Fluke 83, 85 User Manual

Multimeter
83/85
O Users Manual
For IEC 1010 CAT III
Meters Only
a 7
»
For the benefit and convenience of its customers, Fluke
Corporation (Fluke) has reproduced this copy of a manual
which is no longer in production. This manual has not been
edited or updated since the revision date shown on the lower
left hand corner of the first page. Fluke will not be liable for
any claims, losses or damages of any kind incurred by any
user arising from use of this manual.
PN 834218
December 1988 Rev. 7, 9/96
© 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1996 Fluke Co i | i |
‚ : , , rporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
All products names are trademarks of their respective companies. A
FLUKE.
83
85
True rms Multimeter
Users Manual
For IEC 1010 CAT III Meters Only
CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
INTRODUCTION oe eee ee eee eee ea 1
MULTIMETER SAFETY oti ee eee ee eee eee 2
GETTING STARTED QUICKLY ..................0.0000 0 eee eee estes, 3
HOW TO USE THE METER ..................s0000á0iccianoaacecercecarcecoro. 4
Input Terminals and Input Alert .............eo._....0.00.000r0rcoceaaano 4
Function Selector Rotary Switch .......... RR вк е еек... 6
Pushbuttons ............_.e_oeeeeeecesocororoorocacecorrercacocacorarena 7
Summary of Power-on Options .................ee_eeercoorocrccororeco 13
Digital and Bar Graph Displays... enn, 14
Holster and Flex-Stand ..............._eeeeccoo0coeroerececoraroeneona 17
APPLICATIONS LL. ee 17
Measuring Voltage (AC/DC) «ovine aa aa na a aa aa a aa a aan 17
Measuring Current ............_eeeeordcesrrorrocoracraerereococode ono 19
Continuity Testing ............eee.eeedcsccareccarec racrocicaoaraaro 19
Measuring Resistance ...........ñooerr_reeocoooereroceocareccercoracecore 20
Using Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests ................ 21
Noisy Resistance Measurements ..........ño__eeecocrocrcooscorococereceve. 22
i (continued on page ii)
CONTENTS, continued
TITLE PAGE
Measuring Capacitance .........eoeweeececorerocoocorocoroororcnvarora rece. 22
Diode Testing ......._.eeeescaccrarerorerec care nereeraraor,eaarrereocreerarc. 23
Using the Analog Bar Graph .......eeeererecooorororocaracorerecerecrer ran. 23
Using the Zoom Bar Graph coi iii a 0 0 a 0 ii tities 24
Using the MIN MAX Recording Mode .........ñ.._.ee_eereoocococororerecteoer. 24
Measuring Frequency .........eeeecoreevorcecroverarocconracrcarereaceacecnae, 26
Measuring Duty Cycle ........._..eeeeeorcocsrerocrecrararecoraocroreererev. 27
Pulse Width Measurements ..........oereooccscrecoorrerocorecorerere cera, 29
MAINTENANCE .........oeeeonrdcaccroaorereororrecocorerarrrrerra ran 0 ae sas sa 0 29
General Maintenance 200020000004 a aa a aa a a a ea ea a a 8e 0 0 8e 0 ee 0 0 0 a 000 0 29
Calibration AR AAA AA AAA A A A RER ноев вонь, 29
Battery Replacement ........20400000 0000 sas ana ae 0 sa a a aa 0 aa a a ea a eee ea 00200 0 30
Fuse I= AAA aonacrrrrconecareracare onace, 31
Fuse Replacement .... iii i i i i tei racorereno 32
Service ........r_eoveccosacocacrrernereorraneraorracocareorocareracanec reno. 32
REPLACEMENT PARTS ..............0..re0sacrcdorecocarecroreooracaare arar rara 33
SPECIFICATIONS ............occevrorsíesiorercerrorroroccoreceareac enano racaaone 36
SERVICE CENTERS ............oeceooccrcoreracarcarmercrocrororrcorranranrorarcanea 44
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
NOTE
All material in this manual applies to both the
Fluke 83 and Fluke 85 unless otherwise indicated.
This meter has been designed and tested according to
IEC 1010-1. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equip-
ment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.
This manual contains information and warnings which
must be followed to ensure safe operation and retain
the meter in safe condition.
WARNING
READ “MULTIMETER SAFETY” BEFORE
USING THE METER.
Your Fluke Digital Multimeter (also referred to as “the meter”)
is a handheld, 4000-count instrument that is designed for
use in the field, laboratory, and at home. The meter combines
the precision of a digital meter with the speed and versatility
of a high resolution bar graph. The bar graph incorporates a
“zoom” feature that, when relative readings are displayed,
increases its sensitivity by a factor of ten. Frequencies
between 0.5 Hz and 200 kHz can be measured with up to 0.01
Hz resolution. The meter is powered by a 9V battery and has
a rugged case sealed against dirt, dust, and moisture. A
snap-on holster, with flexible stand (Flex-Stand™), protects
TMInput Alert, Flex-Stand and MIN MAX Alert are trademarks of the Fluke Corporation.
the meter from rough handling. The flexible stand allows the
meter to be stood or hung.
The meter also provides:
e A MIN MAX Recording mode, in which the meter “re-
members” the lowest and highest readings, calculates
the true average of all readings taken over a period as
long as thirty-six hours, and displays these values. The
beeper emits a MIN MAX Alert™ when a new mini-
mum or maximum reading is recorded.
e An alternate Frequency Counter mode that measures
duty cycle and displays it as a value between 0.1 and
99.9%.
e An Input Alert™ that causes the beeper to sound if the
test leads are plugged into the wrong input terminals
for the function being performed.
e A REL mode that allows you to store a reading in
memory, and display the difference between the stored
value and subsequent readings.
o A Touch Hold? mode thatallows you to keep your eyes
fixed on the probes when taking measurements in
MULTIMETER SAFETY
difficult or hazardous circumstances, then read the
display when it is convenient and safe.
e A capacitance mode that measures capacitors from
0.01 nF to 5 uF.
After unpacking the meter, if you notice that the meter is
damaged or something is missing, contact the place of
purchase immediately. Save the shipping container and
packing material in case you have to reship the meter.
MULTIMETER SAFETY
Before using the meter, read the following safety information
carefully. inthis manual the word, “WARNING,” is reserved for
conditions and actions that pose hazard(s) to the user; the
word, “CAUTION,” is reserved for conditions and actions that
may damage your meter. The symbols shown in Figure 1 are
used internationally to denote the electrical functions and
conditions indicated. If the meter is not used as described in
this manual, the safety features of the meter might be impaired.
e Avoid working alone.
© Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation or
exposed metal. Check test lead continuity. Damaged
leads should be replaced.
e Do not allow the meter to be used if itis damaged or its
safety is impaired.
Be sure the meter is in good operating condition.
During a continuity test, a meter reading that goes from
overioad (OL) to O generally means the meter is
working properly.
Selectthe proper function and range for your measure -
ment.
In order to maintain the safety protection of this meter,
use only parts listed in the Service Manual. Refer to
Table 6 for the Service Manual part number.
WARNING
TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK, USE CAU-
TIONWHENWORKING ABOVE 60V DC OR 30V
AC RMS. SUCH VOLTAGES POSE A SHOCK
HAZARD.
+ | FUSE L |GROUND
AC — ALTERNATING A SEE EXPLANATION
CURRENT IN MANUAL
[С] DOUBLE INSULATION
DC —
DIRECT CURRENT (Protection Class II)
~~ | DC OR AC
EITHER
Figure 1. International Electrical Symbols
GETTING STARTED QUICKLY
o CAT Ill: For making measurements on equipment in
fixed installations (industrial).
o Disconnect the live test lead before disconnecting the
common test lead.
e Follow all safety procedures for equipment being
tested. Disconnect the input power and discharge all
high-voltage capacitors through a protective imped-
ance before testing in the QQ and > functions.
o When making a current measurement, turn the power
off before connecting the meter in the circuit.
® Check meter fuses before measuring current trans-
former secondary or motor winding current. (See
"Fuse Test” in the “MAINTENANCE” Section.) An open
fuse may allow high voltage build-up, which is potent-
ially hazardous.
GETTING STARTED QUICKLY
Examine the meter carefully, familiarizing yourself with the
layout of the input terminals, rotary switch, pushbuttons and
display. Notice the WARNING information and summary of
power-on options engraved into the rear panel.
