6] to select the Editing mode.
[LOCK/UNLOCK] the screen displays the text: CODE:
FM512 and press [ENTER]
Once the 512 Kb memory is formatted, recover (restore) the programs you saved into the Floppy Disk Unit, peripheral or PC.
151
152
Defective 512 Kb memory. Consult with the Technical Service department.
Not enough available free space in the 512 Kb memory.
Atention:
The ERRORS indicated with "*" behave as follows:
They stop the axis feed and the spindle rotation by cancelling the Enable signals and the analog outputs of the CNC.
They interrupt the execution of the part-program of the CNC if it was being executed.
The ERRORS indicated with "**" besides behaving as those with an "*", they activate the INTERNAL EMERGENCY OUTPUT.
APPLICATIONS MANUAL
Ref. 9701 (in)
ABOUT THE INFORMATION IN THIS MANUAL
This manual describes applications which, while not being specific of milling machines, are also possible with this CNC.
This manual must be read together with the rest of the manuals for this CNC.
Notes: The information described in this manual may be subject to variations due to technical modifications.
FAGOR AUTOMATION, S. Coop. Ltda. reserves the right to modify the contents of this manual without prior notice.
INDEX
Section
Page
Chapter 3 NON-SERVO CONTROLLED OPEN LOOP MOTORS
1.
LASER MACHINES
1.1 MACHINE PARAMETERS
P619(3) Analog S output proportional to actual axis feedrate.
By setting this parameter, it is possible to control the intensity of the laser BEAM.
The CNC outputs an analog S voltage proportional to the actual feedrate of the axes.
0 = This feature is not active.
1 = This feature is active.
P622(6) Sheetmetal tracing on laser machines
It indicates whether this feature is active or not.
0 = This feature is not active.
1 = This feature is active.
When using this feature, functions M97 and M98 acquire a special meaning as described in the section on "Laser Machines" in the chapter on "Concepts" of this manual.
P806 Distance between the beam and the sheetmetal
In order to trace the profile of the sheetmetal, a device is used attached to the axis of the laser beam indicating, at all times, the deviations of the sheetmetal surface.
To do this, this device has a cylinder moving in and out of it and whose tip is constantly touching the sheetmetal surface.
This parameter indicates the distance this cylinder must penetrate into the device once its tip touches the sheetmetal. This way, it sets the distance between the beam and the sheetmetal surface.
This distance is given in microns, regardless of the work-units being used.
Possible values: 0 thru 32000 microns.
If set to "0", this feature will not be activated.
Chapter: 1
LASER MACHINES
Section:
MACHINE PARAMETERS
Page
1
P807 Maximum sheetmetal deflection
This parameter is used when the sheetmetal tracing feature is active. It prevents abrupt laser movements when detecting holes, objects, etc. while machining the sheetmetal.
It indicates the maximum sheetmetal deflection value. It is always expressed in microns regardless of the work-units being used.
Possible values: 0 thru 32000 microns.
If set to "0", the "sheetmetal tracing" feature will not be activated.
If the value assigned to this parameter is exceeded, the CNC will deactivate the
"sheetmetal tracing" feature and depending, on the operating mode, it will act as follows:
* In the JOG mode, the CNC will display the following error of the Z axis.
* In the rest of the operating modes, the CNC will generate an external CYCLE
STOP executing the emergency subroutine if it has been programmed.
P808 Analog corresponding to maximum Z axis feedrate
It sets the analog voltage corresponding to the maximum Z axis feedrate when executing special functions: M97 or M98 (sheetmetal tracing).
It is always defined in microns regardless of the work units being used.
Possible values: 0 to 32000 microns.
If set to "0", the maximum analog voltage value for the Z axis will be:
2.5mV.
Analog (mV.) = P806 x K1 x ————
64
If set to a value other than "0", the maximum analog voltage for the Z axis will be:
2.5mV.
Analog (mV.) = P808 x K1 x ————
64
The proportional gain K1 of the Z axis is determined by machine parameter P314.
Example: Machine parameters: “P314”= 32 and “P806”= 2000.
The Z axis is controlled by a 10V-system providing 3000 mm/min and the Z axis feedrate is to be limited to 300 mm/min.
Therefore, the Z axis analog voltage must be limited to 1V (10% of 10V).
This will give us the following value:
2.5mV.
