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MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE
Design Guide
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 www.danfoss.com/drives
Contents VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Manual
1.2 Document and Software Version
1.3 Safety Symbols
1.4 Abbreviations
1.5 Additional Resources
1.6 Definitions
1.7 Power Factor
2 Product Overview
2.1 Safety
2.2 CE Labeling
2.3 Air Humidity
2.4 Aggressive Environments
2.5 Vibration and Shock
2.6 Advantages
2.7 Control Structures
2.7.2 Control Structure Open Loop
2.7.4 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control
2.7.5 Control Structure Closed Loop
2.7.8 Closed Loop Set-up Wizard
2.7.9 Tuning the Drive Closed Loop Controller
2.8 General Aspects of EMC
2.9 Galvanic Isolation (PELV)
2.10 Earth Leakage Current
2.11 Extreme Running Conditions
3 Selection
3.1 Options and Accessories
3.1.1 Local Control Panel (LCP)
3.1.2 Mounting of LCP in Panel Front
3.1.3 IP21/TYPE 1 Enclosure Kit
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Contents VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
4 How to Order
4.1 Configuration
4.2 Ordering Numbers
5 How to Install
5.1 Mechanical Dimensions
5.1.1 Frequency Converter Dimensions
5.1.3 Side-by-Side Installation
5.2 Electrical Data
5.2.1 Electrical Installation in General
5.2.2 Connecting to Mains and Motor
5.2.3 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
6 How to Programme
6.1 Programming with MCT 10 Set-up Software
6.2 Local Control Panel (LCP)
6.3 Menus
6.3.3 Start-up Wizard for Open Loop Applications
6.4 Quick Transfer of Parameter Settings between Multiple Frequency Converters
6.5 Read-out and Programming of Indexed Parameters
6.6 Initialise the Frequency Converter to Default Settings in two Ways
7 RS-485 Installation and Set-up
7.1 RS-485
7.1.3 Frequency Converter Hardware Set-up
7.1.4 Frequency Converter Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication
7.2 FC Protocol Overview
7.3 Network Configuration
7.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure
7.4.1 Content of a Character (byte)
7.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR)
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7.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter
7.5 Examples
7.6 Modbus RTU Overview
7.6.2 What the User Should Already Know
7.6.4 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU
7.7 Network Configuration
7.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure
7.8.1 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU
7.8.2 Modbus RTU Message Structure
7.8.8 Coil Register Addressing
7.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Converter
7.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU
7.9 How to Access Parameters
7.10 Examples
7.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 HEX)
7.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 HEX)
7.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F HEX)
7.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 HEX)
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Contents VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8 General Specifications and Troubleshooting
8.1 Mains Supply Specifications
8.1.1 Mains Supply 3x200-240 V AC
8.1.2 Mains Supply 3x380-480 V AC
8.1.3 Mains Supply 3x380-480 V AC
8.1.4 Mains Supply 3x525-600 V AC
8.2 General Specifications
8.3 Acoustic Noise or Vibration
8.4 dU/Dt
8.5 Derating according to Ambient Temperature and Switching Frequency
Index
7.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 HEX)
7.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 HEX)
7.11 Danfoss FC Control Profile
7.11.1 Control Word According to FC Profile (8-10 Protocol = FC profile)
7.11.2 Status Word According to FC Profile (STW) (
8-30 Protocol
7.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value
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Introduction
1 Introduction
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
1.1 Purpose of the Manual
This design guide provides information on how to select, commission and order a frequency converter. It provides information about mechanical and electrical installation.
The design guide is intended for use by qualified personnel.
Read and follow the design guide to use the frequency converter safely and professionally, and pay particular attention to the safety instructions and general warnings.
1.2 Document and Software Version
This manual is regularly reviewed and updated. All suggestions for improvement are welcome.
shows the document version and the corresponding software version.
Edition
MG18C5xx
Remarks
Replaces MG18C4xx
Table 1.1 Document and Software Version
Software version
2.51
1.3 Safety Symbols
The following symbols are used in this document.
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which could result in minor or moderate injury. It may also be used to alert against unsafe practices.
NOTICE
Indicates important information, including situations that may result in damage to equipment or property.
1.4 Abbreviations
Alternating current
American wire gauge
Ampere/AMP
Automatic Motor Adaptation
Current limit
Degrees Celsius
Direct current
Electro Magnetic Compatibility
Electronic Thermal Relay
Frequency Converter
Gram
Hertz
Kilohertz
Local Control Panel
Meter
Millihenry Inductance
Milliampere
Millisecond
Minute
Motion Control Tool
Nanofarad
Newton Meters
Nominal motor current
Nominal motor frequency
Nominal motor power
Nominal motor voltage
Protective Extra Low Voltage
Printed Circuit Board
Rated Inverter Output Current
Revolutions Per Minute
Regenerative terminals
Second
Synchronous Motor Speed
Torque limit
Volts
The maximum output current
The rated output current supplied by the frequency converter
Table 1.2 Abbreviations s n s
PCB
I
INV
RPM
Regen
T
LIM
V
I
VLT,MAX min
MCT nF
Nm
I
M,N f
M,N
P
M,N
U
M,N
PELV
I
VLT,N
AC
Hz kHz
LCP m mH mA ms
AWG
A
AMA
I
LIM
° C
DC
EMC
ETR
FC g
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1.5 Additional Resources
•
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Quick Guide
•
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Programming Guide provides information on how to programme and includes complete parameter descriptions.
•
VLT
®
HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide entails all technical information about the frequency converter and customer design and applications.
• MCT 10 Set-up Software enables the user to configure the frequency converter from a
Windows ™ based PC environment.
•
Danfoss VLT ® Energy Box software at www.danfoss.com/BusinessAreas/DrivesSolutions then select PC Software Download.
VLT ® Energy Box Software allows energy consumption comparisons of HVAC fans and pumps driven by Danfoss frequency converters and alternative methods of flow control. This tool may be used to project, as accurately as possible, the costs, savings, and payback of using Danfoss frequency converters on HVAC fans and pumps.
Danfoss technical literature is available in print from your local Danfoss Sales Office or at: www.danfoss.com/BusinessAreas/DrivesSolutions/
Documentations/Technical+Documentation.htm
1.6 Definitions
Frequency Converter
I
VLT,MAX
The maximum output current.
I
VLT,N
The rated output current supplied by the frequency converter.
U
VLT, MAX
The maximum output voltage.
Input
The connected motor can start and stop with LCP and the digital inputs.
Functions are divided into 2 groups.
Functions in group 1 have higher priority than functions in group 2.
Group
1
Group
2
Reset, Coasting stop,
Reset and Coasting stop,
Quick-stop, DC braking,
Stop and the [Off] key.
Start, Pulse start,
Reversing, Start reversing,
Jog and Freeze output
Table 1.3 Control Commands
Motor f
JOG
The motor frequency when the jog function is activated
(via digital terminals).
f
M
The motor frequency.
f
MAX
The maximum motor frequency.
f
MIN
The minimum motor frequency.
f
M,N
The rated motor frequency (nameplate data).
I
M
The motor current.
I
M,N
The rated motor current (nameplate data).
n
M,N
The rated motor speed (nameplate data).
P
M,N
The rated motor power (nameplate data).
U
M
The instantaneous motor voltage.
U
M,N
The rated motor voltage (nameplate data).
Break-away torque
Torque
Pull-out
Illustration 1.1 Break-away Torque rpm
η
VLT
The efficiency of the frequency converter is defined as the ratio between the power output and the power input.
Start-disable command
A stop command belonging to the group 1 control commands, see
Stop command
See Control commands.
References
Analog reference
A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54, can be voltage or current.
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Bus reference
A signal transmitted to the serial communication port (FC port).
Preset reference
A defined preset reference to be set from -100% to +100% of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references via the digital terminals.
Ref
MAX
Determines the relationship between the reference input at 100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and the resulting reference. The maximum reference value set in
3-03 Maximum Reference .
Ref
MIN
Determines the relationship between the reference input at 0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting reference. The minimum reference value set in
3-02 Minimum Reference
Miscellaneous
Analog inputs
The analog inputs are used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.
There are 2 types of analog inputs:
Current input, 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA
Voltage input, 0-10 V DC.
Analog outputs
The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0-20 mA, 4-20 mA, or a digital signal.
Automatic Motor Adaptation, AMA
AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters for the connected motor at standstill.
Digital inputs
The digital inputs can be used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.
Digital outputs
The frequency converter features 2 Solid State outputs that can supply a 24 V DC (max. 40 mA) signal.
Relay outputs
The frequency converter features 2 programmable Relay
Outputs.
ETR
Electronic Thermal Relay is a thermal load calculation based on present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate the motor temperature.
Initialising
If initialising is carried out ( 14-22 Operation Mode ), the programmable parameters of the frequency converter return to their default settings.
Initialising; 14-22 Operation Mode does not initialise communication parameters.
Intermittent duty cycle
An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an off-load period. The operation can be either periodic duty or noneperiodic duty.
LCP
The Local Control Panel (LCP) makes up a complete interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The control panel is detachable and can be installed up to 3 m from the frequency converter, i.e. in a front panel by means of the installation kit option.
lsb
Least significant bit.
MCM
Short for Mille Circular Mil, an American measuring unit for cable cross-section. 1 MCM ≡ 0.5067 mm 2 .
msb
Most significant bit.
On-line/Off-line parameters
Changes to on-line parameters are activated immediately after the data value is changed. Press [OK] to activate offline parameters.
PI controller
The PI controller maintains the desired speed, pressure, temperature, etc. by adjusting the output frequency to match the varying load.
RCD
Residual Current Device.
Set-up
Parameter settings in 2 set-ups can be saved. Change between the 2 parameter set-ups and edit one set-up, while another set-up is active.
Slip compensation
The frequency converter compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement that follows the measured motor load keeping the motor speed almost constant.
Smart Logic Control (SLC)
The SLC is a sequence of user defined actions executed when the associated user defined events are evaluated as true by the SLC.
Thermistor
A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the temperature is to be monitored (frequency converter or motor).
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Trip
A state entered in fault situations, e.g. if the frequency converter is subject to an over-temperature or when the frequency converter is protecting the motor, process or mechanism. Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault has disappeared and the trip state is cancelled by activating reset or, in some cases, by being programmed to reset automatically. Trip may not be used for personal safety.
Trip locked
A state entered in fault situations when the frequency converter is protecting itself and requiring physical intervention, for example, if the frequency converter is subject to a short circuit on the output. A locked trip can only be cancelled by cutting off mains, removing the cause of the fault, and reconnecting the frequency converter.
Restart is prevented until the trip state is cancelled by activating reset or, in some cases, by being programmed to reset automatically. Trip locked may not be used for personal safety.
VT characteristics
Variable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans.
VVC plus
If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control,
Voltage Vector Control (VVC plus ) improves the dynamics and the stability, both when the speed reference is changed and in relation to the load torque.
1.7 Power Factor
The power factor is the relation between I
1
and I
RMS
.
Power factor =
3 × U × I1 × COSϕ
3 × U × IRMS
The power factor for 3-phase control:
=
I1 × cosϕ1
IRMS
=
I1
IRMS since cosϕ1 = 1
The power factor indicates to which extent the frequency converter imposes a load on the mains supply.
The lower the power factor, the higher the I
RMS
for the same kW performance.
IRMS = I1
2 + I 2 + I
7
2 + . . + In2
In addition, a high power factor indicates that the different harmonic currents are low.
The frequency converters built-in DC coils produce a high power factor, which minimizes the imposed load on the mains supply.
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2 Product Overview
2.1 Safety
2.1.1 Safety Note
WARNING
DANGEROUS VOLTAGE
The voltage of the frequency converter is dangerous whenever connected to mains. Incorrect installation of the motor, frequency converter or fieldbus may cause death, serious personal injury or damage to the equipment. Consequently, the instructions in this manual, as well as national and local rules and safety regulations, must be complied with.
Safety Regulations
1.
Disconnect the frequency converter from mains, if repair work is to be carried out. Check that the mains supply has been disconnected and that the necessary time has passed before removing motor and mains plugs.
2.
3.
The [Off/Reset] key does not disconnect the equipment from mains and is thus not to be used as a safety switch.
Correct protective earthing of the equipment must be established, the user must be protected against supply voltage, and the motor must be protected against overload in accordance with applicable national and local regulations.
4.
5.
The earth leakage currents are higher than 3.5
mA.
Protection against motor overload is set by
1-90 Motor Thermal Protection . If this function is desired, set 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to data value [4], [6], [8], [10] ETR trip] or data value [3],
[5], [7], [9]ETR warning .
Note: The function is initialised at 1.16 x rated motor current and rated motor frequency. For the
North American market: The ETR functions provide class 20 motor overload protection in accordance with NEC.
6.
7.
Do not remove the plugs for the motor and mains supply while the frequency converter is connected to mains. Check that the mains supply has been disconnected and that the necessary time has elapsed before removing motor and mains plugs.
Check that all voltage inputs have been disconnected and that the necessary time has elapsed before commencing repair work.
Installation at high altitudes
CAUTION
At altitudes above 2 km, contact
Danfoss regarding PELV.
WARNING
UNINTENDED START
1.
2.
The motor can be brought to a stop with digital commands, bus commands, references or a local stop, while the frequency converter is connected to mains. These stop functions are not sufficient to avoid unintended start and thus prevent personal injury.
While parameters are being changed, the motor may start. Consequently, always activate the stop key [Off/Reset] before modifying data.
3.
A motor that has been stopped may start if faults occur in the electronics of the frequency converter, or if a temporary overload or a fault in the supply mains or the motor connection ceases.
WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE
Frequency converters contain high voltage when connected to AC mains input power. Installation, start up, and maintenance should be performed by qualified personnel only. Failure to perform installation, start up, and maintenance by qualified personnel could result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
UNINTENDED START
When the frequency converter is connected to AC mains, the motor may start at any time. The frequency converter, motor, and any driven equipment must be in operational readiness. Failure to be in operational readiness when the frequency converter is connected to
AC mains could result in death, serious injury, equipment, or property damage.
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WARNING
DISCHARGE TIME
Frequency converters contain DC-link capacitors that can remain charged even when the frequency converter is not powered. To avoid electrical hazards, disconnect AC mains, any permanent magnet type motors, and any remote DC-link power supplies, including battery backups, UPS and DC-link connections to other frequency converters. Wait for the capacitors to fully discharge before performing any service or repair work.
The amount of wait time is listed in the Discharge Time table. Failure to wait the specified time after power has been removed before doing service or repair could result in death or serious injury.
Voltage [V] Power range [kW]
3x200
3x200
3x400
3x400
3x600
3x600
Table 2.1 Discharge Time
0.25–3.7
5.5–45
0.37–7.5
11–90
2.2–7.5
11–90
Minimum waiting time
[min]
4
15
4
15
4
15
2.1.2 Disposal Instruction
Equipment containing electrical components may not be disposed of together with domestic waste.
It must be separately collected with electrical and electronic waste according to local and currently valid legislation.
2.2 CE Labeling
2.2.1 CE Conformity and Labeling
What is CE Conformity and Labeling?
The purpose of CE labeling is to avoid technical trade obstacles within EFTA and the EU. The EU has introduced the CE label as a simple way of showing whether a product complies with the relevant EU directives. The CE label says nothing about the specifications or quality of the product. Frequency converters are regulated by three
EU directives:
The machinery directive (98/37/EEC)
All machines with critical moving parts are covered by the machinery directive of January 1, 1995. Since a frequency converter is largely electrical, it does not fall under the machinery directive. However, if a frequency converter is supplied for use in a machine, Danfoss provides information on safety aspects relating to the frequency converter. Danfoss do this by means of a manufacturer's declaration.
The low-voltage directive (73/23/EEC)
Frequency converters must be CE labeled in accordance with the low-voltage directive of January 1, 1997. The directive applies to all electrical equipment and appliances used in the 50-1000 V AC and the 75-1500 V DC voltage ranges. Danfoss CE-labels in accordance with the directive and issues a declaration of conformity upon request.
The EMC directive (89/336/EEC)
EMC is short for electromagnetic compatibility. The presence of electromagnetic compatibility means that the mutual interference between different components/ appliances does not affect the way the appliances work.
The EMC directive came into effect January 1, 1996.
Danfoss CE-labels in accordance with the directive and issues a declaration of conformity upon request. To carry out EMC-correct installation, see the instructions in this
Design Guide. In addition, Danfossspecifies which standards our products comply with. Danfossoffers the filters presented in the specifications and provide other types of assistance to ensure the optimum EMC result.
The frequency converter is most often used by professionals of the trade as a complex component forming part of a larger appliance, system or installation. It must be noted that the responsibility for the final EMC properties of the appliance, system or installation rests with the installer.
2.2.2 What is Covered
The EU " Guidelines on the Application of Council Directive
89/336/EEC " outline three typical situations of using a frequency converter. See
2.2.3 Danfoss Frequency Converter and CE Labeling
for EMC coverage and CE labeling.
1.
2.
The frequency converter is sold directly to the end-consumer. The frequency converter is for example sold to a DIY market. The end-consumer is a layman. He installs the frequency converter himself for use with a hobby machine, a kitchen appliance, etc. For such applications, the frequency converter must be CE labeled in accordance with the EMC directive.
The frequency converter is sold for installation in a plant. The plant is built up by professionals of the trade. It could be a production plant or a heating/ventilation plant designed and installed by professionals of the trade. Neither the frequency converter nor the finished plant has to be CE labeled under the EMC directive. However, the unit must comply with the basic EMC requirements of the directive. This is ensured by using components, appliances, and systems that are CE labeled under the EMC directive.
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3.
The frequency converter is sold as part of a complete system. The system is being marketed as complete and could for example, be an airconditioning system. The complete system must be CE labeled in accordance with the EMC directive. The manufacturer can ensure CE labeling under the EMC directive either by using
CE labeled components or by testing the EMC of the system. If only CE labeled components are chosen, the entire system does not have to be tested.
2.2.3 Danfoss Frequency Converter and CE
Labeling
CE labeling is a positive feature when used for its original purpose, that is, to facilitate trade within the EU and EFTA.
However, CE labeling may cover many different specifications. Check what a given CE label specifically covers.
The covered specifications can be very different and a CE label may therefore give the installer a false feeling of security when using a frequency converter as a component in a system or an appliance.
Danfoss CE labels the frequency converters in accordance with the low-voltage directive. This means that if the frequency converter is installed correctly, Danfoss guarantees compliance with the low-voltage directive.
Danfoss issues a declaration of conformity that confirms our CE labeling in accordance with the low-voltage directive.
The CE label also applies to the EMC directive provided that the instructions for EMC-correct installation and filtering are followed. On this basis, a declaration of conformity in accordance with the EMC directive is issued.
The Design Guide offers detailed instructions for installation to ensure EMC-correct installation. Furthermore,
Danfoss specifies which our different products comply with.
Danfoss provides other types of assistance that can help to obtain the best EMC result.
2.2.4 Compliance with EMC Directive
89/336/EEC
As mentioned, the frequency converter is mostly used by professionals of the trade as a complex component forming part of a larger appliance, system, or installation. It must be noted that the responsibility for the final EMC properties of the appliance, system or installation rests with the installer. As an aid to the installer, Danfoss has prepared EMC installation guidelines for the Power Drive system. The standards and test levels stated for Power
Drive systems are complied with, if the EMC-correct instructions for installation are followed.
2.3 Air Humidity
The frequency converter has been designed to meet the
IEC/EN 60068-2-3 standard, EN 50178 9.4.2.2 at 50 ° C.
2.4 Aggressive Environments
A frequency converter contains many mechanical and electronic components. All are to some extent vulnerable to environmental effects.
CAUTION
The frequency converter should not be installed in environments with airborne liquids, particles, or gases capable of affecting and damaging the electronic components. Failure to take the necessary protective measures increases the risk of stoppages, thus reducing the life of the frequency converter.
Liquids can be carried through the air and condense in the frequency converter and may cause corrosion of components and metal parts. Steam, oil, and salt water may cause corrosion of components and metal parts. In such environments, use equipment with enclosure rating
IP54. As an extra protection, coated printed circuit boards can be ordered as an option. (Standard on some power sizes.)
Airborne particles such as dust may cause mechanical, electrical, or thermal failure in the frequency converter. A typical indicator of excessive levels of airborne particles is dust particles around the frequency converter fan. In dusty environments, use equipment with enclosure rating IP54 or a cabinet for IP20/TYPE 1 equipment.
In environments with high temperatures and humidity, corrosive gases such as sulphur, nitrogen, and chlorine compounds causes chemical processes on the frequency converter components.
Such chemical reactions rapidly affects and damages the electronic components. In such environments, mount the equipment in a cabinet with fresh air ventilation, keeping aggressive gases away from the frequency converter.
An extra protection in such areas is a coating of the printed circuit boards, which can be ordered as an option.
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NOTICE
Mounting frequency converters in aggressive environments increases the risk of stoppages and considerably reduces the life of the frequency converter.
Before installing the frequency converter, check the ambient air for liquids, particles, and gases. This is done by observing existing installations in this environment. Typical indicators of harmful airborne liquids are water or oil on metal parts, or corrosion of metal parts.
Excessive dust particle levels are often found on installation cabinets and existing electrical installations. One indicator of aggressive airborne gases is blackening of copper rails and cable ends on existing installations.
2.5 Vibration and Shock
The frequency converter has been tested according to the procedure based on the shown standards,
The frequency converter complies with requirements that exist for units mounted on the walls and floors of production premises, as well as in panels bolted to walls or floors.
IEC/EN 60068-2-6
IEC/EN 60068-2-64
Table 2.2 Standards
Vibration (sinusoidal) - 1970
Vibration, broad-band random
2.6 Advantages
2.6.1 Why use a Frequency Converter for
Controlling Fans and Pumps?
A frequency converter takes advantage of the fact that centrifugal fans and pumps follow the laws of proportionality for such fans and pumps. For further information see
2.6.3 Example of Energy Savings
.
2.6.2 The Clear Advantage - Energy Savings
The clear advantage of using a frequency converter for controlling the speed of fans or pumps lies in the electricity savings.
When comparing with alternative control systems and technologies, a frequency converter is the optimum energy control system for controlling fan and pump systems.
120
100
80
60
40
20
C
B
A
SYSTEM CURVE
FAN CURVE
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
VOLUME%
Illustration 2.1 Fan Curves (A, B, and C) for Reduced Fan
Volumes
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
C
B
A
SYSTEM CURVE
FAN CURVE
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Voume %
120
100
40
20
80
60
ENERGY
CONSUMED
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Voume %
Illustration 2.2 When using a frequency converter to reduce fan capacity to 60% - more than 50% energy savings may be obtained in typical applications.
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2.6.3 Example of Energy Savings
As shown in
changing the RPM. By reducing the speed only 20% from the rated speed, the flow is also reduced by 20%. This is because the flow is directly proportional to the RPM. The consumption of electricity, however, is reduced by 50%.
If the system in question only needs to be able to supply a flow that corresponds to 100% a few days in a year, while the average is below 80% of the rated flow for the remainder of the year, the amount of energy saved is even more than 50%.
describes the dependence of flow, pressure and power consumption on RPM.
Q=Flow
Q
1
=Rated flow
P=Power
P
1
=Rated power
Q
2
=Reduced flow
H=Pressure
H
1
=Rated pressure
H
2
=Reduced pressure
P
2
=Reduced power n=Speed regulation n
1
=Rated speed n
2
=Reduced speed
Table 2.3 The Laws of Proportionality
2.6.4 Comparison of Energy Savings
The Danfoss frequency converter solution offers major savings compared with traditional energy saving solutions.
This is because the frequency converter is able to control fan speed according to thermal load on the system and the fact that the frequency converter has a built-in facility that enables the frequency converter to function as a
Building Management System, BMS.
shows typical energy savings obtainable with 3 well-known solutions when fan volume is reduced to i.e. 60%.
As the graph shows, more than 50% energy savings can be achieved in typical applications.
Discharge damper
Less energy savings
100%
80%
2 2
Flow ~n
50%
Pressure ~n 2
25%
12,5%
Power ~n 3
50%
Illustration 2.3 Laws of Proportionally
80% 100% n
Flow :
Power :
Q1
Q2
Pressure :
P1
P2
=
H1
H2
=
( n1 n2
=
( n1 n2
3 ) n1 n2
2 )
Maximum energy savings
IGV
Costlier installation
Illustration 2.4 The 3 Common Energy Saving Systems
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2 2
100
80
60
40
20
Discharge Damper Solution
IGV Solution
VLT Solution
0
0 60 0
Volume %
Illustration 2.5 Energy Savings
60 0 60
(mwg)
60
H s
50
B
40
30
20
10
0 100
C
750rpm
200
1050rpm
300
A
1350rpm
1650rpm
400
( m 3 /h )
(kW)
60
P shaft
50
40
30
20
B 1 1350rpm
10
C 1
750rpm
0 100
Illustration 2.7 Energy
1050rpm
200 300
A 1
1650rpm
400 ( m 3 /h )
Discharge dampers reduce power consumption somewhat.
Inlet Guide Vans offer a 40% reduction but are expensive to install. The Danfoss frequency converter solution reduces energy consumption with more than 50% and is easy to install.
2.6.5 Example with Varying Flow over 1
Year
This example is calculated based on pump characteristics obtained from a pump datasheet.
The result obtained shows energy savings in excess of 50% at the given flow distribution over a year. The pay back period depends on the price per kWh and price of frequency converter. In this example it is less than a year when compared with valves and constant speed.
Energy savings
P shaft
=P shaft output
Illustration 2.6 Flow Distribution over 1 Year m h
3 / Distribution
Valve regulation
% Hours Power Consumption
A
1
- B
1 kWh
350 5 438 42.5
300 15 1314 38.5
250 20 1752 35.0
200 20 1752 31.5
18.615
50.589
61.320
55.188
150 20 1752 28.0
100 20 1752 23.0
Σ 100 8760
49.056
40.296
275.064
Table 2.4 Result
Frequency converter control
Power Consumption
A
1
- C
1 kWh
42.5
29.0
18.5
11.5
18.615
38.106
32.412
20.148
6.5
3.5
11.388
6.132
26.801
2.6.6 Better Control
If a frequency converter is used for controlling the flow or pressure of a system, improved control is obtained.
A frequency converter can vary the speed of the fan or pump, obtaining variable control of flow and pressure.
Furthermore, a frequency converter can quickly adapt the speed of the fan or pump to new flow or pressure conditions in the system.
Simple control of process (Flow, Level or Pressure) utilising the built-in PI control.
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500
400
300
200
800
700
600
100
0
0
2.6.7 Star/Delta Starter or Soft Starter not
Required
When larger motors are started, it is necessary in many countries to use equipment that limits the start-up current.
In more traditional systems, a star/delta starter or soft starter is widely used. Such motor starters are not required if a frequency converter is used.
As illustrated in
not consume more than rated current.
12,5
1
25
3
2
4
37,5 50Hz
Full load
& speed
Illustration 2.8 Start-up Current
2.6.8 Using a Frequency Converter Saves
Money
Example
2.6.9 Without a Frequency Converter
shows that a lot of equipment is not required when a frequency converter is used. It is possible to calculate the cost of installing the 2 different systems. In the example, the 2 systems can be established at roughly the same price.
1 VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101
2 Star/delta starter
3 Soft-starter
4 Start directly on mains
Table 2.5 Legend to
2 2
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2.6.9 Without a Frequency Converter
Cooling section Heating section Inlet guide vane Fan section
Fan
M +
Return Flow valve
Bypass
Flow
3-Port
Bypass
Control x6
IGV
Motor
M x6
Pump
Starter
Fuses
M x6
Pump
Starter
Fuses
Control
Starter
P.F.C
Mains Mains
Illustration 2.9 Traditional Fan System
P.F.C
Mains
D.D.C.
