Furuno USA 1937 radar User manual

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.28 Custom Setup

1.28.1 About custom setup

When your navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, you can assign the CUSTOM key to provide best settings for common conditions.

There are three default custom setups for the internal computer of the radar (see the table on the next page). You can adjust these settings on the [Custom 1], [Custom 2] and [Custom 3] menus to meet your navigation needs.

To activate a custom setup, press the CUSTOM key. The CUSTOM key switches between Custom 1, Custom 2 or Custom 3 each time you press the key. (Custom setup numbers which are turned off are ignored.) The selected custom setup name is shown at the upper-left corner. To escape from custom setup, operate any control.

1.28.2 Description of custom setup items

Menu item

[Custom1(2 or 3)]

[Copy]

[Gain Mode]

[Manual Gain]

[Sea Mode]

[Auto Sea]

[Manual Sea]

[Rain Mode]

[Auto Rain]

[Manual Rain]

[A/C Auto]

Description of custom setup items

Available settings

Turn on/off each custom program.

Copy settings from the [Echo] menu. The message "Complete" appears after the copying is completed.

[Auto]: Automatic gain adjustment according to noise level

[Manual]: Manual gain adjustment

Copy the current position of the GAIN knob when you do

[Copy]. This item is for read-only.

[Auto]: Automatic sea clutter adjustment according to sea state

[Manual]: Manual sea clutter adjustment

[Coastal]: Suppress both land and sea clutter.

[Advanced]: Automatically discriminate land echoes from sea reflections to suppress only sea reflections.

Copy the current position of the A/C SEA knob when you do

[Copy]. This item is for read-only.

[Auto]: Automatic rain clutter adjustment according to rain cloud

[Manual]: Manual rain clutter adjustment

[Calm]: For light rain

[Moderate]: When you can not reduce the rain clutter with

[Calm] mode

[Rough]: For heavy rain

Copy the current position of the A/C RAIN knob when you do

[Copy]. This item is for read-only.

[Off], [On]

See section

1.9

1.10

1.11

1.12

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

Menu item

[Pulse Length]

[Echo Stretch]

[Echo Average]

[Noise Rejector]

[Wiper]

[Int Rejector]

[Display-Dynamic]

[Display-Curve]

Available settings

[Short] or [Long], you can select on 1.5, 1.6, 3.0 and 3.2 nm ranges.

[Off], [1], [2], [3]

[Off], [1], [2], [Auto]

[Off], [On]

[Off], [1], [2]

[Off], [1], [2], [3]

[Narrow]: Erase weak echoes.

[Normal]: Normal use

[Wide]: Display weaker echoes compared to [Narrow].

[1]: Reduce weak echoes.

[2]: Normal use

[3]: Display weaker echoes in stronger color compared to [1].

0 - 11

See section

1.18

1.22

1.23

1.30

1.31

1.14

1.36

1.37

1.44.3

[Color Erase]

1.28.3 How to set custom setups

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Custom 1 (2 or 3)] and press the ENTER key.

Custom menu

3. Set menu items.

Note: For easy set up, you can copy the settings of the [Echo] menu (to [Custom

1], [Custom 2], [Custom 3]). Select [Copy] and press the ENTER key. When the copying is completed, the message "Complete" appears. To erase this message, press any key.

4. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.29 How to Program Function Keys (F1, F2 and F3 keys)

You can program function keys ( F1 , F2 and F3 ) to provide one-touch access to a required function.

Function key operation

To activate a function, press function key, F1 , F2 or F3 . Press same key to change the setting.

The default programs are [Gain Mode] for F1 , [Sea Mode] for F2 , [A/C Auto] for F3 .

When you press the F1 or F2 key, the window for Gain/Sea/Rain indicator shows. See section 1.9 and 1.10 for operation. When you press the F3 key, [A/C Auto] is turned on.

How to change a function key program

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Others] and press the ENTER key.

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [F1 (F2 or F3) Setup] and press the ENTER key.

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select a function from the list and press the EN-

TER key. Below are the available functions.

Rings Brill

Mark Brill

HL Brill

Character Brill

View Position

Display Color

Echo Color

Background Color

Character Color

Menu Transparency

Echo Color Mode

Display Mode

Zoom

Zoom Mode

Echo Area

Data Box

STBY Display

Gain Mode

Sea Mode

Auto Sea

Rain Mode

Auto Rain

A/C Auto

Pulse Length

Echo Stretch

Echo Average

Noise Rejector

Wiper

Int Rejector

Display-Dynamic

Display-Curve

2nd Echo Rejector

Target Alarm 1

Target Alarm 2

Alarm Level

Watchman

Panel Buzzer

External Buzzer

Trails-Gradation

Trails-Color

Trails-Mode

Trails-Level

Trails-Restart

Trails-Narrow

Trails-Own Ship

Tuning Mode

Function list

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

WPT Mark

EBL Reference

VRM Unit

Cursor Position

TLL Key Mode

Vector Reference

History Dots

History Interval

CPA

TCPA

Proximity

ARPA-Display

ARPA-Color

ARPA-Auto Acquisition

ARPA-ACK Lost Targets

AIS-Display

AIS-Color

AIS-Sort By

AIS-ACK Lost Targets

GPS-Mode

GPS-Datum

GPS-WAAS

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.30 Noise Rejector

White noise can appear on the screen as random "marks". You can reduce this noise as follows:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Echo] and press the ENTER key.

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Noise Rejector] and press the ENTER key.

Noise Rejector options

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Off] or [On] then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.31 Wiper

The wiper feature automatically reduces the brilliance of unwanted weak signals

(noise, sea clutter, rain clutter, etc.) and unnecessary signals, like radar interference, to clear the picture of unnecessary echoes. The result of wiper depends on the wiper setting used and whether echo averaging is turned on or off, as described below.