If you have used a multimeter before, simply examining your
meter will probably give you a good idea how to use it. The
following procedure is an overview of how to take basic
measurements.
WARNING
TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK OR DAMAGE
TO THE METER, DO NOT APPLY MORE THAN
1000V BETWEEN ANY TERMINAL AND EARTH
GROUND.
Insert the test leads in the appropriate input terminals
(see Table 1). If the test leads are in the wrong input
terminals when the meter is turned on and the beeper
has not been disabled, the beeper will emit a warning.
See “Input Terminals and Input Alert”, below.
To turn the meter on and select a function, turn the
rotary switch from OFF to the appropriate switch
position. All segments on the liquid- crystal display
(LCD) will turn on for one second, then the meter is
ready for normal operation. If you would like to freeze
the display with all segments on, press and hold down
any button, while turning the meter on. As long as the
button is held down, all LCD segments will remain on.
To select an additional operation, press the appro-
priate pushbuttons above the rotary switch as de-
scribed in the items below.
HOW TO USE THE METER
e To operate the MIN MAX and RANGE buttons:
press to select, press again to scroll or increment,
and press and hold for two seconds to exit.
e To operate the Hz button: press to select the
frequency mode, press again to select duty cycle,
and press again to exit.
e To operate the remaining buttons: press to select
and press again to exit.
NOTE
The response of the display and the pushbuttons
slow down in the capacitance mode.
An annunciator is displayed when a mode has been
selected. A quick way to reset all the pushbuttons to their
default state is to turn the rotary switch to an adjacent
Junction and then back to the function you are using.
4, To take a measurement, use the test lead probes to
make the proper contacts. Remember, insertthe meter
in the circuit in parallel for voltage and in series for
current measurements. Read the measurement on the
display. If you did not manually selecta range (by using
the RANGE button), the range that provides the best
resolution is automatically selected.
5. To run a performance check of the meter, turn the ro-
tary switch to Q and connect a test lead from the VA —+-
input to the mA pA input. (If you are using a test probe,
touch the half of the input contact nearest the LCD.)
The display should read 1.000 kQ + 5 digits. With the
rotary switch still at, test the A fuse (11A) by inserting
the plug end of the test lead into the A input and test
the mA pA fuse (44/100A) by inserting the plug end of
the test lead into the mA pA input. The beeper emits an
Input Alert if the fuses are good.
Although this procedure will allow you to get started quickly,
we suggest that you take the time to read the remainder of
this manual so that you can learn to take full advantage of
your meter's capabilities.
HOW TO USE THE METER
This section describes your meter and how to use it. FOR
EASE OF REFERENCE, EACH DESCRIPTION IS NUM-
BERED AND KEYED TO THE ILLUSTRATION INSIDE
THE FRONT COVER.
Input Terminals and Input Alert
Items 1-4 describe the input terminals. (See Table 1 for
overload limits.) Ifthe test leads are connected to the Amperes
input terminal, and the function selector switch is not in the
Amp measurement position, the beeper will emit an Input
HOW TO USE THE METER
Input Terminals
Table 1. Input Terminals and Limits
FUNCTION INPUT TERMINALS MIN DISPLAY MAX DISPLAY MAXIMUM
Red Lead Black Lead READING READING INPUT
Vv VO > COM 01 mV 1000V 1000V
Vv vo ++ COM 0.001V 1000V 1000V
mV VO ++ COM 0.1 mV 400.0 mV 1000V
0 VO > COM 0.1Q 40.00 MQ 1000V
ns VO > COM 0.01 nS 40.00 nS 1000V
E VO > COM 0.01 nF 5.00 uF 1000V
> VQ > COM 0.001V 3.000V 1000V
A = A COM 1 mA 20.00A* 11A 1000V FAST Fuse**
mA mA/ uA COM 0.01 mA 400.0 mA 44/100A 1000V
uh = mA/ uA COM 0.1 uA 4000 uA FAST Fuse**
* 10A continuous, 20A for 30 seconds maximum. ** Fuso protected.
HOW TO USE THE METER
Input Terminals and Function Selector Rotary Switch
Alert. An Input Alert will also sound if the test leads are
connected to the mA uA terminal and the function switch is not
in either Amp position. After an Input Alert sounds, the meter
will attempt to take a reading from inputs applied to the
terminal. input Alert can be disabled by pressing nn) while
turning the rotary switch from OFF to any function position.
©
@
A Amperes Input Terminal
For current measurements (ac or dc) up to 10A
continuous (20A for 30 seconds) when function
selector switch is in the mA/A position.
mA uA Milllamp/Microamp Input Terminal
For current measurements up to 400 mA (ac or dc)
when the function selector switch is in the mA/A
or uA position.
COM Common Terminal
Return terminal for all measurements.
VO + Volt, Ohms, Diode Test Input
Terminal
Function Selector Rotary Switch
©
ltem 5 describes functions that are selected by
setting the rotary switch. Each time the rotary
switch is moved from OFF to a function setting, all
LCD segments will turn on for one second as part
of a selftest routine. (This selftest routine is aiso
performed if the rotary switch is turned slowly
from one position to another.) The meter is then
ready for normal operations and will respond to
the rotary switch and pushbuttons.
OFF Power to the meter is turned off.
Vv Volts ac
Autoranges to the 400 mV, 4V, 40V, 400V or 1000V
range.
V Volts dc
Autoranges to the 4V, 40V, 400V or 1000V range.
mV Millivolts dc
Single 400 mV range.
") Q 4e Resistance (Q), conductance (1/0),
capacitance or continuity ( m)) ) testing.
HOW TO USE THE METER
Pushbuttons
Press the BLUE button to toggle between the
resistance and capacitance function. (The re-
sponse of the display and the pushbuttons slows
down in the capacitance mode.)
Аи!огапдаез 10 Пе 4000, 4 КО, 40 КО, 400 КО, 4
MQ, or 40 MQ resistance range.
In Manual Ranging mode, 40 nS conductance
range (equal to a 25-100,000 MQ range) is select-
able. (See item 8.)
Autoranges to the 05.00 nF, .0500 uF, 0.500 uF,
and 05.00 uF capacitance range.
When testing continuity, the beeper sounds if the
resistance falls below the typical values indicated
in Table 2.
—»+ Diode Test
Measures forward voltage of semiconductor
junction(s) at approximately 0.5 mA test current.
Single 0-3V range.
mA/A =: Milliamps or amperes
Defaults to dc. Press BLUE button to toggle be-
tween dc and ac.
Autoranges to the 40 mA or 400 mA range when
using the mA uA input terminal, or to the 4000 mA
or 10A range when using the A input terminal.
нА << Microamps
Defaults to dc. Press BLUE button to toggle be-
tween dc and ac.
Autoranges to the 400 uA or 4000 uA range when
using the mA uA input terminal.
Pushbuttons
items 6-12 describe how to use the pushbuttons. These
buttons are used (in conjunction with rotary switch) to select
operating modes and set power-on options. When a button
is pushed the beeper sounds (unless the beeper has been
turned off or the Data Output mode has been selected). A
summary of pushbutton operations is shown in Figure 2. An
annunciator is displayed to indicate that a mode or option
has been selected. A quick way to reset all the pushbuttons
to their default state is to turn the rotary switch to an adjacent
function and then back to the function you are using.
HOW TO USE THE METER
Pushbuttons
—PRESS TO SELECT
—PRESS AGAIN TO SCROLL OR INCREMENT
—PRESS AND HOLD DOWN FOR 2 SECONDS TO EXIT
e )
VA f
PA
( M} ) | REL A ) Hz
—PRESS TO SELECT FREQUENCY
—PRESS TO SELECT —PRESS AGAIN TO SELECT DUTY CYCLE
—PRESS AGAIN TO EXIT —PRESS AGAIN TO EXIT
Figure 2. Summary of Pushbutton Operations
HOW TO USE THE METER
Pushbuttons
©
ED AC or DC, Resistance or
Capacitance
Press the BLUE button to toggle between ac and
dc when measuring current, or between capaci-
tance and resistance when the rotary switch is set
to т О +.
Power-on Option: Disable Automatic Power-off
Automatic Power-off extends the life of the battery by turning the
meter off if neither the rotary switch nor a pushbutton is operated
for half an hour. (Automatic Power-off is not allowed in the MIN
MAX Recording or Data Output modes.) The meter turns back on
if either the rotary switch is turned or a pushbutton is pressed.