E.M.S.
Direct Digital Control
Energy Management system
V.A.V.
Variable Air Volume
Sensor P Pressure
Sensor T Temperature
Table 2.6 Abbreviations used in
2.6.10 With a Frequency Converter
Cooling section Heating section Fan section
Return
-
Flow Return
+
Flow x3
M Pump x3
VLT
M
Pump x3
VLT VLT
Duct
V.A.V
outlets
Mains
0-10V
0/4-20mA
Mains
Mains
Illustration 2.10 Fan System Controlled by Frequency
Converters
Duct
D.D.C.
E.M.S.
Direct Digital Control
Energy Management system
V.A.V.
Variable Air Volume
Sensor P Pressure
Sensor T Temperature
Table 2.7 Abbreviations used in
control
0/10V
V.A.V
outlets
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2.6.11 Application Examples
The next pages provide typical examples of applications within HVAC.
For further information about a given application, ask the
Danfoss supplier for an information sheet that gives a full description of the application. The following application notes can be downloaded from the Danfoss web page, www.danfoss.com/BusinessAreas/DrivesSolutions/
Documentations/Technical+Documentation.htm
Variable Air Volume
Ask for The Drive to...Improving Variable Air Volume
Ventilation Systems, MN60A .
Constant Air Volume
Ask for The Drive to...Improving Constant Air Volume
Ventilation Systems, MN60B .
Cooling Tower Fan
Ask for The Drive to...Improving fan control on cooling towers, MN60C .
Condenser pumps
Ask for The Drive to...Improving condenser water pumping systems, MN60F .
Primary pumps
Ask for The Drive to...Improve your primary pumping in primary/secondary pumping systems, MN60D .
Secondary pumps
Ask for The Drive to...Improve your secondary pumping in primary/secondary pumping systems, MN60E .
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2 2
2.6.12 Variable Air Volume
VAV, or Variable Air Volume systems, control both the ventilation and temperature to satisfy the requirements of a building. Central VAV systems are considered to be the most energy efficient method to air condition buildings. By designing central systems instead of distributed systems, a greater efficiency can be obtained.
The efficiency comes from utilising larger fans and larger chillers which have much higher efficiencies than small motors and distributed air-cooled chillers. Savings are also seen from the decreased maintenance requirements.
2.6.13 The VLT Solution
While dampers and IGVs work to maintain a constant pressure in the ductwork, a frequency converter solution saves much more energy and reduces the complexity of the installation. Instead of creating an artificial pressure drop or causing a decrease in fan efficiency, the frequency converter decreases the speed of the fan to provide the flow and pressure required by the system.
Centrifugal devices such as fans behave according to the centrifugal laws. This means the fans decrease the pressure and flow they produce as their speed is reduced. Their power consumption is thereby significantly reduced.
The PI controller of the VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive can be used to eliminate the need for additional controllers.
D1
D2
Cooling coil Heating coil
Filter
Frequency converter
Pressure signal
Supply fan
3
Flow
Pressure transmitter
Frequency converter
Return fan
3
Flow
VAV boxes
T
D3
Illustration 2.11 Variable Air Volume
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2.6.14 Constant Air Volume
CAV, or Constant Air Volume systems, are central ventilation systems usually used to supply large common zones with the minimum amounts of fresh tempered air.
They preceded VAV systems and are therefore found in older multi-zoned commercial buildings as well. These systems preheat amounts of fresh air utilising Air Handling
Units (AHUs) with a heating coil, and many are also used to air condition buildings and have a cooling coil. Fan coil units are frequently used to assist in the heating and cooling requirements in the individual zones.
2.6.15 The VLT Solution
With a frequency converter, significant energy savings can be obtained while maintaining decent control of the building. Temperature sensors or CO
2 sensors can be used as feedback signals to frequency converters. Whether controlling temperature, air quality, or both, a CAV system can be controlled to operate based on actual building conditions. As the number of people in the controlled area decreases, the need for fresh air decreases. The CO
2
sensor detects lower levels and decreases the supply fans speed.
The return fan modulates to maintain a static pressure setpoint or fixed difference between the supply and return air flows.
With temperature control, especially used in air conditioning systems, as the outside temperature varies as well as the number of people in the controlled zone changes, different cooling requirements exist. As the temperature decreases below the set-point, the supply fan can decrease its speed. The return fan modulates to maintain a static pressure set-point. By decreasing the air flow, energy used to heat or cool the fresh air is also reduced, adding further savings.
Several features of the Danfoss HVAC dedicated frequency converter can be utilised to improve the performance of the CAV system. One concern of controlling a ventilation system is poor air quality. The programmable minimum frequency can be set to maintain a minimum amount of supply air regardless of the feedback or reference signal.
The frequency converter also includes one PI controller, which allows monitoring both temperature and air quality.
Even if the temperature requirement is satisfied, the frequency converter maintains enough supply air to satisfy the air quality sensor. The controller is capable of monitoring and comparing 2 feedback signals to control the return fan by maintaining a fixed differential air flow between the supply and return ducts as well.
2 2
Cooling coil Heating coil
Filter
Frequency converter
Temperature signal
Supply fan
D1
Temperature transmitter
D2
Pressure signal
Frequency converter
Return fan
Pressure transmitter
D3
Illustration 2.12 Constant Air Volume
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2.6.16 Cooling Tower Fan
Cooling Tower Fans cool condenser water in water cooled chiller systems. Water cooled chillers provide the most efficient means of creating chilled water. They are as much as 20% more efficient than air cooled chillers. Depending on climate, cooling towers are often the most energy efficient method of cooling the condenser water from chillers.
They cool the condenser water by evaporation.
The condenser water is sprayed into the cooling tower until the cooling towers “fill” to increase its surface area.
The tower fan blows air through the fill and sprayed water to aid in the evaporation. Evaporation removes energy from the water dropping its temperature. The cooled water collects in the cooling towers basin where it is pumped back into the chillers condenser and the cycle is repeated.
2.6.17 The VLT Solution
With a frequency converter, the cooling towers fans can be controlled to the required speed to maintain the condenser water temperature. The frequency converters can also be used to turn the fan on and off as needed.
Several features of the Danfoss HVAC dedicated frequency converter, the HVAC frequency converter can be utilised to improve the performance of cooling tower fans applications. As the cooling tower fans drop below a certain speed, the effect the fan has on cooling the water becomes small. Also, when utilising a gear-box to frequency control the tower fan, a minimum speed of
40-50% may be required.
The customer programmable minimum frequency setting is available to maintain this minimum frequency even as the feedback or speed reference calls for lower speeds.
Also as a standard feature, the frequency converter can be programmed to enter a “sleep” mode and stop the fan until a higher speed is required. Additionally, some cooling tower fans have undesireable frequencies that may cause vibrations. These frequencies can easily be avoided by programming the bypass frequency ranges in the frequency converter.
Frequency converter
Water Inlet
BASIN
Water Outlet
Temperature
Sensor
Conderser
Water pump
Supply
Illustration 2.13 Cooling Tower Fan
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2.6.18 Condenser Pumps
Condenser water pumps are primarily used to circulate water through the condenser section of water cooled chillers and their associated cooling tower. The condenser water absorbs the heat from the chiller's condenser section and releases it into the atmosphere in the cooling tower.
These systems are used to provide the most efficient means of creating chilled water, they are as much as 20% more efficient than air cooled chillers.
2.6.19 The VLT Solution
Frequency converters can be added to condenser water pumps instead of balancing the pumps with a throttling valve or trimming the pump impeller.
Using a frequency converter instead of a throttling valve simply saves the energy that would have been absorbed by the valve. This can amount to savings of 15-20% or more. Trimming the pump impeller is irreversible, thus if the conditions change and higher flow is required the impeller must be replaced.
2 2
Frequency converter
Water
Inlet
BASIN
Flow or pressure sensor
Water
Outlet
Condenser
Water pump
Throttling valve
Supply
Illustration 2.14 Condenser Pumps
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2.6.20 Primary Pumps
Primary pumps in a primary/secondary pumping system can be used to maintain a constant flow through devices that encounter operation or control difficulties when exposed to variable flow. The primary/secondary pumping technique decouples the “primary” production loop from the “secondary” distribution loop. This allows devices such as chillers to obtain constant design flow and operate properly while allowing the rest of the system to vary in flow.
As the evaporator flow rate decreases in a chiller, the chilled water begins to become over-chilled. As this happens, the chiller attempts to decrease its cooling capacity. If the flow rate drops far enough, or too quickly, the chiller cannot shed its load sufficiently and the chiller’s safety trips the chiller requiring a manual reset. This situation is common in large installations especially when 2 or more chillers in parallel are installed if primary/ secondary pumping is not utilised.
2.6.21 The VLT Solution
Depending on the size of the system and the size of the primary loop, the energy consumption of the primary loop can become substantial.
A frequency converter can be added to the primary system, to replace the throttling valve and/or trimming of the impellers, leading to reduced operating expenses. Two control methods are common:
Flow meter
Because the desired flow rate is known and is constant, a flow meter installed at the discharge of each chiller, can be used to control the pump directly. Using the built-in PI controller, the frequency converter always maintains the appropriate flow rate, even compensating for the changing resistance in the primary piping loop as chillers and their pumps are staged on and off.
Local speed determination
The operator simply decreases the output frequency until the design flow rate is achieved.
Using a frequency converter to decrease the pump speed is very similar to trimming the pump impeller, except it does not require any labor and the pump efficiency remains higher. The balancing contractor simply decreases the speed of the pump until the proper flow rate is achieved and leaves the speed fixed. The pump operates at this speed any time the chiller is staged on. Because the primary loop does not have control valves or other devices that can cause the system curve to change and the variance due to staging pumps and chillers on and off is usually small, this fixed speed remains appropriate. In the event the flow rate needs to be increased later in the systems life, the frequency convertercan simply increase the pump speed instead of requiring a new pump impeller.
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Product Overview
Flowmeter
F
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Flowmeter
F
2 2
Frequency converter
Illustration 2.15 Primary Pumps
Frequency converter
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2.6.22 Secondary Pumps
Secondary pumps in a primary/secondary chilled water pumping system distribute the chilled water to the loads from the primary production loop. The primary/secondary pumping system is used to hydronically de-couple one piping loop from another. In this case, the primary pump is used to maintain a constant flow through the chillers while allowing the secondary pumps to vary in flow, increase control and save energy.
If the primary/secondary design concept is not used and a variable volume system is designed, when the flow rate drops far enough or too quickly, the chiller cannot shed its load properly. The chiller’s low evaporator temperature safety then trips the chiller requiring a manual reset. This situation is common in large installations especially when 2 or more chillers in parallel are installed.
2.6.23 The VLT Solution
While the primary-secondary system with 2-way valves improves energy savings and eases system control problems, the true energy savings and control potential is realised by adding frequency converters.
With the proper sensor location, the addition of frequency converters allows the pumps to vary their speed to follow the system curve instead of the pump curve.
This results in the elimination of wasted energy and eliminates most of the over-pressurization, 2-way valves can be subjected too.
As the monitored loads are reached, the 2-way valves close down. This increases the differential pressure measured across the load and 2-way valve. As this differential pressure starts to rise, the pump is slowed to maintain the control head also called setpoint value. This set-point value is calculated by summing the pressure drop of the load and two way valve together under design conditions.
NOTICE
When running multiple pumps in parallel, they must run at the same speed to maximize energy savings, either with individual dedicated drives or one frequency converter running multiple pumps in parallel.
P
3
Frequency converter
Frequency converter
3
Illustration 2.16 Secondary Pumps
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2.7 Control Structures
2.7.1 Control Principle
1-00 Configuration Mode can be selected if open or closed loop is to be used.
2.7.2 Control Structure Open Loop
Reference handling
Remote reference
Auto mode
Hand mode
Local reference scaled to
Hz
Remote
Local
LCP Hand on, off and auto on keys
Illustration 2.17 Open Loop Structure
Reference
P 4-14
Motor speed high limit [Hz]
P 4-12
Motor speed low limit [Hz]
P 3-4* Ramp 1
P 3-5* Ramp 2
Ramp
100%
0%
100%
-100%
To motor control
P 4-10
Motor speed direction
In the configuration shown in
, 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [0] Open loop . The resulting reference from the reference handling system or the local reference is received and fed through the ramp limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor control. The output from the motor control is then limited by the maximum frequency limit.
2.7.3 PM/EC+ Motor Control
The Danfoss EC+ concept provides the possibitily for using high efficient PM motors (permanent magnet motors) in
IEC standard frame size operated by Danfoss frequency converters.
The commissioning procedure is comparable to the existing one for asynchronous (induction) motors by utilising the Danfoss VVC plus PM control strategy.
Customer advantages:
• Free choice of motor technology (permanent magnet or induction motor)
• Installation and operation as know on induction motors
• Manufacturer independent when selecting system components (e.g. motors)
•
Best system efficiency by selecting best components
• Possible retrofit of existing installations
•
Power range: 45 kW (200 V), 0.37-90 kW (400 V),
90 kW (600 V) for induction motors and 0.37-22 kW (400 V) for PM motors.
Current limitations for PM motors:
• Currently only supported up to 22 kW
• Currently limited to non salient type PM motors
• LC filters not supported together with PM motors
•
Over Voltage Control algorithm is not supported with PM motors
• Kinetic backup algorithm is not supported with
PM motors
• Support reduced AMA of the stator resistance Rs in the system only
• No stall detection
•
No ETR function
2 2
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2 2
2.7.4 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto
On) Control
The frequency converter can be operated manually via the local control panel (LCP) or remotely via analog/digital inputs or serial bus. If allowed in 0-40 [Hand on] Key on
LCP , 0-44 [Off/Reset] Key on LCP , and 0-42 [Auto on] Key on
LCP , it is possible to start and stop the frequency converter by LCP using the [Hand On] and [Off/Reset] keys. Alarms can be reset via the [Off/Reset] key.
Hand
On
Illustration 2.18 LCP Keys
Off
Reset
Auto
On
Local reference forces the configuration mode to open loop, independent on the setting of 1-00 Configuration
Mode .
Local Reference is restored at power-down.
2.7.5 Control Structure Closed Loop
The internal controller allows the frequency converter to become an integral part of the controlled system. The frequency converter receives a feedback signal from a sensor in the system. It then compares this feedback to a set-point reference value and determines the error, if any, between these 2 signals. It then adjusts the speed of the motor to correct this error.
For example, consider a pump application where the speed of a pump is to be controlled so that the static pressure in a pipe is constant. The desired static pressure value is supplied to the frequency converter as the setpoint reference. A static pressure sensor measures the actual static pressure in the pipe and supplies this to the frequency converter as a feedback signal. If the feedback signal is greater than the set-point reference, the frequency converter slows down to reduce the pressure. In a similar way, if the pipe pressure is lower than the setpoint reference, the frequency converter automatically speed up to increase the pressure provided by the pump.
100%
0%
Reference
+
_
S
*[-1]
Feedback
7-30 PI
Normal/Inverse
Control
Illustration 2.19 Control Structure Closed Loop
PI
100%
-100%
P 4-10
Motor speed direction
Scale to speed
To motor control
While the default values for the frequency converter’s
Closed Loop controller often provides satisfactory performance, the control of the system can often be optimized by adjusting some of the Closed Loop controller’s parameters.
2.7.6 Feedback Conversion
In some applications it may be useful to convert the feedback signal. One example of this is using a pressure signal to provide flow feedback. Since the square root of pressure is proportional to flow, the square root of the pressure signal yields a value proportional to the flow. See
.
Desired flow
Ref.
P 20-01
+
-
FB conversion
FB
PI
Flow
FB signal
P
P
Illustration 2.20 Feedback Signal Conversion
P
Flow
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2.7.7 Reference Handling
Details for Open Loop and Closed Loop operation.
Intern resource
Preset relative reference
±100%
Preset reference 0 ±100%
Preset reference 1 ±100%
Preset reference 2 ±100%
Preset reference 3 ±100%
Preset reference 4 ±100%
Preset reference 5 ±100%
Preset reference 6 ±100%
Preset reference 7 ±100%
Relative scalling reference
Input command: preset ref bit0, bit1, bit2
Preset reference
±100%
Input command: freeze reference
Configuration mode
Speed open loop
Scale to
Hz
Extern resource 1
No function
Analog reference
±200 %
Local bus reference
±200 %
LCP potmeter 0~100 %
Parameter choise:
Reference resource 1,2,3
+
±200%
Extern resource 2
No function
Analog reference
±200 %
Local bus reference
±200 %
LCP potmeter 0~100 %
+
External reference in %
Y
X
±200%
Relative reference
=
X+X*Y/100
±200%
±100%
Freeze reference & increase/ decrease reference
Input commands:
Speed up/speed down maxRefPCT minRefPct min-max ref
Extern resource 3
No function
Analog reference
±200 %
Local bus reference
±200 %
LCP potmeter 0~100 %
Illustration 2.21 Block Diagram Showing Remote Reference
The remote reference is comprised of:
• Preset references
• External references (analog inputs and serial communication bus references)
•
The preset relative reference
• Feedback controlled setpoint
Up to 8 preset references can be programmed in the frequency converter. The active preset reference can be selected using digital inputs or the serial communications bus. The reference can also be supplied externally, most commonly from an analog input. This external source is selected by one of the 3 Reference Source parameters
( 3-15 Reference 1 Source , 3-16 Reference 2 Source and
3-17 Reference 3 Source ). All reference resources and the bus reference are added to produce the total external
Remote reference in %
Process control
Scale to process unit
±200%
Feedback handling
Remote reference/ setpoint reference. The external reference, the preset reference or the sum of the 2 can be selected to be the active reference. Finally, this reference can by be scaled using
3-14 Preset Relative Reference .
The scaled reference is calculated as follows:
Reference = X + X ×
( Y
100
)
Where X is the external reference, the preset reference or the sum of these and Y is 3-14 Preset Relative Reference in
[%].
If Y, 3-14 Preset Relative Reference , is set to 0%, the reference is not affected by the scaling.
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 27
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Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2 2
2.7.8 Closed Loop Set-up Wizard
10
PM motor
1-24 Motor Current
3.8 A
11
1-25 Motor nominal speed
3000 RPM
12
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque
5.4
Nm
13
14
1-30 Stator resistance
0.65
Ohms
1-39 Motor poles
8
15
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 rpm
57 V
16
17
1-37 d-axis inductance(Ld)
5 mH
4-19 Max Ouput Frequency
0065 Hz
1
2
3
4
0-03 Regional Settings
[0] Power kW/50 Hz
0-06 Grid Type
[0] 200-240V/50Hz/Delta
1-00 Configuration Mode
[3] Closed Loop
1-10 Motor Type
[0] Asynchronous
Current
31
6-22 T54 Low Current
04.66
A
32
6-24 T54 low Feedback
0016 Hz
33
6-23 T54 high Current
13.30
A
34
6-25 T54 high Feedback
0050 Hz
1-20 Motor Power
1.10 kW
Asynchronous Motor
5
1-22 Motor Voltage
1-23 Motor frequency
0050 Hz
1-24 Motor current
04.66
A
1-25 Motor nominal speed
1420 RPM
6
7
8
9
18
19
20
4-12 Motor speed low limit
0016 Hz
4-13 Motor speed high limit
0050 Hz
3-41 Ramp 1 ramp-up time
0003 s
21
3-42 Ramp1 ramp-down time
0003 s
MotorType = PM Motor
22a
22b
23
24
25
20-00 Feedback 1 source
[1] Analog input 54
3-16 Reference Source 2
[0] No Operation
3-02 Min Reference
0.00
3-03 Max Reference
50.00
3-10 Preset reference [0]
0.00 %
26
35
6-29 Terminal 54 Mode
[1] Voltage
6-26 T54 Filter time const.
0.01
s
36
37
20-81 PI Normal/Inverse Control
[0] Normal
20-83 PI Normal/Inverse Control
0050 Hz
38
20-93 PI Proportional Gain
00.50
39
20-94 PI integral time
40
1-29 Automatic Motor Adaption
[0] Off
22
MotorType = Asynchronous
1-73 Flying Start
[0] No
This dialog is forced to be set to
[1] Analog input 54
Voltage
6-20 T54 low Voltage
0050
0016
0220
V
6-24 T54 low Feedback
Hz
6-21 T54 high Voltage
V
6-25 T54 high Feedback
0050 Hz
27
28
29
30
28
Illustration 2.22 Closed Loop Set-up Wizard
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Closed Loop Set-up Wizard
Parameter
0-03 Regional Settings
0-06 GridType
1-00 Configuration Mode
1-10 Motor Construction
1-20 Motor Power
1-22 Motor Voltage
1-23 Motor Frequency
1-24 Motor Current
1-25 Motor Nominal Speed
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque
1-29 Automatic Motor Adaption
(AMA)
1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs)
1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld)
1-39 Motor Poles
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM
Range
[0] International
[1] US
[0] -[[132] see start -up wizard for open loop application
Default
0
Size selected
[0] Open loop
[3] Closed loop
*[0] Motor construction
[1] PM, non salient SPM
0
[0] Asynchron
0.09-110 kW
50.0-1000.0 V
20.0-400.0 Hz
0.0 -10000.00 A
100.0-9999.0 RPM
0.1-1000.0
0.000-99.990
0-1000
2-100
10-9000
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size related
Off
Size related
Size related
4
Size related
Function
Select operating mode for restart upon reconnection of the frequency converter to mains voltage after power down
Change this parameter to Closed loop
Setting the parameter value might change these parameters:
1-01 Motor Control Principle
1-03 Torque Characteristics
1-14 Damping Gain
1-15 Low Speed Filter Time Const
1-16 High Speed Filter Time Const
1-17 Voltage filter time const
1-20 Motor Power
1-22 Motor Voltage
1-23 Motor Frequency
1-25 Motor Nominal Speed
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque
1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs)
1-33 Stator Leakage Reactance (X1)
1-35 Main Reactance (Xh)
1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld)
1-39 Motor Poles
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM
1-66 Min. Current at Low Speed
1-72 Start Function
1-73 Flying Start
4-19 Max Output Frequency
4-58 Missing Motor Phase Function
Enter motor power from nameplate data
Enter motor voltage from nameplate data
Enter motor frequency from nameplate data
Enter motor current from nameplate data
Enter motor nominal speed from nameplate data
This parameter is available only when
1-10 Motor Construction Design is set to [1]
PM, non-salient SPM .
NOTICE
Changing this parameter affects settings of other parameters
Performing an AMA optimizes motor performance
Set the stator resistance value
Enter the value of the d-axis inductance.
Obtain the value from the permanent magnet motor data sheet. The de-axis inductance cannot be found by performing an AMA.
Enter the number of motor poles
Line-Line RMS back EMF voltage at 1000 RPM
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MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 29
2 2
Product Overview
Parameter
1-73 Flying Start
3-02 Minimum Reference
3-03 Maximum Reference
3-10 Preset Reference
3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time
4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz]
4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz]
4-19 Max Output Frequency
6-20 Terminal 54 Low Voltage
6-21 Terminal 54 High Voltage
6-22 Terminal 54 Low Current
6-23 Terminal 54 High Current
6-24 Terminal 54 Low Ref./Feedb.
Value
6-25 Terminal 54 High Ref./Feedb.
Value
6-26 Terminal 54 Filter Time
Constant
6-29 Terminal 54 mode
20-81 PI Normal/ Inverse Control
0.0-400 Hz
0-400 Hz
0-400
0-10 V
0-10 V
0-20 mA
0-20 mA
-4999-4999
-4999-4999
0-10 s
[0] Current
[1] Voltage
[0] Normal
[1] Inverse
20-83 PI Start Speed [Hz]
20-93 PI Proportional Gain
0-200 Hz
0-10
20-94 PI Integral Time
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Range
[0] Disabled
[1] Enabled
-4999-4999
-4999-4999
-100-100%
0.05-3600.0 s
3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time 0.05-3600.0 s
0.1-999.0 s
0.01
1
0
20
0
0.0 Hz
65 Hz
Size related
0.07 V
10 V
4
50
Default
0
0
50
0
Size related
Size related
0
0.01
999.0 s
Function
Select [1] Enable to enable the frequency converter to catch a spinning motor. I.e. fan applications. When PM is selected, Flying Start is enabled.
The minimum reference is the lowest value obtainable by summing all references
The maximum reference is the highest value obtainable by summing all references
Enter the set point
Ramp up time from 0 to rated 1-23 Motor
Frequency if Asynchron motor is selected; ramp up time from 0 to 1-25 Motor Nominal
Speed if PM motor is selected"
Ramp down time from rated 1-23 Motor
Frequency to 0 if Asynchron motor is selected; ramp down time from 1-25 Motor Nominal
Speed to 0 if PM motor is selected
Enter the minimum limit for low speed
Enter the minimum limit for high speed
Enter the maximum output frequency value
Enter the voltage that corresponds to the low reference value
Enter the voltage that corresponds to the low high reference value
Enter the current that corresponds to the high reference value
Enter the current that corresponds to the high reference value
Enter the feedback value that corresponds to the voltage or current set in 6-20 Terminal 54
Low Voltage / 6-22 Terminal 54 Low Current
Enter the feedback value that corresponds to the voltage or current set in 6-21 Terminal 54
High Voltage / 6-23 Terminal 54 High Current
Enter the filter time comstant
Select if terminal 54 is used for current- or voltage input
Select [0] Normal to set the process control to increase the output speed when the process error is positive. Select [1] Inverse to reduce the output speed.
Enter the motor speed to be attained as a start signal for commencement of PI control
Enter the process controller proportional gain.
Quick control is obtained at high amplification. However if amplification is too great, the process may become unstable
Enter the process controller integral time.
Obtain quick control through a short integral time, though if the integral time is too short, the process becomes unstable. An excessively long integral time disables the integral action.
Table 2.8 Closed Loop Set-up Wizard
30 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2.7.9 Tuning the Drive Closed Loop Controller
Once the frequency converter's closed loop controller has been set up, the performance of the controller should be tested.
In many cases, its performance may be acceptable using the default values of 20-93 PI Proportional Gain and 20-94 PI Integral
Time . However, in some cases it may be helpful to optimize these parameter values to provide faster system response while still controlling speed overshoot.
2.7.10 Manual PI Adjustment
1.
2.
3.
Start the motor.
Set 20-93 PI Proportional Gain to 0.3 and increase it until the feedback signal begins to oscillate. If necessary, start and stop the frequency converter or make step changes in the set-point reference to attempt to cause oscillation.
Next reduce the PI proportional gain until the feedback signal stabilises. Then reduce the proportional gain by
40-60%.
Set 20-94 PI Integral Time to 20 s and reduce it until the feedback signal begins to oscillate. If necessary, start and stop the frequency converter or make step changes in the set-point reference to attempt to cause oscillation. Next, increase the PI integral time until the feedback signal stabilises. Then increase of the integral time by 15-50%.
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Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2 2
2.8 General Aspects of EMC
Electrical interference is usually conducted at frequencies in the range 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Airborne interference from the frequency converter system in the range 30 MHz to 1 GHz is generated from the inverter, motor cable, and the motor.
As shown in
, capacitance in the motor cable coupled with a high dU/dt from the motor voltage generate leakage currents.
