Cisco IOS XE 3S Configuration Guide
Below you will find brief information for IOS XE Release 3S VPDN. This guide assists in configuring and managing virtual private dial-up networks (VPDNs), enabling secure remote access to private networks over a shared infrastructure. It covers AAA configuration, NAS-initiated tunneling, multihop VPDN, tunnel management, and additional features for L2TP and L2TPv3.
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VPDN Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S
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C O N T E N T S
C H A P T E R 1
C H A P T E R 2
Client-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 4
NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 5
VPDN Tunneling to an MMP Stack Group 6
VPDN Group Configuration Modes 12
Feature Information for VPDN Technology Overview 14
Finding Feature Information 17
Prerequisites for Configuring AAA for VPDNs 17
Information About AAA for VPDNs 18
VPDN Tunnel Authorization Search Order 18
VPDN Tunnel Lookup Based on Domain Name 18
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VPDN Tunnel Lookup Based on DNIS Information 18
VPDN Tunnel Lookup Based on Both Domain Name and DNIS Information 18
VPDN Tunnel Lookup Based on the Multihop Hostname 19
VPDN Authorization for Directed Request Users 19
Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping 19
RADIUS Tunnel Accounting for L2TP VPDNs 20
VPDN-Specific Remote RADIUS AAA Server Configurations 21
L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information 21
Benefits of LNS Address Checking 24
LNS Address Checking Using a RADIUS Server 24
Debugging Dropped Control Packets 25
Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling 25
How to Configure AAA for VPDNs 25
Enabling VPDN on the NAS and the Tunnel Server 25
Configuring the VPDN Tunnel Authorization Search Order 26
Configuring per-User VPDN on the NAS 27
Configuring Global per-User VPDN 27
Configuring per-User VPDN for a VPDN Group 28
Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server 30
Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs 31
Configuring the NAS for Remote AAA for Dial-In VPDNs 32
Configuring the Tunnel Terminator for Remote RADIUS AAA for L2TP Tunnels 34
Verifying and Troubleshooting Remote AAA Configurations 37
Verifying that the VPDN Tunnel Is Up 37
Verifying the Remote RADIUS AAA Server Configuration 37
Verifying the Remote TACACS+ AAA Server Configuration on the NAS 38
Verifying the Remote TACACS+ AAA Server Configuration on the Tunnel Server 41
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Verifying L2TP Tunnel Establishment PPP Negotiations and Authentication with the
Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users 45
Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users on the Tunnel Server 45
Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users on the NAS 47
Configuring Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping 48
Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication 51
Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication Using the Hostname 52
Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication Using the Local Name 53
Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication Using the L2TP Tunnel Password 54
Disabling VPDN Tunnel Authentication for L2TP Tunnels 56
Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting for L2TP VPDNs 57
Configuring Authentication of L2TP Tunnels at the Tunnel Terminator Remote RADIUS AAA
Configuring Tunnel Assignments on the NAS Remote RADIUS AAA Server 60
Configuring Secure Tunnel Authentication Names on the NAS Remote RADIUS AAA
Configuring L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information 62
Configuring L2TP Forwarding of the PPPoE Tagging Information 62
Overriding L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tag Information 63
Overriding nas-port VSA with circuit-id 64
Overriding calling-station-id VSA with remote-id 64
Removing L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tag Information 65
Displaying the Session Activity Log 66
Configuring L2TP Override Forwarding rx-speed and tx-speed Values Received from
Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values When the RADIUS Server Is Not Used 68
Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values on the RADIUS Server 70
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C H A P T E R 3
Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values from ANCP on the RADIUS Server 70
Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values from RAM-min on the RADIUS Server 72
Configuring LNS Address Checking 74
Configuring Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling 76
Identifying an LNS in a Dead-Cache State 76
Clearing an LNS in a Dead-Cache State 76
Generating an SNMP Event for a Dead-Cache Entry 77
Generating a Syslog Event for a Dead-Cache Entry 78
Configuration Examples for AAA for VPDNs 80
Examples Configuring the VPDN Tunnel Authorization Search Order 80
Examples Configuring per-User VPDN on the NAS 80
Examples Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server 80
Examples Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs on the L2TP Tunnel Terminator 81
Examples Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users 82
Examples Configuring Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping 82
Examples Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication 83
Example Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting on a NAS 84
Example Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting on a Tunnel Server 85
Example Configuring Tunnel Assignments on the NAS RADIUS AAA Server 87
Examples Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values 87
Example Configuring Secure Authentication Names 88
Examples Configuring LNS Address Checking 88
Examples Configuring Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling 89
Feature Information for AAA for VPDNs 92
Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 95
Finding Feature Information 95
Prerequisites for Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 96
Restrictions for Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 96
Information About NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 96
NAS-Initiated Dial-in VPDN Tunneling 96
L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression 97
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C H A P T E R 4
How to Configure NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 98
Configuring the NAS to Request Dial-In VPDN Tunnels 98
Configuring the Tunnel Server to Accept Dial-In VPDN Tunnels 101
Configuring the Virtual Template on the Tunnel Server 103
Verifying a NAS-Initiated VPDN Configuration 104
Verifying and Troubleshooting Tunnel Establishment Between the NAS and the Tunnel
Verifying the Connection Between the Client and the NAS 106
Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression 108
Prerequisites for Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression 108
Configuring Global L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression on the NAS 109
Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression for a VPDN Group on the NAS 110
Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression on the NAS Remote RADIUS
Configuration Examples for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 112
Example Configuring the NAS for Dial-In VPDNs 112
Example Configuring the Tunnel Server for Dial-in VPDNs 113
Example L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression with Local Authorization 113
Example L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression with RADIUS Authorization 115
Feature Information for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling 118
Finding Feature Information 121
Prerequisites for Multihop VPDN 122
Restrictions for Multihop VPDN 122
Information About Multihop VPDN 122
Tunnel Switching Using Multihop VPDN 122
How to Configure Multihop VPDN 123
Configuring a Multihop Tunnel Switch 123
Prerequisites for Configuring a Multihop Tunnel Switch 123
Enabling Multihop VPDN on the Tunnel Switch 123
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Configuring the Multihop Tunnel Switch to Terminate Incoming VPDN Tunnels 124
Configuring the Multihop Tunnel Switch to Initiate Outgoing VPDN Tunnels 126
Configuration Examples for Multihop VPDN 128
Example Configuring Multihop VPDN Tunnel Switching 128
Feature Information for Multihop VPDN 131
Configuring Additional VPDN Features 133
Finding Feature Information 133
Information About Configuring Additional VPDN Features 134
VPN Routing Forwarding (VRF) Framed Route (Pool) Assignment via PPP 134
MTU Tuning for L2TP VPDN Tunnels 135
MTU Tuning Using IP MTU Adjustments 135
MTU Tuning Using Path MTU Discovery 136
MTU Tuning Using TCP MSS Advertising 136
MTU Tuning Using PPP MRU Advertising 136
QoS Classification Preservation 138
IP Precedence for VPDN Tunnels 138
ToS Classification for VPDN Tunnels 138
Benefits of VPDN Group Selection 138
How to Configure Additional VPDN Features 139
Associating a VPDN Group with a VPDN Template 140
Disassociating a VPDN Group from the VPDN Template 141
Configuring the VPDN Source IP Address 142
Configuring the Global VPDN Source IP Address 142
Configuring the Source IP Address for a VPDN Group 143
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Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling 144
Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling Locally 144
Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling on the Remote RADIUS AAA Server 145
Performing MTU Tuning for L2TP VPDNs 147
Manually Configuring the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments 147
Enabling Automatic Adjustment of the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments 148
Enabling Path MTU Discovery for VPDNs 149
Manually Configuring the Advertised TCP MSS 151
Configuring MRU Advertising 152
Configuring VPDN Group Selection 154
Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on a Hostname 154
Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on a Source IP Address 156
Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on VRF 157
Displaying VPDN Group Selections 159
Configuring QoS Packet Classifications for VPDNs 159
Configuring Preservation of QoS Classifications in the ToS Byte 160
Manually Configuring the IP Precedence for VPDNs 161
Manually Configuring the ToS for VPDN Sessions 162
Configuration Examples for Additional VPDN Features 163
Example Configuring a Global VPDN Template 163
Example Configuring a Named VPDN Template 163
Example Disassociating a VPDN Group from the VPDN Template 164
Example Configuring a Global VPDN Source IP Address 164
Example Configuring a Source IP Address for a VPDN Group 164
Example Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels Locally 164
Examples Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels on the Remote RADIUS AAA Server 165
Example Manually Configuring the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments 166
Example Enabling Automatic Adjustment of the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments 166
Example Manually Configuring the Advertised TCP MSS 166
Example Configuring MRU Advertising 166
Example Configuring Preservation of QoS Classifications in the ToS Byte 167
Example Manually Configuring the IP Precedence for VPDNs 167
Example Manually Configuring the ToS for VPDN Sessions 167
Configuration Examples for VPDN Group Selection 167
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on Hostname 167
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Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on an IP Address 167
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on VRF 168
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on a Hostname and IP
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on Hostname and VRF 168
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on an IP Address and VRF 169
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on Hostname VRF and IP
Examples Displaying VPDN Group Selection 170
Examples Displaying VPDN Group-Select Summaries 171
Feature Information for Additional VPDN Features 173
Finding Feature Information 175
Prerequisites for VPDN Tunnel Management 175
Restrictions for VPDN Tunnel Management 176
Information About VPDN Tunnel Management 176
Termination of VPDN Tunnels 176
Control Packet Parameters for VPDN Tunnels 176
How L2TP Congestion Avoidance Works 177
How to Manage VPDN Tunnels 178
Manually Terminating VPDN Tunnels 178
Enabling Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels 179
Verifying the Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels 180
Limiting the Number of Allowed Simultaneous VPDN Sessions 182
Configuring Global VPDN Session Limits 182
Configuring VPDN Session Limits in a VPDN Template 183
Configuring Session Limits for a VPDN Group 184
Verifying VPDN Session Limits 185
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C H A P T E R 7
Configuring L2TP Control Packet Parameters for VPDN Tunnels 186
Configuring L2TP Congestion Avoidance 190
Configuring VPDN Failure Event Logging 191
Enabling Generic VPDN Event Logging 193
Configuration Examples for VPDN Tunnel Management 194
Examples Manually Terminating VPDN Tunnels 194
Example Enabling Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels 194
Examples Configuring VPDN Session Limits 194
Example Verifying Session Limits for a VPDN Group 195
Example Configuring L2TP Control Packet Timers and Retry Counters for VPDN Tunnels 195
Example Configuring Verifying and Debugging L2TP Congestion Avoidance 196
Example Configuring VPDN Failure Event Logging 197
Examples Configuring Generic VPDN Event Logging 198
Feature Information for VPDN Tunnel Management 199
Configuring L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS 203
Finding Feature Information 203
Prerequisites for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS 203
Restrictions for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS 204
Information About L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS 204
ISSU Software Superpackage and Rolling Upgrade Requirements 205
Software Upgrades and Downgrades 205
Adjusting Receive Window Size 206
How to Configure L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS 206
Configuring SSO on a Route Processor 206
Configuring Global L2TP HA SSO Mode 207
Configuring VPDN Groups or VPDN Templates for L2TP HA SSO 208
Controlling Packet Resynchronization for L2TP HA 210
Verifying the Checkpoint Status of L2TP HA Sessions 212
Verifying the Checkpoint Status of VPDN Sessions 213
Troubleshooting L2TP or VPDN Redundancy Sessions 214
Configuring L2TP HA SSO ISSU on a RADIUS Server 215
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C H A P T E R 8
C H A P T E R 9
Configuration Examples for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS 215
Example Configuring SSO on a Route Processor 215
Example Configuring L2TP High Availability 216
Examples Displaying L2TP Checkpoint Status 216
Example Displaying L2TP Redundancy Information 216
Example Displaying L2TP Redundancy Detail Information 216
Example Displaying All L2TP Redundancy Information 216
Example Displaying L2TP Redundancy ID Information 217
Example Displaying L2TP Redundancy Detail ID Information 217
Feature Information for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS 218
L2TP Disconnect Cause Information 221
Finding Feature Information 221
Restrictions for L2TP Disconnect Cause Information 221
Information About L2TP Disconnect Cause Information 222
How L2TP Disconnect Cause Information Works 222
Benefits of L2TP Disconnect Cause Information 222
L2TP Disconnect Cause Information Codes 222
Feature Information for L2TP Disconnect Cause Information 225
Configuring the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server 227
Finding Feature Information 227
Prerequisites for Configuring the Managed IPv6 LNS 227
Information About Configuring the Managed IPv6 LNS 228
How to Configure the Managed LNS 230
Configuring a VRF on the LNS 230
Configuring a Virtual Template Interface 232
Assigning a VRF via the RADIUS Server 234
Configuring the LNS to Initiate and Receive L2TP Traffic 236
Limiting the Number of Sessions per Tunnel 238
Configuring RADIUS Attribute Accept or Reject Lists 240
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Configuring AAA Accounting Using Named Method Lists 242
Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Authentication Method Lists on the LNS 244
Configuring the LNS for RADIUS Tunnel Authentication 245
Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Authentication Method Lists on the LNS 245
Configuring AAA Authentication Methods 248
Configuration Examples for the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server 248
Example Managed IPv6 LNS Configuration 248
Example LNS Tunnel Accounting Configuration 252
Example Verifying the User Profile on the RADIUS Server 253
Feature Information for Configuring Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server 255
ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 257
Finding Feature Information 257
Prerequisites for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 258
Restrictions for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 258
Information About ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 258
Deployment Model for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 258
How to Configure ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 259
Configuring an L2TP Access Concentrator 259
Configuring a Dialer for an ISDN PRI Interface 264
Configuring a Dialer Interface by Enabling PPP Authentication 266
Verifying ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 268
Configuration Examples for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 269
Example: Configuring an L2TP Access Concentrator 269
Example: Configuring a PRI Group 269
Example: Configuring a Dialer for an ISDN PRI Interface 270
Example: Configuring a Dialer Interface by Enabling PPP Authentication 270
Feature Information for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation 271
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C H A P T E R
1
VPDN Technology Overview
Virtual private dial-up networks (VPDNs) securely carry private data over a public network, allowing remote users to access a private network over a shared infrastructure such as the Internet. VPDNs maintain the same security and management policies as a private network, while providing a cost-effective method for point-to-point connections between remote users and a central network.
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Finding Feature Information, page 1
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Information About VPDNs, page 1
•
•
Additional References, page 13
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Feature Information for VPDN Technology Overview, page 14
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Information About VPDNs
Overview of VPDN Technology
VPDNs extend private network dial-in services to remote users. VPDNs use Layer 2 tunneling technologies to create virtual point-to-point connections between remote clients and a private network. VPDNs maintain the same security and management policies as a private network, while providing a cost-effective method for point-to-point connections between remote users and a central network.
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VPDN Technology Overview
Overview of VPDN Technology
Instead of connecting directly to the remote private network, VPDN users connect to a nearby access server, which is often located at an Internet service provider (ISP) local point of presence (POP). Data is securely forwarded from the access server to the private network over the Internet, providing a cost-effective method of communication between remote clients and the private network.
A benefit of VPDNs is the way they delegate responsibilities for the network. The customer can outsource responsibility for the information technology (IT) infrastructure to an ISP that maintains the modems that the remote users dial in to, the access servers, and the internetworking expertise. The customer is then responsible only for authenticating users and maintaining the private network.
The figure below shows a basic VPDN network deployment.
Figure 1: Basic VPDN Network Deployment
A PPP client dials in to an ISP access server, called the Network Access Server (NAS). The NAS determines whether it should forward that PPP session on to the router or access server that serves as the point of contact for the private network, the tunnel server. The tunnel server authenticates the user and initiates PPP negotiations.
Once PPP setup is complete, all frames that are sent between the client and the tunnel server pass through the
NAS.
VPDNs can use these tunneling protocols to tunnel link-level frames:
• Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
• Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)
• Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F)
• Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
Note PPTP is not supported on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series routers.
Using one of these protocols, a tunnel is established between the NAS or client and the tunnel server, providing secure data transport over a shared infrastructure such as the Internet.
Note VPDNs on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers can use only the Layer 2 Tunneling
Protocol (L2TP) or the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) to tunnel link-level frames.
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VPDN Technology Overview
VPDN Terminology
VPDN Terminology
VPDN Hardware Devices
Generally three devices are involved in VPDN tunneling. Two of these devices function as tunnel endpoints--one device initiates the VPDN tunnel, and the other device terminates the VPDN tunnel. Depending on the tunneling architecture, different types of devices can act as the local tunnel endpoint.
As new tunneling protocols have been developed for VPDNs, protocol-specific terminology has been created to describe some of the devices that participate in VPDN tunneling. However, these devices perform the same basic functions no matter what tunneling protocol is being used. For the sake of clarity we will use this generic terminology to refer to VPDN devices throughout this documentation:
• Client--The client device can be the PC of a dial-in user, or a router attached to a local network. In client-initiated VPDN tunneling scenarios, the client device acts as a tunnel endpoint.
• NAS--The network access server (NAS) is typically a device maintained by an ISP that provides VPDN services for its customers. The NAS is the local point of contact for the client device. Establishing a connection between the NAS and the client will referred to as receiving a calll or placing a calll , depending on whether a dial-in or dial-out scenario is being discussed. Depending on the tunneling architecture, the NAS functions as follows:
• For NAS-initiated VPDN tunneling scenarios and dial-out VPDN tunneling scenarios, the NAS functions as a tunnel endpoint. The NAS initiates dial-in VPDN tunnels and terminates dial-out
VPDN tunnels. The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers support dial-in only.
• For client-initiated VPDN tunneling scenarios, the NAS does not function as a a tunnel endpoint; it simply provides Internet connectivity.
• Tunnel server--The tunnel server is typically maintained by the customer and is the contact point for the remote private network. The tunnel server terminates dial-in VPDN tunnels and initiates dial-out VPDN tunnels.
• Tunnel server--The tunnel server is typically maintained by the customer and is the contact point for the remote private network. The tunnel server terminates dial-in VPDN tunnels and initiates dial-out VPDN tunnels.
• Tunnel switch--A tunnel switch is a device configured to perform multihop VPDN tunneling. A tunnel switch acts as both a NAS and a tunnel server. The tunnel switch terminates incoming VPDN tunnels and initiates the outgoing VPDN tunnels that will carry data on to the next hop.
Although technically a tunnel switch is a tunnel endpoint for both the incoming tunnel and the outgoing tunnel, for the sake of simplicity the tunnel endpoints in a multihop deployment are considered to be the device that initiates the first tunnel and the device that terminates the final tunnel of the multihop path.
The table below lists the generic terms and the corresponding technology-specific terms that are sometimes used to describe the NAS and the tunnel server.
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VPDN Technology Overview
VPDN Architectures
Table 1: VPDN Hardware Terminology
Generic Term
NAS
L2F Term
NAS
Tunnel server Home gateway
L2TP Term PPTP Term
L2TP access concentrator
(LAC)
PPTP access concentrator
(PAC)
L2TP network server
(LNS)
PPTP network server
(PNS)
Note The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers support only L2TP.
VPDN Tunnels
A VPDN tunnel exists between the two tunnel endpoints. The tunnel consists of a control connection and zero or more Layer 2 sessions. The tunnel carries encapsulated PPP datagrams and control messages between the tunnel endpoints. Multiple VPDN sessions can use the same VPDN tunnel.
VPDN Sessions
A VPDN session is created between the tunnel endpoints when an end-to-end PPP connection is established between a client and the tunnel server. Datagrams related to the PPP connection are sent over the tunnel. There is a one-to-one relationship between an established session and the associated call. Multiple VPDN sessions can use the same VPDN tunnel.
VPDN Architectures
Client-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Client-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling is also known as voluntary tunneling. In a client-initiated dial-in
VPDN tunneling scenario, the client device initiates a Layer 2 tunnel to the tunnel server, and the NAS does not participate in tunnel negotiation or establishment. In this scenario, the NAS is not a tunnel endpoint; it simply provides Internet connectivity. The client device must be configured to initiate the tunnel.
The main advantage of client-initiated VPDN tunneling is that it secures the connection between the client and the ISP NAS. However, client-initiated VPDNs are not as scalable and are more complex than NAS-initiated
VPDNs.
Client-initiated VPDN tunneling can use the L2TP protocol or the L2TPv3 protocol if the client device is a router. If the client device is a PC, only the PPTP protocol is supported.
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VPDN Technology Overview
The figure below shows a client-initiated VPDN tunneling scenario.
Figure 2: Client-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Scenario
VPDN Architectures
For further information about client-initiated tunneling deployments, see the “ Configuring Client-Initiated
Dial-In VPDN Tunneling ” module.
Before configuring a client-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling deployment, you must complete the required tasks in the “ Configuring AAA for VPDNs ” module.
NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
NAS-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling is also known as compulsory tunneling. In a NAS-initiated dial-in
VPDN tunneling scenario, the client dials in to the NAS through a medium that supports PPP. If the connection from the client to the ISP NAS is over a medium that is considered secure, such as digital subscriber line
(DSL), ISDN, or the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the client can choose not to provide additional security. The PPP session is securely tunneled from the NAS to the tunnel server without any special knowledge or interaction required from the client.
NAS-initiated VPDN tunneling can be configured with the L2TP or L2F protocol.
Note The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers support only L2TP.
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VPDN Architectures
The figure below shows a NAS-initiated dial-in tunneling scenario.
Figure 3: NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Scenario
VPDN Technology Overview
For further information about NAS-initiated tunneling deployments, see the Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In
VPDN Tunneling module.
Before configuring a NAS-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling deployment, you must complete the required tasks in the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
Multihop VPDN Tunneling
Multihop VPDN is a specialized VPDN configuration that allows packets to pass through multiple tunnels.
Ordinarily, packets are not allowed to pass through more than one tunnel. In a multihop tunneling deployment, the VPDN tunnel is terminated after each hop and a new tunnel is initiated to the next hop destination. A maximum of four hops is supported.
Multihop VPDN is required for the scenarios described in these sections:
VPDN Tunneling to an MMP Stack Group
Multihop VPDN is required when the private network uses Mutlichassis Multilink PPP (MMP) with multiple tunnel servers in a stack group. Stack group configurations require the ability to establish Layer 2 tunnels between participating hardware devices. If the incoming data is delivered to the stack group over a VPDN tunnel, multihop VPDN is required for the stack group to function.
Multihop VPDN tunneling with MMP can be configured using the L2TP or L2F protocol.
Note The Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Services Routers support only L2TP.
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VPDN Architectures
The figure below shows a network scenario using a multihop VPDN with an MMP deployment.
Figure 4: MMP Using Multihop VPDN
For further information about configuring multihop VPDN for MMP deployments, see the Configuring
Multihop VPDN module.
Before configuring a multihop VPDN for MMP deployment, you must configure MMP and you must complete the required tasks in the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
Tunnel Switching VPDNs
Multihop VPDN can be used to configure a router as a tunnel switch. A tunnel switch is a device that is configured as both a NAS and a tunnel server. A tunnel switch is able to receive packets from an incoming
VPDN tunnel and send them out over an outgoing VPDN tunnel. Tunnel switch configurations can be used between ISPs to provide wholesale VPDN services.
Multihop tunnel switching can be configured using the L2TP, L2F, or PPTP protocol.
Note The Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Services Routers support only L2TP.
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VPDN Tunneling Protocols
The figure below shows a network scenario using a tunnel switching deployment.
Figure 5: Tunnel Switching Using Multihop VPDN
VPDN Technology Overview
For further information about multihop tunnel switching deployments, see the Configuring Multihop VPDN module.
Before configuring a multihop tunnel switching deployment, you must complete the required tasks in the
Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
VPDN Tunneling Protocols
VPDNs use Layer 2 protocols to tunnel the link layer of high-level protocols (for example, PPP frames or asynchronous High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC). ISPs configure their NAS to receive calls from users and to forward the calls to the customer tunnel server.
Usually, the ISP maintains only information about the customer tunnel server. The customer maintains the users' IP addresses, routing, and other user database functions. Administration between the ISP and the tunnel server is reduced to IP connectivity.
This section contains information on L2TP and L2TPv3, which are the only protocols that can be used for
VPDN tunneling on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers.
L2TP
L2TP is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard that combines the best features of the two older tunneling protocols: Cisco L2F and Microsoft PPTP.
L2TP offers the same full-range spectrum of features as L2F, but offers additional functionality. An
L2TP-capable tunnel server will work with an existing L2F NAS and will concurrently support upgraded components running L2TP. Tunnel servers do not require reconfiguration each time an individual NAS is upgraded from L2F to L2TP. The table below compares L2F and L2TP feature components.
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VPDN Tunneling Protocols
Table 2: L2F and L2TP Feature Comparison
Function
Flow Control
L2F
No
Attribute-value (AV) pair hiding No
Tunnel server load sharing Yes
Tunnel server stacking/multihop support
Yes
Tunnel server primary and secondary backup
Yes
L2TP
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Domain Name System (DNS) name support
Domain name flexibility
Idle and absolute timeout
Yes
Multilink PPP support Yes
Multichassis Multilink PPP support Yes
Security
Yes
Yes
• All security benefits of PPP, including multiple per-user authentication options:
• Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol
(CHAP)
• Microsoft CHAP
(MS-CHAP)
• Password
Authentication Protocol
(PAP)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
• All security benefits of PPP, including multiple per-user authentication options:
• CHAP
• MS-CHAP
• PAP
• Tunnel authentication optional
• Tunnel authentication mandatory
Traditional dialup networking services support only registered IP addresses, which limits the types of applications that are implemented over VPDNs. L2TP supports multiple protocols and unregistered and privately administered IP addresses. This allows the existing access infrastructure--such as the Internet, modems, access servers, and ISDN terminal adapters (TAs)--to be used. It also allows customers to outsource
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VPDN Technology Overview
VPDN Tunneling Protocols dial-out support, thus reducing overhead for hardware maintenance costs and 800 number fees, and allows them to concentrate corporate gateway resources.
The figure below shows the basic L2TP architecture in a typical dial-in environment.
Figure 6: L2TP Architecture
Using L2TP tunneling, an ISP or other access service can create a virtual tunnel to link remote sites or remote users with corporate home networks. The NAS located at the POP of the ISP exchanges PPP messages with remote users and communicates by way of L2TP requests and responses with the private network tunnel server to set up tunnels. L2TP passes protocol-level packets through the virtual tunnel between endpoints of a point-to-point connection. Frames from remote users are accepted by the ISP NAS, stripped of any linked framing or transparency bytes, encapsulated in L2TP, and forwarded over the appropriate tunnel. The private network tunnel server accepts these L2TP frames, strips the L2TP encapsulation, and processes the incoming frames for the appropriate interface.
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VPDN Tunneling Protocols
The figure below depicts the events that occur during establishment of a NAS-initiated dial-in L2TP connection.
Figure 7: L2TP Protocol Negotiation Events
The following describes the sequence of events shown in the figure above and is keyed to the figure:
1 The remote user initiates a PPP connection to the ISP NAS using a medium that supports PPP such as the analog telephone system. The NAS accepts the connection, the PPP link is established, and Link Control
Protocol (LCP) is negotiated.
2 After the end user and NAS negotiate LCP, the NAS partially authenticates the end user with CHAP or
PAP. The username, domain name, or Dialed Number Information Service (DNIS) is used to determine whether the user is a VPDN client. If the user is not a VPDN client, authentication continues, and the client will access the Internet or other contacted service. If the username is a VPDN client, the mapping will name a specific endpoint (the tunnel server).
3 The tunnel endpoints, the NAS and the tunnel server, authenticate each other before any tunnel or session establishment is attempted. Alternatively, the tunnel server can accept tunnel creation without any tunnel authentication of the NAS. The NAS and the tunnel server exchange control messages to negotiate tunnel establishment.
4 Once the tunnel exists, an L2TP session is created for the end user. The NAS and the tunnel server exchange call messages to negotiate session establishment.
5 The NAS will propagate the negotiated LCP options and the partially authenticated CHAP or PAP information to the tunnel server. The tunnel server will funnel the negotiated options and authentication information directly to the virtual access interface, allowing authentication to be completed. If the options configured in the virtual template interface do not match the options negotiated with the NAS, the connection will fail and a disconnect notification will be sent to the NAS.
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VPDN Technology Overview
VPDN Group Configuration Modes
6 PPP packets are exchanged between the dial-in client and the remote tunnel server as if no intermediary device (the NAS) is involved.
Subsequent PPP incoming sessions (designated for the same tunnel server) do not repeat the L2TP tunnel negotiation because the L2TP tunnel is already open.
L2TPv3
L2TPv3 is an enhanced version of L2TP with the capability to tunnel any Layer 2 payload. L2TPv3 defines the L2TP protocol for tunneling Layer 2 payloads over an IP core network using Layer 2 Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs).
In VPDN deployments, L2TPv3 can be used to establish a client-initiated tunnel from a local router to the remote customer network over an emulated circuit known as a pseudowire. There is one pseudowire associated with each L2TPv3 session.
Rather than using a VPDN group configuration, L2TPv3 uses an L2TP class configuration that is associated with the pseudowire. L2TPv3 pseudowires can also be used to establish L2TP tunnels by configuring an L2TP class on the local device and an accept-dialin VPDN group on the customer network.
For detailed information about the L2TPv3 protocol, see the Additional References section.
VPDN Group Configuration Modes
Many VPDN configuration tasks are performed within a VPDN group. A VPDN group can be configured to function either as a NAS VPDN group or as a tunnel server VPDN group, but not as both. However, an individual router can be configured with both a NAS VPDN group and a tunnel server VPDN group.
You can configure a VPDN group as a specific type of VPDN group by issuing at least one of the commands listed in the table below:
Table 3: VPDN Subgroup Configuration Modes
VPDN Group Type tunnel server
NAS
Command accept-dialin request-dialin
Command Mode
VPDN accept-dialin configuration
VPDN request-dialin configuration
Command Mode Prompt
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)#
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)#
Many of the commands required to properly configure VPDN tunneling are issued in one of the VPDN subgroup configuration modes shown in the table below. Removing the VPDN subgroup command configuration will remove all subordinate VPDN subgroup configuration commands as well.
Where to Go Next
Once you have identified the VPDN architecture that you want to configure and the tunneling protocol that you will use, you should perform the required tasks in the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
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VPDN Technology Overview
Additional References
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
VPDN commands
Technical support documentation for L2TP
Technical support documentation for VPDNs
Information on L2TPv3
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol (L2TP)
Virtual Private Dial-Up Network (VPDN)
L2TPv3: Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Version 3 module
Standards
Standard Title
No new or modified standards are supported, and support for existing standards has not been modified.
--
MIBs
MIB
• CISCO-VPDN-MGMT-MIB
• CISCO-VPDN-MGMT-EXT-MIB
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFC
RFC 2661
RFC 3931
Title
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol L2TP
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)
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VPDN Technology Overview
Feature Information for VPDN Technology Overview
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for VPDN Technology Overview
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 4: Feature Information for VPDN Technology Overview
Feature Name Releases
L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Cisco IOS XE Release 3.3S
Feature Information
This feature was introduced on
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers.
VPDNs use Layer 2 protocols to tunnel the link layer of high-level protocols (for example, PPP frames or asynchronous HDLC). L2TP is an IETF standard that combines the best features of the two older tunneling protocols: Cisco L2F and
Microsoft PPTP.
No commands were introduced or modified by this feature.
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Feature Information for VPDN Technology Overview
Feature Name
Virtual Private Dial-up Network
(VPDN)
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Feature Information
This feature was introduced on
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers.
VPDNs securely carry private data over a public network, allowing remote users to access a private network over a shared infrastructure such as the Internet.
VPDNs maintain the same security and management policies as a private network, while providing a cost-effective method for point-to-point connections between remote users and a central network.
No commands were introduced or modified by this feature.
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Feature Information for VPDN Technology Overview
VPDN Technology Overview
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C H A P T E R
2
Configuring AAA for VPDNs
This module describes how to configure authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for virtual private dialup networks (VPDNs).
•
Finding Feature Information, page 17
•
Prerequisites for Configuring AAA for VPDNs, page 17
•
Information About AAA for VPDNs, page 18
•
How to Configure AAA for VPDNs, page 25
•
Configuration Examples for AAA for VPDNs, page 80
•
•
Additional References, page 90
•
Feature Information for AAA for VPDNs, page 92
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Prerequisites for Configuring AAA for VPDNs
• Before configuring AAA for VPDNs, you should understand the concepts in the VPDN Technology
Overview module.
• You must identify the VPDN architecture you plan to implement.
• You must identify the tunneling protocol you will use.
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Information About AAA for VPDNs
• If you plan to configure remote AAA, you should understand the concepts in the Authentication,
Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) module and Security Server Protocols module.
• If you plan to configure Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Forwarding of Point-to-Point Protocol over
Ethernet (PPPoE) Tagging Information, it is recommended that you be familiar with RFC 2516 and DSL
Forum TR-101 before configuring this feature.
Information About AAA for VPDNs
VPDN Tunnel Authorization Search Order
When a call to a network access server (NAS) is to be tunneled to a tunnel server, the NAS must identify which tunnel server to forward the call to. The router can authorize users and select the outgoing tunnel based on the domain portion of the username, the Dialed Number Identification Service (DNIS) number, the multihop hostname, or any combination of these three parameters in a specified order. The default search order for
VPDN tunnel authorization is to first search by DNIS, then by domain.
These sections contain information on VPDN tunnel lookup criteria:
VPDN Tunnel Lookup Based on Domain Name
When a NAS is configured to forward VPDN calls on the basis of the user domain name, the user must use a username of the form username@domain . The NAS then compares the user domain name to the domain names it is configured to search for. When the NAS finds a match, it forwards the user call to the proper tunnel server.
VPDN Tunnel Lookup Based on DNIS Information
When a NAS is configured to forward VPDN calls on the basis of the user DNIS information, the NAS identifies the user DNIS information, which is provided on ISDN lines, and then forwards the call to the proper tunnel server.
The ability to select a tunnel on the basis of DNIS information provides additional flexibility to network service providers that offer VPDN services and to the companies that use the services. Instead of using only the domain name for tunnel selection, the NAS can use dialed number information for tunnel selection.
With this feature, a company--which might have only one domain name--can provide multiple specific phone numbers for users to dial in to the NAS at the service provider point of presence (POP). The service provider can select the tunnel to the appropriate services or portion of the company network on the basis of the dialed number.
VPDN Tunnel Lookup Based on Both Domain Name and DNIS Information
When a service provider has multiple AAA servers configured, VPDN tunnel authorization searches based on domain name can be time consuming and might cause the client session to time out.
To provide more flexibility, service providers can configure the NAS to perform tunnel authorization searches by domain name only, by DNIS only, or by both in a specified order.
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Per-User VPDN AAA
VPDN Tunnel Lookup Based on the Multihop Hostname
If a device will function as a multihop tunnel switch, tunnel authorization searches can be performed based on the multihop hostname. Configuring a multihop hostname on a tunnel switch allows authorization searches to be based on the identity of the peer device that initiated the tunnel. The multihop hostname can be the hostname of the remote peer that initiated the ingress tunnel, or the tunnel ID associated with the ingress tunnel.
A multihop tunnel switch can be configured to perform authorization searches by multihop hostname only, by domain name only, by DNIS only, or by any combination of these searches in a specified order.
Per-User VPDN AAA
If remote AAA is used for VPDN, the NAS that receives the call from a user forwards information about that user to its remote AAA server. With basic VPDN, the NAS sends the user domain name when performing authentication based on domain name or the telephone number the user dialed in from when performing authentication based on DNIS.
When per-user VPDN is configured, the entire structured username is sent to a RADIUS AAA server the first time the router contacts the AAA server. This enables the software to customize tunnel attributes for individual users that use a common domain name or DNIS.
Without VPDN per-user configuration, the software sends only the domain name or DNIS to determine VPDN tunnel attribute information. Then, if no VPDN tunnel attributes are returned, the software sends the entire username string.
VPDN Authorization for Directed Request Users
Directed requests allow users logging in to a NAS to select a RADIUS server for authorization. With directed requests enabled, only the portion of the username before the “ @ ” symbol is sent to the host specified after the “ @ ” symbol. Using directed requests, authorization requests can be directed to any of the configured servers, and only the username is sent to the specified server.
Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping
When a user connects to a NAS configured to use a remote server for AAA, the NAS forwards the username to the remote AAA server. Some RADIUS or TACACS+ servers require the username to be in a particular format, which might be different from the format of the full username. For example, the remote AAA server might require the username to be in the format [email protected], but the full username could be prefix/[email protected]@suffix. Configuring domain name stripping allows the NAS to strip incompatible portions from the full username before forwarding the reformatted username to the remote AAA server.
The NAS can be configured to perform in these ways:
• Strip generic suffixes from the full username using the suffix delimiter character @. Any portion of the full username that follows the first delimiter that is parsed will be stripped.
• Use a different character or set of characters as the suffix delimiter.
• Strip both suffixes and prefixes from the full username. The NAS can also be configured to strip only specified suffixes instead of performing generic suffix stripping.
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
VPDN Tunnel Authentication
VPDN Tunnel Authentication
VPDN tunnel authentication enables routers to authenticate the other tunnel endpoint before establishing a
VPDN tunnel. VPDN tunnel authentication is optional for L2TP tunnels.
For additional information on configuring VPDN tunnel authentication for client-initiated VPDN tunneling deployments, see the "Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication" section.
VPDN tunnel authentication can be performed in these ways:
• Using local AAA on both the NAS and the tunnel server
• Using a remote RADIUS AAA server on the NAS and local AAA on the tunnel server
• Using a remote TACACS+ AAA server on the NAS and local AAA on the tunnel server
For L2TP tunnels only, a remote RADIUS AAA server can be used to perform VPDN tunnel authentication on the VPDN tunnel terminator as follows:
• Using a remote RADIUS AAA server on the tunnel server for dial-in VPDNs
• Using a remote RADIUS AAA server on the NAS for dial-out VPDNs
For detailed information on configuring remote RADIUS or TACACS+ servers, see the "Additional References section."
RADIUS Tunnel Accounting for L2TP VPDNs
RADIUS tunnel accounting for VPDNs is supported by RFC 2867, which introduces six new RADIUS accounting types. Without RADIUS tunnel accounting support, VPDN with network accounting will not report all possible attributes to the accounting record file. RADIUS tunnel accounting support allows users to determine tunnel-link status changes. Because all possible attributes can be displayed, users can better verify accounting records with their Internet service providers (ISPs).
Enabling tunnel type accounting records allows the router to send tunnel and tunnel-link accounting records to the RADIUS server. The two types of accounting records allow the identification of VPDN tunneling events as described next.
Tunnel-Type Accounting Records
AAA sends Tunnel-Start, Tunnel-Stop, or Tunnel-Reject accounting records to the RADIUS server to identify these events:
• A VPDN tunnel is brought up or destroyed.
• A request to create a VPDN tunnel is rejected.
Tunnel-Link-Type Accounting Records
AAA sends Tunnel-Link-Start, Tunnel-Link-Stop, or Tunnel-Link-Reject accounting records to the RADIUS server to identify these events:
• A user session within a VPDN tunnel is brought up or brought down.
• A user session create request is rejected.
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VPDN-Specific Remote RADIUS AAA Server Configurations
VPDN-Specific Remote RADIUS AAA Server Configurations
The RADIUS attributes are specific to VPDN configurations. For detailed information on configuring remote
RADIUS or TACACS+ servers, see the Additional References section.
VPDN-specific RADIUS attributes provide this functionality:
• Tunnel assignments--The NAS AAA server can be configured to group users from different per-user or domain RADIUS profiles into the same active VPDN tunnel when the tunnel type and tunnel endpoint are identical.
• Authentication names for NAS-initiated tunnels--The NAS AAA server can be configured with authentication names other than the default names for the NAS and the NAS AAA server.
L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information
The L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tag Information feature allows you to transfer DSL line information from the L2TP access concentrator (LAC) to the L2TP network server (LNS). For example, the LAC transports the actual-rate-up and the actual-rate-down PPPoE tag information to the LNS, which learns about the actual
PPPoE transfer speeds that are negotiated by the customer premise equipment (CPE) and the digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM). The DSLAM inserts the PPPoE tag values for the rate up and the rate down and signals this information during PPPoE establishment with the LAC, which in turn, sends this information to the LNS.
By using the L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tag Information feature, you can also override the nas-port-id or calling-station-id VSAs, or both, on the LNS with the Circuit-ID and Remote-ID VSA respectively.
When you configure the dsl-line-info-forwarding command in VPDN group or VPDN-template configuration mode, and when the LNS receives one of the specified AV pairs, the LNS sends a matching VSA to the
RADIUS server as a AAA request. The associated AAA attributes are:
• AAA_CIRCUIT_ID (RADIUS attribute 87)
• AAA_REMOTE_ID (RADIUS attribute 31)
• DSL Sync Rate VSAs
Enter the radius-server attribute 87 circuit-id command to override the nas-port-id with the CIRCUIT_ID
VSA. Enter the radius-server attribute 31 remote-id command to override the calling-station-id with the
REMOTE_ID VSA.
In accordance with DSL Forum 2004-71, the DSL uses the Vendor Specific tag for line identification. The first 2 octets (TAG_TYPE) are PPPOE_TAG_VENDSPEC (0x0105). The next 2 octets (TAG_LENGTH) contain the total length including Sub-options, Sub-option-lengths, and Tag-values. The first four octets of the TAG_VALUE contain the vendor ID. The next octet contains sub-option for Agent Remote ID (0x02).
Following octet contains total length of Sub-option-tag in bytes.
The maximum length for the Remote-ID tag is 63 bytes. The Remote-ID tag contains an operator administered string that uniquely identifies the subscriber on the associated DSL line. The Remote-ID tag can be a phone number, an email address, a billing account number, or any other string that can be used by Service Providers as a tracking mechanism.
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information
If the discovery frame has the sub-option 0x01, it indicates the presence of the Circuit-ID tag. A single frame supports Circuit-ID, Remote-ID, or both. If Circuit-ID is present in the same frame, it sends to the RADIUS server through the Nas-Port-ID attribute.