1000 mV. = P808 x 32 x ———— ===> P808 = 800
64
Page
2
Chapter: 1
LASER MACHINES
Section:
MACHINE PARAMETERS
1.2 LASER BEAM PROPORTIONAL TO AXIS FEEDRATE
In order to work with this feature, machine parameter “P619(3)” must be set to "1".
It is also necessary to adjust the axis servo drives so their maximum desired feedrates
(G00) are obtained with ±9.5 V.
When this feature is selected, the CNC will provide an analog "S" voltage (pins 36 and 37 connector I/O1) proportional to the actual (real) feedrate of the axes.
The CNC uses the "S analog" output to control the intensity of the laser beam; therefore, the spindle parameters must be set accordingly.
Spindle machine parameters “P601(3)” and “P601(2)” must be set to "0" for the analog output range to be ±10 V.
To get a unipolar analog voltage, set spindle machine parameter “P610(4)” to "1".
The sign of this unipolar analog output will be determined by spindle machine parameter “P601(4)”.
The machine parameters related to spindle speed range (P7, P8, P9, P10) are set in rpm. Therefore, whenever an "S" value is programmed, it will be indicated in rpm and the CNC will provide the corresponding analog voltage depending on the speed range it corresponds to the programmed "S" value.
The programming format used by the CNC for using this feature is as follows:
N4 G1 X±4.3 Y±4.3 F5.5 S4.4 M3/M4
The figure located between the "S" and the "." indicates the minimum analog value
(rpm) provided by the CNC and the figure after the "." indicates the analog (rpm) corresponding to the programmed feedrate F5.5.
If there is no axis movement, the CNC will provide the programmed minimum S.
Otherwise, the CNC will supply the analog voltage corresponding to the actual (real) axis feedrate.
In rapid positioning moves (G00), the CNC will output the programmed minimum S.
Chapter: 1
LASER MACHINES
Section:
BEAM PROPORTIONAL
TO FEEDRATE
Page
3
Example:
If we have one single spindle range with 1000 rpm for 10V of analog voltage and we program F10000 S100.500
If there is no movement or it is moving in G00 (rapid positioning), the CNC will output an analog voltage of 1V.
For an actual feedrate of the axes of 12000 mm/min., the CNC will provide
5.8V.
When the actual axis feedrate is 5000 mm/min., the CNC will output 3V.
To temporarily cancel the laser beam, program M05. To recover it, program M03 or
M04. To select a new "laser beam"-"feedrate" ratio, program a new block as follows
N4 G1 X±4.3 Y±4.3 F5.5 S4.4 M3/M4
When the axis feedrate for arcs depends on the arc radius, (machine parameter "P729") the corresponding laser analog (S) will also depend on it.
Page
4
Chapter: 1
LASER MACHINES
Section:
BEAM PROPORTIONAL
TO FEEDRATE
1.3 SHEETMETAL TRACING
When using this feature, it is necessary to set machine parameter P622(6) to "1".
With this feature it is possible to keep the focusing distance of the laser beam constant, thus achieving an optimum machining quality even on very wavy sheetmetal surfaces.
To do this, a sensor must be used attached to the axis of the laser beam. This sensor will provide, at all times, the feedback signals indicating to the CNC the deviations of the actual sheetmetal surface with respect to its theoretical value.
The axis supporting the focus of the laser beam must be set as the "Z" axis and the feedback signals of the sensor must be connected through the "V" axis feedback input. Also, the "V" axis must be set as a DRO axis by means of machine parameter
“P617(3)=1”.
The CNC offers miscellaneous (auxiliary) functions M97, M98 and M99 which have the following meaning when working with this feature (sheetmetal tracing):
M97 to activate the "sheetmetal tracing" feature. This function is used when the counting directions of the Z and V axes are the same.
M98 to activate the "sheetmetal tracing" feature. This function is used when the counting directions of the Z and V axes are not the same.
M99 to end or cancel the "sheetmetal tracing" feature.
The machine parameters to be set when using this feature are:
P619(3) Analog S output proportional to actual axis feedrate.
P622(6) Sheetmetal tracing on laser machines.
P806
P807
P808
Beam focusing distance (between beam and sheetmetal).
Maximum sheetmetal deflection.
Analog voltage corresponding to maximum Z axis feedrate.
Whenever the "sheetmetal tracing" feature is used, the CNC behaves as follows:
1.- When M97 or M98 is executed, the CNC will activate this feature.
2.- The laser beam (Z axis) will move towards the sheetmetal until the sensor attached to it makes contact with the sheetmetal surface.