Minimum (MIN), Maximum (MAX),
MAX
Average (AVG) Recording
Press the MIN MAX button to enter the MIN MAX
Recording mode (manual range only). Select the
proper range before selecting MIN MAX to ensure
that the min max reading will not exceed the
measurement range. The minimum, maximum,
and average values are then reset to the present
input; the RECORD annunciator turns on; the
AUTO annunciator turns off; and the automatic
power-off feature is disabled.
In the MIN MAX Recording mode, the minimum
and maximum readings are storedin memory. The
beeper emits a tone when a new minimum or
maximum value is recorded. A continuous beeper
tone emits when an overload is recorded. Push
the MIN MAX button to cycle through the maximum
(MAX), minimum (MIN), average (AVG), and present
readings. The MIN, MAX, or AVG annunciator
turns on to indicate what value is being displayed.
If an overload is recorded, the averaging function
is stopped and the average value becomes OL
(overload).
The true average of all the readings taken over at
least athirty-six hour period can be displayed. If this
duration is exceeded, the actual minimum and
maximum readings will continue to be captured
and can be displayed. However, new averages are
no longer calculated. The last average calculated
is retained as the average reading.
At normal (default) record speed, changes to the
voltage, current, or resistance inputs that last at
least 100 ms are recorded, and the “100 ms” an-
nunciator turns on. Press and hold down the MIN
MAX button for 2 seconds to exit and erase re-
corded readings.
In the MIN MAX Recording mode, press the HOLD
button to stop the recording of readings; press
Q
HOW TO USE THE METER
Pushbuttons
10
again to restart recording. If recording is stopped,
the minimum, maximum, average, and present
values are frozen, but the bar graph continues to
be active. When recording is stopped, the stored
readings are not erased and you can still scroll
through these readings.
Power-on Option: Select High Accuracy MIN MAX Recording
The High Accuracy MIN MAX Recording mode has a response
time of approximately 1 second. Changes of more than 1 second
duration are recorded. The “100 ms” annunciator is turned off. In
the Frequency Counter mode, readings are always recorded at
the high accuracy recording speed; the response time is not
selectable.
Press the RANGE button to select the Manual
Range mode and turn off the AUTO annunciator.
(The meter remains in the range it was in when
manual ranging was selected.)
Manual Ranging
In the Manual Range mode, each time you press
the RANGE button, the range (and the input range
annunciator) increments, and a new value is dis-
played. If you are already in the highest range, the
meter “wraps around” to the lowest range. (In the
Frequency Counter mode, The RANGE button
©
manually selects the input voltage or current
range.) To exitthe Manual Range mode and return
to autoranging, Press and hold down the RANGE
button for 2 seconds. The AUTO annunciator
turns back on.
When the range is changed manually, the Touch
Hold, MIN MAX Recording, and REL[ative] modes
are disabled.
Power-on Option: Rotary Switch Test
The Rotary Switch Test is used only for servicing purposes. See
the 80 Series Service Manual for details. In the Rotary Switch
Test mode, normal meter functions are disabled. To exit the
Rotary Switch mode, turn the rotary switch to OFF and back to
any switch setting.
Display Hold
WARNING
TOUCH HOLD WILL NOT CAPTURE UNSTABLE
OR NOISY READINGS. DO NOT USE TOUCH
HOLD TO DETERMINE THAT CIRCUITS WITH
DANGEROUS VOLTAGE ARE DEAD.
Press the HOLD button to toggle in and out of the
Touch Hold mode, except if you are already in the
MIN MAX Recording or Frequency Counter mode.
HOW TO USE THE METER
Pushbuttons
In the Touch Hold mode, the [H] annunciator is
displayed and the last reading is held on the dis-
play. When a new, stable reading is detected, the
beeper emits a tone, and the display is automati-
cally updated. Pressing MIN MAX when you are in
the Touch Hold mode causes you to exit Touch
Hold and enter the MIN MAX Recording mode.
In the MIN MAX Recording mode, press the HOLD
button to stop the recording of readings; press
HOLD again to resume recording. (Previously re-
corded readings are not erased.)
In the Frequency Counter mode (Hz), press
HOLD to stop the display; press HOLD again to
start it.
Continuity Beeper
Pressthe ni!) button to toggle the beeper on or off
for continuity testing.
The beeper responds as indicated in Table 2.
In the Frequency Counter mode, pressing the nl
button changes the trigger slope from positive-
going edges to negative-going edges. The slope
selected is indicated by the bar graph polarity
annunciator (+).
Power-on Option: Disable Beeper
When the beeper has been disabled, ali beeper functions are
turned off. The beeper is automatically disabled ifthe meter is in
the Data Output mode.
Table 2. Beeper Responses in Continuity Test
Input Range Beeper On If
400.0Q < 400
4.000 kQ < 2000
40.00 kQ < 2 kQ
400.0 kQ < 20 kQ
4.000 MO < 200 kQ
40.00 MQ < 200 kQ
11
HOW TO USE THE METER
Pushbuttons
©
12
Press the REL button to enter the Relative mode,
zero the display, and store the displayed reading
as a reference value. Press REL again to exit the
relative mode.
Relative Readings
In the Relative mode, the value shown on the LCD
is always the difference between the stored ref-
erence value and the present reading. For ex-
ample, if the reference value is 15.00V and the
present reading is 14.10V, the display will indicate
-0.90V. Ifthe new reading is the same as the refer-
ence value, the display will be zero and the bar
graph will be zero-centered.
When REL is entered, the display reads zero, the
bar graph (see items 14-18) enters the Zoom
mode, and the Relative mode annunciator (A) is
displayed. In the Zoom mode, the center of the bar
graph becomes zero, and sensitivity is increased
by a factor of ten. Negative deviations from a
stored value turn on segments to the left; positive
deviations turn on segments to the right.
©
Power-on Option: Zoom Bar Graph with Normal Digital Display
In this mode, the bar graph operates inthe Zoom mode while the
digital display continues to show absolute readings. The A annun-
ciator will not be displayed. Press the REL button again to toggle
into the Zoom Bar Graph mode.
Press the Hz button to select the Frequency Coun-
ter mode; press again to select duty cycle (the
alternate counter function); press again to exit.
The bar graph does not operate in either the Fre-
quency Counter mode or duty cycle.
Frequency Counter Mode and
Duty Cycle
In Frequency Counter mode, the Hz annunciator
is displayed. The frequency function autoranges
over five ranges: 199.99 Hz, 1999.9 Hz, 19.999 kHz,
199.99 kHz, and greater than 200 kHz. The RANGE
button manually selects the voltage or current
input range. If duty cycle is selected, readings
from 0.1 through 99.9 are displayed. The “Hz”
annunciator turns off and “%” turns on.
Power-on Option: High Input Impedance Mode
The input impedance of the mV dc function (400 mV range) is
changed from 10 megohms to greater than 4000 megohms.
HOW TO USE THE METER
Summary of Power-on Options
Summary of Power-on Options
You can select a number of options each time you turn the
meter on. These power-on options (also listed on the rear of
the meter) are selected by holding down one or more of the
pushbuttons while turning the function switch to any ON
position. All power-on options are only disabled when the
rotary switch is turned to OFF. Each power-on option is
discussed in detail under “Pushbuttons” and summarized in
able 3.
Table 3. Options Available at Power-on
in mV DC
OPTION PUSHBUTTON FUNCTION
Automatic Power-off BLUE Disable Automatic Power-off
MIN MAX Record Speed MIN MAX Select High Accuracy record speed. (Response time approxi-
mately 1 second)
Rotary Switch Test RANGE For servicing purposes only. See 80 Series Service Manual
Data Output HOLD H Enable ultrasonic data transmission. (For use in factory testing
oniy, cannot be modified for customer use.Beeper functions dis-
abled.)
Disable Beeper 111) Turns off all Beeper functions
Zoom Bar Graph with REL After pressing REL, the bar graph operates in Zoom mode, while
Normal Digital Display digital display shows absolute readings. The REL button toggles
the bar graph display between Zoom and Normal mode.
High Input Impedance Hz Provides >4000 MS2 input impedance for 400 mV dc range
13
HOW TO USE THE METER
Digital and Bar Graph Displays
Digital and Bar Graph Display
Items 13-18 describe the digital and bar graph displays and
LCD annunciators.