The following example shows an access and accounting request sent to the RADIUS server with remote-ID tag and DSL-Sync-Rate tags:
01:24:52: RADIUS/ENCODE: Best Local IP-Address 10.0.73.20 for Radius-Server 128.107.164.254
01:24:52: RADIUS(00000011): Send Access-Request to 192.107.164.254:1645 id 1645/3, len 391
01:24:52: RADIUS: authenticator 3B 49 F5 7D 8A 6F A4 D7 - 57 99 E6 60 A9 D0 C7 B9
01:24:52: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco [26] 41
01:24:52: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:52: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:52: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:52: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:52: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:52: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:52: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
[1]
[26]
[1]
[26]
[1]
[26]
35
39
33
39
33
39
"client-mac-address=0090.bf06.c81c"
"actual-data-rate-upstream=20480"
"actual-data-rate-downstream=512"
01:24:52: RADIUS:
01:24:52: RADIUS:
01:24:52: RADIUS:
01:24:52: RADIUS:
01:24:52: RADIUS:
01:24:52: RADIUS:
01:24:52: RADIUS:
01:24:52: RADIUS:
Framed-Protocol
User-Name
CHAP-Password
NAS-Port-Type
Vendor, Cisco
Cisco AVpair
Vendor, Cisco
Cisco AVpair
01:24:52: RADIUS: NAS-Port
01:24:52: RADIUS: NAS-Port-Id
01:24:52: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
[1] 33 "minimum-data-rate-upstream=1024"
[7] 6 PPP
[1] 16 "pshroff-client"
[1]
[3] 19 *
[61] 6 Ethernet [15]
[26] 46
[1] 40 "circuit-id-tag=Ethernet1/0.1:ababababa"
[26] 36
[1] 30 "remote-id-tag=0090.bf06.c81c"
[5]
[87]
[26]
6
25
41
268435486
"Ethernet1/0.1:ababababa"
01:24:52: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:52: RADIUS: Service-Type
[1] 35 "client-mac-address=0090.bf06.c81c"
[6] 6 Framed [2]
01:24:52: RADIUS: NAS-IP-Address [4] 6 10.0.73.20
01:24:55: RADIUS(00000011): Send Accounting-Request to 192.107.164.254:1646 id 1646/4, len
495
01:24:55: RADIUS: authenticator 22 6F B2 F3 88 B1 03 91 - 4A 70 53 BD 44 A6 A6 0F
01:24:55: RADIUS: Acct-Session-Id [44] 19 "1/0/0/30_00000008"
01:24:55: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:55: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:55: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:55: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:55: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:55: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:55: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
[26] 39
[1] 33 "actual-data-rate-upstream=20480"
[26] 39
[1] 33 "actual-data-rate-downstream=512"
[26] 39
[1] 33 "minimum-data-rate-upstream=1024"
[26] 49
01:24:55: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:55: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:55: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:55: RADIUS: Framed-Protocol
01:24:55: RADIUS: User-Name
01:24:55: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:55: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
01:24:55: RADIUS: Acct-Authentic
01:24:55: RADIUS: Acct-Status-Type
01:24:55: RADIUS: NAS-Port-Type
01:24:55: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
[1] 43 "minimum-data-rate-downstream-low-power=32"
[26] 46
[1] 40 "maximum-interleaving-delay-upstream=64"
[7] 6 PPP
[1] 16 "pshroff-client"
[26] 32
[1] 26 "connect-progress=Call Up"
[45] 6 RADIUS
[40]
[61]
6
6
[26] 46
Start
Ethernet
[1]
[1]
[1]
[15]
01:24:55: RADIUS:
01:24:55: RADIUS:
01:24:55: RADIUS:
01:24:55: RADIUS:
Cisco AVpair
Vendor, Cisco
Cisco AVpair
NAS-Port
01:24:55: RADIUS: NAS-Port-Id
01:24:55: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
01:24:55: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
[1] 40 "circuit-id-tag=Ethernet1/0.1:ababababa"
[26] 36
[1] 30 "remote-id-tag=0090.bf06.c81c"
[5] 6 268435486
[87]
[26]
25
41
"Ethernet1/0.1:ababababa"
01:24:55: RADIUS: Service-Type
01:24:55: RADIUS: NAS-IP-Address
01:24:55: RADIUS: Acct-Delay-Time [41] 6 0
01:24:57: RADIUS: Received from id 1646/4 192.107.164.254:1646, Accounting-response, len
20
[1] 35 "client-mac-address=0090.bf06.c81c"
[6] 6 Framed
[4] 6 10.0.73.20
[2]
The LAC sends the indicated AV pairs, containing the DSL line information to the LNS, which sends them through AAA to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server uses the DSL line identification when processing
AAA requests.
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L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information
If you plan to configure L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information, it is recommended that you be familiar with RFC 2516 and DSL Forum TR-101 before configuring this feature.
DSL Sync-Rate VSAs
The DSL uses PPPoE Vendor Specific tags for Sync-Rate tag information. DSL Sync-Rates are encoded as
32-bit binary values, describing the rate in kbps. The tag length is 4 bytes. The table below shows the mandatory
DSL Sync-Rate tags and their associated RADIUS VSA.
Table 5: Required DSL Sync-Rate Tags
Description
Actual data rate upstream in kbps.
DSL Line Information
DSL Line Actual-Data-Rate-Upstream
AVP
RADIUS VSA
AAA_AT_ACTUAL_RATE_UP
DSL Line Actual-Data-Rate-Downstream
AVP
AAA_AT_ACTUAL_RATE_DOWN
DSL Line Minimum-Data-Rate-Upstream
AVP
AAA_AT_MIN_RATE_UP
DSL Line
Minimum-Data-Rate-Downstream AVP
AAA_AT_MIN_RATE_DOWN
Actual data rate downstream in kbps.
Minimum data rate upstream in kbps.
Minimum data rate downstream in kbps.
PADI/PADR frames might contain an optional DSL Sync-Rate tag. The table below shows DSL line information and their associated RADIUS VSA for the optional DSL Sync-Rate tags.
Table 6: Optional DSL Sync-Rate Tags
DSL Line Information RADIUS VSA
DSL Line Attainable-Data-Rate-Upstream
AVP
AAA_AT_ATTAINABLE_RATE_UP
Description
Attainable data rate upstream in kbps.
DSL Line
Attainable-Data-Rate-Downstream AVP
AAA_AT_ATTAINABLE_RATE_DOWN Attainable data rate downstream in kbps.
DSL Line Maximum-Data-Rate-Upstream
AVP
AAA_AT_MAX_RATE_UP
DSL Line
Maximum-Data-Rate-Downstream AVP
AAA_AT_MAX_RATE_DOWN
Maximum data rate upstream in kbps.
Maximum data rate downstream in kbps.
DSL Line Minimum-Data-Rate-Upstream
-Low-Power AVP
AAA_AT_MIN_RATE_UP_LOW_POWER Minimum data rate upstream in low power state in kbps.
DSL Line
Minimum-Data-Rate-Downstream
-Low-Power AVP
AAA_AT_MIN_RATE_DOWN_LOW_POWER Minimum data rate downstream in low power state in kbps.
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
LNS Address Checking
DSL Line Information
DSL Line
Maximum-Interleaving-Delay-UpStream
AVP
RADIUS VSA
AAA_AT_MAX_INTER_DELAY_UP
Description
Maximum interleaving delay upstream in ms.
DSL Line
Maximum-Interleaving-Delay-DownStream
AVP
AAA_AT_MAX_INTER_DELAY_DOWN Maximum interleaving delay downstream in ms.
DSL Line
Actual-Interleaving-Delay-Upstream AVP
AAA_AT_ACTUAL_INTER_DELAY_UP Actual interleaving delay upstream in kbps.
DSL Line
Actual-Interleaving-Delay-Downstream
AVP
AAA_AT_ACTUAL_INTER_DELAY_DOWN Actual interleaving delay downstream in kbps.
LNS Address Checking
Benefits of LNS Address Checking
The LNS Address Checking feature allows a LAC to check the IP address of the LNS sending traffic to it during the setup of an L2TP tunnel, thus providing a check for uplink and downlink traffic arriving from different interfaces.
The benefit of the LNS Address Checking feature is avoiding the loss of revenue from users sending back traffic through an alternate network.
LNS Address Checking Using a RADIUS Server
Use the Cisco attribute-value pair (AVP), downloaded from a RADIUS server during authentication, to enable
IP address checking at the LAC.
The Cisco AVP is: l2tp-security-ip-address-check=yes
The following RADIUS profile example shows the LNS address checking enabled: example.com Password="example"
Service-Type=Outbound
Cisco-Avpair="vpdn:tunnel-id=tunnel"
Cisco-Avpair="vpdn:tunnel-type=l2tp"
Cisco-Avpair=":ip-address=10.10.10.1"
Cisco-Avpair="vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password=example"
Cisco-Avpair="vpdn:l2tp-security-ip-address-check=yes"
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Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling
Debugging Dropped Control Packets
Use the LNS Address Checking feature to help troubleshoot dropped control packets. If you configure the debug vpdn 12x-error command, informational messages display for each control packet that is dropped in the following format:
Tnl <tunnel-ID>
L2TP: Drop <L2TP-packet-name> from y.y.y.y (attempted) x.x.x.x
Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling
The Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling feature allows you to display and clear (restart) any Layer 2 Tunnel
Protocol (L2TP) network server (LNS) entry in a dead-cache (DOWN) state. You can use this feature to generate a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) or system message log (syslog) event when an
LNS enters or exits a dead-cache state. Once an LNS exits the dead-cache state, the LNS is able to establish new sessions.
Prior to Cisco IOS XE Release 2.4, networks could not identify the status of a Load Sharing Group (LSG) on a LAC. As a result, it was not possible to know if an LNS is not responding (dead-cache state). An LNS in a dead-cache state causes an LSG to reject a call from an LAC.
Networks also have no method of logging, either though a syslog or SNMP event, when an LNS enters, or is cleared from a dead-cache state.
The Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling feature allows you to view (identify) and clear (restart) one or more
LNS entries in a dead-cache (DOWN) state, and generate either a syslog or SNMP event when an LNS exits or enters a dead-cache state. Once an LNS clears a dead-cache state, the LNS is active and available for new call-session establishments.
How to Configure AAA for VPDNs
Enabling VPDN on the NAS and the Tunnel Server
Before performing any VPDN configuration tasks, you must enable VPDN on the NAS and the tunnel server.
If you are deploying a multihop VPDN tunnel switching architecture, VPDN must be enabled on the tunnel switch as well.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn enable
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Configuring the VPDN Tunnel Authorization Search Order
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn enable
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables VPDN on the router.
Configuring the VPDN Tunnel Authorization Search Order
Perform this task on the NAS or the tunnel switch to configure the VPDN tunnel authorization search order if you prefer to use an order other than the default order. The default search order for VPDN tunnel authorization is to first search by DNIS, then by domain.
Before You Begin
You must perform the task in the "Enabling VPDN on the NAS and the Tunnel Server" section.
Note Tunnel authorization searches based on the multihop hostname are supported only for multihop tunnel switching deployments.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn search-order { dnis [ domain ] [ multihop-hostname ] | domain [ dnis ] [ multihop-hostname ] | multihop-hostname [ dnis ] [ domain ]}
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Configuring per-User VPDN on the NAS
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn search-order { dnis [ domain ]
[ multihop-hostname ] | domain [ dnis ]
[ multihop-hostname ] | multihop-hostname [ dnis ]
[ domain ]}
Specifies how the service provider NAS or tunnel switch is to perform VPDN tunnel authorization searches.
• At least one search parameter keyword must be specified. You can specify multiple search parameter keywords in any order to define the desired order in which searches will be performed.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn search-order domain dnis
Note The multihop-hostname keyword is used only on a device configured as a tunnel switch.
Configuring per-User VPDN on the NAS
Per-user VPDN can be configured globally, or for individual VPDN groups. The VPDN group configuration will take precedence over the global configuration.
Perform one of these tasks on the NAS to configure per-user VPDN:
Prerequisites
The NAS remote RADIUS server must be configured for AAA. See the "Additional References" section.
Restrictions
• Per-user VPDN configuration supports only RADIUS as the AAA protocol.
• This task is compatible only with NAS-initiated dial-in VPDN scenarios.
Configuring Global per-User VPDN
Configuring per-user VPDN on a NAS causes the NAS to send the entire structured username of the user to a RADIUS AAA server the first time the NAS contacts the AAA server. Per-user VPDN can be configured
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Configuring per-User VPDN on the NAS globally, or for individual VPDN groups. Configuring per-user VPDN globally will apply per-user VPDN to all request-dialin VPDN groups configured on the NAS.
Perform this task on the NAS to configure global per-user VPDN.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn authen-before-forward
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn authen-before-forward
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn authen-before-forward
Configures a NAS to request authentication of a complete username before making a forwarding decision for dial-in tunnels.
Configuring per-User VPDN for a VPDN Group
Configuring per-user VPDN on a NAS causes the NAS to send the entire structured username of the user to a RADIUS AAA server the first time the NAS contacts the AAA server. Per-user VPDN can be configured globally, or for individual VPDN groups. Configuring per-user VPDN at the VPDN group level will apply per-user VPDN only to calls associated with that specific VPDN group
Perform this task on the NAS to configure per-user VPDN for a specific VPDN group.
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Configuring per-User VPDN on the NAS
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
request-dialin
5.
protocol l2tp
6.
exit
7.
authen-before-forward
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1 request-dialin Configures a NAS to request the establishment of an L2TP tunnel to a tunnel server, creates a request-dialin VPDN subgroup, and enters VPDN request dial-in subgroup configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# request-dialin protocol l2tp
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# protocol l2tp
Specifies the Layer 2 tunneling protocol that the VPDN group will use.
exit Exits to VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# exit
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server
Step 7
Command or Action authen-before-forward
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# authen-before-forward
Purpose
Configures a NAS to request authentication of a complete username before making a forwarding decision for dial-in L2TP tunnels belonging to a VPDN group.
Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server
For NAS-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling and L2TP dial-out tunneling deployments, perform this task on the NAS and the tunnel server.
For client-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling, perform this task on the tunnel server.
Before You Begin
• You must perform the task in the
Enabling VPDN on the NAS and the Tunnel Server, on page 25
.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
aaa new-model
4.
aaa authentication login { default | list-name } method1 [ method2 ...]
5.
aaa authentication ppp { default | list-name } method1 [ method2 ...]
6.
aaa authorization { network | exec | commands level | reverse-access | configuration } { default | list-name } [ method1 [ method2 ...]]
7.
vpdn aaa attribute { nas-ip-address { vpdn-nas | vpdn-tunnel-client } | nas-port { physical-channel-id
| vpdn-nas }}
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
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Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action aaa new-model
Purpose
Enables the AAA access control model.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa new model aaa authentication login { default | list-name } method1
[ method2 ...]
Sets AAA authentication at login.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa authentication login default local
[ aaa authentication ppp method2
Example:
...]
{ default | list-name } method1
Router(config)# aaa authentication ppp default radius
Specifies one or more AAA authentication methods for use on serial interfaces that are running PPP.
Note This command must be configured with the if-needed option for the method1 argument if you are configuring shell-based authentication for
VPDNs. This configures PPP to bypass user authentication if the user has been authenticated at the login prompt.
aaa authorization { network | exec | commands level | reverse-access | configuration } { default | list-name }
[ method1 [ method2 ...]]
Sets parameters that restrict user access to a network.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa authorization network default radius vpdn aaa attribute { nas-ip-address { vpdn-nas | vpdn-tunnel-client } | nas-port { physical-channel-id | vpdn-nas }}
Example:
(Optional) Enables AAA attributes related to a VPDN that will be reported to the AAA server in accounting records.
Note Configure this command only on the tunnel server when remote AAA accounting will be enabled on the NAS.
Router(config)# vpdn aaa attribute nas-ip-address vpdn-nas
Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs
A remote RADIUS or TACACS+ AAA server can be used for tunnel authentication. For detailed information on configuring remote RADIUS or TACACS+ servers, see the "Additional References" section.
Remote AAA authentication can be configured on the NAS or the tunnel server in these ways:
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs
Dial-In Configurations
• The NAS can be configured to use a remote AAA server.
• The tunnel server, functioning as the tunnel terminator, can be configured to use a remote AAA server for L2TP tunnels only.
Dial-Out Configurations
• The NAS, functioning as the tunnel terminator, can be configured to use a remote AAA server for L2TP tunnels only.
Perform one of these tasks to configure remote AAA for VPDNs:
Configuring the NAS for Remote AAA for Dial-In VPDNs
Perform this task to configure the NAS to use a remote RADIUS or TACACS+ server for tunnel authentication.
This task applies only to dial-in VPDN configurations.
Before You Begin
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
Do one of the following:
• radius-server host { hostname | ip-address } [ auth-port port-number ] [ acct-port port-number ]
[ timeout seconds ] [ retransmit retries ] [ key string ] [ alias { hostname | ip-address }]
• tacacs-server host { host-name | host-ip-address } [ key string ] [ nat ] [ port [ integer ]]
[ single-connection ] [ timeout [ integer ]]
4.
Do one of the following:
• aaa group server radius group-name
• aaa group server tacacs+ group-name
5.
Do one of the following:
• server ip-address [ auth-port port-number ] [ acct-port port-number ]
• server ip-address
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action Purpose
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Do one of the following: Specifies a RADIUS server host.
• radius-server host { hostname | ip-address } [ auth-port or port-number ] [ acct-port port-number ] [ timeout seconds ] Specifies a TACACS+ host.
[ retransmit retries ] [ key string ] [ alias { hostname | ip-address }]
• tacacs-server host { host-name | host-ip-address } [ key string ] [ nat ] [ port [ integer ]] [ single-connection ] [ timeout
[ integer ]]
Step 4
Step 5
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server host 10.1.1.1
Example:
Router(config)# tacacs-server host 10.2.2.2
Do one of the following:
• aaa group server radius group-name
• aaa group server tacacs+ group-name
(Optional) Groups different RADIUS server hosts into distinct lists and distinct methods and enters RADIUS server group configuration mode.
or
(Optional) Groups different TACACS+ server hosts into distinct lists and distinct methods and enters RADIUS server group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa group server radius group1
Example:
Router(config)# aaa group server tacacs+ group7
Do one of the following:
• server ip-address [ auth-port port-number ] [ acct-port port-number ]
(Optional) Configures the IP address of the RADIUS server for the group server.
or
• server ip-address
(Optional) Configures the IP address of the TACACS+ server for the group server.
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs
Command or Action
Example:
Router(config-sg-radius)# server 10.1.1.1 auth-port
1000 acct-port 1646
Purpose
Note Perform this step multiple times to configure multiple RADIUS or TACACS+ servers as part of the server group.
Example:
Router(config-sg-radius)# server 10.2.2.2
What to Do Next
You must perform the process in the Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication section.
Configuring the Tunnel Terminator for Remote RADIUS AAA for L2TP Tunnels
You can configure the device that terminates the L2TP VPDN tunnel to perform remote RADIUS AAA.
Without this functionality, the tunnel terminator can only perform L2TP authentication locally. Local authentication requires that data about the corresponding tunnel endpoint be configured within a VPDN group.
This mechanism does not scale well because the information stored in the VPDN groups on each device must be updated independently.
Remote RADIUS authentication allows users to store configurations on the RADIUS server, avoiding the need to store information locally. New information can be added to the RADIUS server as needed, and a group of tunnel terminators can access a common database on the RADIUS server.
Perform this task to configure remote RADIUS AAA for L2TP tunnels on the tunnel terminator. This task can be performed on the tunnel server for dial-in VPDN tunnels, or on the NAS for dial-out VPDN tunnels.
Before You Begin
• The remote RADIUS AAA server must be configured. For more information on configuring remote
RADIUS AAA servers, see the "Additional References" section.
• AAA must be enabled. To enable AAA, perform the task in the "Configuring AAA on the NAS and the
Tunnel Server" section.
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Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
radius-server host { hostname | ip-address } [ auth-port port-number ] [ acct-port port-number ] [ timeout seconds ] [ retransmit retries ] [ key string ] [ alias { hostname | ip-address }]
4.
aaa group server radius group-name
5.
server ip-address [ auth-port port-number ] [ acct-port port-number ]
6.
exit
7.
vpdn tunnel authorization network { list-name | default }
8.
vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template vtemplate-number
9.
vpdn tunnel authorization password password
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal radius-server host { hostname | ip-address } [ auth-port port-number ] [ acct-port port-number ] [ timeout seconds ] [ retransmit retries ] [ key string ] [ alias
{ hostname | ip-address }]
Specifies a RADIUS server host.
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server host 10.1.1.1
aaa group server radius group-name
Example:
Router(config)# aaa group server radius group1
Groups different RADIUS server hosts into distinct lists and distinct methods and enters RADIUS server group configuration mode.
server ip-address [ auth-port port-number ] [ acct-port port-number ]
Configures the IP address of the RADIUS server for the group server.
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Command or Action
Example:
Router(config-sg-radius)# server 10.1.1.1
auth-port 1000 acct-port 1646 exit
Example:
Router(config-sg-radius)# exit vpdn tunnel authorization network { list-name | default }
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization network default
Purpose
Note Perform this step multiple times to configure multiple
RADIUS or TACACS+ servers as part of the server group.
Exits RADIUS server group configuration mode.
Specifies the AAA authorization method list that will be used for remote tunnel hostname-based authorization.
•
•
If the list-name authorization argument was specified in the command, you must use that list name.
If the default keyword was specified in the aaa aaa authorization command, you must use that keyword.
(Optional) Selects the default virtual template from which to clone virtual access interfaces.
vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template vtemplate-number
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template 3
vpdn tunnel authorization password password
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization password my-secret
(Optional) Configures a false password for the RADIUS authorization request to retrieve the tunnel configuration that is based on the remote tunnel hostname.
Note If this command is not enabled, the password will always be "cisco."
What to Do Next
You must perform the task in the “ Configuring the Multihop Tunnel Switch to Initiate Outgoing VPDN
Tunnels ” section.
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Verifying and Troubleshooting Remote AAA Configurations
Verifying and Troubleshooting Remote AAA Configurations
Verifying that the VPDN Tunnel Is Up
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show vpdn tunnel
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2 enable
Enter this command to enable privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Example:
Router> enable show vpdn tunnel
Enter this command to display information about active VPDN tunnels. At least one tunnel and one session must be set up.
Example:
Router# show vpdn tunnel
L2TP Tunnel and Session Information Total tunnels 1 sessions 1
LocID RemID Remote Name State Remote Address Port Sessions VPDN Group
4571 61568 csidtw13 est 10.0.195.4
1701 1 ?
LocID RemID TunID Intf
4 11 4571 Vi4.1
%No active PPPoE tunnels
Username [email protected]
State Last Chg est 00:02:29
Verifying the Remote RADIUS AAA Server Configuration
Perform this task to verify that the remote AAA authorization server is configured on the tunnel endpoint and that the tunnel endpoint can receive attributes 90 and 69 from the RADIUS server.
In this example the steps are performed on the tunnel server, which is performing remote RADIUS AAA as a tunnel terminator. These steps can also be performed on the NAS when remote RADIUS AAA is being performed on the NAS as a tunnel initiator for dial-in VPDNs or as a tunnel terminator for dial-out VPDNs.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
debug radius
3.
show logging
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Configuring AAA for VPDNs
Verifying and Troubleshooting Remote AAA Configurations
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3 enable
Enter this command to enable privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Example:
Router> enable debug radius
Enter this command on the tunnel server to display RADIUS debugging messages.
Example:
Router# debug radius show logging
Enter this command on the tunnel server to display the contents of the standard system logging message buffer. Ensure that "access-accept" is in the output and that attributes 90 and 69 can be seen in the RADIUS reply, as shown in bold.
Example:
Router# show logging
00:32:56: RADIUS: Received from id 21645/5 172.19.192.50:1645, Access-Accept
, len 81
00:32:56: RADIUS: authenticator 73 2B 1B C2 33 71 93 19 - 62 AC 3E BE 0D 13 14 85
00:32:56: RADIUS: Service-Type [6] 6 Outbound
00:32:56: RADIUS: Tunnel-Type [64] 6 00:L2TP
00:32:56: RADIUS: Tunnel-Medium-Type [65] 6 00:IPv4
[5]
[3]
[1]
00:32:56: RADIUS: Tunnel-Client-Auth-I[90]
6 00:"csidtw13"
00:32:56: RADIUS:
8 *
Tunnel-Password [69]
00:32:56: RADIUS: Vendor, Cisco
00:32:56: RADIUS: Cisco AVpair
[26] 29
[1] 23 "vpdn:vpdn-vtemplate=1"
Verifying the Remote TACACS+ AAA Server Configuration on the NAS
Perform this task on the NAS to verify that the remote TACACS+ AAA server is properly configured.
Before You Begin
Enable these debug commands before performing this task:
• debug aaa accounting --Displays information on accountable events as they occur.
• debug aaa authentication --Displays information on AAA TACACS+ authentication.
• debug aaa authorization --Displays information on AAA TACACS+ authorization.
• debug tacacs --Displays information associated with TACACS+.
• debug vpdn error --Displays information about Layer 2 protocol-independent errors that occur.
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• debug vpdn events --Displays information about Layer 2 protocol-independent events that are part of normal tunnel establishment or shutdown.
• debug vpdn l2x-errors --Displays information about Layer 2 protocol-specific errors that are part of normal PPP tunnel establishment or shutdown.
• debug vpdn l2x-events --Displays information about Layer 2 protocol-specific events that are part of normal PPP tunnel establishment or shutdown.
• debug vpdn l2x-packets --Displays information about Layer 2 protocol-specific
• debug vtemplate --Displays cloning information for a virtual access interface from the time it is cloned from a virtual template to the time the virtual access interface comes down when the call ends.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show debugging
3.
Examine the debug output.
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3 enable
Enter this command to enable privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Example:
Router> enable show debugging
Enter this command to display information about the types of debugging that are enabled for your router.
Example:
Router# show debugging
General OS:
AAA Authentication debugging is on
AAA Authorization debugging is on
AAA Accounting debugging is on
VPN:
L2X protocol events debugging is on
L2X protocol errors debugging is on
VPDN events debugging is on
VPDN errors debugging is on
VTEMPLATE:
Virtual Template debugging is on
!
Examine the debug output.
The following example shows complete debug output from the NAS for successful VPDN tunnel establishment using remote TACACS+ AAA authentication at the NAS:
Example:
Jan 30 12:17:09: As1 AAA/AUTHOR/FSM: (0): LCP succeeds trivially
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20:03:18: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Async1, changed state to up
Jan 30 12:17:09: As1 VPDN: Looking for tunnel -- rtp.cisco.com --
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA: parse name=Async1 idb type=10 tty=1
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA: name=Async1 flags=0x11 type=4 shelf=0 slot=0 adapter=0 port=1 channel=0
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x278B90) user='rtp.cisco.com' ruser='' port='Async1' rem_addr='' authen_type=NONE service=LOGIN priv=0
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN (898425447): Port='Async1' list='default' service=NET
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: (898425447) user='rtp.cisco.com'
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: (898425447) send AV service=ppp
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: (898425447) send AV protocol=vpdn
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN (898425447) found list "default"
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: (898425447) Method=TACACS+
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (898425447): user=rtp.cisco.com
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (898425447): send AV service=ppp
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (898425447): send AV protocol=vpdn
Jan 30 12:17:09: TAC+: (898425447): received author response status = PASS_ADD
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR (898425447): Post authorization status = PASS_ADD
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: Processing AV service=ppp
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: Processing AV protocol=vpdn
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: Processing AV tunnel-type=l2tp
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: Processing AV tunnel-id=rtp_tunnel
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHOR/VPDN: Processing AV ip-addresses=10.31.1.56
Jan 30 12:17:09: As1 VPDN: Get tunnel info for rtp.cisco.com with NAS rtp_tunnel, IP 10.31.1.56
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x278B90) user='rtp.cisco.com' ruser='' port='Async1' rem_addr='' authen_type=NONE service=LOGIN priv=0
Jan 30 12:17:09: As1 VPDN: Forward to address 10.31.1.56
Jan 30 12:17:09: As1 VPDN: Forwarding...
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA: parse name=Async1 idb type=10 tty=1
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA: name=Async1 flags=0x11 type=4 shelf=0 slot=0 adapter=0 port=1 channel=0
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x22CDEC) user='[email protected]' ruser='' port='Async1' rem_addr='async' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:09: As1 VPDN: Bind interface direction=1
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl/Cl 74/1 L2TP: Session FS enabled
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl/Cl 74/1 L2TP: Session state change from idle to wait-for-tunnel
Jan 30 12:17:09: As1 74/1 L2TP: Create session
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl 74 L2TP: SM State idle
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl 74 L2TP: O SCCRQ
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl 74 L2TP: Tunnel state change from idle to wait-ctl-reply
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl 74 L2TP: SM State wait-ctl-reply
Jan 30 12:17:09: As1 VPDN: [email protected] is forwarded
Jan 30 12:17:10: Tnl 74 L2TP: I SCCRP from ABCDE
Jan 30 12:17:10: Tnl 74 L2TP: Got a challenge from remote peer, ABCDE
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA: parse name= idb type=-1 tty=-1
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x23232C) user='rtp_tunnel' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/START (1598999635): port='' list='default' action=SENDAUTH service=PPP
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/START (1598999635): found list default
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN (1598999635): status = UNKNOWN
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/START (1598999635): Method=TACACS+
Jan 30 12:17:10: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=193 id=1598999635
Jan 30 12:17:10: TAC+: ver=192 id=1598999635 received AUTHEN status = ERROR
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA: parse name= idb type=-1 tty=-1
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x232470) user='rtp_tunnel' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:10: TAC+: ver=192 id=3400389836 received AUTHEN status = PASS
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x232470) user='rtp_tunnel' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN (1598999635): status = PASS
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x23232C) user='rtp_tunnel' ruser='' port=''
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Jan 30 12:17:10: Tnl 74 L2TP: Got a response from remote peer, ABCDE
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA: parse name= idb type=-1 tty=-1
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x22FBA4) user='rtp_tunnel' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/START (2964849625): port='' list='default' action=SENDAUTH service=PPP
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/START (2964849625): found list default
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN (2964849625): status = UNKNOWN
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/START (2964849625): Method=TACACS+
Jan 30 12:17:10: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=193 id=2964849625
20:03:20: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Async1, changed state to up
Jan 30 12:17:11: TAC+: ver=192 id=2964849625 received AUTHEN status = ERROR
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA: parse name= idb type=-1 tty=-1
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x22FC8C) user='rtp_tunnel' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:11: As1 74/1 L2TP: Discarding data packet because tunnel is not open
Jan 30 12:17:11: As1 74/1 L2TP: Discarding data packet because tunnel is not open
Jan 30 12:17:11: TAC+: ver=192 id=1474818051 received AUTHEN status = PASS
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x22FC8C) user='rtp_tunnel' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA/AUTHEN (2964849625): status = PASS
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x22FBA4) user='rtp_tunnel' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 74 L2TP: Tunnel Authentication success
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 74 L2TP: Tunnel state change from wait-ctl-reply to established
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 74 L2TP: O SCCCN to ABCDE tnlid 56
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 74 L2TP: SM State established
Jan 30 12:17:11: As1 74/1 L2TP: O ICRQ to ABCDE 56/0
Jan 30 12:17:11: As1 74/1 L2TP: Session state change from wait-for-tunnel to wait-reply
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 74 L2TP: Dropping old CM, Ns 0, expected 1
Jan 30 12:17:11: As1 74/1 L2TP: O ICCN to ABCDE 56/1
Jan 30 12:17:11: As1 74/1 L2TP: Session state change from wait-reply to established
Verifying the Remote TACACS+ AAA Server Configuration on the Tunnel Server
Perform this task on the tunnel server to verify that the remote TACACS+ AAA server is properly configured.
Before You Begin
Enable these debug commands before performing this task:
• debug aaa authentication --Displays information on AAA authentication.
• debug aaa authorization --Displays information on AAA authorization.
• debug aaa accounting --Displays information on accountable events as they occur. The information displayed by this command is independent of the accounting protocol used to transfer the accounting information to a server.
• debug tacacs+ --Displays detailed debugging information associated with TACACS+.
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Verifying and Troubleshooting Remote AAA Configurations
• debug vtemplate --Displays cloning information for a virtual access interface from the time it is cloned from a virtual template to the time the virtual access interface comes down when the call ends.
• debug vpdn error --Displays errors that prevent a PPP tunnel from being established or errors that cause an established tunnel to be closed.
• debug vpdn events --Displays messages about events that are part of normal PPP tunnel establishment or shutdown.
• debug vpdn l2x-errors --Displays messages about events that are part of normal PPP tunnel establishment or shutdown.
• debug vpdn l2x-events --Displays messages about events that are part of normal PPP tunnel establishment or shutdown for Layer 2.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show debugging
3.
Examine the debug output.
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3 enable
Enter this command to enable privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Example:
Router> enable show debugging
Enter this command to display information about the types of debugging that are enabled for your router.
Example:
Router# show debugging
General OS:
AAA Authentication debugging is on
AAA Authorization debugging is on
AAA Accounting debugging is on
VPN:
L2X protocol events debugging is on
L2X protocol errors debugging is on
VPDN events debugging is on
VPDN errors debugging is on
VTEMPLATE:
Virtual Template debugging is on
Examine the debug output.
The following example shows complete debug output from the tunnel server for successful VPDN tunnel establishment using remote TACACS+ AAA authentication at the NAS:
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Example:
Jan 30 12:17:09: L2TP: I SCCRQ from rtp_tunnel tnl 74
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl 56 L2TP: New tunnel created for remote rtp_tunnel, address 10.31.1.144
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl 56 L2TP: Got a challenge in SCCRQ, rtp_tunnel
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA: parse name= idb type=-1 tty=-1
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x21F6D0) user='ABCDE' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN/START (3194595626): port='' list='default' action=SENDAUTH service=PPP
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN/START (3194595626): found list default
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN (3194595626): status = UNKNOWN
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN/START (3194595626): Method=TACACS+
Jan 30 12:17:09: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=193 id=3194595626
Jan 30 12:17:09: TAC+: ver=192 id=3194595626 received AUTHEN status = ERROR
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA: parse name= idb type=-1 tty=-1
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x2281AC) user='ABCDE' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:09: TAC+: ver=192 id=3639011179 received AUTHEN status = PASS
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x2281AC) user='ABCDE' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN (3194595626): status = PASS
Jan 30 12:17:09: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x21F6D0) user='ABCDE' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl 56 L2TP: O SCCRP to rtp_tunnel tnlid 74
Jan 30 12:17:09: Tnl 56 L2TP: Tunnel state change from idle to wait-ctl-reply
Jan 30 12:17:10: Tnl 56 L2TP: O Resend SCCRP, flg TLF, ver 2, len 152, tnl 74, cl 0, ns 0, nr 1
Jan 30 12:17:10: Tnl 56 L2TP: I SCCCN from rtp_tunnel tnl 74
Jan 30 12:17:10: Tnl 56 L2TP: Got a Challenge Response in SCCCN from rtp_tunnel
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA: parse name= idb type=-1 tty=-1
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x227F3C) user='ABCDE' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/STARTTranslating "rtp.cisco.com"
(4117701992): port='' list='default' action=SENDAUTH service=PPP
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/START (4117701992): found list default
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN (4117701992): status = UNKNOWN
Jan 30 12:17:10: AAA/AUTHEN/START (4117701992): Method=TACACS+
Jan 30 12:17:10: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=193 id=4117701992
Jan 30 12:17:11: TAC+: ver=192 id=4117701992 received AUTHEN status = ERROR
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA: parse name= idb type=-1 tty=-1
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA/AUTHEN: create_user (0x228E68) user='ABCDE' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:11: TAC+: ver=192 id=2827432721 received AUTHEN status = PASS
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x228E68) user='ABCDE' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA/AUTHEN (4117701992): status = PASS
Jan 30 12:17:11: AAA/AUTHEN: free_user (0x227F3C) user='ABCDE' ruser='' port='' rem_addr='' authen_type=CHAP service=PPP priv=1
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 56 L2TP: Tunnel Authentication success
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 56 L2TP: Tunnel state change from wait-ctl-reply to established
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 56 L2TP: SM State established
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl 56 L2TP: I ICRQ from rtp_tunnel tnl 74
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl/Cl 56/1 L2TP: Session FS enabled
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl/Cl 56/1 L2TP: Session state change from idle to wait-for-tunnel
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl/Cl 56/1 L2TP: New session created
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl/Cl 56/1 L2TP: O ICRP to rtp_tunnel 74/1
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl/Cl 56/1 L2TP: Session state change from wait-for-tunnel to wait-connect
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl/Cl 56/1 L2TP: I ICCN from rtp_tunnel tnl 74, cl 1
Jan 30 12:17:11: Tnl/Cl 56/1 L2TP: Session state change from wait-connect to established
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Jan 30 12:17:11: Vi1 VTEMPLATE: Reuse Vi1, recycle queue size 0
Jan 30 12:17:11: Vi1 VTEMPLATE: Hardware address 00e0.1e68.942c
Jan 30 12:17:11: Vi1 VPDN: Virtual interface created for [email protected]
Jan 30 12:17:11: Vi1 VPDN: Set to Async interface
Jan 30 12:17:11: Vi1 VPDN: Clone from Vtemplate 1 filterPPP=0 blocking
Jan 30 12:17:11: Vi1 VTEMPLATE: Has a new cloneblk vtemplate, now it has vtemplate
Jan 30 12:17:11: Vi1 VTEMPLATE: ************* CLONE VACCESS1 *****************
Jan 30 12:17:11: Vi1 VTEMPLATE: Clone from Virtual-Template1
Verifying L2TP Tunnel Establishment PPP Negotiations and Authentication with the Remote
Client
Perform this task to verify that the L2TP tunnel has been established and that the tunnel server can perform
PPP negotiation and authentication with the remote client.
In this example the steps are performed on the tunnel server, which is performing remote AAA as a tunnel terminator. These steps can also be performed on the NAS when remote AAA is being performed on the NAS as a tunnel initiator for dial-in VPDNs or as a tunnel terminator for dial-out VPDNs.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
debug ppp negotiation
3.
debug ppp authentication
4.
show logging
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3 enable
Enter this command to enable privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Example:
Router> enable debug ppp negotiation
Enter this command on the tunnel server to display PPP negotiation debugging messages.
Example:
Router# debug ppp negotiation debug ppp authentication
Enter this command on the tunnel server to display PPP authentication debugging messages.
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Step 4
Example:
Router# debug ppp authentication show logging
Enter this command on the tunnel server to display the contents of the standard system logging message buffer. Observe that the tunnel server receives a PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) challenge and then sends a PPP CHAP "SUCCESS" to the client.
Example:
00:38:50: ppp3 PPP: Received LOGIN Response from AAA = PASS
00:38:50: ppp3 PPP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
00:38:50: Vi4.1
Tnl/Sn4571/4 L2TP: Session state change from wait-for-service-selection to established
00:38:50: Vi4.1 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, Authenticated User
00:38:50: Vi4.1 CHAP: O SUCCESS id 1 len 4
After PPP authentication is successful, observe from the debug output that PPP negotiation has started, that the tunnel server has received Link Control Protocol (LCP) IP Control Protocol (IPCP) packets, and that negotiation is successful.
Example:
00:38:50: Vi4.1 IPCP: State is Open
00:38:50: Vi4.1 IPCP: Install route to 10.1.1.4
Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users
Directed request authorization of VPDN users can be configured on the NAS or on the tunnel server. The directed request configuration is performed on the device that ultimately performs the authentication. Directed requests are most commonly configured on the tunnel server.
Perform one of these tasks to enable directed request authorization of VPDN users.
Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users on the Tunnel Server
Perform this task on the tunnel server to configure directed request authorization of VPDN users when the tunnel server performs authentication.
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Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users
Before You Begin
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
ip host { name | t modem-telephone-number } [ tcp-port-number ] address1 [ address2 ...
address8 ]
4.
Do one of the following:
• radius-server directed-request [ restricted ]
• tacacs-server directed-request [ restricted ] [ no-truncate ]
5.
vpdn authorize directed-request
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
[
Example:
Router# configure terminal ip host { name | t modem-telephone-number tcp-port-number ] address1 [ address2 ...
} address8 ]
Example:
Router(config)# ip host example.com 10.3.3.3
Do one of the following:
• radius-server directed-request [ restricted ]
• tacacs-server directed-request [ restricted ]
[ no-truncate ]
Specifies or modifies the hostname for the network server.
Note The IP address specified with the ip host command must match the IP address you configured with the radius-server host or tacacs-server host command when performing the task in the
.
Allows users logging in to a NAS to select a RADIUS server for authentication.
or
Allows users logging in to a NAS to select a TACACS+ server for authentication.
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server directed-request
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Step 5
Command or Action Purpose
Example:
Router(config)# tacacs-server directed-request vpdn authorize directed-request Enables VPDN authorization for directed request users.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn authorize directed-request
What to Do Next
You must perform the process in the Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication section.
Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users on the NAS
Perform this task on the NAS to configure directed request authorization of VPDN users when the NAS performs authentication.
Before You Begin
You must perform the task in the "Remote AAA for VPDNs" section.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
ip host { name | t modem-telephone-number } [ tcp-port-number ] address1 [ address2 ...
address8 ]
4.
Do one of the following:
• radius-server directed-request [ restricted ]
• tacacs-server directed-request [ restricted ] [ no-truncate ]
5.
vpdn authorize directed-request
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
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Configuring Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action configure terminal
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
[
Example:
Router# configure terminal ip host { name | t modem-telephone-number tcp-port-number ] address1 [ address2 ...
} address8 ]
Example:
Router(config)# ip host example.com 10.3.3.3
Do one of the following:
• radius-server directed-request [ restricted ]
• tacacs-server directed-request [ restricted ]
[ no-truncate ]
Specifies or modifies the hostname for the network server.
Note The IP address specified with the ip host command must match the IP address you configured with the radius-server host or tacacs-server host command when performing the task in the
.
Allows users logging in to a NAS to select a RADIUS server for authentication.
or
Allows users logging in to a NAS to select a TACACS+ server for authentication.