Echo averaging and wiper states and wiper effect

Echo Average Off

Echo Average On (1, 2, Auto)

Wiper 1 Wiper 2

Processing content A

Processing content A Processing content B

Processing content A: The brilliance of unnecessary weak echoes, like noise and radar interference, is reduced to clear the picture. The difference between wiper 1 and

2 is that brilliance is lowered more slowly in 1.

Processing content B: Echo averaging is automatically turned on from off when the wiper feature is turned on. You can see how the picture changes with the echo averaging turned off and turned on.

To activate the wiper feature, do the following:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Echo] and press the ENTER key.

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Wiper] and press the ENTER key.

Wiper options

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [1] or [2] then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Note: When the [Display Mode] is [True View], this function is not available (see section 1.7.2).

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.32 How to Reduce Second-trace Echoes

Echoes from very distant targets can appear as false echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. The second-trace echo occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later, or after a next transmission of radar pulse.

TX repetition

Second-trace echo

False echo range

Actual range

Second-trace echoes

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Echo] and press the ENTER key.

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [2nd Echo Rejector] and press the ENTER key.

2nd Echo Rejector options

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Off] or [On] then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.33 Watchman

The Watchman sounds the buzzer to tell the operator to check the radar display. The radar transmits for one minute and then goes into standby for the selected time interval. If the target alarm is active and a target is found in the alarm zone, Watchman is cancelled, and the radar transmits continuously.

ST-BY

1 min.

5,10 or 20 min.

1 min.

5,10 or 20 min.

Watchman starts

* Beep sounds just before radar transmits

or goes into standby.

How watchman operates

In standby, the timer near the <WATCH> label at the center of the screen counts down the remaining time until the transmission. When the set time interval has passed, the audio alarm sounds, the timer disappears and the radar transmits for one minute. After one minute, the audio alarm sounds and the watch alarm timer again begins the countdown sequence.

If you press the STBY/TX key before the set time interval comes, the radar goes into transmission.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

Do the following to activate the Watchman:

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Alarm] and press the ENTER key.

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Watchman] and press the ENTER key.

Watchman options

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Off] or the time ([5min], [10min] or [20min]) then press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.34 Color Selections

1.34.1 Preset colors

This radar is preset with color combinations that provide best viewing in daytime, nighttime and twilight. Below are the default color settings for each display item and display color setting.

Display item, color design and color

DIsplay item

Characters

Range rings, marks

Echo

Background

Day

Black

Green

Yellow

White

Red

Night

Red

Green

Black

Twilight

Green

Blue

Custom

Green

Yellow

Black

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Brill/Color] and press the ENTER key.

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Display Color] and press the ENTER key.

Display Color options

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select the color design and press the ENTER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.34.2 Custom colors

The custom color design lets you select preferred echo, background, characters, range rings and marks colors. Select [Custom] in the [Display Color] menu item (see section 1.34.1) to use the user selected echo, background, characters, range rings and marks colors.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Brill/Color] and press the ENTER key.

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Echo Color] and press the ENTER key.

Echo Color options

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select an echo color and press the ENTER key.

[Multi] displays echoes in colors of red, yellow and green according to echo strength, and [Multi] is not available in the [IEC] or [Russian-River] mode.

5. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Background Color] and press the ENTER key.

Background Color options

6. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select a background color and press the ENTER key.

7. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Character Color] and press the ENTER key.

Character Color options

8. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select a character color (including range rings and marks) and press the ENTER key.

9. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.35 Navigation Data

1.35.1 Navigation data during standby

The navigation data is shown in standby when [STBY Display] on the [Display] menu is set to [Nav]. Appropriate sensors are required to display the data.

Speed

Depth

Wind speed

Heading indicator

Standby indication

Trip

Water temperature

Wind direction

Time until TX in watchman

Heading

Course

Bearing to destination waypoint

Waypoint mark

Cross track error

(numeric value)

Navigation data display at standby

1.35.2 Navigation data at the bottom of the screen

The navigation data is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Time to go to destination waypoint

Range to go to destination waypoint

Your ship position

Cross track error

(graphic): For example, when the indicator is off to the right side, steer your ship to the left to go to the destination waypoint.

- Cursor latitude position

- Cursor longitude position

- Time to go to cursor position

OWN SHIP

L AT 34

56.123N

LON 135

34.567E

SPEED 12.3KN

+ CURSOR

L AT 34

56.123N

LON 135

34.567E

TTG 01:00

WAYPOINT

BRG 14.8

RNG 0.876NM

T T G 00:20

Your ship position and speed - Bearing from your ship to waypoint

- Range from your ship to waypoint

- Time to go from your ship position to waypoint

Navigation data

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

To show or hide the navigation data at the bottom of the screen, do the following:

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Display] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Data Box] and press the ENTER key.

Data Box options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select an option and press the

ENTER

key.

[Off]: Turn off the data display.

[Nav]: Navigation data

[Target]:

ARPA and AIS target data (See section 3.8 and 4.5.)

[All]: Navigation data plus ARPA and AIS target data

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.36 Dynamic Range

You can change the dynamic range to erase unwanted weak echoes (sea reflections, etc.). Select [Narrow], [Normal] or [Wide] depending on conditions.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Echo] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Display-Dynamic] and press the ENTER key.

Display-Dynamic options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Narrow], [Normal] or [Wide] then press the

ENTER

key.

[Narrow]:

Erase weak echoes.

[Normal]: Normal use

[Wide]:

Display weaker echoes compared to [Narrow].

Press the

MENU

key to close the menu.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.37 Characteristics Curve

You can change the characteristics curve to reduce unwanted weak echoes (sea reflections, etc.). Select [1], [2] or [3] depending on conditions when unwanted weak echoes hide wanted targets.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Echo] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Display-Curve] and press the ENTER key.

Display-Curve options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [1], [2] or [3] then press the ENTER key.

[1]: Reduce weak echoes.

[2]: Normal use

[3]: Display weaker echoes in stronger color compared to [1].