(3)
14
Digital Display
Digital readings are displayed on a 4000-count
display with polarity () indication and automatic
decimal point placement. When the meter is
turned on, all display segments and annunciators
appear briefly during a selftest. The display up-
dates four times per second, except when fre-
quency readings are taken. Then the update rate
is 3 per second.
racer» Analog Bar Graph
The bar graph provides an analog representation
of readings and updates 40 times per second. it
does not operate in the Capacitance function orin
the Frequency Counter mode. The bar graph con-
sists of 43 segments that illuminate from left to
rightas the inputincreases. Astheinputincreases,
additional segments are displayed; as the input
decreases, fewer segments are displayed. The
polarity annunciators flash as a dc signal reaches
0. If the signal goes negative, the negative annun-
ciator (-) is displayed, and additional bar graph
segments are displayed from leftto right, indicating
a more negative input signal. For uses of the bar
graph, see “Using the Analog Bar Graph.”
The length of the bar graph is relative to the full
scale value of the range in use. If the input equals
or exceeds 4096 counts on the range selected, the
bar graph displays an arrow at the far right of the
display.
When the REL mode is entered, the bar graph
zero-centers and enters the Zoom mode, increas-
ing sensitivity by a factor of ten (See item 11 and
“Using the Zoom Bar Graph”).
0 1 z 3 4
Tavastakarhpenntenagdeppnteert rra,
Bar Graph Scale
Scale for absolute readings.
+ Bar Graph Polarity
Indicates the polarity of the input except in the
Frequency Counter mode, when it indicates the
polarity of the trigger slope (edge).
HOW TO USE THE METER
Digital and Bar Graph Displays
4000 mV Input Range Annunciator
Displays 4, 40, 400, or 4,000 input range for volts,
amps, or ohms, and 400 mV.
OL Overload Indication
Displayed on digital display when input (or math
calculation in REL mode) is too large to display. If
you are taking duty cycle readings, OL is displayed
if the input signal stays high or low.
[tems 19-22 describe annunciators that indicate the mode or
state in which the meter is operating:
AUTO Autorange
Meter is in the autorange mode and will auto-
matically select the range with the best resolution.
Meter powers-on in autorange mode.
In the autorange mode, the meter ranges up at
4096 counts and ranges down at 360. When the
meter is in the Manual Range mode, the overrange
arrow is displayed until you manually select a
range appropriate for the input value.
See item 8 for manual ranging.
e Low Battery
Meter is powered by a single 9V battery, with a
typical life of 500 hours with an alkaline battery. At
least 8 hours of battery life remain when [ES] is first
displayed. À battery check is taken between
measurements.
(21) 11))) Beeper
Continuity testis enabled. See item 10and Table 2.
(23) mus Negative Polarity
Automatically indicates negative inputs. When
REL is enabled, indicates negative results of math
calculations.
items 23 through 30 describe math function annunciators
and the annunciators that indicate the units of the value
displayed.
15
HOW TO USE THE METER
Pushbuttons
©
16
А Relative Mode
The value displayed is the difference between the
present measurement and the previously stored
reading. See item 11.
100 ms Normal Recording Speed in MIN
MAX Recording Mode
Input changes of 100 milliseconds or longer will
be recorded. If the 100 ms is not on, the recording
speed in MIN MAX is 1 second.
RECORD Minimum, Maximum, and Average
Recording
Readings are being recorded in the MIN MAX
Recording mode. A maximum (MAX), minimum
(MIN), or average (AVG) reading can be displayed.
MAX Maximum Value in MIN MAX
Recording Mode
The value displayed is the maximum reading tak-
en since the MIN MAX Recording mode was
entered.
MIN Minimum Value in MIN MAX
Recording Mode
The value displayed is the minimum reading taken
since the MIN MAX Recording mode was entered.
AVG Average Value in MIN MAX
Recording Mode
The value displayed is the true average of all read-
ings taken since the MIN MAX Recording mode
was entered.
H Hold
The meter is operating in a Display Hold mode.
See item 9 for Display Holds.
The following annunciators indicate the unit of the
value displayed:
AC Alternating current or voltage
DC Direct current or voltage
V Volts
mV Millivolts (1 x 107* volts)
A Ampere (amps). Current
mA Milliampere (1 x 107° amps)
APPLICATIONS
Measuring Voltage (AC/DC)
ЦА Microampere (1 x 107° amps)
nS Nanosiemens (1 x 10” siemens).
Conductance (1/0)
% Percent Annunciator (for duty cycle
readings only)
Q Ohms. Resistance
e Kilohm (1 x 10° ohms). Resistance
MQ Megohm (1 x 10° ohms). Resistance
Hz Hertz (1 cycle/sec). Frequency
kHz Kilohertz (1 x 10° cycles/sec).
Frequency
uF Microfarads (1 x 107° Farads).
Capacitance
nF Nanofarads (1 x 10° Farads).
Capacitance
Holster and Flex-Stand
The meter comes with a snap-on holster that absorbs
shocks and protects the meter from rough handling. The
holster is equipped with a Flex-Stand. Some uses of the
holster with Flex-Stand are shown in Figure 3.
APPLICATIONS
This section discusses some common applications for your
meter, and alerts you to some considerations to keep in mind
when taking measurements.
Measuring Voltage (AC/DC)
To measure voltage, connect the meter in parallel with the
load or circuit under test. Each of the five ac/dc voltage
ranges presents an input impedance of approximately 10
MQ in parallel with less than 100 pF. AC voltage is ac-coupled
to the 10 MQ input.
To improve the accuracy of dc voltage measurements made
in the presence of ac voltages, measure the ac voltage first.
Note the ac voltage range and manually select a dc voltage
range that is the same or higher than the ac voltage range.
This method improves the dc voltage accuracy by ensuring
that the input protection circuits are not being activated. A
typical application is measuring the dc offset voltage of an
amplifier in the presence of an ac signal.
17
HOW TO USE THE METER
Holster and Flex-Stand
E
Va
HOLSTER WITH FLEX-STAND
LOOPED OVER DOOR
HOLSTER WITH FLEX-STAND BENT
HOLSTER WITH FLEX-STAND EXTENDED
METER IN HOLSTER FACE DOWN
(Store Quick Reference Guide under meter)
HOLSTER WITH TEST PROBE IN CLIP
HOLSTER WITH FLEX-STAND
LOOPED OVER BELT
18
Figure 3. Holster and Flex-Stand
APPLICATIONS
Measuring Current
Measurement errors due to circuit loading can result when
making either ac or dc voltage measurements on circuits
with high source impedance. In most cases, the error is
negligible (0.1% or less) if the measurement circuit source
impedance is 10 kilohms or less.
Measuring Current
WARNING
DO NOT ATTEMPT AN IN-CIRCUIT CURRENT
MEASUREMENT WHERE THE POTENTIAL TO
EARTH IS GREATER THAN 1000V. YOU MAY
DAMAGE THE METER OR BE INJURED IF THE
FUSE BLOWS WHILE CURRENT IS BEING
MEASURED IN A CIRCUIT WHICH EXHIBITS
AN OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE GREATERTHAN
1000V.
To measure current, connect the meter in series with the load
or circuit under test. Use the BLUE button to toggle between
alternating and direct current.
If you do not know approximately what the current is, con-
nect the circuitto the Ainputterminal firstto see if you have a
safe level for the mA uA input terminal. Use the mA yA input
terminal for current up to 400 mA.
When measuring current, the meter’s internal shunt resistors
develop a voltage across the meter’s terminals called “burden
voltage.” This voltage drop is very low in your meter, but it
may affect precision circuits or measurements.
To calculate the burden voltage: in A, multiply the display read-
ing by 0.03V; in pA, multiply the display reading by 1.8 mV; in
pA, multiply the display reading by 100 pV. For example, at a
20 mA display reading, the burden voltage is
20.00 x 1.8 mV = 36 mV.
The approximate resistance between the input terminals is
0.03 ohms for A, 1.8 ohms for mA, and 100 ohms for mA.
Continuity Testing
Continuity testing verifies that circuit connections are intact.
To perform audible continuity tests, set the rotary switch to
{пе м) О не position, press the wn button, and connectthe
meter to your circuit. Test resistances below the values listed
in Table 2 cause the meter to emita continuous tone. Use the
400 ohm range for most wiring checks.