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server directed-request
Example:
Router(config)# tacacs-server directed-request vpdn authorize directed-request Enables VPDN authorization for directed request users.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn authorize directed-request
What to Do Next
You must perform the process in the Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication section.
Configuring Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping
A single set of stripping rules can be configured globally. An independent set of stripping rules can be configured for each virtual private network (VPN) routing and forwarding (VRF) instance.
Global stripping rules are applied to all usernames, and per-VRF rules are applied only to usernames associated with the specified VRF. If a per-VRF rule is configured, it will take precedence over the global rule for usernames associated with that VRF.
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Configuring Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping
Perform this task on the NAS to configure a set of global or per-VRF stripping rules.
Before You Begin
• AAA must be enabled on the NAS. See the "Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server" section.
• You must understand the usage guidelines for the radius-server domain-stripping command as described in the VPDN command reference.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
Do one of the following:
• radius-server domain-stripping [ right-to-left ] [ prefix-delimiter character
[ character2 ...
character7 ]] [ delimiter character [ character2 ...
character7 ]] [ vrf vrf-name ]
• tacacs-server domain-stripping [ right-to-left ] [ prefix-delimiter character [ character2 ...
character7 ]]
[ delimiter character [ character2 ...
character7 ]] [ vrf vrf-name ]
4.
Do one of the following:
• radius-server domain-stripping strip-suffix suffix [ vrf vrf-name ]
• tacacs-server domain-stripping strip-suffix suffix [ vrf vrf-name ]
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action
Step 1 enable
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 Do one of the following: (Optional) Configures a router to strip suffixes, or both suffixes and prefixes, from the username before forwarding the username to the RADIUS server.
• radius-server domain-stripping
[ right-to-left ] [ prefix-delimiter or character [ character2 ...
character7 ]] (Optional) Configures a router to strip suffixes, or both suffixes and prefixes,
[ delimiter character from the username before forwarding the username to the TACACS+ server.
[ character2 ...
character7 ]] [ vrf vrf-name ]
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Configuring Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping
Command or Action
• tacacs-server domain-stripping
[ right-to-left ] [ prefix-delimiter character [ character2 ...
character7 ]]
[ delimiter character
[ character2 ...
character7 ]] [ vrf vrf-name ]
Purpose
• right-to-left --Configures the router to parse the username for a delimiter from right to left, rather than in the default direction of left to right. The prefix or suffix will be stripped at the first valid delimiter character detected by the router. Changing the direction that the router parses the username will control the portion of the username that is stripped if multiple valid delimiters are present.
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server domain-stripping prefix-delimiter
#%&\\ delimiter @/
Example:
Router(config)# tacacs-server domain-stripping prefix-delimiter
%\$ vrf myvrf
Note Only one parse direction can be configured per set of global or per-VRF rules. The router cannot be configured to parse for prefixes in one direction, and parse for suffixes in the other direction.
• prefix-delimiter character [ character2 ...
character7 ]--Enables prefix stripping and specifies the character or characters that will be recognized as a prefix delimiter. Valid values for the character argument are @, /, $,
%, \, #, and -. Multiple characters can be entered without intervening spaces.
Up to seven characters can be defined as prefix delimiters, which is the maximum number of valid characters. If a \ is entered as the final or only value for the character argument, it must be entered as \\.
Note Enabling prefix stripping will automatically enable suffix stripping using the default suffix delimiter @, unless a different suffix delimiter is configured using the delimiter character keyword and argument.
• delimiter character [ character2 ...
character7 ]--Specifies the character or characters that will be recognized as a suffix delimiter. Valid values for the character argument are @, /, $, %, \, #, and -. Multiple characters can be entered without intervening spaces. Up to seven characters can be defined as prefix delimiters, which is the maximum number of valid characters. If a \ is entered as the final or only value for the character argument, it must be entered as \\.
• vrf vrf-name --Restricts the stripping configuration to a VRF instance. The vrf-name argument specifies the name of a configured VRF.
Step 4 Do one of the following: (Optional) Configures a router to strip a specific suffix from the username before forwarding the username to the RADIUS server.
• radius-server domain-stripping
strip-suffix suffix [ vrf vrf-name ] or
• tacacs-server domain-stripping
strip-suffix suffix [ vrf vrf-name ]
(Optional) Configures a router to strip a specific suffix from the username before forwarding the username to the TACACS+ server.
• strip-suffix suffix --Enables per-suffix suffix stripping and specifies the string that must be matched for the suffix to be stripped.
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server
Note Both the suffix delimiter and the suffix must match for the suffix to be stripped from the full username. The default suffix delimiter of @ will be used if you do not specify a different suffix delimiter or set of suffix delimiters in .
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Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication
Command or Action domain-stripping strip-suffix cisco.com
Example:
Router(config)# tacacs-server domain-stripping strip-suffix cisco.net vrf myvrf
Purpose
• vrf vrf-name --Restricts the per-suffix stripping configuration to a VRF instance. The vrf-name argument specifies the name of a VRF.
Note You can configure a single ruleset to strip multiple specific suffixes by performing this step multiple times.
What to Do Next
You must perform the process in the Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication section.
Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication
VPDN tunnel authentication enables routers to authenticate the other tunnel endpoint before establishing a
VPDN tunnel. VPDN tunnel authentication is optional but highly recommended for L2TP, L2TPv3, and PPTP tunnels.
By default, the router will use the hostname as the tunnel name in VPDN tunnel authentication. If a local name is configured under a VPDN group, the router will use the local name when negotiating authentication for tunnels belonging to that VPDN group.
For NAS-initiated VPDN deployments VPDN deployments, tunnel authentication requires that a single shared secret be configured on both the NAS and the tunnel server. For L2TP tunnels, the password can be configured using the hostname, the local name, or the L2TP tunnel password.
For client-initiated VPDN tunneling deployments, tunnel authentication requires that a single shared secret be configured on both the client and the tunnel server. The available authentication configuration options depend on the tunneling protocol being used.
For L2TPv3 client-initiated VPDN tunnels, the shared secret can be configured on the local peer router and the tunnel server in either of these ways:
• In an L2TP class configuration. Perform the task Configuring L2TP Control Channel Authentication
Parameters in the Configuring Client-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling module instead of the process documented in this section.
• Using the hostname of the router as described in the process documented in this section.
For L2TP client-initiated VPDN tunnels, the shared secret can be configured on the tunnel server using the hostname, the local name, or the L2TP tunnel password as described the process documented in this section.
The shared secret can be configured on the local peer router in either of these ways:
• In an L2TP class configuration. Perform the task Configuring L2TP Control Channel Authentication
Parameters in the Configuring Client-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling module instead of the process documented in this section.
• Using the hostname of the router as described in the process documented in this section.
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Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication
For PPTP client-initiated VPDN tunnels, authentication parameters can be configured by using the hostname or the local name as described in the process documented in this section.
To configure VPDN tunnel authentication, you must perform one of the following tasks on the NAS and the tunnel server as required. You need not choose the same method to configure the secret on the NAS and the tunnel server. However, the configured password must be the same on both devices.
VPDN tunnel authentication is optional for L2TP tunnels. Perform this task on the NAS and the tunnel server if you want to disable VPDN tunnel authentication:
Prerequisites
AAA must be enabled. See the Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server section.
Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication Using the Hostname
Perform this task on the NAS or tunnel server to configure VPDN tunnel authentication using the hostname.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
hostname name
4.
username name password secret
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
hostname name
Example:
Router(config)# hostname tunnelserver12 username name password secret
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Specifies or modifies the hostname for the network server.
Establishes a username-based authentication system.
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Command or Action
Example:
Router(config)# username nas4 password mysecret
Purpose
• The specified username must be the name of the remote router.
• The secret password must be the same on both routers.
What to Do Next
• Once you have configured a secret password on one tunnel endpoint, you must configure the same tunnel secret on the corresponding tunnel endpoint.
Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication Using the Local Name
Perform this task on the NAS or tunnel server to configure VPDN tunnel authentication using the local name.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
local name host-name
5.
exit
6.
username name password secret
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
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Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Command or Action
vpdn-group name
Purpose
Enters VPDN group configuration mode and creates a VPDN group.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group mygroup
local name host-name
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# local name tunnelserver2
Specifies a local hostname that the tunnel will use to identify itself.
exit Exits VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# exit username name password secret
Example:
Router(config)# username nas7 password mysecret
Establishes a username-based authentication system.
•
• The specified username must be the name of the remote router.
The secret password must be the same on both routers.
What to Do Next
• Once you have configured a secret password on one tunnel endpoint, you must configure the same tunnel secret on the corresponding tunnel endpoint.
Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication Using the L2TP Tunnel Password
Perform this task on the NAS or tunnel server to configure VPDN tunnel authentication using the L2TP tunnel password. This task can be used only for VPDN tunnel authentication of L2TP tunnels.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
l2tp tunnel password password
5.
local name host-name
6.
exit
7.
username name password secret
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DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name Enters VPDN group configuration mode and creates a VPDN group.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group mygroup l2tp tunnel password password Sets the password that the router will use to authenticate the tunnel.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password mysecret
local name host-name
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# local name tunnelserver2
(Optional) Specifies a local hostname that the tunnel will use to identify itself.
• You must perform this step if the remote router does not use the L2TP tunnel password.
exit
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
(Optional) Exits VPDN group configuration mode.
• You must perform this step only if the remote router does not use the L2TP tunnel password method of VPDN tunnel authentication.
username
Example:
name password secret
Router(config)# username nas64 password mysecret
(Optional) Establishes a username-based authentication system.
• You need to perform this step only if the remote router does not use the L2TP tunnel password method of VPDN tunnel authentication.
• The specified username must be the name of the remote router.
• The password must be the same on both routers.
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Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication
What to Do Next
• Once you have configured a secret password on one tunnel endpoint, you must configure the same tunnel secret on the corresponding tunnel endpoint.
Disabling VPDN Tunnel Authentication for L2TP Tunnels
Perform this task to disable VPDN tunnel authentication for L2TP tunnels. You must perform this task on both the NAS and the tunnel server to disable VPDN tunnel authentication.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
no l2tp tunnel authentication
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group mygroup no l2tp tunnel authentication
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# no l2tp tunnel authentication
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enters VPDN group configuration mode and creates a
VPDN group.
Disables L2TP tunnel authentication.
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Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting for L2TP VPDNs
Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting for L2TP VPDNs
The new RADIUS tunnel accounting types are used with the RADIUS accounting attribute Acct-Status-Type
(attribute 40), which indicates whether an accounting request marks the beginning of user service (start) or the end (stop).
Perform this task to configure a NAS or tunnel server to send tunnel and tunnel-link accounting records to the remote RADIUS server.
Before You Begin
• You must perform the tasks in the
Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server, on page 30
.
• You must configure the router to use a remote RADIUS AAA server as described in the
Remote AAA for VPDNs, on page 31
.
• You must perform the tasks in the "Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication" section.
Note RADIUS tunnel accounting is supported only for VPDNs using the L2TP protocol.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
aaa accounting network default | list-name } { start-stop | stop-only | wait-start | none group groupname
4.
vpdn tunnel accounting network list-name
5.
vpdn session accounting network list-name
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal aaa accounting network default | list-name }
{ start-stop | stop-only | wait-start | none
group groupname
Enables network accounting.
• default --If the default network accounting method-list is configured and no additional accounting configurations are enabled on the
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Configuring Authentication of L2TP Tunnels at the Tunnel Terminator Remote RADIUS AAA Server
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action
Example:
Router(config)# aaa accounting network list1 start-stop group radius
Purpose interface, network accounting is enabled by default. If either the vpdn session accounting network command or the vpdn tunnel accounting network command is linked to the default method-list, all tunnel and tunnel-link accounting records are enabled for those sessions.
• list-name --The list-name defined in the aaa accounting command must be the same as the list-name defined in the VPDN command; otherwise, accounting will not occur.
vpdn tunnel accounting network list-name Enables Tunnel-Start, Tunnel-Stop, and Tunnel-Reject accounting records.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel accounting network list1
• list-name --The list-name must match the list-name defined in the aaa accounting command; otherwise, network accounting will not occur.
vpdn session accounting network list-name Enables Tunnel-Link-Start, Tunnel-Link-Stop, and Tunnel-Link-Reject accounting records.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn session accounting network list1
• list-name --The list-name must match the list-name defined in the aaa accounting command; otherwise, network accounting will not occur.
Configuring Authentication of L2TP Tunnels at the Tunnel Terminator Remote
RADIUS AAA Server
For L2TP tunnels, you can configure the device that terminates the VPDN tunnel to perform remote RADIUS
AAA. A remote RADIUS AAA server can be used to perform VPDN tunnel authentication on the tunnel terminator as follows:
• Using a remote RADIUS AAA server on the tunnel server for dial-in VPDNs
• Using a remote RADIUS AAA server on the NAS for dial-out VPDNs
Perform this task on the remote RADIUS AAA server to configure the RADIUS server to authenticate VPDN tunnels at the device that terminates the tunnel.
Before You Begin
• The RADIUS server must be configured for AAA. For more information on configuring remote RADIUS
AAA servers, see the "Additional References" section.
• The service type in the RADIUS user profile for the tunnel initiator should always be set to "Outbound."
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Note This task applies only when the device that terminates the VPDN tunnel is performing remote RADIUS
AAA. To configure the tunnel terminator to perform remote RADIUS AAA, perform the task in the
"Configuring the Tunnel Terminator for Remote RADIUS AAA for L2TP Tunnels" section.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
service type = Outbound
2.
tunnel-type = protocol
3.
Cisco:Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:dout-dialer = NAS-dialer-number
4.
Cisco:Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:vpdn-vtemplate = vtemplate-number
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action
service type = Outbound
Purpose
Specifies the service type.
Example: service type = Outbound
tunnel-type = protocol Specifies the tunneling protocol.
Note L2TP is the only valid protocol for this task.
Example: tunnel-type = l2tp
Cisco:Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:dout-dialer =
NAS-dialer-number
Example:
Cisco:Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:dout-dialer = 2
Specifies which dialer to use on the NAS for dial-out configuration.
Note Perform this step only for dial-out configurations.
Cisco:Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:vpdn-vtemplate = vtemplate-number
Specifies the virtual template number to use on the tunnel server for dial-in configuration.
Note
Example:
Cisco:Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:vpdn-vtemplate =
1
Note
Perform this step only for dial-in configurations.
This configuration is optional if the vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template command is used in the task in the
Configuring the Tunnel Terminator for Remote
RADIUS AAA for L2TP Tunnels, on page 34
.
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Configuring Tunnel Assignments on the NAS Remote RADIUS AAA Server
Configuring Tunnel Assignments on the NAS Remote RADIUS AAA Server
Tunnel assignments allow the grouping of users from different per-user or domain RADIUS profiles into the same active tunnel. This functionality prevents the establishment of duplicate tunnels when the tunnel type, tunnel endpoints, and tunnel assignment ID are identical.
Perform this task on the NAS remote RADIUS AAA server for each user and domain that you want to group into the same tunnel.
Before You Begin
The RADIUS server must be configured for AAA.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
Do one of the following:
• user @ domain.com Password = " secret " Service-Type = Outbound
• user.domain.com Password = " secret " Service-Type = Outbound
2.
tunnel-type = protocol
3.
tunnel-server-endpoint = ip-address
4.
tunnel-assignment-id = name
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action Purpose
Do one of the following:
• user @ domain.com Password = " secret "
Service-Type = Outbound
Specifies the user or domain, the tunnel password, and the service type.
• user.domain.com Password = " secret "
Service-Type = Outbound
Step 2
Example: [email protected] Password = "cisco" Service-Type
= Outbound
Example: user.cisco.com Password = "cisco" Service-Type
= Outbound
tunnel-type = protocol
Example: tunnel-type = l2tp
Specifies the tunneling protocol used.
• The tunnel type must be identical for users to be grouped into the same tunnel.
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Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action
tunnel-server-endpoint = ip-address
Example: tunnel-server-endpoint = 10.1.1.1
tunnel-assignment-id = name
Example: tunnel-assignment-id = group1
Purpose
Specifies the IP address of the tunnel server that calls from the specified user or domain are tunneled to.
• The tunnel server endpoint must be identical for users to be grouped into the same tunnel.
Specifies the tunnel ID that calls from the specified user or domain are assigned.
• The tunnel assignment ID must be identical for users to be grouped into the same tunnel.
Configuring Secure Tunnel Authentication Names on the NAS Remote RADIUS
AAA Server
The NAS AAA server can be configured with authentication names other than the default names for the NAS and the NAS AAA server, providing a higher level of security during VPDN tunnel establishment.
RADIUS tunnel authentication name attributes allows you to specify a name other than the default name for the tunnel initiator and for the tunnel terminator. These authentication names are specified using RADIUS tunnel attributes 90 and 91.
Perform this task on the remote RADIUS AAA server. This task applies to NAS-initiated tunnels using either
L2TP or L2F.
Before You Begin
• The RADIUS server must be configured for AAA.
• The NAS must be able to recognize RADIUS attributes 90 and 91.
• The RADIUS server must support tagged attributes to use RADIUS tunnel attributes 90 and 91. Tagged attributes are defined in RFC 2868, RADIUS Tunnel Authentication Attributes .
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
Do one of the following:
• user @ example.com Password = " secret " Service-Type = Outbound
• user.example.com Password = " secret " Service-Type = Outbound
2.
tunnel-client-auth-id = { :1 | :2 } : " NAS-name "
3.
tunnel-server-auth-id = { :1 | :2 } : " tunnel-server-name "
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Configuring L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action
Do one of the following:
• user @ example.com Password = " secret "
Service-Type = Outbound
• user.example.com Password = " secret "
Service-Type = Outbound
Purpose
Specifies the user or domain, the tunnel password, and the service type.
Step 2
Step 3
Example: [email protected] Password = "cisco" Service-Type =
Outbound
Example: user.cisco.com Password = "cisco" Service-Type =
Outbound tunnel-client-auth-id = { :1 | :2 } : " NAS-name "
Example: tunnel-client-auth-id = :2:NAS36 tunnel-server-auth-id = { :1 | :2 } : " tunnel-server-name "
Example: tunnel-server-auth-id = :2:TS14
Specifies the name used by the NAS when it authenticates tunnel setup with the tunnel server.
• :1 --Specifies L2F tunnels.
• :2 --Specifies L2TP tunnels.
Specifies the name used by the tunnel server when it authenticates tunnel setup with the NAS.
• :1 --Specifies L2F tunnels.
• :2 --Specifies L2TP tunnels.
Configuring L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information
Configuring L2TP Forwarding of the PPPoE Tagging Information
On the LAC, perform these steps to configure L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information to populate the circuit-id tag in the nas-port-id attribute and the remote-id tag in the calling-station-id attribute on the
LNS.
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SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
dsl-line-info-forwarding
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group pppoe-group dsl-line-info-forwarding
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# dsl-line-info-forwarding exit
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Enables the processing of the received PPPoE Vendor-Specific tag in the PADR packet, and sends a matching VSA to the
AAA server in RADIUS access and accounting requests.
Exits VPDN group configuration mode.
Overriding L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tag Information
You can configure the L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information feature to override the following
VSA:
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Overriding nas-port VSA with circuit-id
To override the population of the circuit-id tag in the nas-port-id attribute on the LNS, perform these steps on the LNS.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
radius-server attribute 87 circuit-id
4.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal radius-server attribute 87 circuit-id
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server attribute 87 circuit-id exit
Example:
Router(config)# exit
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Overrides the NAS-Port-Id attribute with the Circuit-ID attribute in RADIUS access and accounting requests.
Exits the current mode.
Overriding calling-station-id VSA with remote-id
To override the calling-station-id VSA with the remote-id on the LNS, perform these steps:
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SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
radius-server attribute 31 remote-id
4.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router # configure terminal radius-server attribute 31 remote-id
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server attribute 31 remote-id exit
Example:
Router(config)# exit
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Overrides the calling-station-id attribute with Remote-ID attribute in RADIUS access and accounting requests.
Exits the current mode.
Removing L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tag Information
Outgoing PADO and PADS packets will have the DSLAM-inserted Vendor-Specific Line-Id tag, and DSLAM must strip the Circuit-Id tag from the packets. If the DSLAM cannot strip the tag, the BRAS must remove it before sending out the packets. This task is accomplished through configuration of the vendor-tag remote-id strip command under BBA group configuration mode.
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Configuring L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE Tagging Information
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
bba-group pppoe group-name
4.
vendor-tag remote-id strip
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
bba-group pppoe group-name Defines a PPPoE profile and enters BBA group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# bba-group pppoe pppoe-group vendor-tag remote-id strip
Example:
Router(config-bba-group)# vendor-tag remote-id strip
Enables the BRAS to strip off incoming Vendor-Specific
Remote-Id tags from outgoing PADO and PADS packets.
Displaying the Session Activity Log
When the radius-server attribute nas-port format d global configuration command is added to the PPPoE
Circuit-Id Tag Processing feature configuration on the BRAS (see the
Tunnel Authorization Search Order, on page 80
for an example), the report from the debug radius privileged
EXEC command will include information about the incoming access interface, where discovery frames are received, and about the session being established in PPPoE extended NAS-Port format (format d).
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
Enable the debug radius command to display a report of session activity. In the example shown in this section:
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DETAILED STEPS
Enable the debug radius command to display a report of session activity. In the example shown in this section:
• The acct_session_id is 79 or 4F in hexadecimal format.
• In the message Acct-session-id pre-pended with Nas Port = 0/0/0/200 , the interface on which the PPPoE discovery frames arrived is FastEthernet0/0.200. The 0/0/0 is Cisco format for slot/subslot/port.
• The Acct-Session-Id vendor-specific attribute 44 contains the string 0/0/0/200_0000004F , which is a combination of the ingress interface and the session identifier.
Note Strings of interest in the debug radius output log are presented in bold text for purpose of example only.
Example:
Router# debug radius
02:10:49: RADIUS(0000003F): Config NAS IP: 0.0.0.0
02:10:49: RADIUS/ENCODE(0000003F): acct_session_id: 79
02:10:49: RADIUS(0000003F): sending
02:10:49: RADIUS/ENCODE: Best Local IP-Address 10.0.58.141 for Radius-Server 172.20.164.143
02:10:49: RADIUS(0000003F): Send Access-Request to 172.20.164.143:1645 id 1645/65, len 98
02:10:49: RADIUS: authenticator 1C 9E B0 A2 82 51 C1 79 - FE 24 F4 D1 2F 84 F5 79
02:10:49: RADIUS: Framed-Protocol [7] 6 PPP [1]
02:10:49: RADIUS: User-Name
02:10:49: RADIUS: CHAP-Password
[1] 7 "peer1"
[3] 19 *
[15] 02:10:49: RADIUS: NAS-Port-Type
02:10:49: RADIUS: NAS-Port
02:10:49: RADIUS: NAS-Port-Id
02:10:49: RADIUS: Service-Type
02:10:49: RADIUS: NAS-IP-Address
[61] 6 Ethernet
[5] 6 200
[87] 22 "FastEthernet6/0.200:"
[6] 6 Framed
[4] 6 10.0.58.141
[2]
02:10:49: RADIUS: Received from id 1645/65 172.20.164.143:1645, Access-Accept, len 32 02:10:49:
RADIUS: authenticator 06 45 84 1B 27 1F A5 C3 - C3 C9 69 6E B9 C0 6F 94
02:10:49: RADIUS: Service-Type
02:10:49: RADIUS: Framed-Protocol
[6]
[7]
6 Framed
6 PPP
02:10:49: RADIUS(0000003F): Received from id 1645/65
02:10:49: [62]PPPoE 65: State LCP_NEGOTIATION Event PPP_LOCAL
[2]
[1]
02:10:49: PPPoE 65/SB: Sent vtemplate request on base Vi2
02:10:49: [62]PPPoE 65: State VACCESS_REQUESTED
02:10:49: [62]PPPoE 65: Vi2.1 interface obtained
Event VA_RESP
02:10:49: [62]PPPoE 65: State PTA_BINDING Event STAT_BIND
02:10:49: [62]PPPoE 65: data path set to Virtual Acess
02:10:49: [62]PPPoE 65: Connected PTA
02:10:49: [62]PPPoE 65: AAA get dynamic attrs
02:10:49: [62]PPPoE 65: AAA get dynamic attrs
02:10:49: RADIUS/ENCODE(0000003F):Orig. component type = PPoE
02:10:49: RADIUS/ENCODE(0000003F): Acct-session-id pre-pended with Nas Port = 0/0/0/200
02:10:49: RADIUS(0000003F): Config NAS IP: 0.0.0.0
02:10:49: RADIUS(0000003F): sending
02:10:49: RADIUS/ENCODE: Best Local IP-Address 10.0.58.141 for Radius-Server 172.20.164.143
02:10:49: RADIUS(0000003F): Send Accounting-Request to 172.20.164.143:1646 id 1 646/42, len 117
02:10:49: RADIUS: authenticator 57 24 38 1A A3 09 62 42 - 55 2F 41 71 38 E1 CC 24
02:10:49: RADIUS: Acct-Session-Id [44] 20 "0/0/0/200_0000004F"
02:10:49: RADIUS: Framed-Protocol
02:10:49: RADIUS: User-Name
[7]
[1]
6 PPP
7 "peer1"
[1]
02:10:49: RADIUS: Acct-Authentic
02:10:49: RADIUS: Acct-Status-Type
02:10:49: RADIUS: NAS-Port-Type
02:10:49: RADIUS: NAS-Port
02:10:49: RADIUS: NAS-Port-Id
[45]
[5]
[87]
6 RADIUS
[40] 6 Start
[61] 6 Ethernet
6
22
200
"FastEthernet6/0.200:"
[1]
[1]
[15]
02:10:49: RADIUS: Service-Type
02:10:49: RADIUS: NAS-IP-Address
02:10:49: RADIUS: Acct-Delay-Time
[6] 6 Framed
[4] 6 10.0.58.141
[41] 6 0
[2]
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02:10:49: RADIUS: Received from id 1646/42 172.20.164.143:1646, Accounting-resp onse, len 20
02:10:49: RADIUS: authenticator 34 84 7E B2 F4 40 B2 7C - C5 B2 4E 98 78 03 8B C0
Configuring L2TP Override Forwarding rx-speed and tx-speed Values Received from PPPoE
By default, L2TP obtains the receive-speed (rx-speed) and transmit-speed (tx-speed) values from PPPoE and sends the values to LNS. To override L2TP forwarding of the rx-speed and tx-speed values received from
PPPoE, the rx-speed and the tx-speed values should be configured in the RADIUS server, or by using the l2tp rx-speed and l2tp tx-speed commands in VPDN group configuration or VPDN template configuration mode.
The speed values are configured in kbps.
Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values When the RADIUS Server Is Not Used
When the RADIUS server is not used, the rx-speed and the tx-speed values can be configured in VPDN group configuration or VPDN template configuration mode. The rx-speed and tx-speed values configured in VPDN group configuration mode are specific to the tunnel and are sent to all sessions under the tunnel.
Perform this task to configure rx-speed and tx-speed values in VPDN group configuration or VPDN template configuration mode when the RADIUS server is not used.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn enable
4.
Do one of the following:
• vpdn-group name
• vpdn-template name
5.
l2tp rx-speed value
6.
l2tp tx-speed value
7.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn enable
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn enable
Do one of the following:
• vpdn-group name
• vpdn-template name
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables VPDN on the router.
Enters VPDN group configuration mode.
or
Enters VPDN template configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-template 1
l2tp rx-speed value
Example:
Sends the rx-speed value to LNS.
• If the rx-speed value is not provided, L2TP receives the rx-speed value from PPPoE.
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp rx-speed 15000
l2tp tx-speed value
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tx-speed 15000
Note The command is the same irrespective of whether it is entered from VPDN group configuration or VPDN template configuration mode. These steps show how to enter the command from VPDN group configuration mode.
Sends the tx-speed value to LNS.
• If the tx-speed value is not provided, L2TP receives the tx-speed value from PPPoE.
end Exits VPDN group configuration mode and returns to privileged
EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# end
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Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values on the RADIUS Server
You can configure the rx-speed and tx-speed values on the RADIUS server by Specifying the rx-speed and tx-speed values on the RADIUS server.
The values configured for rx-speed and tx-speed are session oriented. L2TP stores the rx-speed and tx-speed values for every session by using the vpdn-authen-before-forward command configured on LAC.
The steps for configuring the default rx-speed and tx-speed values on the RADIUS server are the same as configuring the rx-speed and tx-speed values when the RADIUS server is not used. For configuring rx-speed and tx-speed values on the RADIUS server, see the Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values When the
RADIUS Server Is Not Used section.
Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values from ANCP on the RADIUS Server
ANCP sends the upstream and downstream values to L2TP. The upstream value is the rx-speed value and the downstream value is the tx-speed value.
Perform this task on the RADIUS server to configure rx-speed and tx-speed values from ANCP.
Before You Begin
• The quality of service (QoS) policy must be attached to PPPoE between the client and the LAC.
• The ANCP session and the ANCP neighbor session must be started.
• The average rate traffic shaping value must be configured for the default class by using the shape average command in policy-map class configuration mode.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn enable
4.
Do one of the following:
• vpdn-group name
• vpdn-template name
5.
l2tp rx-speed ancp [ value ]
6.
l2tp tx-speed ancp [ value ]
7.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Command or Action
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn enable
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn enable
Do one of the following:
• vpdn-group name
• vpdn-template name
Purpose
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables VPDN on the router.
Enters VPDN group configuration mode.
or
Enters VPDN template configuration mode.
Step 5
Step 6
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-template 1 l2tp rx-speed ancp [ value ]
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp rx-speed ancp 15000
Sends the rx-speed value to LNS if a value is not configured for ANCP.
• If the rx-speed value is not configured for ANCP and the rx-speed value is not provided in the command, L2TP sends the rx-speed value configured in VPDN group configuration or VPDN template configuration mode.
• If the rx-speed value is not configured in VPDN group configuration or
VPDN template configuration mode, L2TP sends the average rate traffic shaping value to LNS.
• For ATM interfaces, if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured, L2TP sends the rx-speed value configured in VC-class configuration mode. If the rx-speed value is not configured in VC-class configuration mode, L2TP sends the rx-speed value obtained from PPPoE.
• For Ethernet interfaces, if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured, L2TP sends the rx-speed value obtained from PPPoE.
l2tp tx-speed ancp [ value ] Sends the tx-speed value to LNS if a value is not configured for ANCP.
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Command or Action
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tx-speed ancp 15000
Purpose
• If the tx-speed value is not configured for ANCP and the tx-speed is not provided in the command, L2TP sends the tx-speed value configured in
VPDN group configuration or VPDN template configuration mode.
• If the tx-speed value is not configured in VPDN group configuration or
VPDN template configuration mode, L2TP sends the average rate traffic shaping value to LNS.
• For ATM interfaces, if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured, L2TP sends the peak cell rate (PCR) value configured in
VC-class configuration mode using the vbr-nrt command. If the tx-speed value is not configured in VC-class configuration mode, L2TP sends the tx-speed value obtained from PPPoE.
• For Ethernet interfaces, if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured, L2TP sends the tx-speed value obtained from PPPoE.
Exits VPDN group configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 7 end
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# end
Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values from RAM-min on the RADIUS Server
Perform this task on the RADIUS server to configure the rx-speed and tx-speed values from RAM-min.
Before You Begin
• The quality of service (QoS) policy must be attached to PPPoE between the client and the LAC.
• The average rate traffic shaping value must be configured for the default class using shape average command in policy-map class configuration mode.
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SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn enable
4.
Do one of the following:
• vpdn-group name
• vpdn-template name
5.
l2tp rx-speed ram-min [ value ]
6.
l2tp tx-speed ram-min [ value ]
7.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn enable
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn enable
Do one of the following:
• vpdn-group name
• vpdn-template name
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables VPDN on the router.
Enters VPDN group configuration mode.
or
Enters VPDN template configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-template 1
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Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action l2tp rx-speed ram-min
Example:
[ value ]
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp rx-speed ram-min 15000
Purpose
Sends the rx-speed value to LNS if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured.
• For ATM interfaces, if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured and the rx-speed value is not provided in the command,
L2TP sends the rx-speed value configured in VC-class configuration mode. If the rx-speed value is not configured in VC-class configuration mode, L2TP sends the rx-speed value obtained from PPPoE.
• For Ethernet interfaces, if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured and the rx-speed value is not provided in the command,
L2TP sends the rx-speed value obtained from PPPoE.
l2tp tx-speed ram-min
Example:
[ value ]
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tx-speed ram-min 15000
Sends the tx-speed value to LNS if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured.
• For ATM interfaces, if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured and the tx-speed value is not provided in the command,
L2TP sends the peak cell rate (PCR) value configured using the vbr-nrt command in VC-class configuration mode. If the tx-speed value is not configured in VC-class configuration mode, L2TP sends the tx-speed value obtained from PPPoE.
• For Ethernet interfaces, if the average rate traffic shaping value is not configured and the tx-speed value is not provided in the command,
L2TP sends the tx-speed value obtained from PPPoE.
end Exits VPDN group configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# end
Configuring LNS Address Checking
To allow a LAC to check the IP address of the LNS sending traffic to it during the setup of an L2TP tunnel, thus providing a check for uplink and downlink traffic arriving from different interfaces, follow this procedure.
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SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn enable
4.
vpdn-group name
5.
l2tp security ip address-check
6.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn enable
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn enable
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group example l2tp security ip address-check
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp security ip address-check exit
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables virtual private dialup networking on the router and informs the router to look for tunnel definitions in a local database or on a remote authorization server (home gateway), if one is present.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Configures the LNS to compare the IP addresses contained in the inbound and outbound message to ensure they are identical. If the
IP addresses to not match, the L2TP tunnel is not established.
Exits VPDN group configuration mode.
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Configuring Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling
Configuring Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling
Identifying an LNS in a Dead-Cache State
With the Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling feature, you can use the show vpdn dead-cache command to display the status of an LNS in an LSG on a LAC and determine if an LNS is not responding (dead-cache state). The show vpdn dead-cache command displays the IP address of the nonresponding LNS, and a time entry showing how long the LNS has been down.
This procedure shows how to use the show vpdn dead-cache command to display the status of an LNS to determine if it is in a dead-cache state. An LNS in a dead-cache state cannot establish new sessions or calls.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show vpdn dead-cache { group name | all }
3.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable show vpdn dead-cache { group name | all }
Example:
Router# show vpdn dead-cache all exit
Example:
Router# exit
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Displays the status of any LNS in a dead-cache state, including how long the entry has been in the dead-cache state.
Exits privileged EXEC mode.
Clearing an LNS in a Dead-Cache State
With the Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling feature, you can use the clear vpdn dead-cache command to clear an LNS entry in the dead-cache based on the IP address of the LNS, clear all LNS dead-cache states in a VPDN group, or clear all dead-cache LNS entries. If you clear an LNS based on its IP address, and the LNS is associated with more than one VPDN group, the LNS is cleared in all the associated VPDN groups.
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This procedure shows how to clear an LNS in a dead-cache state. Once an entry clears from the dead-cache state, the entry is available for new session establishments and calls.
Before You Begin
Perform this procedure on the LAC.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
clear vpdn dead-cache { group name | ip-address ip-address | all }
3.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable clear vpdn dead-cache { group name | ip-address ip-address | all }
Example:
Router# clear vpdn dead-cache ip-address
10.10.10.1
exit
Example:
Router# exit
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Clears the designated LNS from the dead-cache state.
Exits privileged EXEC mode.
Generating an SNMP Event for a Dead-Cache Entry
If you are a manager responsible for a large number of devices, and each device has a large number of objects, it is impractical for you to poll or request information from every object on every device. SNMP trap-directed notification alerts you without solicitation, by sending a message known as a trap of the event. After you receive the event, you can display it and can choose to take an appropriate action based on the event.
To generate an SNMP event when an LNS exits or enters the dead-cache state, follow this procedure.
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SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
snmp-server enable traps vpdn dead-cache
4.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal snmp-server enable traps vpdn dead-cache Enables the generation of an SNMP event whenever an
LNS enters or exits the dead-cache state.
Example:
Router(config)# snmp-server enable traps vpdn dead-cache exit Exits global configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# exit
Generating a Syslog Event for a Dead-Cache Entry
To view a syslog event when an LNS is added, deleted, or cleared from a dead-cache state, configure the vpdn logging dead-cache command. You can use syslog events to help troubleshoot networks.
The table below summarizes the syslog messages generated by using the vpdn logging dead-cache command.
Table 7: VPDN Logging Dead-Cache Events
Syslog Message Description
MM:DD:hh:mm:ss %VPDN-6-VPDN_DEADCACHE_EVENT:
LSG dead cache entry <ip-address> added
Added--An entry in the LSG table enters DOWN status, which marks it a dead-cache entry.
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Syslog Message Description
MM:DD:hh:mm:ss %VPDN-6-VPDN_DEADCACHE_EVENT:
LSG dead cache entry <ip-address> deleted
Deleted--An entry in the LSG table is removed from DOWN status, which deletes its dead-cache entry from the table.
MM:DD:hh:mm:ss %VPDN-6-VPDN_DEADCACHE_EVENT:
LSG dead cache entry <ip-address> cleared
Cleared--An entry in the LSG table is manually cleared.
To generate a syslog event when an LNS enters or exits the dead-cache state, follow this procedure.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn logging dead-cache
4.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn logging dead-cache
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn logging dead-cache exit
Example:
Router(config)# exit
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables the generation of a syslog event when an LNS enters or exits the dead-cache state.
Exits global configuration mode.
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Configuration Examples for AAA for VPDNs
Configuration Examples for AAA for VPDNs
Examples Configuring the VPDN Tunnel Authorization Search Order
The following configuration example enables VPDN and configures a tunnel authorization search order that will be used instead of the default search order of DNIS number, then domain.
vpdn enable vpdn search-order domain dnis
The following example enables VPDN and multihop, and configures a tunnel authorization search order of multihop hostname first, then domain, then DNIS number. This configuration is used only on a tunnel switch.
vpdn enable vpdn multihop vpdn search-order multihop-hostname domain dnis
Examples Configuring per-User VPDN on the NAS
The following example enables VPDN and configures global per-user VPDN on the NAS for all dial-in VPDN tunnels. The first time the NAS contacts the remote RADIUS AAA server, the entire structured username will be sent rather than just the domain name or DNIS number.
vpdn enable vpdn authen-before-forward
The following example enables VPDN and configures per-user VPDN on the NAS for dial-in VPDN tunnels belonging to the VPDN group named cisco1. The first time the NAS contacts the remote RADIUS AAA server, the entire structured username will be sent rather than just the domain name or DNIS number.
vpdn enable vpdn-group cisco1 request-dialin protocol l2tp exit authen-before-forward
Examples Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server
The following example enables VPDN and local authentication and authorization on the NAS or the tunnel server: vpdn enable
!
aaa new-model aaa authentication login default local aaa authentication ppp default local aaa authorization network default local
The following examples enables VPDN and configures the NAS and the tunnel server for dial-in VPDN tunnels when remote RADIUS AAA authentication occurs at the NAS:
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Examples Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs on the L2TP Tunnel Terminator
NAS Configuration vpdn enable
!
aaa new-model aaa authentication login default radius aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default radius aaa accounting network default start-stop radius radius-server host 10.1.1.1 auth-port 1939 acct-port 1443 vpdn aaa untagged
Tunnel Server Configuration vpdn enable
!
aaa new-model aaa authentication login default radius aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default radius aaa accounting network default start-stop radius vpdn aaa attribute nas-ip-address vpdn-nas vpdn aaa untagged
The Basic TACACS+ Configuration Example document provides a basic configuration of TACACS+ for user dialup authentication to a NAS.
Examples Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs on the L2TP Tunnel Terminator
The following example enables VPDN and configures the NAS and the tunnel server for dial-in VPDN tunnels with remote RADIUS AAA authentication occurring at the tunnel server. A sample RADIUS user profile for the remote RADIUS AAA server is also shown.