Strong

3 2 1

Echo color strength

Input level

Display curve

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Strong

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.38 Waypoint Marker

The waypoint marker shows the location of the destination waypoint set on a navigation plotter. The heading signal or course data are required. You can turn on/off the waypoint marker as follows:

Waypoint marker

Waypoint marker

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Others] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [WPT Mark] and press the ENTER key.

WPT Mark options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Off] or [On] then press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.39 Alarm Message

The alarm status window shows all currently violated alarms.

Note: The alarm status window is not automatically displayed when an alarm occurs.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Alarm] and press the ENTER key.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Alarm Status] and press the ENTER key.

TRIGGER HEADING BEARING GYRO

VIDEO POSITION NMEA_HDG

IN OUT

COLLISION LOST PROXIMITY

COLLISION PROXIMITY

TX ANT CH1 CH2 CH70 FAIL MKD

EPFS L/L SOG COG HDG ROT

OVER_TEMP

Alarm Status display

Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key to close the alarm status display.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Meaning Alarm category

SIGNAL MISSING*

TRIGGER

HEADING

BEARING

GYRO

VIDEO

POSITION

NMEA_HDG

TARGET ALARM1(2)

OUT

ARPA ALARM

COLLISION

LOST

PROXIMITY

Trigger signal lost (only for remote display)

Heading signal lost

Bearing signal lost

AD-10 format gyro signal lost

Video signal lost

NMEA format position data lost

NMEA format heading signal lost

An echo has entered a target alarm zone.

An echo has exited a target alarm zone.

CPA and TCPA of an ARPA target is less than CPA and

TCPA alarm settings.

Acquired ARPA target becomes lost.

The range to an ARPA target is less than the user-set proximity alarm range.

AIS ALARM

COLLISION

PROXIMITY

CPA and TCPA of an AIS target is less than CPA and

TCPA alarm settings.

The range to an AIS target is less than the user-set proximity alarm range.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

Alarm category

AIS SYSTEM *

ANT

CH1

CH2

CH70

FAIL

MKD

EPFS

L/L

SOG

COG

HDG

ROT

OTHER *

OVER_TEMP

Meaning

TX stopped or TX error

Antenna VSWR problem

TDM2 RX1 board problem

TDM2 RX2 board problem

RX channel 70 problem

System failure

Minimum input device lost

Navigator (GPS, etc.) problem

Position data lost

Speed data lost

Course data lost

Heading data lost

Rate of turn data lost

The temperature of the equipment is more than the specified value.

*: Have a qualified technician check the equipment.

1.40 Echo Area

You can select the display area from [Normal] or [Full Screen].

Area in which echoes are displayed

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Normal Full Screen

Echo area

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Display] and press the ENTER key.

1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Echo Area] and press the ENTER key.

Echo Area options

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Normal] or [Full Screen] then press the EN-

TER key.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.41 Initial Sub Menu

The [Initial] sub menu in the [System] menu contains the items which allow you to customize your radar to meet your needs.

1.41.1 How to open the Initial sub menu

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Initial] and press the ENTER key.

Initial sub menu

1.41.2 Description of Initial sub menu

[Key Beep]: When a key is pressed, a beep sounds. You can turn on or off this beep.

[Offcenter Speed]: Set the speed of your ship to calculate amount of your ship’s offcenter. The setting range is 1-99 (kn).

[Compass Type]: Select the type of bearing sensor connected to the radar; [True]

(gyrocompass, satellite compass) or [Magnetic] (magnetic compass).

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

[Range Preset]: You can select the radar ranges. Select a range and press the EN-

TER key to switch on and off. At least two ranges must be turned on. 0.0625 is not available in KM (kilometers).

NM (nautical miles) KM (kilometers)

Available ranges

SM (statute miles)

[Wind Direction]: Wind direction is shown as [Apparent] or [True].

[NMEA Port 1]: Set the baud rate of the equipment connected to Port 1 ([Auto],

[4800], or [38400] (bps)). [Auto] provides automatic detection of baud rate from 4800,

9600, 19200 or 38400 (bps).

[NMEA Port 2]: Same function as Port 1 but for Port 2.

[NMEA Mixing Out]: Data input to Port 1 may be output from Port 2 mixed with data output to Port 2. Select [On] to use this feature.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.42 Units Sub Menu

You can select the unit of measurement for range, ship speed, depth, temperature and wind speed on the [Units] sub menu in the [System] menu. You can not open this sub menu in normal operation. To open this menu, select [Units], hold the CANCEL/HL

OFF key and press the MENU key five times.

Units sub menu

[Range Unit]: NM, KM, SM

[Ship Speed Unit]: kn, km/h, mph

[Depth Unit]: m, ft, fa, pb, HR

[Temperature Unit]: °C, °F

[Wind Speed Unit]: kn, km/h, mph, m/s

1.43 Sector Blank

You must prevent the transmission in some areas to protect passengers and crew from microwave radiation. Also, if the reflections of echoes from the mast appear on the screen, you must prevent the transmission in that area. You can set two sectors.

1. Press the MENU key to open the menu.

2. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Sector Blanks] and press the ENTER key.

3. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Sect-Blank 1 (or 2) Status] and press the

ENTER key.

Sect-Blank Status options

4. Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [On] and press the ENTER key.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Sect-Blank 1 (or 2) Start] and press the

ENTER key.

Sect-Blank Start setting window

Use the Cursorpad (

) to set the start point of the sector and press the EN-

TER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Sect-Blank 1 (or 2) End] and press the EN-

TER key.

Sect-Blank End setting window

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to set the end point of the sector and press the EN-

TER key.

Note 1: You can not set the sector more than 180 degrees.

Note 2: You can not set the total width of sector 1 and sector 2 more than 270 degrees.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

As shown in the following illustration, dashed lines mark the start and end points of the sector.

End bearing of sector

Area of no transmission

Sector blank

Start bearing of sector

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.44 Other Menu Items

This section describes the menu items not previously described.