The use of a screened motor cable increases the leakage current (see
) because screened cables have higher capacitance to earth than unscreened cables. If the leakage current is not filtered, it causes greater interference on the mains in the radio frequency range below approximately 5 MHz. Since the leakage current (I
1
) is carried back to the unit through the screen (I
3
), there is in principle only a small electro-magnetic field (I
4
) from the screened motor cable according to
The screen reduces the radiated interference, but increases the low-frequency interference on the mains. Connect the motor cable screen to the frequency converter enclosure as well as on the motor enclosure. This is best done by using integrated screen clamps so as to avoid twisted screen ends (pigtails). Pigtails increase the screen impedance at higher frequencies, which reduces the screen effect and increases the leakage current (I
4
).
If a screened cable is used for relay, control cable, signal interface and brake, mount the screen on the enclosure at both ends. In some situations, however, it is necessary to break the screen to avoid current loops.
C
S z z z z
PE
L3
PE
L1
L2
C
S U
V
W
I
2
I
3
I
1
C
S
1
2
C
S C
S
C
S
I
4 I
4
3 4
Illustration 2.23 Situation that Generates Leakage Currents
5 6
1 Earth wire
2 Screen
3 AC mains supply
Table 2.9 Legend to
4 Frequency converter
5 Screened motor cable
6 Motor
If the screen is to be placed on a mounting plate for the frequency converter, the mounting plate must be made of metal, because the screen currents have to be conveyed back to the unit. Moreover, ensure good electrical contact from the mounting plate through the mounting screws to the frequency converter chassis.
When unscreened cables are used, some emission requirements are not complied with, although most immunity requirements are observed.
To reduce the interference level from the entire system (unit+installation), make motor and brake cables as short as possible. Avoid placing cables with a sensitive signal level alongside motor and brake cables. Radio interference higher than
50 MHz (airborne) is especially generated by the control electronics. See
5.2.4 EMC Compliant Electrical Installation
for more information on EMC.
32 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2.8.1 Emission Requirements
According to the EMC product standard for frequency converters, EN/IEC 61800-3:2004 the EMC requirements depend on the intended use of the frequency converter.
The EMC product standard defines 4 categories. The 4 categories and the requirements for mains supply voltage conducted emissions are defined in
.
Category Definition
C1
C2
C3
C4
Frequency converters installed in the first environment (home and office) with a supply voltage less than 1000 V.
Frequency converters installed in the first environment (home and office) with a supply voltage less than 1000 V, which are neither plug-in nor movable and are intended to be installed and commissioned by a professional.
Frequency converters installed in the second environment (industrial) with a supply voltage lower than
1000 V.
Frequency converters installed in the second environment with a supply voltage equal to or above
1000 V or rated current equal to or above 400 A or intended for use in complex systems.
Conducted emission requirement according to the limits given in EN 55011
Class B
Class A Group 1
Class A Group 2
No limit line.
An EMC plan should be made.
Table 2.10 Emission Requirements
When the generic (conducted) emission standards are used, the frequency converters are required to comply with the following limits
Environment Generic standard
EN/IEC 61000-6-3 Emission standard for residential, commercial and light industrial environments.
EN/IEC 61000-6-4 Emission standard for industrial environments.
Conducted emission requirement according to the limits given in
EN 55011
Class B First environment
(home and office)
Second environment
(industrial environment)
Class A Group 1
Table 2.11 Limits at Generic Emission Standards
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MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 33
Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2 2
2.8.2 EMC Test Results
The following test results have been obtained using a system with a frequency converter, a screened control cable, a control box with potentiometer, as well as a motor screened cable.
RFI Filter Type Conduct emission. Maximum shielded cable length [m]
Industrial environment
EN 55011 Class A2 EN 55011 Class A1
Housing, trades and light industries
EN 55011 Class B
Without external
H4 RFI filter (Class A1) filter
With external filter
Without external filter
With external filter
Without external filter
With external filter
0.25-11 kW
3x200-240 V IP20
0.37-22 kW
3x380-480 V IP20
25
25
50
50
20
20
H2 RFI filter (Class A2)
15-45 kW
3x200-240 V IP20
25
30-90 kW
3x380-480 V IP20
25
0.75-18.5 kW
3x380-480 V IP54
22-90 kW
3x380-480 V IP54
25
25
H3 RFI filter (Class A1/B)
15-45 kW
3x200-240 V IP20
30-90 kW
3x380-480 V IP20
0.75-18.5 kW
3x380-480 V IP54
22-90 kW
3x380-480 V IP54
50
50
25
25
20
20
10
10
Table 2.12 Test Results
Radiated emission
Industrial environment
EN 55011 Class A1
Housing, trades and light industries
EN 55011 Class B
Without external filter
With external filter
Without external filter
With external filter
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
34 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2.8.3 General Aspects of Harmonics
Emission
A frequency converter takes up a non-sinusoidal current from mains, which increases the input current I
RMS
. A nonsinusoidal current is transformed by means of a Fourier analysis and split up into sine-wave currents with different frequencies, i.e. different harmonic currents I n
with 50 Hz as the basic frequency:
Hz
Table 2.13 Harmonic Currents
I
1
50
I
5
250
I
7
350
The harmonics do not affect the power consumption directly but increase the heat losses in the installation
(transformer, cables). Consequently, in plants with a high percentage of rectifier load, maintain harmonic currents at a low level to avoid overload of the transformer and high temperature in the cables.
Illustration 2.24 Harmonic Currents
NOTICE
Some of the harmonic currents might disturb communication equipment connected to the same transformer or cause resonance in connection with power-factor correction batteries.
To ensure low harmonic currents, the frequency converter is equipped with intermediate circuit coils as standard. This normally reduces the input current I
RMS
by 40%.
The voltage distortion on the mains supply voltage depends on the size of the harmonic currents multiplied by the mains impedance for the frequency in question.
The total voltage distortion THD is calculated on the basis of the individual voltage harmonics using this formula:
THD % = U 25 + U
(U
N
% of U)
2
7 + ... + U
2
N
2.8.4 Harmonics Emission Requirements
Equipment connected to the public supply network
Options
1
2
Definition
IEC/EN 61000-3-2 Class A for 3-phase balanced equipment (for professional equipment only up to 1 kW total power).
IEC/EN 61000-3-12 Equipment 16 A-75 A and professional equipment as from 1 kW up to 16 A phase current.
Table 2.14 Connected Equipment
2.8.5 Harmonics Test Results (Emission)
Power sizes up to PK75 in T4 and P3K7 in T2 complies with
IEC/EN 61000-3-2 Class A. Power sizes from P1K1 and up to
P18K in T2 and up to P90K in T4 complies with IEC/EN
61000-3-12, Table 4.
Actual 0.25-11 kW, IP20, 200 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
Actual 0.25-11 kW, 200 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
I
Individual Harmonic Current I
5
32.6
40
39
48
I
7
16.6
25
I
11
8.0
15
Table 2.15 Harmonic Current 0.25-11 kW, 200 V
10
Harmonic current distortion factor (%)
THD PWHD
46 n
41.4
/I
1
I
(%)
13
6.0
Actual 0.37-22 kW, IP20,
380-480 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
Actual 0.37-22 kW, 380-480 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
I
Individual Harmonic Current I
5
36.7
40
44.4
48
I
7
20.8
25
I
11
7.6
15 10
Harmonic current distortion factor (%)
THD PWHD
40.8
46
Table 2.16 Harmonic Current 0.37-22 kW, 380-480 V n
/I
1
(%)
I
13
6.4
2 2
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 35
Product Overview
2 2 Actual 30-90 kW,
IP20, 380-480 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
Actual 30-90 kW,
380-480 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
I
Individual Harmonic Current I
5
36.7
40
40.6
48
I
7
13.8
25
I
11
6.9
15 10
Harmonic current distortion factor (%)
THD PWHD
28.8
46
Table 2.17 Harmonic Current 30-90 kW, 380-480 V n
/I
1
I
(%)
13
4.2
Actual 2.2-15 kW,
IP20, 525-600 V
(typical)
Actual 2.2-15 kW,
525-600 V
(typical)
I
Individual Harmonic Current I
5
48
I
7
25
I
11
7 n
/I
1
I
(%)
13
5
Harmonic current distortion factor (%)
THD
55
PWHD
27
Table 2.18 Harmonic Current 2.2-15 kW, 525-600 V
Actual 18.5-90 kW, IP20,
525-600 V
(typical)
Actual 18.5-90 kW, 525-600 V
(typical)
I
Individual Harmonic Current I
5
48.8
I
7
24.7
I
11
6.3
Harmonic current distortion factor (%)
THD
55.7
PWHD
25.3
Table 2.19 Harmonic Current 18.5-90 kW, 525-600 V n
/I
1
I
(%)
13
5
Actual 22-90 kW,
IP54, 400 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
Actual 22-90 kW,
IP54 400 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
I
Individual Harmonic Current I
5
36.3
40
40.1
48
I
7
14
25
I
11
7
15
Table 2.20 Harmonic Current 22-90 kW, 400 V
10
Harmonic current distortion factor (%)
THD PWHD
46 n
27.1
/I
1
I
(%)
13
4.3
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Actual 0.75-18.5
kW, IP54,
380-480 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
Actual 0.75-18.5
kW, IP54,
380-480 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
I
Individual Harmonic Current I
5
36.7
40
44.4
48
I
7
20.8
25
I
11
7.6
15 10
Harmonic current distortion factor (%)
THD PWHD
40.8
46 n
/I
Table 2.21 Harmonic Current 0.75-18.5 kW, 380-480 V
1
I
(%)
13
6.4
Actual 15-45 kW,
IP20, 200 V
(typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
Actual 15-45 kW,
200 V (typical)
Limit for R sce
≥ 120
I
Individual Harmonic Current I
5
26.7
40
48
I
7
9.7
25
I
11
7.7
15
Table 2.22 Harmonic Current 15-45 kW, 200 V
46 n
10
Harmonic current distortion factor (%)
THD PWHD
30.3
27.6
/I
1
I
(%)
13
5
Provided that the short-circuit power of the supply S sc
is greater than or equal to:
SSC = 3 × RSCE × Umains × Iequ = 3 × 120 × 400 × Iequ at the interface point between the user’s supply and the public system (R sce
).
It is the responsibility of the installer or user of the equipment to ensure, by consultation with the distribution network operator if necessary, that the equipment is connected only to a supply with a short-circuit power S sc greater than or equal to specified above.
Other power sizes can be connected to the public supply network by consultation with the distribution network operator.
Compliance with various system level guidelines:
The harmonic current data in
to
are given in accordance with IEC/EN 61000-3-12 with reference to the Power Drive Systems product standard. They may be used as the basis for calculation of the harmonic currents' influence on the power supply system and for the documentation of compliance with relevant regional guidelines: IEEE 519 -1992; G5/4.
36 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2.8.6 Immunity Requirements
The immunity requirements for frequency converters depend on the environment where they are installed. The requirements for the industrial environment are higher than the requirements for the home and office environment. All Danfoss frequency converters comply with the requirements for the industrial environment and consequently comply also with the lower requirements for home and office environment with a large safety margin.
2.9 Galvanic Isolation (PELV)
2.9.1 PELV - Protective Extra Low Voltage
PELV offers protection by way of extra low voltage.
Protection against electric shock is ensured when the electrical supply is of the PELV type and the installation is made as described in local/national regulations on PELV supplies.
All control terminals and relay terminals 01-03/04-06 comply with PELV (Protective Extra Low Voltage) (Does not apply to grounded Delta leg above 440 V).
Galvanic (ensured) isolation is obtained by fulfilling requirements for higher isolation and by providing the relevant creapage/clearance distances. These requirements are described in the EN 61800-5-1 standard.
The components that make up the electrical isolation, as described, also comply with the requirements for higher isolation and the relevant test as described in EN
61800-5-1.
The PELV galvanic isolation can be shown in
.
To maintain PELV all connections made to the control terminals must be PELV, e.g. thermistor must be reinforced/double insulated.
0.25-22 kW
3
2
5
4
SMPS
1 a
Illustration 2.25 Galvanic Isolation
M
1 Power supply (SMPS)
2 Optocouplers, communication between AOC and BOC
3 Custom relays a Control card terminals
Table 2.23 Legend to
30-90 kW
3
M
1 2 a
Illustration 2.26 Galvanic Isolation
1 Power supply (SMPS) incl. signal isolation of UDC, indicating the intermediate current voltage
2 Gate drive that runs the IGBTs (trigger transformers/optocouplers)
3 Current transducers
4 Internal soft-charge, RFI and temperature measurement circuits
5 Custom relays a Control card terminals
Table 2.24 Legend to
The functional galvanic isolation (see
the RS-485 standard bus interface.
CAUTION
Installation at high altitude:
At altitudes above 2 km, contact
Danfoss regarding PELV.
2 2
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 37
Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2 2
2.10 Earth Leakage Current
WARNING
DISCHARGE TIME
Touching the electrical parts could be fatal - even after the equipment has been disconnected from mains.
Also make sure that other voltage inputs have been disconnected, such as load sharing (linkage of DC intermediate circuit), as well as the motor connection for kinetic back-up.
Before touching any electrical parts, wait at least the amount of time indicated in the
.
Shorter time is allowed only if indicated on the nameplate for the specific unit.
NOTICE
Leakage Current
The earth leakage current from the frequency converter exceeds 3.5 mA. To ensure that the earth cable has a good mechanical connection to the earth connection, the cable cross section must be at least 10 mm 2 Cu or 16 mm 2 Al or 2 rated earth wires terminated separately.
Residual Current Device protection RCD
This product can cause a DC current in the protective conductor. Where a residual current device (RCD) is used for protection in case of direct or indirect contact, only an RCD of Type B is allowed on the supply side of this product. Otherwise, another protective measure shall be applied, such as separation from the environment by double or reinforced insulation, or isolation from the supply system by a transformer. See also Application
Note Protection against Electrical Hazards, MN90G .
Protective earthing of the frequency converter and the use of RCDs must always follow national and local regulations.
2.11 Extreme Running Conditions
Short circuit (motor phase – phase)
Current measurement in each of the 3 motor phases or in the DC-link, protects the frequency converter against short circuts. A short circuit between 2 output phases causes an overcurrent in the inverter. The inverter is turned off individually when the short circuit current exceeds the permitted value (Alarm 16 Trip Lock).
To protect the frequency converter against a short circuit at the load sharing and brake outputs see the design guidelines.
Switching on the output
Switching on the output between the motor and the frequency converter is fully permitted. The frequency converter is not damaged in any way by switching on the output. However, fault messages may appear.
Motor-generated over-voltage
The voltage in the intermediate circuit is increased when the motor acts as a generator. This occurs in following cases:
1.
The load drives the motor (at constant output frequency from the frequency converter), that is the load generates energy.
2.
3.
During deceleration ("ramp-down") if the moment of inertia is high, the friction is low and the rampdown time is too short for the energy to be dissipated as a loss in the frequency converter, the motor and the installation.
Incorrect slip compensation setting ( 1-62 Slip
Compensation ) may cause higher DC link voltage.
The control unit may attempt to correct the ramp if possible ( 2-17 Over-voltage Control .)
The inverter turns off to protect the transistors and the intermediate circuit capacitors when a certain voltage level is reached.
Mains drop-out
During a mains drop-out, the frequency converter keeps running until the intermediate circuit voltage drops below the minimum stop level, which is typically 15% below the frequency converter's lowest rated supply voltage. The mains voltage before the drop-out and the motor load determines how long it takes for the inverter to coast.
2.11.1 Motor Thermal Protection
This is the way Danfoss protects the motor from being overheated. It is an electronic feature that simulates a bimetal relay based on internal measurements. The characteristic is shown in
t [s]
2000
1000
600
500
400
300
200
100
60
50
40
30
20
10
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
fOUT = 1 x f M,N(par. 1-23) fOUT = 2 x f M,N fOUT = 0.2 x f M,N
I
MN
I
M
(par. 1-24)
Illustration 2.27 Motor Thermal Protection Characteristic
The X-axis is showing the ratio between I motor
and I motor nominal. The Y-axis is showing the time in seconds before
38 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Product Overview VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide the ETR cuts off and trips the frequency converter. The curves are showing the characteristic nominal speed at twice the nominal speed and at 0.2x the nominal speed.
It is clear that at lower speed the ETR cuts off at lower heat due to less cooling of the motor. In that way the motor are protected from being over heated even at low speed. The ETR feature is calculating the motor temperature based on actual current and speed.
The thermistor cut-out value is >3 k Ω .
Integrate a thermistor (PTC sensor) in the motor for winding protection.
Motor protection can be implemented using a range of techniques: PTC sensor in motor windings; mechanical thermal switch (Klixon type); or Electronic Thermal Relay
(ETR).
R
(Ω)
Using a digital input and 10 V as power supply:
Example: The frequency converter trips when the motor temperature is too high.
Parameter set-up:
Set 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [2] Thermistor Trip
Set 1-93 Thermistor Source to [6] Digital Input 29
OFF
BUS TER.
ON
61 68 69 18 19 27 29 42 45 50 53 54
0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT 0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT
12 20 55
COM A IN
COM DIG IN
OFF
2 2
4000
3000
1330
550
250
-20°C nominel -5°C
nominel
nominel +5°C
Illustration 2.28 Trip due to High Motor Temperature
[°C]
ON
<800 Ω >2.9 kΩ
R
Illustration 2.29 Digital Input/10 V Power Supply
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 39
Product Overview
2 2
Using an analog input and 10 V as power supply:
Example: The frequency converter trips when the motor temperature is too high.
Parameter set-up:
Set 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [2] Thermistor Trip
Set 1-93 Thermistor Source to [2] Analog Input 54
NOTICE
Do not set Analog Input 54 as reference source.
OFF
BUS TER.
ON
61 68 69 18 19 27 29 42 45 50 53 54
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Summary
With the ETR, the motor is protected for being over-heated and there is no need for any further motor protection.
That means when the motor is heated up, the ETR timer controls for how long time the motor can run at the high temperature before it is stopped to prevent over heating.
If the motor is overloaded without reaching the temperature, the ETR shuts of the motor.
ETR is activated in 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection .
0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT 0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT
12 20 55
COM A IN
COM DIG IN
OFF
ON
<3.0 k Ω
>2.9k
Ω
R
Illustration 2.30 Analog Input/10 V Power Supply
Input
Digital
Analog
Supply Voltage
[V]
10
10
Threshold
Cut-out Values [ Ω ]
<800 ⇒ 2.9 k
<800 ⇒ 2.9 k
Table 2.25 Supply Voltage
NOTICE
Check that the selected supply voltage follows the specification of the used thermistor element.
40 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Selection
3 Selection
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
3.1 Options and Accessories
3.1.1 Local Control Panel (LCP)
Ordering no.
132B0200
Description
LCP for all IP20 units
Table 3.1 Ordering Number
Enclosure
Max. cable length to unit
Communication std.
Table 3.2 Technical Data
IP55 front
10 ft (3 m)
RS-485
3.1.2 Mounting of LCP in Panel Front
Step 1
Fit gasket on LCP.
Step 2
Place LCP on panel, see dimensions of hole on
.
62.5 +_ 0.2
R1.5
+_ 0.5
Panel cut out
Panel Thickness: 1~3mm
Panel
Gasket
Com.
Menu Status
On
Warn.
Alarm
Ba ck
OK
LCP
Menu
Status
Com.
On
Warn.
Alarm
Ba ck
OK
Illustration 3.1 Fit Gasket
Auto
On
Menu
Com.
Status
On
Warn.
Alarm
Ba ck
OK
Illustration 3.2 Place LCP on Panel
Step 3
Place bracket on back of the LCP, then slide down.
Tighten screws and connect cable female side to LCP.
3 3
Illustration 3.3 Place Bracket on LCP
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 41
3 3
Selection
Step 4
Connect cable to frequency converter.
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
3.1.3 IP21/TYPE 1 Enclosure Kit
IP21/TYPE 1 is an optional enclosure element available for
IP20 units.
If the enclosure kit is used, an IP20 unit is upgraded to comply with enclosure IP21/TYPE 1.
B
C
Illustration 3.4 Connect Cable
NOTICE
Use the provided thread cutting screws to fasten connector to the frequency converter, tightening torque
1.3 Nm.
Status
On
Warn.
Alarm ck
OK
Main
Menu
VLT R
HVAC Basic Drive
Illustration 3.5 H1-H5
42
Illustration 3.6 Dimensions
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Selection VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Frame IP class Power
3 x 200-240 V 3 x 380-480 V 3 x 525-600 V
H5
H6
H7
H8
H1
H2
H3
H4
H9
H10
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
0.25-1.5 kW
2.2 kW
3.7 kW
5.5-7,5 kW
11 kW
15-18.5 kW
22-30 kW
37-45 kW
Table 3.3 Enclosure Kit Specifications
3.1.4 Decoupling Plate
0.37-1.5 kW
2.2-4 kW
5.5-7.5 kW
11-15 kW
18.5-22 kW
30-45 kW
55-75 kW
90 kW
Use the decoupling plate for EMC correct installation.
18.5-30 kW
37-55 kW
75-90 kW
2.2-7.5 kW
11-15 kW
Height
[mm] A
418
663
807
943
293
322
346
374
372
475
Shown here on a H3 enclosure.
161
260
329
390
81
96
106
141
130
165
Width
[mm] B
260
242
335
335
173
195
210
245
205
249
Depth [mm]
C
IP21 kit ordering no.
Type 1 kit ordering no.
132B0212 132B0222
132B0213 132B0223
132B0214 132B0224
132B0215 132B0225
132B0216 132B0226
132B0217 132B0217
132B0218 132B0218
132B0219 132B0219
132B0220 132B0220
132B0221 132B0221
3 3
99 99
Illustration 3.7 Decoupling Plate
Frame
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H6
H7
H7
H8
IP class
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
3 x 200-240 V
0.25-1.5
2.2
3.7
5.5-7.5
11
15-18.5
22-30
37-45
Power [kW]
3 x 380-480 V
0.37-1.5
2.2-4
5.5-7.5
11-15
18.5-22
30
37-45
55
75
90
3 x 525-600 V
18.5-30
37-55
75-90
Table 3.4 Decoupling Plate Specifications
NOTICE
For H9 and H10 frequency converters, the decoupling plates are included in the accessory bag.
Decoupling plate
132B0202
132B0202
132B0204
132B0205
130B0205
132B0207
132B0242
132B0208
132B0243
132B0209
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 43
How to Order
4 How to Order
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
4 4
4.1 Configuration
4.1.1 Drive Configurator
It is possible to design a frequency converter according to the application requirements by using the ordering number system.
Frequency converters can be ordered as standard or with internal options by using a type code string, i.e.
FC-101PK25T2E20H4XXCXXXSXXXXAXBXCXXXXDX
Use the Internet based Drive Configurator to configure the right frequency converter for the right application and generate the type code string. The Drive Configurator automatically generates an 8-digit sales number to be delivered to your local sales office.
Furthermore, a project list with several products can be established and sent it Danfoss sales representative.
The frequency converter configurator can be found on: www.danfoss.com/drives.
44 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Order
Description
Product group & FC series
Power rating
Number of phases
Mains voltage
Enclosure
RFI filter
Brake
Display
Coating PCB
Pos.
1-6
7-10
11
11-12
13-15
16-17
18
19
20
Mains option
Adaption
Adaption
Software release
Software language
A options
B options
C0 options MCO
C1 options
C option software
D options
Table 4.1 Type Code Descriptions
21
22
23
24-27
28
29-30
31-32
33-34
35
36-37
38-39
4.2 Ordering Numbers
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
4.1.2 Type Code String
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
F C 1 0 1 P T H X
21
X
22
X
23
X
24
S
25 26 27
X X X
28 29
X A
30
X
31
B
32
X
33
C
34 35 36 37
X X X X
38 39
D X
Illustration 4.1 Type Code
Possible choice
FC 101
0.25-90 kW (PK25-P90K)
Three phases (T)
T2: 200-240 V AC
T4: 380-480 V AC
T6: 525-600 V AC
E20: IP20/Chassis
P20: IP20/Chassis with back plate
E5A: IP54
P5A: IP54 with back plate
H1: RFI filter class A1/B
H2: RFI filter class A2
H3: RFI filter class A1/B (reduced cable length)
H4: RFI filter class A1
X: No brake chopper included
A: Alpha Numeric Local Control Panel
X: No Local Control Panel
X: No coated PCB
C: Coated PCB
X: No mains option
X: No adaption
X: No adaption
SXXXX: Latest release - std. software
X: Standard
AX: No A options
BX: No B options
CX: No C options
X: No C1 options
XX: No options
DX: No D0 options
4 4
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 45
4 4
How to Order VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
4.2.1 Ordering Numbers: Options and Accessories
46 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Order VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
4.2.2 Harmonic Filters
3x380-480 V 50 Hz
Power
[kW]
Drive input current
Continuous
[A]
22 41.5
30
37
57
70
45
55
75
84
103
140
90 176
Default switching frequency
[kHz]
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
THID level
[%]
Order number filter IP00
Code number filter IP20
4 130B1397 130B1239
3 130B1398 130B1240
3 130B1442 130B1247
3 130B1442 130B1247
5 130B1444 130B1249
4 130B1445 130B1250
4 130B1445 130B1250
Table 4.3 AHF Filters (5% current distortion)
3x380-480 V 50 Hz
Power
[kW]
Drive input current
Continuous
[A]
22 41.5
30
37
57
70
45
55
75
90
84
103
140
176
Default switching frequency
[kHz]
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
THID level
[%]
Order number filter IP00
Code number filter IP20
6
6
9
9
9
8
8
130B1274 130B1111
130B1275 130B1176
130B1291 130B1201
130B1291 130B1201
130B1292 130B1204
130B1294 130B1213
130B1294 130B1213
Table 4.4 AHF Filters (10% current distortion)
3x440-480 V 60 Hz
Power
[kW]
Drive input current
Continuous
[A]
22 34.6
30
37
49
61
45
55
75
73
89
121
90 143
Default switching frequency
[kHz]
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
THID level
[%]
Order number filter IP00
Code number filter IP20
3 130B1792 130B1757
3 130B1793 130B1758
3 130B1794 130B1759
4 130B1795 130B1760
4 130B1796 130B1761
5 130B1797 130B1762
5 130B1798 130B1763
Table 4.5 AHF Filters (5% current distortion)
3x440-480 V 60 Hz
Power
[kW]
Drive input current
Continuous
[A]
22 34.6
30
37
49
61
45
55
75
90
73
89
121
143
Default switching frequency
[kHz]
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
THID level
[%]
Order number filter IP00
Code number filter IP20
6 130B1775 130B1487
8 130B1776 130B1488
7 130B1777 130B1491
9 130B1778 130B1492
8 130B1779 130B1493
9 130B1780 130B1494
10 130B1781 130B1495
Table 4.6 AHF Filters (10% current distortion)
4 4
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 47
How to Order VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
4 4
4.2.3 External RFI Filter
External filters to fulfil A1 50 m/B1 20 m.