The maximum feedrate to be used in this approach move is set by machine parameter "P808".
As a safety measure, the Z axis must be moved before executing M97 or M98.
Otherwise, the CNC will issue error 102.
Chapter: 1
LASER MACHINES
Section:
SHEETMETAL TRACING
Page
5
3.- The laser beam will keep approaching the sheetmetal until the sensor indicates that it has penetrated a "P806" distance into the sheetmetal.
This distance will be maintained between the laser beam and the sheetmetal surface during the whole machining process.
4.- From then on, the CNC will start making the programmed cut.
Only the XY movements must be programmed. The Z axis is controlled by the
CNC and it will move the distance indicated by the sensor maintaining the same distance between the beam and the sheetmetal surface during the whole machining process.
Page
6
The Z axis position display will not correspond to its real position since this axis is affected by the variations of the sensor.
In order to avoid abrupt movements of the laser while cutting the sheetmetal (as when detecting holes, objects, etc.), machine parameter "P807" indicates the maximum sheetmetal deflection allowed.
To control the laser beam so the analog S output is proportional to the feedrate of the axes, set machine parameter “P619(3)” to “1”.
Chapter: 1
LASER MACHINES
Section:
SHEETMETAL TRACING
2.
JIG GRINDERS
2.1 MACHINE PARAMETERS
P622(8) JIG GRINDER
It indicates whether the machine is or not a JIG GRINDER.
0 = It is not a JIG GRINDER.
1 = It is a JIG GRINDER.
When using this feature, the CNC controls the C axis so it always stays perpendicular to the XY path. This is further described in the section on "Jig
Grinder" in the chapter on "concepts" of this manual.
Chapter: 2
JIG GRINDERS
Section:
PARAMETROS MAQUINA
Page
1
2.2 "C" AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO XY PATH
When it is desired to have the C axis perpendicular to the XY path (JIG GRINDER type machines), it is necessary to set machine parameter "P622(8)" to "1".
The axes controlled by the CNC will be defined as:
X,Y Main machine axes. It is possible to interpolate them.
C Rotary axis. When this feature is active, the CNC will maintain this axis perpendicular to the XY path.
U Auxiliary axis that can be interpolated with the X and Y axes.
Also, the following indications must be considered when reading the CNC manuals:
* Any reference to the Z axis must be interpreted as references to the U axis.
* Any reference to the W axis must be interpreted as references to the C axis.
* The following functions are no longer available:
Helical interpolation (with G2/G3)
G17 G18 G19 Plane selection
G33
G77 G78
Electronic threading
Slaving of the 4th to its associated axis
G81 ... G89
G98 G99
Machining canned cycles
Withdraw in canned cycles
Machine parameters “P600(1)” and “P606(1)” must be set to "1" since the "C" axis must be rotary and "ROLLOVER".
When using this feature, the CNC offers functions M97, M98 and M99 which acquire the following meaning:
M97 Activates this feature keeping the C axis to the right of the programmed XY path.
M98 Activates this feature keeping the C axis to the left of the programmed XY path.
M99 Ends or cancels this feature.
Page
2
Chapter: 2
JIG GRINDERS
Section:
"C" AXIS PERPENDICULAR
TO XY PATH
When working with this feature, the CNC acts as follows:
1.- When executing M97 or M98, the CNC will activate this feature.
2.- If a linear interpolation has been programmed for the XY axes, the CNC positions the C axis perpendicular to the programmed path and on the desired side.
The XY interpolation will begin once the C axis is positioned perpendicular to the programmed path and the CNC will keep it perpendicular to this path during the whole XY movement.
.
3.- If a circular interpolation has been programmed for the XY axes, the CNC positions the C axis in a radial position (and on the desired side) with respect to the first point of the arc.
The XY interpolation will begin once the C axis is positioned radial to the first point of the arc.
The CNC will keep the C axis radial to the programmed path during the whole interpolation.
4.- Execute function "M99" to cancel this feature.
Chapter: 2
JIG GRINDERS
Section:
"C" AXIS PERPENDICULAR
TO XY PATH
Page
3
3.
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED OPEN LOOP
MOTORS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
When the motor does not have a servo drive, it is called: non-servo controlled.
Therefore, Non-servo controlled Open Loop means that the CNC only controls the position of the axis during the programmed movement. Once the axis reaches position, the
CNC no longer controls it.