1.44.1 Menu items on the [Brill/Color] menu

[View Position]: You can select the angle from where you see the screen.

View Position options

[Menu Transparency]: You can select the degree of transparency of the menu window so the menu window does not hide the echo display. [4] is the greatest degree of transparency. [Off] functions to hide the echo display behind the menu window completely.

Note: Alpha blending technology is used for transparency effects.

Menu Transparency options

[Echo Color Mode]: You can select the color palette from [System] or [Custom]. [System] is the pre-set color palette and [Custom] is the color palette you can set yourself.

This function is not available in the [IEC] or [Russian-River] mode.

Echo Color Mode options

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

[Custom Echo Color]: You can customize the echo color with the following two methods. This function is not available in the [IEC] or [Russian-River] mode.

1-54

Custom Echo Color setting window

Method 1: 1) Select the echo rank to change on the [Rank] (setting range: 1 - 31).

2) Set the RGB values for selected echo rank on the [Red], [Green] and

[Blue] (setting range: 0 - 63).

Method 2: 1) Select 31 on the [Rank].

2) Set the RGB values for 31 echo rank on the [Red], [Green] and [Blue]

(setting range: 0 - 63).

3) Interpolate the RGB values between the maximum rank and minimum rank on the [Fitting To Curve] with the following curves (setting range:

-20 to 20).

Setting range > 0: Logarithmic curve, useful to emphasize the weak echoes.

Setting range = 0: Straight line

Setting range < 0: Exponential curve, useful to emphasize the strong echoes.

[Copy To Custom]: Copy the color palette from [System] to [Custom].

1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.44.2 Menu items on the [Display] menu

[Base Text Display]: You can select on/off for the text indications of the following items on the display. The settings on this function are used when you set [Echo Area] to [Full Screen] on the [Display] menu. This function is not available in the [IEC] or

[Russian-River] mode.

Press the ENTER key to change between on and off.

Base Text Display options

The text indications set to off appear when you operate any key. The indications disappear when there is no key operation for 10 seconds.

[Gain/Sea/Rain Bar]: Open the Gain/Sea/Rain indicator. You can check the current settings.

Gain/Sea/Rain Bar

[STBY Display]: Set the function of the standby display.

STBY Display options

[Normal]: Display "ST-BY" at the screen center.

[Nav]: Display navigation data.

[Economy]: Turn off the backlight of the LCD. The radar must be switched from

TX to ST-BY to activate this mode.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

1.44.3 Menu items on the [Echo] menu

[Color Erase]: Erase the lower echo color whose level is set here. Set a large value to display only the stronger echoes.

Color Erase setting window

1.45 Remote Display

You can use this radar as a remote display when you set [Input Source] to [Slave] on the [Installation] sub menu. When this setting is done, the menu and display change as described below. To display the radar image on the remote display, transmit from the main radar.

Note: The message "Please turn to STBY-mode when you change this setting." appears when you switch the mode in transmission.

Unavailable menu items

The menu items are not available with the remote display as shown in the table.

[Echo]

Menu

[Custom 1, 2, 3]

[Alarm]

Unavailable menu item(s)

[Pulse Length], [2nd Echo Rejector]

[Pulse Length]

[Watchman]

[Tuning] All menu items are inoperative.

[System] - [Sector Blanks] All menu items are inoperative.

[System] - [Installation] [Antenna Rotation], [MBS Adjust],

[Auto Install Setup], [Total TX Time]

Display appearance

The display changes as shown in the following illustration.

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Transmitting or standby display indications for remote display

1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

Items unavailable with Function key F1, F2 and F3

• [Pulse Length] ([Echo] menu)

• [2nd Echo Rejector] ([Echo] menu)

• [Watchman] ([Alarm] menu)

• [Tuning Mode] ([Tuning] menu)

Total TX time indication

The total TX time (TX TIME XXXXXX.XH) does not appear on the diagnostic test or on the Normal standby display.

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1. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

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2. DESCRIPTION OF RADAR

2.1 General

2.1.1

Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of

0.0625 or 0.125 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m

is shown separate from the point representing the antenna position.

The minimum range depends on the pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing (like main bang suppression and digital quantization). Use a shorter range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture. This MODEL 1937 meets the requirements of IEC 62252 5.14.1 (Class A).

Maximum range

The maximum detection range, Rmax, varies depending on the height of the antenna, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal or a little shorter than the optical horizon. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by approximately 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. The Rmax is shown in the following formula.

R max

= 2.2 x ( h1 + h2) where R max

: radar horizon (nautical miles) h1: antenna height (m) h2: target height (m)

Radar horizon

Optical horizon

If the height of the antenna is 9 m and the height of the target is 16 m, the maximum radar range is;

R max

= 2.2 x ( 9 + 16) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm

Note: The detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal).

2-1

2. DESCRIPTION OF RADAR

2.1.2

Radar resolution

The bearing resolution and range resolution are important in radar resolution.

Bearing resolution

The bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display the echoes received from two targets at the same range as the separate echoes. The bearing resolution is proportional to the antenna length and the wavelength.

Targets

Separate target echoes

Horizontal beam width

Targets

Horizontal beam width

Overlapped target echoes

Range resolution

The range resolution is the ability to display the echoes received from two targets on the same bearing as separate echoes. The range resolution is determined by only pulselength.

The test targets used to determine the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors that have an echoing area of 10 m

Transmission pulse

Separate target echoes

Targets

Transmission pulse

Targets

Overlapping

Overlapped target echoes

2-2

2. DESCRIPTION OF RADAR

2.1.3

Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. The bearing is taken relative to the heading of the ship.

Correct adjustment of the heading line at installation is important to get accurate bearings. To minimize the error when you measure the bearing of a target, put the target echo at the extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable range.