Power [kW]
Size 380-480 V
0.37-2.2
3-7.5
11-15
18.5-22
Type A B C D E F G H I J K L1 Torque [Nm] Weight [kg] Ordering Number
FN3258-7-45 190 40 70 160 180 20 4.5 1 10.6 M5 20 31
FN3258-16-45 250 45 70 220 235 25 4.5 1 10.6 M5 22.5 31
FN3258-30-47 270 50 85 240 255 30 5.4 1 10.6 M5 25 40
FN3258-42-47 310 50 85 280 295 30 5.4 1 10.6 M5 25 40
0.7-0.8
0.7-0.8
1.9-2.2
1.9-2.2
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.4
132B0244
132B0245
132B0246
132B0247
Table 4.7 RFI Filters - Details
D l 1
J
A
H
K
B
L 1
C
G
F
E
Illustration 4.2 RFI Filter
48 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Install
5 How to Install
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5.1 Mechanical Dimensions
5.1.1 Frequency Converter Dimensions
B b
0 D
C e d e
Enclosure
Frame
H4
H5
H6
H1
H2
H3
H7
IP
Class
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
I6
I7
I3
I4
I8
H8
H9
H10
I2
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP54
IP54
IP54
IP54
IP54
IP54
Table 5.1 Dimensions
1 Including decoupling plate
3x200-240
V
0.25-1.5
2.2
3.7
5.5-7.5
11
15-18.5
22-30
37-45
Power [kW]
3x380-480
V
0.37-1.5
2.2-4.0
5.5-7.5
11-15
18.5-22
30-45
3x525-600 V
18.5-30
55-75
90
0.75-4.0
5.5-7.5
11-18.5
22-37
45-55
75-90
37-55
75-90
2.2-7.5
11-15
A e
Height [mm]
A 1 a
Width [mm] Depth
[mm]
B b C
195
227
255
273
303
329
368
476
650
680
770
660
269
399
332
296
334
359
402
518 595/635
(45 kW)
550 630/690
(75 kW)
-
-
-
-
-
800
374
419
-
183
212
75
90
240 100
56
65
74
275 135 105
314 150 120
495 239 200
521 313 270
631 375 330
257 130 110
380 165 140
318.5
115 74
354 135 89
460 180 133
624 242 210
648 308 272
739 370 334
237
290
260
310
335
335
205
248
225
168
190
206
241
255
242
335 e
Mounting hole
[mm] d e f
Max.
Weight kg
9 4.5
5.3
11 5.5
7.4
11 5.5
8.1
2.1
3.4
4.5
12.6
7 8.4
12.6
7 8.5
-
7.9
9.5
8.5
15 24.5
-
-
11
12
11
8.5
8.5
5.5
6.8
5.5
17
17
9
7.5
9
36
51
6.6
12
5.3
12 6.5
9.5
7.2
12 6.5
9.5
13.8
19
19
19
9
9
9
9
9.8
9.8
27
45
65
5 5
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 49
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5 5
The dimensions are only for the physical units, but when installing in an application it is necessary to add space for free air passage both above and below the units. The amount of space for free air passage is listed in
I4
I6
I2
I3
H7
H8
H9
H10
I7
I8
Enclosure
Frame IP class
H1 20
H2
H3
20
20
H4
H5
H6
20
20
20
54
54
54
54
20
20
20
20
54
54
Clearance [mm]
Above unit Below unit
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
225
100
200
100
100
100
200
200
225
Table 5.2 Clearance Needed for Free Air Passage
100
100
100
100
100
200
100
100
100
200
200
225
100
200
200
225
50 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Install
5.1.2 Shipping Dimensions
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5 5
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 51
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5 5
5.1.3 Side-by-Side Installation
The frequency converter can be mounted side-by-side and requires the clearance above and below for cooling.
Frame
H1
H2
H7
H8
H9
H10
H3
H4
H5
H6
IP class
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
3x200-240 V
0.25-1.5
2.2
3.7
5.5-7.5
11
15-18.5
22-30
37-45
Power [kW]
3x380-480 V
0.37-1.5
2.2-4
5.5-7.5
11-15
18.5-22
30-45
55-75
90
3x525-600 V
18.5-30
37-55
75-90
2.2-7.5
11-15
Clearance above/below [mm/inch]
100/4
100/4
100/4
100/4
100/4
200/7.9
200/7.9
225/8.9
100/4
200/7.9
Table 5.4 Clearance
NOTICE
With IP21/Nema Type1 option kit mounted, a distance of 50 mm between the units is required.
5.1.4 Field Mounting
IP21/TYPE 1 kits are recommended.
52 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5.2 Electrical Data
+10 V DC
0-10 V DC-
0/4-20 mA
0-10 V DC-
0/4-20 mA
3 Phase power input
L1
L2
L3
PE
50 (+10 V OUT)
53 (A IN)
54 (A IN)
55 (COM A IN/OUT)
42 0/4-20 mA A OUT / DIG OUT
45 0/4-20 mA A OUT / DIG OUT
12 (+24 V OUT)
18 (DIGI IN)
19 (DIGI IN)
20 (COM D IN)
27 (DIGI IN)
29 (DIGI IN)
PE
U
V
W
Motor
Bus ter.
24 V (NPN)
O V (PNP)
24 V (NPN)
O V (PNP)
24 V (NPN)
O V (PNP)
24 V (NPN)
O V (PNP)
Bus ter.
RS-485
Interface
UDC-
Not present on all power sizes
UDC+ relay2
06
05
04 relay1
03
ON=Terminated
OFF=Unterminated
02
01
240 V AC 3 A
240 V AC 3 A
(N PS-485) 69
(P RS-485) 68
(Com RS-485 ) 61
RS-485
Do not connect shield to 61
(PNP)-Source
(NPN)-Sink
Illustration 5.1 Basic Wiring Schematic Drawing
NOTICE
There is no access to UDC- and
UDC+ on the following units:
IP20 380-480 V 30-90 kW
IP20 200-240 V 15-45 kW
IP20 525-600 V 2.2-90 kW
IP54 380-480 V 22-90 kW
5 5
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 53
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5 5
5.2.1 Electrical Installation in General
All cabling must comply with national and local regulations on cable cross-sections and ambient temperature. Copper conductors required, (75 ° C) recommended.
I4
I6
I2
I3
I7
I8
Power [kW]
Frame IP class 3x200-240 V 3x380-480 V
H5
H6
H7
H1
H2
H3
H4
H7
H8
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
IP20
0.25-1.5
2.2
3.7
5.5-7.5
11
15-18
22-30
-
37-45
Table 5.5 Enclosure H1-H8
Frame
Power [kW]
IP class 3x380-480 V
0.37-1.5
2.2-4
5.5-7.5
11-15
18.5-22
30-45
55
75
90
Line
Table 5.6 Enclosure I1-I8
Frame
Power [kW]
IP class 3x525-600 V
H9
H10
IP54
IP54
IP54
IP54
IP54
IP54
IP20
IP20
0.75-4.0
5.5-7.5
11-18.5
22-37
45-55
75-90
2.2-7.5
11-15
1.4
1.4
1.4
4.5
10
14/24 1
Line
1.8
1.8
H6
H7
H8
IP20
IP20
IP20
18.5-30
37-55
75-90
Table 5.7 Details of Tightening Torques
1 Cable dimensions ≤ 95 mm 2
2 Cable dimensions >95 mm 2
4.5
10
14/24 1
Motor
1.8
1.8
4.5
10
14/24 1
Line
1.2
4.5
10
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.2
14
24 2
Motor
0.8
0.8
0.8
4.5
10
14/24 1
Motor
1.2
4.5
10
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.2
14
24 2
DC connection
0.8
Torque [Nm]
Control terminals
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.5
-
-
1.2
1.2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
-
0.5
0.5
Torque [Nm]
DC connection
Control terminals
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.8
-
-
-
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Torque [Nm]
DC connection
Control terminals not recommended
0.5
not recommended
0.5
-
-
-
0.5
0.5
0.5
Earth
3
3
3
3
3
Earth
0.8
0.8
0.8
3
3
3
Earth
0.8
3
3
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
3
3
Relay
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
Relay
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Relay
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
54 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5.2.2 Connecting to Mains and Motor
The frequency converter is designed to operate all standard 3-phased asynchronous motors. For maximum cross-section on wires see
.
2.
3.
•
Use a shielded/armored motor cable to comply with EMC emission specifications, and connect this cable to both the decoupling plate and the motor metal.
• Keep motor cable as short as possible to reduce the noise level and leakage currents.
• For further details on mounting of the decoupling plate, see FC 101 De-coupling Plate
Mounting Instruction .
•
Also see EMC-Correct Installation in the VLT ® HVAC
Basic Design Guide .
1.
Mount the earth wires to earth terminal.
Connect motor to terminals U, V and W.
Mount mains supply to terminals L1, L2 and L3 and tighten.
3
2
2
1
MAINS
Motor
U V W
-DC+DC
Illustration 5.2 H1-H5 Frame
IP20 200-240 V 0.25-11 kW and IP20 380-480 V 0.37-22 kW
1 Line
2 Earth
3 Motor
4 Relays
Table 5.8 Legend to
4
5 5
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 55
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5 5
03 02 01
06 05 04
L1 91 / L2 92 / L3 93
95
U 96 / V 97 / W 98
99
1
2
Illustration 5.3 H6 Frame
IP20 380-480 V 30-45 kW
IP20 200-240 V 15-18.5 kW
IP20 525-600 V 22-30 kW
3
1 Line
2 Motor
3 Earth
4 Relays
Table 5.9 Legend to
4
1 2
Illustration 5.4 H7 Frame
IP20 380-480 V 55-75 kW
IP20 200-240 V 22- 30 kW
IP20 525-600 V 45-55 kW
3
1 Line
2 Relays
3 Earth
4 Motor
Table 5.10 Legend to
4
56 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
95
99
V
97
1
2
Illustration 5.5 H8 Frame
IP20 380-480 V 90 kW
IP20 200-240 V 37-45 kW
IP20 525-600 V 75-90 kW
3
4
1 Line
2 Relays
3 Earth
4 Motor
Table 5.11 Legend to
M A I N S
95
-DC+DC
BR- BR+ U
V
W
99
Illustration 5.7 Mount the 2 screws in the mounting plate, slide it into place and tighten fully
Illustration 5.6 H9 Frame
IP20 600 V 2.2-7.5 kW
99
MOTOR
U V W
MOTOR
M
I N S
95
+DC
BR-
BR+
U
V
W
Illustration 5.8 When mounting cables, first mount and tighten earth cable
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 57
5 5
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5 5
91
L1
L2
92 93
L3
M
A
I N
S
95
+DC
BR-
BR+
U
V
W
Illustration 5.9 Mount mains plug and tighten wires
L1 L2 L3
91 92 93
A
I N
S
99
+DC
BR-
BR+
U
V
W
Illustration 5.11 H10 Frame
IP20 600 V 11-15 kW
Illustration 5.10 Tighten support bracket on mains wires
58 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
1
2
3
8
7
Illustration 5.12 I2 Frame
IP54 380-480 V 0.75-4.0 kW
1 RS-485
2 Line in
3 Earth
4 Wire clamps
5 Motor
6 UDC
7 Relays
8 I/O
Table 5.12 Legend to
4
5
6
Illustration 5.13 I3 Frame
IP54 380-480 V 5.5-7.5 kW
1 RS-485
2 Line in
3 Earth
4 Wire clamps
5 Motor
6 UDC
7 Relays
8 I/O
Table 5.13 Legend to
5 5
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How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5 5
Illustration 5.14 I4 Frame
IP54 380-480 V 0.75-4.0 kW
1 RS-485
2 Line in
3 Earth
4 Wire clamps
5 Motor
6 UDC
7 Relays
8 I/O
Table 5.14 Legend to
Illustration 5.16 I6 Frame
IP54 380-480 V 22-37 kW
Illustration 5.17 I6 Frame
IP54 380-480 V 22-37 kW
60
Illustration 5.15 IP54 I2-I3-I4 frame
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
9
6
9
03 02 01
RELA
Y 1
05 04
RELA
Y 2
90
Illustration 5.18 I6 Frame
IP54 380-480 V 22-37 kW
311
91
L1
92
L2
95
93
L3
96
U
97
V
99
98
W
88
DC-
89
DC+
81
R-
8
R+
Illustration 5.19 I7, I8 Frame
IP54 380-480 V 45-55 kW
IP54 380-480 V 75-90 kW
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 61
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How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5 5
5.2.3 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
Branch circuit protection
To protect the installation against electrical and fire hazard, all branch circuits in an installation, switch gear, machines etc., must be short-circuit and overcurrent protected according to national and local regulations.
Short circuit protection
Danfoss recommends using the fuses and circuit breakers listed in
to protect service personnel or other equipment in case of an internal failure in the unit or short-circuit on DC-link. The frequency converter provides full short circuit protection in case of a short-circuit on the motor.
Overcurrent protection
Provide overload protection to avoid overheating of the cables in the installation. Overcurrent protection must always be carried out according to local and national regulations. Circuit breakers and fuses must be designed for protection in a circuit capable of supplying a maximum of 100,000 A rms
(symmetrical), 480 V maximum.
UL/Non UL compliance
Use the circuit breakers or fuses listed in
, to ensure compliance with UL or IEC 61800-5-1.
Circuit breakers must be designed for protection in a circuit capable of supplying a maximum of 10,000 Arms (symmetrical),
480 V maximum.
NOTICE
In the event of malfunction, failure to follow the protection recommendation may result in damage to the frequency converter.
UL
Circuit Breaker
Non UL
Power [kW]
3x200-240 V IP20
0.25
0.37
5.5
7.5
11
15
0.75
1.5
2.2
3.7
18.5
22
30
37
45
Cutler-Hammer
EGE3100FFG
Cutler-Hammer
JGE3150FFG
Cutler-Hammer
JGE3200FFG
Table 5.15 Circuit Breakers and Fuses
Moeller NZMB1-
A125
Moeller NZMB1-
A160
Moeller NZMB1-
A200
Fuse
UL Non UL
Bussmann Bussmann Bussmann Bussmann Max fuse
Type RK5 Type RK1 Type J Type T Type G
FRS-R-10
FRS-R-10
KTN-R10
KTN-R10
JKS-10
JKS-10
JJN-10
JJN-10
10
10
FRS-R-10
FRS-R-10
FRS-R-15
FRS-R-25
FRS-R-50
FRS-R-50
FRS-R-80
FRS-R-100
FRS-R-100
FRS-R-150
FRS-R-150
FRS-R-200
FRS-R-200
KTN-R10
KTN-R10
KTN-R15
KTN-R25
KTN-R50
KTN-R50
KTN-R80
KTN-R100
KTN-R100
KTN-R150
KTN-R150
KTN-R200
KTN-R200
JKS-10
JKS-10
JKS-15
JKS-25
JKS-50
JKS-50
JKS-80
JKS-100
JKS-100
JKS-150
JKS-150
JKS-200
JKS-200
JJN-10
JJN-10
JJN-15
JJN-25
JJN-50
JJN-50
JJN-80
JJN-100
JJN-100
JJN-150
JJN-150
JJN-200
JJN-200
50
50
65
125
10
10
16
25
125
160
160
200
200
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How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
90
3x525-600 V IP20
2.2
3
3.7
5.5
22
30
37
45
55
7.5
11
15
18.5
75
90
Power [kW]
3x380-480 V IP20
0.37
0.75
1.5
2.2
3
4
5.5
22
30
37
45
7.5
11
15
18.5
55
75
UL
Circuit Breaker
Non UL
Cutler-Hammer
EGE3125FFG
Cutler-Hammer
JGE3200FFG
Cutler-Hammer
JGE3250FFG
Cutler-Hammer
EGE3080FFG
Cutler-Hammer
JGE3125FFG
Cutler-Hammer
JGE3200FAG
Table 5.16 Circuit Breakers and Fuses
Moeller NZMB1-
A125
Moeller NZMB1-
A200
Moeller NZMB2-
A250
Cutler-Hammer
EGE3080FFG
Cutler-Hammer
JGE3125FFG
Cutler-Hammer
JGE3200FAG
FRS-R-20
FRS-R-20
FRS-R-20
FRS-R-20
FRS-R-20
FRS-R-30
FRS-R-30
FRS-R-80
FRS-R-80
FRS-R-80
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-200
FRS-R-200
Fuse
UL Non UL
Bussmann Bussmann Bussmann Bussmann Max fuse
Type RK5 Type RK1 Type J Type T Type G
FRS-R-10
FRS-R-10
FRS-R-10
FRS-R-15
FRS-R-15
FRS-R-15
FRS-R-25
KTS-R10
KTS-R10
KTS-R10
KTS-R15
KTS-R15
KTS-R15
KTS-R25
JKS-10
JKS-10
JKS-10
JKS-15
JKS-15
JKS-15
JKS-25
JJS-10
JJS-10
JJS-10
JJS-15
JJS-15
JJS-15
JJS-25
16
16
25
10
10
10
16
FRS-R-25
FRS-R-50
FRS-R-50
FRS-R-80
FRS-R-80
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-200
FRS-R-200
KTS-R25
KTS-R50
KTS-R50
KTS-R80
KTS-R80
KTS-R125
KTS-R125
KTS-R125
KTS-R200
KTS-R200
JKS-25
JKS-50
JKS-50
JKS-80
JKS-80
JKS-R125
JKS-R125
JKS-R125
JKS-R200
JKS-R200
JJS-25
JJS-50
JJS-50
JJS-80
JJS-80
JJS-R125
JJS-R125
JJS-R125
JJS-R200
JJS-R200
65
80
100
125
25
50
50
65
150
200
FRS-R-250 KTS-R250 JKS-R250 JJS-R250 250
KTS-R20
KTS-R20
KTS-R20
KTS-R20
KTS-R20
KTS-R30
KTS-R30
KTN-R80
KTN-R80
KTN-R80
KTN-R125
KTN-R125
KTN-R125
KTN-R200
KTN-R200
JKS-20
JKS-20
JKS-20
JKS-20
JKS-20
JKS-30
JKS-30
JKS-80
JKS-80
JKS-80
JKS-125
JKS-125
JKS-125
JKS-200
JKS-200
JJS-20
JJS-20
JJS-20
JJS-20
JJS-20
JJS-30
JJS-30
JJS-80
JJS-80
JJS-80
JJS-125
JJS-125
JJS-125
JJS-200
JJS-200
80
80
125
125
125
30
35
35
80
20
20
20
20
200
200
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5 5
UL
Circuit Breaker
Non UL
Power [kW]
3x380-480 V IP54
0.75
1.5
2.2
3
4
5.5
7.5
30
37
45
55
11
15
18.5
22
75
90
Moeller NZMB1-A125
Moeller NZMB2-A160
Moeller NZMB2-A250
PKZM0-16
PKZM0-16
PKZM0-16
PKZM0-16
PKZM0-16
PKZM0-25
PKZM0-25
PKZM4-63
PKZM4-63
PKZM4-63
Table 5.17 Circuit Breakers and Fuses
Fuse
UL Non UL
Bussmann Bussmann Bussmann Bussmann Max fuse
Type RK5 Type RK1 Type J Type T Type G
FRS-R-10
FRS-R-10
FRS-R-15
FRS-R-15
FRS-R-15
FRS-R-25
FRS-R-25
KTS-R-10
KTS-R-10
KTS-R-15
KTS-R-15
KTS-R-15
KTS-R-25
KTS-R-25
JKS-10
JKS-10
JKS-15
JKS-15
JKS-15
JKS-25
JKS-25
JJS-10
JJS-10
JJS-15
JJS-15
JJS-15
JJS-25
JJS-25
16
25
25
16
16
16
16
FRS-R-50
FRS-R-50
FRS-R-80
FRS-R-80
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-125
FRS-R-200
FRS-R-200
FRS-R-250
KTS-R-50
KTS-R-50
KTS-R-80
KTS-R-80
KTS-R-125
KTS-R-125
KTS-R-125
KTS-R-200
KTS-R-200
KTS-R-250
JKS-50
JKS-50
JKS-80
JKS-80
JKS-125
JKS-125
JKS-125
JKS-200
JKS-200
JKS-200
JJS-50
JJS-50
JJS-80
JJS-80
JJS-125
JJS-125
JJS-125
JJS-200
JJS-200
JJS-200
125
125
160
160
63
63
63
125
200
200
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How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5.2.4 EMC Compliant Electrical Installation
General points to be observed to ensure EMC-correct electrical installation.
•
Use only screened/armoured motor cables and screened/armoured control cables.
• Connect the screen to earth at both ends.
• Avoid installation with twisted screen ends (pigtails), since this ruins the screening effect at high frequencies. Use the cable clamps provided instead.
• It is important to ensure good electrical contact from the installation plate through the installation screws to the metal cabinet of the frequency converter.
•
Use starwashers and galvanically conductive installation plates.
• Do not use unscreened/unarmoured motor cables in the installation cabinets.
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Panel
PLC etc.
5 5
Com.
On
Warn.
Alarm
Hand
On ck
OK
Main
Menu
PLC
Min. 16 mm 2
Equalizing cable
Control cables
Mains-supply
L1
L2
L3
PE
Reinforced protective earth
Min. 200mm between control cable, mains cable and between mains motor cable
Illustration 5.20 EMC-correct Electrical Installation
NOTICE
For North America use metal conduits instead of shielded cables.
66 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
All cable entries in one side of panel
Motor cable
Motor, 3 phases and
Protective earth
Output contactor etc.
Earthing rail
Cable insulation stripped
How to Install VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
5.2.5 Control Terminals
IP20 200-240 V 0.25-11 kW and IP20 380-480 V 0.37-22 kW:
Illustration 5.21 Location of Control Terminals
1.
2.
Place a screwdriver behind the terminal cover to activate snap.
Tilt the screwdriver outwards to open the cover.
Illustration 5.23 IP54 400 V 0.75-7.5 kW
1.
Remove the front cover.
Control terminals
shows all control terminals of the frequency converter. Applying Start (term. 18), connection between terminal 12-27 and an analog reference (term. 53 or 54 and 55) make the frequency converter run.
OFF
BUS TER.
ON
61 68 69 18 19 27 29 42 45 50 53 54
Illustration 5.22 IP20 380-480 V 30-90 kW
1.
Place a screwdriver behind the terminal cover to activate snap.
Tilt the screwdriver outwards to open the cover.
2.
Digital input 18, 19 and 27 mode is set in 5-00 Digital Input
Mode (PNP is default value) and digital input 29 mode is set in 5-03 Digital Input 29 Mode (PNP is default value).
0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT
Illustration 5.24 Control Terminals
0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT
12 20 55
GND
GND
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How to Programme VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
6 How to Programme
6 6
6.1 Programming with MCT 10 Set-up
Software
The frequency converter can be programmed from a PC via RS-485 COM port by using the MCT 10 Set-up Software.
This software can either be ordered using code number
130B1000 or downloaded from www.danfoss.com/BusinessAreas/DrivesSolutions/softwaredownload.
6.2 Local Control Panel (LCP)
The LCP is divided into 4 functional sections.
A. Display
B. Menu key
C. Navigation keys and indicator lights (LEDs)
D. Operation keys and indicator lights (LEDs)
3
2
1
4
6
10
7
9
8
A
B
Com.
C
On
Warn.
Alarm
1-20 Motor Power
[5] 0.37kW - 0.5HP
Setup 1
Menu
Status Quick
Menu
Ba ck
OK
Main
Menu
11
12
11
11
5
D Hand
On
Off
Reset
Auto
On
13 14
Illustration 6.1 Local Control Panel (LCP)
15
A. Display
The LCD-display is back-lit with 2 alphanumeric lines. All data is displayed on the LCP.
Information can be read from the display.
1
2
3
4
5
Parameter number and name.
Parameter value.
Set-up number shows the active set-up and the edit setup. If the same set-up acts as both active and edit set-up, only that set-up number is shown (factory setting). When active and edit set-up differ, both numbers are shown in the display (set-up 12). The number flashing, indicates the edit set-up.
Motor direction is shown to the bottom left of the display
– indicated by a small arrow pointing either clockwise or counterclockwise.
The triangle indicates if the LCP is in status, quick menu or main menu.
Table 6.1 Legend to
B. Menu key
Press [Menu] to select between status, quick menu or main menu.
C. Navigation keys and indicator lights (LEDs)
6 Com LED: Flashes when bus communication is communicating.
7 Green LED/On: Control section is working.
8 Yellow LED/Warn.: Indicates a warning.
9 Flashing Red LED/Alarm: Indicates an alarm.
10 [Back]: For moving to the previous step or layer in the navigation structure
11 [ ▲
] [
▼
] [ ► ]: For maneuvering between parameter groups, parameters and within parameters. Can also be used for setting local reference.
12 [OK]: For selecting a parameter and for accepting changes to parameter settings
Table 6.2 Legend to
D. Operation keys and indicator lights (LEDs)
13 [Hand On]: Starts the motor and enables control of the frequency converter via the LCP.
NOTICE
Terminal 27 Digital Input ( 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital
Input ) has coast inverse as default setting. This means that [Hand On] does not start the motor if there is no 24 V to terminal 27. Connect terminal
12 to terminal 27.
14 [Off/Reset]: Stops the motor (Off). If in alarm mode, the alarm is reset.
15 [Auto On]: Frequency converter is controlled either via control terminals or serial communication.
Table 6.3 Legend to
68 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
How to Programme VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
6.3 Menus
6.3.1 Status Menu
In the Status menu the selection options are:
•
Motor Frequency [Hz], 16-13 Frequency
• Motor Current [A], 16-14 Motor current
• Motor Speed Reference in Percentage [%],
16-02 Reference [%]
• Feedback, 16-52 Feedback[Unit]
•
Motor Power [kW] (if 0-03 Regional Settings is set to [1] North America , Motor Power is shown in the unit of hp instead of kW), 16-10 Power [kW] for kW, 16-11 Power [hp] for hp
• Custom Readout 16-09 Custom Readout
6.3.2 Quick Menu
Use the Quick Menu to programme the most common
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive functions. The Quick Menu consists of:
•
Wizard for open loop applications
• Closed loop set-up wizard
• Motor set-up
• Changes made
6.3.3 Start-up Wizard for Open Loop
Applications
The built-in wizard menu guides the installer through the set-up of the frequency converter to an open loop application. An open loop application is here an application with a start signal, analog reference (voltage or current) and optionally also relay signals (but no feed back signal from the process applied).
+24V
FC
12
DIG IN
DIG IN
COM DIG IN
DIG IN
DIG IN
18
19
20
27
29
Start
+10V
A IN
A IN
COM
A OUT / D OUT
A OUT / D OUT
50
53
54
55
42
45
+
Reference
-
0-10V
01
02
03
04
05
06
Illustration 6.2 Set-up of the Frequency Converter
The wizard is initially shown after power up until any parameter has been changed. The wizard can always be accessed again through the Quick Menu. Press [OK] to start the wizard. Press [Back] to return to the status screen.
Press OK to start Wizard
Push Back to skip it
Setup 1
Illustration 6.3 Wizard
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6 6
... the HVAC FC 101 Wizard starts
At power up the user is asked to choose the prefered laguage.
1
Select language
[1] English
Setup 1
Menu
Status Quick
Menu
Com.
On
Warn.
Alarm
Ba ck
OK
Main
Menu
Hand
On
Off
Reset
Power Up Screen
OK
The next screen will be the Wizard screen.
2
Press OK to start Wizard
Press Back to skip it
Setup 1
Menu
Status Quick
Menu
Com.
Main
Menu
On
Warn.
Alarm
Ba ck
OK
Wizard Screen if
Ba ck
3
Com.
0.0 Hz
Setup 1
Menu
Status Quick
Menu
On
Warn.
Alarm
Ba ck
OK
Main
Menu
Off
Reset
Status Screen
The Wizard can always be reentered via the Quick Menu!