NAS Configuration vpdn enable
!
aaa new-model aaa authentication login default radius aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default radius aaa accounting network default start-stop radius radius-server host 10.1.1.1 auth-port 1939 acct-port 1443 vpdn aaa untagged
Tunnel Server Configuration vpdn enable
!
aaa new-model aaa authentication login default radius aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default mymethodlist group myvpdngroup radius-server host 10.2.2.2 auth-port 1939 acct-port 1443 aaa group server radius myvpdngroup server 10.2.2.2 auth-port 1939 acct-port 1443
!
vpdn tunnel authorization network mymethodlist vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template 1
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Examples Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users
RADIUS User Profile csidtw13 Password = "cisco"
Service-Type = Outbound,
Tunnel-Type = :0:L2TP,
Tunnel-Medium-Type = :0:IP,
Tunnel-Client-Auth-ID = :0:"csidtw13",
Tunnel-Password = :0:"cisco"
Cisco:Cisco-Avpair = "vpdn:vpdn-vtemplate=1"
Examples Configuring Directed Request Authorization of VPDN Users
The following example enables VPDN and configures remote RADIUS AAA with VPDN authentication of directed request users on the tunnel server: vpdn enable
!
aaa new-model aaa authentication login default radius aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default mymethodlist group myvpdngroup radius-server host 10.3.3.3 auth-port 1939 acct-port 1443 aaa group server radius myvpdngroup server 10.3.3.3 auth-port 1939 acct-port 1443
!
ip host example.com 10.3.3.3
radius-server directed-request vpdn authorize directed-request
The following example enables VPDN and configures per-user VPDN, remote TACACS+ AAA, and VPDN authentication of directed request users on the NAS: vpdn enable vpdn-group 1 request-dialin protocol l2tp domain example.com
!
initiate-to 10.3.3.3
local name local1 authen-before-forward
!
aaa new-model aaa authentication login default tacacs aaa authentication ppp default tacacs aaa authorization network default mymethod group mygroup radius-server host 10.4.4.4 auth-port 1201 acct-port 1450 aaa group server tacacs mygroup server 10.3.3.3 auth-port 1201 acct-port 1450
!
ip host example.com 10.3.3.3
radius-server directed-request vpdn authorize directed-request
Examples Configuring Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping
The following example configures the router to parse the username from right to left and sets the valid suffix delimiter characters as @, \, and $. If the full username is cisco/[email protected]$cisco.net, the username
will be forwarded to the RADIUS server because the $ character is the first valid delimiter encountered by the NAS when parsing the username from right to left.
radius-server domain-stripping right-to-left delimiter @\$
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Examples Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication
The following example configures the router to strip the domain name from usernames only for users associated with the VRF instance named abc. The default suffix delimiter @ will be used for generic suffix stripping.
radius-server domain-stripping vrf abc
The following example enables prefix stripping using the character / as the prefix delimiter. The default suffix delimiter character @ will be used for generic suffix stripping. If the full username is cisco/[email protected], the username user will be forwarded to the TACACS+ server.
tacacs-server domain-stripping prefix-delimiter /
The following example enables prefix stripping, specifies the character / as the prefix delimiter, and specifies the character # as the suffix delimiter. If the full username is cisco/[email protected]#cisco.net, the username [email protected]
will be forwarded to the RADIUS server.
radius-server domain-stripping prefix-delimiter / delimiter #
The following example enables prefix stripping, configures the character / as the prefix delimiter, configures the characters $, @, and # as suffix delimiters, and configures per-suffix stripping of the suffix cisco.com. If the full username is cisco/[email protected], the username user will be forwarded to the TACACS+ server. If the full username is cisco/[email protected]#cisco.com, the username “ [email protected]
” will be forwarded.
tacacs-server domain-stripping prefix-delimiter / delimiter $@# tacacs-server domain-stripping strip-suffix cisco.com
The following example configures the router to parse the username from right to left and enables suffix stripping for usernames with the suffix cisco.com. If the full username is cisco/[email protected]@cisco.com, the username cisco/[email protected]
will be forwarded to the RADIUS server. If the full username is cisco/[email protected]@cisco.net, the full username will be forwarded.
radius-server domain-stripping right-to-left radius-server domain-stripping strip-suffix cisco.com
The following example configures a set of global stripping rules that will strip the suffix cisco.com using the delimiter @, and a different set of stripping rules for usernames associated with the VRF named myvrf: radius-server domain-stripping strip-suffix cisco.com
!
radius-server domain-stripping prefix-delimiter # vrf myvrf radius-server domain-stripping strip-suffix cisco.net vrf myvrf
Examples Configuring VPDN Tunnel Authentication
The following example configures VPDN tunnel authentication using the hostname on a NAS and the local name on the tunnel server. Note that the secret password configured for each device matches.
NAS Configuration hostname NAS1 username tunnelserver1 password supersecret
Tunnel Server Configuration vpdn-group 1 local name tunnelserver1 exit username NAS1 password supersecret
The following example configures VPDN tunnel authentication using the local name on the NAS and the
L2TP tunnel password on the tunnel server. Note that the secret password configured for each device matches.
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Example Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting on a NAS
NAS Configuration vpdn-group 2 local name NAS6
!
username tunnelserver12 password verysecret
Tunnel Server Configuration vpdn-group 4 l2tp tunnel password verysecret local name tunnelserver12 exit username NAS6 password verysecret
The following example configures VPDN tunnel authentication using the L2TP tunnel password on both the
NAS and the tunnel server. Note that the secret password configured for each device matches.
NAS Configuration vpdn-group l2tp l2tp tunnel password rathersecret
Tunnel Server Configuration vpdn-group 46 l2tp tunnel password rathersecret
Example Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting on a NAS
The following example configures a NAS for remote AAA, configures a dial-in VPDN deployment, and enables the sending of tunnel and tunnel-link accounting records to the RADIUS server: aaa new-model
!
aaa authentication ppp default group radius aaa authorization network default local aaa accounting network m1 start-stop group radius aaa accounting network m2 stop-only group radius aaa session-id common enable secret 5 $1$IDjH$iL7puCja1RMlyOM.JAeuf/ enable password secret
!
username ISP-LAC password 0 tunnelpass
!
resource-pool disable
!
ip subnet-zero ip cef no ip domain-lookup ip host myhost 172.16.1.129
!
vpdn enable vpdn tunnel accounting network m1 vpdn session accounting network m1 vpdn search-order domain dnis
!
vpdn-group 1 request-dialin protocol l2tp domain cisco.com
initiate-to ip 10.1.26.71
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Example Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting on a Tunnel Server
!
local name ISP-LAC isdn switch-type primary-5ess
!
fax interface-type fax-mail mta receive maximum-recipients 0
!
controller T1 7/4 framing esf
!
linecode b8zs pri-group timeslots 1-24 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.1.27.74 255.255.255.0
no ip mroute-cache duplex half speed auto no cdp enable
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown duplex auto speed auto
!
no cdp enable interface Serial7/4:23 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp dialer string 2000 dialer-group 1 isdn switch-type primary-5ess ppp authentication chap
!
interface Group-Async0 no ip address shutdown group-range 1/00 3/107
!
ip default-gateway 10.1.27.254
ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.27.254
no ip http server ip pim bidir-enable
!
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit no cdp run
!
radius-server host 172.19.192.26 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key rad123 radius-server retransmit 3 call rsvp-sync
Example Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting on a Tunnel Server
The following example configures a tunnel server for remote AAA, configures a dial-in VPDN deployment, and enables the sending of tunnel and tunnel-link accounting records to the RADIUS server: aaa new-model
!
aaa accounting network m1 start-stop group radius aaa accounting network m2 stop-only group radius aaa session-id common enable secret 5 $1$ftf.$wE6Q5Yv6hmQiwL9pizPCg1
!
username ENT_LNS password 0 tunnelpass username [email protected] password 0 lab username [email protected] password 0 lab
!
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Example Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Accounting on a Tunnel Server spe 1/0 1/7 firmware location system:/ucode/mica_port_firmware
!
spe 2/0 2/9 firmware location system:/ucode/mica_port_firmware
!
resource-pool disable clock timezone est 2
!
ip subnet-zero no ip domain-lookup ip host CALLGEN-SECURITY-V2 10.24.80.28 10.47.0.0
ip host myhost 172.16.1.129
!
vpdn enable vpdn tunnel accounting network m1 vpdn session accounting network m1
!
vpdn-group 1 accept-dialin protocol l2tp virtual-template 1 terminate-from hostname ISP_NAS local name ENT_TS
!
isdn switch-type primary-5ess
!
fax interface-type modem mta receive maximum-recipients 0
!
interface Loopback0 ip address 10.0.0.101 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback1
!
ip address 10.0.0.201 255.255.255.0
interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.1.26.71 255.255.255.0
no ip mroute-cache no cdp enable
!
interface Virtual-Template1 ip unnumbered Loopback0 peer default ip address pool vpdn-pool1 ppp authentication chap
!
interface Virtual-Template2 ip unnumbered Loopback1 peer default ip address pool vpdn-pool2 ppp authentication chap
!
interface FastEthernet0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown duplex auto speed auto no cdp enable
!
ip local pool vpdn-pool1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.200
ip local pool vpdn-pool2 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.100
ip default-gateway 10.1.26.254
ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.26.254
ip route 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.255 10.1.26.254
no ip http server ip pim bidir-enable
!
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit no cdp run
!
radius-server host 172.16.192.80 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key rad123
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Example Configuring Tunnel Assignments on the NAS RADIUS AAA Server radius-server retransmit 3 call rsvp-sync
Example Configuring Tunnel Assignments on the NAS RADIUS AAA Server
The following examples configure the RADIUS server to group sessions in a tunnel:
Per-User Configuration [email protected] Password = "cisco" Service-Type = Outbound, tunnel-type = :1:L2TP, tunnel-server-endpoint = :1:"10.14.10.54", tunnel-assignment-Id = :1:"router" [email protected] Password = "cisco" Service-Type = Outbound, tunnel-type = :1:L2TP, tunnel-server-endpoint = :1:"10.14.10.54", tunnel-assignment-Id = :1:"router"
Domain Configuration eng.cisco.com Password = "cisco" Service-Type = Outbound, tunnel-type = :1:L2TP, tunnel-server-endpoint = :1:"10.14.10.54", tunnel-assignment-Id = :1:"router" sales.cisco.com Password = "cisco" Service-Type = Outbound, tunnel-type = :1:L2TP, tunnel-server-endpoint = :1:"10.14.10.54", tunnel-assignment-Id = :1:"router"
Examples Configuring rx-speed and tx-speed Values
The following example shows how to configure average rate traffic shaping value for the default class in policy-map class configuration mode: interface GigabitEthernet3/1/0.30880387
encapsulation dot1Q 3088 second-dot1q 20 ancp neighbor name ancp-neighbor id 0016.fa11.0488 client-ID "12.124.234.132/0.0.0.0 eth
3/4/1.32" pppoe enable group test2 service-policy output speed:ether:22000:1200:06/0
!
policy-map speed:ether:22000:1200:06/0 class class-default shape average 10281000 !10,281 Mbps is so-called Rate Adaptive Mode (RAM) MIN value!
!
The following example shows how to configure rx-speed and tx-speed values for an ATM interface when the rx-speed and tx-speed values, including 0, 0, are not configured in the RADIUS server. The average rate traffic shaping value is configured for the Ethernet interface. If the average rate traffic shaping value for the default class in policy-map class configuration mode is not configured, the rx-speed and tx-speed values specified in the l2tp rx-speed and l2tp tx-speed commands are configured for the ATM interface.
Interface ATM 1/0/4.2
vpdn-template 2 l2tp rx-speed ram-min 8000 l2tp tx-speed ram-min 8000
The following example shows how to configure rx-speed and tx-speed values for an Ethernet interface when the rx-speed and tx-speed values, including 0, 0, are not configured in the RADIUS server. The rx-speed and tx-speed values configured for ANCP is configured for the Ethernet interface. If the rx-speed and tx-speed
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Example Configuring Secure Authentication Names values are not configured for ANCP, the rx-speed and tx-speed values specified in the l2tp rx-speed and l2tp tx-speed commands are configured for the Ethernet interface.
Interface Ethernet 3/0/1.3
vpdn-template 1 l2tp rx-speed ancp 15000 l2tp tx-speed ancp 15000
Example Configuring Secure Authentication Names
The following is an example of a RADIUS user profile that includes RADIUS tunneling attributes 90 and 91.
This entry supports two tunnels, one for L2F and the other for L2TP. The tag entries with :1 support L2F tunnels, and the tag entries with :2 support L2TP tunnels.
cisco.com Password = "cisco", Service-Type = Outbound
Service-Type = Outbound,
Tunnel-Type = :1:L2F,
Tunnel-Medium-Type = :1:IP,
Tunnel-Client-Endpoint = :1:"10.0.0.2",
Tunnel-Server-Endpoint = :1:"10.0.0.3",
Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id = :1:"l2f-cli-auth-id",
Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id = :1:"l2f-svr-auth-id",
Tunnel-Assignment-Id = :1:"l2f-assignment-id",
Cisco-Avpair = "vpdn:nas-password=l2f-cli-pass",
Cisco-Avpair = "vpdn:gw-password=l2f-svr-pass",
Tunnel-Preference = :1:1,
Tunnel-Type = :2:L2TP,
Tunnel-Medium-Type = :2:IP,
Tunnel-Client-Endpoint = :2:"10.0.0.2",
Tunnel-Server-Endpoint = :2:"10.0.0.3",
Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id = :2:"l2tp-cli-auth-id",
Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id = :2:"l2tp-svr-auth-id",
Tunnel-Assignment-Id = :2:"l2tp-assignment-id",
Cisco-Avpair = "vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password=l2tp-tnl-pass",
Tunnel-Preference = :2:2
Examples Configuring LNS Address Checking
The following shows an example configuration for the client router.
hostname Client
!
enable password example
!
no aaa new-model
!
vpdn enable
!
bba-group pppoe 1 virtual-template 1
!
interface <interface toward LAC> pppoe enable group 1
!
interface Virtual-Template 1 ip unnumbered <interface> ppp pap [email protected]
!
end
The following shows an example configuration for the LAC.
hostname LAC
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Examples Configuring Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling
!
enable password example
!
no aaa new-model
!
vpdn enable
!
vpdn-group 1 request-dialin protocol l2tp domain example.com
initiate-to ip <lns 1 IP address>
!
l2tp tunnel password 0 example bba-group pppoe 1 virtual-template 1
!
interface Virtual-Template 1 no ip address ppp authentication pap
!
interface <interface> pppoe enable group 1
!
end
The following shows an example configuration for the LNS 1.
hostname LNS1
!
enable password example
!
aaa authentication ppp default local
!
vpdn enable
!
vpdn-group 1
!Default L2TP VPDN group accept-dialin protocol l2tp virtual-template 1
!
l2tp tunnel password 0 example vpdn-group 2 request-dialin protocol l2tp domain example.com
initiate-to ip <lns 2 IP address>
!
l2tp tunnel password 0 example interface Virtual-Template 1 ip unnumbered <interface>
!
ppp authentication pap end
Examples Configuring Modified LNS Dead-Cache Handling
The following show an example configuration from the show vpdn dead-cache all command:
Router> enable
Router# show vpdn dead-cache all vpdn-group exampleA ip address
192.168.2.2
down time
00:10:23 exampleB exampleB exampleB
192.168.4.2
192.168.4.3
192.168.4.4
00:10:16
00:10:15
00:10:12
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Where to Go Next
The following shows an example configuration to clear an LNS, based on its IP address, from the dead-cache state:
Router# clear vpdn dead-cache ip-address 192.168.4.4
Router#
*Sept. 30 22:58:32 %VPDN-6-VPDN_DEADCACHE_CHANGE: LSG dead cache entry 192.168.4.4 cleared
LAC# show vpdn dead-cache all vpdn-group ip address exampleA 192.168.2.2
down time
00:10:28 exampleB exampleB
192.168.4.2
192.168.4.3
00:10:21
00:10:20
The following shows an example configuration to clear an LNS group from the dead-cache state:
Router# clear vpdn dead-cache group exampleB
Router#
*Sept. 30 22:58:32 %VPDN-6-VPDN_DEADCACHE_CHANGE: LSG dead cache entry 192.168.4.2 cleared
*Sept. 30 22:58:32 %VPDN-6-VPDN_DEADCACHE_CHANGE: LSG dead cache entry 192.168.4.3 cleared
Router# show vpdn dead-cache all vpdn-group exampleA ip address
192.168.2.2
down time
00:10:31
Where to Go Next
Depending on the type of VPDN deployment you are configuring, you should perform the tasks in one of these modules:
• To configure a NAS-initiated tunneling deployment, proceed to the Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In
VPDN Tunneling module.
• To configure a multihop MMP or multihop tunnel switching VPDN deployment, proceed to the
Configuring Multihop VPDN module.
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
VPDN technology overview
VPDN commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Information about configuring AAA
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
VPDN Technology Overview module
Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
(AAA) module
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol
90
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Additional References
Related Topic
Information about configuring RADIUS and
TACACS
Security commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Document Title
Security Server Protocols module
Cisco IOS Security Command Reference
Dial Technologies commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Command Reference
Standards
Standard
DSL Forum 2004-72
Title
--
MIBs
MIB
• CISCO-VPDN-MGMT-MIB
• CISCO-VPDN-MGMT-EXT-MIB
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFC
RFC 2516
RFC 2867
RFC 2868
Title
A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet
(PPPoE)
RADIUS Accounting Modifications for Tunnel
Protocol Support
RADIUS Tunnel Authentication Attributes
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Feature Information for AAA for VPDNs
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for AAA for VPDNs
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 8: Feature Information for AAA for VPDNs
Feature Name Releases
Configurable Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping for the
RADIUS server
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
RADIUS Attribute 82: Tunnel
Assignment ID
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Feature Information
This feature allows the NAS to be configured to strip prefixes, suffixes, or both from the full username. The reformatted username is then forwarded to the remote AAA server.
The following command was introduced or modified by this feature: radius-server domain-stripping .
This feature allows the L2TP NAS to group users from different per-user or domain RADIUS profiles into the same active tunnel if the tunnel endpoints, tunnel type, and Tunnel-Assignment-ID are identical.
No commands were introduced or modified by this feature.
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Feature Information for AAA for VPDNs
Feature Name
RADIUS Tunnel Attribute
Extensions
RFC-2867 RADIUS Tunnel
Accounting
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Tunnel Authentication via
RADIUS on Tunnel Terminator
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
L2TP Forwarding of PPPoE
Tagging Information
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.4
Feature Information
This feature introduces RADIUS attribute 90 and RADIUS attribute
91. Both attributes help support the provision of compulsory tunneling in VPDNs by allowing the user to specify authentication names for the NAS and the RADIUS server.
No commands were introduced or modified by this feature.
This feature introduces six new
RADIUS accounting types that are used with the RADIUS accounting attribute Acct-Status-Type
(attribute 40), which indicates whether an accounting request marks the beginning of user service
(start) or the end (stop).
The following commands were introduced or modified by this feature: aaa accounting , vpdn session accounting network , vpdn tunnel accounting network .
This feature allows the L2TP tunnel server to perform remote authentication and authorization with RADIUS on incoming L2TP
NAS dial-in connection requests.
This feature also allows the L2TP
NAS to perform remote authentication and authorization with RADIUS on incoming L2TP tunnel server dial-out connection requests.
The following commands were introduced by this feature: vpdn tunnel authorization network , vpdn tunnel authorization password , vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template .
This feature was introduced on
Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers.
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Feature Information for AAA for VPDNs
Feature Name
LNS Address Checking
Modified LNS Dead-Cache
Handling
Configurable Domain Name Prefix and Suffix Stripping for the
TACACS+ server
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.4
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.4
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
ANCP values configuration support on LNS
Cisco IOS XE Release 3.2S
Feature Information
This feature allows an LAC, which is receiving data from a LNS, to check the IP address of the LNS prior to establishing an L2TP tunnel.
The following command was introduced by this feature: l2tp security ip address-check .
This feature displays and clears
(restarts) any LNS entry in a dead-cache (DOWN) state.
The following commands were introduced by this feature: clear vpdn dead-cache , show vpdn dead-cache .
The following commands were modified by this feature: snmp-server enable traps , vpdn logging .
This feature allows the NAS to be configured to strip prefixes, suffixes, or both from the full username. The reformatted username is then forwarded to the remote AAA server.
The following command was introduced or modified by this feature: tacacs-server domain-stripping .
This feature allows L2TP to send the rx-speed and tx-speed values configured in VPDN group configuration or VPDN template configuration mode, or the rx-speed and the tx-speed values configured on the RADIUS server, to LNS.
The following commands were introduced by this feature: l2tp rx-speed , l2tp tx-speed .
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C H A P T E R
3
Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN
Tunneling
Network access server (NAS)-initiated dial-in tunneling provides secure tunneling of a PPP session from a
NAS to a tunnel server without any special knowledge or interaction required from the client.
•
Finding Feature Information, page 95
•
Prerequisites for Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling, page 96
•
Restrictions for Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling, page 96
•
Information About NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling, page 96
•
How to Configure NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling, page 98
•
Configuration Examples for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling, page 112
•
•
Additional References, page 117
•
Feature Information for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling, page 118
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
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Prerequisites for Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Prerequisites for Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN
Tunneling
• Before performing the tasks documented in this module, you must perform the required tasks in the
Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
• The NAS should be configured to receive incoming calls from clients using ISDN, the Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or cable modem .
Restrictions for Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN
Tunneling
• Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) protocol is not supported on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services
Routers.
Information About NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
NAS-Initiated Dial-in VPDN Tunneling
NAS-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling is also known as compulsory tunneling. In NAS-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling, the client dials in to the NAS through a medium that supports PPP. If the connection from the client to the Internet service provider (ISP) NAS is over a medium that is considered secure, such as DSL, ISDN, or the PSTN, the client might choose not to provide additional security. The PPP session is securely tunneled from the NAS to the tunnel server without any special knowledge or interaction required from the client.
NAS-initiated dial-in VPDN tunnels can use either the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) or the Layer 2
Forwarding (L2F) protocol.
Note The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers support only L2TP.
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Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
A NAS-initiated dial-in tunneling scenario is shown in the figure below.
Figure 8: NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Scenario
L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression
L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression
In a NAS-initiated dial-in L2TP tunneling scenario, when the NAS connects to a tunnel server it transfers numerous attribute-value (AV) pairs as part of the session setup process. One of these AV pairs is L2TP AV pair 22, the Calling Number ID. The Calling Number ID AV pair includes the calling station ID of the originator of the session, which can be the phone number of the originator, the Logical Line ID (LLID) used to make the connection on the LAC, or the MAC address of the PC connecting to the network. This information can be considered sensitive in cases where the NAS and tunnel server are being managed by different entities.
Depending on the security requirements of the NAS or end users, it might be desirable for the NAS to suppress part or all of the calling station ID.
Parts of the calling station ID can be masked, or the calling station ID can be removed completely. Calling station ID suppression can be configured globally on the NAS, for individual VPDN groups on the NAS, or on the remote RADIUS server if one is configured.
L2TP Failover
If a NAS fails to contact its peer during L2TP tunnel establishment, it can fail over to another configured tunnel server and attempt tunnel establishment with that device.
Failover can occur in these scenarios:
• If the router sends a Start Control Connection Request (SCCRQ) a number of times and receives no response from the peer
• If the router receives a Stop Control Connection Notification (StopCCN) from its peer
• If the router receives a Call Disconnect Notify (CDN) message from its peer
In both the StopCCN control message and the CDN control message, a Result Code AV pair is included, which indicates the reason for tunnel or session termination, respectively. This AV pair might also include an optional Error Code, which further describes the nature of the termination. The various Result Code and
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How to Configure NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Error Code values have been standardized in RFC 2661. Failover will occur if the combination of Result Code and Error Code values as defined in the table below is received from the peer.
Table 9: Defined Result and Error Codes from RFC 2661
Control Message
StopCCN, CDN
CDN
Result Code
2: General error, see Error Code.
4: Temporary lack of resources.
Error Code
4: Insufficient resources to handle this operation now.
6: A generic vendor-specific error occurred.
7: Try another.
9: Try another directed.
--
1 For failover, this error code would be accompanied by a vendor-specific error AVP in the error message--in this case containing the Cisco vendor code
(SMI_CISCO_ENTERPRISE_CODE) and a Cisco error code (L2TP_VENDOR_ERROR_SLIMIT).
When one of the three scenarios occurs, the router marks the peer IP address as busy for 60 seconds by default.
During that time no attempt is made to establish a session or tunnel with the peer. The router selects an alternate peer to contact if one is configured. If a tunnel already exists to the alternate peer, new sessions are brought up in the existing tunnel. Otherwise, the router begins negotiations to establish a tunnel to the alternate peer.
How to Configure NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Configuring the NAS to Request Dial-In VPDN Tunnels
The NAS must be configured to request tunnel establishment with the remote tunnel server. Perform this task on the NAS to configure a VPDN request dial-in subgroup and the IP address of the tunnel server that will be the other endpoint of the VPDN tunnel.
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Configuring the NAS to Request Dial-In VPDN Tunnels
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
description string
5.
request-dialin
6.
protocol l2tp
7.
Do one of the following:
• domain domain-name
• dnis { dnis-number | dnis-group-name }
8.
exit
9.
initiate-to ip ip-address [ limit limit-number ] [ priority priority-number ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
description string
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# description myvpdngroup request-dialin
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# request-dialin
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
(Optional) Adds a description to a VPDN group.
Configures a NAS to request the establishment of an L2F or L2TP tunnel to a tunnel server, creates a request-dialin VPDN subgroup, and enters VPDN request dial-in subgroup configuration mode.
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Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Command or Action protocol l2tp
Purpose
Specifies the Layer 2 protocol that the VPDN group will use.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# protocol l2tp
Do one of the following:
• domain domain-name
• dnis { dnis-number | dnis-group-name }
Requests that PPP calls from a specific domain name be tunneled.
or
Requests that PPP calls from a specific Dialed Number Identification
Service (DNIS) number or DNIS group be tunneled.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# domain example.com
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# dnis 5687 exit Exits to VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# exit
initiate-to ip ip-address [ limit limit-number ]
[ priority priority-number ]
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# initiate-to ip
10.1.1.1 limit 12
Specifies an IP address that will be used for Layer 2 tunneling.
• limit --Maximum number of connections that can be made to this IP address.
• priority --Priority for this IP address.
Note The priority keyword is typically not configured on a NAS.
Information used for load balancing and failover is configured on a remote authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server instead. See the Configuring
AAA for VPDNs module.
• Multiple tunnel servers can be configured on the NAS by configuring multiple initiate-to commands.
What to Do Next
You must perform the task in the Configuring the Tunnel Server to Accept Dial-In VPDN Tunnels section.
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Configuring the Tunnel Server to Accept Dial-In VPDN Tunnels
The tunnel server must be configured to accept tunnel requests from the remote NAS. Perform this task on the tunnel server to create a VPDN accept dial-in subgroup and to configure the tunnel server to accept tunnels from the NAS that will be the other endpoint of the VPDN tunnel. To configure the tunnel server to accept tunnels from multiple NASs, you must perform this task for each NAS.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
description string
5.
accept-dialin
6.
protocol l2tp
7.
virtual-template number
8.
exit
9.
terminate-from hostname host-name
10.
lcp renegotiation { always | on-mismatch }
11.
force-local-chap
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
description string
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# description myvpdngroup
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
(Optional) Adds a description to a VPDN group.
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Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Command or Action accept-dialin
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin protocol l2tp
Purpose
Configures a tunnel server to accept requests from a NAS to establish an L2F or L2TP tunnel, creates an accept-dialin VPDN subgroup, and enters VPDN accept dial-in subgroup configuration mode.
Specifies the Layer 2 protocol that the VPDN group will use.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
virtual-template number Specifies which virtual template will be used to clone virtual access interfaces.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 1 exit Exits to VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit terminate-from hostname host-name Specifies the hostname of the remote NAS that will be required when accepting a VPDN tunnel.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# terminate-from hostname NAS12 lcp renegotiation
Example:
{ always | on-mismatch }
Router(config-vpdn)# lcp renegotiation always
(Optional) Allows the tunnel server to renegotiate the PPP Link
Control Protocol (LCP) on dial-in calls using L2TP or L2F.
• This command is useful for a tunnel server that tunnels to a non-Cisco NAS, where the NAS might negotiate a different set of LCP options than what the tunnel server expects.
force-local-chap
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# force-local-chap
(Optional) Forces the tunnel server to reauthenticate the client.
• Enabling this command forces the tunnel server to reauthenticate the client in addition to the proxy authentication that occurs at the NAS.
Note This command will function only if Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol (CHAP) authentication is enabled for PPP using the ppp authentication chap command in the virtual template configured on the tunnel server.
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Configuring the Virtual Template on the Tunnel Server
What to Do Next
You must perform the task in the Configuring the Virtual Template on the Tunnel Server section.
Configuring the Virtual Template on the Tunnel Server
When a request to establish a tunnel is received by the tunnel server, the tunnel server must create a virtual access interface. The virtual access interface is cloned from a virtual template interface, used, and then freed when no longer needed. The virtual template interface is a logical entity that is not tied to any physical interface.
Perform this task on the tunnel server to configure a basic virtual template .
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface virtual-template number
4.
ip unnumbered type number
5.
ppp authentication protocol1 [ protocol2 ...] [ if-needed ] [ list-name | default ] [ callin ] [ one-time ] [ optional ]
6.
peer default ip address { ip-address | dhcp-pool | dhcp | pool [ pool-name ]}
7.
encapsulation encapsulation-type
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
interface virtual-template number
Example:
Router(config)# interface virtual-template
1
Enters interface configuration mode and creates a virtual template interface that can be configured and applied dynamically in creating virtual access interfaces.
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Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action Purpose
ip unnumbered type number
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip unnumbered
FastEthernet 0/0
Enables IP processing on a serial interface without assigning an explicit IP address to the interface.
Note Configuring the ip address command within a virtual template is not recommended. Configuring a specific IP address in a virtual template can result in the establishment of erroneous routes and the loss of IP packets.
ppp authentication protocol1 [ protocol2 ...]
[ if-needed ] [ list-name | default ] [ callin ] [ one-time ]
[ optional ]
Enables at least one PPP authentication protocol and specifies the order in which the protocols are selected on the interface.
Example:
Router(config-if)# ppp authentication chap peer default ip address { ip-address | dhcp-pool | dhcp | pool [ pool-name ]}
Example:
Specifies an IP address, an address from a specific IP address pool, or an address from the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) mechanism to be returned to a remote peer connecting to this interface.
Router(config-if)# peer default ip address pool mypool encapsulation encapsulation-type Sets the encapsulation method used by the interface.
Example:
Router(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Verifying a NAS-Initiated VPDN Configuration
Verifying and Troubleshooting Tunnel Establishment Between the NAS and the Tunnel Server
Perform this task to verify that a tunnel between the NAS and the tunnel server has been established, and to troubleshoot problems with tunnel establishment.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show vpdn tunnel all
3.
ping ip-address
4.
debug vpdn event
5.
debug vpdn errors
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DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4 enable
Enter this command to enable privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Example:
Router> enable show vpdn tunnel all
Enter this command to display details about all active VPDN tunnels. This example shows an example of No active L2TP tunnels :
Example:
Router# show vpdn tunnel all
% No active L2TP tunnels
.
.
.
If no active tunnels have been established with the NAS, proceed with the following steps to troubleshoot the problem.
ping ip-address
Enter this command to ping the NAS. The following output shows the result of a successful ping from the tunnel server to the NAS:
Example:
Router# ping 172.22.66.25
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.30.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 128/132/152 ms
If the tunnel server is unable to ping the NAS, there might be a problem with the routing path between the devices, or the NAS might not be functional.
debug vpdn event
Enter this command to display the VPDN events that occur during tunnel establishment. The following output from the tunnel server shows normal VPDN tunnel establishment for an L2TP tunnel:
Example:
Router# debug vpdn event
20:19:17: L2TP: I SCCRQ from ts1 tnl 8
20:19:17: L2X: Never heard of ts1
20:19:17: Tnl 7 L2TP: New tunnel created for remote ts1, address 172.21.9.4
20:19:17: Tnl 7 L2TP: Got a challenge in SCCRQ, ts1
20:19:17: Tnl 7 L2TP: Tunnel state change from idle to wait-ctl-reply
20:19:17: Tnl 7 L2TP: Got a Challenge Response in SCCCN from ts1
20:19:17: Tnl 7 L2TP: Tunnel Authentication success
20:19:17: Tnl 7 L2TP: Tunnel state change from wait-ctl-reply to established
20:19:17: Tnl 7 L2TP: SM State established
20:19:17: Tnl/Cl 7/1 L2TP: Session FS enabled
20:19:17: Tnl/Cl 7/1 L2TP: Session state change from idle to wait-for-tunnel
20:19:17: Tnl/Cl 7/1 L2TP: New session created
20:19:17: Tnl/Cl 7/1 L2TP: O ICRP to ts1 8/1
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Step 5
20:19:17: Tnl/Cl 7/1 L2TP: Session state change from wait-for-tunnel to wait-connect
20:19:17: Tnl/Cl 7/1 L2TP: Session state change from wait-connect to established
20:19:17: Vi1 VPDN: Virtual interface created for [email protected]
20:19:17: Vi1 VPDN: Set to Async interface
20:19:17: Vi1 VPDN: Clone from Vtemplate 1 filterPPP=0 blocking
20:19:18: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up
20:19:18: Vi1 VPDN: Bind interface direction=2
20:19:18: Vi1 VPDN: PPP LCP accepting rcv CONFACK
20:19:19: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up debug vpdn errors
Enter this command to display error messages that are generated during tunnel establishment. The following output from the NAS shows an authentication failure during tunnel establishment.
Example:
Router# debug vpdn errors
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Async1, changed state to down
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Async1, changed state to reset
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Async1, changed state to down
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Async1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Async1, changed state to up
VPDN tunnel management packet failed to authenticate
VPDN tunnel management packet failed to authenticate
If an authentication failure occurs, verify that both the NAS and the tunnel server are configured with the same secret password. You can also perform tasks to verify L2TP tunnel establishment, PPP negotiations, and authentication with the remote client as described in the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
Verifying the Connection Between the Client and the NAS
Perform this task to verify the connection between the dial-in client and the NAS.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
Dial in to the NAS from a client PC.
2.
enable
3.
show caller user user
4.
show interfaces virtual-access number
5.
show vpdn session
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1 Dial in to the NAS from a client PC.
Ensure that the client PC is able to connect to the NAS by establishing a dial-in connection. As the call comes into the
NAS, a LINK-3-UPDOWN message automatically appears on the NAS terminal screen. In the following example, the call comes into the NAS on asynchronous interface 14:
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Example:
*Jan 1 21:22:18.410: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Async14, changed state to up
Note No debug commands are turned on to display this log message. This message should be displayed within 30 seconds after the client first sends the call.
If this message is not displayed by the NAS, there is a problem with the dial-in configuration.
enable
Enter this command to enable privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Example:
Router> enable
show caller user user
Enter this command on the tunnel server to verify that the client received an IP address. The following example shows that user3 is using IP address 10.0.0.1.
Example:
Router# show caller user [email protected]
User: [email protected], line Vi2.502, service PPPoVPDN
Connected for 1d10h
Timeouts: Limit Remaining Timer Type
- - -
PPP: LCP Open, CHAP (<-), IPCP
IP: Local 10.0.0.1, remote 172.16.2.247
Counts: 2052 packets input, 32826 bytes
2053 packets output, 106742 bytes
If an incorrect IP address or no IP address is displayed, there is a problem with IP addresses assignment. Verify the configuration of the peer default ip address command in the virtual template on the tunnel server.
show interfaces virtual-access number
Enter this command to verify that the interface is up, that LCP is open, and that no errors are reported. The following output shows a functional interface:
Example:
Router# show interfaces virtual-access 2.502
Virtual-Access2.502 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Virtual Access interface
Interface is unnumbered. Using address of Loopback1001 (60.0.0.1)
MTU 1454 bytes, BW 2000000 Kbit, DLY 100000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 5/255
Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open
Open: IPCP
PPPoVPDN vaccess, cloned from Virtual-Template1
Vaccess status 0x0
Protocol l2tp, tunnel id 30485, session id 55909
Keepalive set (60 sec)
2056 packets input, 32890 bytes
2057 packets output, 106950 bytes
Last clearing of ''show interface'' counters never
The virtual access interface is up and the line protocol is up, showing that virtual interface establishment was successful.
show vpdn session
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Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression
Enter this command on the tunnel server to verify that there are active VPDN sessions. This example shows output from a tunnel server with several active tunnels.
Example:
Router# show vpdn session
L2TP Session Information Total tunnels 4000 sessions 15960
LocID RemID TunID Username, Intf/ State Last Chg Uniq ID
Vcid, Circuit user@ci..., Vi2.9171 est 43202
34090
1217
6737
40336
31996
42591
22325
22
22
22
22 user@ci..., Vi2.1734 est user@ci..., Vi2.9312 est user@ci..., Vi2.1729 est
1d10h 9184
1d10h 1735
1d10h 9325
1d10h 1730
59420
45069
27825
24600
13018
43090
31798
17035
60982
44751
7627
65037
34448
41505
34
34
34
34
43
43
43 user@ci..., Vi2.9338 est user@ci..., Vi2.1645 est user@ci..., Vi2.1653 est user@ci..., Vi2.9096 est user@ci..., Vi2.8166 est user@ci..., Vi2.8176 est user@c..., Vi2.15752 est
1d10h 9351
1d10h 1646
1d10h 1654
1d10h 9109
1d10h 8179
1d10h 8189
1d10h 15765
56832
53944
16215
17332
12466
28290
44839
64322
25409
52915
14000
54817
37822
30137
43
48
48
48
48
50
50 user@c..., Vi2.15655 est user@c..., Vi2.14115 est user@c..., Vi2.14134 est user@ci..., Vi2.6630 est user@ci..., Vi2.6622 est user@ci..., Vi2.5094 est user@c..., Vi2.15875 est
1d10h 15668
1d10h 14128
1d10h 14147
1d10h 6643
1d10h 6635
1d10h 15905
1d10h 15888
If there is no session established for the client, perform the troubleshooting steps in the
Tunnel Establishment Between the NAS and the Tunnel Server, on page 104
.
Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression
Calling station ID suppression can be configured globally on the NAS, for individual VPDN groups on the
NAS, or on the remote RADIUS server if one is configured.
The order of precedence for L2TP calling station ID suppression configurations is as follows:
• A RADIUS server configuration will take precedence over any configuration on the NAS.
• A VPDN group configuration will take precedence over a global configuration for calls associated with that VPDN group.
• A global configuration will be applied if no other method is configured.
Perform one or more of the following tasks to configure L2TP calling station ID suppression:
Prerequisites for Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression
• You must configure the NAS and the tunnel server to use the L2TP protocol when performing the tasks in the Configuring the NAS to Request Dial-In VPDN Tunnels section and the Configuring the Tunnel
Server to Accept Dial-In VPDN Tunnels section.
• You must configure the NAS to tunnel calls based on the domain name when performing the task in the
Configuring the NAS to Request Dial-In VPDN Tunnels section.
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• You must configure the VPDN search order to use the domain name when performing the task in the
Configuring the VPDN Tunnel Authorization Search Order section of the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
Configuring Global L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression on the NAS
The calling station ID information included in L2TP AV pair 22 can be removed or masked for every L2TP session established on the router if you configure L2TP calling station ID suppression globally. This configuration is compatible with either local or remote authorization.
Perform this task on the NAS to configure global L2TP calling station ID suppression.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn l2tp attribute clid mask-method { right mask-character characters | remove } [ match match-string ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn l2tp attribute clid mask-method { right mask-character characters | remove } [ match match-string ]
Configures a NAS to suppress L2TP calling station IDs globally on the router.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn l2tp attribute clid mask-method right # 6 match %321
• right mask-character characters --Masks the calling station ID starting from the right end, using the specified mask-character to replace the defined number of characters . The mask-character must be a printable character.
• remove --Removes the entire calling station ID.
• match match-string --Removes or masks the calling station ID only when the username contains the specified match-string .
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Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression for a VPDN Group on the NAS
The calling station ID information included in L2TP AV pair 22 can be removed or masked for calls associated with a specific VPDN group. This configuration is compatible with local authorization configurations.
Perform this task on the NAS to configure L2TP calling station ID suppression for calls associated with a particular VPDN group when using local authorization.
Before You Begin
• You must configure the NAS and the tunnel server for local authorization when performing the task in the Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server section of the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
l2tp attribute clid mask-method { right mask-character characters | remove } [ match match-string ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group L2TP l2tp attribute clid mask-method { right mask-character characters | remove } [ match match-string ]
Configures a NAS to suppress L2TP calling station IDs for sessions associated with a VPDN group or VPDN template.
Example:
Router (config-vpdn)# l2tp attribute clid mask-method remove
• right mask-character characters --Masks the calling station ID starting from the right end, using the specified mask-character to replace the defined number of characters . The mask-character must be a printable character.
• remove --Removes the entire calling station ID.
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Command or Action Purpose
• match match-string --Removes or masks the calling station ID only when the username contains the specified match-string .
Configuring L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression on the NAS Remote RADIUS Server
L2TP calling station ID suppression can be configured directly on the NAS, or in the RADIUS user profile.
Configuring L2TP calling station ID suppression in the RADIUS user profile allows the configuration to be propagated to multiple NASs without having to configure each one.
Perform this task on the RADIUS server to configure a user profile that will allow the RADIUS server to instruct NASs to remove or mask the L2TP calling station ID.
Before You Begin
• The NAS must be configured for remote RADIUS AAA. Perform the tasks for configuring AAA on the
NAS and the tunnel server, and configuring remote AAA for VPDNs as described in the Configuring
AAA for VPDNs module.
• The RADIUS server must be configured for AAA.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password= secret
2.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-type= l2tp
3.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-id= name
4.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:ip-address= address
5.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-clid-mask-method= { right: character : characters | remove }
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password= secret
Purpose
Specifies the L2TP tunnel password in the RADIUS user profile.
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password=cisco
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-type= l2tp Specifies L2TP as the tunneling protocol in the RADIUS user profile.
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-type=l2tp
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Configuration Examples for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-id= name
Purpose
Specifies the tunnel ID in the RADIUS user profile.
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-id=test
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:ip-address= address Specifies the NAS IP address in the RADIUS user profile.
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:ip-address=172.16.9.9
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-clid-mask-method= { right:
character : characters | remove }
Specifies L2TP calling station ID suppression parameters in the RADIUS user profile.
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-clid-mask-method= right:#:5
• right --Masks the calling station ID starting from the right side, using the specified mask-character to replace the defined number of characters .
• remove --Removes the entire calling station ID.
Configuration Examples for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN
Tunneling
Example Configuring the NAS for Dial-In VPDNs
The following example configures a NAS named ISP-NAS to tunnel PPP calls to a tunnel server named
ENT-TS using L2TP and local authentication and authorization:
! Enable AAA authentication and authorization with RADIUS as the default method aaa new-model aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default radius
!
! Configure the VPDN tunnel authentication password using the local name username ISP-NAS password 7 tunnelme username ENT-TS password 7 tunnelme
!
vpdn enable
!
! Configure VPN to first search on the client domain name and then on the DNIS vpdn search-order domain dnis
!
! Allow a maximum of 10 simultaneous VPDN sessions vpdn session-limit 10
!
! Configure the NAS to initiate VPDN dial-in sessions to the tunnel server vpdn-group 1 request-dialin
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Example Configuring the Tunnel Server for Dial-in VPDNs protocol l2tp domain cisco.com
!
initiate-to ip 172.22.66.25
local name ISP-NAS
!
! Specifies the RADIUS server IP address, authorization port, and accounting port radius-server host 172.22.66.16 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
!
! Specifies the authentication key to be used with the RADIUS server radius-server key cisco
!
Example Configuring the Tunnel Server for Dial-in VPDNs
The following example show a tunnel server named ENT-TS configured to accept L2TP tunnels from a NAS named ISP-NAS using local authentication and authorization:
! Configure AAA to first use the local database and then contact the RADIUS server for
! PPP authentication aaa new-model aaa authentication ppp default local radius
!
! Configure AAA network authorization and accounting by using the RADIUS server aaa authorization network default radius aaa accounting network default start-stop radius
!