2.1.4

Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is important function of the radar. There are three methods of measuring range: the fixed range rings, the Variable Range Marker

(VRM), and the cursor (if set to measure range and bearing). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a given interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The diameter of VRM is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target (see section 1.15.2). The VRM is a more accurate range measurement than the fixed range rings. For cursor, see section 1.13.

2.2 False Echoes

The echo signals can appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear when there are targets. These false echoes are shown below.

2.2.1

Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes can be seen on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. You can reduce and remove the multiple reflection echoes with the A/C SEA control.

True echo

Your ship

Target

Multiple echo

Multiple echoes

2-3

2. DESCRIPTION OF RADAR

2.2.2

Sidelobe echoes

When the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam, called "sidelobes”. If a target is where a target can be detected by the sidelobes as well as the mainlobe, the side echoes can be shown on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Sidelobes show normally only on short ranges and from strong targets. You can reduce the sidelobes with the A/C SEA control.

Mainlobe (beam)

True target

Sidelobe

Antenna

Sidelobe echoes

False echoes by sidelobes

2.2.3

Virtual image

A large target close your ship can appear at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo reflected by the target. The other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close your ship as shown in the following figure.

If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, a false echo can temporarily appear on the screen.

Target ship

Route for direct reflection

Your ship

Mirror image of target ship

Bridge

True echo

Route for indirect reflection

Virtual image

False echo

2-4

2. DESCRIPTION OF RADAR

2.2.4

Shadow sector

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks near the antenna interrupt the radar beam, and a non-detecting sector can occur. Targets can not be detected within this sector.

Radar position

Large ship

Wharf and its echo

Radar position

Wharf and its echo

Shadow sector occurs because wharf is hidden behind ship.

Shadow sector occurs because obstruction

(like mast) is in path of radar beam.

Size of blind sector depends on size of obstruction and range.

Shadow sector

2-5

2. DESCRIPTION OF RADAR

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

2.3.1

SART description

When any X-band radar reaches within a range of approximately 8 nm, a Search and

Rescue Transponder (SART) sends a response to the radar signal. The transmitter signal of response is 12-sweeps signal between 9,500 MHz to 9,200 MHz. The time of slow sweep signal is 7.5

μ s and the time of fast sweep signal is 0.4

μ s. When the radar receives this SART signal, a line of 12 dots appears. When the position of SART is distant, the radar display shows only slow sweep signals like the illustration of screen A.

When the radar reaches the SART within approximately 1 nm, the radar display can also show the 12 responses of fast sweep signals like the illustration of screen B. The position of the SART is the closest position of the radar echoes.

Screen A: When SART is distant Screen B: When SART is close

Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.

Echo from SART

24 NM

Radar antenna beamwidth

1.5 NM

Echo from

SART

Position of

SART

Your ship position

9500 MHz

9200 MHz

SART mark length

7.5

µ s

Sweep time

95 µ s

Your ship position

Radar receiver bandwidth

Position of

SART

Sweep start

Low speed sweep signal

High speed sweep signal

SART echo

2-6

2. DESCRIPTION OF RADAR

2.3.2

General remarks on receiving SART

SART range errors

When the SART is at a range greater than approximately 1 nm, the first dot is displayed at 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first range echoes are displayed at

150 m beyond the true position.

Range scale

When you find the SART position, do as follows:

Use the RANGE key to set the range scale to 6 nm or 12 nm.

Turn off [A/C Auto].

Turn off [Int Rejector].

SART display

To display only the SART echo clearly on the radar screen, reduce the tuning on manual mode. The normal radar echoes get weak, however, the SART echoes remain.

Your ship comes close to the SART, the arc for the SART display becomes larger.

Most of the radar screen becomes fuzzy. Adjust the A/C SEA and GAIN controls to display the necessary screen.

2-7

2. DESCRIPTION OF RADAR

2.4 RACON

A RACON is a radar beacon which emits radar-receivable signals in the radar frequency spectrum (X- or S-band). There are several signal formats; in general, the RACON signal appears on the radar screen as a rectangular echo originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon. It has a Morse coded pattern. Note that the position on the radar display is not accurate.

Echoes on the radar screen

RACON signal

RACON station

Your ship position

RACON

Echo description

2-8

3. ARPA OPERATION

The Automatic Radar Plotter ARP-11 (option) manually or automatically acquires and tracks ten targets. Once a target is acquired automatically or manually, a target is automatically tracked within 0.1 to 16 nm.

3.1 Precautions for Use

Do not depend on one navigation device for the navigation of the ship. The navigator must check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a replacement for basic navigation principles and common sense.

The ARPA automatically tracks an

automatically or manually acquired radar

target and calculates its course and

speed, indicating them by a vector. Since

the data from the auto plotter depend on

the selected radar targets, the radar must

be optimally tuned for use with the auto

plotter, to ensure required targets will not

be lost or unnecessary targets like sea

returns and noise will not be acquired

and tracked.

A target is not always a landmass, reef,

ship, but can be returns from the sea

surface and clutter. As the level of clutter

changes with the environment, the

operator must correctly adjust the A/C

SEA , A/C RAIN and GAIN controls so

that the target echoes do not disappear

from the radar screen.

The plotting accuracy and response of this ARPA meets IMO standards.

The tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

The t racking accuracy is affected by

course change. One to two minutes is

required to restore vectors to full

accuracy after a sudden course change.

(The actual amount depends on

gyrocompass specifications.)

The amount of tracking delay is inversely

proportional to the relative speed of the

target. Delay is on the order of 15-30

seconds for high relative speed; 30-60

seconds for low relative speed.

The display accuracy is affected by the following:

Echo intensity

Pulse width of radar transmission

Radar bearing error

Gyrocompass error

Course change (your ship or target)

3.2 Controls for Use with ARPA

ENTER: Acquire cursor-selected target. Display data for tracked target (in the data box at the bottom of the screen).

CANCEL/HL OFF: Remove data of cursor-selected tracked target from the data box.