38
39
Wizard completed
Press OK to accept
Setup 1
0.0 Hz
0.0 kW
Setup 1
Illustration 6.4 Open Loop Set-up Wizard if OK
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Select Regional Settings
[0] Power kW/50 Hz
Setup 1
PM motor
Set Motor current
3.8
A
Setup 1
Select Motor nominal speed
3000 RPM
Setup 1
Set Motor Cont. Rated Torque
5.4
Nm
Setup 1
Grid Type
[0] 200-240V/50Hz/Delta
Setup 1
Select Motor Type
[0] Asynchronous
Setup 1
Stator resistance
0.65
Ohms
Setup 1
Motor poles
8
Setup 1
Back EMF at 1000 rpm
57 V
Setup 1 d-axis inductance
5 mH
Setup 1
Set Max Output Frequency
0065 Hz
Setup 1
4
5
6
Set Motor Power
1.50
kW
Setup 1
Asynchronous Motor
7
Set Motor Voltage
0050 V
Setup 1
Set Motor frequency
0050 Hz
Setup 1
Set Motor current
04.66
A
Setup 1
Set Motor nominal speed
1420 RPM
Setup 1
8
9
10
11
20
Set Motor Speed low Limit
0000 Hz
Setup 1
21
Set Motor Speed high Limit
0050 Hz
Setup 1
22
Set Ramp 1 ramp-up time
0003 s
Setup 1
23
Set Ramp 1 ramp-down Time
0003 s
Setup 1
Motor Type = Asynchronous
Motor Type = PM Motor
24
Active Flying start?
[0] Disable
Setup 1
Current
25
Select T53 Mode
[0] Current
Setup 1
Voltage
(Do not AMA)
37
28
29
Set T53 Low Current
04.66
A
Setup 1
Set T53 low Voltage
0050
Setup 1
V
Set T53 High Current
13.30
Setup 1
A
30
Set Min Reference
0000
Setup 1
Hz
31
Set Max Reference
0050
Setup 1
Hz
32
33
34
Select Function of Relay 1
[0]
Setup 1
Select Function of Relay 2
No function
Setup 1
Automatic Motor Adaption
Off
Setup 1
Set T53 high Voltage
0220
Setup 1
V
Do AMA
Auto Motor Adapt OK
Press OK
Setup 1
35
AMA running
-----
Setup 1
36
26
27
AMA Failed
AMA OK AMA failed
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How to Programme VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Start-up Wizard for Open Loop Applications
Parameter Range
0-03 Regional Settings [0] International
[1] US
0-06 GridType [0] 200-240 V/50 Hz/IT-grid
[1] 200-240 V/50 Hz/Delta
[2] 200-240 V/50 Hz
[10] 380-440 V/50 Hz/IT-grid
[11] 380-440 V/50 Hz/Delta
[12] 380-440 V/50 Hz
[20] 440-480 V/50 Hz/IT-grid
[21] 440-480 V/50 Hz/Delta
[22] 440-480 V/50 Hz
[30] 525-600 V/50 Hz/IT-grid
[31] 525-600 V/50 Hz/Delta
[32] 525-600 V/50 Hz
[100] 200-240 V/60 Hz/IT-grid
[101] 200-240 V/60 Hz/Delta
[102] 200-240 V/60 Hz
[110] 380-440 V/60 Hz/IT-grid
[111] 380-440 V/60 Hz/Delta
[112] 380-440 V/60 Hz
[120] 440-480 V/60 Hz/IT-grid
[121] 440-480 V/60 Hz/Delta
[122] 440-480 V/60 Hz
[130] 525-600 V/60 Hz/IT-grid
[131] 525-600 V/60 Hz/Delta
[132] 525-600 V/60 Hz
1-10 Motor Construction *[0] Asynchron
[1] PM, non salient SPM
Default
0
Size related
[0] Asynchron
1-20 Motor Power
1-22 Motor Voltage
1-23 Motor Frequency
0.12-110 kW/0.16-150 hp
50.0-1000.0 V
20.0-400.0 Hz
Size related
Size related
Size related
Function
Select operating mode for restart upon reconnection of the frequency converter to mains voltage after power down
Setting the parameter value might change these parameters:
1-01 Motor Control Principle
1-03 Torque Characteristics
1-14 Damping Gain
1-15 Low Speed Filter Time Const
1-16 High Speed Filter Time Const
1-17 Voltage filter time const
1-20 Motor Power
1-22 Motor Voltage
1-23 Motor Frequency
1-24 Motor Current
1-25 Motor Nominal Speed
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque
1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs)
1-33 Stator Leakage Reactance (X1)
1-35 Main Reactance (Xh)
1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld)
1-39 Motor Poles
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM
1-66 Min. Current at Low Speed
1-72 Start Function
1-73 Flying Start
4-19 Max Output Frequency
4-58 Missing Motor Phase Function
Enter motor power from nameplate data
Enter motor voltage from nameplate data
Enter motor frequency from nameplate data
6 6
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6 6
How to Programme
Parameter
1-24 Motor Current
1-25 Motor Nominal
Speed
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated
Torque
Range
0.01-10000.00 A
100.0-9999.0 RPM
0.1-1000.0
1-29 Automatic Motor
Adaption (AMA)
1-30 Stator Resistance
(Rs)
1-37 d-axis Inductance
(Ld)
See 1-29 Automatic Motor
Adaption (AMA)
0.000-99.990
0-1000
1-39 Motor Poles
1-40 Back EMF at 1000
RPM
1-73 Flying Start
1-73 Flying Start
2-100
10-9000
[0] Disabled
[1] Enabled
3-02 Minimum Reference -4999-4999
3-03 Maximum Reference -4999-4999
3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up
Time
0.05-3600.0 s
3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp
Down Time
0.05-3600.0 s
4-12 Motor Speed Low
Limit [Hz]
4-14 Motor Speed High
Limit [Hz]
4-19 Max Output
Frequency
5-40 Function Relay [0]
Function relay
5-40 Function Relay [1]
Function relay
6-10 Terminal 53 Low
Voltage
0.0-400 Hz
0.0-400 Hz
0-400
See 5-40 Function Relay
See 5-40 Function Relay
0-10 V
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Default
Size related
Size related
Size related
Off
Size related
Size related
0
4
Size related
0
50
Size related
Size related
0 Hz
65 Hz
Size related
Alarm
Drive running
0.07 V
Function
Enter motor current from nameplate data
Enter motor nominal speed from nameplate data
This parameter is available only when 1-10 Motor
Construction Design is set to [1] PM, non-salient
SPM .
NOTICE
Changing this parameter affects settings of other parameters
Performing an AMA optimises motor performance
Set the stator resistance value
Enter the value of the d-axis inductance.
Obtain the value from the permanent magnet motor data sheet. The de-axis inductance cannot be found by performing an AMA.
Enter the number of motor poles
Line-Line RMS back EMF voltage at 1000 RPM
When PM is selected, Flying Start is enabled and can not disable
Select [1] Enable to enable the frequency converter to catch a motor spinning due to mains drop-out.
Select [0] Disable if this function is not required.
When is enabled 1-71 Start Delay and 1-72 Start
Function have no function. is active in VVC plus mode only
The minimum reference is the lowest value obtainable by summing all references
The maximum reference is the lowest obtainable by summing all references
Ramp up time from 0 to rated 1-23 Motor
Frequency if Asynchron motor is selected; ramp up time from 0 to 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed if PM motor is selected
Ramp down time from rated 1-23 Motor Frequency to 0 if Asynchron motor is selected; ramp down time from 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed to 0 if PM motor is selected
Enter the minimum limit for low speed
Enter the maximum limit for high speed
Enter the maximum output frequency value
Select the function to control output relay 1
Select the function to control output relay 2
Enter the voltage that corresponds to the low reference value
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How to Programme
Parameter
6-11 Terminal 53 High
Voltage
6-12 Terminal 53 Low
Current
Range
0-10 V
0-20 mA
6-13 Terminal 53 High
Current
0-20 mA
6-19 Terminal 53 mode [0] Current
[1] Voltage
Table 6.4 Open Loop Application
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
20
1
Default
10 V
4
Function
Enter the voltage that corresponds to the high reference value
Enter the current that corresponds to the low reference value
Enter the current that corresponds to the high reference value
Select if terminal 53 is used for current- or voltage input
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6 6
10
PM motor
1-24 Motor Current
3.8 A
11
1-25 Motor nominal speed
3000 RPM
12
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque
5.4
Nm
13
14
1-30 Stator resistance
0.65
Ohms
1-39 Motor poles
8
15
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 rpm
57 V
16
17
1-37 d-axis inductance(Ld)
5 mH
4-19 Max Ouput Frequency
0065 Hz
1
2
3
4
0-03 Regional Settings
[0] Power kW/50 Hz
0-06 Grid Type
[0] 200-240V/50Hz/Delta
1-00 Configuration Mode
[3] Closed Loop
1-10 Motor Type
[0] Asynchronous
Current
31
6-22 T54 Low Current
04.66
A
32
6-24 T54 low Feedback
0016 Hz
33
6-23 T54 high Current
13.30
A
34
6-25 T54 high Feedback
0050 Hz
1-20 Motor Power
1.10 kW
Asynchronous Motor
5
1-22 Motor Voltage
1-23 Motor frequency
0050 Hz
1-24 Motor current
04.66
A
1-25 Motor nominal speed
1420 RPM
6
7
8
9
18
19
20
4-12 Motor speed low limit
0016 Hz
4-13 Motor speed high limit
0050 Hz
3-41 Ramp 1 ramp-up time
0003 s
21
3-42 Ramp1 ramp-down time
0003 s
MotorType = PM Motor
22a
22b
23
24
25
20-00 Feedback 1 source
[1] Analog input 54
3-16 Reference Source 2
[0] No Operation
3-02 Min Reference
0.00
3-03 Max Reference
50.00
3-10 Preset reference [0]
0.00 %
26
35
6-29 Terminal 54 Mode
[1] Voltage
6-26 T54 Filter time const.
0.01
s
36
37
20-81 PI Normal/Inverse Control
[0] Normal
20-83 PI Normal/Inverse Control
0050 Hz
38
20-93 PI Proportional Gain
00.50
39
20-94 PI integral time
s
40
1-29 Automatic Motor Adaption
[0] Off
22
MotorType = Asynchronous
1-73 Flying Start
[0] No
This dialog is forced to be set to
[1] Analog input 54
Voltage
6-20 T54 low Voltage
0050 V
6-24 T54 low Feedback
0016 Hz
6-21 T54 high Voltage
0220 V
6-25 T54 high Feedback
0050 Hz
27
28
29
30
Illustration 6.5 Closed Loop Set-up Wizard
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Closed Loop Set-up Wizard
Parameter
0-03 Regional Settings
0-06 GridType
1-00 Configuration Mode
1-10 Motor Construction
1-20 Motor Power
1-22 Motor Voltage
1-23 Motor Frequency
1-24 Motor Current
1-25 Motor Nominal Speed
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque
1-29 Automatic Motor Adaption
(AMA)
1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs)
1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld)
1-39 Motor Poles
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM
Range
[0] International
[1] US
[0] -[[132] see start -up wizard for open loop application
Default
0
Size selected
[0] Open loop
[3] Closed loop
*[0] Motor construction
[1] PM, non salient SPM
0
[0] Asynchron
0.09-110 kW
50.0-1000.0 V
20.0-400.0 Hz
0.0 -10000.00 A
100.0-9999.0 RPM
0.1-1000.0
0.000-99.990
0-1000
2-100
10-9000
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size relate
Off
Size related
Size related
4
Size related
Function
Select operating mode for restart upon reconnection of the frequency converter to mains voltage after power down
Change this parameter to Closed loop
Setting the parameter value might change these parameters:
1-01 Motor Control Principle
1-03 Torque Characteristics
1-14 Damping Gain
1-15 Low Speed Filter Time Const
1-16 High Speed Filter Time Const
1-17 Voltage filter time const
1-20 Motor Power
1-22 Motor Voltage
1-23 Motor Frequency
1-25 Motor Nominal Speed
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque
1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs)
1-33 Stator Leakage Reactance (X1)
1-35 Main Reactance (Xh)
1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld)
1-39 Motor Poles
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM
1-66 Min. Current at Low Speed
1-72 Start Function
1-73 Flying Start
4-19 Max Output Frequency
4-58 Missing Motor Phase Function
Enter motor power from nameplate data
Enter motor voltage from nameplate data
Enter motor frequency from nameplate data
Enter motor current from nameplate data
Enter motor nominal speed from nameplate data
This parameter is available only when
1-10 Motor Construction Design is set to [1]
PM, non-salient SPM .
NOTICE
Changing this parameter affects settings of other parameters
Performing an AMA optimizes motor performance
Set the stator resistance value
Enter the value of the d-axis inductance.
Obtain the value from the permanent magnet motor data sheet. The de-axis inductance cannot be found by performing an AMA.
Enter the number of motor poles
Line-Line RMS back EMF voltage at 1000 RPM
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Parameter
1-73 Flying Start
3-02 Minimum Reference
3-03 Maximum Reference
3-10 Preset Reference
3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time
6 6 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time 0.05-3600.0 s
4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz]
4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz]
4-19 Max Output Frequency
6-29 Terminal 54 mode
6-20 Terminal 54 Low Voltage
6-21 Terminal 54 High Voltage
6-22 Terminal 54 Low Current
6-23 Terminal 54 High Current
6-24 Terminal 54 Low Ref./Feedb.
Value
6-25 Terminal 54 High Ref./Feedb.
Value
6-26 Terminal 54 Filter Time
Constant
20-81 PI Normal/ Inverse Control
0.0-400 Hz
0-400 Hz
0-400
[0] Current
[1] Voltage
0-10 V
0-10 V
0-20 mA
0-20 mA
-4999-4999
-4999-4999
0-10 s
[0] Normal
[1] Inverse
20-83 PI Start Speed [Hz]
20-93 PI Proportional Gain
0-200 Hz
0-10
20-94 PI Integral Time
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Range
[0] Disabled
[1] Enabled
-4999-4999
-4999-4999
-100-100%
0.05-3600.0 s
0.1-999.0 s
4
20
0
0.0 Hz
65 Hz
Size related
1
0.07 V
10 V
50
0.01
0
Default
0
0
50
0
Size related
Size related
0
0.01
999.0 s
Function
Select [1] Enable to enable the frequency converter to catch a spinning motor. I.e. fan applications. When PM is selected, Flying Start is enabled.
The minimum reference is the lowest value obtainable by summing all references
The maximum reference is the highest value obtainable by summing all references
Enter the set point
Ramp up time from 0 to rated 1-23 Motor
Frequency if Asynchron motor is selected; ramp up time from 0 to 1-25 Motor Nominal
Speed if PM motor is selected"
Ramp down time from rated 1-23 Motor
Frequency to 0 if Asynchron motor is selected; ramp down time from 1-25 Motor Nominal
Speed to 0 if PM motor is selected
Enter the minimum limit for low speed
Enter the minimum limit for high speed
Enter the maximum output frequency value
Select if terminal 54 is used for current- or voltage input
Enter the voltage that corresponds to the low reference value
Enter the voltage that corresponds to the low high reference value
Enter the current that corresponds to the high reference value
Enter the current that corresponds to the high reference value
Enter the feedback value that corresponds to the voltage or current set in 6-20 Terminal 54
Low Voltage / 6-22 Terminal 54 Low Current
Enter the feedback value that corresponds to the voltage or current set in 6-21 Terminal 54
High Voltage / 6-23 Terminal 54 High Current
Enter the filter time comstant
Select [0] Normal to set the process control to increase the output speed when the process error is positive. Select [1] Inverse to reduce the output speed.
Enter the motor speed to be attained as a start signal for commencement of PI control
Enter the process controller proportional gain.
Quick control is obtained at high amplification. However if amplification is too great, the process may become unstable
Enter the process controller integral time.
Obtain quick control through a short integral time, though if the integral time is too short, the process becomes unstable. An excessively long integral time disables the integral action.
Table 6.5 Closed Loop Application
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Motor Set-up
The Quick Menu Motor Set-up guides through the needed motor parameters.
Parameter
0-03 Regional Settings
0-06 GridType
Range
[0] International
[1] US
[0] -[132] see start -up wizard for open loop application
Default
0
Size selected
1-10 Motor Construction *[0] Motor construction
[1] PM, non salient SPM
0.12-110 kW/0.16-150 hp 1-20 Motor Power
1-22 Motor Voltage 50.0-1000.0 V
20.0-400.0 Hz 1-23 Motor Frequency
1-24 Motor Current 0.01-10000.00 A
100.0-9999.0 RPM 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed
1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque 0.1-1000.0
[0] Asynchron
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size related
Size related
1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs)
1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld)
0.000-99.990
0-1000
1-39 Motor Poles
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM
1-73 Flying Start
2-100
10-9000
[0] Disabled
[1] Enabled
3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time 0.05-3600.0 s
3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time 0.05-3600.0 s
4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit
[Hz]
4-14 Motor Speed High Limit
[Hz]
4-19 Max Output Frequency
0.0-400 Hz
0.0-400 Hz
0-400
Table 6.6 Motor Parameters
Size related
Size related
4
Size related
0
Size related
Size related
0.0 Hz
65
Size related
Function
Select operating mode for restart upon reconnection of the frequency converter to mains voltage after power down
Enter motor power from nameplate data
Enter motor voltage from nameplate data
Enter motor frequency from nameplate data
Enter motor current from nameplate data
Enter motor nominal speed from nameplate data
This parameter is available only when
1-10 Motor Construction Design is set to [1] PM, non-salient SPM .
NOTICE
Changing this parameter affects settings of other parameters
Set the stator resistance value
Enter the value of the d-axis inductance.
Obtain the value from the permanent magnet motor data sheet. The de-axis inductance cannot be found by performing an AMA.
Enter the number of motor poles
Line-Line RMS back EMF voltage at
1000 RPM
Select [1] Enable to enable the frequency converter to catch a spinning motor
Ramp up time from 0 to rated
1-23 Motor Frequency
Ramp down time from rated
1-23 Motor Frequency to 0
Enter the minimum limit for low speed
Enter the maximum limit for high speed
Enter the maximum output frequency value
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6 6
Changes Made
Changes Made lists all parameters changed since factory setting. Only the changed parameters in current edit-setup are listed in changes made.
If the parameter's value is changed back to factory setting's value from another different value, the parameter will NOT be listed in Changes Made .
1.
2.
3.
Press [Menu] to enter the Quick Menu until indicator in display is placed above Quick Menu.
Press [ ▲ ] [ ▼ ] to select either wizard, closed loop setup, motor setup or changes made, then press
[OK].
Press [ ▲ ] [ ▼ ] to browse through the parameters in the Quick Menu.
6.
7.
4.
5.
Press [OK] to select a parameter.
Press [ ▲ ] [ ▼ ] to change the value of a parameter setting.
Press [OK] to accept the change.
Press either [Back] twice to enter “Status”, or press [Menu] once to enter “Main Menu”.
6.3.4 Main Menu
[Main Menu] is used for access to and programming of all parameters. The Main Menu parameters can be accessed readily unless a password has been created via 0-60 Main
Menu Password .
For the majority of VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive applications it is not necessary to access the Main Menu parameters but instead the Quick Menu provides the simplest and quickest access to the typical required parameters.
The Main Menu accesses all parameters.
1.
2.
Press [Menu] until indicator in display is placed above “Main Menu”.
Press [ ▲ ] [ ▼ ] to browse through the parameter groups.
Press [OK] to select a parameter group.
3.
4.
Press [ ▲ ] [ ▼ ] to browse through the parameters in the specific group.
Press [OK] to select the parameter.
5.
6.
Press [ ▲ ] [ ▼ ] to set/change the parameter value.
Press [Back] to go back one level.
6.4 Quick Transfer of Parameter Settings between Multiple Frequency Converters
Once the set-up of a frequency converter is complete,
Danfoss recommends to store the data in the LCP or on a
PC via MCT 10 Set-up Software tool.
Data transfer from frequency converter to LCP:
WARNING
Stop the motor before performing this operation.
1.
2.
3.
Go to 0-50 LCP Copy
Press [OK]
Select [1] All to LCP
4.
Press [OK]
Connect the LCP to another frequency converter and copy the parameter settings to this frequency converter as well.
Data transfer from LCP to frequency converter:
WARNING
Stop the motor before performing this operation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Go to 0-50 LCP Copy
Press [OK]
Select [2] All from LCP
Press [OK]
6.5 Read-out and Programming of Indexed
Parameters
Select the parameter, press [OK], and press [ ▲ ]/[ ▼ ] to scroll through the indexed values. To change the parameter value, select the indexed value and press [OK]. Change the value by pressing [ ▲ ]/[ ▼ ]. Press [OK] to accept the new setting. Press [Cancel] to abort. Press [Back] to leave the parameter.
6.6 Initialise the Frequency Converter to
Default Settings in two Ways
Recommended initialisation (via 14-22 Operation Mode )
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select 14-22 Operation Mode .
Press [OK].
Select [2] Initialisation and Press [OK].
Cut off the mains supply and wait until the display turns off.
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5.
Reconnect the mains supply - the frequency converter is now reset.
Except the following parameters:
8-30 Protocol
8-31 Address
8-32 Baud Rate
8-33 Parity / Stop Bits
8-35 Minimum Response Delay
8-36 Maximum Response Delay
8-37 Maximum Inter-char delay
8-70 BACnet Device Instance
8-72 MS/TP Max Masters
8-73 MS/TP Max Info Frames
8-74 "I am" Service
8-75 Intialisation Password
15-00 Operating hours to 15-05 Over Volt's
15-03 Power Up's
15-04 Over Temp's
15-05 Over Volt's
15-30 Alarm Log: Error Code
15-4* Drive identification parameters
1-06 Clockwise Direction
2 finger initialisation
1.
Power off the frequency converter.
2.
3.
Press [OK] and [Menu].
Power up the frequency converter while still pressing the keys above for 10 s.
4.
The frequency converter is now reset, except the following parameters:
15-00 Operating hours
15-03 Power Up's
15-04 Over Temp's
15-05 Over Volt's
15-4* Drive identification parameters
Initialisation of parameters is confirmed by AL80 in the display after the power cycle.
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RS-485 Installation and Set...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
7 RS-485 Installation and Set-up
7 7
7.1 RS-485
7.1.1 Overview
RS-485 is a 2-wire bus interface compatible with multi-drop network topology, that is, nodes can be connected as a bus, or via drop cables from a common trunk line. A total of 32 nodes can be connected to one network segment.
Repeaters divide network segments.
NOTICE
Each repeater functions as a node within the segment in which it is installed. Each node connected within a given network must have a unique node address, across all segments.
Terminate each segment at both ends, using either the termination switch (S801) of the frequency converters or a biased termination resistor network. Always use screened twisted pair (STP) cable for bus cabling, and always follow good common installation practice.
Low-impedance earth connection of the screen at every node is important, including at high frequencies. Thus, connect a large surface of the screen to earth, for example with a cable clamp or a conductive cable gland. It may be necessary to apply potential-equalizing cables to maintain the same earth potential throughout the network - particularly in installations with long cables.
To prevent impedance mismatch, always use the same type of cable throughout the entire network. When connecting a motor to the frequency converter, always use screened motor cable.
Cable
Impedance
[ Ω ]
Cable length
[m]
Screened twisted pair (STP)
120
Max. 1200 (including drop lines)
Max. 500 station-to-station
Table 7.1 Cable
7.1.2 Network Connection
Connect the frequency converter to the RS-485 network as follows (see also
1.
Connect signal wires to terminal 68 (P+) and terminal 69 (N-) on the main control board of the frequency converter.
2.
Connect the cable screen to the cable clamps.
NOTICE
Screened, twisted-pair cables are recommended to reduce noise between conductors.
61 68 69
Illustration 7.1 Network Connection
7.1.3 Frequency Converter Hardware Setup
Use the terminator dip switch on the main control board of the frequency converter to terminate the RS-485 bus.
Illustration 7.2 Terminator Switch Factory Setting
The factory setting for the dip switch is OFF.
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VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
7.1.4 Frequency Converter Parameter
Settings for Modbus Communication
Define the RS-485 Communicaiton Set-up
Parameter
8-30 Protocol
8-31 Address
Function
Select the application protocol to run on the RS-485 interface
Set the node address.
NOTICE
The address range depends on the protocol selected in 8-30 Protocol
8-32 Baud Rate Set the baud rate.
NOTICE
The default baud rate depends on the protocol selected in 8-30 Protocol
8-33 Parity / Stop
Bits
Set the parity and number of stop bits.
NOTICE
The default selection depends on the protocol selected in 8-30 Protocol
8-35 Minimum
Response Delay
8-36 Maximum
Response Delay
8-37 Maximum
Inter-char delay
Specify a minimum delay time between receiving a request and transmitting a response. This function is for overcoming modem turnaround delays.
Specify a maximum delay time between transmitting a request and receiving a response.
If transmission is interrupted, specify a maximum delay time between two received bytes to ensure time-out.
Table 7.2 Modbus Communication Parameter Settings
7.1.5 EMC Precautions
To achieve interference-free operation of the RS-485 network, Danfoss recommends the following EMC precautions.
NOTICE
Observe relevant national and local regulations, for example regarding protective earth connection. To avoid coupling of high-frequency noise between the cables, the RS-485 communication cable must be kept away from motor and brake resistor cables. Normally, a distance of 200 mm (8 inches) is sufficient, but Danfoss recommends keeping the greatest possible distance between the cables. Especially where cables run in parallel over long distances. When crossing is unavoidable, the RS-485 cable must cross motor and brake resistor cables at an angle of 90 ° .
7.2 FC Protocol Overview
The FC protocol, also referred to as FC bus or Standard bus, is the Danfoss standard fieldbus. It defines an access technique according to the master-follower principle for communications via a serial bus.
One master and a maximum of 126 followers can be connected to the bus. The master selects the individual followers via an address character in the telegram. A follower itself can never transmit without first being requested to do so, and direct message transfer between the individual followers is not possible. communications occur in the half-duplex mode.
The master function cannot be transferred to another node
(single-master system).
The physical layer is RS-485, thus utilising the RS-485 port built into the frequency converter. The FC protocol supports different telegram formats:
• A short format of 8 bytes for process data.
• A long format of 16 bytes that also includes a parameter channel.
•
A format used for texts.
7.2.1 FC with Modbus RTU
The FC protocol provides access to the Control Word and
Bus Reference of the frequency converter.
The Control Word allows the Modbus master to control several important functions of the frequency converter.
7 7
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7 7
• Start
• Stop of the frequency converter in various ways:
•
Coast stop
• Quick stop
• DC Brake stop
• Normal (ramp) stop
•
Reset after a fault trip
• Run at various preset speeds
• Run in reverse
• Change of the active set-up
•
Control of the 2 relays built into the frequency converter
The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and where possible, write values to them. This permits a range of control options, including controlling the setpoint of the frequency converter when its internal PI controller is used.
7.3 Network Configuration
7.3.1 Frequency Converter Set-up
Set the following parameters to enable the FC protocol for the frequency converter.
Parameter
8-30 Protocol
8-31 Address
8-32 Baud Rate
8-33 Parity / Stop Bits
Setting
FC
1-126
2400-115200
Even parity, 1 stop bit (default)
Table 7.3 Network Configuration Parameters
7.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure
7.4.1 Content of a Character (byte)
Each character transferred begins with a start bit. Then 8 data bits are transferred, corresponding to a byte. Each character is secured via a parity bit. This bit is set at "1" when it reaches parity. Parity is when there is an equal number of 1s in the 8 data bits and the parity bit in total.
A stop bit completes a character, thus consisting of 11 bits in all.
7.4.2 Telegram Structure
Each telegram has the following structure:
1.
2.
Start character (STX)=02 Hex
A byte denoting the telegram length (LGE)
3.
A byte denoting the frequency converter address
(ADR)
A number of data bytes (variable, depending on the type of telegram) follows.
A data control byte (BCC) completes the telegram.
STX LGE ADR
Illustration 7.4 Telegram Structure
DATA
7.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE)
BCC
The telegram length is the number of data bytes plus the address byte ADR and the data control byte BCC.