! Configure the VPDN tunnel authentication password using the local name username ISP-NAS password 7 tunnelme username ENT-TS password 7 tunnelme
!
vpdn enable
!
! Configure the tunnel server to accept dial-in sessions from the NAS vpdn-group 1 accept-dialin protocol l2tp
!
virtual-template 1 terminate-from hostname ISP-NAS local name ENT-TS
!
force-local-chap
! Configure the virtual template interface Virtual-Template1 gigabitethernet0/0/0 ppp authentication chap peer default ip address pool default
!
encapsulation ppp
! Specifies the RADIUS server IP address, authorization port, and accounting port radius-server host 172.22.66.13 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
!
! Specifies the authentication key to be used with the RADIUS server radius-server key cisco
Example L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression with Local Authorization
The following example configures a NAS for PPP over Gigabit Ethernet over virtual LAN (PPPoEoVLAN).
The NAS obtains a calling station ID from LLID NAS port preauthorization through RADIUS. The calling station ID will be removed from AV pair 22 for tunnels associated with the VPDN group named L2TP if the string #184 is included in the username.
hostname LAC
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Example L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression with Local Authorization
!
enable secret 5 $1$8qtb$MHcYeW2kn8VNYgz932eXl.
enable password lab
!
aaa new-model
!
aaa group server radius LLID-Radius server 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
!
aaa group server radius LAC-Radius server 192.168.1.6 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
!
aaa authentication ppp default local aaa authorization network default local aaa authorization network LLID group LLID-Radius aaa accounting network default start-stop group LAC-Radius aaa nas port extended aaa session-id common
!
ip subnet-zero ip cef no ip domain lookup
!
vpdn enable vpdn search-order domain
!
vpdn-group L2TP request-dialin protocol l2tp
!
domain cisco.com
domain cisco.com#184 initiate-to ip 192.168.1.4
local name test l2tp tunnel password 0 cisco l2tp attribute clid mask-method remove match #184
!
bba-group ppoe 2 virtual-template 1 nas-port format d 2/2/4
!
subscriber access pppoe pre-authorize nas-port-id LLID send username
!
interface Loopback0 no ip address
!
interface Loopback1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface gigabitethernet0/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
!
interface gigabitethernet0/0/0.20
encapsulation dot1Q 1024 no snmp trap link-status ppoe enable group 2 pppoe max-sessions 200 no cdp enable
!
interface gigabitethernet1/0/0 ip address 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
!
interface Serial2/0/0 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial3/0/0 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0
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Example L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression with RADIUS Authorization
!
interface Virtual-Template1 ip unnumbered gigabitethernet1/0/0 ip mroute-cache no peer default ip address
!
ppp authentication pap ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 gigabitethernet0/0/0 ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 gigabitethernet1/0/0
!
no ip http server
!
radius-server attribute 69 clear radius-server host 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server host 192.168.1.6 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server domain-stripping delimiter # radius-server key cisco radius-server vsa send accounting radius-server vsa send authentication
!
control-plane
!
line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password lab
Example L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression with RADIUS Authorization
The following example configures a NAS for PPPoEoVLAN. The NAS obtains a calling station ID from
LLID NAS port preauthorization through RADIUS. The RADIUS user profile specifies that the calling station
ID should be masked by replacing the rightmost six characters with the character X.
NAS Configuration hostname LAC
!
enable secret 5 $1$8qtb$MHcYeW2kn8VNYgz932eXl.
enable password lab
!
aaa new-model
!
aaa group server radius LLID-Radius server 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
!
aaa group server radius LAC-Radius server 192.168.1.6 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
!
aaa authentication ppp default local aaa authorization network default group LAC-Radius aaa authorization network LLID group LLID-Radius aaa accounting network default start-stop group LAC-Radius aaa nas port extended aaa session-id common
!
ip subnet-zero ip cef no ip domain lookup
!
vpdn enable vpdn search-order domain
!
bba-group ppoe 2 virtual-template 1 nas-port format d 2/2/4
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Example L2TP Calling Station ID Suppression with RADIUS Authorization
!
subscriber access pppoe pre-authorize nas-port-id LLID send username
!
interface Loopback0 no ip address
!
interface Loopback1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface gigabitethernet0/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
!
interface gigabitethernet0/0/0.20
encapsulation dot1Q 1024 no snmp trap link-status pppoe enable group 2 pppoe max-sessions 200 no cdp enable
!
interface gigabitethernet1/0/0 ip address 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
!
interface Serial2/0/0 no ip address shutdown
!
serial restart-delay 0 interface Serial3/0/0 no ip address shutdown serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Virtual-Template1 ip unnumbered gigabitethernet1/0/0 ip mroute-cache no peer default ip address ppp authentication pap
!
ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 gigabitethernet0/0/0 ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 gigabitethernet1/0/0
!
no ip http server
!
radius-server attribute 69 clear radius-server host 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server host 192.168.1.6 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server domain-stripping delimiter # radius-server key cisco radius-server vsa send accounting radius-server vsa send authentication
!
control-plane
!
line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password lab
RADIUS User Profile Configuration
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password=cisco
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-type=l2tp
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-id=test
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:ip-address=192.168.1.4
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-clid-mask-method=right:X:6
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Where to Go Next
Where to Go Next
You can perform any of the relevant optional tasks in the Configuring Additional VPDN Features and in the
VPDN Tunnel Management modules.
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
VPDN commands
VPDN technology overview
Technical support documentation for L2TP
Technical support documentation for VPDNs
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference
VPDN Technology Overview
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol (L2TP)
Virtual Private Dial-Up Network (VPDN)
Standards
Standard Title
No new or modified standards are supported by this feature, and support for existing standards has not been modified by this feature.
--
MIBs
MIB
• CISCO-VPDN-MGMT-MIB
• CISCO-VPDN-MGMT-EXT-MIB
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFC
RFC 2661
Title
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
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Feature Information for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 10: Feature Information for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Feature Name
L2TP Calling Station ID
Suppression
Software Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Feature Information
This feature was introduced on
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers.
This feature allows the NAS to suppress part or all of the calling station ID from the NAS in the
L2TP AV pair 22, the Calling
Number ID. Calling station ID suppression can be configured globally on the router, for individual VPDN groups on the router, or on the remote RADIUS server if one is configured.
The following commands were introduced by this feature: l2tp attribute clid mask-method , vpdn l2tp attribute clid mask-method .
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Feature Information for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Feature Name
L2TP Extended Failover
Software Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Feature Information
This feature was introduced on
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers.
This feature extends L2TP failover to occur if, during tunnel establishment, a router receives a
StopCCN message from its peer, or during session establishment a router receives a CDN message from its peer. In either case, the router selects an alternate peer to contact.
No commands were introduced or modified by this feature.
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Feature Information for NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
Configuring NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling
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C H A P T E R
4
Configuring Multihop VPDN
Multihop virtual private dialup networking (VPDN) is a specialized VPDN configuration that allows packets to pass through multiple tunnels. Ordinarily, packets are not allowed to pass through more than one tunnel.
In a multihop deployment, the VPDN tunnel is terminated after each hop and a new tunnel is initiated to the next hop destination.
Multihop VPDN deployments can also be used to configure a device as a tunnel switch. A tunnel switch acts as both a network access server (NAS) and a tunnel server, able to receive packets from an incoming
VPDN tunnel and send them out over an outgoing VPDN tunnel. Tunnel switch configurations can be used between Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide wholesale VPDN services.
•
Finding Feature Information, page 121
•
Prerequisites for Multihop VPDN, page 122
•
Restrictions for Multihop VPDN, page 122
•
Information About Multihop VPDN, page 122
•
How to Configure Multihop VPDN, page 123
•
Configuration Examples for Multihop VPDN, page 128
•
•
Additional References, page 130
•
Feature Information for Multihop VPDN, page 131
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
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Prerequisites for Multihop VPDN
Prerequisites for Multihop VPDN
Before you configure multihop VPDN, a VPDN deployment must be configured. For more information about
VPDN deployments that are compatible with multihop VPDN scenarios, see the
.
Restrictions for Multihop VPDN
Only the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is supported on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services
Routers.
Information About Multihop VPDN
Tunnel Switching Using Multihop VPDN
Multihop VPDN can be used to configure a device as a tunnel switch. A tunnel switch acts as both a NAS and a tunnel server, receiving packets from an incoming VPDN tunnel and sending them out over an outgoing
VPDN tunnel. Tunnel switch configurations can be used between ISPs to provide wholesale VPDN services.
A VPDN tunnel switch on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers can forward L2TP sessions. L2F or Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) are not supported.
In an L2TP tunnel switching deployment, the tunnel endpoints are considered the originating NAS and the terminating tunnel server. The tunnel switch is not considered a tunnel endpoint.
The figure below shows a network scenario using a basic L2TP tunnel switching deployment.
Figure 9: Tunnel Switching Using Multihop VPDN
The tunnel switch can be configured to terminate incoming VPDN tunnels from multiple devices, and to initiate outgoing VPDN tunnels to one or more tunnel servers.
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How to Configure Multihop VPDN
The Subscriber Service Switch (SSS) framework is supported for VPDN tunnel switching. SSS supports additional Layer 2 protocols, including PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) and generic routing encapsulation (GRE).
Configuring SSS for VPDN tunnel switching is optional. SSS profiles increase the scalability of tunnel switching configurations, particularly in multiprotocol environments.
How to Configure Multihop VPDN
Configuring a Multihop Tunnel Switch
Multihop VPDN can be used to configure a device as a tunnel switch. A tunnel switch acts as both a NAS and a tunnel server, and must be configured with both a NAS VPDN group and a tunnel server VPDN group.
Tunnel switching using the SSS infrastructure is supported. SSS allows L2TP, L2F, PPTP, PPPoE, PPPoA,
GRE, and general packet radio service (GPRS) sessions to be switched over virtual links using a tunnel switch.
SSS configurations are not required for tunnel switching data over L2TP, L2F, or PPTP tunnels, but SSS increases the scalability of tunnel switching deployments.
Note On the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Router, a multihop VPDN tunnel switch can be configured to forward L2TP tunnels only.
Perform these tasks to configure a device as a multihop VPDN tunnel switch:
Prerequisites for Configuring a Multihop Tunnel Switch
• The tunnel endpoints must be configured for VPDN tunneling as described in the Configuring
NAS-Initiated Dial-In VPDN Tunneling module.
• If you want to perform VPDN tunnel authorization searches based on the multihop hostname, you must configure the search to use the multihop hostname as described in the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
Enabling Multihop VPDN on the Tunnel Switch
In tunnel switching deployments, packets must traverse multiple tunnels. Multihop VPDN must be enabled on the tunnel switch for the deployment to function.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn multihop
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Configuring a Multihop Tunnel Switch
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn multihop
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn multihop
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables VPDN multihop.
What to Do Next
You must perform the task in the
Configuring the Multihop Tunnel Switch to Terminate Incoming VPDN
.
Configuring the Multihop Tunnel Switch to Terminate Incoming VPDN Tunnels
A tunnel switch must be configured as a tunnel server, allowing it to terminate incoming VPDN tunnels. You can configure a tunnel switch to terminate tunnels from multiple devices.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
description string
5.
accept-dialin
6.
protocol l2tp
7.
virtual-template number
8.
exit
9.
terminate-from hostname host-name
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Configuring a Multihop Tunnel Switch
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name Creates a VPDN group and to enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
description string (Optional) Adds a description to a VPDN group.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# description myvpdngroup accept-dialin Configures a tunnel switch to accept requests from a NAS to establish a tunnel, creates an accept-dialin VPDN subgroup, and enters VPDN accept dial-in subgroup configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin protocol l2tp Specifies the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol that the VPDN group will use.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
virtual-template number (Optional) Specifies which virtual template will be used to clone virtual access interfaces.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template
1
This step is not required if the virtual access interface is not going to be cloned when a user connects.
exit Exits to VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
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Configuring a Multihop Tunnel Switch
Step 9
Command or Action terminate-from hostname host-name
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# terminate-from hostname
NAS12
Purpose
Specifies the hostname of the remote NAS that will be required when accepting a VPDN tunnel.
What to Do Next
You must perform the task in the Configuring the Multihop Tunnel Switch to Initiate Outgoing VPDN Tunnels section.
Configuring the Multihop Tunnel Switch to Initiate Outgoing VPDN Tunnels
A tunnel switch must be configured as a NAS, allowing it to initiate outgoing VPDN tunnels. You can configure a tunnel switch to initiate tunnels to multiple devices.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
description string
5.
request-dialin
6.
protocol l2tp
7.
Do one of the following:
• domain domain-name
• dnis { dnis-number | dnis-group-name }
• multihop-hostname ingress-tunnel-name
8.
exit
9.
initiate-to ip ip-address [ limit limit-number ] [ priority priority-number ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action Purpose
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
description string (Optional) Adds a description to a VPDN group.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# description myvpdngroup request-dialin Configures a tunnel switch to request the establishment of a tunnel to a tunnel server, creates a request-dialin VPDN subgroup, and enters
VPDN request dial-in subgroup configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# request-dialin protocol l2tp Specifies the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol that the VPDN group will use.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# protocol l2tp
Do one of the following:
• domain domain-name
• dnis { dnis-number | dnis-group-name }
• multihop-hostname ingress-tunnel-name
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# domain company.com
Requests that PPP calls from a specific domain name be tunneled.
or
Requests that PPP calls from a specific DNIS number or DNIS group be tunneled.
or
Enables the tunnel switch to initiate a tunnel based on the NAS host name or the ingress tunnel ID.
Note If you use the multihop-hostname command to configure your tunnel switch, you must configure vpdn search-order command with the multihop-hostname keyword. For more information on configuring the VPDN tunnel authorization search order, see the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
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Configuration Examples for Multihop VPDN
Step 8
Step 9
Command or Action Purpose
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# dnis 5687
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# multihop-hostname nas1 exit Exits to VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# exit
initiate-to ip ip-address [ limit limit-number ]
[ priority priority-number ]
Specifies an IP address that will be used for Layer 2 tunneling.
• limit --Maximum number of connections that can be made to this
IP address.
Example:
• priority --Priority for this IP address.
Router(config-vpdn)# initiate-to ip
10.1.1.1 limit 12
Note The priority keyword is typically not configured on a tunnel switch. Information used for load balancing and failover is configured on a remote authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server instead. For more information about configuring load balancing and failover priorities using a remote AAA server, see the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module.
• Multiple tunnel servers can be configured on the tunnel switch by configuring multiple initiate-to commands.
Configuration Examples for Multihop VPDN
Example Configuring Multihop VPDN Tunnel Switching
The following example configures a NAS, tunnel switch, and tunnel server to establish a multihop VPDN tunnel using L2TP:
NAS Configuration
! Configure the NAS to initiate VPDN dial-in sessions to the tunnel switch vpdn-group 1
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Where to Go Next request-dialin protocol l2tp domain cisco.com
!
initiate-to ip 172.22.66.25
local name ISP-NAS
Tunnel Switch Configuration
!Enable VPDN vpdn enable
!
!Enable multihop vpdn multihop
!
! Configure the tunnel switch to use the multihop hostname in the authentication search.
vpdn search-order multihop-hostname domain dnis
!
! Configure the tunnel switch to accept dial-in sessions from the NAS vpdn-group tunnelin accept-dialin protocol l2tp virtual-template 1
!
!
terminate-from hostname ISP-NAS local name ISP-Sw
! Configure the tunnel switch to initiate VPDN dial-in sessions to the tunnel server vpdn-group tunnelout request-dialin protocol l2tp multihop-hostname ISP-NAS
!
initiate-to ip 10.2.2.2
local name ISP-Sw
Tunnel Server Configuration
! Configure the tunnel server to accept dial-in sessions from the NAS vpdn-group 1 accept-dialin protocol l2tp virtual-template 1
!
terminate-from hostname ISP-Sw local name ENT-TS
Where to Go Next
You can perform any of the relevant optional tasks in the Configuring Additional VPDN Features and in the
VPDN Tunnel Management modules.
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Additional References
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
VPDN commands
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference
VPDN technology overview VPDN Technology Overview
Broadband access aggregation and DSL commands Cisco IOS Broadband Access Aggregation and DSL
Command Reference
Standards
Standard Title
No new or modified standards are supported by this feature, and support for existing standards has not been modified by this feature.
--
MIBs
MIB
No new or modified MIBs are supported by this feature, and support for existing MIBs has not been modified by this feature.
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFC
RFC 2661
Title
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
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Feature Information for Multihop VPDN
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for Multihop VPDN
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 11: Feature Information for Multihop VPDN
Feature Name
Multihop VPDN
Software Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.2
Feature Configuration Information
This feature was introduced on
Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers.
Multihop VPDN is a specialized
VPDN configuration that allows packets to pass through multiple tunnels. Ordinarily, packets are not allowed to pass through more than one tunnel. In a multihop deployment, the VPDN tunnel is terminated after each hop and a new tunnel is initiated to the next hop destination.
No commands were introduced or modified by this feature.
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Feature Information for Multihop VPDN
Feature Name
Subscriber Service Switch
Software Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.2.1
Feature Configuration Information
This feature provides flexibility on where and how many subscribers are connected to available services and how those services are defined.
The primary focus of SSS is to direct PPP from one point to another using a Layer 2 subscriber policy. The policy will manage tunneling of PPP in a policy-based bridging fashion.
The following VPDN commands were introduced or modified by this feature: multihop-hostname and vpdn search-order .
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C H A P T E R
5
Configuring Additional VPDN Features
This module documents concepts and tasks associated with configuring additional virtual private dialup network (VPDN) features. These optional features are used in combination with a VPDN deployment, and require that a VPDN deployment is first configured:
• VPDN Template
• VPDN Source IP Address
• VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels
• MTU Tuning for L2TP VPDN Tunnels
• QoS for VPDN Tunnels
• VPDN Group Selection
All of the tasks documented in this module require that tasks documented elsewhere in the Cisco IOS XE
VPDN Configuration Guide have first been completed.
•
Finding Feature Information, page 133
•
Information About Configuring Additional VPDN Features, page 134
•
How to Configure Additional VPDN Features, page 139
•
Configuration Examples for Additional VPDN Features, page 163
•
•
Additional References, page 171
•
Feature Information for Additional VPDN Features, page 173
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
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Information About Configuring Additional VPDN Features
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Information About Configuring Additional VPDN Features
VPDN Template
A VPDN template can be configured with global default values that will supersede the system default values.
These global default values are applied to all VPDN groups, unless specific values are configured for individual
VPDN groups.
Multiple named VPDN templates can be configured in addition to a single global (unnamed) VPDN template.
A VPDN group can be associated with only one VPDN template.
Values configured in the global VPDN template are applied to all VPDN groups by default. A VPDN group can be disassociated from the global VPDN template, or associated with a named VPDN template. Associating a VPDN group with a named VPDN template automatically disassociates it from the global VPDN template.
The default hierarchy for the application of VPDN parameters to a VPDN group is as follows:
• VPDN parameters configured for the individual VPDN group are always applied to that VPDN group.
• VPDN parameters configured in the associated VPDN template are applied for any settings not specified in the individual VPDN group configuration.
• System default settings for VPDN parameters are applied for any settings not configured in the individual
VPDN group or the associated VPDN template.
Individual VPDN groups can be disassociated from the associated VPDN template if desired, allowing the system default settings to be used for any parameters not configured in that individual VPDN group.
VPDN Source IP Address
A tunnel endpoint can be configured with a source IP address that is different from the IP address used to open the VPDN tunnel. When a source IP address is configured on a tunnel endpoint, the router will generate
VPDN packets labeled with the configured source IP address. A source IP address might need to be configured if the tunnel endpoints are managed by different companies and addressing requirements necessitate that a particular IP address be used.
The source IP address can be configured globally, or for an individual VPDN group. The VPDN group configuration will take precedence over the global configuration.
VPN Routing Forwarding (VRF) Framed Route (Pool) Assignment via PPP
The VPN Routing Forwarding (VRF) Framed Route (Pool) Assignment via PPP feature introduces support to make these RADIUS attributes VRF aware: attribute 22 (Framed-Route), a combination of attribute 8
(Framed-IP-Address) and attribute 9 (Framed-IP-Netmask), and the Cisco VSA route command. Thus, static
IP routes can be applied to a particular VRF routing table rather than the global routing table.
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VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels
VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels
Prior to Cisco IOS XE Release 2.2, you had to specify IP addresses from the global routing table for the endpoints of a VPDN tunnel. VRF-aware VPDN tunnels provide support for VPDN tunnels that terminate on a Virtual Private Network (VPN) routing and forwarding (VRF) instance by allowing you to use IP addresses from a VRF routing table.
VRF-aware VPDN tunnels enhance the support of VPDN tunnels by allowing VPDN tunnels to start outside a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) VPN and terminate within the MPLS VPN and have overlapping
IP addresses. For example, this feature allows you to use a VRF address from a customer VRF as the destination address.
Beginning with Cisco IOS XE Release 2.2, the VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels feature adds support for L2TP on the LNS. The initiation and termination of tunnels in a VRF instance is supported on the Cisco ASR 1000
Series Aggregation Services Routers in both an LNS and Layer 2 Access Concentrator (LAC) environment.
You can use VRF-aware VPDN tunnels with multihop and dial-in VPDN tunneling scenarios. In a multihop scenario, this feature is sometimes referred to as VRF-aware VPDN multihop.
MTU Tuning for L2TP VPDN Tunnels
Fragmentation and reassembly of packets is done at the process level in the software. When a tunnel server is aggregating large numbers of sessions and traffic flows, process switching can dramatically reduce performance. For this reason, it is highly desirable to reduce or eliminate the need for packet fragmentation and reassembly in a VPDN deployment, and instead move the burden of any required packet reassembly to the client devices.
Packets are fragmented when they attempt to pass through an egress interface with a maximum transmission unit (MTU) that is smaller than the size of the packet. By default, the MTU of most interface is 1500 bytes.
Because of this default MTU size, TCP segments are created with a default payload of 1460 bytes, allowing room for the 40 byte TCP/IP header. Because L2TP encapsulation adds 40 bytes of header information, tunneled packets will exceed the MTU of an interface if MTU tuning is not performed.
In order to reach its final destination, a packet might traverse multiple egress interfaces. The path MTU is defined as the smallest MTU of all of the interfaces that the packet must pass through.
A number of different methods are available to perform MTU tuning. Their end goal is to prevent fragmentation of packets after they have been encapsulated for tunneling. These methods take advantage of distinct mechanisms to accomplish this, as described in these sections:
MTU Tuning Using IP MTU Adjustments
The IP MTU configuration controls the maximum size of a packet allowed to be encapsulated by a Layer 2 protocol. The IP MTU of an interface can be manually lowered to compensate for the size of the L2TP header if the path MTU is known.
A router can also be configured to automatically adjust the IP MTU of an interface to compensate for the size of the L2TP header. The automatic adjustment corrects for the size of the L2TP header based on the MTU of the egress interface of that device. This configuration is effective only in preventing fragmentation when the
MTU of that interface is the same as the path MTU.
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MTU Tuning for L2TP VPDN Tunnels
MTU Tuning Using Path MTU Discovery
If the path MTU between the NAS and the tunnel server is unknown, or if it changes, path MTU discovery
(PMTUD) can be used to perform MTU tuning. PMTUD uses the Don't Fragment (DF) bit in the IP header to dynamically discover the smallest MTU among all the interfaces along a routing path.
The source host initially assumes that the path MTU is the known MTU of the first egress interface, and sends all packets on that path with the DF bit in the IP header set. If any of the packets are too large to be forwarded without fragmentation by the interface of a device along the path, that device will discard the packet and return an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Destination Unreachable message to the source host. The ICMP
Destination Unreachable message includes code 4, which means fragmentation needed and DF set , and indicates the IP MTU of the interface that was unable to forward the packet without fragmentation. This information allows the source host to reduce the size of the packet before retransmission to allow it to fit through that interface.
Enabling PMTUD makes VPDN deployments vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks that use crafted
ICMP messages to set a connection ’ s path MTU to an impractically low value. This will cause higher layer protocols to time out because of a very low throughput, even though the connection is still in the established state. This type of attack is classified as a throughput-reduction attack. For more information on throughput-reduction attacks against L2TP VPDN deployments, see the "Additional References" section.
To protect against a throughput-reduction attack, a range of acceptable values for the path MTU can be specified. If the device receives an ICMP code 4 message that advertises a next-hop path MTU that falls outside the configured size range, the device will ignore the message.
PMTUD can be unreliable and might fail when performed over the Internet because some routers or firewalls are configured to filter out all ICMP messages. When the source host does not receive an ICMP destination unreachable message from a device that is unable to forward a packet without fragmentation, it will not know to reduce the packet size. The source host will continue to retransmit the same large packet. Because the DF bit is set, these packets will be continually dropped because they exceed the path MTU, and the connection will stop responding.
MTU Tuning Using TCP MSS Advertising
Because PMTUD can be unreliable, an alternate method of performing MTU tuning was introduced. This method of MTU tuning takes advantage of TCP Maximum Segment Size (MSS) advertisements in the incoming and outgoing synchronize (SYN) packets sent by the end hosts.
The TCP MSS defines the maximum amount of data that a host is willing to accept in a single TCP/IP datagram.
The MSS value is sent as a TCP header option only in TCP SYN segments. Each side of a TCP connection reports its MSS value to the other side. The sending host is required to limit the size of data in a single TCP segment to a value less than or equal to the MSS reported by the receiving host.
If you configure a lower TCP MSS than the usual default of 1460, the size of TCP segments will be reduced to compensate for the information added by the L2TP header.
MTU Tuning Using PPP MRU Advertising
Another option for reducing fragmentation in an L2TP VPDN network requires that Maximum Receive Unit
(MRU) negotiation is supported by the PPP client. One known client which supports MRU negotiations is the Windows XP PPP client. Unfortunately, other commonly deployed PPP clients do not adhere to the advertised PPP MRU as they should. To determine if your PPP client properly responds to the advertised PPP
MRU, see the PPP client documentation.
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QoS for VPDN Tunnels
PPP MRU allows a peer to advertise its maximum receive unit, which is derived from the MTU configuration on the virtual template interface. A device will not process a PPP frame with a payload larger than its advertised
MRU. The Cisco PPP implementation uses the MTU of the interface as the advertised MRU value during
PPP negotiations.
The MTU of a virtual template interface can be manually lowered to compensate for the size of the L2TP header. If the PPP peer listens to the MRU advertised during PPP negotiation, it will adjust its MTU (and indirectly its IP MTU) for that PPP link. This in turn will modify the TCP MSS that the peer advertises when opening up TCP connections.
Because the default MTU for an interface is 1500 bytes, the default MRU is 1500 bytes. Setting the MTU of an interface to 1460 changes the advertised MRU to 1460. This configuration would tell the peer to allow room for a 40-byte L2TP header.
One issue with lowering the MTU on the virtual-template interface is that the IP MTU is automatically lowered as well. It is not possible to configure an IP MTU greater than the MTU on a virtual template interface. This can be an issue if there is a mixture of peer devices that do and do not adjust their MTU based on the advertised
MRU. The clients that are unable to listen to MRU advertisements and adjust accordingly will continue to send full-sized packets to the peer. Packets that are larger than the lowered IP MTU, yet smaller than the normal default IP MTU, will be forced to fragment. For example, an L2TP packet that is 1490 bytes would normally be transmitted without fragmentation. If the MTU has been lowered to 1460 bytes, this packet will be unnecessarily fragmented. In this situation, it would be optimal to advertise a lower MRU to those clients that are capable of listening and adjusting, yet still allow full-sized packets for those clients that are unable to adjust.
Clients that ignore the advertised MRU might experience the PMTUD problems described in the
Using IP MTU Adjustments, on page 135
. PMTUD can be turned off by clearing the DF bit on the inner IP packet.
QoS for VPDN Tunnels
Quality of service (QoS) packet classification features provide the capability to partition network traffic into multiple priority levels or classes of service. Packet classifications provide the information required to coordinate
QoS from end to end within and between networks. Packet classifications are used by other QoS features to assign the appropriate traffic handling policies, including congestion management, bandwidth allocation, and delay bounds for each traffic class.
Packets can be marked for end-to-end QoS using the type of service (ToS) byte in the IP header. The first three bits of the ToS byte are used for IP precedence settings. Four of the remaining five bits are used to set the ToS. The remaining bit of the ToS byte is unassigned.
In a VPDN deployment, IP packets might be classified by an external source such as the customer network or a downstream client. By default, a tunnel endpoint will set the ToS byte in the Layer 2 header to zero, specifying normal service. Depending on the VPDN deployment, you can choose to configure your VPDN network to do one of the following in regard to QoS classifications:
• Ignore existing QoS classifications by leaving the default configuration in place.
• Preserve existing QoS classifications by configuring the tunnel endpoint to copy the ToS byte from the
IP header to the Layer 2 header.
• Configure QoS classifications specific to your VPDN network.
These sections provide additional information on QoS options for VPDN deployments:
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VPDN Group Selection
QoS Classification Preservation
When Layer 2 packets are created the ToS byte value is set to zero by default, indicating normal service. This setting ignores the values of the ToS byte of the encapsulated IP packets that are being tunneled. The tunnel server can be configured to copy the contents of the ToS field of the inner IP packets to the ToS byte of the
Layer 2 header. Copying the ToS field from the IP header to the Layer 2 header preserves end-to-end QoS for tunneled packets.
IP Precedence for VPDN Tunnels
IP precedence settings mark the class of service (CoS) for a packet. The three precedence bits in the ToS field of the IP header can be used to define up to six classes of service. If you choose to manually configure a specific IP precedence value for Layer 2 packets, QoS will not be preserved end-to-end across the tunnel.
ToS Classification for VPDN Tunnels
The ToS bits mark the ToS classification for a packet. Each of the four bits controls a particular aspect of the
ToS--reliability, throughput, delay, and cost. If you choose to manually configure a specific ToS value for
Layer 2 packets, QoS will not be preserved end-to-end across the tunnel.
VPDN Group Selection
The VPDN Group Selection feature allows configuration of multiple VPDN tunnels, between a LAC and
LNS, with different VPDN group configurations.
The VPDN Group Selection feature introduces two new keys that allow an LNS to connect to multiple VPDN tunnels from the same LAC, and to bind to different VPDN groups that use a different VPDN template for customized configurations. These keys are:
• Destination IP address the L2TP Start-Control-Connection-Request (SCCRQ) was received on
• The virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) instance the SCCRQ was received on
The VPDN Group Selection feature allows the LAC to build VPDN tunnels to either different IP addresses or different VRFs.
Benefits of VPDN Group Selection
The VPDN Group Selection feature allows SPs to support multiple VPDN groups or tunnels between a LAC and LNS by using the new VPDN group selection keys destination IP address or VRF ID, in addition to the previously supported hostname selection key. The VPDN Group Selection feature enables SPs to provide customize configurations for each VPDN tunnel.
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How to Configure Additional VPDN Features
How to Configure Additional VPDN Features
Creating a VPDN Template
Perform this task on the NAS or the tunnel server to create a VPDN template. If you remove a named VPDN template configuration, all VPDN groups that were associated with it will automatically be associated with the global VPDN template.
Note • An L2TP tunnel must be established for the VPDN template settings to be used. Once a tunnel has been established, changes in the VPDN template settings will not have an effect on the tunnel until it is brought down and reestablished.
• Not all commands that are available for configuring a VPDN group can be used to configure a VPDN template. For a list of the commands that can be used in VPDN template configuration mode, use the ?
command in VPDN template configuration mode.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-template [ name ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn-template [ name ]
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-template l2tp
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN template and enters VPDN template configuration mode.
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Associating a VPDN Group with a VPDN Template
Associating a VPDN Group with a VPDN Template
VPDN groups are associated with the global VPDN template by default. Individual VPDN groups can be associated with a named VPDN template instead. Associating a VPDN group with a named VPDN template disassociates the VPDN group from the global VPDN template.
Perform this task on the NAS or the tunnel server to associate a specific VPDN group with a named VPDN template, or to reassociate a VPDN group with the global VPDN template if it has been previously disassociated from the global VPDN template.
Before You Begin
• Create and enable the VPDN template. For details, see the "Creating a VPDN Template" section.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
source vpdn-template [ name ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group l2tp source vpdn-template [ name ]
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# source vpdn-template l2tp
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Associates a VPDN group with a VPDN template.
• VPDN groups are associated with the unnamed VPDN template by default.
• If you have disassociated a VPDN group from the VPDN template using the no source vpdn-template command, you can reassociate it by issuing the source vpdn-template command.
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Disassociating a VPDN Group from the VPDN Template
Command or Action Purpose
• Associating a VPDN group with a named VPDN template disassociates it from the global VPDN template.
Disassociating a VPDN Group from the VPDN Template
Individual VPDN groups can be disassociated from the VPDN template if desired, allowing the system default settings to be used for any parameters not configured in the individual VPDN group.
Perform this task on the NAS or the tunnel server to disassociate a specific VPDN group from any VPDN template.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
no source vpdn-template [ name ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group l2tp
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
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Configuring the VPDN Source IP Address
Step 4
Command or Action no source vpdn-template [ name ]
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# no source vpdn-template l2tp
Purpose
Configures an individual VPDN group to use system default settings rather than the VPDN template settings for all unspecified parameters.
• VPDN groups are associated with the unnamed VPDN template by default. Use the no source vpdn-template command to disassociate a VPDN group from its associated VPDN template.
• If you have disassociated a VPDN group from the VPDN template using the no source vpdn-template command, you can reassociate it by issuing the source vpdn-template command.
Configuring the VPDN Source IP Address
Perform one of these tasks to configure a source IP address on a NAS or a tunnel server:
Configuring the Global VPDN Source IP Address
You can configure a single global source IP address on a device. If a source IP address is configured for a
VPDN group, the global source IP address will not be used for tunnels belonging to that VPDN group.
Perform this task on a tunnel endpoint to configure the global source IP address.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn source-ip ip-address
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
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Configuring the VPDN Source IP Address
Step 3
Command or Action
vpdn source-ip ip-address
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn source-ip 10.1.1.1
Purpose
Globally specifies an IP address that is different from the physical IP address used to open a VPDN tunnel.
Configuring the Source IP Address for a VPDN Group
You can configure a source IP address for a specific VPDN group. If a source IP address is configured for a
VPDN group, the global source IP address will not be used for tunnels belonging to that VPDN group.
Perform this task on a tunnel endpoint to configure a source IP address for a specific VPDN group.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
source-ip ip-address
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
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Configuring Additional VPDN Features
Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling
Step 4
Command or Action
source-ip ip-address
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# source-ip 10.1.1.1
Purpose
Specifies an IP address that is different from the physical IP address used to open a VPDN tunnel for the tunnels associated with a VPDN group.
Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling
VRF-aware VPDN tunneling can be configured locally on a NAS, tunnel server, or multihop tunnel switch, or it can be configured in the remote RADIUS server profile. Configuring VRF-aware VPDN tunneling in the RADIUS server profile will propagate the configuration only to a NAS or multihop tunnel switch. To configure VRF-aware VPDN tunnels on a tunnel server, you must configure the tunnel server locally.
Perform one of these tasks to configure a VRF-aware VPDN tunnel:
Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling Locally
VRF-aware VPDN tunneling can be configured locally on a NAS, a tunnel server, or a multihop tunnel switch.
Configuring VRF-aware VPDN tunneling on a device specifies that the tunnel endpoint IP addresses configured for that VPDN group belong to the specified VRF routing table rather than the global routing table.
Perform this task on the multihop tunnel switch, the NAS, or the tunnel server to configure a VPDN tunnel to belong to a VRF.
Before You Begin
• A multihop, dial-in, or dial-out L2TP VPDN tunneling deployment must be configured.
• The source IP address and the destination IP address configured in the L2TP VPDN group must exist in the specified VPN.
• Because VRFs use Cisco Express Forwarding, you must configure Cisco Express Forwarding before performing this task.
Note L2TP is the only tunneling protocol supported for VRF-aware VPDN tunneling.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
vpn { vrf vrf-name | id vpn-id }
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Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group mygroup vpn { vrf vrf-name | id vpn-id }
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# vpn vrf myvrf
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Specifies that the source and destination IP addresses of a given
VPDN group belong to a specified VRF instance.
• vrf vrf-name --Specifies the VRF instance by the VRF name.
• id vpn-id --Specifies the VRF instance by the VPN ID.
Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling on the Remote RADIUS AAA Server
VRF-aware VPDN tunneling can be configured in the remote RADIUS server profile. Configuring VRF-aware
VPDN tunneling on a device specifies that the tunnel endpoint IP addresses configured for that VPDN group belong to the specified VRF routing table rather than the global routing table.
Configuring VRF-aware VPDN tunneling in the RADIUS server profile will propagate the configuration only to a NAS or multihop tunnel switch. To configure VRF-aware VPDN tunnels on a tunnel server, you must configure the tunnel server locally by performing the task in the Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling
Locally section.
Perform this task on the remote RADIUS server. The tunnel attributes configured in the RADIUS server profile will be propagated to the NAS or multihop tunnel switch.
Before You Begin
• A multihop, dial-in, or dial-out L2TP VPDN tunneling deployment must be configured.
• The source IP address and the destination IP address configured in the L2TP VPDN group must exist in the specified VPN.
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Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunneling
• Because VRFs use Cisco Express Forwarding, you must configure Cisco Express Forwarding before performing this task.
• The NAS or tunnel switch must be configured for remote RADIUS AAA. Perform the tasks in the
Configuring AAA on the NAS and the Tunnel Server and Configuring Remote AAA for VPDNs sections in the Configuring AAA for VPDNs module to configure the NAS for remote RADIUS AAA.
• The RADIUS server must be configured for AAA.
Note L2TP is the only tunneling protocol supported for VRF-aware VPDN tunneling.
SUMMARY STEPS
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-id= name
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-id=test
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-type= l2tp
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-type=l2tp
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:vpn-vrf= vrf-name
Example: or
Example:
1.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-id= name
2.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:tunnel-type= l2tp
3.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:vpn-vrf= vrf-name
4.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password= secret
Purpose
Specifies the tunnel ID in the RADIUS user profile.
Specifies L2TP as the tunneling protocol in the RADIUS user profile.
Specifies the VRF instance that the VPDN tunnel should be associated with using the VRF name in the RADIUS user profile.
or
Specifies the VRF instance that the VPDN tunnel should be associated with using the VPN ID in the RADIUS user profile.
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:vpn-id= vpn-id
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Step 4
Command or Action
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:vpn-vrf=myvrf
Example: or
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:vpn-id=A1:3F6C
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password= secret
Example:
Cisco-Avpair = vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password=cisco
Purpose
Specifies the L2TP tunnel password in the RADIUS user profile.
Performing MTU Tuning for L2TP VPDNs
MTU tuning reduces or prevents packet fragmentation and reassembly of L2TP packets in a VPDN deployment.
Because the tunnel server is typically the device that aggregates large numbers of sessions and traffic flows in a VPDN deployment, the performance impact of the process switching required for packet fragmentation and reassembly is most dramatic, and least desirable, on this device.
A number of different methods are available to perform MTU tuning. The goal is to prevent fragmentation of packets after they have been encapsulated for tunneling. The most reliable method of MTU tuning is manually configuring the advertised TCP MSS.
Perform one of these tasks to perform MTU tuning:
Manually Configuring the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments
One method for reducing the amount of fragmentation of tunneled packets is to manually configure the IP
MTU to the largest IP packet size that will not exceed the path MTU between the NAS and the tunnel server once the full Layer 2 header is added to the packet.
Perform this task on the tunnel server to lower the IP MTU manually.
Before You Begin
• An L2TP VPDN deployment must be configured.
• The path MTU between the NAS and the tunnel server should be known.
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SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface virtual-template number
4.
ip mtu bytes
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
interface virtual-template number
Example:
Router(config)# interface virtual-template
1
Creates a virtual template interface that can be configured and applied dynamically in creating virtual access interfaces and enters interface configuration mode.
ip mtu bytes
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip mtu 1460
Sets the MTU size of IP packets sent on an interface.
Note Because Layer 2 headers are 40 bytes, the recommended value for the bytes argument is 1460.
Enabling Automatic Adjustment of the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments
A tunnel server can be configured to automatically adjust the IP MTU of an interface to compensate for the size of the Layer 2 header. The automatic adjustment corrects for the size of the Layer 2 header based on the
MTU of the egress interface of that device. This configuration is effective in preventing fragmentation only when the MTU of that interface is the same as that of the path MTU.
Perform this task on the tunnel server to enable automatic adjustment of the IP MTU.
Before You Begin
• A VPDN deployment must be configured.
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Note • Automatic adjustment of the IP MTU is disabled by default.
• The IP MTU is automatically adjusted only if there is no IP MTU configured manually on the virtual template interface.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
ip mtu adjust
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1 ip mtu adjust
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# ip mtu adjust
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Enables automatic adjustment of the IP MTU on a virtual access interface.
Enabling Path MTU Discovery for VPDNs
If the path MTU between the NAS and the tunnel server is variable or unknown, PMTUD can be enabled for
VPDNs. PMTUD uses the DF bit in the IP header to dynamically discover the smallest MTU among all the interfaces along a routing path.
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Caution When PMTUD is enabled, VPDN deployments are vulnerable to DoS attacks that use crafted ICMP messages to set a connection ’ s path MTU to an impractically low value. This will cause higher layer protocols to time out because of a very low throughput, even though the connection is still in the established state. This type of attack is classified as a throughput-reduction attack. For more information on throughput-reduction attacks and for information on detecting a PMTUD attack on an L2TP VPDN deployment, see the "Additional References" section.
PMTUD might fail when performed over the Internet because some routers or firewalls are configured to filter out all ICMP messages. When the source host does not receive an ICMP Destination Unreachable message from a device that is unable to forward a packet without fragmentation, it will not know to reduce the packet size. The source host will continue to retransmit the same large packet. Because the DF bit is set, these packets will be continually dropped because they exceed the path MTU, and the connection will stop responding entirely.
Perform this task on the tunnel server to enable PMTUD and to protect the L2TP VPDN deployment against throughput-reduction DoS attacks.
Before You Begin
A VPDN deployment must be configured.