Stop tracking the cursor-selected target (when its data is not displayed in the data box).

MENU: Access the [Target] and [ARPA] menus for ARPA operations.

Cursorpad: Select a target to acquire (or cancel the tracking). Select a target to show

(or remove) target data.

3-1

3. ARPA OPERATION

3.3 ARPA Display On/Off

You can turn the ARPA display on or off. The system continuously tracks ARPA targets regardless of this setting.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [ARPA] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Display] and press the ENTER key.

ARPA-Display options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Off] or [On] then press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3.4 How to Acquire and Track the Targets

Ten targets are acquired and tracked manually or automatically.

3.4.1

Manual acquisition

You can acquire up to ten ARPA targets. When the automatic acquisition ([Auto Acquisition] on the [ARPA] menu) is set to on, you can manually acquire up to five targets.

Use the Cursorpad to put the cursor on the target to acquire.

Press the ENTER key.

The ARPA target symbol changes over time as below. A vector which indicates the motion direction of the target appears approximately one minute after acquisition.

Vector

At acquisition

1 min. after acquisition

01 Target number

3 min. after acquisition

ARPA target symbol

Target number

River and Sea (Non-IEC system): An acquired target gets the youngest unused number. When a target is lost and disappears from the number list, the next acquired target takes the number of that lost target (ie; In a 5 target list, if the target 2 is lost, the next acquired target takes the number of target 2).

IEC and Russian-River (IEC system): An acquired target gets the youngest unused number. When a target is lost and disappears from the number list, the next acquired target takes the next sequential number until reaching a maximum 10. If the target number reaches a maximum 10, the next acquired target takes the number of a previously lost target.

3-2

3. ARPA OPERATION

3.4.2 Automatic acquisition

When you set an automatic acquisition area, the ARPA can acquire up to five targets automatically.

The automatic acquisition area is 2.0 to 2.5 nm in range and ±45° on either side of the heading line in bearing. When you change the automatic acquisition to manual acquisition, targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously tracked.

Automatic acquisition area

port

2.0 - 2.5 nm

starboard

Heading line

Automatic acquisition area

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [ARPA] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Auto Acquisition] and press the ENTER key.

Auto Acquisition options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [On] and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3.5 How to Stop the Tracking of ARPA Target

When ten targets have been acquired, no more acquisition occurs unless targets are cancelled. If you acquire additional targets, you must cancel one or more individual targets, or all targets. Use one of the following procedures.

3.5.1 How to stop the tracking of selected targets

Use the Cursorpad to put the cursor on the target to cancel the tracking.

Press the CANCEL/HL OFF key to cancel the tracking and erase the ARPA symbol. The unit beeps twice and the symbol is erased from the screen.

3.5.2 How to stop the tracking of all targets

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [ARPA] and press the ENTER key.

3-3

3. ARPA OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [All Cancel] and press the ENTER key.

All Cancel options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Yes] and press the ENTER key. All symbols are erased from the screen and the long beep sounds.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3.6 Vector Attributes

3.6.1 What is a vector?

A vector is a line extending from a tracked target. A vector shows speed and course of the target. The top of a vector shows estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. If you extend the vector length (time), you can evaluate the risk of collision with any target.

Predicted position of the target in 15 minutes later

Vector

Current position of the target

When vector time is 15 minutes

3.6.2 Vector time and vector reference

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Target] and press the ENTER key.

3-4

Target menu

3. ARPA OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Vector Time] and press the ENTER key.

Vector Time setting window

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select time and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Vector Reference] and press the ENTER key.

Vector Reference options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Relative] or [True] then press the ENTER key. This function is not activate for [IEC] or [Russian-River] purpose. The mode is set to [True].

[Relative]: Other ships’ vectors are displayed relative to your ship. This mode helps find targets on a collision course. If a ship is on a collision course with your ship, the vector of a ship points toward your ship position.

[True]: Your ship’s and other ships’ vectors are displayed at their true motions.

This mode helps discriminate between moving and stationary targets.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Note: The functions of the [Target] menu are shared by ARPA and AIS.

3.6.3

Vector of your ship

The vector of your ship is shown as an arrow from your ship position. The vector of your ship is shown on the following conditions:

• Connect ARP-11 (option)

• Select [True] on the menu item [Vector Reference] on the [Target] menu

• Independent of on/off on the menu item [Display] on the [ARPA] menu

Note: The vector of your ship is shown in the same color as the ARPA symbol color

(see section 3.12).

3-5

3. ARPA OPERATION

Vector of your ship

Cursor

Data box

3.7 History Display (target past position)

This radar can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) that mark the past positions of any tracked ARPA target. You can evaluate actions of a target by the spacing between dots. Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement.

3-6

(a) Ship turning (b) Ship running

straight

speed

(d) Ship increased

speed

Target movement and history display

You can select the number of history dots to display and the time interval to display the history dots.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Target] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [History Dots] and press the ENTER key.

History Dots options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select number of history dots to display (5 or 10) or select [Off] to turn off the history display.

Press the ENTER key.

3. ARPA OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [History Interval] and press the ENTER key.

History Interval options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select the time interval and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3.8 ARPA Target Data

You can show the data for a tracked ARPA target in the data box at the bottom of the screen. To display ARPA target data, the menu item [Display] on the [ARPA] menu must be set for [On] and the menu item [Data Box] on the [Display] menu must be set for [Target] or [All].

Use the Cursorpad to put the cursor on an ARPA target.

Press the ENTER key to show the data of the target.

Cursor + 01

ARPA target selected for data display

ARPA target

Data box

Bearing, range, course, speed

CPA, TCPA

Vector reference

Vector time Target no.

TRUE 05:00 <ARPA> No. 01

BRG 53.7

T RNG 2.987NM CRS 350.4

SOG 23.45KN

CPA 1.65NM TCPA 06:14

ARPA target data

The symbol for the selected ARPA target is enlarged double to distinguish from other symbols.