The continuity mode is extremely fast and can be used to
detect either shorts or opens that last for as little as 1
millisecond. When a change is detected, the beeper tone is
“stretched” to last at least 4 second so you can hear it and
detect both shorts and opens. This can be a valuable
19
APPLICATIONS
Measuring Resistance
troubleshooting aid when looking for intermittents associ-
ated with cables, connections, switches, relays, etc. If the test
value is very close to the threshold, erratic beeps can also
occur due to environmental electrical noise (EMI).
Measuring Resistance
CAUTION
Turn off power on the test circuit and discharge
all capacitors before attempting in-circuit resis-
tance measurements. If an external voltage is
present across a component, it will be im-
possible to take an accurate measurement of
the resistance of that component.
The meter measures resistance by passing a known current
through the external circuit or component, measuring the
voltage drop, and calculating the resistance using Ohm's
Law (Q=V/A). Remember, the resistance displayed by the
meter is the total resistance through all possible paths be-
tween the probes. This explains why in-circuit measurement
of resistors does not often yield the ohms value indicated by
the resistors color code.
The resistance in the test leads can diminish accuracy on the
lowest (400-ohm) range. The error is usually 0.1 to 0.2 ohms
for a standard pair of test leads. To determine the error, short
20
the test leads together and read the resistance of the leads.
Use the Relative (REL) mode to automatically subtract the
lead resistance from resistance measurements.
When measuring resistance, be sure that the contact be-
tween the probes and the circuit under test is good. Dirt, oil,
solder flux, or other foreign matter seriously affect resistance.
Most in-circuit resistance measurements can be made with-
out removing diodes and transistors from the circuit. The
full-scale measurement voltage produced on ranges below
40 MQ does not forward-bias silicon diodes or transistor
junctions enough to cause them to conduct. Use the highest
range you can (except 40 MQ) to minimize the possibility of
turning on diodes or transistor junctions. Full-scale mea-
surement voltage in the 40-MQ range does forward-bias a
diode or transistor enough to cause it to conduct.
In resistance (and all other functions except current), the mA
MA input is connected to a 1-kilohm resistor. If the mA uA
input protection fuse is good, this input can be used as a
partial check of proper operation in resistance. The input
receptacles have split contacts; touch the probe to the half
nearest the LCD. The 1-kilohm resistor is protected by a
3-diode clamp. Do not apply external voltage; it may blow the
fuse. |
APPLICATIONS
Measuring Conductance
Using Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests
Conductanceis the inverse of resistance (i.e., 1/ohms) and is
measured in units of nanosiemens (nS = 1 x 107° Siemens).
The 40-nS range on your meter effectively extends the
resistance measurement capability to 100,000 MQ. The
40-nS range can, therefore, be used to test the resistance or
leakage in insulators, diodes, transistors, cables, connectors,
printed circuit boards, transformers, motors, capacitors, or
other high resistance components.
To measure conductance, set the rotary switch to the Q
function, and press RANGE to manually increment to the
40-nS range. Plug the test leads into the VQO+>+ and COM
inputterminals, and then connectthese leads across the unit
under test. The reading displayed is in units of conductance
(nS). To convert this reading to megohms, divide the reading
into 1000 (1000/ displayed reading in nS = MO). For example
2.00 nS converts to 500 MQ (1000/2.00). High value resis-
tance measurements are susceptible to induced noise and
may require careful shielding. To smooth out most noisy
readings, enter the MIN MAX Recording mode and scroll to
the average (AVG) reading.
NOTE
In the conductance range, there is normally a small
residual reading with open test leads. To ensure
accurate measurements, connect clean test leads to
the meter and (with the leads open) read the
residual leakage in nanosiemens. Correct subse-
quent measurements by using the Relative mode
(REL) to zero the display, which subtracts the
residual from the readings.
Diode leakage tests require that the diode junction be
reverse-biased when being measured. To do this, connect
the anode of the diode to the COM input terminal and the
cathode (ring) of the diode to the VQ-+ input terminal.
Leakage at the test voltage being applied can then be read in
terms of conductance.
High-voltage, stacked diode, assemblies can usually be
tested for forward and reverse resistance changes using
conductance. These assemblies typically have such high
forward voltage drops that the diode test or resistance
modes cannot test them.
21
APPLICATIONS
Measuring Capacitance
Noisy Resistance Measurements
Your Fiuke meter is designed to tolerate up to several volts of
ac noise. Noise appears as changing numbers on the digital
display and as an oscillating bar graph. Changing the range
may reduce the noise. To smooth out the effect of noise on
your readings, enter the MIN MAX Recording mode and
scroll to the average reading.
Measuring Capacitance
CAUTION
Turn off power and discharge the capacitor
before attempting a capacitance measurement.
Use the volts dc function ( y ) to confirm that the
capacitor is discharged.
The meter measures capacitance by charging the capacitor
with a known current, measuring the resultant voltage, and
calculating the capacitance. The measurement takes about
1 second per range (push button responses also take about 1
second). The capacitor charge can be up to 1.2V.
For measuring capacitor values up to 5.0 uF, turn the rotary
switch to I) Q—t—, press the blue button, and connect the
test leads to the capacitor. The meter will select the proper
range automatically. Each measurement takes about 1 sec-
29
ond per range. When making repeated measurements of simi-
lar values, press RANGE to manually select the proper range
and to speed up subsequent measurements. For capacitors
less than 5 nF or in noisy environments, use short test leads
or a test fixture.
The measurement accuracy of capacitors less than 5 nF can
be improved by first using the Relative mode to zero the
display and automatically subtract the residual meter and
test lead capacitance. Since the Relative mode also selects
manual ranging, zero the residual capacitance only when
measuring small value capacitors.
Residual voltage charges on the capacitor, or capacitors
with poor insulation resistance or poor dielectric absorption
may cause measurement errors.
To check capacitors larger than 5 uF, select QQ with the rotary
switch (or press the blue button if you are in the capacitance
mode). Select an appropriate range from Table 4. Discharge
the capacitor, connect the capacitor to the meter, and time
the number of seconds it takes for the charge to go from zero
to full scale. To estimate the value of the capacitor, multiply
the number of seconds times the charge rate (uF/sec) in
Table 4. For example, a 10 uF capacitor takes about 33
seconds to charge in the 4 MQ range or 3.3 seconds in the
400 kQ range. To reconfirm your estimate, reverse the test
APPLICATIONS
Diode Testing
leads; when the capacitor discharges to zero (the analog
display polarity switches from — to +), start timing the
recharge to full scale.
Diode Testing
To perform a diode or transistor junction test: plug the test
leads into the VQ-»+(positive) and COM inputs, turn the rotary
switch to», and connect the test leads across the diode(s).
In diode test, voltage is developed across the component(s)
by a test current (approximately 0.6 mA with the test leads
shorted) from the meter. Voltage is read on a single 0 to
+3.000V range that can measure up to five silicon diode or
transistor junctions in series. For a silicon diode, the typical
forward voltage should be about 0.6V. Voltages greater than
3.00V or open test leads produce an overload (OL) reading.
If the digital reading is the same in both directions, the diode
junction is probably shorted. If the display reads OL in both
directions, the diode junction is probably open. To protect sen-
sitive devices, the open test lead voltage from the meter will
Table 4. Approximate Charge Rate for Capacitors
Range 400Q2 | 4kQ |40kQ | 400 kQ | 4 MQ
UF/sec 2600 275 29 2.9 0.29
not exceed 3.9V. Negative inputs (from an external power
source, for example) are not suppressed.
Use the Touch Hold mode (see item 9) to make audible diode
tests. When the test leads are placed across the diode, a
good diode or transistor junction will cause the meter to beep
(and update the display) in the forward-biased direction and
remain silent in the reverse-biased direction. A short or resis-
tance below about 30 kQ will cause a beep in both directions.
If an open is detected, the meter will remain silent in both
directions.
Using the Analog Bar Graph
The bar graph is easy to use and interpret. It functions much
the same as the needle on an analog meter without the
mechanical overshoot inherent in needle movements.
The bar graph is especially useful for peaking and nulling,
and observing rapidly changing inputs. The bar graph
response time is fast, and it can be used to make approximate
adjustments quickly. The 4000-count digital display can then
be used for final adjustment.