Note • Cisco software releases remain vulnerable to throughput-reduction DoS attacks when PMTUD is enabled. The only way to protect against DoS attacks when running these versions of software is to disable PMTUD.
• The software does not support the vpdn pmtu command to configure a range of acceptable values for the path MTU, which can help protect against a throughput-reduction attack.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
ip pmtu
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1 ip pmtu
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# ip pmtu exit
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Enables the discovery of a path MTU for Layer 2 traffic.
Exits VPDN group configuration mode.
Manually Configuring the Advertised TCP MSS
Manually configuring a lower value for the advertised TCP MSS reduces the size of IP packets created by
TCP at the transport layer, reducing or eliminating the amount of packet fragmentation that will occur in a
VPDN deployment.
The default advertised TCP MSS is 1460, which allows room for the 40-byte TCP/IP header. To prevent packet fragmentation over a tunnel, additionally reduce the TCP MSS to provide space for the Layer 2 encapsulation header.
Perform this task on the tunnel server to manually lower the TCP MSS.
Before You Begin
A VPDN deployment must be configured.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface virtual-template number
4.
ip tcp adjust-mss bytes
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DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
interface virtual-template number
Example:
Router(config)# interface virtual-template
1
Creates a virtual template interface that can be configured and applied dynamically in creating virtual access interfaces and enters interface configuration mode.
ip tcp adjust-mss bytes
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip tcp adjust-mss 1420
Adjusts the MSS value of TCP SYN packets going through a router.
Note Because Layer 2 headers are 40 bytes, the recommended value for the bytes argument is 1420.
Configuring MRU Advertising
You can manually configure a lower MTU on the virtual template interface to compensate for the size of the
Layer 2 header. The MTU of the interface is advertised to PPP peers as the MRU. If the peer is running a PPP client that is capable of listening to this advertisement, it can adjust its MTU (and indirectly its IP MTU) for that PPP link. This in turn modifies the TCP MSS that the peer advertises when opening up TCP connections.
Because the default MTU for an interface is 1500 bytes, the default MRU is 1500 bytes. Setting the MTU of an interface to 1460 changes the advertised MRU to 1460. This configuration would tell the peer to allow room for a 40-byte Layer 2 header.
Perform this task on the tunnel server to manually lower the MTU of the virtual template interface.
Before You Begin
A VPDN deployment must be configured.
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Note • MRU negotiation must be supported on the PPP client. One known client that supports MRU negotiations is the Windows XP PPP client. Other commonly deployed PPP clients do not adhere to the advertised PPP MRU as they should. To determine if your PPP client properly responds to the advertised PPP MRU, see the PPP client documentation.
• Changing the MTU value for an interface with the mtu command can affect the value of the ip mtu command. The value specified with the ip mtu command must not be greater than the value specified with the mtu command. If you change the value for the mtu command and the new value would result in an ip mtu value that is higher than the new mtu value, the ip mtu value automatically changes to match the new value configured with the mtu command. Changing the value of the ip mtu commands has no effect on the value of the mtu command.
• If proxy Link Control Protocol (LCP) is running, LCP renegotiation must take place because the
MRU option is set during LCP negotiations. To force LCP renegotiation, configure the lcp renegotiation command for the VPDN group.
• If the MTU is manually lowered for a tunnel server that communicates with a mixture of devices that do and do not listen to MRU advertising, those devices that do not listen might encounter the
PMTUD issues discussed in the "Enabling Path MTU Discovery for VPDNs" section.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface virtual-template number
4.
mtu bytes
5.
exit
6.
vpdn-group name
7.
lcp renegotiation { always | on-mismatch }
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
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Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action
interface virtual-template number
Example:
Router(config)# interface virtual-template
1
Purpose
Creates a virtual template interface that can be configured and applied dynamically in creating virtual access interfaces and enters interface configuration mode.
mtu bytes
Example:
Router(config-if)# mtu 1460
Adjusts the maximum packet size or MTU size.
Note Because Layer 2 headers are 40 bytes, the recommended value for the bytes argument is 1460.
exit (Optional) Exits interface configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-if)# exit
vpdn-group name (Optional) Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1 lcp renegotiation { always | on-mismatch }
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# lcp renegotiation always
(Optional) Allows the tunnel server to renegotiate the PPP LCP on dial-in calls.
Configuring VPDN Group Selection
Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on a Hostname
Use these steps to display the status of an LNS to determine if it is active.
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SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
accept-dialin
5.
protocol l2tp
6.
terminate-from hostname hostname
7.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1 accept-dialin
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Creates a VPDN accept dialin group that configures a tunnel server to accept requests from a network access server (NAS) to tunnel dialin calls, and enters accept dialin VPDN subgroup configuration mode.
protocol l2tp Specifies the tunneling protocol that a VPDN subgroup will use.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
terminate-from hostname hostname
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname example
Specify the hostname of the remote LAC or LNS that will be required when accepting a VPDN tunnel.
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Step 7
Command or Action exit
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Purpose
Exits VPDN accept dialin group configuration mode.
Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on a Source IP Address
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
accept-dialin
5.
protocol l2tp
6.
source-ip ip-address
7.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
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Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action accept-dialin
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# accept dialin protocol l2tp
Purpose
Creates a VPDN accept dialin group that configures a tunnel server to accept requests from a network access server (NAS) to tunnel dialin calls, and enters accept dial-in VPDN subgroup configuration mode.
Specifies the tunneling protocol that a VPDN subgroup will use.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
source-ip ip-address Specifies a source IP addresses to which to map the destination
IP addresses in subscriber traffic.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip
10.10.10.1
exit Exits a VPDN accept dialin group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on VRF
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
accept-dialin
5.
protocol l2tp
6.
vpn vrf vrf-name
7.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action Purpose
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1 accept-dialin
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# accept dialin protocol l2tp
Creates a VPDN accept dialin group that configures a tunnel server to accept requests from a network access server (NAS) to tunnel dialin calls, and enters accept dial-in VPDN subgroup configuration mode.
exit
Specifies the tunneling protocol that a VPDN subgroup will use.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
vpn vrf vrf-name
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf myvrf
Specifies that the source and destination IP addresses of a given
VPDN group belong to a specified Virtual Private Network (VPN) routing and VRF instance.
• vrf vrf-name --Specifies the VRF instance by the VRF name.
Exits accept dialin VPDN subgroup mode.
Example:
Router(config)# exit
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Displaying VPDN Group Selections
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show vpdn group-select
3.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable show vpdn group-select
Example:
Router> show vpdn group-select exit
Example:
Router> exit
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Displays the information for the selected VPDN group.
Exits global configuration mode.
Configuring QoS Packet Classifications for VPDNs
Depending on the VPDN deployment, instead of using the default setting you can choose to configure your
VPDN network to preserve QoS end to end by copying the contents of the ToS byte from the IP header to the
Layer 2 header, or to manually configure custom packet classifications for the VPDN network.
QoS configurations are generally required only on the tunnel server, the device that must manage and prioritize large volumes of outbound traffic.
Perform this task if you choose to preserve end-to-end QoS:
Perform either or both of these tasks to manually configure custom packet classifications for your VPDN deployment:
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Configuring Preservation of QoS Classifications in the ToS Byte
When Layer 2 packets are created the ToS byte value is set to zero by default, indicating normal service. This setting ignores the values of the ToS byte of the encapsulated IP packets that are being tunneled. The tunnel server can be configured to copy the contents of the ToS field of the inner IP packets to the ToS byte of the
Layer 2 header. Copying the ToS field from the IP header to the Layer 2 header preserves end-to-end QoS for tunneled packets.
Perform this task to configure a tunnel server to copy the ToS byte from the IP packet to the Layer 2 header.
Before You Begin
A VPDN deployment must be configured.
Note • The tunneled link must carry IP packets for the ToS field to be preserved.
• Proxy PPP dial-in is not supported.
• The tunneled link must carry IP for the ToS field to be preserved. The encapsulated payload of
Multilink PPP (MLP) connections is not IP, therefore this task has no effect when MLP is tunneled.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
ip tos reflect
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
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Step 4
Command or Action ip tos reflect
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# ip tos reflect
Purpose
Configures a VPDN group to copy the ToS byte value of IP packet to the Layer 2 header.
Manually Configuring the IP Precedence for VPDNs
IP precedence bits of the ToS byte can be manually configured to set a CoS for Layer 2 packets. If you choose to manually configure a specific IP precedence value for Layer 2 packets, QoS will not be preserved end to end across the tunnel.
Perform this task on the tunnel server to manually configure a CoS for Layer 2 packets.
Before You Begin
A VPDN deployment must be configured.
Note Manual configuration of an IP precedence value will override the configuration of the ip tos reflect command.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
ip precedence [ number | name ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
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Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1 ip precedence [ number | name ]
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# ip precedence 1
Purpose
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Sets the precedence value in the VPDN Layer 2 encapsulation header.
Manually Configuring the ToS for VPDN Sessions
The ToS bits can be manually configured to mark the ToS of a packet. If you choose to manually configure a specific ToS value for Layer 2 packets, QoS will not be preserved end-to-end across the tunnel.
Perform this task on the tunnel server to manually configure a CoS for Layer 2 packets.
Before You Begin
A VPDN deployment must be configured.
Note Manual configuration of a ToS value will override the configuration of the ip tos reflect command.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
ip tos { tos-bit-value | max-reliability | max-throughput | min-delay | min-monetary-cost | normal }
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action configure terminal
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group name Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1 ip tos { tos-bit-value | max-reliability | max-throughput | min-delay | min-monetary-cost | normal }
Sets the ToS bits in the VPDN Layer 2 encapsulation header.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# ip tos 9
Configuration Examples for Additional VPDN Features
Example Configuring a Global VPDN Template
The following example configures two VPDN parameters in the unnamed global VPDN template: vpdn-template local name host43 ip tos reflect
Example Configuring a Named VPDN Template
The following example configures two VPDN parameters in a VPDN template named l2tp. The named VPDN template is associated with the VPDN group named l2tp_tunnels.
vpdn-template l2tp
!
l2tp tunnel busy timeout 65 l2tp tunnel password tunnel4me vpdn-group l2tp_tunnels source vpdn-template l2tp_tunnels
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Example Disassociating a VPDN Group from the VPDN Template
Example Disassociating a VPDN Group from the VPDN Template
The following example disassociates the VPDN group named l2tp from the VPDN template. The system default settings will be used for all VPDN parameters that are not specified in the VPDN group configuration.
vpdn-group l2tp no source vpdn-template
Example Configuring a Global VPDN Source IP Address
The following example configures a global source IP address. This source IP address will be used for all tunnels established on the router unless a specific source IP address is configured for a VPDN group.
vpdn source-ip 10.1.1.1
Example Configuring a Source IP Address for a VPDN Group
The following example configures a source IP address for tunnels associated with the VPDN group named tunneling. This source IP address will override any configured global source IP address for tunnels associated with this VPDN group.
vpdn-group tunneling source-ip 10.1.1.2
Example Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels Locally
The following example configures a multihop tunnel switch to connect a NAS to a remote tunnel server within a VRF:
NAS interface loopback 0 ip address 172.16.45.6 255.255.255.255
!
vpdn enable vpdn-group group1 request-dialin protocol l2tp
!
domain cisco.com
initiate-to 10.10.104.9
local name nas32 source-ip 172.16.45.6
l2tp tunnel password secret1
Multihop Tunnel Switch ip vrf cisco-vrf vpn id A1:3F6C
!
interface loopback 0 ip address 10.10.104.22 255.255.255.255
!
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Examples Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels on the Remote RADIUS AAA Server interface loopback 40 ip vrf forwarding cisco-vrf
!
ip address 172.16.40.241 255.255.255.255
vpdn enable vpdn multihop
!
vpdn-group mhopin accept-dialin
!
protocol l2tp virtual-template 4 terminate-from hostname nas32 source-ip 10.10.104.9
!
l2tp tunnel password secret1 vpdn-group mhopout request-dialin protocol l2tp domain cisco.com
!
vpn vrf cisco-vrf initiate-to ip 172.16.45.6
source-ip 172.16.40.241
local name multihop-tsw25 l2tp tunnel password secret2
Tunnel Server interface loopback 0 ip address 172.16.45.6 255.255.255.255
!
vpdn enable vpdn-group cisco accept-dialin protocol l2tp
!
virtual-template 1 terminate-from hostname multihop-tsw25 source-ip 172.16.45.6
local name ts-12 l2tp tunnel password secret2
Examples Configuring VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels on the Remote RADIUS AAA
Server
The following examples configure VRF-aware VPDN tunnels for a service provider network. The AAA
RADIUS server user profile defines VPDN tunnel attributes, which can propagate to multiple NASs or tunnel switches.
RADIUS User Profile--VRF Name
The following example specifies that the source and destination IP addresses belong to the VPN named vpn-first: cisco.com Password = "secret"
Service-Type = Outbound-User, cisco-avpair = "vpdn:tunnel-id=LAC", cisco-avpair = "vpdn:tunnel-type=l2tp", cisco-avpair = "vpdn:ip-addresses=10.0.0.1", cisco-avpair = "vpdn:source-ip=10.0.0.9", cisco-avpair = "vpdn:vpn-vrf=vpn-first" cisco-avpair = "vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password=supersecret"
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Example Manually Configuring the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments
RADIUS User Profile--VRF ID
The following example specifies that the source and destination IP addresses belong to the VPN with the ID
A1:3F6C: cisco.com Password = "secret"
Service-Type = Outbound-User, cisco-avpair = "vpdn:tunnel-id=LAC", cisco-avpair = "vpdn:tunnel-type=l2tp", cisco-avpair = "vpdn:ip-addresses=10.0.0.1", cisco-avpair = "vpdn:source-ip=10.0.0.9", cisco-avpair = "vpdn:vpn-id=A1:3F6C" cisco-avpair = "vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password=supersecret"
Example Manually Configuring the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments
The following example manually configures an IP MTU of 1460 bytes for all tunnels that use the virtual-template named 1: interface virtual-template 1 ip mtu 1460
Example Enabling Automatic Adjustment of the IP MTU for VPDN Deployments
The following example configures tunnels associated with the VPDN group named tunneler to automatically adjust the IP MTU based on the MTU of the egress interface of the device: vpdn-group tunneler ip mtu adjust
Example Manually Configuring the Advertised TCP MSS
The following example manually configures a TCP MSS of 1420 bytes for all tunnels that use the virtual template named 2: interface virtual-template 2 ip tcp adjust-mss 1420
Example Configuring MRU Advertising
The following example manually configures an MTU of 1460 bytes for all tunnels that use the virtual template named 3. The VPDN group named mytunnels is configured to perform LCP renegotiation because it uses proxy LCP.
interface virtual-template 3 mtu 1460
!
vpdn-group mytunnels lcp renegotiation always
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Example Configuring Preservation of QoS Classifications in the ToS Byte
Example Configuring Preservation of QoS Classifications in the ToS Byte
The following example configures preservation of the IP ToS field for an existing VPDN group named out1: vpdn-group out1 ip tos reflect
Example Manually Configuring the IP Precedence for VPDNs
The following example manually configures an IP precedence value for an existing VPDN group named out2: vpdn-group out2 ip precedence priority
Example Manually Configuring the ToS for VPDN Sessions
The following example manually configures a ToS classification for an existing VPDN group named out3: vpdn-group out3 ip tos 9
Configuration Examples for VPDN Group Selection
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on Hostname
The following example configuration shows a LAC-1 building a VPDN tunnel to an LNS, and the LNS would terminating the session on vpdn-group 1:
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-1
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on an IP Address
The following example configuration shows a LAC-1/LAC-2 building a VPDN tunnel to IP address 10.10.10.1, and the LNS terminating the session on vpdn-group 1. If an LAC-1/LAC-2 builds a VPDN tunnel to IP address
10.10.10.2, the LNS terminates the session on vpdn-group 2. Any source IP address match is optional.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# vpdn-group 2
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Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.2
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on VRF
The following example configuration shows a LAC sending a SCCRQ on service-A, and the LNS terminating the tunnel on vpdn-group 1. When an LAC sends a SCCRQ on service-B, the LNS would terminate the tunnel on vpdn-group 2.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-A
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# vpdn-group 2
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-B
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on a Hostname and IP Address
The following example configuration shows a LAC-1 building a VPDN tunnel to IP address 10.10.10.1, and the LNS terminating the session on vpdn-group 1. If LAC-1 builds a VPDN tunnel to IP address 10.10.10.2, the LNS terminates the session on vpdn-group 2. If LAC-2 builds a VPDN tunnel to IP addresses 10.10.10.1
or 10.10.10.2, the LNS terminates the session on vpdn-group 3.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# vpdn-group 2
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.2
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# vpdn-group 3
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-2
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on Hostname and VRF
The following example configuration shows a LAC-1 sending an SCCRQ on vrf service-A with any destination
IP address, and the LNS terminating the VPDN tunnel on vpdn-group 1. If LAC-1 sends an SCCRQ on vrf service-B with any destination IP address, the LNS terminates the VPDN tunnel on vpdn-group 2. If LAC-2
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Configuration Examples for VPDN Group Selection sends an SCCRQ on vrf service-B with any destination IP address, the LNS terminates the VPDN tunnel on vpdn-group 3.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-A
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# vpdn-group 2
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-B
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# vpdn-group 3
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-B
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-2
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on an IP Address and VRF
The following example configuration shows a LAC-1/LAC-2 sending an SCCRQ on vrf service-A to destination
IP address 10.10.10.1, and the LNS terminating the VPDN tunnel on vpdn-group 1. If LAC-1/LAC-2 sends an SCCRQ on vrf service-A to destination IP address 10.10.10.2, the LNS terminates the VPDN tunnel on vpdn-group 2.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-A
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# vpdn-group 2
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-A
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.2
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Example Configuring VPDN Group Selection Based on Hostname VRF and IP Address
The following example configuration shows a LAC-1 sending an SCCRQ on vrf service-A to destination IP address 10.10.10.1, and the LNS terminating the VPDN tunnel on vpdn-group 1. If LAC-1 sends an SCCRQ on vrf service-B to destination IP address 10.10.10.1, the LNS terminates the VPDN tunnel on vpdn-group
2.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-A
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-1
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Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# vpdn-group 2
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# vpn vrf service-B
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate-from hostname LAC-1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.10.10.1
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Examples Displaying VPDN Group Selection
The VPDN Group Selection feature allows you to display VPDN group information based in a source IP address, a hostname, or VFR.
For examples purposes, the following configuration will be used for the display examples.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group vgdefault
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 20
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# local name lns
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password 0 example
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# vpdn-group vg-ip2
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 5
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.1.1.2
Router(config-vpdn)# local name lns
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password 0 example
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# vpdn-group vg-ip3
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 5
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# source-ip 10.1.1.3
Router(config-vpdn)# local name lns
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password 0 example
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# vpdn-group vg-lts
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in) # protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 5
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate host lts
Router(config-vpdn)# local name lns
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password 0 example
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# vpdn-group vg-lts1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 5
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate host lts1
Router(config-vpdn)# local name lns
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password 0 example
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# vpdn-group vg-lts1-ip2
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 5
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# terminate host lts1
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Where to Go Next
Router(config-vpdn)# source-ip 10.1.1.2
Router(config-vpdn)# local name lns
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password 0 example
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Router(config)# end
Examples Displaying VPDN Group-Select Summaries
The following example shows VPDN group-select information for the example configuration.
Router# show vpdn group-select summary
VPDN Group Vrf Remote Name vg-ip2 10.1.1.2
l2tp
Source-IP Protocol accept-dialin vg-ip3 vg-lts vg-lts1 vg-lts1-ip2 vgdefault lts
10.1.1.3
lts1 vfr101
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
lts1
0.0.0.0
l2tp l2tp l2tp l2tp accept-dialin
10.1.1.2
accept-dialin accept-dialin l2tp accept-dialin
Direction accept-dialin
The following is sample output from the show vpdn group-select keys command for a host with the name lac-1 and an IP address of 10.0.0.1:
Router# show vpdn group-select keys vrf vrf-blue hostname lac-1 source-ip 10.0.0.1
VPDN Group Vrf Hostname Source Ip vg1 vrf-blue lac-1 10.0.0.1
The following shows an example output for the show vpdn group-select default command for the example configuration:
Router# show vpdn group-select default
Default VPDN Group Protocol vgdefault
None pptp l2tp
The following is sample output from the show vpdn group-select keys command for a host with the name lac-5 and an IP address of 10.1.1.0, and VRF name vrf-red:
Router# show vpdn group-select keys vrf vrf-red hostname lac-5 source-ip 10.1.1.0
VPDN Group
Vg2
Vrf vrf-red
Hostname lac-5
Source Ip
10.1.1.0
Where to Go Next
You can perform any of the relevant optional tasks in the VPDN Tunnel Management module.
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
VPDN technology overview
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
VPDN Technology Overview
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Additional References
Related Topic
VPDN commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Document Title
Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference
Dial Technologies commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Command Reference
Cisco IOS Security Command Reference Security commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Information about QoS classification
QoS commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Classification Overview module
Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command
Reference
Information on MTU tuning for L2TP tunneling deployments
MTU Tuning for L2TP
Information on IP packet fragmentation and PMTUD IP Fragmentation and PMTUD
Information on throughput-reduction DoS attacks Crafted ICMP Messages Can Cause Denial of Service
Standards
Standard
None
Title
--
MIBs
MIB
None
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
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RFCs
RFC
RFC 1191
RFC 2661
RFC 2923
Title
Path MTU Discovery
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
TCP Problems with Path MTU Discovery
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for Additional VPDN Features
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 12: Feature Information for Configuring Additional VPDN Features
Feature Name
VPDN Default Group Template
Software Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Feature Configuration Information
This feature introduces the ability to configure global default values for VPDN group parameters in a
VPDN template. These global default values are applied to all
VPDN groups, unless specific values are configured for individual
VPDN groups.
The following commands were introduced by this feature: source vpdn-template and vpdn-template .
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Feature Information for Additional VPDN Features
Feature Name
VPDN Group Selection
VPN Routing Forwarding (VRF)
Framed Route (Pool) Assignment via PPP
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
VRF-Aware VPDN Tunnels
Software Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.2
Feature Configuration Information
This feature configures customized, multiple VPDN tunnels with different VPDN group configurations between a LAC and an LNS.
The following command were introduced by this feature: show vpdn group-select and show vpdn group-select keys.
This feature introduces support to make the following RADIUS attributes VRF aware: attribute 22
(Framed-Route), a combination of attribute 8 (Framed-IP-Address) and attribute 9
(Framed-IP-Netmask), and the
Cisco VSA route command. Thus, static IP routes can be applied to a particular VRF routing table rather than the global routing table.
This feature enhances the support of VPDN tunnels by allowing
VPDN tunnels to start outside an
MPLS VPN and terminate within the MPLS VPN.
The following command was introduced by this feature: vpn .
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6
VPDN Tunnel Management
This module contains information about managing virtual private dialup network (VPDN) tunnels and monitoring VPDN events. The tasks documented in this module should be performed only after configuring and deploying a VPDN.
•
Finding Feature Information, page 175
•
Prerequisites for VPDN Tunnel Management, page 175
•
Restrictions for VPDN Tunnel Management, page 176
•
Information About VPDN Tunnel Management, page 176
•
How to Manage VPDN Tunnels, page 178
•
Configuration Examples for VPDN Tunnel Management, page 194
•
Additional References, page 198
•
Feature Information for VPDN Tunnel Management, page 199
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Prerequisites for VPDN Tunnel Management
Before you can perform the tasks in this module, you must configure a VPDN deployment. For an overview of VPDN deployments, see the VPDN Technology Overview module.
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Restrictions for VPDN Tunnel Management
Restrictions for VPDN Tunnel Management
VPDN tunnels using the Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) protocol or Point-to-Point Tunnel Protocol (PPTP) are not supported.
Information About VPDN Tunnel Management
Termination of VPDN Tunnels
VPDN tunnels can be terminated manually or through a soft shutdown. Manual termination of a VPDN tunnel results in the immediate shutdown of the specified VPDN tunnel and all sessions within that tunnel, resulting in a sudden disruption of VPDN services. Enabling soft shutdown on a router prevents the establishment of new VPDN sessions in all VPDN tunnels that terminate on that router, but does not affect existing sessions.
Opting to terminate a VPDN tunnel by enabling soft shutdown prevents the disruption of established sessions that occurs when a VPDN tunnel is manually terminated.
VPDN Session Limits
The number of simultaneous VPDN sessions that can be established on a router can be manually configured, providing network administrators more control over the network. VPDN session limits can increase performance and reduce latency for routers that are otherwise forced to operate at high capacity.
The maximum number of VPDN sessions can be configured globally, at the level of a VPDN group, or for all VPDN groups associated with a particular VPDN template.
The hierarchy for the application of VPDN session limits is as follows:
• Globally configured session limits take precedence over session limits configured for a VPDN group or in a VPDN template. The total number of sessions on a router cannot exceed a configured global session limit.
• Session limits configured for a VPDN template are enforced for all VPDN groups associated with that
VPDN template. The total number of sessions for all of the associated VPDN groups cannot exceed the configured VPDN template session limit.
• Session limits configured for a VPDN group are enforced for that VPDN group.
Control Packet Parameters for VPDN Tunnels
Certain control packet timers, retry counters, and the advertised control packet receive window size can be configured for Layer 2 Transport Protocol (L2TP) or Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) VPDN tunnels. Adjustments to these parameters allow fine-tuning of router performance to suit the particular needs of the VPDN deployment.
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L2TP Congestion Avoidance
L2TP Congestion Avoidance
L2TP congestion avoidance provides packet flow control and congestion avoidance by throttling L2TP control messages as described in RFC 2661. Throttling L2TP control message packets prevents input buffer overflows on the peer tunnel endpoint, which can result in dropped sessions.
Before the introduction of L2TP congestion avoidance, the window size used to send packets between the network access server (NAS) and the tunnel server was set to the value advertised by the peer endpoint and was never changed. Configuring L2TP congestion avoidance allows the L2TP packet window to be dynamically resized using a sliding window mechanism. The window size grows larger when packets are delivered successfully, and is reduced when dropped packets must be retransmitted.
L2TP congestion avoidance is useful in networks with a relatively high rate of calls being placed by either tunnel endpoint. L2TP congestion avoidance is also useful on highly scalable platforms that support many simultaneous sessions.
How L2TP Congestion Avoidance Works
TCP/IP and RFC 2661 define two algorithms--slow start and congestion avoidance--used to throttle control message traffic between a NAS and a tunnel server. Slow start and congestion avoidance are two independent algorithms that work together to control congestion. Slow start and congestion avoidance require that two variables, a slow start threshold (SSTHRESH) size and a congestion window (CWND) size, be maintained by the sending device for each connection.
The congestion window defines the number of packets that can be transmitted before the sender must wait for an acknowledgment from its peer. The size of the congestion window expands and contracts, but can never exceed the size of the peer device ’ s advertised receive window.
The slow start threshold defines the point at which the sending device switches operation from slow start mode to congestion avoidance mode. When the congestion window size is smaller than the slow start threshold, the device operates in slow start mode. When the congestion window size equals the slow start threshold, the device switches to congestion avoidance mode.
When a new connection is established, the sending device initially operates in slow start mode. The congestion window size is initialized to one packet, and the slow start threshold is set to the receive window size advertised by the peer tunnel endpoint (the receiving side).
The sending device begins by transmitting one packet and waiting for it to be acknowledged. When the acknowledgment is received, the congestion window size is incremented from one to two, and two packets can be sent. When those two packets are each acknowledged, the congestion window is increased to four. The congestion window doubles for each complete round trip, resulting in an exponential increase in size.
When the congestion window size reaches the slow start threshold value, the sending device switches over to operate in congestion avoidance mode. Congestion avoidance mode slows down the rate at which the congestion window size grows. In congestion avoidance mode, for every acknowledgment received the congestion window increases at the rate of 1 divided by the congestion window size. This results in linear, rather than exponential, growth of the congestion window size.
At some point, the capacity of the peer device will be exceeded and packets will be dropped. This indicates to the sending device that the congestion window has grown too large. When a retransmission event is detected, the slow start threshold value is reset to half of the current congestion window size, the congestion window size is reset to one, and the device switches operation to slow start mode (if it was not already operating in that mode).
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VPDN Event Logging
VPDN Event Logging
There are two types of VPDN event logging available, VPDN failure event logging and generic VPDN event logging. The logging of VPDN failure events is enabled by default. Generic VPDN event logging is disabled by default, and must be explicitly enabled before generic event messages can be viewed.
How to Manage VPDN Tunnels
Manually Terminating VPDN Tunnels
Manual termination of a VPDN tunnel results in the immediate shutdown of the specified VPDN tunnel and all sessions within that tunnel, resulting in a sudden disruption of VPDN services. Before manually terminating a VPDN tunnel, consider performing the task in the
Enabling Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels, on page 179
instead.
A manually terminated VPDN tunnel can be restarted immediately when a user logs in. Manually terminating and restarting a VPDN tunnel while VPDN event logging is enabled can provide useful troubleshooting information about VPDN session establishment.
Perform this task to manually shut down a specific VPDN tunnel, resulting in the termination of the tunnel and all sessions in that tunnel. You can perform this task on these devices:
• The tunnel server
• The NAS when it is functioning as a tunnel endpoint
Note • For client-initiated L2TP tunnels, you can perform this task only on the tunnel server.
• Tunnels using the L2F protocol and PPTP are not supported.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
clear vpdn tunnel l2tp { all | hostname remote-name [ local-name ] | id local-id | ip local-ip-address |
ip remote-ip-address }
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
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Enabling Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels
Step 2
Command or Action clear vpdn tunnel l2tp { all | hostname remote-name
[ local-name ] | id local-id | ip local-ip-address | ip remote-ip-address }
Example:
Router# clear vpdn tunnel l2tp all
Purpose
Shuts down a specified tunnel and all sessions within the tunnel.
Enabling Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels
Enabling soft shutdown of VPDN tunnels on a router prevents the establishment of new VPDN sessions in all VPDN tunnels that terminate on that router, but does not affect existing sessions. Opting to terminate a
VPDN tunnel by enabling soft shutdown prevents the disruption of established sessions that occurs when a
VPDN tunnel is manually terminated. Enabling soft shutdown on a router or access server will affect all of the tunnels terminating on that device. There is no way to enable soft shutdown for a specific tunnel. If you want to shut down a specific tunnel on a device without affecting any other tunnels, see the
Terminating VPDN Tunnels, on page 178
instead.
When soft shutdown is performed on a NAS, the potential session will be authorized before it is refused. This authorization ensures that accurate accounting records can be kept.
When soft shutdown is performed on a tunnel server, the reason for the session refusal will be returned to the
NAS. This information is recorded in the VPDN history failure table.
Note Enabling soft shutdown of VPDN tunnels does not affect the establishment of Multichassis Multilink PPP
(MMP) tunnels.
Perform this task to prevent new sessions from being established in any VPDN tunnel terminating on the router without disturbing service for existing sessions. You can perform this task on these devices:
• The tunnel server
• The NAS when it is functioning as a tunnel endpoint
Note • For client-initiated L2TP tunnels, you can perform this task only on the tunnel server.
• Enabling soft shutdown of VPDN tunnels will not prevent new MMP sessions from being established.
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Verifying the Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn softshut
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn softshut
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn softshut
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Prevents new sessions from being established on a VPDN tunnel without disturbing existing sessions.
Verifying the Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels
Perform this task to ensure that soft shutdown is working properly.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
Establish a VPDN session by dialing in to the NAS using an allowed username and password.
2.
enable
3.
configure terminal
4.
vpdn softshut
5.
exit
6.
show vpdn
7.
Attempt to establish a new VPDN session by dialing in to the NAS using a second allowed username and password.
8.
show vpdn history failure
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DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Command or Action
Establish a VPDN session by dialing in to the NAS using an allowed username and password.
enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn softshut Prevents new sessions from being established on a VPDN tunnel without disturbing existing sessions. You can issue this command on either the NAS or the tunnel server.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn softshut exit Exits to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config)# exit show vpdn Displays information about active L2TP or L2F tunnels and message identifiers in a VPDN. Issue this command to verify that the original session is active:
Example:
Router# show vpdn
Attempt to establish a new VPDN session by dialing in to the NAS using a second allowed username and password.
If soft shutdown has been enabled, a system logging (syslog) message appears on the console of the soft shutdown router.
show vpdn history failure Displays the content of the history failure table.
Example:
Router# show vpdn history failure
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Limiting the Number of Allowed Simultaneous VPDN Sessions
Limiting the Number of Allowed Simultaneous VPDN Sessions
The number of simultaneous VPDN sessions that can be established on a router can be manually configured, providing network administrators more control over the network. VPDN session limits can increase performance and reduce latency for routers that are otherwise forced to operate at high capacity.
The maximum number of VPDN sessions can be configured globally, at the level of a VPDN group, or for all VPDN groups associated with a particular VPDN template.
The hierarchy for the application of VPDN session limits is as follows:
• Globally configured session limits take precedence over session limits configured for a VPDN group or in a VPDN template. The total number of sessions on a router cannot exceed a configured global session limit.
• Session limits configured for a VPDN template are enforced for all VPDN groups associated with that
VPDN template. The total number of sessions for all of the associated VPDN groups cannot exceed the configured VPDN template session limit.
• Session limits configured for a VPDN group are enforced for that VPDN group.
For an example of the interactions of global, template-level, and group-level VPDN session limits, see the
"Examples Configuring VPDN Session Limits" section.
Perform any or all of the following optional tasks to configure VPDN session limits:
You can perform these tasks on the NAS or the tunnel server.
Restrictions
For client-initiated L2TP tunnels, you can perform these tasks only on the tunnel server.
Configuring Global VPDN Session Limits
Perform this task to limit the total number of VPDN sessions allowed on the router.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn session-limit sessions
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
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Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn session-limit sessions
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn session-limit 6
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Limits the number of simultaneous VPDN sessions globally on the router.
Configuring VPDN Session Limits in a VPDN Template
Perform this task to configure a session limit in a VPDN template. The session limit is applied across all
VPDN groups associated with the VPDN template.
Before You Begin
• A VPDN template must be configured. See the "Creating a VPDN Template" section in the "Configuring
Additional VPDN Features" module.
• If you configure a named VPDN template, you must associate the desired VPDN groups with the VPDN template. See the "Associating a VPDN Group with a VPDN Template" section in the "Configuring
Additional VPDN Features" module.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-template [ name ]
4.
group session-limit sessions
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn-template [ name ]
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-template l2tp
group session-limit sessions
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-templ)# group session-limit 6
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN template and enters VPDN template configuration mode.
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent sessions allowed across all VPDN groups associated with a particular
VPDN template.
Configuring Session Limits for a VPDN Group
Perform this task to limit the number of VPDN sessions at the VPDN group level.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
session-limit number
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
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Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
session-limit number
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# session-limit 2
Purpose
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Limits the number of sessions that are allowed through a specified VPDN group.
Verifying VPDN Session Limits
Perform this task to ensure that VPDN sessions are being limited properly.
Note If you use a Telnet session to connect to the NAS, enable the terminal monitor command, which ensures that your EXEC session is receiving the logging and debug output from the NAS.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn session-limit sessions
4.
Establish a VPDN session by dialing in to the NAS using an allowed username and password.
5.
Attempt to establish a new VPDN session by dialing in to the NAS using a second allowed username and password.
6.
exit
7.
show vpdn history failure
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2 enable
Enter this command to enable privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode.
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Configuring L2TP Control Packet Parameters for VPDN Tunnels
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn session-limit sessions
Limits the number of simultaneous VPDN sessions on the router to the number specified with the sessions argument.
Issue this command on either the NAS or the tunnel server.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn session-limit 1
Establish a VPDN session by dialing in to the NAS using an allowed username and password.
Attempt to establish a new VPDN session by dialing in to the NAS using a second allowed username and password.
If VPDN session limits have been configured properly, this session will be refused and a syslog message similar to the following should appear on the console of the router:
Example:
00:11:17:%VPDN-6-MAX_SESS_EXCD:L2F HGW tunnelserver1 has exceeded configured local session-limit and rejected user [email protected]
exit
Exits to privileged EXEC mode.
show vpdn history failure
Shows the content of the history failure table.
Example:
Router# show vpdn history failure
User:[email protected]
NAS:NAS1, IP address = 172.25.52.8, CLID = 2
Gateway:tunnelserver1, IP address = 172.25.52.7, CLID = 13
Log time:00:04:21, Error repeat count:1
Failure type:Exceeded configured VPDN maximum session limit.
!This output shows that the configured session limit is being properly applied.
Failure reason:
Configuring L2TP Control Packet Parameters for VPDN Tunnels
Control packet timers, retry counters, and the advertised control packet receive window size can be configured for L2TP VPDN tunnels. Adjustments to these parameters allow fine-tuning of router performance to suit the particular needs of the VPDN deployment.
Perform this task to configure control packet parameters if your VPDN configuration uses L2TP tunnels. The configuration of each parameter is optional. If a parameter is not manually configured, the default value will be used.
You can perform this task on these devices:
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• The tunnel server
• The NAS when it is functioning as a tunnel endpoint
Before You Begin
Load balancing must be enabled for the configuration of the l2tp tunnel retransmit initial timeout command or the l2tp tunnel retransmit initial retries command to have any effect.
Note For client-initiated L2TP tunnels, you can perform this task only on the tunnel server.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group name
4.
l2tp tunnel hello seconds
5.
l2tp tunnel receive window packets
6.
l2tp tunnel retransmit retries number
7.
l2tp tunnel retransmit timeout { min | max } seconds
8.
l2tp tunnel timeout no-session { seconds | never }
9.
l2tp tunnel timeout setup seconds
10.
l2tp tunnel zlb delay seconds
11.
l2tp tunnel retransmit initial timeout { min | max } seconds
12.
l2tp tunnel retransmit initial retries number
13.
l2tp tunnel busy timeout seconds
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
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Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Command or Action
vpdn-group name
Purpose
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group group1
l2tp tunnel hello seconds
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel hello 90
(Optional) Set the number of seconds between sending hello keepalive packets for an L2TP tunnel.
• seconds --Time, in seconds, that the NAS and tunnel server will wait before sending the next L2TP tunnel keepalive packet. Valid values range from 0 to 1000. The default value is 60.
l2tp tunnel receive window packets
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel receive window 500
(Optional) Configures the number of packets allowed in the local receive window for an L2TP control channel.
• packets --Number of packets allowed in the receive window. Valid values range from 1 to 5000. The default value varies by platform.
l2tp tunnel retransmit retries number (Optional) Configures the number of retransmission attempts made for an
L2TP control packet.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit retries 8
• number --Number of retransmission attempts. Valid values range from
5 to 1000. The default value is 10.
l2tp tunnel retransmit timeout { min | max } seconds
(Optional) Configures the amount of time that the router will wait before resending an L2TP control packet.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit timeout max 4
• min --Specifies the minimum time that the router will wait before resending a control packet.
• max --Specifies the maximum time that the router will wait before resending a control packet.
• seconds --Timeout length, in seconds, the router will wait before resending a control packet. Valid values range from 1 to 8. The default minimum value is 1. The default maximum value is 8.
l2tp tunnel timeout no-session { seconds
| never }
(Optional) Configures the time a router waits after an L2TP tunnel becomes empty before tearing down the tunnel.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel timeout no-session never
• seconds --Time, in seconds, the router will wait before tearing down an empty L2TP tunnel. Valid values range from 0 to 86400. If the router is configured as a NAS, the default is 15 seconds. If the router is configured as a tunnel server, the default is 10.
• never --Specifies that the router will never tear down an empty L2TP tunnel.
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Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Command or Action
l2tp tunnel timeout setup seconds
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel timeout setup 25
Purpose
(Optional) Configures the amount of time that the router will wait for a confirmation message after sending out the initial L2TP control packet before considering a peer busy.
• seconds --Time, in seconds, the router will wait for a confirmation message. Valid values range from 60 to 6000. The default value is 10.
l2tp tunnel zlb delay seconds
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel zlb delay 2
(Optional) Configures the delay time before a zero length bit (ZLB) control message must be acknowledged.
• seconds --Maximum number of seconds the router will delay before acknowledging ZLB control messages. Valid values range from 1 to 5.
The default value is 3.
l2tp tunnel retransmit initial timeout
{ min | max } seconds
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit initial timeout min 2
(Optional) Sets the amount of time, in seconds, that the router will wait before resending an initial packet out to establish a tunnel.
• min --Specifies the minimum time that the router will wait before resending an initial packet.
• max --Specifies the maximum time that the router will wait before resending an initial packet.
• seconds --Timeout length, in seconds, the router will wait before resending an initial packet. Valid values range from 1 to 8. The default minimum value is 1. The default maximum value is 8.
l2tp tunnel retransmit initial retries number
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit initial retries 5
l2tp tunnel busy timeout seconds
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel busy timeout 90
Note Load balancing must be configured for the retry counter configured with the l2tp tunnel retransmit initial timeout command to take effect.
(Optional--Cisco IOS Release 12.2(4)T, Cisco IOS Release 12.2(28)SB, or a later release) Sets the number of times that the router will attempt to send out the initial control packet for tunnel establishment before considering a router busy.
• number --Number of retransmission attempts. Valid values range from
1 to 1000. The default value is 2.
Note Load balancing must be configured for the retry counter configured with the l2tp tunnel retransmit initial retries command to take effect.
(Optional) Configures the amount of time, in seconds, that the router will wait before attempting to recontact a router that was previously busy.
• seconds --Time, in seconds, the router will wait before checking for router availability. Valid values range from 60 to 6000. The default value is 300.
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Configuring L2TP Congestion Avoidance
Configuring L2TP Congestion Avoidance
Perform this task to configure L2TP congestion avoidance on a tunnel endpoint, allowing dynamic throttling of the L2TP control packet window size.
You can perform this task on these devices:
• The tunnel server
• The NAS when it is functioning as a tunnel endpoint
This task need be performed only on the sending device.
Note • This task is compatible only with VPDN deployments that use the L2TP tunneling protocol.
• For client-initiated L2TP tunnels, you can perform this task only on the tunnel server.