To remove the data of a target from a data box, put the cursor on its target symbol and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.

3-7

3. ARPA OPERATION

3.9 CPA/TCPA Alarm

Set CPA (Closest Point of Approach) alarm range and TCPA (predicted Time to CPA) alarm time to alert you to targets that can be on a collision course. When CPA and

TCPA of any ARPA target become less than the preset CPA and TCPA alarm settings, the audio alarm sounds. The alarm message "COLLISION" appears. The target symbol changes to a dangerous target symbol (triangle) and flashes with its vector. You can stop the audio alarm with any key. The flashing of the triangle stops when the tracked ARPA target is not in the CPA and TCPA alarm setting. The ARPA continuously monitors CPA and TCPA of all tracked ARPA targets.

Dangerous target symbol

This feature helps identify targets that can be on a collision course. Correctly adjust

GAIN , A/C SEA , A/C RAIN and other radar controls.

Do not depend on the CPA/TCPA alarm as the only method to detect the risk of collision. The navigator is not released of the responsibility to keep visual caution for collision situations, whether or not the radar or other plotting aid is in use.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Target] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [CPA] and press the ENTER key.

CPA options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select CPA distance and press the ENTER key.

3-8

3. ARPA OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [TCPA] and press the ENTER key.

TCPA options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select TCPA and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3.10 Proximity Alarm

The proximity alarm alerts you when an ARPA target is within the range you set. The audio alarm sounds and the alarm message "PROXIMITY" appears. The target symbol changes to a dangerous target symbol (triangle, see section 3.9) and flashes with its vector. Press any key to stop the audio alarm. The flashing continues until the target is not within the range set, the alarm range is changed to exclude the target, or the proximity alarm is deactivated.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Target] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Proximity] and press the ENTER key.

Proximity options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select the range and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3-9

3. ARPA OPERATION

3.11 Lost Target

When the system detects a lost target, the audio alarm sounds and the alarm message "LOST" appears. The target symbol becomes a flashing square like the following illustration. When the system detects the target again, the target symbol becomes a normal symbol.

Lost target symbol

To erase a lost target symbol, put the cursor on the symbol and press the CANCEL/

HL OFF key. If you leave a lost target symbol flashing, the symbol disappears after one minute.

You can remove all lost ARPA targets from the screen as follows:

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [ARPA] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [ACK Lost Targets] and press the ENTER key.

ACK Lost Targets options

Use the Cursorpad ( S ) to select [Yes] and press the ENTER key. All lost targets symbols are erased from the screen and the long beep sounds.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

3.12 Symbol Color

You can select the ARPA symbol color from Green, Red, Blue, White or Black.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [ARPA] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Color] and press the ENTER key.

3-10

Color options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select the color and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Note: Symbols can not be shown in the same color as the background color.

4. AIS OPERATION

Connected to the FURUNO AIS Transponders FA-150, FA-100, FA-50 or the AIS Receiver FA-30, the MODEL 1937 can show the name, position and other navigation data of the nearest 100 AIS transponder-equipped ships.

This radar accepts position data fixed by WGS-84 geodetic datum. Set the datum to

WGS-84 on the GPS navigator connected to this radar. If this radar is interfaced with the FURUNO GPS Navigator GP-320B, see section 5.2 for the procedure.

4.1 Controls for Use with AIS

ENTER: Activate cursor-selected target. Display data for selected active target (in the data box at the bottom of the screen).

CANCEL/HL OFF: Remove data of cursor-selected AIS target from the data box.

Sleep cursor-selected target (when its data is not displayed in the data box).

MENU: Access the [Target] and [AIS] menus for AIS operations.

Cursorpad: Select a target to activate (or sleep). Select a target to show (or remove) target data.

4.2 AIS Display On/Off

You can turn the AIS display on or off. The system continues processing AIS targets regardless of on/off for AIS display when the AIS transponder is turned on.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [AIS] and press the ENTER key.

AIS menu

4-1

4. AIS OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Display] and press the ENTER key.

AIS-Display options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Off] or [On] then press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.3 AIS Symbols

When the AIS is turned on, AIS targets are displayed with AIS symbol as below.

Sleeping target

Activated target

Dangerous target

Lost target Target selected for data display

AIS symbols

Note: The AIS symbols are momentarily erased after the screen is redrawn when the heading is changed on the head-up mode.

4.4 Activating, Sleeping Targets

When you change a sleeping target to an activated target, a vector shows the course and speed of that target. You can easily judge the target movement by the vector.

SOG (Speed Over Ground) and

COG (Course over Ground) vector

ROT

(Rate of Turn)

Heading line

(If there is no heading data, the line points in direction of COG.)

Activated target

4-2

4. AIS OPERATION

When there are many activated targets on the screen, you can not easily distinguish the activated targets from the radar images or ARPA targets. You can sleep an activated target for easy view of radar images.

Sleeping target

To activate a target: Put the cursor on the target and press the ENTER key.

To sleep a target: Put the cursor on the target and press the CANCEL HL/OFF key.

4.5 AIS Target Data

You can show the AIS target data in the data box at the bottom of the screen. To display AIS target data, the menu item [Display] on the [AIS] menu must be set for [On] and the menu item [Data Box] on the [Display] menu must be set for [Target] or [All].

1. Use the Cursorpad to put the cursor on an activated target.

2. Press the ENTER key to show the data of the target.

Cursor +

PEGASUS

AIS target selected for data display

Name of vessel

(or MMSI)

Bearing, range, course, speed

CPA, TCPA, Length, Beam of vessel

Data box

Vector reference

Vector time

MMSI of vessel Name of vessel

TRUE 05:00 <AIS> MMSI: 123456789 NAME: PEGASUS

BRG 53.7

° T RNG 2.987NM COG 350.4

° SOG 23.45KN

CPA 1.65NM TCPA 06:14 LEN 100M BEAM 45M

AIS target data

To remove the target data from a data box, put the cursor on its target symbol and press the CANCEL/HL OFF key.