This feature may only be used at the GP model. Up to a maximum of 4 axes may be controlled (X, Y, Z, W).
Axes in Closed Loop may not be combined with other axes in Open Loop. Therefore, all the axes must operate in non-servo controlled open loop.
There are 5 signals to control the motors and they are:
- Fast.
- Slow.
- Moving direction (+/-)
- Brake.
- In-Position.
The CNC outputs these signals via connectors IO1/IO2, as described next.
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
INTRODUCTION
Page
1
CONNECTOR I/O 1
Pin
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
7
8
5
6
3
4
1
2
16
17
30
31
32
33
26
27
28
29
34
35
36
37
22
23
24
25
18
19
20
21
0V.
T Strobe
S Strobe
M Strobe
Emergency
W axis Brake
Z axis Brake
Y axis Brake
X axis Brake
Home switch (X)
Home switch (Y)
Home switch (Z)
Home switch (W)
Emergency Stop
Feed Hold
Transfer inhibit
M done
Cycle Stop
Emergency Subroutine
Cycle Start
Rapid feed
Enter in Play-back mode
Block Skip
DRO
MST80
MST40
MST20
MST10
MST08
MST04
MST02
MST01
CHASSIS
24V.
SIGNAL AND FUNCTION
Input from external power supply
Output. The BCD outputs refer to a tool code.
Output. The BCD outputs refer to an "S" code (spindle).
Output. The BCD outputs refer to an "M" code.
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Input from X axis home switch.
Input from Y axis home switch.
Input from Z axis home switch.
Input from W axis home switch.
Input
Input
Input
Input
Conditional input
Input. The CNC acts as a DRO.
BCD coded output, weight: 80
BCD coded output, weight: 40
BCD coded output, weight: 20
BCD coded output, weight: 10
BCD coded output, weight: 8
BCD coded output, weight: 4
BCD coded output, weight: 2
BCD coded output, weight: 1
Connect all cable shields to this pin.
Input from external power supply.
Not being used at this time.
Not being used at this time.
Not being used at this time.
Not being used at this time.
Not being used at this time.
Not being used at this time.
Not being used at this time.
Not being used at this time.
Page
2
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
INTRODUCTION
CONNECTOR I/O 2
12
13
18
19
20
21
14
15
16
17
8
9
10
11
22
23
24
25
6
7
4
5
PIN
1
2
3
0V.
0V.
SIGNAL AND FUNCTION
Output M1
Fast for X
Output M2
Fast for Y
Output M3
Fast for Z
Output M4
Fast for W
Output M5
Slow for X
Output M6
Slow for Y
Output M7
Slow for Z
Output M8
Slow for W
Output M9
Direction for X
Output M10
Direction for Y
Output M11
Direction for Z
Input from external power supply
Input from external power supply
Value of bit 1 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 2 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 3 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 4 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 5 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 6 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 7 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 8 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 9 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 10 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 11 of "M" function table
CHASSIS
Not being used at this time
Not being used at this time
Connect all cable shields to this pin.
Not being used at this time
Not being used at this time
Input from external power supply.
Input from external power supply.
Output. JOG mode selected.
24V.
24V.
JOG
W In-Position
Output M15
Z In-Position
Output M14
Y In-Position
Output M13
X In-Position
Output M12
Direction for W
Value of bit 15 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 14 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 13 of "M" function table.
Value of bit 12 of "M" function table.
Atention:
It is recommended NOT to use the decoded "M" function table because the
CNC utilizes the same outputs to activate the table bits and the "Fast", "Slow",
"Direction" and "In-Position" signals for each axis.
When the machine has a "W" axis, the CNC uses pin 21 for the "In-Position" signal of the "W" axis. It does not output the "JOG" signal.
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
INTRODUCTION
Page
3
3.2 MACHINE PARAMETERS
P626(8) The machine uses non-servo controlled open loop motors.
It indicates whether or not the machine uses non-servo controlled open loop motors.
0 = No
1 = Yes
When using this feature "P626(8)=1" the axes must not be continuously controlled:
"P105=N", "P205=N", "P305=N", "P405=N".
P807, P811, P816, P820 Delay between "Brake" and "Fast" signals for X,Y,Z,W
It indicates the delay, in milliseconds, to be applied from the moment the brake is deactivated until the axes start moving ("Fast" signal).
Possible values: 0 through 65535 milliseconds.