• The congestion window size cannot exceed the size of the advertised receive window set by the l2tp tunnel receive-window command on the peer device. To configure the advertised receive window on the remote peer device, see the
Configuring L2TP Control Packet Parameters for VPDN Tunnels,
on page 186 .
• L2TP congestion avoidance is enabled (or disabled) only for those tunnels that are established after the configuration has been applied. Tunnels that already exist when the l2tp congestion-control command is issued are not affected by the command.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
l2tp congestion-control
4.
exit
5.
show vpdn tunnel l2tp all
6.
debug vpdn l2x-events
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Command or Action configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal l2tp congestion-control
Example:
Router(config)# l2tp congestion-control exit
Example:
Router(config)# exit show vpdn tunnel l2tp all
Example:
Router# show vpdn tunnel l2tp all debug vpdn l2x-events
Example:
Router(config)# debug vpdn l2x-events
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables L2TP congestion avoidance.
Exits to privileged EXEC mode.
Displays information about all active L2TP VPDN tunnels.
Displays troubleshooting information for protocol-specific VPDN tunneling events.
Configuring VPDN Failure Event Logging
Logging of a failure event to the history table is triggered by event logging by the syslog facility. The syslog facility creates a history failure table, which keeps records of failure events. The table defaults to a maximum of 20 entries, but the size of the table can be configured to retain up to 50 entries.
Failure entries are kept chronologically in the history table. Each entry records the relevant information of a failure event. Only the most recent failure event per user, unique to its name and tunnel client ID (CLID), is kept. When the total number of entries in the table reaches the configured maximum table size, the oldest record is deleted and a new entry is added.
The logging of VPDN failure events to the VPDN history failure table is enabled by default. You need enable
VPDN failure event logging only if it has been previously disabled. Perform this task to enable VPDN failure event logging, to configure the maximum number of entries the history failure table can hold, and to display and clear the contents of the VPDN history failure table.
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SUMMARY STEPS
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn history failure
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn history failure
Step 4
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn history failure
4.
vpdn history failure table-size entries
5.
exit
6.
show vpdn history failure
7.
clear vpdn history failure
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
(Optional) Enables logging of VPDN failure events to the history failure table.
Note VPDN history failure logging is enabled by default. You need issue the vpdn history failure command only if you have previously disabled VPDN history failure logging using the no vpdn history failure command.
(Optional) Sets the history failure table size.
Note The VPDN history failure table size can be configured only when VPDN failure event logging is enabled using the vpdn history failure command.
Step 5
Step 6
vpdn history failure table-size entries
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn history failure table-size 50 exit
Example:
Router# exit show vpdn history failure
Example:
Router# show vpdn history failure
Exits to privileged EXEC mode.
(Optional) Displays the contents of the history failure table.
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Step 7
Command or Action clear vpdn history failure
Example:
Router# clear vpdn history failure
Purpose
(Optional) Clears the contents of the history failure table.
Enabling Generic VPDN Event Logging
Generic VPDN events are a mixture of error, warning, notification, and information reports logged by the syslog facility. When VPDN event logging is enabled locally or at a remote tunnel endpoint, VPDN event messages are printed to the console as the events occur. VPDN event messages can also be reported to a remote authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server in a AAA vendor-specific attribute (VSA), allowing the correlation of VPDN call success rates with accounting records.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn logging [ accounting | local | remote | tunnel-drop | user ]
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn logging [ accounting | local | remote | tunnel-drop | user ]
(Optional) Enables the logging of generic VPDN events.
Example:
• You can configure as many types of generic VPDN event logging as you want by issuing multiple instances of the vpdn logging command.
Router(config)# vpdn logging remote
Note The reporting of VPDN event log messages to a AAA server can be enabled independently of all other generic VPDN event logging configurations.
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Configuration Examples for VPDN Tunnel Management
Command or Action Purpose
Configuration Examples for VPDN Tunnel Management
Examples Manually Terminating VPDN Tunnels
The following example manually terminates all L2TP tunnels that terminate on the router:
Router# clear vpdn tunnel l2tp all
Example Enabling Soft Shutdown of VPDN Tunnels
The following example enables soft shutdown of all VPDN tunnels that terminate on the device that the command is issue on:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn softshut
!The following syslog message will appear on the device whenever an attempt is made to
!establish a new VPDN session after soft shutdown is enabled.
!
00:11:17:%VPDN-6-SOFTSHUT:L2TP HGW tunnelserver1 has turned on softshut and rejected user [email protected]
Examples Configuring VPDN Session Limits
The following example configures a VPDN group named customer7 with a group-level session limit of 25.
No more than 25 sessions can be associated with this VPDN group.
Router(config)# vpdn-group customer7
Router(config-vpdn)# session-limit 25
A VPDN template named customer4 is then created, and a session limit of 8 is configured at the VPDN template level. Two VPDN groups are associated with the VPDN template, each with a VPDN group-level session limit of 5.
Router(config)# vpdn-template customer4
Router(config-vpdn-templ)# group session-limit 8
!
Router(config)# vpdn-group customer4_l2tp
Router(config-vpdn)# source vpdn-template customer4
Router(config-vpdn)# session-limit 5
!
Router(config)# vpdn-group customer4_l2f
Router(config-vpdn)# source vpdn-template customer4
Router(config-vpdn)# session-limit 5
With this configuration, if the VPDN group named customer4_l2tp has 5 active sessions, the VPDN group named customer4_l2f can establish only 3 sessions. The VPDN group named customer7 can still have up to
25 active sessions.
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Example Verifying Session Limits for a VPDN Group
If a global limit of 16 VPDN sessions is also configured, the global limit takes precedence over the configured
VPDN group and VPDN template session limits:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn session-limit 16
The three VPDN groups will be able to establish a total of 16 sessions between them. For example, if the
VPDN group named customer4_l2tp has the maximum allowable number of active sessions (5 sessions), and the VPDN group named customer4_l2f has 2 active sessions, the VPDN group named customer7 can establish only up to 9 sessions.
Example Verifying Session Limits for a VPDN Group
The following example creates the VPDN group named l2tp and restricts it to three sessions. The configured session limit is displayed when the show vpdn group command is issued.
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group l2tp
Router(config-vpdn)# accept dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 5
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
Router(config-vpdn)# terminate-from hostname host1
Router(config-vpdn)# session-limit 3
Router(config-vpdn)# end
Router# show vpdn group l2tp
Tunnel (L2TP)
-----dnis:cg1 dnis:cg2 dnis:jan cisco.com
Endpoint
--------
172.21.9.67
Session Limit Priority Active Sessions Status Reserved Sessions
------------- -------- --------------- ------ -----------------
3
--------------- -------------
1 0
---------------
OK -
-----------------
Total * 0 0
Example Configuring L2TP Control Packet Timers and Retry Counters for VPDN
Tunnels
The following example configures custom values for all of the available L2TP control packet parameters for the VPDN group named l2tp:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn-group l2tp
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel hello 90
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel receive window 500
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit retries 8
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit timeout min 2
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel timeout no-session 500
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel timeout setup 25
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel zlb delay 4
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit initial timeout min 2
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit initial retries 5
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel busy timeout 90
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Example Configuring Verifying and Debugging L2TP Congestion Avoidance
Example Configuring Verifying and Debugging L2TP Congestion Avoidance
The following example configures a basic dial-in L2TP VPDN tunnel, sets the receive window size to 500 on the tunnel server (the receiving device), and enables L2TP congestion avoidance on the NAS (the sending device):
Tunnel Server Configuration
Router(config)# vpdn enable
!
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template 1
!
Router(config-vpdn)# terminate from hostname NAS1
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel receive-window 500
NAS Configuration
Router(config)# vpdn enable
!
Router(config)# vpdn-group 1
Router(config-vpdn)# request-dialin
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# protocol l2tp
Router(config-vpdn-req-in)# domain cisco.com
!
Router(config-vpdn)# initiate-to ip 172.22.66.25
Router(config-vpdn)# local name NAS1
!
Router(config)# l2tp congestion-control
The following example shows L2TP tunnel activity, including the information that L2TP congestion control is enabled. Note that the slow start threshold is set to the same size as the remote receive window size. The
Remote RWS value advertised by the remote peer is shown in the Remote RWS field. When the actual RWS value differs from the advertised value, the actual RWS value will be displayed as In Use Remote RWS
<value> .
Router# show vpdn tunnel l2tp all
L2TP Tunnel Information Total tunnels 1 sessions 1
Tunnel id 30597 is up, remote id is 45078, 1 active sessions
Tunnel state is established, time since change 00:08:27
Tunnel transport is UDP (17)
Remote tunnel name is LAC1
Internet Address 172.18.184.230, port 1701
Local tunnel name is LNS1
Internet Address 172.18.184.231, port 1701
Tunnel domain unknown
VPDN group for tunnel is 1
L2TP class for tunnel is
4 packets sent, 3 received
194 bytes sent, 42 received
Last clearing of "show vpdn" counters never
Control Ns 2, Nr 4
Local RWS 1024 (default), Remote RWS 256
In Use Remote RWS 15
Control channel Congestion Control is enabled
Congestion Window size, Cwnd 3
Slow Start threshold, Ssthresh 256
Mode of operation is Slow Start
Tunnel PMTU checking disabled
Retransmission time 1, max 2 seconds
Unsent queuesize 0, max 0
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Resend queuesize 0, max 1
Total resends 0, ZLB ACKs sent 2
Current nosession queue check 0 of 5
Retransmit time distribution: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sessions disconnected due to lack of resources 0
Control message authentication is disabled
The following partial output from the debug vpdn l2x-events command shows that congestion occurred. The congestion window size and the slow start threshold have been reset due to a packet retransmission event.
Router# debug vpdn l2x-events
!
*Jul 15 19:02:57.963: Tnl 47100 L2TP: Congestion Control event received is retransmission
*Jul 15 19:02:57.963: Tnl 47100 L2TP: Congestion Window size, Cwnd 1
*Jul 15 19:02:57.963: Tnl 47100 L2TP: Slow Start threshold, Ssthresh 2
*Jul 15 19:02:57.963: Tnl 47100 L2TP: Remote Window size, 500
*Jul 15 19:02:57.963: Tnl 47100 L2TP: Control channel retransmit delay set to 4 seconds
*Jul 15 19:03:01.607: Tnl 47100 L2TP: Update ns/nr, peer ns/nr 2/5, our ns/nr 5/2
!
The following partial output from the debug vpdn l2x-events command shows that traffic has been restarted with L2TP congestion avoidance operating in slow start mode.
Router# debug vpdn l2x-events
!
*Jul 15 14:45:16.123: Tnl 30597 L2TP: Control channel retransmit delay set to 2 seconds
*Jul 15 14:45:16.123: Tnl 30597 L2TP: Tunnel state change from idle to wait-ctl-reply
*Jul 15 14:45:16.131: Tnl 30597 L2TP: Congestion Control event received is positive acknowledgement
*Jul 15 14:45:16.131: Tnl 30597 L2TP: Congestion Window size, Cwnd 2
*Jul 15 14:45:16.131: Tnl 30597 L2TP: Slow Start threshold, Ssthresh 500
*Jul 15 14:45:16.131: Tnl 30597 L2TP: Remote Window size, 500
*Jul 15 14:45:16.131: Tnl 30597 L2TP: Congestion Ctrl Mode is Slow Start
!
Example Configuring VPDN Failure Event Logging
The following example first disables and then reenables VPDN failure event logging, and sets the maximum number of entries in the VPDN history failure table to 50. The contents of the history failure table are displayed and then cleared.
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# no vpdn history failure
Router(config)# vpdn history failure
Router(config)# vpdn history failure table-size 50
Router(config)# end
Router# show vpdn history failure
!
Table size: 50
Number of entries in table: 1
User: [email protected], MID = 1
NAS: isp, IP address = 172.21.9.25, CLID = 1
Gateway: hp-gw, IP address = 172.21.9.15, CLID = 1
Log time: 13:08:02, Error repeat count: 1
Failure type: The remote server closed this session
Failure reason: Administrative intervention
!
Router# clear vpdn history failure
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Examples Configuring Generic VPDN Event Logging
The following example enables VPDN logging locally:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# vpdn logging local
The following example disables VPDN event logging locally, enables VPDN event logging at the remote tunnel endpoint, and enables the logging of both VPDN user and VPDN tunnel-drop events to the remote router:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# no vpdn logging local
Router(config)# vpdn logging remote
Router(config)# vpdn logging user
Router(config)# vpdn logging tunnel-drop
The following example disables the logging of VPDN events at the remote tunnel endpoint, and enables the logging of VPDN event log messages to the AAA server:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# no vpdn logging local
Router(config)# no vpdn logging remote
Router(config)# vpdn logging accounting
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
VPDN technology overview
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
VPDN Technology Overview module
Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference VPDN commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Technical support documentation for VPDNs Virtual Private Dial-up Network (VPDN)
Dial Technologies commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Command Reference
Concepts and tasks associated with configuring additional VPDN features
Configuring Additional VPDN Features module
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Standards
Standard
TCP/IP; slow start and congestion avoidance algorithms
Title
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1
MIBs
MIB
• CISCO-VPDN-MGMT-MIB
• CISCO-VPDN-MGMT-EXT-MIB
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFC
RFC 2661
Title
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for VPDN Tunnel Management
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
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Table 13: Feature Information for VPDN Tunnel Management
Feature Name
L2TP Congestion Avoidance
Session Limit per VRF
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Timer and Retry Enhancements for
L2TP
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Feature Information
This feature was introduced on the
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers. It provides packet flow control and congestion avoidance by throttling
Layer 2 Transport Protocol (L2TP) control messages as described in
RFC 2661.
The following commands were introduced or modified by this feature: debug vpdn , l2tp congestion-control .
This feature was introduced on the
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers. It allows you to apply session limits on all VPDN groups associated with a common VPDN template.
You can limit the number of VPDN sessions that terminate in a single
VPN routing and forwarding
(VRF) instance.
The following commands were introduced or modified by this feature: group session-limit , source vpdn-template, and vpdn-template .
This feature was introduced on the
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers. It allows the user to configure certain adjustable timers and counters for
L2TP.
The following commands were introduced by this feature: l2tp tunnel busy timeout , l2tp tunnel retransmit initial retries , and l2tp tunnel retransmit initial timeout .
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Feature Name
VPDN Group Session Limiting
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Feature Information
This feature was introduced on the
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers. It allows the user to configure a limit on the number L2TP VPDN sessions allowed for each VPDN group.
The following command was introduced by this feature: session-limit (VPDN).
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C H A P T E R
7
Configuring L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC
LNS
The L2TP HA Session SSO/ISSU on a LAC/LNS feature provides a generic stateful switchover/In Service
Software Upgrade (SSO/ISSU) mechanism for Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) on a Layer 2 Access
Concentrator (LAC) and a Layer 2 Network Server (LNS). This feature preserves all fully established PPP and L2TP sessions during an SSO switchover or an ISSU upgrade or downgrade.
•
Finding Feature Information, page 203
•
Prerequisites for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS, page 203
•
Restrictions for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS, page 204
•
Information About L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS, page 204
•
How to Configure L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS, page 206
•
Configuration Examples for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS, page 215
•
Additional References, page 217
•
Feature Information for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS, page 218
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Prerequisites for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
• Configure a VPDN deployment. For an overview of VPDN deployments, see the VPDN Technology
Overview module.
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Restrictions for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
• This implementation does not require the peer L2TP node to be HA or redundancy aware. It does not require the peer L2TP node to implement L2TP failover RFC.
• Ensure that the peer L2TP node is L2TP RFC compliant.
Restrictions for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
• Cisco IOS XE Release 2.2 provides support for the L2TP HA Session SSO/ISSU on a LAC/LNS feature on Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers only.
• Cisco IOS XE Release 2.4 provides support for VPDN Multihop nodes for VPDN tunnels and sessions.
VPDN tunnels and sessions are preserved after a Route Processor (RP) failover in a dual RP ASR set up.
• L2TP HA Session SSO/ISSU on a LAC/LNS does not support HA/SSO on the following software features, and sessions with these will be lost following an RP failover:
• L2TP Dialout
• L2TP Active Discovery Relay for PPPoE
• Multilink PPP on LNS
Information About L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
Stateful Switchover
Development of the stateful switchover (SSO) feature is an incremental step within an overall program to improve the availability of networks constructed with Cisco IOS routers.
In specific Cisco networking devices that support dual RPs, stateful switchover takes advantage of RP redundancy to increase network availability. The feature establishes one of the RPs as the active processor and designating the other RP as the standby processor, and then synchronizing critical state information between them. Following an initial synchronization between the two processors, SSO dynamically maintains
RP state information between them.
A switchover from the active to the standby processor occurs when the active RP fails, is removed from the networking device, or is manually taken down for maintenance.
SSO is particularly useful at the network edge. Traditionally, core routers protect against network faults using router redundancy and mesh connections that allow traffic to bypass failed network elements. SSO provides protection for network edge devices with dual RPs that represent a single point of failure in the network design, and where an outage might result in loss of service for customers.
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Checkpointing Data
Note If a new L2TP session request is received on a tunnel that is in the resync phase after switchover, it is rejected. A new Cisco vendor-specific disconnect cause code (611) provides the reason for this session disconnect. The show vpdn history failure command displays the Failure Type field as Tunnel in HA resync .
Checkpointing Data
SSO is always checkpointing or saving and resynchronizing client-specific state data that transfers to a peer client on a remote RP for HA switchover and on the local RP for ION restart. Once a valid checkpointing session is established, the checkpointed state data is established without error.
ISSU Software Superpackage and Rolling Upgrade Requirements
This section describes the affects on L2TP when performing an ISSU superpackage or subpackage software upgrade or downgrade on a Cisco ASR 1000 Series Router. During the ISSU operation of software upgrades and downgrades, there can be control traffic interruption in some scenarios of ISSU, causing the L2TP resynchronization operation (with L2TP silent switchover) to fail, resulting in a loss of an L2TP tunnel or session.
In general, there is no effect on the data traffic while performing an ISSU superpackage or subpackage software upgrade or downgrade. Data traffic interruptions are contained within a managed and expected operating set.
For example, when you upgrade the software for a given spa, the software upgrade only affects the data traffic serviced by that spa; the remaining network continues to operate normally.
Software Upgrades and Downgrades
When you are configuring a superpackage software upgrade or downgrade, L2TP sessions and tunnels might be lost. To help mitigate any potential loss of L2TP tunnels or sessions, use a rolling-upgrade method to help minimize any L2TP tunnel or session outages.
Note You can help minimize any tunnel or session outage as seen by the IP layer, by either configuring a backup interface for IP routing or an Ether-channel interface towards the L2TP peer.
For the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers, it is important to realize that ISSU-compatibility depends on the software sub-package being upgraded and the hardware configuration. Consolidated packages are
ISSU-compatible in dual RP configurations only and have other limitations. The SPA and SIP software sub-packages must be upgraded on a per-SPA or per-SIP basis.
If you are upgrading a software package on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Router that requires a reload of the standby Route Processor (RP), you must manually initiate a upgrade of the standby FP, SPA and SIP software with the same version of software provisioned on the new active RP following the switchover, to prevent any reload when the standby RP takes over as the new active RP.
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How to Configure L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
Adjusting Receive Window Size
When configuring L2TP HA Session SSO/ISSU on a LAC/LNS, Cisco IOS software internally adjusts the
L2TP receive window size to a smaller value. This adjusted receive-window value displays when using the show vpdn tunnel detail command. If required, use the l2tp tunnel resync command to increase the size of the L2TP receive window.
How to Configure L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
You can configure L2TP HA globally using the l2tp sso enable command. You can also configure L2TP HA sessions for a specific VPDN group by using the sso enable command in VPDN group configuration mode.
Both global and VPDN group L2TP HA sessions are enabled, by default. You must configure both the l2tp sso enable command and the sso enable command for VPDN groups for protocol L2TP to execute L2TP HA session functionality.
Global and VPDN group-specific L2TP HA sessions are hidden from the output of the show running-config command, because they are enabled by default. If you use the no l2tp sso enable command, the HA commands will display as NVGEN and appear in the output of the show running-config command.
After an SSO switchover, L2TP HA sessions determines the sequence numbers used by L2TP peers.
Determining sequence numbers can be time consuming if peers send a large number of unacknowledged messages. You can use the l2tp tunnel resync command to control the number of unacknowledged messages sent by a peer. Increasing the value of the number of packets can improve the session setup rate for L2TP HA tunnels with a large number of sessions.
Configuring SSO on a Route Processor
Cisco series Internet routers operate in SSO mode by default after reloading the same version of SSO-aware images on the device.
Before you can use SSO, use must enable SSO on an RP. This task explains how to use the redundancy command to enable SSO on an RP. This task ensures that all redundancy session data, following a SSO, is used to re-create and reestablishes existing sessions to their peer connections.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
redundancy
4.
mode sso
5.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Configuring Global L2TP HA SSO Mode
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal redundancy
Example:
Router(config)# redundancy mode sso
Example:
Router(config-red)# mode sso end
Example:
Router(config-red)# end
Purpose
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enters redundancy configuration mode.
Specifies the mode of redundancy.
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Configuring Global L2TP HA SSO Mode
Cisco series Internet routers operate in L2TP HA SSO mode by default after reloading the same version of
SSO-aware images on the device. No configuration is necessary to enable L2TP HA SSO sessions.
This procedure shows how to use the l2tp sso enable command to enable or disable HA globally. The l2tp sso enable command is enabled by default.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
l2tp sso enable
4.
end
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Configuring VPDN Groups or VPDN Templates for L2TP HA SSO
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal l2tp sso enable
Example:
Router(config)# l2tp sso enable end
Example:
Router(config)# end
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables L2TP HA SSO.
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Configuring VPDN Groups or VPDN Templates for L2TP HA SSO
Perform this task when configuring a VPDN group or a VPDN template for L2TP HA SSO. This configuration example provides recommended scaling parameters to use when the number of VPDN tunnels in use is high, such as 8000 tunnels, with each tunnel supporting only a few VPDN sessions (two or less).
Conversely, if the number of VPDN tunnels is low and the number of VPDN sessions per VPDN tunnel is high, use the l2tp tunnel resync command to increase the resynchronization value. For example, if the number of VPDN session per VPDN tunnel are in the hundreds, use the l2tp tunnel resync command to increase the resynchronization value to a matching value in the hundreds.
Beginning with Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3, you can set the retransmit retries and timeout values to default values.
For HA functionality for a VPDN group, both the l2tp sso enable and sso enable commands must be enabled
(default). If either command is disabled, no HA functionality is available for the VPDN group.
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Configuring VPDN Groups or VPDN Templates for L2TP HA SSO
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
l2tp sso enable
4.
vpdn enable
5.
vpdn-group name
6.
sso enable
7.
l2tp tunnel resync packets
8.
l2tp tunnel retransmit retries number
9.
l2tp tunnel retransmit timeout min seconds
10.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal l2tp sso enable
Example:
Router(config)# l2tp sso enable vpdn enable
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn enable
vpdn-group name
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# vpdn-group example
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enables L2TP SSO mode.
Enters VPDN configuration mode.
Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
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Controlling Packet Resynchronization for L2TP HA
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Command or Action sso enable
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# sso enable
l2tp tunnel resync packets
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel resync 4
l2tp tunnel retransmit retries number
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit retries 30
l2tp tunnel retransmit timeout min seconds
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel retransmit timeout min 8 exit
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
Purpose
Enables L2TP SSO for the VPDN group.
Configures the number of packets after an SSO, an L2TP
HA tunnel sends before waiting for an acknowledgement.
Configures the number of retransmission attempts made for an L2TP control packet.
Configures the amount of time that the router waits before resending an L2TP control packet.
Exits VPDN group configuration mode.
Controlling Packet Resynchronization for L2TP HA
After a SSO switchover, L2TP HA determines the sequence numbers used by L2TP peers. Determining sequence numbers can be time consuming, if peers send a large number of unacknowledged messages. You can use the l2tp tunnel resync command to control the number of unacknowledged messages sent by a peer.
Increasing the value of the number of packets can improve the session setup rate for L2TP HA tunnels with a large number of sessions.
You can use the show l2tp redundancy command to display the time taken to resynchronize with the peer
L2TP node.
This procedure shows how to use the l2tp tunnel resync command, in VPDN-group configuration mode, to control the number of packets a L2TP HA tunnel sends before waiting for an acknowledgement.
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Controlling Packet Resynchronization for L2TP HA
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn enable
4.
vpdn-group name
5.
l2tp tunnel resync packets
6.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal vpdn enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Enters VPDN configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn enable
vpdn-group name Creates a VPDN group and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# vpdn-group example
l2tp tunnel resync packets
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel resync 250
Specifies the number of packets to be processed after an SSO before an acknowledgment message is sent. This example specifies that 250 packets will process before an acknowledgment message is sent.
end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# end
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Verifying the Checkpoint Status of L2TP HA Sessions
Verifying the Checkpoint Status of L2TP HA Sessions
The show l2tp redundancy command provides information regarding the global state of the L2TP or specific
L2TP sessions, with regard to their checkpointing status. You can display detailed information on:
• L2TP HA protocol state:
• Standby readiness
• Received message counter
• Number of tunnels and sessions, compared to the number of HA-enabled tunnels and sessions
• Number of tunnels that successfully resynchronized with the peer L2TP node after the last switchover, and the number that failed to resynchronize.
• L2TP control channel (tunnel) redundancy information:
• Tunnel state
• Local ID
• Remote ID
• Remote name
• Class or group name
• Number of sessions using this tunnel
• L2TP Session redundancy information:
• Local session ID
• Remote session ID
• Tunnel ID
• Status of assignment of logical tunnel and logical session handles
The L2TP HA protocol state information for tunnels configured for HA (HA-enabled) and HA tunnels established successfully (HA-established) should match on the active and standby RP, unless there is a failure.
The output of the show l2tp redundancy command on the standby RP does not display total counter values or values for L2TP resynchronized tunnels. Total counter values would include non-HA protected tunnels and sessions, and these are not present on the standby RP.
To display global L2TP or specific L2TP sessions having checkpoint status, follow this procedure.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show l2tp redundancy [ all | [ detail ] [ id local-tunnel-ID [ local-session-ID ]]]
3.
exit
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DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable show l2tp redundancy [ all | [ detail ] [ id local-tunnel-ID
[ local-session-ID ]]]
Display the status of L2TP session with redundancy data.
Example:
Router# show l2tp redundancy all exit Exits privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router# exit
Verifying the Checkpoint Status of VPDN Sessions
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show vpdn redundancy [ all | [ detail ] [ id local-tunnel-ID [ local-session-ID ]]]
3.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable show vpdn redundancy [ all | [ detail ] [ id local-tunnel-ID
[ local-session-ID ]]]
Displays the status of VPDN session with checkpointed data.
Example:
Router# show vpdn redundancy all
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Troubleshooting L2TP or VPDN Redundancy Sessions
Step 3
Command or Action exit
Example:
Router# exit
Purpose
Exits privileged EXEC mode.
Troubleshooting L2TP or VPDN Redundancy Sessions
There is extensive troubleshooting for L2TP or VPDN redundancy sessions. For example, if the standby RP does not initialize, the show l2tp redundancy command displays a warning message and will display no tunnel or session information.
Router# show l2tp redundancy
L2TP HA support: Silent Failover
L2TP HA Status:
Checkpoint Messaging on: FALSE
Standby RP is up:
Recv'd Message Count:
TRUE
0
No HA CC of Session data to display until Standby RP is up.
You can use the debug l2tp redundancy or debug vpdn redundancy commands to display debug information relating to L2TP- or VPDN-checkpointing events or errors. Debug information includes:
• cf--L2TP redundancy checkpointing-facility events (cf-events)
• detail--L2TP redundancy details
• error--L2TP redundancy errors
• event--L2TP redundancy events
• fsm--L2TP redundancy fsm-events
• resync--L2TP redundancy resynchronizations
• rf--L2TP redundancy-facility events (rf-events)
To debug an L2TP or VPDN session having redundancy event errors, follow this procedure.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
debug { l2tp | vpdn } redundancy { cf | detail | error | event | fsm | resync | rf }
3.
exit
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Configuring L2TP HA SSO ISSU on a RADIUS Server
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable debug { l2tp | vpdn } redundancy { cf | detail | error | event | fsm | resync | rf }
Displays debug information for VPDN session with redundancy data.
Example:
Router# debug vpdn redundancy cf exit Exits privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router# exit
Configuring L2TP HA SSO ISSU on a RADIUS Server
You can configure L2TP HA SSO/ISSU on a RADIUS server, using the following RADIUS attribute-value
(AV) pair: cisco:cisco-avpair="vpdn:l2tp-silent-switchover=1"
You can configure the L2TP HA SSO/ISSU resynchronous parameter on a RADIUS server, using the following
RADIUS AV pair: cisco:cisco-avpair="vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-resync-packet=<num>"
Configuration Examples for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a
LAC LNS
Example Configuring SSO on a Route Processor
This example shows how to configure SSO on a route processor:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# redundancy
Router (config-red)# mode sso
Router (config-red)# end
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Example Configuring L2TP High Availability
Example Configuring L2TP High Availability
This example shows how to configure L2TP SSO:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# l2tp sso enable
Router (config-red)# end
Examples Displaying L2TP Checkpoint Status
Example Displaying L2TP Redundancy Information
The following example shows an L2TP redundancy information request:
Router# show l2tp redundancy
L2TP HA support: Silent Failover
L2TP HA Status:
Checkpoint Messaging on: TRUE
Standby RP is up: TRUE
Recv'd Message Count:
L2TP Tunnels:
189
2/2/2/0 (total/HA-enabled/HA-est/resync)
L2TP Sessions: 20/20/20 (total/HA-enabled/HA-est)
L2TP Resynced Tunnels: 2/0 (success/fail)
Resync duration 0.63 secs (complete)
Example Displaying L2TP Redundancy Detail Information
The following example shows an L2TP redundancy detail information request:
Router# show l2tp redundancy detail id 44233 2
Local session ID
Remote session ID
Local CC ID
: 2
: 2
: 44233
Local UDP port
Remote UDP port
: 1701
: 1701
Waiting for VPDN application
Waiting for L2TP protocol
: No
: No
Example Displaying All L2TP Redundancy Information
The following example shows an L2TP redundancy all-information request:
Router# show l2tp redundancy all
L2TP HA support: Silent Failover
L2TP HA Status:
Checkpoint Messaging on: FALSE
Standby RP is up:
Recv'd Message Count:
L2TP Active Tunnels:
L2TP Active Sessions:
TRUE
0
1/1/0 (total/HA-enabled/resync)
1/1 (total/HA-enabled)
L2TP Resynced Tunnels: 1/0 (success/fail)
L2TP HA CC Check Point Status:
State est
LocID RemID Remote Name
33003 26355 LAC-1
L2TP HA Session Status:
Class/Group
1
Num. Sessions
1
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Additional References
LocID
28017
RemID
10
TunID
33003
Waiting for
VPDN app?
No
Waiting for
L2TP proto?
No
Example Displaying L2TP Redundancy ID Information
The following example shows how to limit the information displayed by providing a tunnel ID:
Router# show l2tp redundancy id 33003
L2TP HA Session Status:
LocID RemID TunID Waiting for
VPDN app?
2 2 33003 No
L2TP proto?
No
Waiting for
Example Displaying L2TP Redundancy Detail ID Information
The following example shows how to limit the information displayed by providing a session ID:
Router# show l2tp redundancy detail id 33003 3
Local session ID
Remote session ID
Local CC ID
: 3
: 3
: 33003
Local UDP port
Remote UDP port
: 1701
: 1701
Waiting for VPDN application
Waiting for L2TP protocol
: No
: No
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
VPDN commands
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol
Stateful switchover and high availability
ISSU on Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers
VPDN technology overview
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Technology Brief
Configuring Stateful Switchover module http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/asr1000/ configuration/guide/chassis/issu.html
VPDN Technology Overview module
Standards
Standard
None
Title
--
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Feature Information for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
MIBs
MIB
None
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFC
RFC 2661
RFC 4591
Title
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Fail Over for Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC
LNS
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
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Feature Information for L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
Table 14: Feature Information for L2TP HA Session SSO/ISSU on a LAC/LNS
Feature Name Releases
L2TP HA Session SSO/ISSU on a
LAC/LNS
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.2
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.4
Feature Information
Provides a generic SSO/ISSU mechanism for Layer 2 Tunneling
Protocol (L2TP) on a LAC and a
LNS.
This feature was introduced on the
Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers.
The following commands were introduced by this feature: debug l2tp redundancy , debug vpdn redundancy , l2tp sso enable , l2tp tunnel resync , show l2tp redundancy , show vpdn redundancy , sso enable .
In 2.3, support was added for scaling parameters for VPDN groups and templates.
In 2.4, support was added for support for Multihop VPDN for
VPDN tunnels and sessions.
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Configuring L2TP HA Session SSO ISSU on a LAC LNS
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C H A P T E R
8
L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
The L2TP Disconnect Cause Information feature adds support for additional Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol (L2TP) disconnect error codes using attribute-value (AV) pair 46 as specified by RFC 3145. Prior to the introduction of this feature, L2TP hosts could not exchange PPP disconnect error codes.
•
Finding Feature Information, page 221
•
Restrictions for L2TP Disconnect Cause Information, page 221
•
Information About L2TP Disconnect Cause Information, page 222
•
Additional References, page 224
•
Feature Information for L2TP Disconnect Cause Information, page 225
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Restrictions for L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
• This feature implements only error codes that are compliant with RFC 3145.
• If a router receives AV pair 46 with a nonsupported disconnect code it is mapped to code 0, indicating that no information is available.
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Information About L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
Information About L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
How L2TP Disconnect Cause Information Works
L2TP disconnect cause codes allow the devices functioning as L2TP hosts to exchange PPP-related disconnect cause information. Normally L2TP operation is isolated from details of the PPP session that is being encapsulated. AV pair 46 PPP Disconnect Cause Code is used to exchange PPP-related disconnect cause information between L2TP hosts. The information can be translated to the appropriate authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) code and relayed to the remote RADIUS AAA server.
Benefits of L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
When L2TP service fails or session establishment is unsuccessful, PPP-specific disconnect information provides valuable information that can be used for troubleshooting or accounting purposes. The lack of this information is a problem particularly when the L2TP hosts are not owned or managed by the same entities.
The L2TP Disconnect Cause Information feature enables service providers to determine the specific failure reason, facilitating analysis and error correction.
L2TP Disconnect Cause Information Codes
The table below lists the supported L2TP disconnect cause codes from RFC 3145 and a brief description of the codes.
Table 15: L2TP Disconnect Cause Codes
Description Code
Global Errors
0
1
3
No information available.
Note If a router receives AV pair 46 with a nonsupported disconnect code, possibly from another vendor or a newer version of Cisco software, it is mapped to this code.
Administrative disconnect.
Normal disconnection, Link Control Protocol (LCP)
Terminate-Request sent.
Valid direction values are:
• 1--LCP Terminate-Request sent by the peer device.
• 2--LCP Terminate-Request sent by the local device.
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L2TP Disconnect Cause Information Codes
6
8
9
Code
LCP Errors
5
12
Authentication Errors
13
16
Network Control Protocol (NCP) Errors
17
18
Description
Finite State Machine (FSM) timeout error.
No recognizable LCP packets were received.
LCP link failure: Echo Request timeout.
The peer has an unexpected endpoint-discriminator for an existing Multilink PPP (MLP) bundle.
Compulsory call-back required by a PPP peer was refused by the peer.
Valid direction values are:
• 1--Required by the local device; refused by the peer device.
• 2--Required by the peer device; refused by the local device.
FSM timeout error.
PPP authentication failed due to a bad hostname, password, or secret.
Valid direction values are:
• 1--Authentication of the peer ’ s identity by the local system failed.
• 2--Authentication of the local identity by the peer system failed.
FSM timeout error.
No NCPs available (all disabled or rejected) or no
NCPs went to Opened state. The Control Protocol
Number can be zero only if neither peer has enabled
NCPs.
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L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
Additional References
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Information about configuring L2TP VPDN tunnels VPDN Tunnel Management module
VPDN commands Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference
Standards
Standard Title
No new or modified standards are supported by this feature, and support for existing standards has not been modified by this feature.
--
MIBs
MIB
No new or modified MIBs are supported by this feature, and support for existing MIBs has not been modified by this feature.
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFC
RFC 3145
Title
L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
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Feature Information for L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 16: Feature Information for the L2TP Disconnect Cause Information Feature
Feature Name
L2TP Disconnect Cause
Information
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Feature Information
This feature was introduced on the
Cisco ASR 1000 Series
Aggregation Services Routers.
The L2TP Disconnect Cause
Information feature adds support for additional Layer 2 Tunnel
Protocol (L2TP) disconnect error codes using attribute-value (AV) pair 46 as specified by RFC 3145.
Prior to the introduction of this feature, L2TP hosts could not exchange PPP disconnect error codes.
No commands were introduced or modified by this feature.
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L2TP Disconnect Cause Information
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C H A P T E R
9
Configuring the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel
Protocol Network Server
This document describes how to enable the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server feature.
•
Finding Feature Information, page 227
•
Prerequisites for Configuring the Managed IPv6 LNS, page 227
•
Information About Configuring the Managed IPv6 LNS, page 228
•
How to Configure the Managed LNS, page 230
•
Configuration Examples for the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server, page 248
•
Additional References, page 254
•
Feature Information for Configuring Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server, page
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Prerequisites for Configuring the Managed IPv6 LNS
For the router to function as an LNS, you must enable Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) on the Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server (LNS) and the Layer 2 Access Concentrator (LAC), by entering the aaanew-model global configuration command. For more information, see the “ Authentication,
Authorization, and Accounting ” chapter in the Cisco IOS XE Security: Securing User Services Configuration
Guide .
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Information About Configuring the Managed IPv6 LNS
Information About Configuring the Managed IPv6 LNS
L2TP Network Server
The router can function as an LNS. The LNS is a peer to the LAC and sits on one side of an L2TP tunnel.
The LNS routes packets to and from the LAC and a destination network. When the router functions as an
LNS, you can configure the router to terminate the PPP sessions and route the client IP packets onto the ISP or corporate network toward their final destination (see the figure below). The router can use the Managed
IPv6 LNS feature to terminate L2TP sessions from the LAC and place each session into the appropriate IPv6
VRF instance based on the VRF applied to the virtual template interface or alternatively, based on the VRF received for the user through AAA. The router then routes each session within the VRF to the destination network.
Figure 10: Terminating and Forwarding Sessions from the LAC
Tunnel Accounting
The tunnel accounting feature enhances AAA accounting by adding the ability to include tunnel-related statistics in the RADIUS information. Before you can collect tunnel usage information, you must configure the following attributes on the RADIUS server:
• Acct-Tunnel-Connection — Specifies the identifier assigned to the tunnel session. This attribute and the
Tunnel-Client-Endpoint and Tunnel-Server-Endpoint attributes provide a way to uniquely identify a tunnel session for auditing purposes.
• Acct-Tunnel-Packets-Lost — Specifies the number of packets lost on a given link.
The table below describes the values for the Acct-Status-Type attribute that support tunnel accounting on the
RADIUS server.
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Table 17: Acct-Status-Type Values for RADIUS Tunnel Accounting
Acct-Status-Type Values
Tunnel-Link-Reject
Tunnel-Link-Start
Tunnel-Link-Stop
Tunnel-Reject
Tunnel-Start
Tunnel-Stop
Value
14
12
13
11
9
10
Description
Marks the rejection of the establishment of a new link in an existing tunnel.
Marks the creation of a tunnel link within an L2TP tunnel that carries multiple links.
Marks the destruction of a tunnel link within an L2TP tunnel that carries multiple links.
Marks the rejection of the establishment of a tunnel with another device.
Marks the establishment of a tunnel with another device.
Marks the destruction of a tunnel to or from another device.
For more information about the RADIUS tunnel accounting attributes or the Acct-Status-Type values that support RADIUS tunnel accounting, see RFC 2867, RADIUS Accounting Modifications for Tunnel Protocol
Support.
For information about RADIUS accounting attributes supported on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation
Services Routers, see the “ RADIUS Attributes ” chapter in the Cisco IOS XE Security Configuration Guide:
Securing User Services.
For more information on configuring RADIUS, see your RADIUS user documentation.
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How to Configure the Managed LNS
How to Configure the Managed LNS
Configuring a VRF on the LNS
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vrf definition vrf-name
4.
rd route-distinguisher
5.
address-family { ipv4|ipv6 }
6.
route-target { import|export|both } route-target-ext-community
7.
exit-address-family
8.
address-family { ipv4|ipv6 }
9.
route-target { import|export|both } route-target-ext-community
10.
end
11.
show ipv6 route vrf vrf-name
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vrf definition vrf-name
Example:
Router(config)# vrf definition vrf1
Configures a VRF routing table and enters VRF configuration mode.
• The vrf-name argument is the name of the VRF.
rd route-distinguisher
Example:
Router(config-vrf)# rd 100:1
Creates routing and forwarding tables for a VRF.
• The route-distinguisher argument adds an 8-byte value to an IPv4 prefix to create a VPN IPv4 prefix. You can enter a route distinguisher in either of these formats:
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Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Command or Action Purpose
• 16-bit autonomous system number (ASN): your 32-bit number
For example, 101:3.
• 32-bit IP address: your 16-bit number For example,
192.168.122.15:1.
address-family { ipv4|ipv6 }
Example:
Router(config-vrf) address-family ipv6
Enters VRF address family configuration mode to specify an address family for a VRF.
• The ipv4 keyword specifies an IPv4 address family for a VRF.
• The ipv6 keyword specifies an IPv6 address family for a VRF.
route-target
Example:
{ import|export|both route-target-ext-community
}
Router(config-vrf-af) route-target both 100:2
Creates a route-target extended community for a VRF.
• The import keyword imports routing information from the target VPN extended community.
• The export keyword exports routing information to the target VPN extended community.
• The both keyword imports both import and export routing information to the target VPN extended community.
• The route-target-ext-community argument adds the route-target extended community attributes to the VRF list of import, export, or both (import and export) route-target extended communities.
exit-address-family Exits VRF address family configuration mode and enters VRF configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vrf-af)# exit-address-family address-family { ipv4|ipv6 }
Example:
Router(config-vrf) address-family ipv6
Enters VRF address family configuration mode to specify an address family for a VRF.