4 data bytes
12 data bytes
Telegramscontaining texts
LGE=4+1+1=6 bytes
LGE=12+1+1=14 bytes
10 1) +n bytes
Table 7.4 Length of Telegrams
1) The 10 represents the fixed characters, while the “n’” is variable
(depending on the length of the text).
7.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR)
Address format 1-126
Bit 7=1 (address format 1-126 active)
Bit 0-6=frequency converter address 1-126
Bit 0-6=0 Broadcast
The follower returns the address byte unchanged to the master in the response telegram.
7.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC)
The checksum is calculated as an XOR-function. Before the first byte in the telegram is received, the calculated checksum is 0.
Start bit
0 1 2 3 4 5
Illustration 7.3 Content of a Character
6 7 Even Stop
Parity bit
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VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
7.4.6 The Data Field
The structure of data blocks depends on the type of telegram. There are 3 telegram types, and the type applies for both control telegrams (master ⇒ follower) and response telegrams (follower ⇒ master).
The 3 types of telegram are:
Process block (PCD)
The PCD is made up of a data block of 4 bytes (2 words) and contains:
Control word and reference value (from master to follower)
Status word and present output frequency (from follower to master)
STX LGE ADR
Illustration 7.5 Process Block
PCD1 PCD2 BCC
Parameter block
The parameter block is used to transfer parameters between master and follower. The data block is made up of 12 bytes (6 words) and also contains the process block.
STX LGE ADR PKE IND PWE high
PWE low PCD1 PCD2 BCC
Illustration 7.6 Parameter Block
Text block
The text block is used to read or write texts via the data block.
STX LGE ADR PKE IND Ch1 Ch2
Illustration 7.7 Text Block
Chn PCD1 PCD2 BCC
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7.4.7 The PKE Field
The PKE field contains 2 subfields: Parameter command and response (AK) and Parameter number (PNU):
PKE
Illustration 7.8 PKE Field
IND
AK
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PNU
PWE high
PWE low
Bits no. 12-15 transfer parameter commands from master to follower and return processed follower responses to the master.
0
0
0
0
Parameter commands master ⇒ follower
Bit no.
15 14 13 12
Parameter command
0
0
0
0
0
1
No command
Read parameter value
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0 Write parameter value in RAM (word)
1 Write parameter value in RAM (double word)
1 Write parameter value in RAM and
EEprom (double word)
0 Write parameter value in RAM and
EEprom (word)
1 Read text
Table 7.5 Parameter Commands
0
1
0
0
Response follower ⇒ master
Bit no.
Response
15 14 13 12
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
No response
Parameter value transferred (word)
Parameter value transferred (double word)
1
1
1
1
1
1
Command cannot be performed text transferred
Table 7.6 Response
If the command cannot be performed, the follower sends this response:
0111 Command cannot be performed
- and issues the following fault report in the parameter value:
130
131
132
252
253
254
255
7
9
11
15
17
18
100
>100
5
6
3
4
1
2
Error code
0
Table 7.7 Follower Report
FC+ Specification
Illegal Parameter Number
Parameter cannot be changed.
Upper or lower limit exceeded
Subindex corrupted
No Array
Wrong Data Type
Not used
Not used
Description element not available
No parameter write access
No text available
Not while Running
Other error
No bus access for this parameter
Write to factory set-up not possible
No LCP access
Unknown viewer
Request not supported
Unknown attribute
No error
7.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU)
Bits no. 0-11 transfer parameter numbers. The function of the relevant parameter is defined in the parameter description in
7.4.9 Index (IND)
The index is used with the parameter number to read/ write-access parameters with an index, for example,
15-30 Alarm Log: Error Code . The index consists of 2 bytes; a low byte, and a high byte.
Only the low byte is used as an index.
7.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE)
The parameter value block consists of 2 words (4 bytes), and the value depends on the defined command (AK). The master prompts for a parameter value when the PWE block contains no value. To change a parameter value (write),
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When a follower responds to a parameter request (read command), the present parameter value in the PWE block is transferred and returned to the master. If a parameter contains several data options, e.g. 0-01 Language , select the data value by entering the value in the PWE block.
Serial communication is only capable of reading parameters containing data type 9 (text string).
15-40 FC Type to 15-53 Power Card Serial Number contain data type 9.
For example, read the unit size and mains voltage range in
15-40 FC Type . When a text string is transferred (read), the length of the telegram is variable, and the texts are of different lengths. The telegram length is defined in the second byte of the telegram (LGE). When using text transfer, the index character indicates whether it is a read or a write command.
To read a text via the PWE block, set the parameter command (AK) to ’F’ Hex. The index character high-byte must be “4”.
7.4.11 Data Types Supported by the
Frequency Converter
Unsigned means that there is no operational sign in the telegram.
7
9
5
6
Data types
3
4
Table 7.8 Data Types
Description
Integer 16
Integer 32
Unsigned 8
Unsigned 16
Unsigned 32
Text string
7.4.12 Conversion
The various attributes of each parameter are displayed in the chapter Parameter Lists in the Programming Guide .
Parameter values are transferred as whole numbers only.
Conversion factors are therefore used to transfer decimals.
4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] has a conversion factor of
0.1.
To preset the minimum frequency to 10 Hz, transfer the value 100. A conversion factor of 0.1 means that the value transferred is multiplied by 0.1. The value 100 is thus perceived as 10.0.
0
-1
-2
-3
2
1
Conversion index
74
-4
-5
Table 7.9 Conversion
Conversion factor
0.1
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
7.4.13 Process Words (PCD)
The block of process words is divided into 2 blocks of 16 bits, which always occur in the defined sequence.
PCD 1
Control telegram (master ⇒ follower Control word)
Control telegram (follower ⇒ master) Status word
Table 7.10 Process Words (PCD)
PCD 2
Reference-value
Present output frequency
7.5 Examples
7.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value
Change 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] to 100 Hz.
Write the data in EEPROM.
PKE=E19E Hex - Write single word in 4-14 Motor Speed High
Limit [Hz] :
IND=0000 Hex
PWEHIGH=0000 Hex
PWELOW=03E8 Hex
Data value 1000, corresponding to 100 Hz, see
.
The telegram looks like this:
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E19E H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H
PKE IND
Illustration 7.9 Telegram
PWE high
PWE
low
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NOTICE
4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is a single word, and the parameter command for write in EEPROM is “E”.
Parameter 4-14 is 19E in hexadecimal.
The response from the follower to the master is:
119E H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H
PKE IND PWE high
Illustration 7.10 Response from Master
PWE low
7.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value
Read the value in 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time
PKE=1155 Hex - Read parameter value in 3-41 Ramp 1
Ramp Up Time
IND=0000 Hex
PWE
HIGH
=0000 Hex
PWE
LOW
=0000 Hex
1155 H 0000 H 0000 H 0000 H
PKE IND
Illustration 7.11 Telegram
PWE
high
PWE low
If the value in 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is 10 s, the response from the follower to the master is:
1155 H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H
PKE IND
Illustration 7.12 Response
PWE high
PWE low
3E8 Hex corresponds to 1000 decimal. The conversion index for 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is -2, that is, 0.01.
3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is of the type Unsigned 32 .
7.6 Modbus RTU Overview
7.6.1 Assumptions
Danfoss assumes that the installed controller supports the interfaces in this document, and strictly observes all requirements and limitations stipulated in the controller and frequency converter.
7.6.2 What the User Should Already Know
The Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is designed to communicate with any controller that supports the interfaces defined in this document. It is assumed that the user has full knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the controller.
7.6.3 Modbus RTU Overview
Regardless of the type of physical communication networks, the Modbus RTU Overview describes the process a controller uses to request access to another device. This process includes how the Modbus RTU responds to requests from another device, and how errors are detected and reported. It also establishes a common format for the layout and contents of message fields.
During communications over a Modbus RTU network, the protocol determines:
• How each controller learns its device address
• Recognizes a message addressed to it
•
Determines which actions to take
• Extracts any data or other information contained in the message
If a reply is required, the controller constructs the reply message and sends it.
Controllers communicate using a master-follower technique in which only the master can initiate transactions (called queries). Followers respond by supplying the requested data to the master, or by taking the action requested in the query.
The master can address individual followers, or can initiate a broadcast message to all followers. Followers return a response to queries that are addressed to them individually. No responses are returned to broadcast queries from the master. The Modbus RTU protocol establishes the format for the master’s query by providing the device (or broadcast) address, a function code defining the requested action, any data to be sent, and an errorchecking field. The follower’s response message is also constructed using Modbus protocol. It contains fields confirming the action taken, any data to be returned, and an error-checking field. If an error occurs in receipt of the message, or if the follower is unable to perform the requested action, the follower constructs an error message, and send it in response, or a time-out occurs.
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7.6.4 Frequency Converter with Modbus
RTU
The frequency converter communicates in Modbus RTU format over the built-in RS-485 interface. Modbus RTU provides access to the control word and bus reference of the frequency converter.
The control word allows the modbus master to control several important functions of the frequency converter:
• Start
•
Stop of the frequency converter in various ways:
Coast stop
-
Quick stop
DC Brake stop
Normal (ramp) stop
• Reset after a fault trip
• Run at a variety of preset speeds
• Run in reverse
•
Change the active set-up
• Control the frequency converter’s built-in relay
The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and where possible, write values to them. This permits a range of control options, including controlling the setpoint of the frequency converter when its internal PI controller is used.
7.7 Network Configuration
To enable Modbus RTU on the frequency converter, set the following parameters:
Parameter
8-30 Protocol
8-31 Address
8-32 Baud Rate
8-33 Parity / Stop Bits
Setting
Modbus RTU
1-247
2400-115200
Even parity, 1 stop bit (default)
Table 7.11 Network Configuration
7.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing
Structure
7.8.1 Frequency Converter with Modbus
RTU
The controllers are set up to communicate on the Modbus network using RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) mode, with each byte in a message containing 2 4-bit hexadecimal characters. The format for each byte is shown in
Start bit
Data byte
Table 7.12 Format for Each Byte
Stop/ parity
Stop
Coding System
Bits Per Byte
8-bit binary, hexadecimal 0-9, A-F. 2 hexadecimal characters contained in each 8bit field of the message
1 start bit
8 data bits, least significant bit sent first
1 bit for even/odd parity; no bit for no parity
1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 bits if no parity
Error Check Field Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC)
7.8.2 Modbus RTU Message Structure
The transmitting device places a Modbus RTU message into a frame with a known beginning and ending point.
This allows receiving devices to begin at the start of the message, read the address portion, determine which device is addressed (or all devices, if the message is broadcast), and to recognise when the message is completed. Partial messages are detected and errors set as a result. Characters for transmission must be in hexadecimal 00 to FF format in each field. The frequency converter continuously monitors the network bus, also during ‘silent’ intervals. When the first field (the address field) is received, each frequency converter or device decodes it to determine which device is being addressed.
Modbus RTU messages addressed to zero are broadcast messages. No response is permitted for broadcast messages. A typical message frame is shown in
.
Start Address Function Data CRC check
T1-T2-T3-
T4
8 bits 8 bits N x 8 bits
Table 7.13 Typical Modbus RTU Message Structure
End
16 bits T1-T2-T3-
T4
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7.8.3 Start/Stop Field
Messages start with a silent period of at least 3.5 character intervals. This is implemented as a multiple of character intervals at the selected network baud rate (shown as Start
T1-T2-T3-T4). The first field to be transmitted is the device address. Following the last transmitted character, a similar period of at least 3.5 character intervals marks the end of the message. A new message can begin after this period.
The entire message frame must be transmitted as a continuous stream. If a silent period of more than 1.5
character intervals occurs before completion of the frame, the receiving device flushes the incomplete message and assumes that the next byte is the address field of a new message. Similarly, if a new message begins before 3.5
character intervals after a previous message, the receiving device considers it a continuation of the previous message.
This causes a time-out (no response from the follower), since the value in the final CRC field is not valid for the combined messages.
7.8.4 Address Field
The address field of a message frame contains 8 bits. Valid follower device addresses are in the range of 0-247 decimal. The individual follower devices are assigned addresses in the range of 1-247. (0 is reserved for broadcast mode, which all followers recognise.) A master addresses a follower by placing the follower address in the address field of the message. When the follower sends its response, it places its own address in this address field to let the master know which follower is responding.
7.8.5 Function Field
The function field of a message frame contains 8 bits. Valid codes are in the range of 1-FF. Function fields are used to send messages between master and follower. When a message is sent from a master to a follower device, the function code field tells the follower what kind of action to perform. When the follower responds to the master, it uses the function code field to indicate either a normal (errorfree) response, or that some kind of error occurred (called an exception response). For a normal response, the follower simply echoes the original function code. For an exception response, the follower returns a code that is equivalent to the original function code with its most significant bit set to logic 1. In addition, the follower places a unique code into the data field of the response message.
This tells the master what kind of error occurred, or the reason for the exception. Also refer to
and
7.8.6 Data Field
The data field is constructed using sets of 2 hexadecimal digits, in the range of 00 to FF hexadecimal. These are made up of one RTU character. The data field of messages sent from a master to follower device contains additional information which the follower must use to take the action defined by the function code. This can include items such as coil or register addresses, the quantity of items to be handled, and the count of actual data bytes in the field.
7.8.7 CRC Check Field
Messages include an error-checking field, operating based on a Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) method. The CRC field checks the contents of the entire message. It is applied regardless of any parity check method used for the individual characters of the message. The CRC value is calculated by the transmitting device, which appends the
CRC as the last field in the message. The receiving device recalculates a CRC during receipt of the message and compares the calculated value to the actual value received in the CRC field. If the 2 values are unequal, a bus time-out results. The error-checking field contains a 16-bit binary value implemented as 2 8-bit bytes. When this is done, the low-order byte of the field is appended first, followed by the high-order byte. The CRC high-order byte is the last byte sent in the message.
7.8.8 Coil Register Addressing
In Modbus, all data are organised in coils and holding registers. Coils hold a single bit, whereas holding registers hold a 2-byte word (that is 16 bits). All data addresses in
Modbus messages are referenced to zero. The first occurrence of a data item is addressed as item number zero. For example: The coil known as ‘coil 1’ in a programmable controller is addressed as coil 0000 in the data address field of a Modbus message. Coil 127 decimal is addressed as coil 007EHEX (126 decimal).
Holding register 40001 is addressed as register 0000 in the data address field of the message. The function code field already specifies a ‘holding register’ operation. Therefore, the ‘4XXXX’ reference is implicit. Holding register 40108 is addressed as register 006BHEX (107 decimal).
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Coil
Number
1-16
Description
17-32
33-48
49-64
65
Frequency converter control word
(see
Frequency converter speed or setpoint reference Range 0x0-0xFFFF
(-200% ... -200%)
Frequency converter status word
(see
and
)
Open loop mode: Frequency converter output frequency
Closed loop mode: Frequency converter feedback signal
Parameter write control (master to follower)
0= Parameter changes are written to the RAM of the frequency converter
1= Parameter changes are written to the RAM and
EEPROM of the frequency converter.
66-65536 Reserved
Signal
Direction
Master to follower
Master to follower
Follower to master
Follower to master
Master to follower
12
13
14
15
16
08
09
10
11
04
05
06
07
Table 7.14 Coil Register
Coil 0
01 Preset reference LSB
02
03
Preset reference MSB
DC brake
Coast stop
Quick stop
Freeze freq.
Ramp stop
No reset
No jog
Ramp 1
Data not valid
Relay 1 off
Relay 2 off
Set up LSB
No reversing
1
No DC brake
No coast stop
No quick stop
No freeze freq.
Start
Reset
Jog
Ramp 2
Data valid
Relay 1 on
Relay 2 on
Reversing
Table 7.15 Frequency Converter Control Word (FC Profile)
Coil
33
34
39
40
41
42
43
35
36
37
38
44
45
46
47
48
0
Control not ready
Frequency converter not ready
Coasting stop
No alarm
Not used
Not used
Not used
No warning
Not at reference
Hand mode
Out of freq. range
Stopped
Not used
No voltage warning
Not in current limit
No thermal warning
1
Control ready
Frequency converter ready
Safety closed
Alarm
Not used
Not used
Not used
Warning
At reference
Auto mode
In frequency range
Running
Not used
Voltage warning
Current limit
Thermal warning
Table 7.16 Frequency Converter Status Word (FC Profile)
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3
4
5
1
2
Bus adress Bus register 1
0 1
2
3
4
5
6
PLC Register Content
40001 Reserved
40002
40003
Reserved
Reserved
40004
40005
40006
Free
Free
Modbus conf
6
7
8
9
19
29
7
8
9
10
20
30
40007
40008
40009
40010
40020
40030
Access
Read/Write
Last error code Read only
Last error register Read only
Index pointer
FC par. 0-01
FC par. 0-02
FC par. xx-xx
Read/Write
Dependent on parameter access
Dependent on parameter access
Dependent on parameter access
Description
Reserved for Legacy Drives VLT 5000 and VLT 2800
Reserved for Legacy Drives VLT 5000 and VLT 2800
Reserved for Legacy Drives VLT 5000 and VLT 2800
TCP only. Reserved for Modbus TCP (p12-28 and 12-29 store in Eeprom etc.)
Error code recieved from parameter database, refer to
WHAT 38295 for details
Address of register with which last error occurred, refer to WHAT 38296 for details
Sub index of parameter to be accessed. Refer to WHAT
38297 for details
Parameter 0-01 (Modbus Register=10 parameter number
20 bytes space reserved pr parameter in Modbus Map
Parameter 0-02
20 bytes space reserved pr parameter in Modbus Map
Parameter 0-03
20 bytes space reserved pr parameter in Modbus Map
Table 7.17 Adress/Registers
1) Value written in Modbus RTU telegram must be one or less than register number. E.g. Read Modbus Register 1 by writing value 0 in telegram.
7.8.9 How to Control the Frequency
Converter
This section describes codes which can be used in the function and data fields of a Modbus RTU message.
7.8.10 Function Codes Supported by
Modbus RTU
Modbus RTU supports use of the following function codes in the function field of a message.
Function Function
Code
Diagnostics 8
Subfunction code
1
2
10
11
12
13
14
Sub-function
Restart communication
Return diagnostic register
Clear counters and diagnostic register
Return bus message count
Return bus communication error count
Return bus exception error count
Return follower message count
Function
Read coils
Read holding registers
Write single coil
Write single register
Write multiple coils
Write multiple registers
Get comm. event counter
Report follower ID
Function Code
1 hex
3 hex
5 hex
6 hex
F hex
10 hex
B hex
11 hex
Table 7.19 Function Codes
Table 7.18 Function Codes
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7.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes
For a full explanation of the structure of an exception code response, refer to
.
Code Name
1
2
3
4
Illegal function
Illegal data address
Illegal data value
Follower device failure
Meaning
The function code received in the query is not an allowable action for the server (or follower). This may be because the function code is only applicable to newer devices, and was not implemented in the unit selected. It could also indicate that the server (or follower) is in the wrong state to process a request of this type, for example because it is not configured and is being asked to return register values.
The data address received in the query is not an allowable address for the server
(or follower). More specifically, the combination of reference number and transfer length is invalid. For a controller with 100 registers, a request with offset
96 and length 4 would succeed, a request with offset 96 and length 5 generates exception 02.
A value contained in the query data field is not an allowable value for server (or follower). This indicates a fault in the structure of the remainder of a complex request, such as that the implied length is incorrect. It specifically does NOT mean that a data item submitted for storage in a register has a value outside the expectation of the application program, since the Modbus protocol is unaware of the significance of any particular value of any particular register.
An unrecoverable error occurred while the server (or follower) was attempting to perform the requested action.
Table 7.20 Modbus Exception Codes
7.9 How to Access Parameters
7.9.1 Parameter Handling
The PNU (Parameter Number) is translated from the register address contained in the Modbus read or write message. The parameter number is translated to Modbus as (10 x parameter number) DECIMAL. Example: Reading
3-12 Catch up/slow Down Value (16bit): The holding register
3120 holds the parameters value. A value of 1352
(Decimal), means that the parameter is set to 12.52%
Reading 3-14 Preset Relative Reference (32bit): The holding registers 3410 & 3411 holds the parameters value. A value of 11300 (Decimal), means that the parameter is set to
1113.00 S.
For information on the parameters, size and converting index, consult the product relevant programming guide.
7.9.2 Storage of Data
The Coil 65 decimal determines whether data written to the frequency converter are stored in EEPROM and RAM
(coil 65=1) or only in RAM (coil 65= 0).
7.9.3 IND
Some parameters in the frequency converter are array parameters e.g. 3-10 Preset Reference . Since the Modbus does not support arrays in the Holding registers, the frequency converter has reserved the Holding register 9 as pointer to the array. Before reading or writing an array parameter, set the holding register 9. Setting holding register to the value of 2, causes all following read/write to array parameters to be to the index 2.
7.9.4 Text Blocks
Parameters stored as text strings are accessed in the same way as the other parameters. The maximum text block size is 20 characters. If a read request for a parameter is for more characters than the parameter stores, the response is truncated. If the read request for a parameter is for fewer characters than the parameter stores, the response is space filled.
7.9.5 Conversion Factor
The different attributes for each parameter can be seen in the section on factory settings. Since a parameter value can only be transferred as a whole number, a conversion factor must be used to transfer decimals.
7.9.6 Parameter Values
Standard data types
Standard data types are int16, int32, uint8, uint16 and uint32. They are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03HEX "Read Holding
Registers." Parameters are written using the function 6HEX
"Preset Single Register" for 1 register (16 bits), and the function 10 HEX "Preset Multiple Registers" for 2 registers
(32 bits). Readable sizes range from 1 register (16 bits) up to 10 registers (20 characters).
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Non standard data types
Non standard data types are text strings and are stored as
4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03HEX "Read Holding Registers" and written using function 10HEX "Preset Multiple Registers." Readable sizes range from 1 register (2 characters) up to 10 registers (20 characters).
7.10 Examples
The following examples illustrate various Modbus RTU commands.
7.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 HEX)
Description
This function reads the ON/OFF status of discrete outputs
(coils) in the frequency converter. Broadcast is never supported for reads.
Query
The query message specifies the starting coil and quantity of coils to be read. Coil addresses start at zero, that is, coil
33 is addressed as 32.
Example of a request to read coils 33-48 (Status Word) from follower device 01.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Starting Address HI
Starting Address LO
No. of Points HI
No. of Points LO
Error Check (CRC)
Table 7.21 Query
Example (HEX)
01 (frequency converter address)
01 (read coils)
00
20 (32 decimals) Coil 33
00
-
10 (16 decimals)
Response
The coil status in the response message is packed as one coil per bit of the data field. Status is indicated as: 1=ON;
0=OFF. The LSB of the first data byte contains the coil addressed in the query. The other coils follow toward the high order end of this byte, and from ‘low-order to highorder’ in subsequent bytes.
If the returned coil quantity is not a multiple of 8, the remaining bits in the final data byte is padded with zeros
(toward the high order end of the byte). The Byte Count field specifies the number of complete bytes of data.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Byte Count
Data (Coils 40-33)
Data (Coils 48-41)
Error Check (CRC)
Example (HEX)
01 (frequency converter address)
01 (read coils)
02 (2 bytes of data)
-
07
06 (STW=0607hex)
Table 7.22 Response
NOTICE
Coils and registers are addressed explicit with an off-set of -1 in Modbus.
I.e. Coil 33 is addressed as Coil 32.
7.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 HEX)
Description
This function forces the coil to either ON or OFF. When broadcast the function forces the same coil references in all attached followers.
Query
The query message specifies the coil 65 (parameter write control) to be forced. Coil addresses start at zero, that is, coil 65 is addressed as 64. Force Data=00 00HEX (OFF) or
FF 00HEX (ON).
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Coil Address HI
Coil Address LO
Force Data HI
Force Data LO
Error Check (CRC)
Example (HEX)
01 (Frequency converter address)
05 (write single coil)
00
40 (64 decimal) Coil 65
FF
-
00 (FF 00=ON)
Table 7.23 Query
Response
The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the coil state has been forced.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Force Data HI
Force Data LO
Quantity of Coils HI
Quantity of Coils LO
Error Check (CRC)
Table 7.24 Response
-
00
01
Example (HEX)
01
05
FF
00
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7.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F HEX)
Description
This function forces each coil in a sequence of coils to either ON or OFF. When broadcasting the function forces the same coil references in all attached followers.
Query
The query message specifies the coils 17 to 32 (speed setpoint) to be forced.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Coil Address HI
Coil Address LO
Quantity of Coils HI
Quantity of Coils LO
Byte Count
Force Data HI
(Coils 8-1)
Force Data LO
(Coils 16-9)
Error Check (CRC) -
Example (HEX)
01 (frequency converter address)
0F (write multiple coils)
00
10 (coil address 17)
00
10 (16 coils)
02
20
00 (ref.=2000 hex)
Table 7.25 Query
Response
The normal response returns the follower address, function code, starting address, and quantity of coils forced.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Coil Address HI
Coil Address LO
Quantity of Coils HI
Quantity of Coils LO
Error Check (CRC)
Example (HEX)
01 (frequency converter address)
0F (write multiple coils)
00
10 (coil address 17)
00
-
10 (16 coils)
Table 7.26 Response
7.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 HEX)
Description
This function reads the contents of holding registers in the follower.
Query
The query message specifies the starting register and quantity of registers to be read. Register addresses start at zero, that is, registers 1-4 are addressed as 0-3.
Example: Read 3-03 Maximum Reference , register 03030.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Starting Address HI
Starting Address LO
No. of Points HI
No. of Points LO
Example (HEX)
01
03 (read holding registers)
0B (Register address 3029)
05 (Register address 3029)
00
-
02 - ( 3-03 Maximum Reference is 32 bits long, i.e. 2 registers)
Error Check (CRC)
Table 7.27 Query
Response
The register data in the response message are packed as 2 bytes per register, with the binary contents right justified within each byte. For each register, the first byte contains the high-order bits and the second contains the low-order bits.
Example: Hex 000088B8=35.000=15 Hz.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Byte Count
Data HI (Register 3030)
Data LO (Register 3030)
Data HI (Register 3031)
Data LO (Register 3031)
Error Check (CRC)
Table 7.28 Response
-
00
16
E3
60
Example (HEX)
01
03
04
7.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 HEX)
Description
This function presets a value into a single holding register.
Query
The query message specifies the register reference to be preset. Register addresses start at zero, that is, register 1 is addressed as 0.
Example: Write to 1-00 Configuration Mode , register 1000.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Register Address HI
Register Address LO
Preset Data HI
Preset Data LO
Error Check (CRC)
Table 7.29 Query
Example (HEX)
01
06
03 (Register address 999)
E7 (Register address 999)
00
-
01
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7 7
Response
The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the register contents have been passed.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Register Address HI
Register Address LO
Preset Data HI
Preset Data LO
Error Check (CRC)
Table 7.30 Response
E7
00
-
01
Example (HEX)
01
06
03
7.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 HEX)
Description
This function presets values into a sequence of holding registers.
Query
The query message specifies the register references to be preset. Register addresses start at zero, that is, register 1 is addressed as 0. Example of a request to preset 2 registers
(set 1-24 Motor Current to 738 (7.38 A)):
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Starting Address HI
Starting Address LO
No. of Registers HI
No. of registers LO
Byte Count
Write Data HI
(Register 4: 1049)
Write Data LO
(Register 4: 1049)
Write Data HI
(Register 4: 1050)
Write Data LO
(Register 4: 1050)
Error Check (CRC) -
19
00
02
04
00
Example (HEX)
01
10
04
00
02
E2
Table 7.31 Query
Response
The normal response returns the follower address, function code, starting address, and quantity of registers preset.