P808, P812, P817, P821 Delay between "Slow" and "Brake" signals for X,Y,Z,W
It indicates the delay, in milliseconds, to be applied from the moment the "Slow" signal is deactivated until the "Brake" is activated for the corresponding axis.
Possible values: 0 through 65535 milliseconds.
P809, P813, P818, P822 Delay between "Brake" and "In-Position" signals:
X,Y,Z,W
It indicates the delay, in milliseconds, to be applied from the moment the "Brake" signal is activated until the "In-Position" signal is activated for that axis.
Possible values: 0 through 65535 milliseconds.
P810, P814, P819, P823 Duration of the In-Position signal for X, Y, Z, W
It indicates the number of milliseconds that the "In-Position" signal remains active for the corresponding axis.
Possible values: 0 through 65535 milliseconds.
P900, P901, P902, P903 Braking distance for X, Y, Z, W
It indicates how far ahead of the target point the "Slow" signal is to be activated.
Possible values: ± 8388.607 millimeters.
± 330.2599 inches.
It must be assigned a value greater than the stopping distance: "P904, P905, P906, P907"
P904, P905, P906, P907 Stopping distance for X, Y, Z, W
It indicates how far ahead of the target point the "Slow" signal is to be deactivated.
Possible values: ± 8388.607 millimeters.
± 330.2599 inches.
Page
4
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
MACHINE PARAMETERS
3.3 BASIC OPERATION
Whenever an axis is to be moved, the CNC behaves as follows:
1.- Sets the "Brake" output high
(24V) for the electrical cabinet to deactivate the axis brake.
2.- Since the brake is not cancelled instantaneously, it is possible to set a delay "T1" by means of machine parameters P807, P811, P816,
P820, before activating the
"Fast" output.
3.- Once "T1" has elapsed, the
CNC activates the "Fast" output for the axis to start moving.
4.- This "Fast" output is maintained active until the axis reaches the braking distance set by P900, P901,
P902, P903 from the target point. At this point on, the
CNC activates the "Slow" output.
5.- When the axis enters the stopping zone (at a P904,
P905, P906, P907 distance from the target point), the
CNC deactivates the "Slow" output.
6.- In order to allow the axis enough time to position before activating its brake, it is possible to set a delay "T2" by means of machine parameters P808, P812, P817, P821
This parameter indicates the delay applied from the moment the "Slow" output is deactivated until the "Brake" output is set low.
6.- After setting the "Brake" output low, the CNC waits a "T3" time period, set by P809,
P813, P818, P822, before activating the "In-Position" signal for the axis.
This "In-Position" output is kept high during "T4" which as established by machine parameters P810, P814, P819, P823
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
BASIC OPERATION
Page
5
3.4 MOVEMENT EXECUTION
The movements of the axes may be programmed by means of either G00 or G01 functions.
If G02 or G03 is programmed, the CNC will issue error 14.
All the movements are carried out as described earlier. Therefore, it is the same to program
G00 or G01.
A program block may contain the movements of up to 3 axes simultaneously.
The CNC considers the execution of a block concluded when all the axes involved have reached position. In other words, when all their "In-Position" outputs are high.
Usually, the movements of all the axes involved do not end at the same time (different distances, different T1, T2, T3, T4 delays, etc.).
Execution example of a block involving X and Y movements.
Page
6
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
MOVEMENT EXECUTION
3.5 AUTOMATIC AND SINGLE BLOCK MODES
3.5.1 USING FUNCTION G05 AND G07
When operating in automatic mode, the CNC waits for a block to be finished before starting the execution of the next block.
When operating in G07, the CNC considers the block execution concluded when all the axes involved have reached position. That is, when all their "In-Position" outputs are high.
When operating in G05, the CNC acts as follows:
When the axis enters the stopping zone (at a P904, P905, P906, P907 distance from the target point), the CNC deactivates the "Slow" output and it does not issue the
"Brake" signal or the "In-Position" signal.
The CNC considers the block execution concluded when all the axes involved have entered the stopping zone. In other words, when all their "Slow" outputs are set low
(deactivated).
Example:
N00 G90 G07 X20 Y5
N10 G05 X40 Y7
N20 X60 Y2
N30 X80
N40 G07 X100 Y-2
N50 M30
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
AUTOMATIC &
SINGLE BLOCK
Page
7
3.5.2 SINGLE BLOCK EXECUTION
When operating in Single-Block mode, the CNC ignores function G05 and executes all the movements as if they were programmed in G07.