• The ipv4 keyword specifies an IPv4 address family for a VRF.
• The ipv6 keyword specifies an IPv6 address family for a VRF.
route-target
Example:
{ import|export|both route-target-ext-community
}
Router(config-vrf-af)# route-target both 100:3
Creates a route-target extended community for a VRF.
• The import keyword specifies to import routing information from the target VPN extended community.
• The export keyword specifies to export routing information to the target VPN extended community.
• The both keyword specifies to import both import and export routing information to the target VPN extended community.
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Configuring a Virtual Template Interface
Step 10
Step 11
Command or Action Purpose
• The route-target-ext-community argument adds the route-target extended community attributes to the VRF list of import, export, or both (import and export) route-target extended communities.
• Enter the route-target command one time for each target community.
Exits VRF address family configuration mode and returns to privileged
EXEC mode.
end
Example:
Router(config-vrf-af)# end
show ipv6 route vrf vrf-name
Example:
Router# show ipv6 route vrf vrf1
Displays the IPv6 routing table associated with a VRF.
Configuring a Virtual Template Interface
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface virtual-template number
4.
vrf forwarding name
5.
ppp authentication chap
6.
end
7.
show interfaces virtual-access number [configuration]
8.
debug ppp chap
9.
debug ppp negotiation
10.
debug ppp negotiation chap
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
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Configuring a Virtual Template Interface
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Command or Action configure terminal
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
interface virtual-template number
Example:
Router(config)# interface virtual-template
1
Creates a virtual template interface and enters interface configuration mode.
vrf forwarding name
Example:
Router(config-if)# vrf forwarding vpn-1
(Optional) Maps the virtual template interface to a VRF routing table.
Note If the VRF assignment is received via the RADIUS server, then this step is not required.
ppp authentication chap
Example:
Router(config-if)# ppp authentication chap
Enables CHAP authentication on the virtual template interface, which is applied to virtual access interfaces (VAI).
Exits interface configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
end
Example:
Router(config-if)# end
show interfaces virtual-access number
[configuration]
Example:
Router# show interfaces virtual-access number [configuration] debug ppp chap
Example:
Router# debug ppp chap
Displays status, traffic data, and configuration information about the VAI you specify.
Displays authentication protocol messages for Challenge
Authentication Protocol (CHAP) packet exchanges.
• This command is useful when a CHAP authentication failure occurs due to a configuration mismatch between devices.
Verifying and correcting any username and password mismatch resolves the problem.
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Assigning a VRF via the RADIUS Server
Step 9
Step 10
Command or Action debug ppp negotiation
Example:
Router# debug ppp negotiation debug ppp negotiation chap
Example:
Router# debug ppp negotiation chap
Purpose
Displays information on traffic and exchanges in an internetwork implementing PPP.
Deciphers a CHAP negotiation problem due to a connectivity problem between a Cisco and non-Cisco device.
Assigning a VRF via the RADIUS Server
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
aaa authorization configuration method-name group group-name
4.
ipv6 dhcp pool pool-name
5.
prefix-delegation aaa [ method-listmethod-list ]
6.
dns-server ipv6-address
7.
exit
8.
interface virtual-template number
9.
ipv6 nd prefix framed-ipv6-prefix
10.
ipv6 dhcp server pool-name rapid-commit
11.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Command or Action configure terminal
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
aaa authorization configuration method-name
group group-name
Downloads configuration information from the AAA server using RADIUS.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa authorization configuration
DHCPv6-PD group DHCPv6-PD-RADIUS
ipv6 dhcp pool pool-name Configures a DHCP for IPv6 configuration information pool and enters DHCP for IPv6 pool configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# ipv6 dhcp pool DHCPv6-PD prefix-delegation aaa [ method-listmethod-list ] Specifies that prefixes are to be acquired from AAA servers.
Example:
Router(config-dhcpv6)# prefix-delegation aaa method-list DHCPv6-PD
dns-server ipv6-address Specifies the Domain Name System (DNS) IPv6 servers available to a DHCP for IPv6 client.
Example:
Router(config-dhcpv6)# dns-server
2001:0DB8:3000:3000::42 exit Exits DHCP for IPv6 pool configuration mode and enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-dhcpv6)# exit
interface virtual-template number Creates a virtual template interface that can be configured and applied dynamically in creating VAIs, and enters interface configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# interface virtual-template 1 ipv6 nd prefix framed-ipv6-prefix Adds the prefix in a received RADIUS framed IPv6 prefix attribute to the interface's neighbor discovery prefix queue.
Example:
Router(config-if)# ipv6 nd prefix framed-ipv6-prefix
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Configuring the LNS to Initiate and Receive L2TP Traffic
Step 10
Step 11
Command or Action
ipv6 dhcp server pool-name rapid-commit
Purpose
Enables DHCPv6 on an interface.
Example:
Router(config-if)# ipv6 dhcp server DHCPv6-PD rapid-commit end Exits interface configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-if)# end
Configuring the LNS to Initiate and Receive L2TP Traffic
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn enable
4.
vpdn-group group-name
5.
accept-dialin
6.
protocol 12tp
7.
virtual-template template-number
8.
exit
9.
terminate-from hostname hostname
10.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
Enters global configuration mode.
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Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Command or Action vpdn enable
Purpose
Enables VPDN networking on the router and informs the router to look for tunnel definitions in a local database and on a remote authorization server (home gateway) if one is present.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn enable
vpdn-group group-name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group group1 accept-dialin
Defines a local group name for which you can assign other
VPDN variables.
• Enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin protocol 12tp
Configures the LNS to accept tunneled PPP connections from the LAC and creates an accept-dialin VPDN subgroup.
• Enters accept dial-in VPDN subgroup configuration mode.
Specifies the Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol 12tp
virtual-template template-number Specifies the virtual template to be used to clone VAIs.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template
1 exit Returns to VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
terminate-from hostname hostname
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# terminate-from hostname lac1-vpn1
Specifies the hostname of the remote LAC that is required when accepting a VPDN tunnel.
end Exits VPDN configuration mode and returns to privileged
EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# end
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Configuring the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server
Limiting the Number of Sessions per Tunnel
Limiting the Number of Sessions per Tunnel
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn-group group-name
4.
accept-dialin
5.
protocol 12tp
6.
virtual-template template-number
7.
exit
8.
terminate-from hostname host-name
9.
session-limit limit-number
10.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
vpdn-group group-name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn-group group1 accept-dialin
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# accept-dialin protocol 12tp
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# protocol 12tp
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
Enters global configuration mode.
Defines a local group name for which you can assign other
VPDN variables.
• Enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Configures the LNS to accept tunneled PPP connections from the LAC and creates an accept-dialin VPDN subgroup.
• Enters accept dial-in VPDN subgroup configuration mode.
Specifies the Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol.
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Limiting the Number of Sessions per Tunnel
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Command or Action
virtual-template template-number
Purpose
Specifies the virtual template to be used to clone VAIs.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# virtual-template
1 exit Returns to VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)# exit
terminate-from hostname host-name
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# terminate-from hostname test_LAC
Specifies the hostname of the remote LAC that is required when accepting a VPDN tunnel.
session-limit limit-number Specifies the maximum number of sessions per tunnel.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# session-limit 100 exit Exits VPDN configuration mode and returns to privileged
EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-vpdn)# exit
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Configuring RADIUS Attribute Accept or Reject Lists
Configuring RADIUS Attribute Accept or Reject Lists
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
aaa authentication ppp default group group-name
4.
aaa authorization network group group group-name
5.
aaa group server radius group-name
6.
server-private ip-address [ acct-portport-number ][ timeoutseconds ] [ retransmitretries ] [ keystring ]
7.
authorization [ accept|reject ] list-name
8.
exit
9.
radius-server attribute list listname
10.
attribute value1 [ value2 [ value3...
]]
11.
end
12.
show accounting
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Command or Action enable
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal aaa authentication ppp default group group-name
Specifies one or more AAA authentication methods for use on serial interfaces running PPP.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa authentication ppp default group radius_authen1 aaa authorization network group group group-name
Sets the parameters that restrict network access to the user.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa authorization network group group radius_authen1
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Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Command or Action
aaa group server radius group-name
Purpose
Groups different RADIUS server hosts into distinct lists and distinct methods and enters server group RADIUS configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa group server radius
VPDN-Group
server-private ip-address
[ acct-portport-number ][ timeoutseconds ]
[ retransmitretries ] [ keystring ]
Example:
Router(config-sg-radius)# server-private
10.1.1.2 acct-port 0 timeout 7 retransmit
3 key cisco1
Configures the IP address of the private RADIUS server for the group server.
• The ip-address argument specifies the IP address of the private
RADIUS server host.
• (Optional) The port-number argument specifies the UDP destination port for accounting requests.
• (Optional) The seconds argument specifies the timeout value
(1 to 1000).
• (Optional) The retries argument specifies the number of times a RADIUS request is re-sent to a server, if that server is not responding or responding slowly.
• The string argument specifies the authentication and encryption key for all RADIUS communications between the router and the RADIUS server.
authorization
Example:
[ accept|reject ] list-name
Router(config-sg-radius)# authorization accept vpn1-autho-list
Specifies a filter for the attributes that are returned in an
Access-Accept packet from the RADIUS server.
• The accept keyword indicates that all attributes will be rejected except the attributes specified in the listname argument.
• The reject keyword indicates that all attributes will be accepted except for the attributes specified in the listname argument and all standard attributes.
exit Exits server group RADIUS configuration mode and enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config-sg-radius)# exit
radius-server attribute list listname
Example:
Router(config)# radius-server attribute list vpn1-autho-list
Defines the list name given to the set of attributes defined using the attribute command and enters RADIUS attribute list configuration mode.
• Define the listname argument to be the same as you defined it in step 7.
attribute value1 [ value2 [ value3...
]] Adds attributes to the configured accept or reject list.
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Configuring AAA Accounting Using Named Method Lists
Step 11
Step 12
Command or Action Purpose
• You can use this command multiple times to add attributes to an accept or reject list.
Example:
Router(config-radius-attrl)# attribute
26,200 end Exits RADIUS attribute list configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-radius-attrl)# end show accounting
Example:
Router# show accounting
Displays accounting records for users currently logged in.
• Displays active accountable events on the network and helps collect information in the event of a data loss on the accounting server.
Configuring AAA Accounting Using Named Method Lists
Note System accounting does not use named method lists. For system accounting you can define only the default method list. For more information, see the “ Configuring Accounting ” chapter in the Cisco IOS XE Security
Configuration Guide: Securing User Services.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
aaa accounting network list-name start-stop group radius
4.
line [ aux | console | vty ] [ line-number ]
5.
accounting { arap|commandslevel|connection|exec|resource } [ default | list-name ]
6.
end
7.
debug aaa accounting
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Configuring AAA Accounting Using Named Method Lists
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
aaa accounting network list-name start-stop group radius
Creates an accounting method list and enables accounting.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa accounting network methodlist start-stop group radius line [ aux | console | vty ] [ line-number ] Enters line configuration mode for the line to which you want to apply the accounting method list.
Example:
Router(config)# line console 0 accounting
{ arap|commandslevel|connection|exec|resource } [ default
| list-name ]
Applies the accounting method list to a line or a set of lines.
Example:
Router(config-line)# accounting commands 15 list1 end Exits line configuration mode and returns to privileged
EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-line)# end debug aaa accounting Displays information on accountable events as they occur.
Example:
Router# debug aaa accounting
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Configuring the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server
Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Authentication Method Lists on the LNS
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
aaa authorization network list-name method1 [ method2...
]
4.
vpdn tunnel authorization network lmethod-ist-name method1 [ method2...
]
5.
vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template vtemplate-number
6.
vpdn tunnel authorization password dummy-password
7.
debug aaa authorization
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
aaa authorization network list-name method1
[ method2...
]
Sets parameters that restrict user access to a network.
• The list-name argument is a character string used to name the list of authentication methods tried when a user logs in.
Example:
Router(config)# aaa authorization network mymethodlist group VPDN-Group
• group radius : Uses the list of all RADIUS servers for authentication.
• group group-name : Uses a subset of RADIUS servers for authentication as defined by the aaa group server radius command.
• if-authenticated : Succeeds if user has been successfully authenticated.
• local : Uses the local username database for authentication.
• none : Uses no authentication.
Note The method list is only for VPDN tunnel authorization and termination, not for domain and Digital Number Identification
Service (DNIS) authorization. Therefore, the method list applies only on the tunnel terminator device - the LAC for dialout sessions and the LNS for dialin sessions.
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Configuring the LNS for RADIUS Tunnel Authentication
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Command or Action vpdn tunnel authorization network lmethod-ist-name method1 [ method2...
]
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization network mymethodlist
Purpose
Specifies the AAA method list to use for VPDN remote tunnel hostname-based authorization.
• If you do not specify a method list (including a default method list) by using the vpdn tunnel authorization network command, local authorization occurs by using the local VPDN group configuration.
vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template vtemplate-number
Specifies the default virtual template interface used to clone a VAI.
Example:
• If you do not specify a virtual template interface in the local VPDN group configuration or in a remote RADIUS configuration, then the default virtual template interface is used.
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template 10 vpdn tunnel authorization password dummy-password
Specifies the password to use for the RADIUS authorization request to retrieve the tunnel configuration based on the remote tunnel hostname.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization password mypassword debug aaa authorization Displays information on AAA authorization.
Example:
Router# debug aaa authorization
Configuring the LNS for RADIUS Tunnel Authentication
Perform the following tasks to configure LNS for RADIUS Tunnel Authentication:
Note Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers supports L2TP tunnel authorization. However,
RADIUS does not provide attributes for such parameter values as L2TP tunnel timeouts, L2TP tunnel hello intervals, and L2TP tunnel receive window size. When the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation
Services Router does not receive a RADIUS attribute for a parameter, the router uses the default value.
Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Authentication Method Lists on the LNS
To configure method lists on the LNS for RADIUS tunnel authentication, perform the following task.
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Configuring the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
aaa authorization network list-name method1 [ method2...
]
4.
vpdn tunnel authorization network method- list-name
5.
vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template vtemplate-number
6.
vpdn tunnel authorization password dummy-password
7.
end
8.
debug aaa authorization
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enters privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
aaa authorization network list-name method1
Example:
[ method2...
]
Router(config)# aaa authorization network mymethodlist group VPDN-Group
Sets parameters that restrict user access to a network
• The list-name argument is a character string used to name the list of authentication methods tried when a user logs in.
• groupradius — Uses the list of all RADIUS servers for authentication.
• groupgroup-name — Uses a subset of RADIUS servers for authentication as defined by the aaagroupserverradius command.
• if-authenticated — Succeeds if user has been successfully authenticated.
• local — Uses the local username database for authentication.
• none — Uses no authentication.
Note The method list is only for VPDN tunnel authorization and termination, not for domain and Digital Number Identification
Service (DNIS) authorization. Therefore, the method list applies only on the tunnel terminator device — the LAC for dialout sessions and the LNS for dialin sessions.
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Configuring RADIUS Tunnel Authentication Method Lists on the LNS
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Command or Action vpdn tunnel authorization network method- list-name
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization network mymethodlist vpdn tunnel authorization
virtual-template vtemplate-number
Purpose
Specifies the AAA method list to use for VPDN remote tunnel hostname-based authorization.
• If you do not specify a method list (including a default method list) by using the vpdntunnelauthorizationnetwork command, local authorization occurs by using the local VPDN group configuration.
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization virtual-template 10 vpdn tunnel authorization password dummy-password
Example:
Router(config)# vpdn tunnel authorization password mypassword end
Specifies the default virtual template interface used to clone a VAI.
• If you do not specify a virtual template interface in the local VPDN group configuration or in a remote RADIUS configuration, then the default virtual template interface is used.
Note The vpdntunnelauthorizationvirtual-template command is applicable only on the LNS.
Specifies the password to use for the RADIUS authorization request to retrieve the tunnel configuration based on the remote tunnel hostname.
• By default, the password is cisco, but you can configure a different password.
Note The vpdntunnelauthorizationpassword command is applicable on both the LAC and LNS.
Exits global configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config)# end debug aaa authorization Displays information on AAA authorization.
Example:
Router# debug aaa authorization
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Configuring AAA Authentication Methods
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Configuring AAA Authentication Methods
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
aaa new-model
4.
Configure RADIUS security protocol parameters. For more information about RADIUS, see the
“ Configuring RADIUS ” chapter in the Cisco IOS XE Security Configuration Guide: Securing User Services
.
5.
aaa authentication
6.
Apply the authentication method lists to an interface, a line, or a set of lines as required. For more information about authentication method lists, see the “ Configuring Authentication ” chapter in the Cisco
IOS XE Security Configuration Guide: Securing User Services .
7.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 7 enable configure terminal aaa new-model
Enter this command in global configuration mode to enable AAA.
Configure RADIUS security protocol parameters. For more information about RADIUS, see the “ Configuring RADIUS ” chapter in the Cisco IOS XE Security Configuration Guide: Securing User Services .
aaa authentication
Enter this command to define the authentication method lists.
Apply the authentication method lists to an interface, a line, or a set of lines as required. For more information about authentication method lists, see the “ Configuring Authentication ” chapter in the Cisco IOS XE Security Configuration
Guide: Securing User Services .
end
Configuration Examples for the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel
Protocol Network Server
Example Managed IPv6 LNS Configuration
The following example shows how to configure Managed IPv6 LNS features on the router. In this example, the router terminates the tunnel from the LAC and associates the VRFs with the interfaces and the virtual
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Example Managed IPv6 LNS Configuration template interfaces. This configuration also shows how to configure RADIUS attribute screening and AAA accounting for the VRFs.
!
!
vrf definition Mgmt-intf
!
address-family ipv4 exit-address-family
!
address-family ipv6
!
exit-address-family vrf definition user_vrf1 rd 1:1 route-target export 1:1 route-target import 1:1
!
address-family ipv6 exit-address-family
!
logging buffered 10000000 enable password lab
!
aaa new-model
!
!
aaa group server radius radius_authen1 server-private 10.1.1.2 acct-port 0 timeout 7 retransmit 3 key cisco1 ip radius source-interface Loopback20000
!
aaa authentication login default none aaa authentication ppp default group radius_authen1 aaa authorization network default group radius_authen1 aaa authorization configuration DHCPv6-PD group radius_authen1
!
!
!
!
!
aaa session-id common aaa policy interface-config allow-subinterface ppp hold-queue 80000 clock timezone EST -5 0 ip source-route no ip gratuitous-arps
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
no ip domain lookup ip host mcp-matrix 10.0.0.2
ip host mcp-sun-2 10.0.0.2
!
!
ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 dhcp binding track ppp ipv6 dhcp pool ipv6_dhcp_pool1
!
prefix-delegation aaa method-list DHCPv6-PD
!
!
!
multilink bundle-name authenticated vpdn enable
!
vpdn-group VPDN_LNS1 accept-dialin
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Configuring the Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server
Example Managed IPv6 LNS Configuration protocol l2tp virtual-template 1 terminate-from hostname test_LAC1 source-ip 10.0.0.2
local name test_LNS1 l2tp tunnel password 0 tunnel1 l2tp tunnel receive-window 100 l2tp tunnel timeout no-session 30 l2tp tunnel retransmit retries 7
!
!
!
!
!
l2tp tunnel retransmit timeout min 2
!
no virtual-template snmp
!
!
!
!
!
username asifp1@test1 password 0 hello1
!
!
!
!
redundancy notification-timer 30000 mode none
!
!
!
!
!
ip tftp source-interface GigabitEthernet 0
!
!
!
!
!
interface Loopback1 no ip address
!
interface Loopback20000
!
ip address 209.165.202.131 255.255.255.224
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/0 mac-address 8888.8888.8888
no ip address load-interval 30 negotiation auto hold-queue 4096 in hold-queue 4096 out
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/0.1
encapsulation dot1Q 3 ip address 209.165.202.132 255.255.255.224
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/1 mac-address 4444.4444.4444
no ip address load-interval 30 no negotiation auto hold-queue 4096 in hold-queue 4096 out
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/1.1
vrf forwarding user_vrf1 encapsulation dot1Q 2
!
ipv6 address 12::1/72 interface GigabitEthernet1/1/2
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Example Managed IPv6 LNS Configuration no ip address negotiation auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/3 no ip address
!
negotiation auto interface GigabitEthernet1/1/4 no ip address
!
negotiation auto interface GigabitEthernet1/1/5 no ip address negotiation auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/6 no ip address negotiation auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/1/7 description Connected to RADIUS ip address 209.165.201.1 255.255.255.224
negotiation auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/3/0 no ip address media-type sfp
!
negotiation auto interface GigabitEthernet1/3/1 no ip address media-type sfp
!
negotiation auto interface GigabitEthernet 0 vrf forwarding Mgmt-intf ip address 209.165.201.1 255.255.255.224
!
negotiation auto interface Virtual-Template 1 no ip address no logging event link-status ipv6 dhcp server ipv6_dhcp_pool1 rapid-commit keepalive 30 ppp mtu adaptive
!
ppp authentication pap ip default-gateway 10.1.0.5
ip forward-protocol nd
!
no ip http server no ip http secure-server ip route vrf Mgmt-intf 209.165.201.1 255.255.255.254 172.16.1.1
ip route vrf Mgmt-intf 209.165.201.29 255.255.255.224 172.16.0.1
!
ip radius source-interface GigabitEthernet1/1/7 logging esm config cdp run ipv6 route vrf user_vrf1 ::/0 12::2
!
ipv6 neighbor 12::2 GigabitEthernet1/1/1.1 2222.2222.2222
!
!
!
control-plane
!
call admission limit 90
!
!
!
alias exec call show caller summ alias exec caller show caller summ alias exec palt show plat
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Example LNS Tunnel Accounting Configuration alias exec plat show platform alias exec evsi sho plat hard cpp act feat ess stat
!
line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 exec-timeout 0 0 password password1
!
exception data-corruption buffer truncate end
Example LNS Tunnel Accounting Configuration
The following example shows how to configure the LNS to send tunnel accounting records to the RADIUS server: aaa new-model
!
!
aaa accounting network m1 start-stop group radius aaa accounting network m2 stop-only group radius aaa session-id common enable secret 5 $1$ftf.$wE6Q5Yv6hmQiwL9pizPCg1
!
username ENT_LNS password 0 tunnelpass username [email protected] password 0 lab username [email protected] password 0 lab spe 1/0 1/7 firmware location system:/ucode/mica_port_firmware spe 2/0 2/9 firmware location system:/ucode/mica_port_firmware
!
!
resource-pool disable clock timezone est 2
!
ip subnet-zero no ip domain-lookup ip host CALLGEN-SECURITY-V2 10.24.80.28 10.47.0.0
ip host dirt 172.16.1.129
!
vpdn enable vpdn tunnel accounting network m1 vpdn session accounting network m1
!
vpdn-group 1 accept-dialin protocol l2tp virtual-template 1 terminate-from hostname ISP_LAC local name ENT_LNS
!
isdn switch-type primary-5ess
!
!
fax interface-type modem mta receive maximum-recipients 0
!
interface Loopback 0 ip address 172.16.0.101 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback 1 ip address 192.168.0.101 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet 0 ip address 10.1.26.71 255.255.255.0
no ip mroute-cache
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Example Verifying the User Profile on the RADIUS Server no cdp enable
!
interface virtual-template 1 ip unnumbered Loopback 0 peer default ip address pool vpdn-pool1 ppp authentication chap
!
interface virtual-template 2 ip unnumbered Loopback1 peer default ip address pool vpdn-pool2 ppp authentication chap
!
interface fastethernet 0 no ip address no ip mroute-cache shutdown duplex auto speed auto no cdp enable
!
ip local pool vpdn-pool1 172.16.5.1 172.16.128.100
ip local pool vpdn-pool2 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.100
ip default-gateway 10.1.26.254
ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.26.254
ip route 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255 10.1.26.254
no ip http server ip pim bidir-enable
!
!
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit no cdp run
!
!
radius-server host 172.16.192.80 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key rad123 radius-server retransmit 3 call rsvp-sync end
Note For additional accounting examples, see the “ Configuring Accounting ” chapter in the Cisco IOS XE
Security: Secure Services Configuration Guide .
Example Verifying the User Profile on the RADIUS Server
The following is an example user profile on the RADIUS server. The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation
Services Routers retrieves the information in the user profile from the RADIUS server.
Radius Profile "user1"
Auth-Type = Local, User-Password = "pwd"
User-Service-Type = Framed-User
Framed-Protocol = PPP cisco-avpair = "lcp:interface-config=vrf forwarding VRF01" cisco-avpair = "lcp:interface-config=ipv6 unnumbered loopback1"
Framed-IPv6-Prefix = "2001:DB8:4567:1234::/64"
Delegated-IPv6-Prefix = "2001:DB8:AAAA::/48"
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Additional References
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
Cisco IOS XE MPLS commands
Authentication, authorization and accounting
Configuring RADIUS
Configuring accounting
RADIUS attributes
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Cisco IOS MPLS Command Reference
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
(AAA)
Configuring RADIUS
Configuring Accounting
“ RADIUS Attributes Overview and RADIUS IETF
Attributes ” module in the Cisco IOS XE Security
Configuration Guide: Securing User Services
Standards
Standard Title
No new or modified standards are supported, and support for existing standards has not been modified.
—
MIBs
MIB MIBs Link
No new or modified MIBs are supported, and support for existing MIBs has not been modified.
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms,
Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco
MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
RFCs
RFC
RFC 2867
Title
RADIUS Accounting Modifications for Tunnel
Protocol Support
254
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Feature Information for Configuring Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for Configuring Managed IPv6 Layer 2
Tunnel Protocol Network Server
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 18: Feature Information for Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server
Feature Name
Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel
Protocol Network Server
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 3.3S
Feature Information
The Managed IPv6 LNS feature allows the service provider to offer a scalable end-to-end VPN of both
IPv4 and IPv6 service to remote users. This feature integrates the
Multiprotocol Label Switching
(MPLS)-enabled backbone with broadband access capabilities.
The following commands were introduced or modified: atm pppatm passive, radius-server attribute list, radius-server key, radius-server retransmit, radius-server vsa send.
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Feature Information for Configuring Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol Network Server
Feature Name
Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel
Protocol Network Server -
VRF-Lite only
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release 3.3S
Managed IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnel
Protocol Network Server - MPLS
VPN
Cisco IOS XE Release 3.7S
Feature Information
The Managed IPv6 LNS feature allows the service provider to offer a scalable end-to-end VPN of both
IPv4 and IPv6 service to remote users. This feature integrates the
VRF-Lite enabled backbone with broadband access capabilities.
The Managed IPv6 LNS feature allows the service provider to offer a scalable end-to-end VPN of both
IPv4 and IPv6 service to remote users. This feature integrates the
MPLS enabled backbone with broadband access capabilities.
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C H A P T E R
10
ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband
Aggregation
The ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation feature provides client connectivity to a network through PPP connections by using an ISDN PRI Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) access concentrator (LAC) session over IPv4.
This module describes how to configure the ISDN and dialer access-link support for broadband aggregation.
•
Finding Feature Information, page 257
•
Prerequisites for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation, page 258
•
Restrictions for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation, page 258
•
Information About ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation, page 258
•
How to Configure ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation, page 259
•
Verifying ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation, page 268
•
Configuration Examples for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation, page 269
•
Additional References, page 270
•
Feature Information for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation, page 271
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
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Prerequisites for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation
ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation
Prerequisites for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for
Broadband Aggregation
• You must configure a Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) network server (LNS) and enable IPv4 before configuring ISDN support for broadband.
• Ensure that the ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation feature installs correctly by enabling the activation of the adventerprise license upon the next reload.
enable configure terminal license boot level adventerprise end
Restrictions for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband
Aggregation
• Only IPv4 PPP sessions inside Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) version 2 tunnels are supported.
• ISDN termination is not supported on the dialer interface or on the d-channel interface. To achieve PPP termination and aggregation (PTA), the router will need to act as a L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC) and forward incoming ISDN calls to a L2TP Network Server (LNS).
Information About ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for
Broadband Aggregation
Deployment Model for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband
Aggregation
The ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation feature provides support for ISDN and dialer PRI access link to broadband PPP IPv4 sessions at the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) network server (LNS). These sessions are carried over PPP by the L2TP access concentrator (LAC) using ISDN over
IPv4. The sessions are sent from the LAC to the LNS through L2TP tunnels. The LNS terminates the PPP sessions and assigns a network layer address to the client. The client data in the IPv4 packet is then routed to the ISP or a corporate network and forwarded to the final destination. The LNS also performs authentication,
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How to Configure ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation authorization, and accounting (AAA) actions on the PPP sessions. The figure below describes the deployment model.
Figure 11: Topology Diagram
How to Configure ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for
Broadband Aggregation
Note Before you can configure the ISDN switch type on an interface, you must configure a global ISDN switch type by using the isdn switch-type global configuration command. Because global commands are processed before interface-level commands, the command parser does not accept the isdn switch-type command on an interface unless a switch type is first added globally.
Configuring an L2TP Access Concentrator
Perform this task to configure a virtual private dial-up network (VPDN), a Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) access concentrator (LAC), and an ISDN switch type.
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Configuring an L2TP Access Concentrator
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
vpdn enable
4.
vpdn search-order domain dnis
5.
vpdn-group group-name
6.
request-dialin
7.
protocol l2tp
8.
domain domain-name
9.
exit
10.
initiate-to ip ip-address
11.
local name host-name
12.
l2tp tunnel password password
13.
exit
14.
isdn switch-type switch-type
15.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Device> enable configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Device# configure terminal vpdn enable Enables VPDN on a device.
Example:
Device(config)# vpdn enable vpdn search-order domain dnis
Example:
Device(config)# vpdn search-order domain dnis
Specifies how a network access server (NAS) or a tunnel switch performs VPDN tunnel authorization searches.
vpdn-group group-name Creates and associates a VPDN group with a customer or a
VPDN profile and enters VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Device(config)# vpdn-group group1
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Configuring an L2TP Access Concentrator
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Command or Action request-dialin
Purpose
Creates a request-dialin VPDN subgroup that indicates the dialing direction and initiates the tunnel; enters VPDN request-dialin group configuration mode.
Example:
Device(config-vpdn)# request-dialin protocol l2tp Specifies that L2TP is the tunneling protocol used by the
VPDN subgroup.
Example:
Device(config-vpdn-req-in)# protocol l2tp
domain domain-name Specifies the domain name of users that are to be forwarded to a tunnel server using VPDN.
Example:
Device(config-vpdn-req-in)# domain xyz.com
exit Returns to VPDN group configuration mode.
Example:
Device(config-vpdn-req-in)# exit
initiate-to ip ip-address Specifies an IP address that is used for Layer 2 tunneling.
Example:
Device(config-vpdn)# initiate-to ip
192.0.2.55
local name host-name Specifies a local hostname that the tunnel uses to identify itself.
Example:
Device(config-vpdn)# local name host1
l2tp tunnel password password Sets a password that the device uses to authenticate the Layer
2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunnel.
Example:
Device(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password password1 exit Returns to global configuration mode.
Example:
Device(config-vpdn)# exit
isdn switch-type switch-type
Example:
Device(config)# isdn switch-type primary-4ess
Selects a service provider switch type that accommodates
PRI.
• In this example, the ISDN switch type is primary-4ess.
end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Device(config)# end
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Configuring a PRI Group
Configuring a PRI Group
Perform this task to specify an ISDN switch type and to configure a PRI group.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
isdn switch-type switch-type
4.
controller { T1 | E1 } slot/port
5.
framing esf
6.
linecode { ami | b8zs | hdb3 }
7.
cablelength long db-gain-value db-loss-value
8.
pri-group timeslots timeslot-range
9.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Device> enable configure terminal
Example:
Device(config)# controller T1 0/1 framing esf
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Device# configure terminal
isdn switch-type switch-type Selects a service provider switch type that accommodates PRI.
Example:
Device(config)# isdn switch-type primary-ni controller { T1 | E1 } slot/port Enters controller configuration mode.
Selects the extended super frame (esf) type for the T1 data line.
Example:
Device(config-controller)# framing esf
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Configuring a PRI Group
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Command or Action linecode { ami | b8zs | hdb3 }
Example:
Device(config-controller)# linecode b8zs
Purpose
Selects the line code type for T1 or E1 lines.
• Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) is the default for T1 lines.
• Bipolar With 8-Bit Substitution (B8ZS) is valid only for the
T1 controller.
• High-Density Bipolar 3 (hdb3) is the default for E1 lines.
cablelength long db-gain-value db-loss-value Increases the pulse of a signal at the receiver and decreases the pulse from the transmitter by using pulse equalization and line build-out for a T1 cable.
Example:
Device(config-controller)# cablelength long gain36 0db
pri-group timeslots timeslot-range
Example:
Device(config-controller)# pri-group timeslots 1-2
Configures the PRI group for the T1 or E1 controller to carry voice traffic.
• Use a hyphen to indicate a range. Groups of time slot ranges separated by commas (for example: 1-4,8-23) are also accepted.
• You can configure the PRI group to include all available time slots, or you can configure a select group of time slots for the PRI group.
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
end
Example:
Device(config-controller)# end
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Configuring a Dialer for an ISDN PRI Interface
Configuring a Dialer for an ISDN PRI Interface
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface serial controller-number:time-slot
4.
no ip address
5.
dialer rotary-group interface-number
6.
dialer-group group-number
7.
exit
8.
isdn switch-type switch-type
9.
isdn timer timer milliseconds
10.
isdn skipsend-idverify
11.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Example:
Device> enable configure terminal
Example:
Device# configure terminal
interface serial controller-number:time-slot
Example:
Device(config)# interface serial 0/1/7:23 no ip address
Example:
Device(config-if)# no ip address
dialer rotary-group interface-number
Example:
Device(config-if)# dialer rotary-group 100
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Specifies a serial interface created on a channelized E1 or channelized T1 controller and enters interface configuration mode.
Removes an existing IP address or disables IP processing.
Includes a specified interface in a dialer rotary group.
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Configuring a Dialer for an ISDN PRI Interface
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Command or Action
dialer-group group-number
Purpose
Controls access by configuring an interface to belong to a specific dialing group.
Example:
Device(config-if)# dialer-group group1 exit Returns to global configuration mode.
Example:
Device(config-if)# exit
isdn switch-type switch-type
Example:
Device(config)# isdn switch-type primary-4ess
Selects a service provider switch type that accommodates
PRI.
isdn timer timer milliseconds Identifies and configures an ISDN timer and changes the value of the timer for network, call connect, and disconnect waiting periods.
Example:
Device(config)# isdn timer T321 30000 isdn skipsend-idverify Stops user-side PRI interfaces from sending ID verification information.
Example:
Device(config)# isdn skipsend-idverify end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Device(config)# end
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Configuring a Dialer Interface by Enabling PPP Authentication
Configuring a Dialer Interface by Enabling PPP Authentication
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface dialer dialer-rotary-group-number
4.
no ip address
5.
encapsulation encapsulation-type
6.
dialer in-band
7.
dialer idle-timeout seconds
8.
dialer-group group-number
9.
no peer default ip address
10.
ppp authentication protocol1 [ protocol2...
] [ if-needed | list-name | default | callin | one-time | optional ]
11.
exit
12.
dialer-list dialer-group protocol protocol-name { permit | deny | list access-list-number | access-group }
13.
end
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Command or Action enable
Example:
Device> enable configure terminal
Example:
Device# configure terminal
interface dialer dialer-rotary-group-number
Example:
Device(config)# interface dialer 100 no ip address
Example:
Device(config-if)# no ip address
encapsulation encapsulation-type
Example:
Device(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Enters global configuration mode.
Defines a dialer rotary group and enters interface configuration mode.
Removes an existing IP address or disables IP processing.
Sets the encapsulation method used by the interface.
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Configuring a Dialer Interface by Enabling PPP Authentication
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Command or Action dialer in-band
Purpose
Specifies that dial-on-demand routing (DDR) is to be supported.
Example:
Device(config-if)# dialer in-band
dialer idle-timeout seconds Specifies the duration of idle time before a call is disconnected.
Example:
Device(config-if)# dialer idle-timeout 5000
dialer-group group-number Controls access by configuring an interface to belong to a specific dialing group.
Example:
Device(config-if)# dialer-group group1 no peer default ip address Disables a prior peer IP address pooling configuration on an interface or removes the default address from your configuration.
Example:
Device(config-if)# no peer default ip address
ppp authentication protocol1 [ protocol2...
] [ if-needed
| list-name | default | callin | one-time | optional ]
Enables at least one PPP authentication protocol and specifies the order in which the protocols are selected on the interface.
Example:
Device(config-if)# ppp authentication chap callin exit Returns to global configuration mode.
Example:
Device(config-if)# exit
dialer-list dialer-group protocol protocol-name { permit
| deny | list access-list-number | access-group }
Defines a DDR dialer list for dialing by protocol or by a combination of a protocol and a previously defined access list.
Example:
Device(config)# dialer-list dialergroup1 protocol ip permit end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Device(config)# end
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ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation
Verifying ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband
Aggregation
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show ppp all
3.
show vpdn
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3 enable
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Device> enable show ppp all
Displays the PPP session information.
Example:
Device# show ppp all
Interface/ID OPEN+ Nego* FailStage Peer Address Peer Name
------------ --------------------- -------- --------------- --------------------
Se0/1/0:0 LCP+ CHAP* Fwded 10.1.1.1
show vpdn
Displays basic information about all active virtual private dial-up network (VPDN) tunnels.
Example:
Device# show vpdn
L2TP Tunnel and Session Information Total tunnels 1 sessions 1
LocTunID RemTunID Remote Name State Remote Address Sessn L2TP Class/
46988 29813 o2-lns est 192.0.2.55
Count VPDN Group
1 1
LocID
2300
RemID
46414
TunID
46988
Username, Intf/
Vcid, Circuit
State example@e..., Se0/1/0:0 est
Last Chg Uniq ID
00:00:38 3
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Troubleshooting Tips
Troubleshooting Tips
Use the following commands to troubleshoot the ISDN/dialer access-link support for broadband aggregation:
• debug dialer — Displays debugging information about the packets received on a dialer interface.
• debug isdn q931 — Displays information about call setup and teardown of ISDN network connections
(Layer 3) between the local router (user side) and the network.
• debug ppp authentication — Displays authentication protocol messages, including Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol (CHAP) packet exchanges and Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) exchanges.
• debug ppp negotiation — Displays information on traffic and exchanges of PPP packets sent during
PPP startup, when PPP options are negotiated.
Configuration Examples for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation
Example: Configuring an L2TP Access Concentrator
The following example shows how to configure the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) access concentrator
(LAC):
Device(config)# vpdn enable
Device(config)# vpdn search-order domain dnis
Device(config)# vpdn-group group1
Device(config-vpdn)# request-dialin
Device(config-vpdn-req-in)# protocol l2tp
Device(config-vpdn-req-in)# domain xyz.com
Device(config-vpdn-req-in)# exit
Device(config-vpdn)# initiate-to ip 192.0.2.55
Device(config-vpdn)# local name host1
Device(config-vpdn)# l2tp tunnel password password1
Device(config-vpdn)# exit
Device(config)# isdn switch-type primary-4ess
Example: Configuring a PRI Group
The following example shows how to specify the ISDN PRI on the T1 controller for slot 0, port 1, and configures time slots 1 to 2:
Device(config)# isdn switch-type primary-ni
Device(config)# controller T1 0/1
Device(config-controller)# framing esf
Device(config-controller)# linecode b8zs
Device(config-controller)# cablelength long gain36 0db
Device(config-controller)# pri-group timeslots 1-2
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Example: Configuring a Dialer for an ISDN PRI Interface
Example: Configuring a Dialer for an ISDN PRI Interface
The following example shows how to specify the dialer profile configuration for an ISDN PRI interface:
Device(config)# interface serial 0/1/7:23
Device(config-if)# no ip address
Device(config-if)# dialer rotary-group 100
Device(config-if)# dialer-group group1
Device(config-if)# exit
Device(config)# isdn switch-type primary-4ess
Device(config)# isdn timer T321 30000
Device(config)# isdn skipsend-idverify
Example: Configuring a Dialer Interface by Enabling PPP Authentication
Device(config)# interface dialer 100
Device(config-if)# no ip address
Device(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Device(config-if)# dialer in-band
Device(config-if)# dialer idle-timeout 5000
Device(config-if)# dialer-group group1
Device(config-if)# no peer default ip address
Device(config-if)# ppp authentication chap callin
Device(config-if)# exit
Device(config)# dialer-list dialergroup1 protocol ip permit
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
Broadband and DSL commands
Dial commands
VPDN commands
Broadband and DSL configuration
Technical support documentation for L2TP
Technical support documentation for PPP
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Command List, All Releases
Cisco IOS Broadband Access Aggregation and DSL
Command Reference
Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Command Reference
Cisco IOS VPDN Command Reference
Broadband Access Aggregation and DSL
Configuration Guide
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol (L2TP)
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
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Feature Information for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation
Standards and RFCs
Standard/RFC
RFC 1661
RFC 2661
Title
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Technical Assistance
Description Link
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and
Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html
Feature Information for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for
Broadband Aggregation
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 19: Feature Information for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation
Feature Name
ISDN/Dialer Access-Link
Support for Broadband
Aggregation
Releases
Cisco IOS XE Release
3.8S
Feature Information
The ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for
Broadband Aggregation feature provides client connectivity to a network through PPP by using an ISDN PRI LAC session over IPv4.
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Feature Information for ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation
ISDN/Dialer Access-Link Support for Broadband Aggregation
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VPDN Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S
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Key features
Securely carries private data over public networks
Supports L2TP and L2TPv3 tunneling protocols
Configurable AAA for secure authentication
Enables NAS-initiated dial-in VPDN tunneling
Supports multihop VPDN for complex network scenarios
VRF-aware VPDN tunnels
Frequently asked questions
A VPDN securely carries private data over a public network, allowing remote users to access a private network over a shared infrastructure like the Internet.
The guide focuses on L2TP and L2TPv3.
AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) provides a framework to manage network access and usage for VPDN tunnels.