Field Name
Follower Address
Function
Starting Address HI
Starting Address LO
No. of Registers HI
No. of registers LO
Error Check (CRC)
Table 7.32 Response
19
00
-
02
Example (HEX)
01
10
04
7.11 Danfoss FC Control Profile
7.11.1 Control Word According to FC
Profile (8-10 Protocol = FC profile)
Master-follower
CTW Speed ref.
Bit no.: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Illustration 7.13 Control Word According to FC Profile
03
04
05
Bit
00
01
02
06
07
12
13
15
08
09
10
11
Bit value=0
Reference value
Reference value
DC brake
Coasting
Quick stop
Hold output frequency
Ramp stop
No function
No function
Ramp 1
Data invalid
Relay 01 open
Relay 02 open
Parameter set-up
No function
Bit value=1 external selection lsb external selection msb
Ramp
No coasting
Ramp use ramp
Start
Reset
Jog
Ramp 2
Data valid
Relay 01 active
Relay 02 active selection lsb
Reverse
Table 7.33 Control Word According to FC Profile
Explanation of the control bits
Bits 00/01
Bits 00 and 01 are used to select between the 4 reference values, which are pre-programmed in 3-10 Preset Reference according to the
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VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
2
3
Programmed ref. value
1
4
Parameter
3-10 Preset Reference
3-10 Preset Reference
3-10 Preset Reference
3-10 Preset Reference
[0]
[1]
[2]
[3]
0
1
Bit
01
0
1
Table 7.34 Control Bits
NOTICE
Make a selection in 8-56 Preset Reference Select to define how Bit 00/01 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs.
Bit 02, DC brake
Bit 02=’0’ leads to DC braking and stop. Set braking current and duration in 2-01 DC Brake Current and 2-02 DC
Braking Time .
Bit 02=’1’ leads to ramping.
Bit 03, Coasting
Bit 03=’0’: The frequency converter immediately "lets go" of the motor, (the output transistors are "shut off") and it coasts to a standstill.
Bit 03=’1’: The frequency converter starts the motor if the other starting conditions are met.
Make a selection in 8-50 Coasting Select to define how Bit
03 gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.
Bit 04, Quick stop
Bit 04=’0’: Makes the motor speed ramp down to stop (set in 3-81 Quick Stop Ramp Time ).
Bit 05, Hold output frequency
Bit 05=’0’: The present output frequency (in Hz) freezes.
Change the frozen output frequency only with the digital inputs ( 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to 5-13 Terminal 29
Digital Input ) programmed to Speed up=21 and Slow down=22 .
NOTICE
If Freeze output is active, the frequency converter can only be stopped by the following:
•
Bit 03 Coasting stop
• Bit 02 DC braking
• Digital input ( 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to
5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input ) programmed to
DC braking=5 , Coasting stop=2 , or Reset and coasting stop=3 .
1
0
Bit
00
0
1
Bit 06, Ramp stop/start
Bit 06=’0’: Causes a stop and makes the motor speed ramp down to stop via the selected ramp down parameter. Bit
06=’1’: Permits the Frequency converter to start the motor, if the other starting conditions are met.
Make a selection in 8-53 Start Select to define how Bit 06
Ramp stop/start gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.
Bit 07, Reset
Bit 07=’0’: No reset.
Bit 07=’1’: Resets a trip. Reset is activated on the signal’s leading edge, that is, when changing from logic ’0’ to logic ’1’.
Bit 08, Jog
Bit 08=’1’: The output frequency is determined by 3-11 Jog
Speed [Hz] .
Bit 09, Selection of ramp 1/2
Bit 09="0": Ramp 1 is active ( 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time to
3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time ).
Bit 09="1": Ramp 2 ( 3-51 Ramp 2 Ramp Up Time to
3-52 Ramp 2 Ramp Down Time ) is active.
Bit 10, Data not valid/Data valid
Tell the frequency converter whether to use or ignore the control word.
Bit 10=’0’: The control word is ignored.
Bit 10=’1’: The control word is used. This function is relevant because the telegram always contains the control word, regardless of the telegram type. Turn off the control word if not wanting to use it when updating or reading parameters.
Bit 11, Relay 01
Bit 11="0": Relay not activated.
Bit 11="1": Relay 01 activated provided that Control word bit 11=36 is chosen in 5-40 Function Relay .
Bit 12, Relay 02
Bit 12="0": Relay 02 is not activated.
Bit 12="1": Relay 02 is activated provided that Control word bit 12=37 is chosen in 5-40 Function Relay .
Bit 13, Selection of set-up
Use bit 13 to select from the 2 menu set-ups according to
Set-up
1
2
Bit 13
0
1
The function is only possible when Multi Set-Ups=9 is selected in 0-10 Active Set-up .
Make a selection in 8-55 Set-up Select to define how Bit 13 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs.
Bit 15 Reverse
Bit 15=’0’: No reversing.
Bit 15=’1’: Reversing. In the default setting, reversing is set to digital in 8-54 Reversing Select . Bit 15 causes reversing only when Serial communication, Logic or Logic and is selected.
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7.11.2 Status Word According to FC Profile
(STW) ( 8-30 Protocol = FC profile)
Follower-master
STW Output freq.
Bit no.: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Illustration 7.14 Status Word
7 7
09
10
11
05
06
07
08
12
13
14
15
Bit
00
01
02
03
04
Bit=0
Control not ready
Drive not ready
Coasting
No error
No error
Reserved
No error
No warning
Speed ≠ reference
Local operation
Out of frequency limit
No operation
Drive OK
Voltage OK
Torque OK
Timer OK
Table 7.35 Status Word According to FC Profile
Bit=1
Control ready
Drive ready
Enable
Trip
Error (no trip)
-
Triplock
Warning
Speed=reference
Bus control
Frequency limit OK
In operation
Stopped, auto start
Voltage exceeded
Torque exceeded
Timer exceeded
Explanation of the status bits
Bit 00, Control not ready/ready
Bit 00=’0’: The frequency converter trips.
Bit 00=’1’: The frequency converter controls are ready but the power component does not necessarily receive any power supply (in case of external 24 V supply to controls).
Bit 01, Drive ready
Bit 01=’0’: The frequency converter is not ready.
Bit 01=’1’: The frequency converter is ready for operation but the coasting command is active via the digital inputs or via serial communication.
Bit 02, Coasting stop
Bit 02=’0’: The frequency converter releases the motor.
Bit 02=’1’: The frequency converter starts the motor with a start command.
Bit 03, No error/trip
Bit 03=’0’ : The frequency converter is not in fault mode.
Bit 03=’1’: The frequency converter trips. To re-establish operation, press [Reset].
Bit 04, No error/error (no trip)
Bit 04=’0’: The frequency converter is not in fault mode. Bit
04=“1”: The frequency converter shows an error but does not trip.
Bit 05, Not used
Bit 05 is not used in the status word.
Bit 06, No error / triplock
Bit 06=’0’: The frequency converter is not in fault mode. Bit
06=“1”: The frequency converter is tripped and locked.
Bit 07, No warning/warning
Bit 07=’0’: There are no warnings.
Bit 07=’1’: A warning has occurred.
Bit 08, Speed ≠ reference/speed=reference
Bit 08=’0’: The motor is running but the present speed is different from the preset speed reference. It might for example, be the case when the speed ramps up/down during start/stop.
Bit 08=’1’: The motor speed matches the preset speed reference.
Bit 09, Local operation/bus control
Bit 09=’0’: [Off/Reset] is activate on the control unit or
Local control in 3-13 Reference Site is selected. It is not possible to control the frequency converter via serial communication.
Bit 09=’1’ It is possible to control the frequency converter via the fieldbus/serial communication.
Bit 10, Out of frequency limit
Bit 10=’0’: The output frequency has reached the value in
4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] or 4-14 Motor Speed High
Limit [Hz] .
Bit 10="1": The output frequency is within the defined limits.
Bit 11, No operation/in operation
Bit 11=’0’: The motor is not running.
Bit 11=’1’: The coasting has a start signal or the output frequency is greater than 0 Hz.
Bit 12, Drive OK/stopped, autostart
Bit 12='0’: There is no temporary over temperature on the inverter.
Bit 12=’1’: The inverter stops because of over temperature but the unit does not trip and resumes operation once the over temperature stops.
Bit 13, Voltage OK/limit exceeded
Bit 13=’0’: There are no voltage warnings.
Bit 13=’1’: The DC voltage in the frequency converter’s intermediate circuit is too low or too high.
Bit 14, Torque OK/limit exceeded
Bit 14=’0’: The motor current is lower than the torque limit selected in 4-18 Current Limit .
Bit 14=’1’: The torque limit in 4-18 Current Limit is exceeded.
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Bit 15, Timer OK/limit exceeded
Bit 15=’0’: The timers for motor thermal protection and thermal protection are not exceeded 100%.
Bit 15=’1’: One of the timers exceeds 100%.
7.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value
Speed reference value is transmitted to the frequency converter in a relative value in %. The value is transmitted in the form of a 16-bit word; in integers (0-32767) the value 16384 (4000 Hex) corresponds to 100%. Negative figures are formatted by means of 2’s complement. The
Actual Output frequency (MAV) is scaled in the same way as the bus reference.
Master-follower
CTW Speed ref.
16bit
Follower-master
STW
Actual output freq.
Illustration 7.15 Actual Output Frequency (MAV)
The reference and MAV are scaled as follows:
-100%
(C000hex)
0%
(0hex)
Par.3-00 set to
(1) -max- +max
Reverse Forward
Par.3-03
Max reference
0
0%
(0hex)
Par.3-00 set to
(0) min-max
Par.3-02
Illustration 7.16 Reference and MAV
Min reference
Forward
100%
(4000hex)
Par.3-03
Max reference
100%
(4000hex)
Par.3-03
Max reference
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8 General Specifications and Troubleshooting
8 8
8.1 Mains Supply Specifications
8.1.1 Mains Supply 3x200-240 V AC
Frequency converter
Typical shaft output [kW]
Typical shaft output [hp]
IP20 frame
Max. cable size in terminals
(mains, motor) [mm 2 /AWG]
Output current
40 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous
(3x200-240 V) [A]
Intermittent
(3x200-240 V) [A]
PK25 PK3
7
PK75 P1K
5
P2K2 P3K7 P5K5 P7K5 P11K P15K P18K P22K P30K P37K P45K
0.25 0.37 0.75
1.5
2.2
3.7
5.5
7.5
11.0
15.0
18.5
22.0
30.0
37.0
45.0
0.33
0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
H1 H1 H1 H1 H2
5.0
H3
7.5
H4
10.0
H4
15.0
H5
20.0
H6
25.0
H6
30.0
H7
40.0
H7
50.0
H8
60.0
H8
4/10 4/10 4/10 4/10 4/10 4/10 16/6 16/6 16/6 35/2 35/2 50/1 50/1 95/0 120/
(4/0)
1.5
1.7
2.2
2.4
4.2
4.6
6.8
7.5
9.6
10.6
15.2
16.7
22.0
24.2
28.0
30.8
42.0
46.2
59.4
65.3
74.8
82.3
88.0
96.8
115.0 143.0 170.0
126.5 157.3 187.0
Max. input current
Continuous
3x200-240 V) [A]
Intermittent
(3x200-240 V) [A]
Max. mains fuses
Estimated power loss [W],
Best case/typical 1)
Weight enclosure IP20 [kg] 2.
2.0
2.0
2.1
3.4
Efficiency [%], best case/ typical 1)
1.1
1.2
12/
14
97.0/
96.5
1.6
1.8
15/
18
97.3/
96.8
2.8
3.1
21/
26
98.0/
97.6
5.6
6.2
48/
60
97.6/
97.0
8.6/
7.2
9.5/
7.9
80/
102
97.1/
96.3
14.1/
12.0
15.5/
13.2
4.5
97.9/
97.4
21.0/
18.0
23.1/
19.8
7.9
97.3/
97.0
28.3/
24.0
31.1/
26.4
7.9
98.5/
97.1
41.0/
38.2
45.1/
42.0
9.5
97.2/
97.1
52.7
58.0
See
5.2.3 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
97/
120
182/
204
229/
268
369/
386
512 697 879 1149 1390 1500
24.5
97.0
65.0
71.5
24.5
97.1
76.0
83.7
36.0
96.8
103.7 127.9 153.0
114.1 140.7 168.3
36.0
97.1
51.0
97.1
51.0
97.3
Output current
50 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous
(3x200-240 V) [A]
Intermittent
(3x200-240 V) [A]
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
3.5
3.9
6.8
7.5
9.6
10.6
13.0
14.3
19.8
21.8
23.0
25.3
33.0
36.3
41.6
45.8
52.4
57.6
61.6
67.8
80.5
88.6
100.1
119
110.1 130.9
Table 8.1 3x200-240 V AC, PK25-P45K
1) At rated load conditions
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VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8.1.2 Mains Supply 3x380-480 V AC
Frequency converter
Typical shaft output [kW]
PK37
0.37
PK75
0.75
Typical shaft output [hp]
IP20 frame
Max. cable size in terminals
(mains, motor) [mm 2 /AWG]
0.5
H1
4/10
Output current - 40 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V)[A] 1.2
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.0
H1
4/10
2.2
2.4
2.1
2.3
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Max. input current
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Max. mains fuses
1.2
1.3
1.0
1.1
2.1
2.3
1.8
2.0
P1K5
1.5
2.0
H1
4/10
3.7
4.1
3.4
3.7
3.5
3.9
2.9
3.2
P2K2
2.2
3.0
H2
4/10
5.3
5.8
4.8
5.3
P3K0
3.0
4.0
H2
4/10
7.2
7.9
6.3
6.9
P4K0
4.0
5.0
H2
4/10
9.0
9.9
8.2
9.0
P5K5
5.5
7.5
H3
4/10
12.0
13.2
11.0
12.1
P7K5 P11K P15K
7.5
10.0
H3
4/10
15.5
17.1
14.0
15.4
11.0
15.0
H4
16/6
23.0
25.3
21.0
23.1
15.0
20.0
H4
16/6
31.0
34.0
27.0
29.7
4.7
5.2
3.9
4.3
6.3
6.9
5.3
5.8
8.3
9.1
6.8
7.5
11.2
12.3
9.4
10.3
15.1
16.6
12.6
13.9
22.1
24.3
18.4
20.2
29.9
32.9
24.7
27.2
See
5.2.3 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
46/58 66/83 95/118 104/131 159/198 248/274 353/379 Estimated power loss [W], best case/typical 1)
13/15 16/21 46/57
Weight enclosure IP20 [kg] 2.0
2.0
2.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
4.3
4.5
7.9
Efficiency [%], best case/typical 1)
97.8/97.3 98.0/97.6 97.7/97.2 98.3/97.9 98.2/97.8 98.0/97.6 98.4/98.0 98.2/97.8 98.1/97.
Output current - 50 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A] 1.04
1.93
3.7
4.85
6.3
8.4
10.9
14.0
9
20.9
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
1.1
1.0
1.1
2.1
1.8
2.0
4.07
3.4
3.7
5.4
4.4
4.8
6.9
5.5
6.1
9.2
7.5
8.3
12.0
10.0
11.0
15.4
12.6
13.9
23.0
19.1
21.0
7.9
98.0/97.
8
28.0
30.8
24.0
26.4
Table 8.2 3x380-480 V AC, PK37-P11K, H1-H4
1) At rated load conditions
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8 8
Frequency converter
Typical shaft output [kW]
P18K
18.5
P22K
22.0
Typical shaft output [hp]
IP20 frame
25.0
H5
Max. cable size in terminals
(mains, motor) [mm 2 /AWG]
16/6
Output current - 40 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V)[A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Max. input current
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
37.0
40.7
34.0
37.4
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Max. mains fuses
35.2
38.7
29.3
32.2
30.0
H5
16/6
42.5
46.8
40.0
44.0
41.5
45.7
34.6
38.1
Estimated power loss [W], best case/typical 1)
412/456 475/523
Weight enclosure IP20 [kg]
Efficiency [%], best case/typical 1)
Output current - 50 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A] 34.1
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
9.5
98.1/97.9
37.5
31.3
34.4
9.5
98.1/97.9
38.0
41.8
35.0
38.5
Table 8.3 3x380-480 V AC, P18K-P90K, H5-H8
1) At rated load conditions
P30K
30.0
40.0
H6
35/2
57.0
62.7
49.2
54.1
61.0
67.1
52.0
57.2
733
24.5
97.8
48.8
53.7
41.6
45.8
P37K
37.0
50.0
H6
35/2
58.4
64.2
52.0
57.2
73.0
80.3
65.0
71.5
90.0
99.0
80.0
88.0
70.0
77.0
60.6
66.7
922
84.0
92.4
72.5
79.8
1067
24.5
97.7
24.5
98
72.0
79.2
64.0
70.4
P45K
45.0
60.0
H6
35/2
106.0
116.0
105.0
115.0
103.0
113.0
88.6
97.5
1133
36.0
98.2
74.2
81.6
73.5
80.9
P55K
55.0
70.0
H7
50/1
147.0
161.0
130.0
143.0
140.0
154.0
120.9
132.9
1733
36.0
97.8
102.9
113.2
91.0
100.1
P75K
75.0
100.0
H7
95/0
P90K
90.0
125.0
H8
120/250MC
M
177.0
194.0
160.0
176.0
166.0
182.0
142.7
157.0
2141
51.0
97.9
123.9
136.3
112.0
123.2
100 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Frequency converter
Typical shaft output [kW]
Typical shaft output [hp]
IP54 frame
Max. cable size in terminals (mains, motor)
[mm 2 /AWG]
Output current
40 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Max. input current
Continuous (3x380-440 V )[A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3 x 440-480 V) [A]
Max. mains fuses
Estimated power loss [W], best case/typical 1)
Weight enclosure IP54 [kg]
Efficiency [%], best case/typical 1)
Output current - 50 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Table 8.4 3x380-480 V AC, PK75-P18K, I2-I4
1) At rated load conditions
PK75 P1K5 P2K2 P3K0 P4KO P5K5 P7K5 P11K P15K P18K
0.75
1.5
2.2
3.0
4.0
5.5
7.5
11 15 18.5
1.0
I2
4/10
2.0
I2
4/10
3.0
I2
4/10
4.0
I2
4/10
5.0
I2
4/10
7.5
I3
4/10
10.0
I3
4/10
15
I4
16/6
20
I4
16/6
25
I4
16/6
21/
16
5.3
98.0/
97.6
1.93
2.1
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.3
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.1
2.3
46/
57
5.3
97.7/
97.2
3.7
4.07
3.4
3.7
3.5
3.9
2.9
3.2
3.7
4.1
3.4
3.7
4.7
5.2
3.9
4.3
46/
58
5.3
98.3/
97.9
6.3
6.9
5.3
5.8
8.3
9.1
6.8
7.5
11.2
12.3
9.4
10.3
15.1
16.6
12.6
13.9
See
5.2.3 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
66/
83
5.3
95/
118
5.3
104/
131
7.2
159/
198
7.2
98.2/
97.8
98.0/
97.6
98.4/
98.0
98.2/
97.8
22.1
24.3
18.4
20.2
248/
274
13.8
98.1/
97.9
4.85
5.4
4.4
4.8
5.3
5.8
4.8
5.3
6.3
6.9
5.5
6.1
7.2
7.9
6.3
6.9
7.5
9.2
6.8
8.3
9.0
9.9
8.2
9.0
10.9
12.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.2
11.0
12.1
14.0
15.4
12.6
13.9
15.5
17.1
14.0
15.4
20.9
23.0
19.1
21.0
23.0
25.3
21.0
23.1
29.9
32.9
24.7
27.2
31.0
34.0
27.0
29.7
353/
379
13.8
98.0/
97.8
28.0
30.8
24.0
26.4
412/
456
13.8
98.1/
97.9
33.0
36.3
30.0
33.0
35.2
38.7
29.3
32.2
37.0
40.7
34.0
37.4
8 8
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 101
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8 8
Frequency converter
Typical shaft output [kW]
Typical shaft output [hp]
IP54 frame
Max. cable size in terminals (mains, motor) [mm 2 /AWG]
Output current
40 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Max. input current
Continuous (3x380-440 V )[A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3 x 440-480 V) [A]
Max. mains fuses
Estimated power loss [W], best case/typical 1)
Weight enclosure IP54 [kg]
Efficiency [%], best case/Typical 1)
Output current - 50 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Table 8.5 3x380-480 V AC, P11K-P90K, I6-I8
1) At rated load conditions
P22K
22.0
30.0
I6
35/2
41.8
46.0
36.0
39.6
44.0
48.4
40.0
44.0
496
27
98.0
35.2
38.7
32.0
35.2
P30K
30.0
40.0
I6
35/2
57.0
62.7
49.2
54.1
61.0
67.1
52.0
57.2
734
27
97.8
48.8
53.9
41.6
45.8
70.3
77.4
60.6
66.7
73.0
80.3
65.0
71.5
995
27
97.6
58.4
64.2
52.0
57.2
P37K
37.0
50.0
I6
35/2
P45K
45.0
60.0
I7
50/1
P55K
55.0
70.0
I7
50/1
P75K
75.0
P90K
90.0
100.0
I8
125.0
I8
95/(3/0) 120/(4/0)
106.0
116.6
105.0
115.5
102.9
113.1
88.6
97.5
1099
45
98.2
74.2
81.6
73.5
80.9
84.2
92.6
72.5
79.8
840
45
98.3
90.0
99.0
80.0
88.0
63.0
69.3
56.0
61.6
147.0
161.7
130.0
143.0
140.3
154.3
120.9
132.9
1520
65
98.1
102.9
113.2
91.0
100.1
177.0
194.7
160.0
176.0
165.6
182.2
142.7
157.0
1781
65
98.3
123.9
136.3
112.0
123.2
102 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8.1.3 Mains Supply 3x380-480 V AC
Frequency converter
Typical shaft output [kW]
Typical shaft output [hp]
IP54 frame
Max. cable size in terminals (mains, motor) [mm 2 /
AWG]
Output current
40 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Max. input current
Continuous (3x380-440 V )[A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3 x 440-480 V) [A]
Max. mains fuses
Estimated power loss [W], Best case/typical 1)
Weight enclosure IP54 [kg]
Efficiency [%], Best case/Typical 1)
PK75 P1K5 P2K2 P3K0 P4KO P5K5 P7K5 P11K P15K
0.75
1.5
2.2
3.0
4.0
5.5
7.5
11 15
1.0
I2
4/10
2.0
I2
4/10
3.0
I2
4/10
4.0
I2
4/10
5.0
I2
4/10
7.5
I3
4/10
10.0
I3
4/10
15
I4
16/6
20
I4
16/6
21/
16
5.3
98.0/
97.6
2.1
2.3
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.1
2.3
46/
57
5.3
97.7/
97.2
3.5
3.9
2.9
3.2
3.7
4.1
3.4
3.7
5.3
5.8
4.8
5.3
7.2
7.9
6.3
6.9
9.0
9.9
8.2
9.0
12.0
13.2
11.0
12.1
15.5
17.1
14.0
15.4
4.7
5.2
3.9
4.3
6.3
6.9
5.3
5.8
8.3
9.1
6.8
7.5
11.2
12.3
9.4
10.3
15.1
16.6
12.6
13.9
46/
58
5.3
See
5.2.3 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
66/
83
5.3
95/
118
5.3
104/
131
7.2
159/
198
7.2
98.3/
97.9
98.2/
97.8
98.0/
97.6
98.4/
98.0
98.2/
97.8
22.1
24.3
18.4
20.2
23.0
25.3
21.0
23.1
248/
274
13.8
98.1/
97.9
29.9
32.9
24.7
27.2
31.0
34.0
27.0
29.7
353/
379
13.8
98.0/
97.8
Output current
50 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
1.93
2.1
1.8
2.0
3.7
4.07
3.4
3.7
4.85
5.4
4.4
4.8
6.3
6.9
5.5
6.1
7.5
9.2
6.8
8.3
10.9
12.0
10.0
11.0
14.0
15.4
12.6
13.9
20.9
23.0
19.1
21.0
28.0
30.8
24.0
26.4
Table 8.6 PK75-P15K
1) At rated load conditions
8 8
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 103
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8 8
Frequency converter
Typical shaft output [kW]
Typical shaft output [hp]
IP54 frame
25
I4
Max. cable size in terminals (mains, motor) [mm 2 /AWG] 16/6
Output current
40 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
Max. input current
Continuous (3x380-440 V )[A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3 x 440-480 V) [A]
Max. mains fuses
37.0
40.7
34.0
37.4
35.2
38.7
29.3
32.2
Estimated power loss [W], Best case/typical
Weight enclosure IP54 [kg]
Efficiency [%], Best case/Typical 1)
1) 412/
456
13.8
98.1/
97.9
Output current
50 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x380-440 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x380-440 V) [A]
Continuous (3x440-480 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x440-480 V) [A]
33.0
36.3
30.0
33.0
P18K P22K P30K P37K
18.5
22.0
30.0
37.0
30.0
I6
35/2
40.0
I6
35/2
50.0
I6
35/2
41.8
46.0
36.0
39.6
44.0
48.4
40.0
44.0
496
27
98.0
35.2
38.7
32.0
35.2
734
27
97.8
48.8
53.9
41.6
45.8
57.0
62.7
49.2
54.1
61.0
67.1
52.0
57.2
58.4
64.2
52.0
57.2
70.3
77.4
60.6
66.7
73.0
80.3
65.0
71.5
995
27
97.6
P45K P55K P75K P90K
45.0
55.0
75.0
90.0
60.0
I7
50/1
70.0
I7
100.0
I8
125.0
I8
50/1 95/(3/0) 120/(4/0)
84.2
92.6
72.5
79.8
90.0
99.0
80.0
88.0
840
45
98.3
63.0
69.3
56.0
61.6
106.0
116.6
105.0
115.5
102.9
113.1
88.6
97.5
1099
45
98.2
74.2
81.6
73.5
80.9
147.0
161.7
130.0
143.0
140.3
154.3
120.9
132.9
1520
65
98.1
102.9
113.2
91.0
100.1
177.0
194.7
160.0
176.0
165.6
182.2
142.7
157.0
1781
65
98.3
123.9
136.3
112.0
123.2
Table 8.7 P18K-P90K
1) At rated load conditions
104 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8.1.4 Mains Supply 3x525-600 V AC
Frequency converter
Typical shaft output [kW]
Typical shaft output [hp]
IP20 frame
Max. cable size in terminals
(mains, motor) [mm 2 /AWG]
P2K2 P3K0 P3K7 P5K5 P7K5 P11K P15K P18K P22K P30K P37K P45K P55K P75K P90K
2.2
3.0
3.7
5.5
7.5
11.0
15.0
18.5
22.0
30.0
37 45.0
55.0
75.0
90.0
3.0
H9
4/10
4.0
H9
4/10
Output current - 40 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x525-550 V) [A] 4.1
5.2
Intermittent (3x525-550 V) [A]
Continuous (3x551-600 V) [A]
Intermittent (3x551-600 V) [A]
4.5
3.9
4.3
5.7
4.9
5.4
5.0
H9
4/10
6.4
7.0
10.5
12.7
20.9
25.3
30.8
39.6
47.3
59.4
71.5
95.7 115.5 150.7
6.1
6.7
7.5
H9
4/10
9.5
9.0
9.9
10.0
H9
4/10
11.5
11.0
12.1
15.0
H10
10/8
19.0
18.0
19.8
20.0
H10
10/8
23.0
22.0
24.2
25.0
H6
30.0
H6
40.0
H6
50.0
H7
60.0
H7
70.0 100.0 125.0
H7 H8 H8
35/2 35/2 35/2 50/1 50/1 50/1 95/0 120/
28.0
27.0
29.7
36.0
34.0
37.4
43.0
41.0
45.1
54.0
52.0
57.2
65.0
62.0
68.2
(4/0)
87.0 105.0 137.0
83.0 100.0 131.0
91.3 110.0 144.1
Max. input current
Continuous (3x525-550 V) [A] 3.7
Intermittent (3x525-550 V) [A] 4.1
Continuous (3x551-600 V) [A] 3.5
Intermittent (3x551-600 V) [A] 3.9
Max. mains fuses
Estimated power loss [W], best case/typical 1)
65
5.1
5.6
4.8
5.3
90
5.0
6.5
5.6
6.2
8.7
9.6
8.3
11.9
13.1
11.4
16.5
18.2
15.7
22.5
24.8
21.4
27.0
29.7
25.7
33.1
36.4
31.5
45.1
49.6
42.9
54.7
60.1
52.0
66.5
73.1
63.3
81.3 109.0 130.9
89.4 119.9 143.9
77.4 103.8 124.5
9.2
12.5
17.3
23.6
28.3
34.6
47.2
57.2
69.6
85.1 114.2 137.0
See
5.2.3 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
110 132 180 216 294 385 458 542 597 727 1092 1380 1658
6.6
6.6
6.6
11.5
11.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
36.0
36.0
36.0
51.0
51.0
97.9
98.1
98.1
98.4
98.4
98.4
98.4
98.5
98.5
98.7
98.5
98.5
98.5
Weight enclosure IP54 [kg] 6.6
6.6
Efficiency [%], best case/typical 1)
97.9
97
Output current - 50 ° C ambient temperature
Continuous (3x525-550 V) [A] 2.9
3.6
Intermittent (3x525-550 V) [A] 3.2
Continuous (3x551-600 V) [A] 2.7
Intermittent (3x551-600 V) [A] 3.0
4.0
3.4
3.7
4.5
4.9
4.3
4.7
6.7
7.4
6.3
6.9
8.1
8.9
7.7
8.5
13.3
14.6
12.6
13.9
16.1
17.7
15.4
16.9
19.6
21.6
18.9
20.8
25.2
27.7
23.8
26.2
30.1
33.1
28.7
31.6
37.8
41.6
36.4
40.0
45.5
50.0
43.3
47.7
60.9
67.0
58.1
63.9
73.5
95.9
80.9 105.5
70.0
91.7
77.0 100.9
Table 8.8 3x525-600 V AC, P2K2-P90K, H6-H10
1) At rated load conditions
8 8
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 105
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8 8
8.2 General Specifications
Protection and features
•
Electronic thermal motor protection against overload.