The CNC considers the execution of the block concluded when all the involved axes have reached position. In other words, when all their "In-Position" outputs are high.
If while executing a G05 in Automatic mode, you switch to Single Block mode, the CNC will execute this block in G07 and it will generate the "Brake" and "In-Position" signals at the end of the block.
3.5.3 MANUAL FEEDRATE OVERRIDE SWITCH
When selecting any position between 4% and 120% of the
%Feed area, the Fast/Slow sequence will be the one described earlier.
When selecting the 2% position of the %Feed area, the
CNC always applies the "Slow " feed.
In other words, if while being the "Fast" output active, the
2% position is selected, the CNC cancels the "Fast" output and it activates the "Slow" output, instead.
When selecting the 0% position of the %Feed area, any JOG position or any Handwheel position ( ), the CNC will stop the axes cancelling the "Fast" and "Slow" outputs. It does not change the status of the "Brake" and "In-Position" outputs.
3.5.4 CYCLE STOP AND FEEDHOLD SIGNALS
Whenever the key is pressed, the "Cycle Stop" input is set low (pin 16 of connector
I/O1 to 0V) or the Feedhold input is set low (pin 15 of connector I/O1 to 0V), the CNC behaves as follows:
* It stops the axes cancelling the "Fast" and "Slow" outputs.
* It does not change the status of the "Brake" and "In-Position" outputs.
If the Feedhold input was set low, when setting it back high, the "Fast" and "Slow" signals will recover their previous status.
Page
8
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
AUTOMATIC &
SINGLE BLOCK
3.6 JOG MODE
When operating in JOG mode, the CNC maintains the "In-Position" signals low. It does not generate these signals at the end of the movement.
Next, a description of the CNC's behavior in each of the MFO switch position:
3.6.1 % FEED AREA (CONTINUOUS JOG)
When selecting any of the positions between 2% and 120%, the movements are carried out at "Slow" feed. When selecting the 0% position, the CNC inhibits the axes.
If while jogging the axes, the key is pressed, the CNC deactivates the "Slow" output and activates the "Fast" output. When releasing the key, the "Fast" output is set low and the "Slow" output is set back high.
Example:
3.6.2 INCREMENTAL JOG
Every time a JOG key is pressed, the CNC moves the axis the distance selected at the MFO switch (1, 10, 100, 1000 or 10000).
Depending on the selected distance and feedrate, the movement will be carried out at "Fast and Slow" or just at "Slow" feed.
The CNC also takes into account the "T1" and "T2" delays for treating the "Brake" signal.
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
JOG
Page
9
3.6.3 HANDWHEEL AREA
If while any handwheel position is selected ( ), an axis key is pressed or the axis selector button on the back of the Fagor 100P model handwheel is pressed, the CNC sets the "Brake" output high.
From this moment on, the CNC will move the axis depending on the feedback pulses provided by the handwheel and applying the x1, x10 or x100 multiplying factor currently selected at the MFO switch.
Depending on the pulses received, on the selected MFO position and feedrate, the movement will be carried out at "Fast and Slow" feed or just at "Slow" feed.
The CNC also takes into account the "T1" and "T2" delays for treating the "Brake" signal.
Page
10
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
JOG
3.7 HOME SEARCH
Although it is possible to program the home search on several axes in the same block, the
CNC homes the axes one at a time as described below:
The axis has a home switch:
The homing direction is set by machine parameters "P623(8), P623(7), P623(6),
P623(5)".
The axis moves at "Fast" feed until the home switch is pressed. Once the home switch is pressed, the axis changes to "Slow" feed until the home pulse (marker pulse Io) of the feedback system is detected.
Atention:
If, when initiating the homing process, the home switch is being pressed, the axis will reverse until the switch is released before resuming the home search.
When homing in JOG mode, the CNC does not activate the "In-Position" signal.
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
HOME SEARCH
Page
11
The axis does not have a home switch:
The moving direction is set by machine parameters "P623(8), P623(7), P623(6),
P623(5)".
The axis moves at "Slow" feed until the marker pulse (Io) from the feedback device is detected.
Atention:
When homing in JOG mode, the CNC does not activate the "In-Position" signal.
Page
12
Chapter: 3
NON-SERVO CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP MOTORS
Section:
HOME SEARCH
advertisement
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Key Features
- Controls up to 5 axes
- High-speed processing
- Easy to use
- Open loop motors without servodrives
- Laser machines
- JIG Grinders