The analog bar graph can also be used for limited diagnostic
purposes. In situations where rapidly fluctuating signal
levels make the digital display useless, the bar graph 15 ideal.
Like the needie on a Volt-ohm-milliammeter (VOM), the
nn
APPLICATIONS
Using the Zoom Bar Graph
analog bar graph excels at displaying trends, or slowly
changing signals. In addition, in the autorange mode, you
can monitor signal change through changing ranges. Many
diagnostic routines using the bar graph require practice. You
will usually be looking for good or bad signal patterns that
occur over some span of time. Noisy resistance measure-
ments, for instance, create such patterns. Therefore, familiar-
ity with analog bar graph response and movement is
necessary to accurately interpret a signal pattern. Compare
the bar graph response when making measurements on a
unit known to be good, to the bar graph response when
making measurements on a faulty unit.
Using the Zoom Bar Graph
When you select the Relative mode, the bar graph enters the
Zoom mode. In the Zoom mode, the center of the bar graph
scale becomes the zero (relative) point for the bar graph, and
the sensitivity of the bar graph increases by a factor of 10 (ten
digital display counts per segment). This mode is ideal for
peaking, nulling, zero adjustments, and examining noisy or
unstable inputs. If you want to use the bar graph in Zoom
mode without zeroing the digital display, hold down the REL
button when you turn the meter on.
"A
For fast and accurate zero adjustments, simply short the test
leads together, press REL, and then connect the testleads to
the circuit under test. When the input is zero, only a single bar
graph segment will be in the center. When the input is above
zero (positive), the bar graph will be turned on to the right of
center; when the inputis below zero (negative), the bar graph
will be turned on to the left of center. The bar graph acts like a
sensitive zero-centered analog meter.
For peaking and nulling adjustments, set the meter to the
desired function, connect it to the circuit under test, and
press REL. À single bar graph segment will be on in the
center. As you adjust for a peak, the bar graph will increase
from the center to the right; as you adjust for a nuli, the bar
graph will increase from the center to the left. If the left or right
bar graph overange symbol ( 4 ог } ) comes on, simply press
REL twice to set a new reference and bring the bar graph
back to the center. Then continue with your peak or null
adjustment.
Using the MIN MAX Recording Mode
The MIN MAX Recording mode can be used to catch
intermittents and turn on or turn off surges, verify per-
formance, measure while you are away (“baby sit”), or take
APPLICATIONS
Using the MIN MAX Recording Mode
readings while you are operating the equipment under test
and cannot watch the meter. The audible MIN MAX Alert
indicates when anew minimum or maximum value has been
recorded.
You can select either a 100 ms or 1 second (high accuracy)
“response time” for recording minimum and maximum
readings. The response time is the length of time an input
must stay at a new value to record the full change. The
‘normal (default) response time is 100 ms.
The 100 ms response time is best for recording power supply
surges, inrush currents, and finding intermittent failures. This
mode follows the analog bar graph. (The minimum and
maximum excursions of the bar graph get recorded.)
The high accuracy mode (1 second response time) follows
the digital display and can be selected as a power-on option
by pressing MIN MAX while turning the meter on. This mode
has the full accuracy of the meter and is best for recording
power supply drift, line (mains) voltage changes, or circuit
performance while line voltage, temperature, load, or some
other parameter is being changed. Frequency Counter read-
ings are recorded only in the high accuracy mode.
In the MIN MAX Recording mode, the true average of all
readings taken since entering MIN MAX is calculated. The
average value displayed in both the 100 ms and 1 s modes is
the mathematical integral of the input (within the response
time and accuracy specifications of the meter). When you
display the average, the reading rate slows somewhat in
order to calculate the average of the accumulated readings.
The average reading is useful for smoothing out unstable or
changing inputs, calculating power consumption (such as
kilowatt hours), estimating the percent of time a circuit is
operational, or verifying circuit performance (or temperature
with the optional 80TK Thermocouple Module).
If you want to record readings only during the duration of a
particular test (such as during the frequency response
sweep of an audio amplifier, for example), apply the input
signal, start the test (or sweep, in this example), and let the
meter stabilize. Now press MIN MAX, then press HOLD, and
stop the test. The minimum, maximum, and average of all
readings taken during the test are now held in memory.
Momentarily press MIN MAX to scroll to the reading of
interest. Be careful: if you hold down the MIN MAX button for
longer than a second, you will exit the MIN MAX Recording
mode and erase the memory. As long as the rotary switch is
not turned and the other pushbuttons (except REL) are not
25
APPLICATIONS
Measuring Frequency
pressed, these readings will remain in memory until the
battery dies.
Measuring Frequency
In the Frequency Counter mode, the frequency display
autoranges to one of five ranges: 199.99 Hz, 1999.9 Hz,
19.999 kHz, 199.99 kHz, and greater than 200 kHz. For
frequencies below 10 Hz, the update rate slows and follows
the input signal. For frequencies between 0.5 Hz and 0.3 Hz,
the display may not be stable. For frequencies below 0.3 Hz,
the display shows 0.000 Hz.
For most frequency measurements, turn the rotary switch to
the Y setting, connectthe meterto the signal being measured,
and then press the Hz button. Connecting the meter to the
signal before pressing Hz will normaliy allow the meter to
autorange to an appropriate range, but the minimum input
signal required to trigger the frequency counter varies,
depending on the range and frequency (see Specifications).
If the input signal is below the trigger level, frequency
measurements will not be taken. If your readings are
unstable, the input signal may be near the trigger level for
that range. You can usually correct this by selecting a lower
range. In the Frequency Counter mode, the range (displayed
in the lower-right corner of the LCD) will only change when
you press the RANGE button.
26
If your readings seem to be a multiple of what you expected,
your input signal may have distortion or ringing. (For
example, electronic motor controls distort both voltage and
current waveforms.) Select a higher input range if you
suspect multiple triggering. An alternative is to turn the rotary
switch to the Ÿ or mV setting, which will shiftthe trigger level
from QV to a positive voltage that changes with each range. In
general, the lowest frequency displayed is the correct one.
In the Frequency Counter mode, the input range acts like an
attenuator, the V function ac-couples the input signal, and
the Y and mv functions dc-couple the input signal. The Y
function is optimized for triggering on logic and switching
signais. The 4V de range is optimized to trigger on all
common 5V logic families (triggers at 1.7V + 0.1V). High
frequency logic signals may require the use ofthe 400 mV ac
range. The 40V dc range is optimized to trigger on automotive
switching signals (triggers at 4V £1V). All ranges in the Y
function trigger at approximately 10% of range, except for the
4V range.
Frequency measurements can be made on current inputs.
The inputs are always dc-coupled. The triggering character-
istics are shown in Table 5.
APPLICATIONS
Measuring Duty Cycle
may cause a measurement problem called “aliasing.” Alias-
ing results when the frequency of the input signal happens to
be exactly synchronized with the reference crystal oscillator
of the meter. This occurs when the frequency of the input
signal can be exactly divided into the frequency of the
oscillator (131,072 Hz) or one of the oscillator's harmonics.
When they are nearly synchronized, the meter is “blind” to
the correct duty cycle, and the display will alternate between
incorrect readings. If this occurs, and the frequency reading
was stable, simply press MIN MAX to select the MIN MAX
Record mode and scroll to the average display. The average
display will stabilize on the correct duty cycle.
À common duty cycle measurementis the “dwell” angle in an
automobile. Dwell is the number of degrees of distributor
rotation thatthe points remain closed (or currentis flowing in
the coil). Use the following to convert a dwell angle to duty
cycle (in percent):
Dwell (in degrees) x no. of cylinders x 100
% Duty Cycle =
o Duty Cy 360 degrees
To make a dwell measurement, set the rotary switch to У,
select the 40V range, press Hz twice (the % annunciator on
+ SLOPE
TRIGGER POINT-— 7
-SLOPE /
— TRIGGER POINT 7
/
-— 30% +SLOPE
+ 100%
70% -SLOPE
Figure 4. Duty Cycle Measurement of Typical Logic Signal
mm
MAINTENANCE
the right side of the LCD should turn on), and press the mi
button (to select the negative trigger slope so the measure-
ment will be the “off” or points closed time). Then connectthe
СОМ inputto ground, and connect the VQ-++input to the low
(or switched) side of the coil.