•
Temperature monitoring of the heat sink ensures that the frequency converter trips in case of overtemperature
• The frequency converter is protected against short-circuits between motor terminals U, V, W.
• When a motor phase is missing, the frequency converter trips and issues an alarm.
•
When a mains phase is missing, the frequency converter trips or issues a warning (depending on the load).
•
Monitoring of the intermediate circuit voltage ensures that the frequency converter trips, when the intermediate circuit voltage is too low or too high.
• The frequency converter is protected against earth faults on motor terminals U, V, W.
Mains supply (L1, L2, L3)
Supply voltage
Supply voltage
Supply voltage
Supply frequency
200-240 V ± 10%
380-480 V ± 10%
525-600 V ± 10%
50/60 Hz
Max. imbalance temporary between mains phases
True Power Factor ( λ )
Displacement Power Factor (cos φ ) near unity
Switching on the input supply L1, L2, L3 (power-ups) enclosure frame H1-H5, I2, I3, I4
3.0% of rated supply voltage
≥ 0.9 nominal at rated load
(>0.98)
Max. 2 times/min.
Switching on the input supply L1, L2, L3 (power-ups) enclosure frame H6-H8, I6-I8
Environment according to EN 60664-1
Max. 1 time/min.
overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2
The unit is suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 100.000 RMS symmetrical Amperes, 240/480 V maximum.
Motor output (U, V, W)
Output voltage
Output frequency
Switching on output
Ramp times
Cable lengths and cross sections
Max. motor cable length, screened/armoured (EMC correct installation)
Max. motor cable length, unscreened/unarmoured
Max. cross section to motor, mains*
Cross section DC terminals for filter feedback on enclosure frame H1-H3, I2, I3, I4
Cross section DC terminals for filter feedback on enclosure frame H4-H5
Maximum cross section to control terminals, rigid wire
Maximum cross section to control terminals, flexible cable
Minimum cross section to control terminals
*See
8.1.2 Mains Supply 3x380-480 V AC
for more information
Digital inputs
Programmable digital inputs
Terminal number
Logic
Voltage level
Voltage level, logic '0' PNP
Voltage level, logic '1' PNP
Voltage level, logic '0' NPN
Voltage level, logic '1' NPN
Maximum voltage on input
Input resistance, R i
0-100% of supply voltage
0-200 Hz (VVC plus ), 0-400 Hz (u/f)
See
Unlimited
0.05-3600 s
4 mm
16 mm 2
2.5 mm
2.5 mm 2
0.05 mm
2
2
2
50 m
/11 AWG
/6 AWG
/14 AWG)
/14 AWG)
/30 AWG
4
18, 19, 27, 29
PNP or NPN
0-24 V DC
<5 V DC
>10 V DC
>19 V DC
<14 V DC
28 V DC
Approx. 4 k Ω
106 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Digital input 29 as thermistor input
Digital input 29 as Pulse input
Analog inputs
Number of analog inputs
Terminal number
Terminal 53 mode
Terminal 54 mode
Voltage level
Input resistance, R i
Max. voltage
Current level
Input resistance, R i
Max. current
Analog output
Number of programmable analog outputs
Terminal number
Current range at analog output
Max. load to common at analog output
Max. voltage at analog output
Accuracy on analog output
Resolution on analog output
1) Terminal 42 and 45 can also be programmed as digital outputs.
Digital output
Number of digital outputs
Terminal number
Voltage level at digital output
Max. output current at digital output
Max. load at digital output
1) Terminals 42 and 45 can also be programmed as analog output.
Fault: >2.9 k Ω and no fault: <800 Ω
Max frequency 32 kHz Push-Pull-Driven & 5 kHz (O.C.)
2
53, 54
Parameter 6-19: 1=voltage, 0=current
Parameter 6-29: 1=voltage, 0=current
0-10 V approx. 10 k Ω
20 V
0/4 to 20 mA (scalable)
<500 Ω
29 mA
2
42, 45 1)
0/4-20 mA
500 Ω
17 V
Max. error: 0.4% of full scale
10 bit
2
42, 45 1)
17 V
20 mA
1 k Ω
Control card, RS-485 serial communication A)
Terminal number
Terminal number
Control card, 24 V DC output
Terminal number
Max. load
68 (P, TX+, RX+), 69 (N, TX-, RX-)
61 Common for terminals 68 and 69
12
80 mA
Relay output
Programmable relay output
Relay 01 and 02
Max. terminal load (AC-1) 1) on 01-02/04-05 (NO) (Resistive load)
Max. terminal load (AC-15) 1) on 01-02/04-05 (NO) (Inductive load @ cos φ 0.4)
Max. terminal load (DC-1) 1) on 01-02/04-05 (NO) (Resistive load)
2
01-03 (NC), 01-02 (NO), 04-06 (NC), 04-05 (NO)
250 V AC, 3 A
250 V AC, 0.2 A
30 V DC, 2 A
Max. terminal load (DC-13) 1) on 01-02/04-05 (NO) (Inductive load)
Max. terminal load (AC-1) 1) on 01-03/04-06 (NC) (Resistive load)
24 V DC, 0.1 A
250 V AC, 3 A
Max. terminal load (AC-15) 1) on 01-03/04-06 (NC) (Inductive load @ cos φ 0.4)
Max. terminal load (DC-1) 1) on 01-03/04-06
(NC) (Resistive load)
250 V AC, 0.2 A
30 V DC, 2 A
Min. terminal load on 01-03 (NC), 01-02 (NO) 24 V DC 10 mA, 24 V AC 20 mA
Environment according to EN 60664-1
1) IEC 60947 parts 4 and 5.
Overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2
8 8
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General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8 8
Control card, 10 V DC output A)
Terminal number
Output voltage
Max. load
50
10.5 V ± 0.5 V
25 mA
A) All inputs, outputs, circuits, DC supplies and relay contacts are galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.
Surroundings
Enclosure
Enclosure kit available
Vibration test
IP20
IP21, TYPE 1
1.0 g
Max. relative humidity 5%-95% (IEC 60721-3-3; Class 3K3 (non-condensing) during operation
Aggressive environment (IEC 60721-3-3), coated (standard) frame H1-H5 Class 3C3
Aggressive environment (IEC 60721-3-3), non-coated frame H6-H10
Aggressive environment (IEC 60721-3-3), coated (optional) frame H6-H10
Class 3C2
Class 3C3
Aggressive environment (IEC 60721-3-3), non-coated frame I2-I8
Test method according to IEC 60068-2-43 H2S (10 days)
Ambient temperature
Class 3C2
See max. output current at 40/50 ° C in
8.1.2 Mains Supply 3x380-480 V AC
Derating for high ambient temperature, see
8.5 Derating according to Ambient Temperature and Switching
Frequency8.5 Derating according to Ambient Temperature and Switching Frequency .
Minimum ambient temperature during full-scale operation
Minimum ambient temperature at reduced performance
Minimum ambient temperature at reduced performance
Temperature during storage/transport
Maximum altitude above sea level without derating
Maximum altitude above sea level with derating
Derating for high altitude, see
Safety standards
EMC standards, Emission
EMC standards, Immunity
0 ° C
-20 ° C
-10 ° C
-30 to +65/70 ° C
1000 m
3000 m
EN/IEC 61800-5-1, UL 508C
EN 61800-3, EN 61000-6-3/4, EN 55011, IEC 61800-3
EN 61800-3, EN 61000-3-12, EN 61000-6-1/2, EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-3, EN 61000-4-4, EN
61000-4-5, EN 61000-4-6
108 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8.3 Acoustic Noise or Vibration
If the motor or the equipment driven by the motor - e.g. a fan blade - is making noise or vibrations at certain frequencies, try the following:
• Speed Bypass, parameter group 4-6* Speed Bypass
•
Over-modulation, 14-03 Overmodulation set to [0] Off
• Switching pattern and switching frequency parameter group 14-0* Inverter Switching
• Resonance Dampening, 1-64 Resonance Dampening
The acoustic noise from the frequency converter comes from 3 sources:
1.
DC intermediate circuit coils
2.
3.
Integral fan
RFI filter choke
Frame
H1
H6
H7
H8
H9
H2
H3
H4
H5
I6
I7
I8
I3
I4
H10
I2
62.9
50.2
54
60.8
70
62
65.6
Level [dBA]
57.3
59.5
53.8
64
63.7
71.5
67.5 (75 kW 71.5 dB)
73.5
60
Table 8.9 Typical Values Measured at a Distance of 1 m from the Unit
8 8
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General Specifications and ...
8 8
8.4 dU/Dt
200 V 0.25 kW
200 V 7.5 kW
200 V 11 kW
400 V 0.37 kW
400 V 0.75 kW
400 V 1.5 kW
400 V 2.2 kW
400 V 3.0 kW
400 V 4.0 kW
400 V 5.5 kW
400 V 7.5 kW
200 V 0.37 kW
200 V 0.75 kW
200 V 1.5 kW
200 V 2.2 kW
200 V 3.7 kW
200 V 5.5 kW
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
240
240
400
400
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
Cable length [m] AC line voltage [V] Rise time [usec] V peak
[kV] dU/dt [kV/usec]
5 240 0,121 0,498 3.256
25
50
5
240
240
240
0,182
0,258
0,121
0,615
0,540
0,498
2,706
1.666
3.256
5
25
50
5
50
5
25
50
36
50
5
25
50
5
25
50
25
50
5
25
5
25
50
5
50
5
25
50
25
50
5
25
5
25
50
5
25
50
50
5
25
50
25
50
5
25
0,340
0,160
0,240
0,340
0,160
0,240
0,340
0,190
0,328
0,18
0,22
0,292
0,176
0,216
0,160
0,240
0,18
0,230
0,292
0,168
0,205
0,252
0,128
0,224
0,182
0,258
0,121
0,182
0,258
0,121
0,182
0,258
0,168
0,239
0,328
0,168
0,239
0,328
0,293
0,422
0,190
0,293
0,422
0,190
0,293
0,422
1.056
0,808
1.026
1.056
0,808
1.026
1.056
0,760
0,596
0,502
0,598
0,615
0,56
0,599
0,808
1.026
0,476
0,615
0,566
0,570
0,615
0,620
0,445
0,594
0,615
0,540
0,498
0,615
0,540
0,498
0,615
0,540
0,81
1.026
1,05
0,81
1.026
1,05
1.026
1.040
0,760
1.026
1.040
0,760
1.026
1.040
2.517
4.050
3.420
2.517
4.050
3.420
2.517
3.200
1454
2244
2175
1678
2545
2204
4.050
3.420
2.115
2.141
1.550
2.714
2.402
1.968
2781
2121
2,706
1.666
3.256
2,706
1.666
3.256
2,706
1.666
3.857
3.434
2.560
3.857
3.434
2.560
2.801
1.971
3.200
2.801
1.971
3.200
2.801
1.971
110 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
400 V 11 kW
400 V 15 kW
400 V 18.5 kW
400 V 22 kW
400 V 30 kW
400 V 37 kW
400 V 45 kW
400 V 55 kW
400 V 75 kW
400 V 90 kW
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Cable length [m] AC line voltage [V] Rise time [usec] V peak
[kV] dU/dt [kV/usec]
5 400 0,116 0,69 4871
5
25
50
5
25
50
5
50
25
50
10
50
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
0,204
0,316
0,139
0,338
0,132
0,172
0,222
0,132
0,172
0,222
0,376
0,536
0,985
1,01
0,864
1,008
0,88
1.026
1,00
0,88
1.026
1,00
0,92
0,97
3799
2563
4,955
2,365
5.220
4.772
3.603
5.220
4.772
3.603
1,957
1,448
10
10
10
400
480
400
480
500
500
500
500
480
480
480
480
400
400
400
400
500
400
400
400
480
480
500
500
500
500
400
400
480
480
500
500
400
400
480
480
10
50
100
150
10
50
100
150
10
50
100
150
10
50
10
50
100
150
10
50
100
150
10
50
100
150
10
50
0,3
0,38
0,56
0,74
0,46
0,468
0,502
0,52
0,3
0,4
0,48
0,72
0,3
0,44
0,56
0,8
0,656
0,84
0,276
0,432
0,272
0,384
0,288
0,384
0,696
0,8
0,384
0,632
0,712
0,832
0,408
0,592
0,51
0,402
0,408
0,424
1,22
1,2
1,16
1,16
1,12
1,3
1,048
1,212
0,936
0,924
0,92
0,92
1,19
1,15
1,14
1,14
1,28
1,26
0,928
1,02
1,17
1,21
1,2
1,27
0,95
0,965
1,2
1,18
1,2
1,17
1,24
1,29
1,272
1,108
1,288
1,368
3,253
2,526
1,657
1,254
1,948
2,222
1,673
1,869
2,496
1,68
1,314
0,92
3,173
2,3
1,9
1,267
1,561
1,2
2,69
1,889
3,441
2,521
3,333
2,646
1,092
0,965
2,5
1,494
1,348
1,125
2,431
1,743
1,992
2,155
2,529
2,585
8 8
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General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
8 8
600 V 7.5 kW
Cable length [m] AC line voltage [V] Rise time [usec] V peak
[kV] dU/dt [kV/usec]
5 525 0,192 0,972 4,083
50
5
50
525
600
600
0,356
0,184
0,42
1,32
1,06
1,49
2,949
4,609
2,976
Table 8.10
8.5 Derating according to Ambient
Temperature and Switching Frequency
The ambient temperature measured over 24 hours should be at least 5 o C lower than the max. ambient temperature.
If the frequency converter is operated at high ambient temperature, the continuous output current should be decreased.
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90 %
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
40 %
30 %
20 %
10 %
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.1 200 V IP20 H1 0.25-0.75 kW
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.2 400 V IP20 H1 0.37-1.5 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
16 f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0
I out
[%]
2 5 10
Illustration 8.3 200 V IP20 H2 2.2 kW
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.4 400 V IP20 H2 2.2-4.0 kW
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.5 200 V IP20 H3 3.7 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
16 f sw
[kHz]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
16 f sw
[kHz]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
16 f sw
[kHz]
112 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.6 400 V IP20 H3 5.5-7.5 kW
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.7 200 V IP20 H4 5.5-7.5 kW
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0
I out
[%]
2 5 10
Illustration 8.8 400 V IP20 H4 11-15 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
16 f sw
[kHz]
40 o C
45 o C
16
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
16 f sw
[kHz]
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.9 200 V IP20 H5 11 kW
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0
I out
[%]
2
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
5 10
Illustration 8.10 400 V IP20 H5 18.5-22 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.11 200 V IP20 H6 15-18.5 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
16 f sw
[kHz]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o f sw
16 f sw
[kHz]
8 8
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General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.12 400 V IP20 H6 30-37 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
8 8
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
2 4 6 8 10
Illustration 8.13 400 V IP20 H6 45 kW
12
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.14 600 V IP20 H6 22-30 kW f sw
[kHz]
I out
[%]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.15 200 V IP20 H7 22-30 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.16 400 V IP20 H7 55-75 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.17 600 V IP20 H7 45-55 kW f sw
[kHz]
114 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.18 200 V IP20 H8 37-45 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
110 %
100 %
80 %
60 %
40 %
20 %
I out
[%]
2 4 6 8 10
Illustration 8.19 400 V IP20 H8 90 kW
12
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.20 600 V IP20 H8 75-90 kW f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I [%]
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.21 600 V IP20 H9 2.2-3 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.22 600 V IP20 H9 5.5-7.5 kW f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.23 600 V IP20 H10 11-15 kW f sw
[kHz]
8 8
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 115
8 8
General Specifications and ...
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.24 400 V IP54 I2 0.75-4.0 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C
16 f sw
[kHz]
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
110%
100%
I out
NO
(%)
80%
60%
40%
20%
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.27 400 V IP54 I5 11-18.5 kW
14 16
45°C
50°C
55°C
B1
B2 f sw
(kHz)
I out
[%]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 5 10
Illustration 8.25 400 V IP54 I3 5.5-7.5 kW
40 o C
45 o C
16
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
2 4 6 8 10
Illustration 8.28 400 V IP54 I6 22-30 kW
12
40 o C
45 o
50 o
C
C f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.26 400 V IP54 I4 11-18.5 kW
14 16 f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.29 400 V IP54 I6 37 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
116 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
General Specifications and ...
VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
I out
[%]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.30 400 V IP54 I7 45-55 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
110%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
I out
[%]
2 4 6 8 10 12
Illustration 8.31 400 V IP54 I8 75-90 kW
40 o C
45 o C
50 o C f sw
[kHz]
8 8
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 117
Index VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
Index
A
Abbreviations .......................................................................................... 5
Acoustic Noise .................................................................................... 109
Advanced Vector Control ................................................................... 6
Aggressive Environments ................................................................ 11
Air Humidity .......................................................................................... 11
Analog inputs............................................................................................ 6, 107
Inputs...................................................................................................... 6 output................................................................................................ 107
Application Examples ........................................................................ 17
D
Dampers .................................................................................................. 18
DANGEROUS VOLTAGE ....................................................................... 9
Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter ........... 85
DC brake .................................................................................................. 95
Decoupling Plate ................................................................................. 43
Definitions ................................................................................................ 6
Differential pressure .......................................................................... 24
Digital inputs................................................................................................. 106 output................................................................................................ 107
Discharge Time .................................................................................... 10
Display ..................................................................................................... 68
Disposal Instruction ........................................................................... 10
Drive Configurator .............................................................................. 44
B
Balancing contractor ......................................................................... 22
Better Control ....................................................................................... 14
Break-away torque ................................................................................ 6
Building Management System, BMS ........................................... 13
Bypass frequency ranges ................................................................. 20
C
Cable lengths and cross sections ............................................... 106
CAV system ............................................................................................ 19
CE Conformity and Labeling .......................................................... 10
Central VAV systems .......................................................................... 18
Changes made..................................................................................................... 69
Made..................................................................................................... 78
Closed loop set-up wizard........................................................................... 69
Loop Set-up Wizard.................................................................. 28, 69
CO2 sensor ............................................................................................. 19
Coasting ....................................................................................... 96, 6, 95
Comparison of Energy Savings ..................................................... 13
Condenser Pumps ............................................................................... 21
Connecting to Mains and Motor ................................................... 55
Constant Air Volume .......................................................................... 19
Control card, 10 V DC output.................................................................... 108 card, 24 V DC output.................................................................... 107 card, RS-485 serial communication......................................... 107 potential.............................................................................................. 24
Structure Closed Loop.................................................................... 26
Structure Open Loop...................................................................... 25
Terminals............................................................................................. 67
Word..................................................................................................... 94
Controlling Fans and Pumps .......................................................... 12
Cooling Tower Fan .............................................................................. 20
E
Earth Leakage Current ...................................................................... 38
Electrical
Installation in General.................................................................... 54
Overview............................................................................................. 53
EMC
Complaint Installation.................................................................... 65
Compliant Electrical Installation................................................. 65
Directive 89/336/EEC...................................................................... 11 emissions............................................................................................ 32
Precautions........................................................................................ 81
Emission Requirements .................................................................... 33
Energy savings................................................................................................. 14
Savings................................................................................................. 12
Evaporator flow rate .......................................................................... 22
Example of Energy Savings ............................................................. 13
Extreme Running Conditions ......................................................... 38
F
FC
Profile................................................................................................... 94 with Modbus RTU............................................................................ 81
Feedback Conversion ........................................................................ 26
Field Mounting ..................................................................................... 52
Flow meter ............................................................................................. 22
Freeze output .......................................................................................... 6
Frequency
Converter Hardware Set-up......................................................... 80
Converter Set-up.............................................................................. 82
Function Codes .................................................................................... 90
Fuses and Circuit Breakers .............................................................. 62
118 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Index VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
G
Galvanic Isolation ................................................................................ 37
General
Aspects of Harmonics Emission.................................................. 35
Specifications.................................................................................. 106
H
Harmonics
Emission Requirements................................................................. 35
Test Results (Emission)................................................................... 35
Hold output frequency ..................................................................... 95
How to Order............................................................................................... 44 to Programme................................................................................... 68
Menu Key ................................................................................................ 68
Menus ....................................................................................................... 69
Modbus
Communication................................................................................ 81
Exception Codes............................................................................... 91
RTU........................................................................................................ 87
RTU Overview.................................................................................... 86
Moment of inertia ............................................................................... 38
Motor output (U, V, W).............................................................................. 106 phases.................................................................................................. 38 protection........................................................................................ 106 set-up................................................................................................... 69 thermal protection.......................................................................... 97
Thermal Protection.......................................................................... 38
Motor-generated over-voltage ..................................................... 38
Multiple pumps .................................................................................... 24
I
IGVs ........................................................................................................... 18
Immunity Requirements .................................................................. 37
Index (IND) ............................................................................................. 84
Initialise the Frequency Converter .............................................. 78
Installation at high altitudes ............................................................. 9
Intermediate circuit .................................................................. 38, 109
IP21/TYPE 1 Enclosure Kit ................................................................ 42
J
Jog ......................................................................................................... 6, 95
N
Navigation keys and indicator lights (LEDs) ............................ 68
Network
Configuration.................................................................................... 87
Connection......................................................................................... 80
O
Operation keys and indicator lights (LEDs) ............................. 68
Options and Accessories ........................................................... 41, 46
Overcurrent protection .................................................................... 62
L
Laws of Proportionality .................................................................... 13
LCP
LCP................................................................................................ 6, 7, 26
Copy...................................................................................................... 78
Leakage Current .................................................................................. 38
Literature ................................................................................................... 6
Local
(Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control............................. 26
Control Panel (LCP).......................................................................... 68 speed determination...................................................................... 22
Low evaporator temperature ........................................................ 22
M
Main Menu ............................................................................................. 78
Mains drop-out.............................................................................................. 38 supply..................................................................................................... 8 supply (L1, L2, L3).......................................................................... 106
Supply 3x200-240 V AC.................................................................. 98
Supply 3x380-480 V AC........................................................ 99, 103
Supply 3x525-600 V AC............................................................... 105
Manual PI Adjustment ...................................................................... 31
P
Parameter
Number (PNU)................................................................................... 84
Values................................................................................................... 91
Pay back period ................................................................................... 14
PELV - Protective Extra Low Voltage ........................................... 37
Power Factor ............................................................................................ 8
Primary Pumps ..................................................................................... 22
Programmable minimum frequency setting .......................... 20
Programming with ............................................................................. 68
Protection
Protection...................................................................... 11, 37, 38, 62 and Features.................................................................................... 106
Protocol Overview .............................................................................. 81
Public supply network ...................................................................... 35
Pump impeller ...................................................................................... 21
Q
Quick
Menu..................................................................................................... 69
Transfer of Parameter Settings between Multiple Frequency Converters...... 78
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 119
Index VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
R
Rated motor speed ............................................................................... 6
RCD ....................................................................................................... 6, 38
Read Holding Registers (03 HEX) .................................................. 93
Read-out and Programming of Indexed Parameters .......... 78
Recommended initialisation .......................................................... 78
Reference Handling ............................................................................ 27
Relay output ....................................................................................... 107
Residual Current Device ................................................................... 38
RS-485
RS-485.................................................................................................. 80
Installation and Set-up................................................................... 80
V
Variable
Air Volume.......................................................................................... 18 control of flow and pressure........................................................ 14
Varying Flow over 1 Year ................................................................. 14
VAV ............................................................................................................ 18
Vibration and Shock ........................................................................... 12
Vibrations ............................................................................................... 20
VVCplus ...................................................................................................... 8
W
What is Covered ................................................................................... 10
Wizard for open loop applications .............................................. 69
S
Safety
Note......................................................................................................... 9
Regulations........................................................................................... 9
Secondary Pumps ............................................................................... 24
Serial communication port ................................................................ 6
Short circuit (motor phase – phase) ............................................ 38
Side-by-Side Installation .................................................................. 52
Soft starter .............................................................................................. 15
Star/Delta Starter ................................................................................ 15
Start-up Wizard for Open Loop Applications .......................... 69
Status
Status.................................................................................................... 69
Word..................................................................................................... 96
Surroundings ...................................................................................... 108
Switching on the input supply...................................................................... 106 on the output.................................................................................... 38
T
Telegram Length (LGE) ..................................................................... 82
The
EMC directive (89/336/EEC).......................................................... 10 low-voltage directive (73/23/EEC)............................................. 10 machinery directive (98/37/EEC)................................................ 10
Thermistor ................................................................................................ 6
Throttling valve .................................................................................... 21
Tuning the Drive Closed Loop Controller ................................. 31
Type Code String ................................................................................. 45
U
UL compliance ...................................................................................... 62
UNINTENDED START ............................................................................ 9
Using a Frequency Converter Saves Money ............................ 15
120 MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06
Index VLT ® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Design Guide
MG18C502 - Rev. 2013-09-06 121
www.danfoss.com/drives
130R0222 MG18C502 *MG18C502* Rev. 2013-09-05
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