4-3

4. AIS OPERATION

4.6 How to Sort Targets

You can sort the AIS targets received from the AIS transponder by range from your ship, by sector, by CPA or TCPA.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [AIS] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Sort By] and press the ENTER key.

Sort By options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select sorting method and press the ENTER key.

[Range]: Sort targets within the display range set (see section 4.7), from nearest to furthest.

[Sector]: Sort targets within the display sector set (see section 4.8) and within 24 nm, from nearest to furthest.

[CPA]: Sort targets within 24 nm by CPA, from closest to furthest.

[TCPA]: Sort targets within 24 nm by TCPA, from earliest time to latest time.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.7 Display Range

You can set the AIS system to show only those AIS targets within the range you set.

The setting range is 0.1-48 nm. Actual range depends on the AIS Transponder. If the target sorting method is selected to [Range], the target data within the range set here is transmitted to this radar.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [AIS] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Range] and press the ENTER key.

AIS-Range setting window

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to set the display range and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Note: The unit of measurement for range is NM.

4-4

4. AIS OPERATION

4.8 How to Display the Targets within a Specific Sector

You can display AIS targets only within a specific sector. If the target sorting method is selected to [Sector], the target data within the sector set here is transmitted to this radar.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [AIS] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Sector Start] and press the ENTER key.

Sector Start setting window

Use the Cursorpad (

) to set the start point for the sector and press the EN-

TER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Sector End] and press the ENTER key.

Sector End setting window

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to set the end point for the sector and press the EN-

TER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.9 Number of Targets to Display

You can select the maximum number of AIS targets to display. The setting value is 10 to 100. When the screen becomes cluttered with AIS targets, you can limit the number of AIS targets to show. Targets are selected and displayed according to sort method.

(See section 4.6.)

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [AIS] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Number of Targets] and press the ENTER key.

Number of Targets setting window

4-5

4. AIS OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select the number of targets to display and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.10 Vector Attributes

4.10.1

What is a vector?

4.10.2

Vector time and vector reference

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Target] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Vector Time] and press the ENTER key.

Vector Time setting window

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select time and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Vector Reference] and press the ENTER key.

Vector Reference options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Relative] or [True] then press the ENTER key. This function is not activate for [IEC] or [Russian-River] purpose. The mode is set to [True].

[True]: Your ship’s and other ships’ vectors are displayed at their true motions.

This mode helps discriminate between moving and stationary targets.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

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4. AIS OPERATION

4.11 History Display (target past position)

This radar can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) that marks the past positions of any tracked AIS target. You can evaluate actions of a target by the spacing between dots. Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement.

(a) Ship turning (b) Ship running

straight

speed

(d) Ship increased

speed

Target movement and history display

You can select the number of history dots to display and the time interval to display the history dots.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Target] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [History Dots] and press the ENTER key.

History Dots options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select number of history dots to display (5 or 10) or select [Off] to turn off the history display.

Press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [History Interval] and press the ENTER key.

History Interval options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select time interval and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

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4. AIS OPERATION

4.12 CPA/TCPA Alarm

Set CPA (Closest Point of Approach) alarm range and TCPA (predicted Time to CPA) alarm time to alert you to targets that can be on a collision course. When CPA and

TCPA of any AIS target (including a sleeping target) become less than the preset CPA and TCPA alarm settings, the audio alarm sounds. The alarm message "COLLISION" appears. The target symbol changes to a dangerous target symbol (red) and flashes with its vector. You can stop the audio alarm and flashing with any key. The dangerous target symbol is displayed until the AIS target is not in the CPA and TCPA alarm setting. The AIS continuously monitors CPA and TCPA of all AIS targets.

This feature helps identify targets that can be on a collision course.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Target] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [CPA] and press the ENTER key.

CPA options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select CPA distance and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [TCPA] and press the ENTER key.

TCPA options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select TCPA and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

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4. AIS OPERATION

4.13 Proximity Alarm

The proximity alarm alerts you when an AIS target is within the range you set. The audio alarm sounds and the alarm message "PROXIMITY" appears. The target symbol changes to a dangerous target symbol (red) and flashes with its vector. Press any key to stop the audio alarm and flashing. The dangerous target symbol is displayed until the target is not within the range set, the alarm range is changed to exclude the target, or the proximity alarm is deactivated.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Target] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Proximity] and press the ENTER key.

Proximity options

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select the range and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.14 Lost Target

When AIS data is not received from a target at fixed interval (3-5* report intervals), the target symbol changes to the lost target symbol (flashing). No audio or visual alarm is given for a lost target.

Lost target symbol

* The interval at which AIS data is sent depends on speed of the AIS transponder. For detailed information, refer to the Operator's Manual for the AIS transponder.

You can remove all lost AIS targets from the display as follows:

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [AIS] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [ACK Lost Targets] and press the ENTER key.

ACK Lost Targets options

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4. AIS OPERATION

Use the Cursorpad ( S ) to select [Yes] and press the ENTER key. All lost targets symbols are erased from the screen and the long beep sounds.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4.15 Symbol Color

You can select the AIS symbol color among Green, Red (unavailable in the [IEC] or

[Russian-River] purpose), Blue, White or Black.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [AIS] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad (

) to select [Color] and press the ENTER key.

Color options

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select the color and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

Note: Symbols can not be shown in the same color as the background color.

4.16 How to Ignore Slow Targets

You can prevent activation of the CPA/TCPA alarm against AIS targets that are traveling at a speed lower than set here. The AIS symbols are not affected by this setting.

Press the MENU key to open the menu.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [AIS] and press the ENTER key.

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select [Ignore Slow Targets] and press the ENTER key.

Ignore Slow Targets setting window

Use the Cursorpad ( S or T ) to select speed (0.0 - 9.9 kn) and press the ENTER key.

Press the MENU key to close the menu.

4-10

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