Pulse Width Measurements
For a periodic waveform (that is, repetitive at equal time
intervals), a duty cycle measurement can be easily converted
to pulse width. First measure the frequency and then
measure the duty cycle. Toggle the m) button to select the
polarity of the pulse you want to measure. To convert
frequency and duty cycle measurements into a pulse width,
use the following:
% Duty Cycle/100
Pulse Width =
Frequency
MAINTENANCE
Repairs or servicing not covered in this manual should only
be performed by qualified personnel as described in the 80
Series Service Manual (refer to Table 6 for part number).
General Maintenance
Periodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and detergent;
do not use abrasives or solvents.
Water, dirt, or contamination in the A or mA pA terminals may
activate the Input Alert feature even though test leads are not
inserted. If the input alert is falsely activated by moisture:
1. Turn the meter off and remove all test leads.
2. Shake out the input receptacles.
3. Use a clean swab in each of the four terminals to dis-
lodge and clean out the contamination.
4, Soak a new swab with the cleaning and oiling agent
WD40. Work this swab around in the A and mA pA
terminals. The oiling agent insulates the terminals from
moisture-related shorting, ensuring against future erro-
neous Input Alerts.
Calibration
Calibrate your meter once a year to ensure that it performs
according to its specifications. Contact the nearest Service
Center or refer to the 80 Series Service Manual for calibration
procedures. For replacement parts, see the parts list at the
end of this manual.
29
MAINTENANCE
Battery Replacement
/N FUSE (F2) F11A, 1000V
MINIMUM INTERRUPT RATING /N FUSE (F1) F44/100A, 1000V
17 000A MINIMUM INTERRUPT RATING
10 000A
CASE TOP
9V BATT
CASE BOTTOM
BATTERY
CONNECTOR
Figure 5. Battery and Fuse Replacement
30
MAINTENANCE
Fuse Test
WARNING
TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK, REMOVE THE
TEST LEADS AND ANY INPUT SIGNALS BE-
FORE REPLACING THE BATTERY OR FUSES.
TO PREVENT DAMAGE OR INJURY, INSTALL
ONLY QUICK ACTING FUSES WITH THE AMP/
VOLT RATINGS SHOWN IN FIGURE 5.
Battery Replacement
The meter is powered by a single 9V battery (NEDA 1604,
6F22, or 006P). Referring to Figure 5, use the following
procedure to replace the battery:
1.
Disconnect test leads from any live source, turn the
rotary switch to OFF, and remove the test leads from
the front terminals.
The case bottom is secured to the case top by three
screws and two internal snaps (at the LCD end). Using
a Phillips-head screwdriver, remove the three screws
from the case bottom and turn the case over.
Lift the input terminal end of the case top until it gently
unsnaps from the case bottom at the end nearest the
LCD.
Lift the battery from the case bottom, and carefully
disconnect the battery connector leads.
Snap the battery connector leads to the terminals of a
new battery and reinsert the battery into the case
bottom. Dress the battery leads so that they will not be
pinched between the case bottom and case top.
Ensure that the case top rotary switch and circuit
board switch are in the OFF position.
Replace the case top, ensuring that the gasketis prop-
erly seated and the two snaps on the case top (at the
end near the LCD) are engaged. Reinstall the three
screws.
Fuse Test
Use the following procedure to test the internal fuses of the
meter.
1.
2.
Turn the rotary selector switch to the m) N + position.
Plug a test lead into the VAQ->- input terminal and touch
the probe to the A input terminal. Because the recept-
acles of the input terminals contain split contacts, be
sure that you touch the probe to the half of the recept-
acle contact that is nearest the LCD.
MAINTENANCE
Fuse Replacement
3. The display should indicate between 00.0 and 00.5
ohms. This tests F2 (11A, 1000V). If the LCD reads OL
(overload), replace the fuse and test again. If the LCD
reads any other value, have the meter serviced.
4, Move the probe from the A input terminal to the mA uA
input terminal.
5. The display should indicate between .995 kilohms and
1.0005 kQ. This tests F1 (44/100A, 1000V). If the LCD
reads OL (overload), replace the fuse and test again. If
the LCD reads any other value, have the meter
serviced.
Fuse Replacement
Referring to Figure 5, use the following procedure to exam-
ine or replace the meter’s fuses:
1. Perform steps 1 through 3 of the battery replacement
procedure.
2. Remove the defective fuse by gently prying one end of
the fuse loose and sliding the fuse out of the fuse
bracket.
3. install a new fuse of the same size and rating. Make
sure the new fuse is centered in the fuse holder.
4. Ensure that the case top rotary switch and circuit
board switch are in the OFF position.
5. Replace the case top, ensuring thatthe gasket is prop-
erly seated, the battery leads are properly dressed, and
the two snaps on the case top (atthe end near the LCD)
are engaged. Reinstall the three screws.
Service
If the meter fails, check the battery and fuse(s) and replace as
needed. If the meter still does not work properly, review this
manual to make sure you are operating it correctly. if the
meter still malfunctions, pack it securely in its original
shipping container and forward it, postage paid, to the
nearest Service Center. Include a description of the malfunc-
tion. Fluke assumes NO responsibility for damage in transit.
A meter under warranty will be promptly repaired or replaced
(at Fluke's option) and returned at no charge. See the
registration card for warranty terms. If the warranty has
lapsed, the meter will be repaired and returned for a fixed fee.
Contact the nearest Service Center for information and
prices. A list of U.S. and International Service Centers is atthe
back of this manual.
REPLACEMENT PARTS
REPLACEMENT PARTS
NOTE
A When servicing the meter, use only the replacement
parts specified.
Replacement parts are shown in Figure 6 and listed in Table
6. To order replacement parts in the USA, call 1-800-
526-4731. To order outside the USA, contact the nearest
Service Center.
33
REPLACEMENT PARTS
Table 6. Replacement Parts
ITEMS DESCRIPTION FLUKE PART NUMBER QUANTITY
BT1 Battery, 9V 614487 1
F1* Fuse, F44/100A, 1000V 203411 1
F2* Fuse, F11A, 1000V 203403 1
H1 Screw, Case 832246 3
H2 Gasket, Case 826198 1
MP1 Foot, Non-Skid 824466 2
MP2 O-Ring, Input Receptacle 831933 1
TM1 User's Manual, Fluke 83/85 (English) 834218 1
TM2 User's Manual, Fluke 83/85 (International) 834226 --
TM3 Service Manual: CAT lll labeled meters 617826 --
all other meters 834168 --
TM4 Quick Reference Guide, Fluke 80 Series 844290 1
TL20** Industrial Test Leads Set (Optional) -- --
TL75** Test Let Set -- 1
C81Y** Holster, Yellow -- 1
C81G** Holster, Gray (Optional) -- --
С25** Carrying Case, Soft (Optional) -- --
* To ensure safely, use Fluke supplied fuses only.
** [tons marked with two asterisks are Fluke accessories and are available from your authorized Fluke/Philips distributor.
34
REPLACEMENT PARTS
C81Y, C81G
Figure 6. Replaceable Parts
SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications
FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION | ACCURACY* +
V (Fluke 83) 50 Hz - 60 Hz 45 Hz - 1 kHz 1 kHz - 5 kHz
400.0 mV 0.1 mV +(1.0% + 4) +(1.5% + 4) +(2.0% + 4)
4.000V 0.001V +(1.0% + 3) +(1.5% + 3) +(2.0% + 3)
40.00V 0.01V +(1.0% +3) +(1.5% +3) +(2.0% + 3)
400.0V 0.1V +(1.0%+3) +(1.5%+3) +(2.0% + 3)FT
1000V 1V +(1.0% +3) +(2.5% +3) Unspecified
V (Fluke 85) 50 Hz -60 Hz | 45 Hz - 1 kHz | 1 kHz-5kHz | 5 kHz - 20 kHz
400.0 mV 0.1mV +(0.5% + 4) +(1.0% + 4) | +(2.0% + 4) +(3.0% + 4)
4.000V 0.001V +(0.5% + 2) +(1.0% + 2) | +(2.0% + 2) +(4.0% + 4)
40.00V 0.01V +(0.5% + 2) +(1.0% +2) | +(2.0% +2) +(4.0% + 4)
400.0V 0.1V +(0.5%+ 2) +(1.0%+2) | +(2.0% + 211 Unspecified
1000V 1V +(0.5% + 2) +(2.0% +2) | Unspecified Unspecified
* Accuracy is given as + ([% of reading] + [number of least significant digits]) at 18°C to 28°C with relative
humidity up to 90%, for a period of one year after calibration. AC conversions are ac-coupled, average
responding, and calibrated to the rms value of a sine wave input.
+ Below a reading of 200 counts, add 10 digits.
t+ Frequency range: 1 kHz to 2.5 kHz.
Specifications (cont)
SPECIFICATIONS
FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY
“ Fluke 83 Fluke 85
V 4.000V 0.001V +(0.3% + 1) +(0.1% + 1)
40.00V 0.01V +(0.3% + 1) +(0.1% + 1)
400.0V 0.1V +(0.3% + 1) +(0.1% + 1)
1000V 1V +(0.3% + 1) +(0.1% + 1)
mv 400.0 mV 0.1 mv +(0.3% + 1) +(0.1% + 1)
Q 400.00 0.1Q +(0.4% + 2)** +(0.2% + 2)**
4.000 КО 0.001 КО +(0.4% + 1) +(0.2% + 1)
40.00 КО 0.01 kQ +(0.4% + 1) +(0.2% + 1)
400.0 kQ 0.1 ko +(0.7% + 1) +(0.6% + 1)
4.000 MQ 0.001 MQ +(0.7% + 1) +(0.6% + 1)
40.00 MQ 0.01 MQ +(1% + 3) +(1% + 3)
(nS) 40.00 nS 0.01 nS +(1% + 10) +(1% + 10)
** When using the REL A function to compensate for offsets.
TYPICAL OHMS SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT
RANGE
400
4K
40K
400K
4M
40M
CURRENT
200 pA
80 LA
12 LA
1.4 UA
.2 HA
2 LA
37
SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications (cont)
FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY**
Capacitance 5.00 nF 0.01 nF +(1% + 3)
0.0500 uF 0.0001 pF +(1% + 3)
0.500 pF 0.001 pF +(1% +3)
5.00 uF 0.01 uF +(1% + 3)
Diode Test 3.000V 0.001V +(2% + 1)
FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY BURDEN VOLTAGE
Fluke 83 Fluke 85 (TYPICAL)
mA 40.00 mA 0.01 mA +(1.2% + 2) t | +(0.6% + 2) + 1.8 mV/mA
A 400.0 mA 0.1 mA +(1.2% + 2) + | +(0.6% + 2) 4 1.8 mV/mA
(45 Hz to 2 kHz) 4000 mA 1 mA +(1.2% +2) 1 | £(0.6% +2) + 0.03 V/A
10.00A { 0.01A +(1.2% +2) T | +(0.60% +2) T 0.03 V/A
mA 40.00 mA 0.01 mA +(0.4% +2) | +(0.2% + 2) 1.8 mV/mA
A —-- 400.0 mA 0.1 mA +(0.4% + 2) +(0.2% + 2) 1.8 mV/mA
4000 mA 1 mA +(0.4% +2) | +(0.2% +2) 0.03 V/A
10.00A + 0.01A +(0.4% + 2) +(0.2% + 2) 0.03 V/A
HA
With film capacitor or better, using Relative mode to zero residual.
110A continuous, 20A for 30 seconds maximum.
+ Below a reading of 200 counts, add 10 digits.
38
SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications (cont)
FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY BURDEN VOLTAGE
Fluke 83 Fluke 85 (TYPICAL)
Te
HA 400.0 pA 01pA 1+(1.20+2)f | +(06%+2)? 100 uV/pA
(45 Hz to 2 kHz) 4000 pA 1 HA +(1.2% + 2) # | +(0.6% + 2) } 100 uV/uA
HA 400.0 pA 0.1 pA +(0.4% + 3) +(0.2% + 3) 100 uV/pA
4000 pA 1 HA +(0.4% +2) +(0.6% +2) 100 uV/uA
FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY
Frequency 199.99 0.01 Hz +(0.005% + 1)
(0.5 Hz to 200 kHz, | 1999.9 0.1 Hz +(0.005% + 1)
pulse width 19.999 kHz 0.001 kHz +(0.005% + 1)
>2 us) 199.99 kHz 0.01 kHz +(0.005% + 1)
> 200 kHz 0.1 kHz unspecified
¥ Below a reading of 200 counts, add 10 digits.
39
SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications (cont)
FREQUENCY COUNTER SENSITIVITY AND TRIGGER LEVEL
: : APPROXIMATE TRIGGER LEVEL
si pi (DC VOLTAGE FUNCTION)
- 10X Range or 5 Hz-20 kHz 0.5 Hz-200 kHz
1000V)
400 mV dc 70 mV (to 400 Hz) 70 mV (to 400 Hz) 40 mV
400 mV ac 150 mV 150 mV —
4V 0.3V 0.7V | 1.7V
40V 3V 7V (£140 kHz) AV
400V 30V 70V (<14.0 kHz) 40V
1000V 300V 700V (£1.4 kHz) 400V
Duty Cycle 0.1 to 99.9% (0.5 Hz to 200 kHz, pulse width >? ys)
Accuracy: Within +(0.05% per kHz + 0.1%) of full scale for a 5V logic family
input on the 4V dc range.
Within + ((0.06 x Voltage Range/ Input Voltage) X 100%) of full scale
for sine wave inputs on ac voltage ranges.
40
Specifications (cont)
SPECIFICATIONS
COMMON MODE
OVERLOAD INPUT NORMAL MODE
FUNCTION PROTECTION+t IMPEDANCE REJECTION RATIO REJECTION RATIO
(nominal) (1 КО unbalance)
Vv 1000V rms 10 MQ<100 pF >120 dB at de, >60 dB at
50 Hz or 60 Hz 50 Hz or 60 Hz
my 1000V rms 10 MQ<100 pF >120 dB at de, >60 dB at
50 Hz or 60 Hz 50 Hz or 60 Hz
М 1000V rms 10 MQ<100 pF >60 dB, de to 60 Hz
(ac-coupled)
O OPEN CIRCUIT FULL SCALE VOLTAGE SHORT CIRCUIT
TEST VOLTAGE CURRENT
To 4.0 MO 40 MQ or nS
1000V rms <1.3V ас <450 mV dc <1.3V dc <200 pA
Diode Test 1000V rms <3.9V de 3.000V dc 0.6 mA typical
TT 10 V Hz max
41
SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications (cont)
NOMINAL ACCURACY
RESPONSE (5% to 100% of range)
MIN MAX 100 ms to 80% specified accuracy +12 digits for changes >200 ms in duration
Recording (+40 digits in AC with beeper on)
1s same as specified accuracy for changes >2 seconds in duration
(40 digits in AC with beeper on)
A FUSE PROTECTION MAXIMUM VOLTAGE BETWEEN ANY
TERMINAL AND EARTH GROUND
mA or uA 44/100A, 1000V FAST Fuse
A 11A, 1000V FAST Fuse 1000V rms
42
SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications (cont)
Display
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Temperature Coefficient
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Relative Humidity
Battery Type
Battery Life
Shock, Vibration
Size (HxWxL)
With Holster and Flex-Stand:
Weight
With Holster and Flex-Stand:
Safety
Digital: 4000 counts, updates 4/sec
Analog: 43 segments, updates 40/sec
Frequency: 19,999 counts, updates 3/sec @ > 10 Hz
-20°C to 55°C
-40°C to 60°C
0.05 x (specified accuracy)/ °C (<18°C or >28°C)
In an RF field of 1 V/m on all ranges and functions except capacitance:
Total Accuracy = Specified Accuracy + 2.5 % of range.
Performance above 1 V/m is not specified.
0% to 90% (0°C to 35°C)
0% to 70% (35°C to 55°C)
9V, NEDA 1604 or 6F22 or 006P
500 hrs typical with alkaline
Per MIL-T-28800 for a Class 2 instrument
1.25 in x 3.41 in x 7.35 in (3.1 cm x 8.6 cm x 18.6 cm)
2.06 in x 3.86 in x 7.93 in (5.2 cm x 9.8 cm x 20.1 cm)
12.5 oz (3559)
22.0 oz (6249)
Designed to comply with IEC 1010-1 as a 1000V, CAT Ill instrument (see pg.2 for
definition of CAT III). UL listed to UL3111, TUV licensed to EN 61010-1,
CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1:1992
43
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